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    European Neogene Mammal Chronology

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    European Neogene Mammal Chronology

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    1989_Bookmatter_EuropeanNeogeneMammalChronolog

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    European Neogene Mammal Chronology

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    of 9

    European Neogene

    Mammal Chronology
    NATO ASI Series
    Advanced Science Institutes Series

    A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science Committee,
    which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge,
    with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities.

    The series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the


    NATO Scientific Affairs Division

    A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation


    B Physics New York and London

    c Mathematical Kluwer Academic Publishers


    and Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston, and London
    D Behavioral and Social Sciences
    E Applied Sciences

    F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag


    G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London,
    H Cell Biology Paris, and Tokyo

    Recent Volumes in this Series


    Volume 174-Cell and Molecular Biology of Artemia Development
    edited by Alden H. Warner, Thomas H. MacRae,
    and Joseph C. Bagshaw

    Volume 175-Vascular Endothelium: Receptors and Transduction Mechanisms


    edited by John D. Catravas, C. Norman Gillis, and Una S. Ryan

    Volume 176-Processing of Sensory Information in the


    Superficial Dorsal Horn of the Spinal Cord
    edited by F. Cervera, G. J. Bennett, and P.M. Headley

    Volume 177-Prostanoids and Drugs


    edited by B. Samuelsson, F. Berti, G. C. Folco,
    and G. P. Velo

    Volume 178- The Enzyme Catalysis Process: Energetics, Mechanism,


    and Dynamics
    edited by Alan Cooper, Julien L. Houben, and Lisa C. Chien

    Volume 179-lmmunological Adjuvants and Vaccines


    edited by Gregory Gregoriadis, Anthony C. Allison,
    and George Poste

    Volume 180-European Neogene Mammal Chronology


    edited by Everett H. Lindsay, Volker Fahlbusch,
    and Pierre Mein

    Series A: Life Sciences


    European Neogene
    Mammal Chronology
    Edited by

    Everett H. Lindsay
    University of Arizona
    Tucson, Arizona

    Volker Fahlbusch
    University of Munich
    Munich, Federal Republic of Germany

    and

    Pierre Mein
    Claude Bernard University
    Lyon, France

    Springer Science+ Business Media, LLC


    Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
    European Neogene Mammal Chronology,
    held May 16-20, 1988,
    in Schloss Reisensburg (near GOnzburg), Federal Republic of Germany

    Llbrary of Congrass Cataloglng-ln-Publlcat ton Data

    European Naogane •ammal chronology 1 edited by Everett H. Lindsay,


    Volkar Fahlbusch, and Piarre Mein.
    p. c•. -- !NATO ASI series. Series A, Life sciences ; v.
    180)
    "Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop an European
    Neogene Mam1al Chronology, held May 16-20, 1988 in Schloss
    Reisensburg"--T.p. versa.
    "Published in cooperation with NATO Sc1ent1fic Affairs Division."
    Includes bibliographical references.
    ISBN 978-1-4899-2515-2 ISBN 978-1-4899-2513-8 (eBook)
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-2513-8
    1. Mammals, Foss11--Europe--Congre sses. 2. Paleontology,
    Stratigraphic--Congres ses. 3. Paleontology--Neogene- -Congresses.
    4. Paleontology--Europe--C ongresse&. 5. Geology, Stratigraphic-
    -Neogene--Congresses. 6. Geology--Europe--Congr esses. I. Lindsay,
    Everett H. II. Fahlbusch, Volker. III. Mein, Pierre. IV. NATO
    Advanced Research workshop an European Neogene Ma•mal Chronology
    !1988: Schloss Reisensburg> V. North Atlantic Treaty Association.
    Scientific Affairs Oivision. VI. Series.
    QE881.E82 1989
    569'.094--dc20 89-26648
    CIP

    © 1989 Springer Science+Business Media New York


    Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1989
    Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989
    Ali rights reserved
    No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
    in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
    recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
    PREFACE

    During the last ZO years great progress has been achieved in our understanding of
    both earth history and vertebrate evolution. The result is that climatic/tectonic
    events in earth history can now be placed in a more precise and global time frame,
    that permit their evaluation as abiotic causal factors which might trigger extinction
    and dispersal events in vertebrate history. Great strides have also been made in
    genetics and cell biology, providing new insight into phylogenetic relationships among
    many vertebrates. These new data, along with data on chronologie resolution of earth
    history, provide tests of previous interpretations regarding ancestral-descendant
    relationships based solely on the fossil record.

    It is fitting and proper that a volume on European Neogene mammal chronology


    is produced at this time, to ensure that new interpretations of vertebrate evolution
    and chronology are based on the most accurate and current data. Vertebrate paleon-
    tologists believe that the fossil record is the only secure data for measuring the actual
    course and tempo of vertebrate evolution. Knowledge of the fossil record must keep
    pace with advances in other areas of science so that inferences on vertebrate evolu-
    tion are accurate and meaningful.

    The rich record of fossil mammals in Europe has contributed substantially to


    studies of vertebrate evolution. Notable early contributions to Cenozoic geochronology
    and vertebrate evolution were made by Cuvier, Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, Darwin, Huxley,
    Agassiz and others. Many of the concepts that we now use in Cenozoic geochronology
    and vertebrate evolution were developed in Europe during the last century.

    European mammal chronology has grown from both broad synthetic studies (e.g.,
    Zittel, Thenius, Kretzoi and Kurten) plus centrally focused studies (e.g., Crusafont,
    Thaler, Tobien and Azzaroli). The latter of these foundation builders are included
    among the contributors to this volume. We co-editors dedicate this volume to those
    vertebrate paleontologists who have helped to create the foundation of European
    Cenozoic mammal chronology that we have inherited.

    An international workshop was held at Schloss Reisensburg in Germany on May


    16-ZO, 1988, to stimulate further knowledge of European fossil mammals. This
    meeting, sponsored by NATO as an Advanced Research Workshop, had the title
    "European Neogene Mammal Chronology." It was attended by 47 researchers (listed at
    the end of the volume) from 15 nations, including 13 European nations. Presentations
    were given in English, even though English is the native tongue for only about 1Z
    percent of the participants. The topics addressed at the meeting were varied, includ-
    ing principles of stratigraphy, presentation of new fossil discoveries, syntheses of
    climatic and biogeographic data, update of systematics for selected groups of
    European mammals, and chronology of mammal faunas outside of Europe. Discussions
    were friendly and lively; conflicting perspectives were addressed and discussed openly.

    Contributions to this volume reflect the diversity of topics and viewpoints


    presented at the Workshop. Seven chapters (e.g., 1, 6, 7, 18, 31, 35 and 37) were
    initiated after the Workshop and most of the manuscripts were revised to some degree

    v
    after the Workshop. Note that opm1ons regarding importance and significance in
    mammalian chronology are diverse; we have attempted to include all these viewpoints
    in this volume, and will leave for future historians to decide which of these viewpoints
    contributed the most important or significant methods and studies for advancing
    mammal chronology, especially in Europe. We will claim that this volume reflects
    current state-of-the-art in knowledge of European mammal chronology.

    The co-editors are indebted to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the
    National Science Foundation for supporting this Workshop. We thank the Inter-
    nationales Institut fur wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit e.V. Schloss Reisensburg for
    providing comfortable accommodations, excellent service and tasty meals during our
    Workshop. A visit to the meteor crater and fossil deposits near Steinheim was led by
    E.J.P. Heizmann, to whom we are grateful. An editorial board consisting of Andrews,
    Fejfar, Ginsburg, Kowalski, Qiu and the co-editors critiqued the manuscripts following
    the Workshop. We were assisted in the preliminary organization of the Workshop by
    Mrs. Helga Fuchs, who was unable to join us during the Workshop. Ms. Gertrud
    Roessner capably assisted during and after the Workshop. We are especially grateful
    to Ms. JoAnn Overs for expert typing and editorial assistance in the preparation of
    camera-ready manuscripts. Mr. Jim Abbott provided expert advice and skill in design
    and correction of illustrations, for which we are grateful. The co-editors express their
    sincere thanks to all those mentioned above, for helping to present a stimulating
    Workshop and a handsome volume.

    E. H. Lindsay
    V. Fahlbusch
    P. Mein

    vi
    CONTENTS

    ASPECTS OF EUROPEAN MAMMAL CHRONOLOGY

    The Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
    E. Lindsay

    European Neogene Marine/Continental Chronologie Correlations • • • • • • • • • • • • • 15


    F. Steininger, R.L. Bernor, and V. Fahlbusch

    A Biochronologic Subdivision of the European Paleogene Based on


    Mammals - Report on Results of the Paleogene Symposium
    held in Mainz in February 1987 • . • . . . • • • . . • . • • • . • . • . • • • . • • . • . . • • • • • 47
    N. Schmidt-Kittler

    The Ramblian and Aragonian: Limits, Subdivision, Geographical


    and Temporal Extension • • • . • . . • • . . • • • . . • . . • • • • . • • . • • • • . • • • • • . • • • • 51
    R. Daams and M. Freudenthal

    New Neogene Rodent Assemblages from Anatolia (Turkey) 61


    M. Siimengen, E. Unay, G. Sara~, H. de Bruijn,
    I. Terlemez, and M. Giirbiiz

    Updating of MN Zones • • . • • • . • . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • . • • . • • • • . • • • . • • 73
    P. Mein

    Muroid Rodent Biochronology of the Neogene and Quaternary • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 91


    in Europe
    0. Fejfar and W. Heinrich

    Biozones or Mammal Units? Methods and Limits in Biochronology • • • • • • • • • • • • 119


    c. Guerin
    Large Mammal Dispersal Events at the Beginning of the
    Late Villafranchian . • • . . • • • • • • • • . . • . • • . • . . • • • . • • . • • • • • • . • • • • . . . • . 131
    F. Masini and D. Torre

    REGIONAL PAPERS

    Synthesis on the "Aquitanian" Lagomorph and Rodent Faunas of the


    Aquitaine Basin (France) • • • • • • . • • • • • . • • . • • • • • • • . • . • • • • . • • . . • • • • • • . 139
    M. Hugueney and M. Ringeade

    The Faunas and Stratigraphical Subdivisions of the Orleanian


    in the Loire Basin (France) . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . • • 157
    L. Ginsburg

    vii
    A Preliminary Mammal Zonation of the Upper Marine Molasse
    of Switzer land . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
    B. Engesser

    The Faunal Succession in the Bavarian Molasse Reconsidered-


    Correlation of the MN5 and MN6 Faunas • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 181
    K. Heissig

    Stratigraphy of Neogene Mammals of Poland 193


    K. Kowalski

    The Neogene VP Sites of Czechoslovakia: A Contribution


    to the Neogene Terrestric Biostratigraphy of Europe
    Based on Rodents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 211
    0. Fejfar

    FAUNAL DATUM PAPERS

    The "Proboscidean Datum Event:" How Many Proboscideans


    and How Many Events? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . Z37
    P. Tassy

    The Proboscideans Data, Age, and Paleogeography: Evidence


    from the Miocene of Lisbon • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 253
    M. Antunes

    Patterns of Old World Hipparionine Evolutionary Diversification


    and Biogeographic Extension • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 263
    R.L. Bernor, H. Tobien, and M. Woodburne

    The Hipparions of the Lower Axios Valley {Macedonia, Greece).


    Implications for the Neogene Stratigraphy and the
    Evolution of Hipparions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
    G. Koufos

    The Genus Eguus in Europe • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 33 9


    A. Azzaroli

    BIOGEOGRAPHIC SYNTHESIS

    Bioevents and Mammal Successions in the Spanish Miocene • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 357


    S. Moya-Sola and J. Agustf

    The Miocene Rodent Succession in Eastern Spain: A


    Zoogeographical Appraisal • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 375
    J. Agustf

    Gundersheim-Findling, a Ruscinian Rodent Fauna of Asian


    Affinities from Germany • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 405
    G. Storch and 0. Fejfar

    Dynamics of Old World Biogeographic Realms during the


    Neogene: Implications for Biostratigraphy • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 413
    M. Pickford

    PALEOECOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS

    Miocene Paleoecology of Pasalar, Turkey • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 443


    B. Alpagut, P. Andrews, and L. Martin

    viii
    Taphonomic and Sedimentary Factors in the Fossil Record
    of Mammals • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 461
    M.A. Alvarez Sierra, M. Dfaz Molina, J .I. Lacomb a,
    and N. L6pez Martmez

    Relations Between Paleoclimatology and Plio-Pleistocene


    Biostratigraphic Data in West European Countries , , , • , • , , •••• , , , •••• , 475
    M. Bonifay

    Small Mammal Taphonomy 487


    P. Andrews

    MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS

    Hipparion Datum and its Chronologie Evidence in the


    Mediterranean Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
    S. Sen

    The Magnetic Stratigraphy of the Late Miocene Sediments


    of the Gabriel Basin, Spain ••••••• , , • , •• , , , • , , •• , ••• , , , •••• , •••••• , 507
    N. Opdyke, P. Mein, E. Moissenet, A. P~ez-Gonz~ez,
    E. Lindsay, and M. Petko

    Preliminary Magnetostratigraphic Results of Some Neogene


    Mammal Localities from Anatolia (Turkey).••• , , ••• , , •••• , , • , • , , , • , , , 515
    C.G. Langereis, S. Sen, M. Siimengen, and E. Unay

    SEQUENCES OUTSIDE EUROPE

    The Chinese Neogene Mammalian Biochronology- Its Correlation


    with the European Neogene Mammalian Zonation •• , •• , ••••• , , •••• , • • 527
    Z. Qiu

    Key Biostratigraphic Events in the Siwalik Sequence •• , •• , ••• , , , •• , • , • • • • • • • 557


    J. Barry and L. Flynn

    Quo Vadis, Antemus? The Siwalik Muroid Record 573


    L. Jacobs, L. Flynn, W. Downs, and J. Barry

    The African Dimension in European Early Miocene Mammal Faunas ••• , • • • • • • • 587
    R. Savage

    Development and Application of Land Mammal Ages in


    North America and Europe, A Comparison • , , •••• , ••••• , ••••••••• , , , 601
    E. Lindsay and R. Tedford

    NEW PERSPECTIVES

    The Past, the Present, and the Future 625


    V. Fahlbusch and P. Mein

    Contributors . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • . • . . • . 6Z9

    Subject Index • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . • 631

    Taxonomic Index (Mammal Genera) . •• . . . •. . . • . . •. •. . . •. . . . . • . • . . . • . . •. . . 651

    ix

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