UNIT – IV

PART - A

1. Define the term ‘Health’ according to W.H.O?

The W.H.O has defined health as: “a state of complete physical, mental and social well being
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

2. Define Industrial Health?

Industrial health refers to “a system of public health and preventive medicine which is
prevalent within the industries”.

According to W.H.O and I.L.O industrial health is

(i) The prevention and maintenance of physical, mental and social wellbeing of workers
in all occupations.

(ii) Prevention among workers of ill-health caused by the working conditions.

(iii) Protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse
to health

(iv) Placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his
physical and psychological equipment.

3. Discuss about the importance of industrial health?

Industrial environment can impair employees’ health because of the following:

 Malnutrition.

 Continuous work.

 Poor sanitary conditions.

 Environmental pollution like excessive smoke, sound and dust, and heat.

 Chemical effluents and contaminations of air and water.

 Stress and strain.

 Anxiety and uncertainty.

 Time pressure conditions.

 Fatigue introduced by monotony of work.

 Exhaustion due to poor design of work place and tools.

So better industrial health serve following purposes:

• Reduction in employees’ turnover.

 • Reduction in absenteeism, alcoholism and accidents.

• Low number of occupational diseases.

• High productivity and efficiency.

• Reduction in wastages.

• Improved morale and motivation.

4. Define Accidents?

Accidents – “Any occurrence taking place within the premises of industrial establishment
arising out of and in the course of employment which is not planned or intended which might
disrupt orderly progress of scheduled work and might cause injury or death to person or result
damage to equipment, material buildings or infrastructure but exclude self inflicted personal
injuries of employees of the organisation”.

• Workers Compensation Act 1923 – “An occurrence , mishap or untoward event

which is not expected or designed for and arising out of and in the course of
employment of an industrial worker”.

• Factories Act, 1948 – “An occurrence in an industrial establishment causing bodily

injury to a person which make him unfit to resume his duties in the next 48 hours”.

5. Define Industrial Injury?

Factories Act 1948 – “ A personal injury to an employee which has been caused by an
accident or an occupational disease and which arises out of or in the course of employment
and which could entitle such employee to compensation under workers compensation
act1923”.

6. Define Personal Injury?

Workers Compensation Act – “Any damage done to a workman by an accident and includes
physical, mental, psychological and physiological damages”.

7. Define Disablement?

Workers Compensation Act 1923 – “Loss of capacity to work or move due to an accident
resulting loss or reduction of earning capacity. It could be total, partial permanent or
temporary”.

8. How accident rate can be reduced?

Accident rate can be reduced be the following:

• Expert engineering skill in design of building, layout and machines.

• Expert individual operators.

• Development of team spirit.

 • Safety consciences and top management support.

9. What are the main causes for accidents?

Causes of accidents can be broadly divided under the following four broad classifications:

• Intrinsic causes.

• Extrinsic causes.

• Personal causes.

• Exogenous causes.

10. How to compute accident rate?

In order to maintain standardisation, following two rates are computed:

 Frequency rate of accidents:

Frequency Rate = (Number of injuries/Employee man-hours exposure) x 10, 00,000.

 Severity rate of accidents:

Severity Rate = (Total man-days lost/ Employee man-hours exposure) x 10, 00,000.

11. What are the information’s required in an accident record?

Following are the information to be recorded in regards to accident:

• Total number of employees met with accidents.

• The severity of accident details of injury.

• The kind or work/occupation of employee who was involved.

• The date, time, shift and place of occurrence.

• The service period/seniority and other employment particulars of employees.

• The biological details of employee.

• The immediate cause of accident.

12. What are the preventive steps required to reduce accidents?

Basically preventive methods come under the following two broad classifications:

 Reducing unsafe conditions.

 Reducing unsafe acts.

13. “National safety council in USA has lent down 3 E’s approach to prevent accidents”.
Elucidate.
  Engineering – Proper work centres, machines, equipment, tools and lay out.

 Education – It involves training and development, conducting seminars and safety

weeks, publishing publicity materials on safety and many other steps to inculcate
safety conscienceness in the minds of employees.

 Enforcement – It involves positive and negative actions encouraging acts promoting

safety and discouraging unsafe acts by punitive punishment and disciplinary actions.

14. What do you mean by Occupational Hazards?

Employees in industries are exposed to certain health hazards and occupational diseases.
These are broadly classified under the following headings:

 Chemical.

 Biological.

 Environmental.

 Psychological.

15. What do you mean by chemical hazards?

Gases, fumes and dust raised by industrial processes are dangerous to human beings. The
common chemical compounds of industrial gases/fumes consist of the following:

 Carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen-oxide,

Ozone, Sulphuric acid, acetic acid, fumeric acid, tannic acid, limes and alkalies.

 By inhaling such fumes, workers may suffer from respiratory disorders, skin diseases,
allergy, heart-attacks, cancer and neurological disorders.

 These diseases can be temporary or chronic in nature.

 Often such diseases cannot be easily diagonised by lack of apparent symptoms.

 Even after treatment disease can re-appear due to continuous exposure.

16. What are the various forms of environmental hazards?

 Noise pollution.

 Water pollution.

 Air pollution.

 Vibrations and shocks.

 Excessive heats.

 Radiations.
  Illumination.

 Ventilation.

17. What do you mean by biological hazards?

These are manifested by diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, insects, dietary
deficiencies, excessive drinking, imbalances, allergies, brain fever and tetanus.

18. What do you mean by psychological hazards?

Industrial stress can cause emotional disturbance, which lead to fatigue, and exhaustion. This
will impair efficiency and judgement.

19. What do you mean by Occupational Diseases?

Occupational diseases are caused by prevailing working conditions. Such diseases when
noticed are to be intimated to the government authorities.

• Lead poisoning

• Lead-tetra ethyl poisoning

• Phosphorous, Manganese, Mercury, Arsenic, Carbon bisulphide, Benzene, Halogen,

Mineral oil, Chemicals and paint poisoning.

• Anthrax

• Silicosis

• Primary skin cancer

• Radiation

• Toxic jaundice and toxic anaemia.

• Asbestosis

• Loss of hearing due to noise pollution.

20. How to protect employees against Health Hazards?

An industrial establishment should protect its employees against health hazards:

(i) By substituting a less toxic substance for the hazardous chemicals, by isolating
the process, or by protective clothing, handling and warning devices, and by
providing safety education.

(ii) By ensuring that firms using radiation in their manufacturing process insist that
their employees wear badges which indicate the amount of radiation they have
been exposed to.

(iii) By controlling noise in factories, by segregating noisy equipment, by dampening

vibration, or by redesigning noisy equipments or by the use of vibration
 absorbing material at certain points. The employee may be asked to wear ear
coverings or ear-plugs.

(iv) By devoting adequate attention to lighting, temperature, and atmospheric

conditions, by controlling dust, fumes, gases and by providing protective devices,
clothing, goggles and shields.

21. How to protect employees against occupational diseases?

An industrial establishment must protect their employees against occupational diseases. There
are two steps:

 Preventive measures:

• Pre-employment medical examination.

• Periodic post employment medical examination.

• Removal of hazardous materials/processes wherever possible.

• Emergency treatment in case of accidents.

• Availability of First- Aid Equipments.

• Training of first aid treatments.

• Education of workers on health and hygiene.

• Proper factory layout and illumination.

• Proper design of factory building with proper ventilation.

• Proper effluent disposal treatment plants.

• Careful design of work places and tools.

• Careful design and selection of handling equipment.

• Proper redesign of job to remove monotony and fatigue.

• Proper scheduling the work with adequate rest.

• Surveillance of employees exposed to health hazards.

 Curative measures:

• Adequate medical treatment.

• Allowing adequate period of recuperating.

• Adequate compensation.

• Provision of best medical treatment from outside hospitals.

22. List down certain statutory provisions to safeguard employees against occupational
diseases/hazards.

 Cleanliness.

 Disposal of wastes and effluents.

 Adequate ventilation and temperature.

 Protection against dust and fumes.

 Lighting/illumination adequacy.

 Prevention of over crowing.

 Provision of potable drinking water.

 Provision of latrines/urinals.

 Provision of First Aids.

 Compensation on injury/sickness due to occupational diseases.

23. List down the statutory provisions regarding Health.

• Cleanliness.

• Disposal of wastes and effluents.

• Ventilation and temperature.

• Dust and fumes.

• Artificial Humidification.

• Over Crowding.

• Lighting.

• Arrangements for drinking water.

• Conservancy arrangements.

• Spittoons.

24. List down the statutory provisions regarding Safety.

 Fencing of machinery.

 Work on or near Machinery in motion.

 Employment of young person’s on dangerous machines.

 Striking gear and devices for cutting off power.

  Self acting machines.

 Casing of new machinery.

 Prohibition of employment of women and children near cotton openers.

 Hoists, Lifts, Lifting machines.

 Revolving machinery.

 Pressure plant.

 Floors, Stairs and means of access.

 Pits, sumps, openings in floors.

 Excessive weights.

 Protection of eyes.

 Precautions against dangerous fumes.

 Precautions regarding the use of portable electric light.

 Explosive or inflammable dust, gas.

 Precaution n case of fire.

 Power to require specifications of defective parts or tests of stability.

 Safety of buildings and machinery.

 Maintenance of buildings.

25. What is the role of a safety officer?

The role of a safety officer in an organisation should be:

 Checking plant layout and equipment to conform to safety.

 Setting safety standards of the company.

 Supervise purchase, testing, installation and periodic checking of fire fighting

equipment.

 Planning and setting up of safety devices on as required basis.

 Oversee housekeeping and maintenance of plant and equipment.

 Ensure adequate safety inspection at periodic intervals and recording thereof.

 Planning and implementing safety education and training.

 Maintaining and updating safety and health hazards.

  Accident analysis and identifying causes and taking preventive measures and
maintain accident records.

 Carry out R&D work on safety measures.

 Liaise with officials from other agencies and government department in connection
with investigation of accidents.

 Maintain correspondence/files in regard to injuries, compensation, and medical

treatment in regards to accidents.

26. Define the term “Counselling”?

Counselling is a dyadic relationship between two persons: a manager who is offering help
(Counsellor) and an employee whom such help is given (Counsellee).

27. What are the two types of counselling?

It may be formal or informal. Formal counselling is a planned and systematic way of offering
help to subordinates by expert counsellors. Informal counselling is concerned with day-to-day
relationships between the manager and his subordinates where help is readily offered without
any formal plan.

• Formal counselling: It is a type of counselling that takes place between the manager
and the workers. In this the manager listens carefully to the workers problems and
tries to solve them.

• Informal counselling: It is a type of counselling in which, the counselee is free to talk

to the counsellor about his problem.

28. What do you mean by performance counselling?

“Performance counselling involves helping an employee understand his own performance,

find where he stands in relation to others and identify ways to improve his skills and
performance. It focuses, essentially, “on the analysis of performance of the job and
identification of training needs for further improvement”

29. List down the feature of counselling?

• The focus is on developmental, educational, preventive concerns

• Processes such as guidance, classification, suggestion etc. one commonly employed

• The emphasis is on problem-solving and situational difficulties

• The relationship between the counsellor and the counselee is friendly, advisory,
helpful and trustworthy.

• The aim is to clear the mind (of a counsellor) off cobwebs, mental blocks and
improve personal effectiveness

30. List down the objectives of counselling?

 Counselling helps a person overcome emotional problems and weaknesses relating to
performance. It aims at developing the counselee fully. It involves the following

• Help him realize his full potential

• Help him understand his strengths and weaknesses

• Gain insight into his behaviour and analyse the dynamics of such behaviour

• Help him understand the work environment better

• Provide an empathic climate where he can discuss his tensions, complicity and
problems

• Increase his personal and inter-personal effectiveness through prompt about his
behaviour

• Prepare action plans for improving his behaviour and performance

31. What do you mean by psychological problems?

Psychological - something to do with the mind or your behaviour. "He has psychological
problems" - he is mentally disturbed.

Psychological problems: Symptoms affecting emotional or psychological factors.

Psychological problems refer to the mental disorder or distress which makes a person not to
perform or distract the person from the performance. Psychological problems in industries
mainly arise due to the work stress, overloading the work etc. These psychological problems
affect the well being of a person in the family and industry.

32. List down the Psychological problems?

 Depression
 Anxiety Disorders
 Schizophrenia
 Childhood Disorders
 Impulse Control Disorders
 Personality Disorders
 Adjustment Disorders
 Family Problems
33. Mention the essential elements of counselling?

Empathy.

Mutuality.

Developing needs.

34. What are the three stages of counselling?

Rapport Building.

Exploration.
 Action Plan.

35. List down the benefits of counselling?

Counselling generally speaking, offers the following benefits to the counselee

He learns to respond and adjust more positively to people and situations

He is able to improve his personal effectiveness

He is able to clear the mind off emotional irritants; overcome his personal weaknesses
and work more effectively.

He feels more relaxed when he is able to share his concerns and problems with a trusted
friend, the counsellor who assures confidentiality and extends a helping hand readily.

PART –B

1. Explain in detail about workers’ Participation in management?

2. Define accidents and comment on the causes of accidents?

3. Discuss about industrial health and safety?

4. Discuss about the type of training programmes provided for workers’?

5. Explain the importance of Workers Education?

6. Comment on welfare measures?

7. Explain in detail about Counselling and its stages?
8. Explain in detail about Psychological problems?
 UNIT – V

PART - A

1. Define

Child - Child means a person who has not completed fourteen years of age.

Occupier – Occupier means the person who has ultimate control over the affairs of the
establishment or workshop.

Workshop – Workshop means any premises wherein any industrial process is carried on, but
does not include any premises to which the provisions of factories act applies.

2. Define Child Labour?

It came into existence in the year 1986. It is the act of employing a child who has not
completed fourteen years of age in an establishment to carry out the manufacturing process or
operation of the establishment.

3. Define Contract Labour?

A workman is considered to be employed as “contract labour” in or in connection with the

work of an establishment when he is hired for this work by or through a contractor with or
without the knowledge of the principle employer.

4. Define Contractors?

Contractors are the persons who undertake to produce a given result for an establishment
through contract labour, or who supply contract labour for any work of the establishment, and
include sub-contractors.

5. What are the main provisions of the Contract Labour Act?

a. Setting up of Advisory Boards.

b. Registration of Establishment.

c. Prohibition of employment of contract labour.

d. Licensing of contractors.

e. Welfare and Health of contract Labour.

f. Responsibility of payment of wages.

 g. Penalties.

h. Inspectors and Rules.

i. Rights of Contract Labour.

6. What is the procedure for registration of establishment?

Every principle employer has to get his establishment registered with the registration officer
appointed by the government for this purpose. The registration officer issues a registration
certificate if the establishment is accepted for registration. The contract labour cannot be
employed so long as the registration certificate has been issued or after it is revoked. The
employer has to pay a registration fee of twenty rupees to five hundred rupees depending on
the number of workers to be employed.

7. What is the procedure for Licensing of contractors?

Every contractor has to obtain a licence for employing contract labour from the licensing
officer appointment by the government for this purpose. In this application for a license he
has to mention the location of his establishment, the nature of the operation or the work for
which contract labour is to be employed, and such other particulars as may be required by the
licensing officer. He is charged a license fee, which may vary from five rupees to one
hundred and twenty five rupees, depending on the number of workers to be employed.

8. List down the provisions for Contract Labour?

 A sufficient supply of wholesome drinking water at convenient places.

 A sufficient number of latrines and urinals of the prescribed type conveniently

situated and accessible.

 Washing facilities.

 A first-aid box equipped with prescribed contents at every place where contract
labour is employed.

 One or more canteens.

9. What are the rights of contract labour?

The contract labour has the right to claim such working conditions, facilities and other
benefits as are provided for under the act and the rules framed there under.

10. Define Agricultural Labour?

According to the National Commission on Labour "an agricultural labourer is one who is
basically unskilled and unorganised and has little for its livelihood, other than personal
labour."
 Mishra and Puri have stated that "All those persons who derive a major part of their income
as payment for work performed on the farms of others can be designated as agricultural
workers.”

11.What are the classifications of Agricultural Labourers?

Agricultural labourers can be divided into four categories -
o Landless Labourers, who are attached to the land lords;
o Landless labourers, who are personally independent, but who work exclusively for
others;
o Petty farmers with tiny bits of land who devote most of their time working for others
and
o Farmers who have economic holdings but who have one or more of their sons and
dependants working for other prosperous farmers.

12. List down the Characteristics of Agricultural Labourers?

 Agricultural Labourers are Scattered
 Agricultural Labourers are Unskilled and Lack Training
 Unorganised Sector
 Low Social Status
 Demand and Supply of Labour
 Less Bargaining Power
 At the Bidding of the Landlord

13. What are the major causes for the Growth of Agricultural Labourers?
There are a number of factors responsible for the continuous and enormous increase in the
number of agricultural labourers in India. The more important among them are:
o Increase in population
o Decline of cottage industries and handicrafts
o Eviction of small farmers and tenants from land
o Uneconomic Holdings
o Increase in indebtedness
o Spread of the use of money and exchange system
o Capitalistic Agriculture
o Displacement of means of subsidiary occupations
o Disintegration of peasantry
o Break-up of joint family system

14. What are the measures taken by the Government to improve the Conditions of Agricultural
Labourers?
The Government has shown awareness of the problems of agricultural workers and all plan
documents have suggested ways and means to ameliorate the lot of these people. Measures
adopted by the Government for ameliorating the economic conditions of Agricultural
labourers are
1. Passing of minimum wage Act.
2. Abolition of Bonded Labourers
3. Providing land to landless labourers
4. Provision of Housing cities to houseless
5. Special schemes for providing employment
i) Crash Scheme for Rural Employment (CSRE)
ii) Pilot Intensive Rural Employment Project (PIREP)
iii) Food for works programme (FWP)
iv) National Rural Employment Programme (NREP)
v) Rural Landless Employment Programme (RLEP)
 vi) Drought Prone Area Programme (It was known as Rural Works Programme)
6. Jawahar Rojgar Yojana (which come in with the merger of NREP and RLEGP)
7. Desert Development Programme
8. National Scheme of Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSM)
9. Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA)
10. Abolition of Bonded Labourer Act
11. Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP)

15. List down the suggestions for the Improvement of Agricultural Labours?
The following suggestions can be made for the improvement of the socio-economic position
of the agricultural labourers:
o Better implementation of legislative measures.
o Improvement the bargaining position.
o Resettlement of agricultural workers
o Creating alternative sources of employment
o Protection of women and child labourers
o Public works programmes should be for longer period in year
o Improving the working conditions
o Regulation of hours of work
o Improvements in Agricultural sector
o Credit at cheaper rates of interest on easy terms of payment for undertaking
subsidiary occupation.
o Proper training for improving the skill of farm labourers
o Cooperative farming

16. Define Construction Labour?

Construction labours can be found on almost all construction sites, performing a wide range
of tasks from the very easy to the hazardous. They can be found at building, highway, and
heavy construction sites; residential and commercial sites; tunnel and shaft excavations; and
demolition sites. Construction workers are employed in the construction industry and work
predominantly on construction sites and are typically engaged in aspects of the industry other
than design or finance.

17. List down the welfare measures provided for construction labourers.

• Latrine and urinal accommodation

• Canteens

• Serving of tea and snacks at the work places

• Drinking water

• Wash area

• Charges of food stuff at subsidized rate

18. Discuss about Female Labour?

Certain restrictions have been placed under the act on the employment of women:
 • Hours of work – No women can be allowed to work for more than the maximum
daily hours of work i.e., nine hours a day. No women shall be employed in any
factory except between the hours of 6 a.m. and 7 p.m.

• Work on or near machinery in motion – No women shall be allowed to clean,

lubricate or adjust any part of the machinery while the prime mover or transmission
machinery is in motion or to work between moving parts, or between fixed and
moving parts of any machinery which is in motion.

• Prohibition of employment of women near cotton openers – No women shall be

employed in any part of a factory for pressing cotton in which a cotton-opener is at
work.

• Excessive weights - No women shall be allowed to lift, carry or move any excessive
weights as may be prescribed by the state government.

• Crèches – There shall be provided and maintained a suitable room for the use of
children under the age of six years of such women.

• Dangerous operations – When the state government declares any operation in any
factory as dangerous or injurious to the health of women, it may make rules
prohibiting or restricting the employment of women in that operation.

19. What is differently able Labour?

Differently able persons means the lack of competent physical and mental capabilities; the
absence of legal capability to perform an act.

• Inability to function normally, physically or mentally; incapacity.

• Anything that causes disability.
• as defined by the federal government: “inability to engage in any substantial
gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental
impairment which can be expected to last or has lasted for a continuous
period of not less than 12 months.”

20. What is BPO?

BPO or Business Process Outsourcing is a process in which an organization is purchasing

services from another organization which specializes in certain functions that the former
needed.
Business Process Outsourcing is the long-term contracting out of non-core business processes
to an outside provider to help achieve increased shareholder value.BPO as expanded sounds
as Business Process Outsourcing and can be aptly defined as the act of utilizing the services
of a third party by a company in order to perform its back office operations that might be
payroll administration, customer help desks/ call centres, tele- marketing, accounting, billing;
the list is endless.

21. What is KPO?

 KPO stands for Knowledge Process Outsourcing. KPO involves off shoring of knowledge
intensive business processes that require specialised domain expertise, thus delivering high
value to organisations by providing business expertise rather than just process expertise.

22. List down the benefits of BPO.

• Increase productivity
• Cut operational costs
• Provide better service
• Save costs
• Improved accountability

23.List down the BPO Advantages.

Cost reductions- Cost reduction is done through process improvements, reengineering and
use of technologies that reduce and bring administrative and other costs under control.

Concentration on core business- With the day-to-day back office operations taken care of,
the management is free to concentrate more on the core business of the company.

• Outside expertise- Company is saved from the hassles of recruiting and training
personnel. BPOs ensure that experts from another company provide the needed guidance
and skills.

• Cater to changing customer demands- It is another great advantage of out sourcing the
business processes. Many BPOs provide the management with flexible and scalable
services to meet the customers' changing requirements, and to support company
acquisitions, consolidations, and joint ventures.

• Revenue increase- As stated above, by outsourcing non-core processes, companies can

concentrate on increasing their sales and market share, develop new products; spread out
into new markets and increase customer service and satisfaction

24.List down the BPO Disadvantages.

• poor quality control

• decreased company loyalty
• a lengthy bid process
• a loss of strategic alignment

25. What are the activities undertaken by BPO?

BPO undertakes

• Data processing
• Basic data entry
• Setting up of a bank account
• Department Outsourcing
• Provides technical support
• Provides email support to its customers

26. What are the activities undertaken by KPO?

 KPO undertakes:

• More granular market and customer segmentation (e.g., the ability to do make
retention or acquisition campaigns work at a micro-market level)
• More predictive response modelling and propensity/cross-sell/up sell modelling
• Precision marketing, churn prediction and management, customized products and
services in finance, insurance, telecom services
• For retailers, store and shelf space management at neighbourhood market level and
store level
• Promotional efficiency tracking at micro-market level
• Category/brand performance measurement, tracking and control at micro-market
level
• Market mix modelling at lower granularity levels of product, geography and time
dimensions
• Precision and dynamic pricing, promotion and product portfolio design and
optimization
• Primary, secondary and web-based market research
• Monetization, predictive analysis and portfolio management of intellectual property
and patents
• Analytics and optimization algorithm R&D for ISVs in enterprise application areas
such as, SCM, SRM, ERP, CRM, MR, BI, BPM

27. What is the difference between BPO and KPO?

BPO KPO
• It provides services like customer • KPO provides in-depth knowledge,
care, technical support through voice expertise and analysis on complex areas
processes, tele-marketing, sales, etc. like Legal Services, Business & Market
Research, etc.
• Low end services
• Process expertise • High end services
• Pre-defined processes • Knowledge expertise
• Requires application, understanding of
• It employees not- so- qualified business and analytical bent of mind
workers as it focuses on
communication skills • It involves skill and expertise of
knowledge workers with excellent
educational background.

28. What is social security?

Social security is primarily a social insurance program providing social protection, or

protection against socially recognized conditions, including poverty, old age, disability,
unemployment and others. Social security may refer to:

• social insurance, where people receive benefits or services in recognition of

contributions to an insurance scheme. These services typically include provision for
retirement pensions, disability insurance, survivor benefits and unemployment
insurance.
 • income maintenance—mainly the distribution of cash in the event of interruption of
employment, including retirement, disability and unemployment
• services provided by administrations responsible for social security. In different
countries this may include medical care, aspects of social work and even industrial
relations.
• More rarely, the term is also used to refer to basic security, a term roughly equivalent
to access to basic necessities—things such as food, clothing, shelter, education,
money, and medical care.

PART – B

1. Explain in detail about the main provisions of the child labour act?
2. Explain in detail about the main provisions of the contract labour act?
3. Explain in detail about differently able persons?
4. Discuss about Employment of women in establishment?
5. Discuss about Construction labour?
6. Discuss about Agricultural Labour in India?
7. Explain in detail about BPO and KPO?
8. Discuss about Social Security and Social Assistance?