Exercise 8.

1
Question 1:
Find the ratio of the following:
(a) Speed of a cycle 15 km per hour to the speed of scooter 30 km per hour.
(b) 50 m to 10 km
(c) 50 paise to ₹ 5

Answer 1:
(a) Speed of cycle = 15 km/hr
Speed of scooter = 30 km/hr
Hence ratio of speed of cycle to that of scooter = 15 : 30
15 1
=  =1:2
30 2
(b) 1 km = 1000 m
 10 km = 10 x 1000 = 10000 m
5m 1
 Ratio = = = 1 : 2000
10000 m 2000
(c) ₹ 1 = 100 paise
 ₹ 5 = 5 x 100 = 500 paise
50 paise 1
Hence Ratio = = = 1 : 10
500 paise 10

Question 2:
Convert the following ratios to percentages:
(a) 3 : 4 (b) 2 : 3

Answer 2:
3
(a) Percentage of 3 : 4 = 100 % = 75%
4
2 2
(b) Percentage of 2 : 3 = 100 % = 66 %
3 3

1
Question 3:
72% of 25 students are good in mathematics. How many are not good in mathematics?

Answer 3:
Total number of students = 25
Number of good students in mathematics = 72% of 25
72
=  25 = 18
100
Number of students not good in mathematics = 25 – 18 = 7
7
Hence percentage of students not good in mathematics = 100 = 28%
25

Question 4:
A football team won 10 matches out of the total number of matches they played. If their
win percentage was 40, then how many matches did they play in all?
Answer 4:
Let total number of matches be x
According to question,
40% of total matches = 10
 40% of x = 10
40
  x  10
100
10 100
 x = 25
40
Hence total number of matches are 25.

Question 5:
If Chameli had ₹ 600 left after spending 75% of her money, how much did she have in
the beginning?

Answer 5:
Let her money in the beginning be ₹ x.
According to question,
x  75% of x  600

2
 75
 x  x  600
100
3
 x  x  600
4
 3
 x 1    600
 4
 43
 x   600
 4 
 x = 600 x 4 = ₹ 2400
Hence the money in the beginning was ₹ 2,400.

Question 6:
If 60% people in a city like cricket, 30% like football and the remaining like other games,
then what percent of the people like other games? If the total number of people are 50
lakh, find the exact number who like each type of game.
Answer 6:
Number of people who like cricket = 60%
Number of people who like football = 30%
Number of people who like other games = 100% – (60% + 30%) = 10%
Now Number of people who like cricket = 60% of 50,00,000
60
=  50,00,000 = 30,00,000
100
And Number of people who like football = 30% of 50,00,000
30
=  50,00,000 = 15,00,000
100
 Number of people who like other games = 10% of 50,00,000
10
=  50,00,000 = 5,00,000
100
Hence, number of people who like other games are 5 lakh.

3
 Exercise 8.2
Question 1:
A man got 10% increase in his salary. If his new salary is ₹ 1,54,000, find his original
salary.

Answer 1:
Let original salary be ₹ 100.
Therefore New salary i.e., 10% increase = 100 + 10 = ₹ 110
New salary is ₹ 110, when original salary = ₹ 100
100
 New salary is ₹ 1, when original salary =
110
100
 New salary is ₹ 1,54,000, when original salary = 154000 = ₹ 1,40,000
110
Hence original salary is ₹ 1,40,000.

Question 2:
On Sunday 845 people went to the Zoo. On Monday only 169 people went. What is the
percent decrease in the people visiting the Zoo on Monday?

Answer 2:
On Sunday, people went to the Zoo = 845
On Monday, people went to the Zoo = 169
Number of decrease in the people = 845 – 169 = 676
676
Decrease percent = 100 = 80%
845
Hence decrease in the people visiting the Zoo is 80%.

1
Question 3:
A shopkeeper buys 80 articles for ₹ 2,400 and sells them for a profit of 16%. Find the
selling price of one article.
Answer 3:
No. of articles = 80
Cost Price of articles = ₹ 2,400
And Profit = 16%
Cost price of articles is ₹ 100, then selling price = 100 + 16 = ₹ 116
116
 Cost price of articles is ₹ 1, then selling price =
100
116
 Cost price of articles is ₹ 2400, then selling price =  2400 = ₹ 2784
100
Hence, Selling Price of 80 articles = ₹ 2784
2784
Therefore Selling Price of 1 article = = ₹ 34.80
80

Question 4:
The cost of an article was ₹ 15,500, ₹ 450 were spent on its repairs. If it sold for a profit
of 15%, find the selling price of the article.
Answer 4:
Here, C.P. = ₹ 15,500 and Repair cost = ₹ 450
Therefore Total Cost Price = 15500 + 450 = ₹ 15,950
Let C.P be ₹ 100, then S.P. = 100 + 15 = ₹ 115
When C.P. is ₹ 100, then S.P. = ₹ 115
115
 When C.P. is ₹ 1, then S.P. =
100
115
 When C.P. is ₹ 15950, then S.P. = 15950 = ₹ 18,342.50
100

2
Question 5:
A VCR and TV were bought for ₹ 8,000 each. The shopkeeper made a loss of 4% on the
VCR and a profit of 8% on the TV. Find the gain or loss percent on the whole transaction.

Answer 5:
Cost price of VCR = ₹ 8000 and Cost price of TV = ₹ 8000
Total Cost Price of both articles = ₹ 8000 + ₹ 8000 = ₹ 16,000
Now VCR is sold at 4% loss.
Let C.P. of each article be ₹ 100, then S.P. of VCR = 100 – 4 = ₹ 96
When C.P. is ₹ 100, then S.P. = ₹ 96
96
 When C.P. is ₹ 1, then S.P. =
100
96
 When C.P. is ₹ 8000, then S.P. =  8000 = ₹ 7,680
100
And TV is sold at 8% profit, then S.P. of TV = 100 + 8 = ₹ 108
When C.P. is ₹ 100, then S.P. = ₹ 108
108
 When C.P. is ₹ 1, then S.P. =
100
108
 When C.P. is ₹ 8000, then S.P. =  8000 = ₹ 8,640
100
Then, Total S.P. = ₹ 7,680 + ₹ 8,640 = ₹ 16,320
Since S.P. > C.P.,
Therefore Profit = S.P. – C.P. = 16320 – 16000 = ₹ 320
Profit 320
And Profit% = 100  100 = 2%
Cost Price 16000

Question 6:
During a sale, a shop offered a discount of 10% on the marked prices of all the items. What
would a customer have to pay for a pair of jeans marked at ₹ 1450 and two shirts marked
at ₹ 850 each?
Answer 6:
Rate of discount on all items = 10%
Marked Price of a pair of jeans = ₹ 1450 and Marked Price of a shirt = ₹ 850
Rate  M.P. 10 1450
Discount on a pair of jeans =  = ₹ 145
100 100

3
  S.P. of a pair of jeans = ₹ 1450 – ₹ 145 = ₹ 1305
Marked Price of two shirts = 2 x 850 = ₹ 1700
Rate  M.P. 10 1700
Discount on two shirts =  = ₹ 170
100 100
 S.P. of two shirts = ₹ 1700 – ₹ 170 = ₹ 1530
Therefore, the customer had to pay = 1305 + 1530 = ₹ 2,835

Question 7:
A milkman sold two of his buffaloes for ₹ 20,000 each. On one he made a gain of 5% and
on the other a loss of 10%. Find his overall gain or loss. (Hint: Find CP of each)
Answer 7:
S.P. of each buffalo = ₹ 20,000
S.P. of two buffaloes = ₹ 20,000 x 2 = ₹ 40,000
One buffalo is sold at 5% gain.
Let C.P. be ₹ 100, then S.P. = 100 + 5 = ₹105
When S.P. is ₹ 105, then C.P. = ₹ 100
100
 When S.P. is ₹ 1, then C.P. =
105
100
 When S.P. is ₹ 20,000, then C.P. =  20000 = ₹ 19,047.62
105
Another buffalo is sold at 10% loss.
Let C.P. be ₹ 100, then S.P. = 100 – 10 = ₹ 90
When S.P. is ₹ 90, then C.P. = ₹ 100
100
 When S.P. is ₹ 1, then C.P. =
90
100
 When S.P. is ₹ 20,000, then C.P. =  20000 = ₹ 22,222.22
90
Total C.P. = ₹ 19,047.62 + ₹ 22,222.22 = ₹ 41,269.84
Since C.P. > S.P.
Therefore here it is loss.
Loss = C.P. – S.P. = ₹ 41,269.84 – ₹ 40,000.00 = ₹ 1,269.84

4
Question 8:
The price of a TV is ₹ 13,000. The sales tax charged on it is at the rate of 12%. Find the
amount that Vinod will have to pay if he buys it.
Answer 8:
C.P. = ₹ 13,000 and S.T. rate = 12%
Let C.P. be ₹ 100, then S.P. for purchaser = 100 + 12 = ₹ 112
When C.P. is ₹ 100, then S.P. = ₹ 112
112
 When C.P. is ₹ 1, then S.P. =
100
112
 When C.P. is ₹ 13,000, then S.P. = 13000 = ₹ 14,560
100

Question 9:
Arun bought a pair of skates at a sale where the discount given was 20%. If the amount
he pays is ₹1,600, find the marked price.
Answer 9:
S.P. = ₹1,600 and Rate of discount = 20%
Let M.P. be ₹ 100, then S.P. for customer = 100 – 20 = ₹ 80
When S.P. is ₹ 80, then M.P. = ₹ 100
100
 When S.P. is ₹1, then M.P. =
80
100
 When S.P. is ₹1600, then M.P. = 1600 = ₹ 2,000
80

Question 10:
I purchased a hair-dryer for ₹ 5,400 including 8% VAT. Find the price before VAT was
added.
Answer 10:
C.P. = ₹ 5,400 and Rate of VAT = 8%
Let C.P. without VAT is ₹100, then price including VAT = 100 + 8 = ₹ 108
When price including VAT is ₹ 108, then original price = ₹ 100

5
 100
 When price including VAT is ₹ 1, then original price =
108
 When price including VAT is ₹ 5400,
100
then original price =  5400 = ₹ 5000
108

6
 Exercise 8.3
Question 1:
Calculate the amount and compound interest on:
1
(a) ₹ 10,800 for 3 years at 12 % per annum compounded annually.
2
1
(b) ₹ 18,000 for 2 years at 10% per annum compounded annually.
2
1
(c) ₹ 62,500 for 1 years at 8% per annum compounded annually.
2
(d) ₹ 8,000 for 1 years at 9% per annum compounded half yearly. (You could the
year by year calculation using S.I. formula to verify).
(e) ₹ 10,000 for 1 years at 8% per annum compounded half yearly.
Answer 1:
(a) Here,
Principal (P) = ₹ 10800, Time  n  = 3 years,
1 25
Rate of interest (R) = 12 %  %
2 2
n
 R 
Amount (A) = P 1  
 100 
3
 25 
= 10800 1  
 2 100 
3
 1 
= 10800  1  
 2 4 
3
 1
= 10800 1  
 8
3
9
= 10800  
8
9 9 9
= 10800   
8 8 8
= ₹ 15,377.34

Compound Interest (C.I.) = A – P = ₹ 10800 – ₹15377.34 = ₹4,577.34

1
(b) Here,
1
Principal (P) = ₹ 18,000, Time  n  = 2 years, Rate of interest (R) = 10% p.a.
2
n
 R 
Amount (A) = P 1  
 100 
2
 10 
= 18000 1  
 100 
2
 1
= 18000 1  
 10 
2
 11 
= 18000  
 10 
11 11
= 18000  
10 10
= ₹ 21,780
1 1 21780 10 1
Interest for years on ₹ 21,780 at rate of 10% = 2 × = ₹ 1,089
2 100
1
Total amount for 2 years = ₹ 21,780 + ₹ 1089 = ₹ 22,869
2
Compound Interest (C.I.) = A – P = ₹ 22869 – ₹ 18000 = ₹ 4,869

(c) Here,
1 3
Principal (P) = ₹ 62500, Time  n  = 1 = years = 3 half-years (compounded
2 2
half yearly)
Rate of interest (R) = 8% = 4% (compounded half yearly)
n
 R 
Amount (A) = P 1  
 100 
2 3
 4   1 
= 62500 1   = 62500 1  
 100   25 
3
 26 
= 62500  
 25 
26 26 26
= 62500    = ₹ 70,304
25 25 25
Compound Interest (C.I.) = A – P = ₹ 70304 – ₹ 62500 = ₹ 7,804

2
(d) Here,
Principal (P) = ₹ 8000, Time  n  = 1 years = 2 half-years(compounded half
yearly)
9
Rate of interest (R) = 9% = % (compounded half yearly)
2
n
 R 
Amount (A) = P 1  
 100 
2
 9 
= 8000 1  
 2 100 
2
 9 
= 8000 1  
 200 
2
 209 
= 8000  
 200 
209 209
= 8000  
200 200
= ₹ 8,736.20
Compound Interest (C.I.) = A – P = ₹ 8736.20 – ₹ 8000 = ₹ 736.20

(e) Here,
Principal (P) = ₹ 10,000, Time  n  = 1 years = 2 half-years (compounded half
yearly)
Rate of interest (R) = 8% = 4% (compounded half yearly)
n
 R 
Amount (A) = P 1  
 100 
2
 4 
= 10000 1  
 100 
2
 1 
= 10000 1  
 25 
2
 26 
= 10000  
 25 
26 26
= 10000   = ₹ 10,816
25 25
Compound Interest (C.I.) = A – P = ₹ 10,816 – ₹ 10,000 = ₹ 816

3
Question 2:
Kamala borrowed ₹ 26,400 from a Bank to buy a scooter at a rate of 15% p.a.
compounded yearly. What amount will she pay at the end of 2 years and 4 months to clear
the loan?

(Hint: Find A for 2 years with interest is compounded yearly and then find SI on the 2 nd
4
year amount for years).
12
Answer 2:
Here,
Principal (P) = ₹ 26,400, Time  n  = 2 years 4 months, Rate of interest (R) = 15%
p.a.
n
 R 
Amount for 2 years (A) = P 1  
 100 
2
 15 
= 26400 1  
 100 
2
 3 
= 26400 1  
 20 
2
 23 
= 26400  
 20 
23 23
= 26400  
20 20
= ₹ 34,914

4 1
Interest for 4 months =  years at the rate of 15%
12 3
1 34914 15 1
= × = ₹ 1745.70
3 100

 Total amount = ₹ 34,914 + ₹ 1,745.70

= ₹ 36,659.70

4
Question 3:
Fabina borrows ₹ 12,500 per annum for 3 years at simple interest and Radha borrows
the same amount for the same time period at 10% per annnum, compounded annually.
Who pays more interest and by how much?
Answer 3:
Here,
Principal (P) = ₹ 12,500, Time  T  = 3 years, Rate of interest (R) = 12% p.a.
P  R  T 12500 12  3
Simple Interest for Fabina = = = ₹ 4,500
100 100
Amount for Radha, P = ₹ 12,500, R = 10% and n = 3 years
n
 R 
Amount (A) = P 1  
 100 
3
 10 
= 12500 1  
 100 
3
 1
= 12500 1  
 10 
3
 11 
= 12500  
 10 
11 11 11
= 12500   
10 10 10
= ₹ 16,637.50
 C.I. for Radha = A – P = ₹ 16,637.50 – ₹ 12,500 = ₹ 4,137.50

Here, Fabina pays more interest = ₹ 4,500 – ₹ 4,137.50 = ₹ 362.50

Question 4:
I borrows ₹ 12,000 from Jamshed at 6% per annum simple interest for 2 years. Had I
borrowed this sum at 6% per annum compound interest, what extra amount would I have
to pay?
Answer 4:
Here,
Principal (P) = ₹12,000, Time  T  = 2 years, Rate of interest (R) = 6% p.a.

5
 P  R  T 12000  6  2
Simple Interest = = = ₹ 1,440
100 100
Had he borrowed this sum at 6% p.a., then
n
 R 
Compound Interest = P 1   P
 100 
2
 6 
= 12000 1    12000
 100 
2
 3 
= 12000 1    12000
 50 
2
 53 
= 12000    12000
 50 
53 53
= 12000    12000
50 50
= ₹ 13,483.20 – ₹ 12,000
= ₹ 1,483.20

Difference in both interests = ₹ 1,483.20 – ₹ 1,440.00 = ₹ 43.20

Question 5:
Vasudevan invested ₹ 60,000 at an interest rate of 12% per annum compounded half
yearly. What amount would he get:
(i) after 6 months?
(ii) after 1 year?

Answer 5:
Here, Principal (P) = ₹ 60,000,
Time  n  = 6 months = 1 half-year (compounded half yearly)
Rate of interest (R) = 12% = 6% (compounded half yearly)
n
 R 
Amount (A) = P 1  
 100 

6
 1
 6 
= 60000 1  
 100 
1
 3 
= 60000 1  
 50 
1
 53 
= 60000  
 50 
53
= 60000  = ₹ 63,600
50
After 6 months Vasudevan would get amount ₹ 63,600.

(ii) Here, Principal (P) = ₹ 60,000,

Time  n  = 1 year = 2 half-years (compounded half yearly)
Rate of interest (R) = 12% = 6% (compounded half yearly)
n
 R 
Amount (A) = P 1  
 100 
2
 6 
= 60000 1  
 100 
2
 3 
= 60000 1  
 50 
2
 53 
= 60000  
 50 
53 53
= 60000   = ₹ 67,416
50 50

After 1 year Vasudevan would get amount ₹ 67,416.

Question 6:
Arif took a loan of ₹ 80,000 from a bank. If the rate of interest is 10% per annum, find the
1
difference in amounts he would be paying after 1 years if the interest is:
2
(i) compounded annually.
(ii) compounded half yearly.

7
Answer 6:
(i) Here,
1
Principal (P) = ₹ 80,000, Time  n  = 1 years, Rate of interest (R) = 10%
2
n
 R 
Amount for 1 year (A) = P 1  
 100 
1
 10 
= 80000 1  
 100 
1
 1
= 80000 1  
 10 
1
 11 
= 80000  
 10 
= ₹ 88,000
1 88000 10 1
Interest for year = = ₹ 4,400
2 100  2
Total amount = ₹ 88,000 + ₹ 4,400 = ₹ 92,400

(ii) Here, Principal (P) = ₹ 80,000,

1
Time  n  = 1 year = 3 half-years (compounded half yearly)
2
Rate of interest (R) = 10% = 5% (compounded half yearly)
n
 R 
Amount (A) = P 1  
 100 
3
 5 
= 80000 1  
 100 
3
 1 
= 80000 1  
 20 
3
 21 
= 80000  
 20 
21 21 21
= 80000    = ₹ 92,610
20 20 20

Difference in amounts = ₹ 92,610 – ₹ 92,400 = ₹ 210

8
Question 7:
Maria invested ₹ 8,000 in a business. She would be paid interest at 5% per annum
compounded annually. Find:
(i) The amount credited against her name at the end of the second year.
(ii) The interest for the third year.
Answer 7:
(i) Here,
Principal (P) = ₹ 8000, Rate of Interest (R) = 5%, Time  n  = 2 years
n
 R 
Amount (A) = P 1  
 100 
2
 5 
= 8000 1  
 100 
2
 1 
= 8000 1  
 20 
2
 21 
= 8000  
 20 
21 21
= 8000   = ₹ 8,820
20 20

(ii) Here,
Principal (P) = ₹ 8000, Rate of Interest (R) = 5%, Time  n  = 3 years
n
 R 
Amount (A) = P 1  
 100 
3
 5 
= 8000 1  
 100 
3
 1 
= 8000 1  
 20 
3
 21 
= 8000  
 20 
21 21 21
= 8000    = ₹ 9,261
20 20 20

Interest for 3rd year = A – P = ₹ 9,261 – ₹ 8,820 = ₹ 441

9
Question 8:
1
Find the amount and the compound interest on ₹ 10,000 for 1 years at 10% per annum,
2
compounded half yearly.
Would this interest be more than the interest he would get if it was compounded
annually?
Answer 8:
Here,
Principal (P) = ₹ 10000, Rate of Interest (R) = 10% = 5% (compounded half yearly)
1
Time  n  = 1 years = 3 half-years (compounded half yearly)
2
n
 R 
Amount (A) = P 1  
 100 
3
 5 
= 10000 1  
 100 
3
 1 
= 10000 1  
 20 
3
 21 
= 10000  
 20 
21 21 21
= 10000    = ₹ 11,576.25
20 20 20
Compound Interest (C.I.) = A – P = ₹ 11,576.25 – ₹ 10,000 = ₹ 1,576.25

If it is compounded annually, then

1
Here, Principal (P) = ₹ 10000, Rate of Interest (R) = 10%, Time  n  = 1 years
2
n
 R 
Amount (A) for 1 year = P 1  
 100 
1
 10 
= 10000 1  
 100 
1
 1
= 10000 1  
 10 
1
 11 
= 10000  
 10 

10
 11
= 10000  = ₹ 11,000
10
1 11000 110
Interest for year = = ₹ 550
2 2 100

 Total amount = ₹ 11,000 + ₹ 550 = ₹ 11,550

Now, C.I. = A – P = ₹ 11,550 – ₹ 10,000 = ₹ 1,550

Yes, interest ₹ 1,576.25 is more than ₹ 1,550.

Question 9:
1
Find the amount which Ram will get on ₹ 4,096, if he gave it for 18 months at 12 % per
2
annum, interest being compounded half yearly.
Answer 9:
Here, Principal (P) = ₹ 4096,
1 25 25
Rate of Interest (R) = 12  % = % (compounded half yearly)
2 2 4
1
Time  n  = 18 months = 1 years = 3 half-years (compounded half yearly)
2
n
 R 
Amount (A) = P 1  
 100 
3
 25 
= 4096 1  
 4 100 
3
 1 
= 4096 1  
 4 4 
3
 17 
= 4096  
 16 
17 17 17
= 4096   
16 16 16
= ₹ 4,913

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Question 10:
The population of a place increased to 54,000 in 2003 at a rate of 5% per annum.
(i) Find the population in 2001.
(ii) What would be its population in 2005?
Answer 10:
(i) Here, A2003 = 54,000, R = 5%, n = 2 years
Population would be less in 2001 than 2003 in two years.
Here population is increasing.
n
 R 
 A2003 = P2001 1  
 100 
2
 5 
 54000 = P2001 1  
 100 
2
 1 
 54000 = P2001 1  
 20 
2
 21 
 54000 = P2001  
 20 
21 21
 54000 = P2001  
20 20
54000  20  20
 P2001 
21 21
 P2001  48,980 (approx.)
(ii) According to question, population is increasing.
Therefore population in 2005,
n
 R 
A2005 = P 1  
 100 
2
 5 
= 54000 1  
 100 
2
 1 
= 54000 1  
 20 
2
 21 
= 54000  
 20 
21 21
= 54000   = 59,535
20 20
Hence population in 2005 would be 59,535.

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Question 11:
In a laboratory, the count of bacteria in a certain experiment was increasing at the rate of
2.5% per hour. Find the bacteria at the end of 2 hours if the count was initially 5,06,000.
Answer 11:
Here, Principal (P) = 5,06,000, Rate of Interest (R) = 2.5%, Time  n  = 2 hours
After 2 hours, number of bacteria,
n
 R 
Amount (A) = P 1  
 100 
2
 2.5 
= 506000 1  
 100 
2
 25 
= 506000 1  
 1000 
2
 1 
= 506000 1  
 40 
2
 41 
= 506000  
 40 
41 41
= 506000   = 5,31,616.25
40 40
Hence, number of bacteria after two hours are 531616 (approx.).

Question 12:
A scooter was bought at ₹ 42,000. Its value depreciated at the rate of 8% per annum. Find
its value after one year.
Answer 12:
Here, Principal (P) = ₹ 42,000, Rate of Interest (R) = 8%, Time  n  = 1 years
n
 R 
Amount (A) = P 1  
 100 
1
 8 
= 42000 1  
 100 

13
 1
 2 
= 42000 1  
 25 
1
 27 
= 42000  
 25 
27
= 42000  = ₹ 38,640
25
Hence, the value of scooter after one year is ₹ 38,640.

14