Good Governance & Social Responsibility PA 20073 IM

Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Office of the Vice President for ACADEMIC AFFAIRS
COLLEGE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Good Governance
and
Social Responsibility
Public Administration 20073
(2nd Semester, AY 2020-2021)
Prepared by:
Antonius C. Umali
Joana Kate Balais (MPA Graduate School student)
Glizer Iris Lovendino (MPA Graduate School student)
North wing (N203), PUP A. Mabini Campus, Anonas Street, Sta. Mesa, Manila 1016
Direct Line: 335-1771 | Trunk Line: 335-1787 or 335-1777 local 731 or 732
Website: www.pup.edu.ph | Email: [email protected]
st
THE COUNTRY’S 1 POLYTECHNICU
Week 1
Overview significance of course

course requirements
grading system
Levelling off and laying down course expectations; grading system and teaching pedagogies
PUP Mission, Vision, Goals
History
Logo and Symbols
Hymn
College Vision and Mission
History
General Learning Objectives
Analyze main philosophical concepts and ideas on the dynamics of public sector, corporate and society
inter-relationships.
Discuss government-business arrangements in community service and identify existing societal public
issues that influence private sector initiatives in promoting the welfare of citizens.
Acquire extensive understanding of shared best practices on public-private interface in improving
communities.
Relate principles and seminal theories on the interaction and role of the public and private sector in
promoting social responsibility.
Examine philosophical foundations which influenced the development and importance of corporate
social responsibility as a good governance platform in the Philippine setting.
Specific Learning Objectives

Discuss the essence and significance of good governance and social responsibility in Public
Administration;
Explain the relationship between social responsibility and good governance;
Apply theoretical and realistic ideas on good governance and social responsibility to current governance
issues;
Analyze the emergence and outcomes of good governance and social responsibility in Philippine Public
Administration (PA) and society;
Examine problems and challenges Good Governance and Social Responsibility face in the Philippine
setting and utilize theoretical knowledge and PA practice in formulating policy actions.
Work From Home (WFH) Week 1

How will our PUP Vision, Mission, History, School Logo and Hymn contribute to our involvement as
individuals, students and people contributing to the growth of society?
Knowing our College vision, mission and history , how can these help in your future career plans?
Week 2 Governance
Comprises all of the processes of governing

Exercise of power or authority by political leaders for the development and welfare of the state and its
people
Government is not the only actor of the government but also Civil Society.
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Governance is essentially aligned with politics because the two aspects discusses about the government,
power, institution, policies etc.
The word governance came from the latin verb “gubernare” originally from the Greek word
“kubernaein” which means to steer. Governance is all about steering, governing, controlling,
maneuvering a state, a group of people and organizations. Reference: www.ibe.unesco.org
During the 1980s, scholars and political scientists expanded the meaning and purpose of government
which includes not only the government but also civil society.
It includes three sectors
Public
Private
Civil Society
The public sector are the state actors and institutions, the private sector includes private companies,
enterprises and households while civil society are the non-governmental organizations. These three
sectors work as one to attain good governance and effective government. Reference:
www.ibe.unesco.org
Corporate Governance Actors Framework

https://insights.diligent.com/entity-governance/what-is-governance-framework
For modern governance and legal operations, a governance structure is essential; it guides how
individuals communicate with the company, regulators and stakeholders in order to guide and track
operations closely.
A governance structure helps to concentrate the strategy of an entity on common themes, including who
has a voice, who makes decisions and who is accountable. It serves as an integral support mechanism, a
system of rules and practices in which the board ensures responsibility, fairness and openness, both in
terms of how the business functions and how it interacts with its stakeholders.
To ensure that the board is continuously updated, a strong governance framework organizes
organizational, risk management, reporting and financial processes. The rules and systems establish a
comprehensive governance framework, and the framework provides the mechanism that guides the
strategic plan. It is vital to the performance of organizations: it allows boards to make considered, data-
based decisions.
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Within the board or management, a good structure will reveal holes or vulnerabilities. A solid structure
supports the organization in various ways to effectively connect leadership with operations outside the
broad governance processes.
A significant fundamental tool for successful board oversight is a governance structure; the process of
creating the framework is often just as important and meaningful as the end product. Governance brings
power and responsibility while empowering an entity to make successful decisions.
These six (6) actors of good governance are all connected to each other as shown in the diagram. The
government represented by the state, is responsible for the implementation of regulations within its
territory to promote development. Government and its institutions will plan and execute the projects
and programs that will benefit the whole community.
Another actor is the International Group/Community, which sets out the desired balance, structure and
system for fostering good governance as the basis of the state. If we are going to track history, the
International Organizations are the first to use and establish the term governance, and it becomes more
comprehensive and precise, of course, with the aid of the State and other groups.
The next actors are NGOs, civil society, organisations that assist the state with its governance by
supporting its advocacy, mandates and other objectives that will contribute to the growth of the state.
Such organizations are very critical because they are the ones that fill the void brought by the
shortcomings of the government.
Last, but most significant, the citizen as the actor. The citizens of the state are the ones who contribute
and benefit from development. The entire society would have slow growth and advancement if the
individuals or people do not participate or are not active members of the state. If all citizens are
productive and participate in government initiatives, the faster development will be achieved.
Reference: www.gdrc.org/UN-ESCAP: What is Good Governance
What is Good Governance?
Method through which power is exercised in the management of country’s political, economic, and
social resources for development. (World Bank 1992)
Manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s social and economic resources
for development. (Asian Development Bank 1995)
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Process whereby societies or organizations make important decisions, determine whom they involve
and how they render account. (Canada Institute of Good Governance 2002)
Good governance is the positive aspect of governance in which the people, society and government
function as one for development. The government is the key actor in governance, but we must not set
aside the engagement and initiative of individuals within the society as well as the groups pushing their
distinct advocacy. www.worldbank.org; www.adb.org; www.Canadianinstitute.com
It measures how public institutions perform public affairs and utilize public resources in a desired
manner. Governance is a decision-making mechanism and a method through which decisions are
enforced. (Gktoday)
It is the exercise of political, economic, social and administrative authority to manage a country’s
resources for development. (Gktoday)
Good Governance has been said to cover: Absolute respect for democratic participation, human rights,
rule of law, multi-stakeholder alliances and accountability processes, political pluralism, openness and
institutions, an efficient and effective public sector, legitimacy, access to knowledge, information and
education, human empowerment, equity, sustainability, and responsibilities-fostering attitudes and
values, tolerance and solidarity. It is a way and process to govern, control, direct certain groups or the
state towards its development. www.gktoday.in
Bad Governance
It is also possible to transform governance on the negative side. Examples of groups or factors that
foster bad governance are:
Organized Crime Syndicates

Powerful and Influential Families
Corrupt Government
Inefficient Government
The syndicate of organized crime and influential/powerful families were a state issue in achieving good
governance. Like their business, their place in the government, they will only promote and preserve their
self-interest and tend to exploit and corrupt government officials, which will lead the government to set
aside the public's welfare. First of all, out of gratitude, they would take action on the complaints and
demands of organized crime groups and influential families. This will lead the state to become
underdeveloped, the public's confidence in the government will vanish, and it will not succeed in
attaining good governance.
Reference: Tamayaosbc.wordpress.com
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The relationships between governments and markets, governments and people, governments and the
private sector and civil society organizations can be studied and evaluated at the international level of
governance. This is where the national government conducts its programs and strategies for the people
and for the state's progress at the national level of governance. It delivers public services in an efficient
and sustainable way, through health care, education and socio-economic growth.
The city government has a very important position on how to make its society participative at the level of
local governance. We have the barangays said to be the smallest, but the most important unit of
society. This is where growth begins. If the programs and initiatives are harmonized by the government
and people, the more society can develop.
Corporate governance is also present at the level of good governance, as the ties between governance
and corporate management are also observed. Corporate and government cultures are not completely
different. In reality, the organization has an established system/ bureaucracy and even corruption is
present. For this reason, corporate governance is included in good governance.
Reference: Tamayaosbc.wordpress.com
Week 2 Work From Home Output
Applying the Philippine context, discuss the different governance actors’ role in promoting good
governance.
Observe proper footnoting/citation of sources and include reference list
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During New Public Administration (1960s to 1970s), the government concentrated on economic
development, with emphasis on being client-oriented, but people's trust and satisfaction was called into
question. During the NPM, the government introduced administrative reforms, re-developed its
personnel system and created a new framework for productivity.
One thing that led to the formation of New Public Management was the continuing search for solutions
to economic problems and the development of a government that works better but with lower costs. This
strategy was conceptualized in order to provide an advanced, efficient and effective government.
However, with respect to New Public Administration, there are several arguments.
An example of this is the argument made by (Denhardt 2003) about the importance of citizenship over
entrepreneurship, not only values people's competitiveness, and thus led to another period that focuses
on the welfare of people as well as the state's socio-economic and political development.
Reference: Brillantes A, Fernandez M (2009). Is there a Philippine Public Administration? Or Better Still,
For whom is the Philippine Administration?
Week 3 Evolution/ History of Good Governance
Governance came from the Greek word “kubernaein” which means to steer. It was initially mentioned in
a 1989 World Bank (WB) publication Governance and Development that was published by the WB in
1992. Good Governance was set as a necessary precondition for development in 1997.
Governance is all about the values of a community of people or a state's administration, oversight,
direction or governance. Good governance is a process or system that regulates in a good way a certain
community or state. As a recent public policy trend, after the independence of many colonized countries
around the world, the complexities of administration have been created.
The obvious weak socio-political and economic performance in the past has been the call for
organizations such as the World Bank, the United Nations, etc. to improve the framework and study on
how to conduct and what the requirements are for good governance to be promoted.
References: The World Bank (1989). Sub-Saharan Africa From Crisis to Sustainable Growth, Washington
D.C,
The World Bank (1992). Governance and Development, Washington D.C
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Tripathi R. (2017). Good Governance: Origin, Importance and Development in India, Jaipur, India.,
International Journal of Development Research
Importance of Good Governance
Promotes transparency in a community or company and accountability

Helping to eliminate or minimize corruption is an obstacle to the growth of a society.
With people's engagement and government action, effective services and policies for society can be
developed.
People, especially citizens of the state, need to be conscious of the need for good governance from the
information gained in the governance debate so that they can work to make it happen. We must learn
and understand how to fight the for people’s rights by learning what to expect from the Philippine
government for their future prosperity and development. It's a description of the universal principles and
the ideal model of governance. What will follow is the Philippines' position with respect to good
governance initiatives.
Reference: World Bank (1991) Managing Development: The Governance Dimension, Washington D.C
It not only gives confidence in government for the local population, but also improves the trust and
decision-making processes that elected officials and officers have.
Encourages constructive elected leaders and public officials. If good governance is practiced, elected
officials and officers will be more confident in performing their roles.
In order to create a democratic state that incorporates the priorities of economic development, the well-
being of people and environmental issues in a way that retains the existing resources for future
generations and allows the efficient use of the latter by the current generation, it is important to
incorporate good governance elements in the daily activities of national governments over a long period
of time. https://www.bing.com/search?
q=importance+of+good+governance+in+development&qs=AS&pq=importance+of+good+governance&sk
=AS2&sc=529&cvid=2D22B8E548A8470AB77834E43F3D648D&FORM=QBRE&sp=3
Helps to perform the legislative functions of local government. Local governments are more likely to
comply with the relevant statutory requirements if decision-making is open and stakeholders can
participate. They would also be less likely to take shortcuts or break the rules.
Good government offers an environment of decision-making in which elected officials and council
officers challenge themselves. Open and transparent decision-making makes it easier to evaluate the
actions of the government in the process equally.
Criteria for Good Governance
Administrative Reforms
Electoral Reforms
Judicial Reforms
Curbing Corruption
Developing A National Outlook
As discussed in the paper, The Role of Good Governance and Development Administration In National
Development, the author listed 5 criteria for good governance namely:
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a.) Good governance relies to a certain degree on bureaucracy and civil society, but it focuses a
great deal on the former. Good governance is very difficult to achieve without the changes of
government officials or leaders including present behaviors of state officials. Multi-faceted strategies for
greater transparency need to be carried out for customer satisfaction and service delivery by all public
servants. This reform is required for a state. However, the form of transition must benefit society. This
must, as described in the report, be a positive administrative change.
b.) Democracy has moved to electoralism, where, for the people they choose to govern, the
masses have the right to choose and vote. Democratic reforms had to precede electoral reforms; with
the freedom of the people to freely exercise their voting rights, free and fair elections could also be
improved. Strict execution of the electoral code of conduct to ensure that the ruling party does not abuse
state machinery to exploit the voting process.
c.) The judiciary is regarded as the common man's last hope. As such, the executive and
legislative branches should operate autonomously and avoid dictations. For good governance, the roles
of justice should set the pace. Tangible steps should be taken to make the judicial system functional,
available, affordable, quick and meaningful, and to uphold the rule of law.
d.) In human society, corruption is now prevalent. Political, monetary, social and administrative
corruption slows down results, productivity, effectiveness, equity, economy, accountability, justice, and
responsiveness. It's worth seeking effective institutionalization and reforms to curb corruption.
e.) In order to foster national unity, the state should strive for tolerance among different ethnic
groups/groups within the political community. Nepotism in our national lives should be jettisoned.
Within national life, any individual culture, partnership, faith or tradition should not strongly influence
the authorities.
Reference: ONICHAKWE, C. (2016): The Role of Good Governance and Development Administration
in National Development, Nigeria, International Journal of Development and Management Review
(INJODEMAR)
Reference: United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
(www.unescap.org/pdd)
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Elements of Good Governance
Participatory
Active involvement of all affected and interested parties in the decision-making process. A recognition of
the limits of a “vertical system” of governance and considered as a strength of Philippine governance.
Eventually, good governance requires the involvement of various segments of society. Involvement
requires the constructive involvement of all involved and affected parties in the decision-making process.
It needs an enabling environment in which relevant information is disseminated efficiently and people
respond in an unconstrained and honest manner. Reference: https://tamayaosbc.wordpress.com
Consensus oriented
When making decisions, governance is consensus-oriented by taking the diverse perspectives of the
participants of society into account.
Conflict resolution mechanisms must be in place because, eventually, disputes resulting from the
conflicting interests of the parties will occur.
Among the things that the Philippines does to encourage consensus-oriented governance are: (1) the
development of a broad-based congressional representation; (2) a two-tiered legislature or
bicameralism that subjects national and district lawmakers to review legislation;and (3) The need for
public hearings or meetings on various policies and acts by the government.
In order to satisfy the consensus, a solid, unbiased, and scalable mediation mechanism must be created.
As such, it is hard to achieve solutions and a great consensus that serves the best interest of society as a
whole. Decision-making would also require their respective interests and obligations to be considered.
The foundations of governance can never be expressed by a unilateral act of policy making by the public
sector or other dominant sectors. As a consequence, public hearings or meetings are necessarily vital in
the governance process in order to achieve consensus.
Reference: https://tamayaosbc.wordpress.com
Accountable
Accountability implies ownership or accountability for one's actions. It is focused on the concept that
each person or group is most responsible for their actions, especially when their actions have an effect
on the public interest.
It strengthened parliamentary scrutiny through legislative investigations and the establishment of
special supervisory committees.
Accountability comes in different forms: accountability is political, hierarchical and managerial.
Public accountability applies to elected officials' accountability to the people they represent. In relation
to their program priorities, hierarchical accountability refers to the ordered accountability of the
different organizations and their respective officers and personnel. Managerial accountability refers to
organizational and individual efficiency-focused employee accountability.
Transparency
A good governance measure implies that individuals are open to awareness of decision-making
processes and how they are implemented.
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Needed not only through government transactions, but also through transactions imbued with public
interests in civil society and the private sector to promote and protect democratic ideals.
In line with its drive to fight corruption, the new administration promotes transparency and dignity in
public service with respect to the government sector. However, the Freedom of Information and other
related legislation, expanding the access of individuals to local government is far from being
significantly applied.
Responsiveness
In a timely and appropriate way, institutions and procedures represent all stakeholders.
The actors and governance systems easily convey the will or desire of the people in a genuine way.
It has the characteristic sought from the private sector and civil society, more is demanded from the
government or the public sector.
Gender equality is rooted in Liberal democracy's values. Gender concerns related to women and their
communities must always be part of the agenda of the public sector and civil society. While in the study
of democratic governance, "Sex and Development" and "Gender Responsiveness" emerge as significant
fields. In the context of 'gendered socialization,' the presence of women in government depends on how
responsive their positions and needs are to the structures and procedures.
Effective and efficient
Enhancing and standardizing the quality of public service delivery in line with international standards,'
professionalizing bureaucracy,' concentrating government efforts on their essential roles, and removing
redundancies or overlaps in functions and activities,' citizen-centered government' and 'improving the
government's financial management framework'.
Good governance requires institutions, systems and people in order to be able to implement and meet
the needs of society in a manner that allows effective use of the available resources. The use of scarce
resources, without any of them being wasted or under-used, implies good governance. Effectiveness
(meeting needs) and sustainability (proper use of resources) must necessarily go hand in hand in order to
ensure the best possible results for society.
Equitable and Inclusive
Equity and inclusiveness means that all members of society must be taken into account in policy-making,
in particular the most disadvantaged or grassroots.
In society, everybody has a stake and no one should feel alienated from it.
Social equity applies to a sort of justice that provides the less privileged members of society with more
opportunities.
To foster equality and inclusiveness, the Government of the Philippines has made extensive efforts. The
Constitution makes one of its state policies the advancement of social justice. The Congress then enacted
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social laws such as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, which aims to free the tenants of farmers
from land bondage.
Rule of law
People express their will and exercise their sovereignty through the law.
It demands that citizens and civil society comply with the law on a regular basis.
It also ensures that the government operate within the boundaries of the law's jurisdiction and
functions.
In the history of the Philippines, democracy is the rule of law. It is by legislation that citizens
communicate their will and exercise sovereignty. It is an intrinsic democratic concept that the
government is of law and not of men, which places no one above the law, no matter how rich and
powerful. Not even the government can act unilaterally in violation of the law. So, in practice, good
democratic governance is adherence to the rule of law.
Four Dimensional Framework of Good Governance

(World Bank)
Public Sector Management

Public Expenditure Management (Public investments, budget planning, budget process)
Civil Service Reform (to manage less but to manage better)
Reform of Public Enterprises (Privatisation, strengthening management of PSEs, improving competitive
conditions)
If the government's ability to control the economy and to provide services to the public is poor, progress
towards growth is slow. There is an issue with tax collection and control, there is a poor public staff
system, and the policies planned and enforced are often not well implemented to resolve these issues.
This is why the World Bank has established this dimension in order to ensure that the government is able
to prepare and process its budget properly, that the civil service is strengthened, and that the
restructuring of public enterprises is put into effect.
For each element of good governance, relate its practice in Philippine Public Administration particularly
problem areas in governance.
Observe proper footnoting/citation of sources and include reference list
Week 4 Four Dimensional Framework of Good Governance

(World Bank)
Accountability
Innovation in the Bank’s sphere of action, “the heart of governance” where it is “holding public officials
responsible for their actions.”
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Horizontal (internal) and vertical (external) accountability.
This is about the government's duty to the public for their actions. In the article/discussion, the World
Bank claimed that the problems that need to be resolved are economic and financial transparency. In
terms of auditing, accounting, planning on the programs being undertaken by the government, the
government must have changes and reforms.
Predictability and Legal Framework for development
Significant contribution to a fair and just society and thus to social growth and poverty alleviation
prospects
Emphasis on judicial reform, legislative reforms, and legal education and training development.
The rule of law is the legal component of a country's good governance.
These are the collection of guidelines and procedures for policies to be followed. The World Bank has
defined some of the fundamental elements that must be observed in order to achieve good governance:
a set of consistent rules must be developed in advance; these rules must actually be in force; the
implementation of the rules must be flexible and can be adopted in a number of circumstances. A
binding decision by an independent judicial body must be taken and, ultimately, there should be an
openness to amend or revise the rules when they are no longer functional.
Transparency and Information
Economic Efficiency
Prevention of Corruption
Analysis, articulation and acceptance of governmental policy choices
It must provide accountability and credible information in order for the government to gain the public's
sympathy. These two facets of society are very significant. The value of accountability and accurate
information to tackle corruption was addressed in the article. Corruption in society is a very old and
blatant problem. But with accountability and accurate facts, if the government practices this type of
problem, people will be aware and updated. These two components may be able to minimize corruption
in any way.
Six Dimensional Framework

(World Governance Indicators)
Voice and Accountability
Public opinion to which citizens of a country can engage the government, as well as freedom of speech,
freedom of association and free media.
Political Stability and Lack of Violence
Capturing views of the possibility that the administration, including politically motivated violence and
terrorism, will be destabilized or overthrown by illegal or violent means.
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Under the four dimensional model, speech and transparency have almost the same pattern. It is all
about the interest of the people in choosing their government and freedom of choice. It is said that it is
all about a democratic process in which people have the right to vote and to be heard by the
government.
Political stability and lack of conflict is one predictor that varies from the other frameworks. If the
government is stable and works well, it would satisfy the people and contribute to less crime and
terrorism. This is mainly present in first-world nations such as the United States, Japan, the United
Kingdom, where there is minimal resentment on government. Unlike in the third world and developing
countries like the Philippines, because of unsatisfied individuals, the influence of communism is still
there.
Reference: Kaufmann-Kraay-Matruzzi World Governance Indicators- World Bank
Government Effectiveness
Perceptions of the quality of public services, the quality of the civil service and the degree of its freedom
from political constraints, the quality of policy development and execution, and the legitimacy of the
government's commitment to these policies are identified.
Regulatory Quality
Capturing expectations of the government's ability to formulate and enforce sound policies and
regulations that permit and facilitate the growth of the private sector.
The efficacy of the government is the context where the quality of public service is measured. Of course,
if there is a successful policy being enforced and the development is seen and witnessed by the people,
the government is efficient. Regulatory quality is all about policy formulation and implementation and a
set of rules which protect and promote the growth of the private sector. The private sector and industry
have been given significance and value since the advent of public administration as modern public
management and as governance. To date, the private sector has been one of the key contributors to
development, which is why the government has been able to formulate policies and regulations on how
to promote its welfare.
Rule of Law
Perceptions of the degree to which agents trust and comply with the laws of society and, in particular,
the standard of contract compliance, property rights, police and courts, and the possibility of crime and
violence are documented.
Control of Corruption
It captures perceptions of the degree to which public influence, including both small and large forms of
corruption, is exercised for private benefit, as well as the "capture" of the state by rulers and private
interests.
The rule of law is an indicator where laws must be defined in the state and people must be law-abiding
citizens. The collection of rules and regulations is being put to the test whether the state and citizens are
efficient and effective. The last measure is corruption prevention. Time and again, the system is a very
old problem. Corruption regulation is the state's most difficult enemy since it is related to illicit drug
trafficking, the emergence of armed terror groups, weak governance, and many negative impacts that
will lead to underdevelopment of the state.
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Work From Home Output 4
Civil Service Reform (“to manage less but to manage better”). Explain this principle then identify and
discuss a specific example based on the present context. Comment on its outcome (success or failure) by
providing details to support your position.
Reform of Public Enterprises (Privatisation, strengthening management of Public Sector Enterprises
-PSEs, improving competitive conditions). Provide a specific case related to this reform area in
governance. Explain your answer.
Observe proper footnoting/citation of sources and include reference list.
Week 5 Philippine Context of Good Governance
One of the policies in the Philippines to recognize the good works of LGUs in terms of transparency and
accountability is The Seal of Good Local Governance Act of 2019 implemented by the DILG, Government
Best Practice Recognition (GBPR) of DAP and PRAISE of the Civil Service Commission.
With the support and partnership of NGAs, GOCCs, LGUs, SCUs and the private sector in the Philippines,
it provided benchmarks to operationalize and contextualize Good Governance.
The Philippines is a very young state in terms of government, compared to Western and First World
nations. However, there are good policies and programs that are being introduced by the government to
promote good governance. The policies and programs mentioned in the presentation used Maslow's
theory of motivation. The government and these organizations believe that if the LGUs are rewarded for
their best practices, they will work better and continue to improve services delivery. LGUs are inspired
and motivated by the recognition and awards given by good governance advocates from the national
government and non-government organizations for replication.
Reference: https://dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/issuances/memo_circulars/dilg-memocircular-
2019321_7c6fbfe9e0.pdf
https://lgrc.lga.gov.ph/Media/uploads/NCR_resources_SGLG.pdf
Government Agencies Promoting Good Governance

The Development Academy of the Philippines (DAP) is a government owned and controlled corporation
mandated to: https://www.dap.edu.ph/about-us/
1) generate pioneering, value-adding, synergistic ideas, concepts, principles, techniques and
technologies addressing development problems of local, national and international significance;
2) capacitating individuals and development stakeholder organizations in government, the private
sector, civil society, academe, and international organizations to perform their respective roles and
mandates in development more efficiently and effectively; and
3) promote partnerships and facilitate the integration of policies, plans, programs, and systems towards
a holistic perspective, through the conduct of training, education, policy/action-oriented researches,
consulting/technical assistance, and publications in good governance and productivity improvement.
www.dap.edu.ph/about-us/
The DAP is a government agency that seeks to help the Philippines by serving as a catalyst for reform
and as a capacity-builder in its development efforts. DAP helps to form new government policies, develop
programs for growth and modernize the management of government agencies and private enterprises.
Among the professional services provided by the Academy are: training and education; technical
assistance; consultancy; research; advocacy; publications in the areas of governance, competitiveness
and efficiency and management. The DAP implements government projects, particularly national line
agencies, local government units, and government agencies. It also carries out private sector initiatives,
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including international donor organizations, private companies, NGOs, and academia. DAP offers public
training courses and provides updates on the study which was conducted on its website.
Reference: https://www.dap.edu.ph/about-us/
DAP Awardees of Good Governance
Awardees of DAP
Local Government of Carmona, Cavite: Service Framework for Education and Rehabilitation of Persons
with Disability.
Schools Division of Santiago City, Isabela – Dubinan Elementary School: Working Together for a
Sustainable and Eco-friendly School and Community
Philippine Heart Center: Philippine Heart Center Partnership with PhilHealth in Z Benefits Cardiac
Surgery Impacts on Hospital Governance
Philippine Health Insurance Corporation: PhilHealth CARES Project
Government Service Insurance System – Operations Group: Electronic Billing and Collection System
(eBCS)
City Government of Muntinlupa: Single Window Transaction (SWiT) - Modified Business One-Stop Shop
(MBOSS)
Philippine Children’s Medical Center: Adopt-a-Room: A Financing Innovation by the Philippine Children’s
Medical Center Workforce
Government Service Insurance System - Laguna Branch: Customer Journey Mapping Towards World
Class Service
Department of Science and Technology Regional Office IX: Laboratory Online Referral System: An
Innovation in Government Service Delivery
Philippine Statistics Authority – Regional Statistical Office I: Juan Click Info System - Module on e-
Notification: Addressing Queues & Verifying Status of Documents
City Government of Valenzuela: Disiplina Village - Bagong Bahay, Bagong Buhay: Complete In-City
Housing Package for Disaster Preparedness and Resiliency
City Government of Valenzuela: Education 360 Degrees Investment Program; and, Social Security
System: AlkanSSSya Program: Towards Intensified Coverage of the Informal Sector
Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines: Early Issuance of Search Report
Philippine Health Insurance Corporation – Palawan Local Health Insurance Office: P6.60 Hulog kada
Araw para sa Kalusugan ng Pamilya
Philippine Ports Authority – Port Management Office of Misamis Oriental/Cagayan De Oro: Fostering a
Green Culture for Port Operations and Management
Philippine Science High School Central Luzon Campus: Kina[book]asan ng Kanaynayan
Provincial Government of South Cotabato: Championing the Culture of Integrity: Institutionalization of
South Cotabato Integrity Circle
The Government Best Practice Recognition (GBPR) is an initiative of the Philippine Development
Academy (DAP) to promote and highlight the outstanding and creative practices exhibited by public
sector organizations. Government Best Practice 2019 (Recognizing effective and validated practices
demonstrated by public sector organizations.Strategic responses from DAP to increased demand for
public sector organizations to continue to improve service quality. Eighteen (18) entries have already
been selected and accepted since 2015, (based on 2018 records). Best practices are the building blocks
and strategy formula for achieving organizational results, applicable strategies, quality services and
organizational effectiveness. Best practices are small victories that have had a major impact and a major
shift in how public sector organizations provide services as they expand, evolve and increase over time.
How to identify the best practice:
Results-oriented- In order to determine the level of achievement / success, a best practice needs to have
a consistent and suitable set of performance measures.
Systematic and Data-driven-A best practice is an approach that follows a step-by-step structured
procedure, and can be replicated and transferred (technique, methodology / approach or process).
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Innovative- “Adoption of a concept, method, technology, product or business/performance model that is
either creative or unique to its proposed application" can be a best practice, generating major or
"breakthrough"/"cutting-edge" improvements in efficiency, outcome, process and organizational
performance.
Stakeholder-centered-Organizations must ensure that the needs and requirements in the development
and implementation of best practice are taken into account by all stakeholders or interested parties,
internal or external.
Reference: https://www.doe.gov.ph/sites
https://www.dap.edu.ph/government-best-practice-recognition-2018
Case Study : DAP declares VSU as one of the ten winners for its model productivity and performance
management system
Visayas State University’s innovative and ground-breaking operational Strategic Performance

Management System (SPMS) is one of the ten national winners of the Government Best Practice
Recognition (GBPR) 2020, the Development Academy of the Philippines (DAP) announced on October
23, 2020.
VSU’s Strategic Performance Management System (SPMS) is a highly replicable outputs/outcomes-
oriented performance evaluation system that introduces various indicators, tools, and templates as an
instrument for filling the gap towards effective organizational planning and quality performance.
“With VSU’s operational SPMS winning the competition, it will be included in the Center of Excellence
for Public Sector Productivity’s (COE-PSP) Knowledge Bank where it can be publicly accessed online by
other government agencies. It is a big honor to VSU and many will benchmark from us”, Dr. Cano
explained.
As part of his presentation, President Tulin also bared VSU’s plans in the coming months, which includes
fully automating the Human Resource Information System (HRIS), preparing for the Level 3 accreditation
under the Program to Institutionalize Meritocracy and Excellence in Human Resource Management
(PRIME-HRM), creating an SPMS operations manual which may also be of help to other agencies, and
conducting virtual training on utilizing SPMS among State Universities and Colleges - Association of
Colleges of Agriculture in the Philippines (SUC-ACAP).
https://www.vsu.edu.ph/articles/news/1869-dap-declares-vsu-as-one-of-the-ten-winners-for-its-model-
productivity-and-performance-management-system Written by Allen Glen Gil Published: 05 November
2020
The Government Best Practice Recognition is a DAP initiative, which aims to promote, showcase, and
share outstanding and innovative practices demonstrated by public sector organizations. It serves as a
harmonizing strategy to advance the public sector productivity movement among Asian Productivity
Organization (APO) member countries.
The awards ultimately strive to foster knowledge sharing of innovations that have been proven effective
and helpful in improving organizational productivity and performance in the public sector.
The GBPR complements the Public Sector Innovation Laboratory (PSP-InnoLab) under the Government
Quality Management Program (GQMP) and is in partnership with the Center of Excellence for Public
Sector Productivity (COE-PSP) towards fostering innovation and transformative ideas in creating
approaches and solutions by government agencies in improving the quality and impact of their
respective services to the public.
https://www.vsu.edu.ph/articles/news/1869-dap-declares-vsu-as-one-of-the-ten-winners-for-its-model-
productivity-and-performance-management-system Written by Allen Glen Gil Published: 05 November
2020
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How can DAP awardees for good institutional governance be replicated in your community?
Select a Good Governance DAP awardee and explain your reasons for choosing this particular
institution. Identify another government agency which may learn from this best practice to improve
service delivery performance . Justify your answer.
Week 6 Government Agency Promoting Good Governance
Department of Interior and Local Government (SGLG): The Seal of Good Local Governance Act of 2019
It is an award, incentive, honor and recognition-based program for all LGUs and an ongoing effort for
LGUs to advance, strengthen and improve their success in the provision of public services.
The Good Local Governance (SGLG) Seal derived from the Good Housekeeping Seal (SGH). It is the
response of departments to people's clamor for dignity and results in public service. Consequently, SGLG
encourages local governments to follow good governance practices while offering quality public services.
The Seal of Good Local Governance symbolizes local governments ' competence and good results. Today
and in the years to come, it is a continuing challenge for provincial, city, and local governments to do
better.
Reference: http://www.region6.dilg.gov.ph/index.php/programs/63-accountable-lgus/410-seal-of-good-
local-governance-sglg
https://dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/issuances/memo_circulars/dilg-memocircular-2019321_7c6fbfe9e0.pdf
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2019/04apr/20190412-RA-11292-RRD.pdf
SGLG areas for improvement of performance
Maintain transparency and accountability practices in the use of funds

Preparing for problems posed by unexpected natural calamities
Showing willingness to assist and attention to the needs of disadvantaged and oppressed segments of
society
Establishing, enforcing and maintaining health policies and services to improve and support the public's
well-being, lifestyle and protection, ensuring that all residents have equal opportunities for better
health.
Instituting reforms and initiatives in education to enhance the standard of education
Promoting pro-competitive policies and government initiatives that foster business productivity and
consumer welfare
Protecting constituents from threats to life and property harm
Safeguarding and protecting environmental sustainability by means of adaptive social responsibility
The protection of local culture and heritage, promoting their values and relevance for tourism and
opportunity.
DILG has defined areas for development in its SGLG program, so that LGUs can continue to grow and
evolve from time to time. It is said that the local government units' bucket list is about when they can
concentrate on meeting the requirements set by the DILG.
Reference: https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2019/04apr/20190412-RA-11292-RRD.pdf
The SGLG covers the 81 provinces, 145 cities and 1,489 municipalities. The DILG regional office and filed
offices will be primarily involved in regional sector with the help and partnership with NGOs, CSOs, LGIs
and NGAs.
Reference:https://dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/issuances/memo_circulars/dilg-memocircular
2019321_7c6fbfe9e0.pdf
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Criteria of Seal of Good Local Governance Act of 2019 (Reference:

https://dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/issuances/memo_circulars/dilg-memocircular-2019321_7c6fbfe9e0.pdf)
Good Fiscal or Financial Administration

A good and optimistic economic performance has to be demonstrated by LGUs.
Fiscal discipline and procedure must be complied with as must transparency and accountability and full
disclosure policy.
The LGU's financial statements must be sent for due review and liquidation to the Commission of Audit.
Budget utilization should be 100 percent.
Disaster Preparedness
By developing plans and steps that are required, it refers to the readiness and alertness for any
catastrophe, natural or man-made calamity.
Availability of Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan
Creation of Disaster Risk Management Plan
Enhancement and strengthening of Local/ City Disaster and Risk Management Officer
Social Protection and Sensitivity Program

This applies to the social needs of its people and the protection of their interests.
Access to justice must be given, especially in cases of violence against women and children.
Empowerment of the PWDs accessibility to public places like centers, hospitals, parks etc.
Protection of Indigenous People in compliance with Indigenous Peoples Right Act of 1997
Health Compliance and Responsiveness

This is the ability of the LGU to successfully enforce and provide public health programs within its
authority.
Access to healthy, safe and accessible food must be maintained by the LGUs.
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Daily physical activity must take place in the community and schools.
Illegal substances and cigarette smoking must be banned and regulated accordingly.
Implementation of immunization programs and local monitoring systems to track the provision of health
services
Programs for Sustainable Education

Education improvements and services that would provide fair access to quality education must be
implemented by the LGU.
The form of education must cultivate youth leadership, nationalism and patriotism.
Child development centers should be set up to support the special education system and alternative
learning systems for out-of-school youth.
Business Friendliness and Competitiveness

Refers to the LGUs initiative to promote investment and encourage local business enterprises.
In order to have sustainable business growth, policies and legislation must create investment
opportunities.
A friendly and simplified business processing and licensing system must be in place.
Citizen’s Charter to direct tax payers and employees.
Safety, Peace and Order

In terms of peace and order in the community, this aspect is all about establishing good and respectable
performance.
A Local Anti-Criminality Plan must be adopted
The local police must have a good relationship and support.
An Anti-Drug Abuse Council should be established.
A community-oriented policy mechanism should be implemented.
Environmental Management
It is the initiative of the LGUs to develop a policy and program focused on solid waste management and
ecological balance that will preserve and protect the environment.
Social consciousness and social responsibility programs must be promoted by LGUs
The ecological balance within their territorial jurisdiction must be managed and maintained.
Standards must set by provisions of Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
Must Establish Material Recovery Facility
Tourism, Heritage Development, Culture and Arts

This refers to the protection and promotion, through local culture, heritage and national Identity of
LGUs. Location or historical legacy by preserving and marketing the features for which the place was
known.
The local tourism office at LGU must be present.
An established tourism data tracking system should be in place.
Presence of the Local Council for Culture and Arts Promotion
Youth Development
The capacity of LGUs to promote and develop effective, responsive mechanisms to promote the
participation of young people in local governance and nation-building.
There must be a local program for youth development, a Council of Youth and an Office of Youth
Development.
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Answer in Filipino.
Comment on the role of the DILG in promoting good governance at the local level. Describe how the
DILG helps LGUs in their capacity development.
Week 7 Awardees Seal of Good Local Governance 2016 to 2019
Only 306 out of 1715 passed the criteria of the Seal of Good Local Governance in 2016 equivalent to
17.84%.Local capacity development must be prioritized by the national government.
Reference: https://dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/reports_resources/dilg-reports-resources-
20161027_8441b747a6.pdf
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Out of 1715 only 449 were given the 2017 Seal of Good Local Governance equivalent to 26.18% of the
total number of LGUs. It indicates that the national government needs to hasten the capacitation of
LGUs.
2018125_ddbe4d4754.pdf
Only 263 out 1715 are awardees of the Seal of Good Local Governance 2018 equivalent of only 15.33%, a
very low turnout since 2016. This shows that the LGUs and Regional Offices needs to work hard to
strictly comply with the SGLG criteria.
2018101_0cf6f6f1dc.pdf
Page 22 of 53
Out of 1715 only 380 became recipients of the Seal of Good Local Governance in 2019 equivalent to
only 22.15%. It surpassed the 2018 SGLG awardees with a total of 117 increasing by 30.79% . By and
large, this is still not a good sign of significant local governance development due to slow replication
of awardees for other low performing LGUs to improve on their performance.
20191017_6110403d59.pdf
This is the four-year monitoring of SGLG award winners from 2016-2019. It showed that there is an
inconsistent performance of SGLG awardees in the provinces, cities and municipalities due to political
problems, natural disasters, corruption, capacity issues on the part of local chief executives and
sanggunian members in formulating relevant local legislation and execution of the SGLP indicators.
20161027_8441b747a6.pdf
https://dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/reports_resources/dilg-reports-resources-2018125_ddbe4d4754.pdf
https://dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/reports_resources/dilg-reports-resources-2018101_0cf6f6f1dc.pdf
https://dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/reports_resources/dilg-reports-resources-20191017_6110403d59.pdf
Government Agency Promoting Good Governance
Civil Service Commission
The Lingkod Bayan (PLB) Presidential Award is awarded to an individual or group of individuals for
outstanding or extraordinary contributions resulting from an idea or performance that has had a
national impact on the public interest, security and heritage. A suggestion, innovation, invention or
superior accomplishment may be the contribution to good governance.
The award given by the Civil Service Commission to outstanding or exceptional contributions made by a
community or an individual. The criteria to be an awardee are innovation, invention or superior
achievement that has had a significant impact on the public interest and practice good governance.
Reference: http://www.csc.gov.ph/programs/71-honor-awards-program-hap.html
Page 23 of 53
http://www.csc.gov.ph/new-updates/1879-search-for-lingkod-bayani-in-government-service-on.html
http://www.csc.gov.ph/phocadownload/MC2019/MC%20No.%2001,%20s.%202019.pdf
Among the SGLG criteria, identify those which most likely influence business to be involved in CSR
activities in a local community. Explain your answer.
Week 8 Gawad Kalinga (GK) as a Partner of Good Governance
As a partner of government, Gawad Kalinga is developing a country empowered by people of faith and
patriotism.
A country of cultures love and sharing
A committed society aimed at eradicating poverty and restoring human dignity.
Since 2003, GK has been in the nation-building sector, dedicated to building peaceful and sustainable
societies.
A very significant community that promotes good governance is Gawad Kalinga. The metrics and
standards set by Gawad Kalinga have already been trusted by the government and other groups.
Reference: http://gk1world.com/downloads/GK_Annual_Report_2010.pdf
Key Dimensions of Gawad Kalinga as Model of Philippine Governance
Gawad Kalinga as a Emerging Model for Development

Gawad Kalinga as a Converging point for partnership
Gawad Kalinga as a Template for Good Governance
As a model for the Philippine government, the main dimensions of Gawad Kalinga were set. It has 7
initiatives that foster socio-economic growth, environmental awareness, improvement in education and
health awareness.
Component Programs of Gawad Kalinga
GK Tatag (Shelter and Site Development)

Gawad Kalusugan (Community Health)
Sibol, Sagip and Siga (Education/ child and youth development)
Gawad Kabuhayan (Productivity and livelihood)
Kapitbahayan (Community Organizing and empowerment)
Mabuhay (Culture and Tourism)
Green Kalinga (Environment)
Gawad Kalinga's 7 component programs are associated with the MDGs and sustainable development
goals. It almost encompasses all the support and growth issues required by the state for good
government. They incorporate and adopt the 7 component programs set up by Gawad Kalinga with the
assistance of the local community, national government, local government and private groups.
Galing Pook Awards
On October 21, 1993, the Galing Pook Awards were launched as a groundbreaking initiative that seeks
and honors creative activities by units of local government. In a very prestigious awards ceremony, LGU
finalists with excellent programs are carefully chosen and winners are honored.
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The Galing Pook award winners are selected from a nationwide quest of local government services,
assessed through a comprehensive multi-level screening process focused on positive outcomes and
effects, fostering engagement and empowerment of residents, creativity, transferability and
sustainability, and program service delivery effectiveness.
This award serves as LGU's incentive to become more effective and more successful in delivering
services. The Galing Pook Awards, with their collection of criteria and conditions, are held annually.
Reference: http://www.galingpook.org/awards
Promoting local governance excellence through appreciation, knowledge sharing and promoting efforts
to replicate best practices at the local level.
Encourage collaborations between local, national and global civil society groups, the private sector and
government agencies to enhance the quality of life.
Its aim is to encourage the best practices awarded by the Galing Pook Awards to other LGUs. All in all,
not only nationally but also globally, it will establish a domino effect of growth.
Eligibility and Selection Criteria

For a program to be considered for the Galing Pook Awards, it must meet the following minimum
requirements:
It must have involved or engaged processes within a local government unit (barangay, municipality, city,
or province) even if the program might have been initiated (either independently or jointly) by an NGO,
CSO and/or an LGU.
It must have been in operation for at least one (1) year before the deadline of submission.
It must have verifiable and significant results.
Positive Results and Impact 30%

Promotion of People’s Participation and 30%
Empowerment
Innovation 15%
Transferability and Sustainability 15%
Efficiency of Program Service Delivery 10%
TOTAL 100%
The selection criteria must based on the impact of the delivery of service to the public if it is beneficial
and effective.
10 outstanding LGUs recognized at 25th Galing Pook Awards October 12, 2018
The Galing Pook Awards select the best local government activities annually and exchange details on
these valuable replication projects. Over the years, the awards cited 319 initiatives from at least 200
LGUs, rating them on their positive outcomes and effects, their people's empowerment, transferability
and sustainability, creativity, and efficacy of their program service delivery.
https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1768834/Manila/Local-News/10-outstanding-LGUs-recognized-at-
25th-Galing-Pook-Awards#:~:text=10%20outstanding%20LGUs%20recognized%20at%2025th%20Galing
%20Pook,-%20Iloilo-Batiano%20River%20Development%20Project%20More%20items...
Page 25 of 53
In Filipino, discuss how GK can be (provide each with GK best practices) ;

An Emerging Model for Development
A Converging point for partnership
A Template for Good Governance
Week 9 Winners of Galing Pook Awards 2018

1. Bindoy, Negros Oriental - Ridge to Reef (R2R) Program

2. Cagayan de Oro City - “No Vote, Ibot” No More: Ending the Political Bondage in Resettlement
Areas by Providing Security of Tenure
3. Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte - Siargao It Up! Mangrove Management and Social Tourism
Program
4. Iloilo City - Iloilo-Batiano River Development Project
5. Loboc, Bohol - Reviving the Musical Tradition and Heritage by Empowering People through
the Loboc Music Program
6. Naga City - Barangay eSkwela and Barangay Literacy Worker Program
7. Navotas City - ACHIEVE: Accessible, Holistic and Inclusive Education
8. San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte - Preserving Local Cultural Heritage
9. Tagum City, Davao del Norte - Tagumpay Works Program
10. Valenzuela City - Tayo Na Mapayapang Valenzuela: Tuloy-tuloy ang Asenso! The Valenzuela
City Comprehensive Safety and Security Program
Challenges in attaining good governance

Reference: http://www.neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/CHAPTER-7.pdf
Public Service Delivery

The delivery of public services must be effective and efficient to the public
There is a policy being implemented by the government like ARTA of 2007,
Ease of Doing Business but there are still issues and problems in promoting Good Governance.
Corruption is still linked to the efficiency and effectiveness of public service delivery
Integrity
Through the intervention of the Office of the Ombudsman, the government takes action against
the wrongdoings of government officials and government workers.
There are still dishonest ones, though, exploiting their authority and advancing their benefit.
The government's issues with character and attitude are viewed as a major challenge to the
government.
Rule of Law
Because of the issue of policy making and, of course, its execution including the justice system
are very weak in the Philippines.
Law and order for growth and good governance.
The state will develop and citizens will be more productive if there are very good policies that
are properly and consistently being implemented.
Citizen’s Participation
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One of the best attributes of Philippine governance is citizens' participation. However, if not
facilitated well, it will cause inefficiency and ineffectiveness.
The type of participation that citizens need to contribute to the development of the state is
meaningful engagement with government. It will most likely lead to slow political development
if genuine citizens participation is not satisfied.
Political Processes and Systems

Because of the rampant corruption and ineffective system, the political process in the
Philippines needs to be reformed.
There is a problem with the dominance of the local and national elite and self-interest, as well as
the power of private institutions, which also hinders development because of their power and
influence.
Gender Roles in Governance Structures

There is still an issue with the enforcement of women's rights. There's a power imbalance and
violence is present.
However, as there is a gender movement and the LGBTQ++ community is demanding equality,
the government has formulated and enforced policies on how to protect women's rights and
addressed their concerns.
Given the enumerated challenges in local governance normally encountered by Galing Pook
awardees, what do you suggest as a student of government in dealing with each problem
situation.
Observe proper footnoting (APA style) and include reference list.
Week 10 What is Social Responsibility?
It is an ethical concept that implies that an individual, whether an entity or a person, has a duty
to act for the good of society as a whole.
Social responsibility is a duty that every person has to perform in order to maintain a balance
between the ecosystem and the economy.
It's an instrument for achieving sustainability. Adopting core social responsibility values, such as
accountability and openness, would help guarantee every organization or program's long-term
stability and sustainability.
The philosophy of social responsibility is based on an ethical structure in which, before
proceeding, decisions and actions must be ethically reviewed. If the behavior or judgment were
detrimental to society or the community then it will be viewed as socially irresponsible. The
moral principles inherent in nature make a distinction between right and wrong. In this way, it is
thought (by most) that "right" is social justice, but more often than not, this "fairness" is absent.
Each person has a duty to behave in ways that benefit society and not just the individual.
To help organizations assess and resolve their social obligations, the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) released an international standard, ISO 26000, in 2010. ISO 26000-
2010: Social Responsibility Guidance describes social obligation as:
An organization's responsibility for the consequences on society and the environment of its
decisions and activities, through open and ethical actions that:
Contributes to sustainable growth, such as health and social well-being;
Takes into consideration stakeholder preferences;
Complies with relevant laws and is compliant with international standards of conduct;
Is incorporated in the group and practiced in its interactions.
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By paying particular attention to their effect on society and the ecosystem, organizations may
achieve sustainability. Transparent, ethical action ensures an approach that helps preserve
society and the environment's long-term success.
The triple bottom line, also known as "people, planet, and profit." is another tenet of social
responsibility. This is the assumption that it does not take harm to the planet or the abuse of
people to achieve profit. Although still taking care of the world and individuals, organizations
will benefit.
Reference:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_responsibility
https://www.pachamama.org/social-justice/social-responsibility-and-ethics
https://asq.org/quality-resources/social-responsibility
Nature and History
The origins of social responsibility in a modern sense can be traced back to the now
controversial article written in 1970 by Milton Friedman. In the New York Times, this Nobel
Prize-winning economist wrote that social responsibility is a "fundamentally disruptive concept
in a free society.“
John Elkington, in Cannibals with Forks in 1999, offers a counterpoint to Friedman's viewpoint.
The idea of the "triple bottom line," was introduced by Elkington, claiming that concern for
society and the environment should coexist with a desire for profit.
Milton Friedman On The Social Responsibility of Business, 50 Years Later (Taylor Tepper Forbes
Advisor Staff Updated: Sep 16, 2020, 8:23am)
https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/milton-friedman-social-responsibility-of-business/
Milton Friedman’s epochal essay, “The Social Responsibility of Business Is To Increase Its Profits,”
was published in the New York Times Magazine 50 years ago this month. The piece remains as
polarizing today as it was five decades ago.
The highest good, in Friedman’s analysis, is for an executive to return as much money as possible
to shareholders. Anyone who wishes to pursue the greater good can do it on their own time with
their own money. Executives who take profits and spend them on social aims have, for Friedman,
effectively turned themselves into legislators.
“This is the basic reason why the doctrine of ‘social responsibility’ involves the acceptance of the
socialist view that political mechanisms, not market mechanisms, are the appropriate way to
determine the allocation of scarce resources to alternative uses,” wrote Friedman.
Cannibals with Forks: Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business John Elkington (1999)
https://blueandgreentomorrow.com/features/book-review-cannibals-with-forks-john-elkington-
1999/ Published 7 years ago on August 1, 2014 By Blue & Green Tomorrow
Demonstrates how all businesses can and must help society achieve three goals that are linked –
economic prosperity, environmental protection and social equity.
The book takes a global view and describes seven linked revolutions, which it predicted will
define the business environment of the first few decades of the 21st century, and argues that
these issues should already be at the top of the corporate agenda.
Author John Elkington gives readers a complete perspective of sustainability and how businesses
are responding, as well as what it means for these businesses. He argues that it is possible and
necessary to get all businesses to act responsibly and consider the triple bottom line when
making decisions. The book uses history to demonstrate why this is needed and put situations
and consequences into perspective.
W. Edwards Deming has also contributed to social responsibility's progress. At least two of his
famous 14 Quality Management Points directly speak to the theory of social responsibility:
Page 28 of 53
End the business awarding practice on price alone.
Drive out fear.
Social responsibility has been gaining traction and credibility since these early debates and
transformative moments. Trends have shifted from CSR programs to sustainable development,
sustainability, social responsibility, and social responsibility (SR).
W. Edwards Deming’s 14 Points for Total Quality Management https://asq.org/quality-

resources/total-quality-management/deming-points
Deming’s 14 Points on Quality Management, or the Deming Model of Quality Management, a
core concept on implementing total quality management (TQM), is a set of management
practices to help companies increase their quality and productivity.
Create constancy of purpose for improving products and services.

Adopt the new philosophy.
Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality.
End the practice of awarding business on price alone; instead, minimize total cost by working
with a single supplier.
Improve constantly and forever every process for planning, production and service.
Institute training on the job.
Adopt and institute leadership.
Drive out fear.
Break down barriers between staff areas.
Eliminate slogans, exhortations and targets for the workforce.
Eliminate numerical quotas for the workforce and numerical goals for management.
Remove barriers that rob people of pride of workmanship, and eliminate the annual rating or
merit system.
Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement for everyone.
Put everybody in the company to work accomplishing the transformation.
These total quality management principles can be put into place by any organization to more
effectively implement total quality management. As a total quality management philosophy,
Dr. Deming’s work is foundational to TQM and its successor, quality management systems.
CORE SUBJECTS AND KEY PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

ISO 26000-2010: Guidance on Social Responsibility identifies seven core social responsibility
subjects:
Organizational governance
The governance of organizations is the mechanism by which organizations make decisions and
take steps to achieve their goals.
ISO 26000 provides guidance on how companies can implement CSR into their organisational
governance, particularly with respect to:
Accountability
Transparency
Ethical behavior
Respect for stakeholder interests
Respect for the rule of law
Reference: https://www.boreal-is.com/blog/iso-26000-social-responsibility/
Human rights
Human rights are the civil rights to which all human beings are entitled. Those rights are broken
down into two types. The first concerns political and civil rights such as the right to life,
democracy and equality; the second concerns economic, social and cultural rights such as the
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right to work, the right to food, the right to health and the right to education and to social
security.
ISO 26000 provides guidance on how companies can support human rights, particularly by:
Allowing free organisation and collective negotiation
Providing equal employment opportunities
Preventing all forms of discrimination
Being highly responsible in the area of child labour
Labor practices
A company's labor policies must be consistent with its
policies and operations, including those carried out on the basis of their activities, For instance,
by subcontracting research.
Responsible labour practices should encompass the following areas:
Employment and contractual relationships
Working conditions and social protection
Social dialog
Health and safety at work
Human development and training in the workplace
Environment
Its policies and actions will inevitably have an effect on the environment wherever the
organization is located, especially when it comes to resource use, pollution and waste
generation, the location of operations and the impact of these activities on natural
environments.
ISO 26000 encourages organizations to make ongoing efforts to minimize their environmental
effect by implementing a holistic approach that takes into account the socio-economic, health-
economic, and environmental implications of both the direct and indirect effects of their
decisions and activities.
Among other things, organizations are encouraged to embrace initiatives to:
Prevent pollution
Use resources in a sustainable manner
Mitigate and adapt to climate change
Protect the environment, biodiversity and the restoration of natural habitats
Fair operating practices

In their relationships with other organisations, fair business standards apply to the ethical
behavior of organizations. As viewed through the corporate social responsibility lens, these
activities refer to how an organization uses its interactions with other organizations to bring
positive results.
Fair operating practices include:
Anti-corruption
Responsible political involvement
Fair competition
Promoting social responsibility in the value chain
Respecting property rights
Consumer issues
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Consumer Matters
Organizations that provide customers and consumers with products and services have certain
obligations to them. Educating clients about the brand
Providing information that is accurate
Upholding Fair Use
Ensuring that market data is useful and transparent
Conducting fair contractual procedures
Promoting sustainable development, design and service that allows access to vulnerable or
disadvantaged groups and for all
IS0 26000 allows businesses to take a more responsible position on such consumer issues by
integrating the following into their practices.:
Fair marketing
Factual and unbiased information
Fair contractual processes
Protection of consumer health and safety
Sustainable consumption
Consumer service, support, and complaint and dispute resolution
Consumer data protection and privacy
Access to essential services
Education and awareness
Community involvement and development

Both companies have partnerships and impacts, whether they handle it proactively or not, on
the societies in which they work. This relationship should be focused on community involvement
to contribute to its growth. In both community engagement and growth, sustainable
development is implicit.
ISO 26000 encourages organizations to integrate community involvement and development into
their practices by offering guidance on:
Education and culture
Employment creation and skills development
Technology development and access
Wealth and income creation
Health
Social investment
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Having such an actionable and flexible social responsibility framework can be particularly
attractive for companies that need to demonstrate accountability and sustainable development.
Reference: https://asq.org/quality-resources/social-responsibility
In addition to the core subjects, ISO 26000 also defines seven key principles of socially
responsible behavior:
Accountability
Transparency
Ethical behavior
Respect for stakeholder interests
Respect for the rule of law
Respect for international norms of behavior
Respect for human rights
Importance of Social Responsibility
The government's demonstration of social responsibility is to ensure full conformity with the
law, which is, in turn, the primary corporate expectation of the government.
The government plays a very important role in the promotion of corporate social responsibility
for different reasons. For one thing, this sector would empower the business sector to facilitate
an ethical, social and environmental conscious business transaction with its stakeholders.
This is because they enforce compliance, above all, with the legislative and regulatory system of
the business sector. In matters of sustainable development, for example, the government must
ensure compliance with natural resources. Since the government is accountable for regulating
the laws and maintaining the stability of a state, it is only fair that they engage in the aspect of
social responsibility. Government is known to be an external stakeholder indirectly influencing
the CSR activities of a company.
Reference: http://www.exforsys.com/career-center/corporate-social-responsibility/corporate-
social-responsibility-towards-government.html
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How important is Corporate Social Responsibility in promoting good governance on the part of
the private sector? Provide and discuss a specific example in today’s Philippine Public
Administration particularly the Duterte government.
APA Footnoting style and include list of references
Week 11 When do Social Responsibility and Ethics apply?
The theory of social responsibility and ethics applies to both human and group capabilities. It
should be incorporated into daily actions/decisions, particularly those that will affect other
individuals and/or the environment.
In the greater group ability within that group and during interactions with another group or
person, a code of social responsibility and ethics is applied.
The moral ideals that are intrinsic in culture establish a distinction between right and wrong. In
this way, it is thought (by most) that "right" is social justice, but more often than not, this
"fairness" is absent. Each person has a duty to behave in ways that benefit society and not just
the individual.
Reference: https://www.pachamama.org/social-justice/social-responsibility-and-ethics
TOMS Shoes
Reference: https://www.reputationmanagement.com/blog/corporate-social-responsibility-
examples/
TOMS is known for its business model of offering one pair of shoes for every pair of shoes they
sell to a person in need. Their fight for human rights goes far beyond that, as noble as that
purpose is. To show ethical actions, they also collaborate with a variety of NGOs (non-
governmental organizations) and other non-profit organizations.
TOMS also works to restore vision to people with visual impairments, provides clean drinking
water and develops businesses and fights bullying in developing countries.
Other Foreign Practices
Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola continues to make strides to try to mitigate environmental concerns. Coca-Cola has
made major improvements to its supply chain, such as investing in trucks fuelled by alternative
fuels, after discovering that its fleet of distribution trucks accounted for 3.7 million metric tons
of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in 2014. The company's target to reduce its carbon footprint by 25
percent by 2020 should be helped by these improvements.
examples/
Coca-Cola Philippines recognized as one of the top Socially Responsible Companies in Asia
By BusinessMirror
October 16, 2019 https://businessmirror.com.ph/2019/10/16/coca-cola-philippines-recognized-
as-one-of-the-top-socially-responsible-companies-in-asia/
The Company’s most recent efforts have been towards their World Without Waste vision—a
commitment to collect and recycle the equivalent of 100% of its product packaging by 2030. To
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drive its advocacy in the Philippines, Coca-Cola has mapped out a plan to boost the waste
management system in the country. In this circular economy model, its packaging goes full-
circle, transformed into recycled PET bottles or other useful products. Collection systems and
recycling efforts implemented with the aid of public and private partners across multiple
communities in the country, and an investment in an advanced first PET bottle recycling facility
are some of the main initiatives to take its World Without Waste vision further.
Still on the path of environmental protection, the Company also practices responsible water
stewardship, understanding the value of water for their business and for life. At present, the
company has gone beyond its initial goal of 100% water replenishment to 124%. Its operations
have cut down water consumption by 27% from 2014 to 2018, saving an equivalent of 5.27
billion liters of water, and have recovered, treated, and returned more than 17.5 million liters of
wastewater since 2014.
Beyond its operations, Coca-Cola also instituted the Agos program to provide communities with
access to water and protects watersheds. Through the Agos Ram Pump, a technology that
elevates water to far-flung communities, around 215,000 members of 210 Agos sites in 49
provinces now have access to this valuable resource. In Marawi, Agos was able to bring a mobile
potable water plant that served more than 500,000 gallons of safe drinking water to families
and students.
Community and people-centered in all that they do, Coca-Cola also created a program for the
street-smart women who drive 90% of the Company’s local business – the sari-sari store owners.
Through the Sari-Sari Store Training and Access to Resources (STAR) program, these women are
provided skills training, peer mentoring, and access to resources to grow their businesses.
Present in 16 regions and 68 provinces, the STAR program has impacted the lives of over 150,000
women.
Ford Motor Company

Another company that is seeking to boost its environmental efficiency is Ford. An EcoBoost
engine to improve fuel efficiency was built in an attempt to reduce its GHG emissions and the
company plans to sell 13 new models of electric vehicles by 2020. In addition, wind sail and solar
PV systems are now used by American Ford dealerships as their primary source of electricity.
examples/
Ford Philippines Recognized For Outstanding CSR at Society of Philippine Motoring Journalists’
Driven to Serve Awards https://www.ford.com.ph/about-ford/newsroom/2017/ford-philippines-
recognized-for-outstanding-csr-at-society-of-philippine-motoring-journalists-driven-to-serve-
awards/
MANILA, Philippines, 2 March 2017 – Ford Philippines was the recipient of two prestigious
awards for its corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs at the first-ever ‘Driven to Serve’
Awards of the Society of Philippine Motoring Journalists (SPMJ) – one each for its Driving Skills
for Life driver safety program and its Operation Better World initiatives.
The Driven to Serve Awards were launched this year to recognize the best CSR initiatives in the
local automotive industry, with categories including environment, community development,
road safety and education, and training.
Ford received the top award in the Road Safety category, Platinum, for its Driving Skills for Life
(DSFL) program. Ford launched the global DSFL program locally in 2008, which was customized
for the Philippines market and helps to raise awareness on safe driving techniques, road safety,
techniques to improve fuel economy, and other road safety issues. Since its local launch, more
than 18,000 licensed drivers of private and public utility vehicles have participated in DSFL
sessions, all free-of-charge.
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Ford received a Silver Award in the Community Development category for the company’s
Operation Better World initiative, a global Ford CSR platform that inspires community service
from employees and dealership staff to do their share in building a better world.
Dell
Through using more eco-friendly products, Dell now contributes to environmental management
by shipping its laptops in fewer disposable containers.
examples/
Materials Use Working to reuse resources over and over and over again
https://corporate.delltechnologies.com/en-us/social-impact/advancing-
sustainability/sustainable-products-and-services/materials-use.htm
Environmental responsibility is about more than creating an eco-friendly product or initiative. It’s
about incorporating sustainability into everything we do. That includes how we choose the
materials we use in our products and packaging. We have set an ambitious goal to source 100%
of our packaging materials and more than 50% of our product materials from recycled-content
or renewable materials by 2030.
From recycling the plastic in old electronics for new computers, to turning ocean-bound plastics
into recyclable packaging, Dell Technologies is a world leader in using resources in a way that
protects the planet.
Relationship of Good Governance and Social Responsibility
As nations around the world are conscious of their responsibility to their society and culture,
they are simply supporting the concept of creating a governing body to establish policies that
are conducive to everyone's convergence.
The best things about society and the nation will compel individuals and businesses to work
together.
In any level of public accountability, whether it is for the general corporate or cultural
environment or even for the political environment, good governance is important.
Public trust improves with the use of good governance and people will be more optimistic about
the stability of the country's political situation.
Strong and efficient governance can help to establish the principle of cultural responsibility in
order to encourage the well-being of society if there is a limited amount of resources designed to
meet the minimum needs of citizens. The corporate world will, in effect, conduct its business
operations at a low level of risk, since it will be conscious of the techniques that will need to be
introduced to avoid any business-related pitfalls.
Reference: https://studybay.com/blog/social-responsibility-and-good-governance-business/
Reflection Essay questions

“How will foreign corporations benefit from engaging in corporate social responsibility, their
target group/community and government as well in the country?
How can government promote corporate social responsibility? Provide an example and then
explain.
APA footnoting style and provide reference list
Page 35 of 53
Week 12 Corporate Social Responsibility Case Studies : Its Important Role in Promoting Good
Governance (Model Practices for Replication)
Corporate Social Responsibility in the Philippines

https://asiasociety.org/corporate-social-responsibility-Philippines Interview conducted by
Nermeen Shaikh of the Asia Society.
Mr. Pascua addresses in an exclusive interview with the Asia Society the type of work that PBSP
has been involved in, the concept of corporate citizenship, and how business can influence
policymaking.
In the Philippines, Ricardo Pascua is a leading businessman and corporate philanthropist. Mr.
Pascua, based in Manila, is currently the president and CEO of the Development Company of
Fort Bonifacio. Mr. Pascua is a trustee of the Philippine Business for Social Progress (PBSP),
which is actively involved in Mindanao's issues of peace and development.
What kind of work does the Philippine Business for Social Progress (PBSP) do in Mindanao? How
long has this organization been working in the region and what have been the effects of this
work?
As the response of the senior Philippine business community to the widespread poverty that was
prevalent at the time, PBSP was founded in 1970. Poverty is still common today, but PBSP has
not stopped operating and has actually evolved (although probably not proportionally to the
poverty it tries to help alleviate).
How is it that the PBSP promotes development in the area? How is it that you define
development?
Our benchmark is the generically specified [UNDP] Human Development Index (HDI) (the HDI
measures, among other things, literacy, access to certain basic resources, empowerment, etc.).
A successful indicator of progress appears to be the HDI. It is beyond just material well-being; it
has to do with being literate, eating healthy food, contributing to local government discussions,
all of which are calculated in the HDI.
Of course, money needs to exist to achieve this. Market economists theorize that wealth is
actually generated only by the private sector; all other segments of society are involved in
wealth consumption, but wealth production takes place in the private economic arena.
PBSP engages in wealth formation through its member companies. PBSP is a non-profit
organization that offers services, time, money and resources requested from its member
organizations and elsewhere for initiatives aimed at helping individuals help themselves. We're
not into dole-outs; that's not the point.
The point is to get individuals to stand up for themselves and thus achieve a substantial degree
of human dignity for themselves. If you do not work for yourself, you are stripped of your
integrity as a human being and you are less successful as a contributor to a democratic society if
you do not rely on yourself for your own survival.
What is the Center for Corporate Citizenship? Is it the case that this branch of the PBSP is
concerned primarily with promoting peace and reconciliation in the workplace, that is with labor
relations?
The Center for Corporate Citizenship aims to engage the involvement of our member companies
in expanding participation in efforts to encourage social development by getting them to
participate in projects that interest them or that could be run by PBSP.
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My company, Fort Bonifacio Development Corporation, for instance, has been involved in doing
social development work in our immediate neighborhood with PBSP. Fort Bonifacio Development
is a real estate company; we are building a city, but in a sea of poverty, I don't want my business
to exist as an island of prosperity. So, I have a significant interest in helping to improve my
immediate surroundings. This is not only altruistically good - as a Christian, it makes me feel
good - but there is also a business motive behind it.
Very rarely do you do something with a single motivation; activities that you do very often have
several goals that are not incompatible with each other, but that complement each other
synergistically. It assuages my Christian faith when I do good as a corporation; it is also good
business. When I contribute to the growth of my immediate neighborhood, crime decreases.
With peace of mind, my workers will come to work and I have access to a better labor pool.
It has been suggested elsewhere that all this talk of corporate citizenship amounts to no more
than an advertising campaign for business; that businesses are not genuinely interested in issues
of citizenship and civic responsibility but make token gestures such as this to ward off any
possible criticism (Exxon’s latest self-representation as an “environmentally friendly” company
would be a case in point). Could you comment on this?
The lack of understanding of human motivation possibly stems from this kind of criticism. Of
course, becoming a good corporate citizen is good business, but at the same time the persons
who run the business are human beings who have humane motives.
They might be Christians, they might be Jews, they might be Muslims, but they all answer to
perhaps a higher religious call, or they are human beings, even though they don't believe in any
higher divine power. Corporate citizens respond to different motivations that can be met by a
single action. Although it may be true that companies think that becoming good corporate
citizens is good business, you should not take it away from them that certain altruistic instincts
are also driving them; both are true, they should not be in conflict.
There is a widely held assumption that insurgencies such as the one in the Philippines are really
the result of an incomplete process of modernization. Could you comment on this?
That way, I haven't thought about it. My opinion is that people revolt because of perceived
injustice; this will generate rage in you if you have been dealt with unfairly or you have been
rubbed the wrong way somehow.
As someone saved by the blood of Christ (according to my religious convictions), this rage derives
from not being handled in a manner that is proper to your integrity as a human being, proper to
your dignity; often the expression of anger takes very unsound, aggressive, and destructive
forms. However, often self-saving justice causes a reaction that produces sound acts, even holy
ones. So, I would think the root cause of many of the rebellions is a reaction to the perceived or
actual oppression perpetrated against the individual or class of people embodied by the
insurgent.
It has been argued extensively elsewhere that development policies as they are currently
constituted in much of the Third World cannot but amplify people’s increasingly besieged sense
of identity, thus creating the conditions for identity-based conflict (ethnic, sectarian, religious,
etc.). Do you think that the kind of development policies implemented by the post-colonial state
in the Philippines may have exacerbated relations between Muslims and Christians in
Mindanao?
They may have, but the Muslim uprising against central authority predates the independent
government of the Philippines. It occurred against the Americans, against General Pershing, who
had precisely invented the Colt .45 automatic pistol to stop a Moro Juramentado running after
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his own personal enemies or clan enemies; the .45 was invented to stop the man in his tracks.
The Spaniards had never been able to pacify Muslims before that.
Well the Spaniards were never really able to colonize the Muslims. The South was never
colonized by the Spaniards, isn’t that correct?
Not as effectively; they have never really been fully defeated, which is why they have never
changed their faith. One of the reactions to the communist uprising of that period by the
government of the 1950s was to give many of them land in Mindanao until they were pacified.
Immigration was welcomed from Luzon, from the Christian areas of Mindanao, so many people
went to Mindanao and land was either deeded to them or bought by them. Differences in
mentality is one of the issues as to how land is held among the Lumads (indigenous peoples) and
perhaps even in some Muslim societies. Land is not supposed to be alienable; land is supposed to
be communal property that only has stewardship over the present Datu, or head of the place.
The chief is required to ensure that the group profits from the produce of the land in its entirety;
the way Roman law or Anglo-Saxon law interpreted land rights, he has no ownership rights.
Our constitution, however, was part-Spanish, part-American, where Roman law was prior to the
understanding of land ownership in the Christian areas of the Philippines. Transposed to
Mindanao, Some Sultans, or headmen, or Datus were persuaded to alienate the land. The
government also owned a lot of land since, when the Philippines became independent, the state
became the default owner if there was no deed to prove possession on the grounds of ancestral
rights.
Government started deeding land to establish overlap in ownership; one derives from a
conventional understanding of how to own land, and the other from a legal understanding of
how to own land. This is a source of tension which needs to be overcome.
A law was recently passed acknowledging indigenous peoples' territorial rights to some pieces of
land, but this is still being enforced. This possibly belatedly acknowledges conventional principles
of sovereignty over land that were neglected at the beginning of independence from the
Philippines.
Isn’t it also the case that the government provided more services and opportunities to the new
Christian migrants in Mindanao than they did to the indigenous Muslims? In fact the Muslims
had access to fewer services from the State following independence than they had previously.
This is a complaint from many individuals to whom the central government pays less attention.
Centralizing political control in Manila made sense for the colonizers. You had to elect members
who were skilled in attracting capital to your area in order to gain access to central government
services or largesse.
ARMM (Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao) budget allocation statistics indicate that
substantial resources have been allocated to them, far higher in some cases than in other poorer
provinces. The question is whether these resources on the ground have been used effectively. It is
also true that in the Muslim regions, there was and is corruption at the local level. For instance,
it is likely true that much of the resources allocated to ARMM went to staff services: to recruit
my cousin, my cousin-in-law, etc., which left very little funds for road construction and dams and
water wells. Instead, the money was spent on wages and on purchasing cars and jeeps. For a
very nuanced case, it's very hard to offer a simplistic answer. I would definitely be more wrong
than right if I were to attempt to make simplistic claims.
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How do you think business can assist the State in coming up with more socially and ethically
responsible and equitable policies in traditionally underdeveloped parts of the country, like
Mindanao?
Business has a big impact on the making of policies. In the Philippines, the recent change in
government was led by, among others, businessmen. At the end of December, in early January of
this year, I was on the streets.
I was on record before the TV cameras calling on the President and his entire cabinet to resign,
reading a declaration by the Philippines Management Association, along with a dozen other
business groups. If Estrada had stood down, I would have been in a lot of trouble.
How do you think business can assist the State in coming up with more socially and ethically
responsible and equitable policies in traditionally underdeveloped parts of the country, like
Mindanao?
The company will aid the government in advocating policies. Business would assist the
government in actually performing duties normally outside of what narrow-minded businesses
would consider their purview.
Strictly speaking, doing PBSP work is outside of a business organization's profit-making
operations, but in the wider sense of a corporation existing as a member of society,
It is not outside the reach of a businessman to be interested in making sure that there are solid
foundations in the sense in which he does business.
A human being is my client, a human being is my employee, a human being is my supplier, and
why do we exist? It is for the human individual's betterment. There is a dubious meaning of
everything we do that does not lead to the improvement of the human being. In order for
business to legitimately exist, it must contribute to the improvement of the human being.
Does PBSP have a sense of what sorts of policies it would try to get the government to enact?
Do they have a sense of what the government should be doing in this area, how it is that they
will work with government or advise the government?
PBSP is not an agency for advocacy. Other business organizations do that; the Philippines
Management Association (MAP), for instance, is an advocacy group.
We have a National Issues Committee that looks at the issues of the day, such as the MAP theme
this term is good governance because that was the cry of the Filipino people's heart that
overthrew Joseph Estrada.
I think that our sustained contribution to the country's operation of a market economy will go
the farthest way to reduce poverty. The best way to get him to contribute to his own betterment
is not to snatch responsibility and integrity from the individual person. That's why I don't believe
in communism, socialism, or anything that shackles the freedom of choice of the individual.
Market systems, though, take out those that can not compete, because they are people as well.
So this has to be tempered somehow by a legitimate government and business position. It is also
important to take care of those who can not participate completely in a market system.

Reflection Essay “Explain the role of the PBSP in its practice of corporate social responsibility to
promote local development”
APA Footnoting style and reference list
Page 39 of 53
Week 13 Good Governance and Social Responsibility in the Philippines (Model Practice 2)
CSR in the Philippines: ‘Everybody Happy’

https://www.reportingasean.net/csr-in-the-philippines-everybody-happy/
(This article was done for the ‘CSR in ASEAN’ series of the Reporting ASEAN: 2015 and Beyond
program.)
MANILA, Feb 29 (ASEAN Reporting)-Giving the group back. Being an inclusive business. An
organization that turns its suppliers and the societies around it into partners.
These are some of the ways in which corporate social responsibility (CSR) is established by
Philippine companies and business groups, a habit that is becoming more important in the sense
of deeper economic integration in the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN).
While CSR in this South-East Asian country is far from new and its early adopters were some
Philippine business networks, its reach and practice has grown from the charity and donation-
based approach to more long-term, inclusive and socially responsible forms of making money
from the community from which corporations make their profit.
And as companies look beyond national boundaries and invest abroad, the ASEAN Community
provides opportunities for some local businesses to invest abroad.
Groups such as the Singapore-based ASEAN CSR Network have encouraged businesses to
address CSR in their local and regional contexts and set criteria for socially responsible
behaviour.
As one of the three pillars of the ASEAN Community, launched in December 2015, the ASEAN
Economic Community envisages the region as a single market and production base.
Caroline Grace Pedragosa, director of the Centre for Corporate Citizenship of the Philippine
Business for Social Progress (PBSP), the country's largest corporate-led social development
foundation, explained that the pursuit of CSR means companies are giving something back to
the community using a portion of the earnings they generate.
It is also about inclusive industry, she says, so that, for example, CSR requires collaborations
between businesses as material purchasers, including ingredients, and communities as
producers and suppliers of these goods.
"In addition to inclusive business, CSR in the Philippines has advanced into something that
involves the greater involvement of communities in company business," she said. "And this
generates revenue and enhances livelihoods."
For example, the company buys food ingredients from a group of farmers; with this trade
relationship, the farmers in turn experience a robust market. Pedragosa said in an interview,
"Lahat masaya (Everybody's happy),“
"Established in 1970 and starting with 50 businessmen who set aside 1 percent of the net
income of their companies before taxes to reduce poverty, PBSP started with the slogan
"helping people help themselves. Today, it has a membership of more than 267 major, small and
medium-sized enterprises.
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The first of its kind in Asia to support the idea of CSR, it believes companies play a critical role in
helping in reducing poverty, not through doleouts but through programs that help them become
more self-reliant, active members of society.
For the social responsibility arm of Jollibee Foods Corp, the largest fast food chain in the
Philippines, which has several outlets in ASEAN countries and beyond Asia, it is important that
the company works with local farmers and farmers' cooperatives, which supply most of the
ingredients of the famous chain, including onions, tomatoes, garlic, and lettuce, said Gisela
Tiongson, executive director,
They are our trading partners and we believe in helping them become sustainable, and their
livelihoods," she said."
For its part, Nestle Philippines, which employs 3,800 people, says that its business philosophy is
called "creating shared value" and highlights its conviction that business and society are
interdependent.
'CSV (Creating Mutual Value) blends its corporate practices with programs that foster society's
welfare. "We see this as an opportunity to create a competitive advantage for the company
while simultaneously adding value to society," said Ernie Mascenon, Nestle Philippines' head of
corporate affairs.
For example, Nestle supports local coffee farmers by providing them with free technical training,
selling them at cost with high-quality and high-yielding seedlings, Mascenon said.
Nestle is following the more 'conventional' form of CSR. Recently, Nestle Philippines invested in
a factory fitted with systems that will not only be beneficial to the business but also to the city.
Its fifth and newest plant, located about 100 kilometers south of Manila in the province of
Batangas, captures rainwater and recovers and uses industrial waste water and light-saving
electricity.
"In its objective of supporting Filipino industries and helping them to remain competitive, we
join the government," said Mascenon. He adds that in its efforts to be in harmony with the rest
of ASEAN, Nestle also supports the government, especially now that the regional grouping has
embarked on concrete plans for deeper economic integration.
The Tiongson Foundation of the Jollibee Group said it is also the duty of the government to help
link local businesses, such as ASEAN countries, to the wider world. "The partnership between
companies and the government has succeeded in connecting communities over the years," she
said. "The time has come to look at the changing wider world and how we can join it."
As it continues to promote CSR, the PBSP has been in contact with businesses in its neighboring
countries in the region, Pedragosa adds. "We all hope that an integrated ASEAN will indeed be a
single market capable of addressing gaps in development and of being inclusive and
harmonized," she said. "We will be happy to see in a positive way how it unfolds" (Diana
Mendoza)
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MANILA, Feb 29 (ASEAN Reporting)-Giving the group back. Being an inclusive business. An
organization that turns its suppliers and the societies around it into partners.
Given this case example, explain how operationalizing the ideas of “giving the group back”
“inclusive business” and “an organization that turns its suppliers and the societies around it into
partners” will promote development administration.
Observe APA footnoting and come up with a reference list
Week 14 Good Governance and Social Responsibility in the Philippines (Model Practice 3 )
Source: A Not So Ordinary Day Off. Training and Development Highlights. Vol1 Issue2. 2004
Meralco is the largest electricity distributor in the Philippines, serving over four million
customers in 23 towns and 88 municipalities, including the prime business districts and top
companies of the economy.
It has set up its corporate foundation, the Meralco Foundation, Inc., which aims to enhance the
social and economic status of Filipinos through education and training, with a focus on the
internalization of values, the production and implementation of relevant technologies and the
establishment of sustainable enterprises.
With this mission, MFI provides an estimated 650 scholars with technical skills training at the
Meralco Foundation Institute in Ortigas, while 275 scholars are in family farm schools in Jalajala
(Rizal), Balete (Batangas), and Bais City (Negros Oriental).
Meralco is also dedicated to improving the environment. It is active in many different CSR
projects, such as the improvement of secondary schools, the provision of technical education
assistance, and numerous scholarships. Its computer literacy program is one clear example of a
low-input, high-output CSR operation.
In 2001, Meralco initiated a project to donate free computers to public schools and provide free
training within Meralco's franchise areas for public school teachers on basic computer literacy.
The "Teacher Volunteers" are from within Meralco's regular staff pool.
Generally, they are young to middle-aged professionals who sacrifice their day off from work to
train teachers of public school on simple computer programs such as Windows, Excel, and
Internet use. These courses allow the teachers to use the computers that were donated.
Training is held at the Meralco compound on Saturdays (volunteers' non-working day), where
teachers are permitted to use all the facilities of the building and are provided with
accommodation, allowances, food and handouts.
The project has supported 392 public school teachers from eight public schools since its
inception in 2001. Meralco staff volunteers who felt a sense of accomplishment and learned the
importance of CSR while entering the program have benefited from the program.
Adopt-a-School Program of the Department of Education (DepED) Source: Philippine Free Press.
22 December 2001 supplement
The Philippines was ranked as one of Asia's most educated nations in the 1970s. The school
system, however, seemed regressive socially. At the beginning of 2000, critiques declared the
Page 42 of 53
presence of a crisis in education in the Philippines. The teacher-to-pupil ratio stayed at 1:36
from 2001-2003, with enrollment increasing by 0.1 million per year.
While obtaining the highest budget for education, because of the shortage of school facilities
and materials, the economy fell short of providing quality education. The budget, however,
could not cope with the increasing student population.
The Adopt-a-School Initiative was initiated in 1998 by Republic Act 8525 as an anti-poverty
program that would provide opportunities for private sector organizations to work with the
government through DepED to assist in improving and modernizing public elementary and high
school education.
Private partners could adopt a school anywhere in the Philippines to help cater for the basic
needs of students in that school. In terms of the severity of need and the number of high-
performing students, schools eligible for adoption are prioritized. Tax deductions from the gross
profits for all expenditures incurred for the initiative is an opportunity for the private company.
In addition, DepED, in collaboration with the Department of Finance, was working out a tax
exemption clause. The contributors are also included in all the program's marketing promotions.
Over 20 businesses have joined the program since its introduction.
Within your LGU or community (barangay), Identify a business involved in CSR. Explain how it
performs its developmental role in helping target constituents in your local area. Elaborate on
the PA principles/ theories/ concepts that were operationalized.
APA Footnoting and include list of references (sources)
Source: Colin Legarde Hubo. Profiles of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices of
Philippine Mining Firms. Mines and Geosciences Bureau.2003
Silangan Mindanao Exploration Company (SMEC), Boyongan exploration
Through its Mines and Geoscience Bureau, the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR) established mining companies that conducted business activities in a socially
responsible manner. Silangan Mindanao Exploration Company (SMEC), the Boyongan
exploration company, was one of the CSR companies named (Surigao del Norte).
There have been many mining accidents in the province of Surigao. For example, twelve people
were buried in a waste pond in Placer in September 1995, while a coal mine explosion killed 13
workers in Bislig in November 1995. (another town in Surigao). Mining companies have started
to face resistance from the local community, NGOs and government units following these
incidents.
Page 43 of 53
A permit to explore copper and gold in Tubod, Surigao del Norte was given to the Silangan
Mindanao Exploration Company in 1999. Geological mapping, geo-chemical surveys, geophysical
surveys and drilling were part of the exploration operation.
The aforementioned community, led by the parish priest, worked to revoke the permit due to
the previous mining history of the local community. The city of Tubod is primarily a farming
community with 2000 households.
SMEC's permit was never revoked, however. The SMEC has demonstrated sound environmental
management practices and social development programs that have earned the confidence and
trust of the community since exploration began in 1999. In four main fields, SMEC has
formulated its own business, social and environmental goals: environment, economics,
governance and social concerns.
It was difficult to change the public mentality. The main issues needed to be established and a
Community Technical Working Group formed (CTWG).
The CTWG, a multi-stakeholder monitoring team consisting of civil society organisations, local
government units, and the organization, discussed successful critical engagement and
collaborative methods in achieving a self-reliant community through the use of environmental
conservation and recovery management and community-based support.
The organization has administered an integrated assistance program through the CTWG to
empower the local community. The company was able to support the anti-mining sentiments of
the residents and establish a rational scheme of compensation for land disruption and
rehabilitation facilities.
Pilipinas Kao, Inc. (PKI)

Source: “Community partnerships and actors in development,” PBSP Compact, Vol 3, No. 2 (1998
September)
A wide variety of oleochemicals, the base material used to make cosmetics, shampoos,
toothpaste and food additives, are provided by PKI. Since 1997, because of the steady rise in the
price of coconut oil, the company has suffered significant losses.
To minimize operational costs, the organization has introduced different ways of optimizing
operations. Employees have been asked for ideas about how to reduce costs efficiently. With
respect to the bottom line, the business became more open to the workforce (production
volume, sales and even net profit).
Following that, everybody contributed his part. In addition, despite the cost cutting efforts of the
organization, Mr. Philip Dael, Pilipinas Kao's Group Manager for Administration, Human
Resources and Finance, said that PKI did not decrease the budget for community and school
projects as business losses were not considered a cause for the commitment to stop.
The CSR project of PKI focuses on education, particularly the Adopt-a-School Program that
includes a national high school. It has also contributed to a scholarship initiative and to the
maintenance of professorial chairs.
Page 44 of 53
The CTWG, a multi-stakeholder monitoring team consisting of civil society organisations, local
government units, and the organization, discussed successful critical engagement and
collaborative methods in achieving a self-reliant community through the use of environmental
conservation and recovery management and community-based support.
Explain how these key PA principles are important in an environment-related advocacy of a
company CSR: multi-stakeholder, critical engagement, collaborative methods, self-reliant
community, community-based support
Observe APA footnoting and come up with a reference list
Source: “Community partnerships and actors in development,” PBSP Compact, Vol 3, No. 2 (1998
September)
The Mindanao Development Bank (MDB)
In the midst of the economic downturn in the economy, the MDB continued to finance social
and economic development programs. Since 1980, Valencia Bukidnon's MDB branch has been
financing farmers' agricultural programs. The farmers became prosperous over time and the
bank expanded with the success of the farmers.
Now, even though farmers have been hit hard by El Niño and their cash flows have been badly
impacted, they have not been abandoned by the bank. It accommodates credit agreements,
flexible offers, and other financial troubles.
The Little Red School House
The Philippine economy had a P3.36 trillion debt in the year 2004. Some 42.6% of overall
revenue was spent on servicing debt. Infrastructure spending slipped from P96.5 billion in 1999
to P49.77 billion in 2003, while health and education spending dropped from 3.4% of GDP in
1999 to 2.8% of GDP in 2003.
The Little Red School House was a project carried out by the Coca-Cola Foundation in
collaboration with the Department of Education (DepED) and the Social Progress Company of
the Philippines (PBSP). The shared goal of the three organizations is to provide children in
remote, underserved rural areas with full, quality elementary education.
The design of three-classroom schools, developing the skills of multi-grade teachers, and
building the capacities of parent-teacher-community groups were key project components.
Through funds, a network of associates, and other services, the Coca-Cola Foundation has
contributed to the project, while the PBSP has provided expertise in community organization
and supervision of school construction. The Department of Education has played its part by
providing property, teachers, and the expertise necessary for multi-grade education.
Achievements of the Little Red Schoolhouse
55 ‘three-classroom’ schoolhouses.
Beneficiaries include over 10,000 schoolchildren, 300 teachers, school supervisors, and
2,000 parents.
Page 45 of 53
Close to 500,000 children and 12,000 teachers have benefited indirectly from echo training and
improved supervision.
In terms of performance, the effect of the project was a decrease in the number of dropouts and
a rise in enrolment and in the number of motivated and better-qualified teachers. The number
of more actively engaged parents, assistance from LGUs, and enhanced school facilities have
also increased.
Davao Light and Power Company

Source: Enhancing Business and Community Relations. The Role of Volunteer in
promoting Global Corporate Citizenship 2003 .UN
A novel collaboration between the Davao Light and Power Company (DLPC) and the Davao City
Government, the Street Lighting Program is aimed at reducing the level of crime and designing a
healthy and world-class city.
The city was primarily responsible for installing, distributing, maintaining and restoring
streetlights, including the evaluation of which neighborhoods were most in need of illumination.
The company, in turn, provided sodium bulbs and assemblies and other equipment required for
the implementation of the program by the city government.
Technical assistance by employee volunteers and casual workers was also given.
The DLPC serves exclusively Davao City and the other municipalities of Davao Province as a
power distribution firm. It is a subsidiary of the Aboitiz Group of companies, which is wholly
Filipino-owned, and is the third largest private utility in the economy.
Davao City, known in terms of land area (2,440 sqm) as the largest city in the world, has a varied
topography ranging from urban landscapes to mountains and forests. It has 1.2 million residents
with 180 barangays (or villages), and a population density of 491 individuals per square meter
(back in 2003).
The general picture of the Southern Philippines as consisting of rebels and lawless elements has
marred the credibility of the region. This image influenced the city government of Davao to such
an extent that revenues did not meet the entire city's capacity.
The inadequate budget received from the city's limited revenue was never enough to resolve all
peace and order problems.
The street lighting project resulted from a brainstorming session of the Davao government and
the DLPC during which, true enough, the crime rate in pilot areas decreased considerably after
implementation.
For instance, Barangay 22C Piapi has a reputation as one of the city's worst barangays. The
crime rate in the barangay, however, fell by 10 percent monthly on average in the first month of
lighting installation alone.
On the other hand, the corporation received a return on its investment in that the city's
payments to the utility in 1998 reached a peak of Php12 million per month. Additional expenses
were also recovered by the government from the rise in taxes it received from new enterprises
developing in the illuminated places.
Page 46 of 53
After the project's completion, street lighting became an important part of the DLPC's rural
electrification program.
If you are the barangay chairman of your community, upon observation and careful study, what
possible CSR initiatives can be undertaken by businesses operating in your area? What are your
community problems or services that can be delivered through CSR? Explain your plan on how
you will undertake CSR programs with potential company partners to help your constituents.
Observe APA Footnoting and come up with your list of references
Week 17 Private Organizations (Profile and Track Record)

https://www.aims.com.ph/corporate-social-responsibility
Corporate Social Responsibility in the APEC Region: Current Status and Implications
Economy Paper Republic of the Philippines Prepared by the Asian Institute of Management RVR
Center for Corporate Responsibility
The PBSP, AIM-RVR, the Corporate League Foundations and other consortiums for CSR
Corporate citizenship is likewise promoted in the Group of Companies.
Furthermore, there are 100 corporate foundations in the Philippines, and more than 6,000
registered NGOs that support, assist and provide venues for sharing thoughts and experiences
of companies' prospects for joint practices and resource-sharing.
The Philippine Business for Social Progress (PBSP)
The PBSP is a foundation led by companies. It was founded in 1970 as an expression of their
corporate citizenship by the business leaders of the economy. After starting out with 50
members of the organization, its membership has increased to 196.
Its Center for Corporate Citizenship is required to advocate and enrich the dialogue to facilitate
the practice of corporate citizenship. The foundation promotes and advances its corporate
citizenship agenda.
It establishes and test leading edge models, disseminate and popularize instruments of
corporate citizenship to the general business sector including publications, reports, and training
programs.
The PBSP has developed a system to help managers build and enforce corporate citizenship that
is strategic, efficient, and sustainable. The following requirements depend on this framework:
leadership, policy, program systems, measuring and reporting.
"The organization is involved in various projects, such as the "LGUs as Enablers" program and
the "Private Sector Strategic Partnership for Reduction program for Urban Property (SET-UP) in
Metro Manila.
The PBSP is considered to be the Philippines' largest grant-making business organization. Since
its inception, over Php5 billion has been mobilized and invested by its members in social
development projects and funds from the Office of Development Assistance (ODA).
Page 47 of 53
The Ramon V. del Rosario Center for Corporate Responsibility (RVR Center)
The RVR Center within the Asian Institute of Management is a research and program center
(AIM). The Center believes that CSR can be sustainable only when corporate social responsibility
can be structured as a business model and considered to be fundamental to strategy and
general management.
Case writing and research, curriculum creation, and executive education and training are
involved in the Center. It also sponsors numerous lecture series and hosts the Asian Forum on
Corporate Social Responsibility in various parts of Asia on an annual basis, addressing and
discussing pressing and important CSR issues. The Center also provides corporate responsibility
consulting services to companies all over Asia.
The League of Corporate Foundations (LCF)
The LCF is a network in the Philippines of 58 corporate foundations and companies doing social
development work. It is motivated by its vision of being the driving force in the growth of a
highly committed business sector working actively towards achieving fair and sustainable
growth with communities and partner organizations.
Its goal is to mobilize the resources and reinforce the dedication of corporate foundations and
their representatives through greater CSR in the pursuit of national development objectives. The
services of the LCF fall into five key areas of concern, including education, health, business
development, the environment and youth development.
Corporate Network for Disaster Response (CNDR)
The Philippines' Corporate Network for Disaster Response is a group of some 30 business
organizations and foundations that institutionalized frameworks for disaster response in 1990.
CNDR is now a network covering the Philippines with more than 50 companies, corporate
foundations and industry organizations.
Bayanihan, its initiative, aims to organize government agencies, universities, NGOs, companies
and local governments into an efficient network to leverage resources for the prevention,
mitigation and sustained disaster preparedness. It also seeks to create efficient communication
that will enable information to flow in a timely manner.
Other responsible business practices in the Philippines (foreign entities)

https://www.netherlandsworldwide.nl/countries/philippines/doing-business/corporate-social-
responsibility
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) implies that corporations take responsibility for the effect
on society of their (business) operations. It's about finding the right equilibrium between the
three P’s: people, planet, and profit.
This ensures that you not only aim for profit as a corporation, but also take into account the
implications of your actions for the world (planet) and the individuals inside and outside your
business.
Page 48 of 53
In addition, you are honest about the decisions you make as an entrepreneur and you consult
with your stakeholders (employers, trade unions, NGOs, consumers, local residents and others).
This extends to Dutch and foreign companies working in the Netherlands.
The Dutch government has made deals with 13 sectors on corporate social responsibility. Such
arrangements are in accordance with the requirements of the OECD.
The OECD Guidelines offer recommendations for organizations to resolve human rights, child
labor and environmental concerns. You can reduce hazards and make the company more open
by adopting the OECD Guidelines. And there would be more trust in you from consumers,
investors, shareholders and the general public.
As a Dutch entrepreneur operating in the Philippines, you may be faced with numerous
sustainability and inclusiveness challenges. Different CSR networks exist in both the Netherlands
and the Philippines. This may allow you to overcome several potential problems while providing
opportunities to share your insights and best practices with other entrepreneurs at the same
time.
For entrepreneurs willing to integrate sustainable and inclusive practices into their work and
core business in the Philippines, these platforms provide a basic starting point.
Sustainable and inclusive business - a priority for the Netherlands in the Philippines
responsibility
Often 'corporate social responsibility' (CSR) and 'sustainable and inclusive business' are used
interchangeably. The significance of both definitions varies slightly, however. The context within
which businesses can build and strengthen sustainable business practices is CSR. A business will
become a prosperous and inclusive organization through the implementation of these activities.
While both terms aim for the same purpose, it is important to be mindful of the difference in
importance and to properly apply both definitions.
The Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Philippines, as part of the Dutch
Government's Sustainability Agenda, intends to increase the involvement of Dutch companies in
the economic growth of the Philippines, especially those that qualify as sustainable and
inclusive.
The Embassy therefore wishes to encourage and promote sustainable and inclusive business not
only by assisting Dutch companies in the Philippines to comply with international CSR
requirements (such as the OECD Guidelines), but also by proactively strengthening initiatives
that make a visible contribution to improving their core businesses.
The Embassy aims to collaborate with progressive SMEs and organizations initiating constructive
or creative, sustainable and inclusive practices in order to achieve this objective. However, as
small and medium-sized enterprises also function as part of a broader supply chain that involves
Page 49 of 53
larger enterprises, the Embassy sees small and medium-sized enterprises as a vital link in order
to enhance the sustainability and inclusiveness of the supply chain as a whole.
Other responsible business practices in the Philippines (foreign entities)

responsibility
Tools: A CSR Passport
The Dutch government has developed two separate tools in order to enable Dutch (and foreign)
businesses to incorporate CSR into their business activities abroad. The CSR Passport is the first
tool; this helpful guide clarifies what CSR is and why CSR is relevant for businesses.
It also discusses the guidelines of the OECD, the notion of due diligence and continues to focus
on three aspects: human rights, the environment and the ethics of benefit. As a business case, it
ends with CSR.
CSR Risk Check is the second method (developed by CSR Netherlands and commissioned by the
Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs). This tool offers a simple overview for SME entrepreneurs
doing business in developed countries and emerging markets (e.g. the Philippines) of the
possible risks they may face abroad.
In order to avoid or fix problems, such as bad working conditions, child labor, corruption and low
wages, the CSR Risk Check helps to quantify business risks.
Answer in Filipino
What are the mutual benefits between local and foreign businesses and government (national
or local) and target sectors who are stake holders in CSR activities in the Philippines? Give
examples in addition to our lessons and explain your answer.
APA Footnoting and list of references must be observed
Week 18 Institutionalizing Corporate Social Responsibility in the Philippines

Corporate social responsibility bill gets final House nod
By Filane Mikee Cervantes May 20, 2020, 10:02 pm
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1103485#:~:text=A%20total%20of%20209%20lawmakers
%20voted%20in%20favor,the%20operations%20of%20their%20businesses%20in%20the
%20country.
MANILA – The House of Representatives on Wednesday approved on third reading a bill seeking
to institutionalize corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the operation of corporations in the
country.
A total of 209 lawmakers voted in favor of House Bill 6137, or the proposed Corporate Social
Responsibility Act, while no one voted against it nor abstained.
Page 50 of 53
The bill seeks to encourage all domestic and foreign business organizations, established and
operating under Philippine laws, to observe corporate social responsibility in the operations of
their businesses in the country.
Under the measure, CSR is defined as the commitment of businesses to contribute on a

voluntary basis to sustainable development by working with relevant stakeholders to improve
their lives in ways that are good for business, sustainable development agenda, and society at
large.
CSR-related activities shall include charitable programs and projects, scientific research, youth
and sports development, cultural or educational promotion, services to veterans and senior
citizens, social welfare, environmental sustainability, health development, disaster relief and
assistance, socialized and low-cost housing, and employee and worker welfare.
To encourage companies to engage in CSR, the bill allows stock corporations to retain profits in
excess of 100 percent of paid-in capital stock to be used for expansion or corporate social
responsibility projects and programs.
Furthermore, the Department of Trade and Industry shall recognize and reward all business
organizations for outstanding, innovative, and world-class CSR-related services, projects, and
programs.
Local government units shall also be mandated to extend whatever assistance is necessary for
business establishments to accomplish CSR programs and projects.
"Plowing back corporate resources to communities, especially those underserved by the

government, would help cure the deficit in state spending in areas that cry out for development,"
Deputy Speaker Michael Romero said.
Romero, main author of the CSR bill, said such schemes can be seen as direct intervention by
the private sector in which they get to spend money which would have been paid as taxes “but
in an efficient manner without the overhead associated with the bureaucracy.”
Prospects, Challenges and Future Directions

https://www.aims.com.ph/corporate-social-responsibility
Corporate Social Responsibility in the APEC Region: Current Status and Implications
Economy Paper Republic of the Philippines
Prepared by the
Asian Institute of Management RVR Center for Corporate Responsibility
As it is embedded in its culture, CSR is not "alien" to the Philippines (i.e., the bayanihan
concept). Furthermore, the poor economic conditions of the economy emphasize the need for
corporations to practice CSR activities and act as a driving force for CSR activities to be
implemented.
Globalization has shown that in isolation, organizations can not operate. Instead, they should be
aware of each other and extend aid,
Page 51 of 53
When it's needed. Such a position can bring about stability for the nation and redound the
multiplier effect positively for the corporation. Companies now recognize that the ability to
actively contribute to long-term success lies in promoting the welfare of society.
How can CSR be made sustainable in the Philippines, then? Although corporate giving statistics
appear positive, the efforts made so far are still not enough.
The economy simply has too many problems. The marginalized sector is the largest segment of
the population, so there is a need for additional support mechanisms to sustain companies'
efforts. They should not abandon the struggle.
In the search for economic development, one concept for maintaining such efforts includes
having the poor as partners. The poor should no longer be the target of benevolence, as PBSP
pointed out, but they must have an equal position on growth and progress plans.
Enterprises can be a crucial factor in taking the sector to the mainstream as contributors and
buyers in the marketplace and society.
The CSR activities of companies should include alternatives that will help to achieve and sustain
community's economic well-being.
Another concept raised is that if it is organized, CSR can be made sustainable. By defining the
position of the business community in relation to CSR activities may be rendered proactive by
other organisations (NGOs, government and other private organizations).
Given the size of the social economy, integrative efforts are also needed. Problems that pose
two key challenges: how to maximize CSR collaboration and how to incorporate CSR into its
daily activities. Companies must make it part of the business plan of the organization.
PBSP stated in the Philippine CSR Expo 2005 that private firms' assistance and donations are
intermittent and short-term in nature.There is therefore a call for more collaborative efforts by
government, business and civil society.
In order to guarantee sustainability, planning and resource management and generation are
necessary. Company downtime should also be expected.
By securing the steadfast commitment of the CEO, half of the fight to ensure the viability of CSR
initiatives is won.
Corporate leaders, as well as government and other civic bodies, play a major role in fostering
CSR engagement as these leaders determine the degree of corporate CSR participation.
If corporate citizenship were to be merely a branch of public relations to improve the supremacy
of a company as an economic entity, it would be just a way to maintain the status quo, to lend
"the aura of morality" to a brand.
If CSR is viewed as a business strategy, the dedication of leaders to CSR could be increased. PBSP
indicates that organizations match their operational priorities with a social agenda.
Page 52 of 53
The introduction of CSR into a company's overall business activities provides the promise of
obtaining financial and social benefits through new business opportunities, brand and corporate
image enhancement, a highly reliable workforce, and public confidence and acceptance.
In the Philippines, CSR faces a range of daunting realities, while it is clear that CSR activities have
beneficial results, it can take many years to achieve the ultimate objective of "making life good,
not for a few, but for every one".
Decades, maybe. Therefore, a sound national CSR policy is called for to maximize everyone's
efforts and partnerships.
1. In view of continuing efforts to improve governance and CSR in the Philippines, why is
development still an elusive dream for many?
2. Do you think that there would be no more issues with good governance and social
accountability if we meet the SDGs, GK targets, and a well-embedded CSR system throughout
the country ? Explain your answer.
3. In the Philippines, describe the practice of governance and CSR in connection with current
government and business relations?
Observe APA footnoting and include list of references
Page 53 of 53

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What are the three sectors involved in governance according to the text?

What are the three sectors involved in governance according to the text?

What are some challenges that CSR faces in the Philippines according to the text?

What are some challenges that CSR faces in the Philippines according to the text?

Republic of the Philippines

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Overview significance of course

General Learning Objectives

Specific Learning Objectives

Work From Home (WFH) Week 1

Comprises all of the processes of governing

Corporate Governance Actors Framework

What is Good Governance?

Organized Crime Syndicates

Week 2 Work From Home Output

Week 3 Evolution/ History of Good Governance

Importance of Good Governance

Promotes transparency in a community or company and accountability

Criteria for Good Governance

Effective and efficient

Equitable and Inclusive

Four Dimensional Framework of Good Governance

Public Sector Management

Week 3 Work From Home Output

Week 4 Four Dimensional Framework of Good Governance

Predictability and Legal Framework for development

Transparency and Information

Six Dimensional Framework

Voice and Accountability

Week 5 Philippine Context of Good Governance

Government Agencies Promoting Good Governance

Visayas State University’s innovative and ground-breaking operational Strategic Performance

Week 5 Work From Home Output

SGLG areas for improvement of performance

Maintain transparency and accountability practices in the use of funds

Criteria of Seal of Good Local Governance Act of 2019 (Reference:

Good Fiscal or Financial Administration

Social Protection and Sensitivity Program

Health Compliance and Responsiveness

Programs for Sustainable Education

Business Friendliness and Competitiveness

Safety, Peace and Order

Tourism, Heritage Development, Culture and Arts

Week 6 Work From Home Output

Government Agency Promoting Good Governance

Civil Service Commission

Week 8 Gawad Kalinga (GK) as a Partner of Good Governance

Key Dimensions of Gawad Kalinga as Model of Philippine Governance

Gawad Kalinga as a Emerging Model for Development

Component Programs of Gawad Kalinga

GK Tatag (Shelter and Site Development)

Galing Pook Awards

Eligibility and Selection Criteria

Positive Results and Impact 30%

In Filipino, discuss how GK can be (provide each with GK best practices) ;

Week 9 Winners of Galing Pook Awards 2018

1. Bindoy, Negros Oriental - Ridge to Reef (R2R) Program

Challenges in attaining good governance

Public Service Delivery