1*4-7-

COHF-8406 47—9
DE84 009185

HYDRODYNAMIC MASS

",. « a'S?
by

H. Chung and S. S. Chen

Components Technology Division

Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne, Illinois

DISCLAIMER
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bv a contractor of the U. S. Government
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Accordingly, the U. S. Government retains a
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or reproduce the published form of this
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OF THIS OOCfflUEIfT IS DNUMIIED

 ABSTRACT

Many structural components contain, or are submerged in, a fluid. The

fluid moving with a vibrating structure has an important effect on the

dynamics of the structure, particularly on its natural frequencies. The

effect of the fluid on natural frequencies can be accounted for using the

hydrodynamic mass associated with the structure. This paper provides

formulas, graphs, and computer programs for calculating hydrodynamic mass.

 NOMENCLATURE

Hydrodynamic mass of cylinder array per unit length kg/m

m Hydrodynamic mass coefficient diraensionless

c
v
Viscous damping coefficient kg/m-sec

e
i' g
i
Hydrodynamic forces per unit length on cylinder in N/m
x and y directions, respectively

Natural frequencies in vacuo and in fluid, respectively Hz

V' f
Hydrodynamic forces per unit length on cylinder array N/m
in x and y directions, respectively

Gap between two bodies m

Imaginary part of complex quantities dimensionless

Io > In Modified Bessel functions of the first kind dimensionless

Modified Bessel functions of the second kind dimensionless

o' n
k Number of bodies in a structural system dimensionless
4
I Moment of inertia
m
Hydrodynamic moment of inertia per unit length
a
kg-m
M Structural mass of a body per unit length
kg/m
Hydrodynamic mass per unit length (c pV)
kg/m
Hydrodynamic mass per unit area (c pR.)
kg/ra
m. . Element of hydrodynamic mass matrix (per unit length)
13 for multiple bodies kg/m

Element of hydrodynamic mass matrix (per unit area) kg/m

N Degress of freedom for multiple bodies dimensionless

Degrees of freedom for a body dimensionless

 NOMENCLATURE (Contd.)

R>R. Radius of a cylinder, or sphere m

e
R ( ) Real part of complex quantities dimensionless
(r, G, z) Cylindrical coordinates (m, dimensionlesE
m)

(r. , 6., Z.) Local cylindrical coordinates associated with cylinder i (m, dimensionlesi
X X X *
m)

Position vector in cylindrical coordinates m

Distance between the center of i cylinder to the origin m
of global coordinate system
2
S dimensionless
Dimensionless number (uR. /v)
t sec
Time
T N
Torque per unit length on cylinder array
m
Displacement of a body
v Displacement of cylinder i in x and y directions, m
V i respectively

V U2 Displacement of cylinder array in x and y directions,

respectively
m

V Volume of a body m

13, *±y
Hydrodynamic masses per unit length kg/m
O". . , T . .

Y Hydrodynamic mass moment of inertia per unit length kg-m

e Angular displacement rad

v Eigenvalue of hydrodynamic mass matrix N/m

V Kinematic viscosity of fluid m /sec

Element of hydrodynamic mass coefficient matrix dimensionless

Fluid density kg/m

phase angle between coordinate systems
 I. INTRODUCTION

When a structural component which is submerged in a fluid vibrates, the

surrounding fluid must be displaced to accommodate these motions. As a result,

fluid pressures are generated. In turn, the integrated effect of these pressures

produces a hydrodynamic force acting on the structure.

The fluid moving with the structure has an important effect on the dynamics

of the vibrating structure; particularly, its natural frequencies and damping

characteristics. The influence on the natural frequency is associated with the

hydrodynamic mass, while the damping effect is attributed to dissipative viscous

loss and acoustic radiation.

Ideally, the hydrodynamic force should be calculated based on the three-

dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. Obviously, this is difficult, even in simple

cases. In many practical situations, the effects of fluid viscosity and com-

pressibility on the hyOrodynamic mass can be neglected. In these cases,

incompressible potential flow theory can be used to calculate the hydrodynamic

mass.

The objective of this paper is to provide formulas and graphs for computing

hydrodynamic mass. While it is recognized that fluid damping is important in

structural response, analytical solutions including viscous effects are difficult

to obtain. Therefore, fluid damping effect will be presented only for a few simple

cases to illustrate the general characteristics.

 II. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

A structural component moving at a constant velocity in an infinite

ideal fluid encounters no resistance. This phenomenon is commonly referred

to as D'Alembert's paradox. In contrast, a body moving at a variable

velocity, even in a condition of potential flow, experiences a resistance;

the body behaves as though an added mass of fluid were rigidly attached to and

moving with it. When the body is subjected to an excitation, not only must the

mass of the body be accelerated, but also that of the added fluid mass. The

total force required to accelerate the body is given by f 1] :

F - (M + m) ^ f + cv £ . (1)

Where M is the body mass, m is referred to as hydrodynamic mass (or added mass),

and c is the viscous damping coefficient. Note that two force components are

associated with the fluid motion:

8u
(1) in — r , in phase with the acceleration, arises

3t

because the fluid moves as the body oscillates.

(2) c -r—• , opposing the movement of the body, is

V dt

attributed to fluid viscosity.

The hydrodynamic mass is proportional to the fluid density p and the body

volume V, and is given by:

m = p V cm , (2)

where c is the hydrodynamic mass coefficient. The sum of the hydrodynamic mass

and the body mass is called the virtual mass or the apparent mass.
 Equation (1) corresponds to a body moving in a particular direction. For

a body having three degrees of freedom both in translation and rotation, a

complete descriptioa of the hydrodynamic mass requires a six-by-six matrix. The

hydrodynamic masses for multiple bodies with N degrees of freedom are represented

by [m..] (i,j = i, 2, 3, ..., N ) . It can be shown that [m..] is symmetric; thus

for multiple bodies with N degress of freedom, the number of terms needed to

completely describe the hydrodynamic mass is N(N + I)/2.

In a structural component consisting of multiple bodies, the situation is

more complicated. The motions of multiple bodies can be classified as individual

motion and composite motion. In the former one, each body oscillates as an in-

dividual unit, while in the latter, all bodies oscillate as a rigid body. For

demonstration;, a group of circular cylinders, vibrating in an ideal fluid will be

considered.

1. Individual Motion

Consider a group of k cylindrical bodies vibrating in an incompressible

fluid, as shown in Fig. 1. The axes of the cylinders are parallel and per-

pendicular to the x-y plane. The displacement components of cylinder i are

u. and v. in the x and y directions respectively. The hydrodynamic force

components acting on cylinder i in the x and y directions are f. and g.

respectively. It is shown that [2,3]

1
f. = - I a. .
I
(3)

where a.., a.., T.., and f3.. are hydrodynamic masses. It also has been shown that
^3 i3 iJ ij
 a.. = a.. ; 3.. = 3.. ;

Equations (3) show the hydrodynamic forces in the x and y direction due

to cylinder motion in these d i r e c t i o n s . The hydrodynamif. forces in the other

d i r e c t i o n s , x' and y1 , can be calculated as follows:

u. = ulcosi - vising ,

v. = ujsir.v + v!cos'4> ,
1 1 1
(5)
f.. = f_!co3v - gjsinif; ,

8 =
i ,

where u' and v! are displacement components in the x' and y1 directions for

cylinder i. Substituting Eqs. (5) into (3), one can solve for f! and g! ;

k
f! = - : / a!. — ^ + a]
lj
at at

(6)
2 2 '
3 u! 3 v!
e' = - Z f T' 1 +

where
2 2
a1. . = a. . cos "> + S. . sin ^ + (a. . + x. . )sin^ COSIJJ ,

2 2
a! . = a. . cos ^ - x . .sin 41 + (6 . . - a. .) sini) cosij; ,

2 2
x! . = -a . .sin~!!> + x . .cos ty + ( 3 . . - a. ^) sin6 costjj , (7)
? 2
3 ! . = a. . sin~0 + 3 . . cos ^ - (a. . + x . .) sini> cosij;
Equations (7) define the transformation of the hydrodynamic mass. Naturally,

the symmetric properties are still preserved in the new coordinate system.

2. Composite Motion

In addition to the individual cylinder motion, the whole array may

respond as a rigid body. This involves translational motions in the :<

and y directions and torsional oscillations.

A. Translational Motion

Consider the translational notion in the x and y directions.

For composite motion,

U
i " Ul •

v± = U 2 , (i = 1, 2, 3, ... k ) . (3)

The resultant force acting on the whole cylinder array can be resolved

into two components F. and F_ in the x and y directions;

k
r1 — i J. , v. --1

f
Substituting Eqs. (3) into (9) and using 8) yields

F
2 =-
where

a
12
" i = l 3=1

k k (11)
a = : i
21
i=l j=l

k k
a = Z I
22
i=l j=l

Since a.. =x

a12 - a n _ (12)

The symmetry of the hydrodynamic mass for composite motion is similar to that of

individual motion. The transformation of the hydrodynamic mass is also similar;

2 2
a' = a^ cos \}i + a. s i n ty + (a „ +• =, )sini> cosii/ ,
2 2
a
12 = a 2 i c o s ^ ~ a 2 1 s i n \p + ( a 2 2 - = i ; L )sin^ cosif- ,
2 2
a = - a s i n vp + a c o s

2
a = a s i n
22

B. Rotational Motion

Assume that the cylinder array rotates around the z-axis with an
90
angular velocity — . The cylinder accelerations associated with the
01

rotation are as follows:

3 u. .2.
1 - . . 3 0
- rSln9

3
^4
 where r. is the distance from the center of the cylinder to the z-axis, and r.

is the angle between the x-axis and the position vector r.. The torque is

given by
k
T = Z [-f.r.sine. + g.r.cosS.] . (15)
1 1 1 X 1 1
i=l
Substituting Eqs. (3) into (15) and using (14) yields

where
k k _
Y = E E (r r )
3
i=l j=l

(a. .sin9.sin6. - a. . sin I-. cos8 . - T . .cos9 . sin9 .

+ £..cosO.cosS.)

Therefore, y is the hydrohynamic mass moment of inertia.

The hydrodynainic masses for multiple bodies based on Eq. (3) can be

written in matrix form [m..]. For a structure containing k bodies, in which

each body possesses N T degrees of freedom, the order of the matrix will be

N(=N' x k). Since [m..] is symmetric, one can find the N eigenvalues of the

hydrodynamic mass matrix [m..]. These eigenvalues are called effective hydro-

dynamic masses. In many practical applications, the effective hydrodynamic

masses for multiple bodies play the same role as the hydrodynamic mass for a

single body [2].

Although circular cylindrical structures are used as examples, the results

presented in this section are also valid for other structural shapes, such as a

group of rectangular cylinders.

A generic word "hydrodynainic mass" will be used for referring to both hydrod;—.arsic
mass and hydrodynamic moment of inertia.
 III. NATURAL FREQUENCIES

1. Single 3ody

The effect of added mass on a single body is to reduce its natural

frequency bv a factor of ( T — — ) ; i.e., the natural frequency in fluid

cl+m

f , is related to the natural frequency in vacuum f by the following

equation:
f
f " fv (
M-hn > (17)

where M is the structural mass and m is -he hydrodynamic mass.

2. Multiple Bodies

In a group of bodies, if all other b:dies are stationary except the

one being considered, this type of oscillation is called uncoupled mode.

The natural frequency in this case can be obtained in the same way as a

single body.

When all bodies can move freely these bodies will oscillate in a co-

herent manner. This type of oscillation is called coupled mode. In general,

the hydrodynamic mass matrix has to be incorporated in the structural mass co

obtain the coupled-mode natural frequencies; no simple expression can be cb-

tained for the natural frequencies of ccupled modes. However, when all bodies

are identical, a similar equation relating the frequencies in vacuum and in

liquid is available:

H
f - f
f (
<
f v M+p

where y is one of the eigenvalues of the hydrodynamic mass matrix. In a

multiple-body structure with N degrees of freedom, Eq. (18) gives N natural

frequencies.
Similar techniques can be employed for composite motion, provided the

hydrodynanic mass matrix for composite notion is utilized.

IV. HYDRODYNAMIC MASS

1.. Simple Two-Dimensional Bodies

A. A Single Cylinder in an Infinite Fluid

For a long, circular cylinder vibrating in an infinite, viscous

fluid, in the direction perpendicular to its axis, c and c are

given by [1]:

c = Re(H) , (19)
in
and
2
c 7 = -OTTR wlm(H) ,

where
4K (a)
H=1 i -*-

a = \/±

2
6jR
S (20)
V

when S is very large,

, 2>/2~
c - 1

and

2/TT 2
-I
rz— S

Values of H are given in Fig. 2 as a function of S.

B. A Cylinder Vibrating in a Fluid Annulus

For transverse vibration, c and c^ are defined as in Eqs. (19),

except H is given as follows [1]:

 10

H = {2a[I.a;X 0 (3) - I0(3)KQ(a)] - 4a[I,-:i):<

+ 42r(I»(a)K 1 (6) + I., (|3)Kn(a)] - 8 r ' I (a)K, (S) - I
T {3"(: - r 2 )[I 0 (a)K 0 ((3) - I0(B)K0(2}] + 2ar[I Q (0)^(3) (21)

- IAiji;r(2) + I, (B)K (a) - I (g)K ;!£)] + 2ar 2 [I (g(K. (a)

1 0 - L U ( J l U l

- IQC-^^K.CCJ) + ^ ( 0 ) ^ ( 8 ) - I ^ C O K Q C S ) ] } - 1 ,
where

a = I'TS ,

3 =^>1S ,

r = ?v. ,'R, ,

and -,
c == —

Values of ?ve(H) and Im(H) are presented in rigs. 3 and 4 .

C. A Circular Cylinder Near a Wall

The hycrcdynamic mass for a circular cylinder near a parallel wall i s

independent of the direction of motion in an ideal fluid; c is given by
[4]

C :
m" " " S±nh\\ l
ilShCto) (22)
}C—_L

where
a = In
 11

Values of z_ are presented in Fig. 5.

D. A Circular Cylindrical Shell Containing Fluid

The hydrodynamic mass of a circular cylindrical shell depends on the

shell vibrazional modes. The closed-forr> solution is difficult to obtain,

except for a shell with simply supported end conditions. For a simply

supported shell containing ideal fluid [5] :

(23)

where m is the hydrodynamic mass per unit area, and c is given by

c =
~ [I (a ))
s da n s
(24)
2-R
a =

Note that -_(:0 is the modified Bessel function of the first kind.

c_ depends on the circumferential wave number n and the axial wave

number a . Values of c are presented in Fig. 6 as functions of a for

different r..

E. Two Parallel Circular Cylinders

The hydr^dynaE: c mass matrices are as follows [6] for motion in the x

direction (in-plane motion),

'R + R
1 2
"12
(25)
[m..] = :- R +
l V R
9
2 J 22
 12

and for motion in the y direction (out of plane),

R + R
R l 2
lvll

R + (26)
i V
V'22

The motions i n the two d i r e c t i o n s are uncoupled. \ ) . . , v . . , and

are given by

R2) + (R2 - R2) :

a u - l +

- 2 P 2 (R 2 + R2) + (R2 - R2)

22
sinh(£a)

0
/ O O O 0 0 «»
2R
K < •o -2p (R. + R~) + & ; - R,) „ . „, ,„ , , „. 1
l"2 ll + c
1 2 22 2_ 1 _ £=1
Z £ coth(xa)exp(-2Za)
'12

1/2
0 9?
2 2 2
p - R - R (27)
2R R
1 2

2 ,"
1/2,
2
* < -
- R
-1
2pR,
2 1/2.
2 2 „? , T.2
1 3 R + R
2 ~ 1 2
a 2 = 2 Sin -1
A
2

where p = R. + ?..-, + G.

Values of v i n and v, are presented in F i g s . 7 and 8; v_ o can be obtained from

' 1 1 •""• V 1 92 22
Fig. 7 by exchanging the subscripts 1 and 2. tor example, consider two
 13

cylinders: R = 1.0, R 2 = 2.0, and G - i.0; these give G/R1 = 1 and

R /R =2.0. From Fig. 7, v1;L = 1.058. Then let R = 2.0, and R 2 = 1.0;

these give G/R, = 0.5 and Rj/R.. = 0.5. Again, from Fig. 7, v,, = 1.036.

=
Therefore, using the original subscripts of 3 = 1.0 and R ? = 2.0, v « 2

1.036.

F. A Group of Cylinders

Consider a group of k parallel cylinders sumberged in an infinite

ideal fluid (Fig. 1 ) . Each cylinder can nove in the x and y directions.

Let u. and u , d e s i g n a t e the displacement components of cylinder i in the

x and y directions, respectively. The hydrodynamic forces acting on cylinder

i are given by F. in the x direction and F, in the y direction. F. is

given by [2,3]

2k 3 2 u.
F, = 2 ™ i , i = i, 2, 3, .., 2k (28)
1 J
j=l 9t

where m.. is the element of the hydrodynanic rsass matrix. Equation (28)

also may be written

2k/R. + R.\ 2 3 2 u-
F. ^iJ^T^j P'Vy ^ , (29)
where R. is the radius of cylinder i, and v.. is the element of the hydro-

dynamic mass coefficient matrix. When all cylinders are of the same radius,

m,. is equal to v.. multiplied by the fluid nass displaced by the cylinder.

A computer program for calculating v.. is available (see Section III.3).

 14

G. Two Coaxial Cylindrical Shells with a Fluid-Filled Gap

Two coaxial shells are shown in Fig. 12. The hydrodynamic forces

acting on the two shells per unit area are 7, and F 2 , these are given by

a
n
ll

(30)
m« m.
'22

The hydrodynariic mass matrix [m..] per ur.it shell surface area is given by

R
1 V 11
- p
. .
"R2V21 R
2

r (3) (a) a (a)l

"11

(31)
(5 K
'21 > n

|_ [r (a) K n (6) - :<; (.) I n (3)]

a)]
a3 [r (a) 10 (3) - i; (3) K^ (

where the prine denotes differentiation -..-i-h respect to the argument of the

modified Szssel functions I and K , and r. is the circumferential wave nuab

n n
When a and £ are very small, i t can be sr.r-— t h a t

'11 '22 (32)

 15

(32)
V = V
12 21 (Contd.)

H. Summary of Other Two-Dimensional Bodies with Simple Geometrical Shapes

Table 1 shows the hydrodynamic masses taken from Refs. [7-12]. Note

that the hydrodyna^ic moment of inertia coefficient is the ratio of hydro-

dynamic moment of inertia (I ) to the moment of inertia of the displaced

a
fluid (pi); i.e.,

C T = I /pi • (33)
X a.

2. Simple Three-Diiaensional Single Bodies

The hydrodynamic nasses for simple three-dimensional single bodies are

presented in Table 2. These data are taken from Refs. [7-9,11,14-22] and

are based on three-dimensional potential flow theory. For flat bodies, it is

defined to be independent of structure thickness (see Table 2 ) .

3. Computer Programs

Two computer programs are developed for calculations of hydrodynamic masses.

Detailed descriptions of the program will not be presented here. However, the

Fortran listings of these programs are available upon request from the authors.

A. AMASS

This program calculates hydrodynamic nass matrix for a group of circular

cylinders submerged in a fluid; the fluid nay be infinite or contained a

confined region by a larger cylinder. The cylinders may be of different

diameters and arranged in any pattern [2,3]. The numerical technique used

in the program is based on the series expansion of the solution for the

potential flow.
 16

2. AMASS-FEM

Hydrodynamic mass for structures of irregular and complex geometry can

be effectively calculated by utilizing finite element analysis techniques.

For small-amplitude motions of a structure submerged in an inviscid, in-

compressible fluid, the problem requires solving the linearized Navier-Stokes

and continuity equations. This problem can be solved numerically via a finite-

element method based on a method of weighted residuals.

Quadratic and linear shape functions are adopted to respectively represent

velocity and pressure components, and used the Galerkin method to develop a

finite element computer program. This program calculates the hydrodynamic mass

matrix for multiple two-dimensional structures coupled by a fluid medium [13].

V. CONCLUDING REMARKS

The methods for calculating hydrodynamic mass presented in this paper are

primarily based on potential flow theory. Linear theory yields sufficiently

accurate results, provided the vibration amplitude is small. In many practical

situations, the structure displacement is much smaller than the structural

characteristic length; in these cases linear theory is applicable. As the

structure displacement becomes large, nonlinear effects of the fluid field become

important. In fact, it has been shown that the hydrodynamic mass is a function

of the vibration amplitude [24], and that the damping is a function of the first

and second powers of the cylinder velocity [25]_

The results presented for cylinders are based on two-dimensional flow theory;

i.e., the axial motion of the fluid is neglected. Two-dimensional theory tends to

overestimate the hydrodynamic mass. However, this is justified if the wavelength

is much larger than the cylinder diameter. Many practical situations satisfy
 17

this requirement. However, when the wavelength is comparable with the diamecer,

such as a cylindrical shell, the three-dimensional effects of the flow become

important.

The hydrodynamic masses of cylinders are independent of modes of vibration

for large wavelengths. In the case of shell vibration, since the wavelength is

comparable with the diameter, the hydrodynamic mass becomes dependent on the

modes of vibration.

Very limited data are given for irregular shapes. The hydrodynamic masses

for two-dimensional bodies can be obtained using the finite element program in-

cluded in this paper. For three-dimensional bodies, an efficient three-dimensional

program is needed.
 18

References

1. S. S. Chen, M. W. Wambsganss, and J. A. Jendrzejczyk, Added Mass and

Damping of a Vibrating Rod in Confined Viscous Fluids, Trans. ASME 98;

J. Appl. Mech. 42, 325-329 (1976).

2. S. S. Chen, Vibration of Nuclear Fuel Bundles, Nucl. Eng. Des. ^5.. 399-422

(1976).

3. H. Chung and S. S. Chen, Vibration of a Group of Circular Cylinders in a

Confined Fluid, Trans. ASME, J. Appl. Mech. 99_, 213-217 (June 1977).

4. V. Yu. Mazur, Motion of a Circular Cylinder Close to a Vertical Wall, Izv.

Akad. Nauk SSSR, Mekhan. Zhidk. i. Gaza, No, 3 (1966).

5. S. S. Chen and G. S. Rosenberg, Free Vibration of Fluid-Conveying Cylindrical

Shells, J. Eng. Ind. 96_, 420-426 (1974).

6. V. Yu. Mazurj Motion of Two Circular Cylinders in an Ideal Fluid, Izv. Akad.

Nauk SSSR, Mekhan. Zhidk. i. Gaza, No. 6, 80-84 (1970).

7. H. Lamb, Hydrodynamics, 6th Ed., Dover, New York (1932).

8. K. T. Patton, Tables of Hydrodynamic Mass Factors for Translational Motion,

ASME Paper 65-WA/UNT-2 (1965).

9. R. J. Fritz, The Effect of Liquids on the Dynamic Motions of Immersed Solids,

Trans. ASME, J. Engineers for Industry, S^4_ (Feb 1972).

10. L. I. Sedov, Two-Dimensional Problems in Hydrodynamics & Aerodynamics,

Wiley & Sons, Interscience, New York (19G5) .

11. K. Wendel, Hydrodynamic Masses and Hydrodynamic Moments of Inertia, DTMB

Translation No. 260 (July 1956).

12. D. Riabouchinsky, Sur la Eessitance des Fluids, Comptes Rendus, Congres

International des Mathematicients, Strasbourg, 568-585 (1920).

 19

REFERENCES (Contd.)

13. C. I . Yang and T. J . Moran, Finite-Element Solution of Added Mass and.

Damping of Oscillation Rods in Viscous Fluid, J . Appl. Mech. 46(3),

519-523 (1979).
14. L. E. Kinsler and A. R. Frey, Fundamentals of Acoustics, 2nd Ed. John Wiley
& Sons, New York (1962).

15. Y. T. Yu, Virtual Masses of Rectangular Plates and Parallelpipeds in Water,

J. Appl. Phys. 16_, 724-729 (1945).

16. J . w. Waugh and A. T. E l l i s , Fluid-Free-Surface Proximity Effect on a Sphere

Vertically Accelerated from Rest3 J . Hydronautics J3> 175-179 (1969).

17. Y. K. Lou and T. C. Su, Free Oscillations of Submerged Spherical Shells,

J . A c o u s t . Soc. Am. 6J3 ( 5 ) , 1402-1408 ( 1 9 7 8 ) .

18. T. C. Huang and F. C. Chen, Free Axisymmetric Vibrations of Underwater

Spherical Shells, Developments in Mechanics, Vol. 8, Proc. 14th Midwestern
Mechanics Conference, 3-20 (1975).

19. T. Miloh, G. Waisman, and D. Weihs, The Added-Mass Coefficients of a Torus,

J . Eng. Math. L2 ( 1 ) , 1-13 (Jan 1978).

20. A. E. Engin, Vibration of Fluid-Filled Spherical Shells, J . Acoust. Soc.

Am. i± ( 1 ) , 186-190 (1968).

21. S. H. Advani and Y.-C. Lee, Free Vibrations of Huid-Filled Spherical

Shells, J. Sound Vib. .12. (4), 453-462 (1970).

22. T . Sarpkaya, Added Masses of Lenses and Parallel Plates, J . Eng. Mech.
Div. , ASCE _86_5 141-151 (1960).

23. T. E. Stelson and F. T. Mavis, Virtual Mass and Acceleration in Fluids,

Proc. ASCE _81S 670-1-670-9 (1955).

24. R. R. Miller, Tlie Effects of Frequency and Amplitude of Oscillation on

the Hydrodynamic Masses of Irregular Shaped Bodies, Master's t h e s i s , Univ.
of Rhode Island (1965).

25. J . A. Keane, On the Elastic Vibration of a Circular Cantilever Tube in a

Newtonian Fluid, Ph.D. d i s s e r t a t i o n , Carnegie I n s t . of Tech., (Sept 1963).
 20

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This work was performed under the sponsorship of the United States

Department of Energy, Division of Reactor Research and Technology.

 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. No. Title

1 A group of cylinders in a fluid

2 Re(H) and Im(H) for a single cylinder in an infinite

viscous fluid

3 Real values of H as a function of Rn/R, for a cylinder

vibrating in a viscous fluid annulus

4 Imaginary values of H as a function of Ro/R-, for a cylinder

vibrating in a viscous fluid annulus

5 Hydrodynamic mass coefficient for a cylinder vibrating

near a wall

6 Hydrodynamic mass coefficient for a circular cylinder

shell containing fluid

7 Hydrodynaraic mass coefficient v .. for two parallel cylinders

'•8 Hydrodynamic mass coefficient v „ for two parallel cylinders

9 Hydrodynainic mass coefficient \>11 for two eccentric cylinders

10 Hydrodynamic mass coefficient v.. „ for two eccentric cylinders

11 Hydrodynamic mass coefficient V-- for two eccentric cylinders

12 Two coaxial shells with a fluid-filled ga7

13 Hydrodynamic mass coefficient of an elliptic and a rectang-

ular cylinder in an. infinite fluid

14 Hydrodynamic moment of inertia coefficient of an elliptic and

a rectangular cylinder rotating about its central axis

15 Hydrodynamic mass coefficient for a hexagonal cylinder with

fluid gap

16 Hydrodynami.c mass coefficient of a sphere near a free surface

17 Hydrodynamic mass coefficient of a sphere near a wall

18 Hydrodynamic mass coefficient for a spherical shell submerged

in an infinite compressible fluid

19 Hydrodynamic mass coefficient for a spherical shell containing

compressible fluid

20 Hydrodynamic mass coefficients of an ellipsoid of revolution

(a>b, b=c) in an infinite fluid
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (contd)

Fig. No. Title

21 Hydrodynamic mass coefficients for a torus with circular

cross-section in an infinite fluid

22 Hydrodynamic mass coefficients (v and v,',) for two

spheres in an infinite fluid

23 Hydrodynamic mass coefficients (v.. _ and V-j^^ f ° r tw0

spheres in an infinite

24 Hydrodynamic mass coefficient of a parallelpiped in an

infinite fluid
 9i

-*-f;

/»?•'
 10

0.0 J I 1 III' I ' I I I I I i I ' ' i I I i i t

5 10 50 100 500 POO 5,000 10,000 50,000100,000

S
OJ
 !0
8

1.0
0.8
0.6
50
0.4
100
—•*

E 0.2

500
0 . 10
0 .08
0 .06
5000
0.04

0.0 2

50000

0.01 i I I I II II
20 40 60 80 100
or
CD
HYuRODYNAMiC MASS COEFFICIENT (C m )
 HYDRODYNAMIC MASS COEFFICIENT {v\\)

C7>
0.

10
6/Rj
 HYDRODYNAMIC MASS COEFFICIENT (?/,,)

o
0.2 0.4 0.6 .0
ECCENTRICITY, €
0
0 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
ECCENTRICITY, €
 SHELL
SHELL

z
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / I / / / / / / / / 7

FLUID

o >- z
 2b
t
2b
£ !
o
»•-
tu 2a
o
Lu
U_
UJ
8
CO
CO

0.5
O

0.2-
— RECTANGULAR CYLINDER: WENDEL [ l l ]
ELLIPTIC CYLINDER : LAMB [ 7 ] AMD WENDEL [ l l ] i
0.1 I __J 1 1 . I
0. 0.2 0.5 I 2 10
ASPECT RATIO,a/b
 8

T
16 2o
J_
2b
14
O

UJ
O
O
12 t
2a
UJ

10 2b-
O

8
CO
CO
ELLIPTIC
CYLINDER

x —RECTANGULAR
CYLINDER
I 4
IN AN INFINITE
FLUID MEDIUM

CONTAINING FLUID

0
0.01 0.02 0.5

/o.
 p
o
Q
CO
p
to

p
CO
o
<O
O

o
CO
o
c>
CO

p
o

CM
O
O

O
O O o P pco* p p o
O CO o o
CO — CO
'1N3I31JJ300 SSWl OiWVNAGOaOAH
 1.2

i.O
e
o
ma=

p.8
o

o
o
co 0.6
CO O
o
O
3 0.4
O
cc
THEORY
CD 6 WAUGH AND ELLIS [16]
0.2 EXPERIMENTS
A WAUGH AND ELLIS [16]
O PATTON [ 8 ] I
0 I , 1 ,' I
0 6 8 10
d/R
i—AT

PERPENDICULAR MOTION

.PARALLEL MOTION

0
 3
n
CO.

'1N3I3LLI3OO SSVW OIWVNAGOdQAH

 o
*^»

3
li

1
1N3IOUJ300 SSVW
HORIZONTAL
MOTION, c m x
I i I 7-l-T-M
8 10 CD
a/b
HYDRODYNAMIC MASS COEFFICIENTS .

p p p p p
" l en b> '
0.80

0.75 <r

- 0.55 V =

IN-PLANE MOTION
OUT-OF-PLANE MOTION

0.50
0.25 0.125

Vl9 : IN-PLANE MOTION

- 0.075
V\z : OUT-OF PLANE MOTION
UJ
o
CO
CO

CJ

ZSL

o
d
CD

- 0.025 5c

0.0! 0.02 0.05 0.1 5 10

 i.4

.2
£

.0
o
a
8 0.8 = /° a 2 b c m
CO
CO
<3C

o
0.6

5
o
0.4 EXPERIMENTS
SARPKAYA [22]
lul STELSON AND MAVIS [23]
0.2

0
0.2 0.5 10
b/a
 Table 1. Simple two-direensional bodies

Direction Hydrodynamic Hydrodynaraic

Refer-
Sh=oe of Cross Section of Mass Mass Coeff.^ encestti
Motion^" (per unit length) or

Solid 3ody in an Infinite

Fluid
Any
7T P R 1.0 [7,11].
Direction

Rotational 0

b
Vertical
a
'[7,11],
Horizontal Trpa
a.
b
(See Fig. 13)

[l-(a/b)2]2
Rotational 3 P(b -a )
2(a/b)[l+(a/b) Z ]
(See Fig. 14)

Serii-circle

T i Rotational
(4 l\ 16
- 1
R \-2 " 4 ''70R

Thi--strip

v / / x /'/A h
Vertical trpa

77 4 3
Kf)
(a\
[8,10],
Rotational
8P a 16 ' (hi
(h « a)
Regular Triangle

Vertical 0.654 pT 1.582 111],

—I
 Table 1. Simple tvo-dimensional bodies (Contd.)

Direction Kydrodynamic Hydrodynanic

Shape of Cross Section of Mass Mass Coeff.~~ Refer-
Motion"1 (per unit length) or

Sauare

Vertical 1.513 pira 1.188

yy/y/y
f
2a
Rotational 0.234 pna 0.2757

I
-*— 2a—*J
Rectangle

\ Horizontal (See Fig. 13)

2b
/ / / z t [11,12],

a Rotational (See Fig. 14)

Hexagon
(with fluid gap)

Vertical pR c (See Fig. 15) [13],

E l l i p t i c Cylinder Containing
Fluid
(b 2 -a 2 )
Rotational 7- pab 2 2
b +a
(See Fig. 14)
 Table 1. Simple two-dimensional bodies (Contd.)
I - -•

Direction Hydrodynamic Hydrodynaniic.

P.efer-
Shape of Cross Section of Mass Mass Co^ff.""'"
ences^Tf
Motion" (per unit length) (cm or c x )

Thin Strio near a Wall

T~ /
/
/
Perpendicu-
lar to
2
I p
a3
T
1 (a/h)
3 (G/a)
[9]
2o /
/
/
/
a Wall

_L $
-—G -*-

'Rotational notion referred to rotation about axis through a point (*).

'Hydrcdynamic mass coefficient is defined as the ratio of hydrodynamic mass to

displaced fluid mass.

't refers to theoretical results and e refers to experimental values.

 T a b l e '•'.. S i m p l e I In ri1- a inicii.1; lou.-i I b o d i e s

D i I'LTl. i I'D !lydr()iiyii<nn 1 c H y t h o d y i i a m i <•

Kl'I'lM'-
Hody Shapes M.-1HH MasH Co i-1 I".
Mot IDH (in or 1 ) (c or c..)

Circular Disk
8 ,,3 m 8
Vertical p R
3 "m ,,3 3ff
p ii i\

16 5 .i 16
Hot at ion.i 1
4') ~3 " 4!iii
(h « a)

Elliptic Disk
4 2,, m 4k
— -rrpa b k c =
m 2, 3

]C I Vertical /2
pna b
[7]
r r~i—rm— 0 dO
2b V s i i i G + f —1 c o s
(h << a)

Rectangular Disk

m = pa be
a in

(b/a) (b/a)
Vertical c - -r 1-0.425 [14].
vn 4 l+(b/a)

(h « a)
 Table 2. Simple three-dimensional bodies (Contd.)

1)1 ruction Uydrodynnmic llydrodynamii-

Hotly Shapes Mn a s Kcfer-
of Mass Cool'f.
(111 or I ) nces'"'"''
M o t :i on a a ( c m o r c.L)

Triangular Disk (Iaosceles)

h
/tan30 3
Vertical c
111
. J LJ - . J
J'M
- rsi
(in

(h « a)

Circular DL.sk near a Wall.

Perpendicu-
lar to irpa _m _ l a [9]
/ c = 3 8 0
a Wall 8G
m pira

2. Bodies o£ Revolution'^
Sphere (in an Infinite Fluid)

Any 2 D3
Direction - irpR
0.5 HI.
 Table 2. Simple three-dimensional bodies (Contd.)

Direction llydrodynaniie UydrodynamJe

Body Shapes Mass Refer-
of Mass Coefr.
ences
Motion (in or 1 ) <c m or c x )
a a

Sphere (containing Pluid)

Any
Direction 17],

(near a Vvcc Snrl'iice)

2 3 I8,16] e
Vertical 0.5 k
-j irpR k
(See Fig. 16)

Spliere (near ;i Wall.)

Per p cud .i cu-
2 3
/ lm: or -- ii pR k 0.5 k
Parallel
/ to a Wall (See Fig. 17)
 Table 2. Simple three-dimensional bodies (Corttd.)

Direct; ton Hydrodynninic HyJrodynamic

Kofor-
Body Shapes of M;I:JB Mas a Coiiff.
Motion (HI or I )
n a (c
m or C
I>

Two Concentric Spheres (with

Fluid Gap) Vll [ 2 J V12
Any
Direction

- 2
T7.9].

v » + I]

,) ~ 2

Spherical Shell (in an

Infinite Fluid)

Any
pUc cm • Re
«„ [17,18],
Direction

3 «u
(t:, - tipcud of
(See Fig. 18)

Spherical Shell (containing

Fluid)
pRc
Any
Direction [19-21]
3 = wR/c r

(See Fig. 19)

 Table 2. Simple three-dimensional bodies (Contd.)

Direction Hydro Jyimmic Hydroilynnmlc

Rcxly .'Hi.'ipo;; of Rofcr-
M.-ia.-. H.TBS CoeTf.
Mi»! ! on (m nr I )

•:l U)):;olil of Revolution

VfrLLi:;i.l
or
Horizontal
(See Fig. 20)

[7]t
pic,
Rotation
(about
(See F i g . 20)
minor axis)
3 > b , 1) = C I = ~ - 1 ,pab 2 (a ? +b 2 )

Ctrctil.ir Toroid
Vertical. pVc

Ilorizoncal pVc (See Fig. 21) [19],

Rotational,
(about Pic
x-axis)

Two Spheres Horizontal

Vertical
or "12
Horizontal

sym
Veitical

sym
ZV22
(See Figs. 22 and 23)
 Table 2. Simple three-dimensional bodies (Contd.)

Dhvi-I ion llyd nxlynamle Ily<l rodyn.iin i c

llody Shape:: or Mass Ma:;.s Cofl 1 .
Kufcr-
Mot ion (m or I ) (cm or , , )
encos' ' '

3. i'lis^el l.ancou.s'' ''

Para 1.1 ulaplpcd

Vertica 1. pa be c [22,23]^
in in

(Sec F i g . 24)
b
J

Hydrodynamic mass coefficient is defined noc as the ratio of hydrodynamic mass to displaced fluid mass by
structure but as a ratio independent of thickness, h. Its definition is shown in the fourth column.
ftHycirodynamic mass coefficient is defined as the ratio of hydrodynamic mass to displaced fluid mass,
tt+t refers to theoretical results and e refers to experimental values.