Higher National Diploma in Computing

Assignment Brief
Student Name G. Kasun Madushanka Peiris

Student No M19980906002 / 982490693V

Unit Number and Title Unit 34: Systems Analysis & Design

Academic Year 2020/2021

Unit Assessor Ms Prabashi Manjani

Assignment Title Evaluation and application of analysis & design methodologies

Issue Date 6th June 2021

Submission Date 4th July 2021

Internal Verifier Name Ms Thamali Kelegama

General Guidelines

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 1. A cover page or title page should be attached to your assignment. Use page 1 of this assignment brief
as your cover page and make sure all details are accurately filled.
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using the HARVARD referencing system, in your text or any bibliography. Otherwise, you’ll
be found guilty of committing plagiarism.

Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria of the Module

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 Pass Merit Distinction

LO1 Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the traditional and agile systems analysis
methodologies

P1 Discuss the strengths M1 Compare and D1 Critically evaluate the

and weaknesses of the contrast the strengths strengths and weaknesses of
traditional and agile and weaknesses of the the traditional and agile
systems analysis traditional and agile systems analysis
methodologies. systems analysis methodologies, including the
methodologies. transition problems faced by
organizations that move from
the traditional to the agile
approach.

LO2 Analyze their system using a suitable methodology

P2 Produce a feasibility M2 Evaluate the D1 Critically evaluate the

study for a system for a relevance of the strengths and weaknesses of
business related feasibility criteria on the the traditional and agile
problem. systems investigation systems analysis
for the business related methodologies, including the
problem. transition problems faced by
organizations that move from
the traditional to the agile
approach.

LO3 Analyze their system using a suitable methodology

P3 Analyze a system M3 Evaluate the D2 Justify the choice of the

using a suitable effectiveness of the analysis methodology used in
methodology for a analysis in the context the context of the business
business-related of the methodology problem.
problem. used.

LO4 Design the system to meet user and system requirements

P4 Design a fully M4 Assess the D2 Justify the choice of the

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functional system to effectiveness of the analysis methodology used in
meet user and system system design with the context of the business
requirements for the particular reference to problem.
business related the methodology used
problem. and how the design
meets user and system
requirements

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Submission format

The submission is in the form of an individual written report. This should be written in a concise,
formal business style using 1.5 spacing and font size 12. You are required to make use of headings,
paragraphs and subsections as appropriate, and all work must be supported with research and
referenced using the Harvard referencing system. Please also provide a bibliography using the
Harvard referencing system.

UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES

LO1 Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the traditional and agile systems analysis
methodologies.
LO2 Produce a feasibility study for a system for a business related problem.
LO3 Analyze their system using a suitable methodology.
LO4 Design the system to meet user and system requirements.
Assessment Scenario 1

Deploy Technology (DT) is a leading IT company in Sri Lanka. You are selected to work
as a Business Analyst at DT company. One of their clients who currently use traditional
analysis & design methodologies and intending to go for agile methodologies, have
requested the firm to conduct a study on Evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of
both approaches and produce and present a written report to them. Your manager has
selected you for this assignment.

You are required to carry out the following task (along with its sub tasks) in terms of
completing this assignment.

Task 1
1.1 Discuss the traditional and agile methodology including their features, their
usefulness and limitation of each approach. (LO1,P1)
1.2 Compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of these traditional and agile
systems analysis methodologies that you identified. (LO1,M1)

1.3 Critically evaluate (give your own opinion on) the strengths and weaknesses of the
traditional and agile systems analysis methodologies
1.4 Discuss typical transition problems faced by organizations that move from the
traditional to the agile approach. (LO1,D1)

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 Assessment scenario 2

You as the Business Analyst of DT technology have to decide a new system as the
solution of changing traditional in to agile methodology.
Carryout the following tasks based on the business problem that you selected and
document your work.

Task 2
2.1 Explain the background to your business problem and propose a potential solution
for it. (LO2,P2)
Note: You may come up with more than one alternative solution if required and
applicable.
2.2 Discuss the importance, purpose and structure of feasibility study during the initial
stages when developing the new system. (LO2,P2)
2.3 Justify the importance and relevance of the feasibility criteria you assessed above,
in terms of the business problem. (LO2,M2)
2.4 Discuss the impact of the different financial, economic and technical feasibility
criteria on the system develop to the DT IT Company. (LO2,D2)

Task 3
3.1 Perform Systems Analysis for your proposed solution (system) using a suitable
methodology. (LO3,P3)
Use suitable fact finding techniques to investigate to identify user and system
requirements.
3.2 Explain how effective your analysis was in terms of the methodology that you used.
(LO3,M3)
3.3 Explain what criteria you used to select the methodology and justify your choice in
terms of your business problem. (LO3,D2)

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 Task 4
4.1 Design (No need to implement) the system of DT IT company to meet user and
system requirements that you identified in the previous task. (LO4,M4)
 Draw Data Flow Diagrams, Activity Diagram, UML models as appropriate for the
system you are designing.
 Depending on the methodology that you are using (Traditional or Agile),
describe design aspects specific to your selected methodology. (i.e. any special
aspects with regard to database designing, UI designing, architectural designing)
 Depending on the nature of the system that you are designing (i.e. database
application, web or mobile application or any other type of application) describe
specific tools & techniques that you use for designing it.

4.2 Assess the effectiveness of your design, paying attention to the methodology you
used and how the design meets user and system requirements. (LO4,D2)

:End of Tasks

STUDENT ASSESSMENT SUBMISSION AND DECLARATION

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When submitting evidence for assessment, each student must sign a declaration confirming that the work
is their own.

Student name: Assessor name:

G, Kasun Madushanka Peiris Ms. Prabashi Manjani

Issue date: Submission date: Submitted on:

6th June 2021 4th July 2021 29th June 2021

Programme:

BTec Pearson Higher National Diploma

Unit:

Unit 34: System Analysis & Design

Assignment number and title:

Evaluation and application of analysis & design methodologies

Plagiarism
Plagiarism is a particular form of cheating. Plagiarism must be avoided at all costs and students who break
the rules, however innocently, may be penalized. It is your responsibility to ensure that you understand
correct referencing practices. As a university level student, you are expected to use appropriate
references throughout and keep carefully detailed notes of all your sources of materials for material you
have used in your work, including any material downloaded from the Internet. Please consult the relevant
unit lecturer or your course tutor if you need any further advice.

Student Declaration

Student declaration

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences
of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student signature: Kasun Date: 29/06/2021

Assignment Feedback

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Formative Feedback: Assessor to Student

Action Plan

Summative feedback

Feedback: Student to Assessor

Assessor Signature Date

Student Signature Date

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I get this opportunity to wish my sincere gratitude to Ms. Prabashi Manjani helps me to complete this
assignment successfully. She gives good opportunity to improve my skills and knowledge of system
analysis and design. As a lecturer, she has given terrific advice and explained well about the content of
the “System analysis & Design” subject. Thank you so much for your support and dedication.

And thanks, my all friends and my parents help to find some resources and information’s about this
assignment and do complete and successfully this assignment. If they do not have with me, I cannot
complete this task so thank you for your support.

I would like to grant this completed assignment to everyone who supported it.

29.06.2021

Date

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TABLE OF CONTENT
Conten

t
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.............................................................................................................................10
TABLE OF CONTENT...............................................................................................................................11
TABLE OF FIGURES.................................................................................................................................12
TASK 01..................................................................................................................................................13
1.1 Discuss the traditional and agile methodology including their features, their usefulness, and
the limitation of each approach........................................................................................................13
1.2 Compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of these traditional and agile systems
analysis methodologies that you identified......................................................................................15
1.3 Critically evaluate (give your own opinion on) the strengths and weaknesses of the traditional
and agile systems analysis methodologies.......................................................................................18
1.4 Discuss typical transition problems faced by organizations that move from the traditional to
the agile approach.............................................................................................................................20
TASK 02..................................................................................................................................................22
2.1 Explain the background to your business problem and propose a potential solution for it......22
2.2 Discuss the importance, purpose, and structure of feasibility study during the initial stages
when developing the new system....................................................................................................24
2.3 Justify the importance and relevance of the feasibility criteria you assessed above, in terms of
the business problem........................................................................................................................25
2.4 Discuss the impact of the different financial, economic and technical feasibility criteria on the
system developed to the DT IT Company.........................................................................................26
TASK 03..................................................................................................................................................28
3.1 Perform Systems Analysis for your proposed solution (system) using a suitable methodology.
...........................................................................................................................................................28
3.2 Explain how effective your analysis was in terms of the methodology that you used..............30
3.3 Explain what criteria you used to select the methodology and justify your choice in terms of
your business problem......................................................................................................................32
TASK 04..................................................................................................................................................33
4.1 Design (No need to implement) the system of DT IT company to meet user and system
requirements that you identified in the previous task.....................................................................33
4.2 Assess the effectiveness of your design, paying attention to the methodology you used and
how the design meets user and system requirements.....................................................................37

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References.............................................................................................................................................38

TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: What is Methodology.............................................................................................................16
Figure 2: Traditional Vs Agile Methodology..........................................................................................17
Figure 3: Personal Opinion....................................................................................................................19
Figure 4: Feasibility Study.....................................................................................................................27
Figure 5: Facts-Finding Techniques (Survey Form)...............................................................................31
Figure 6: Use-Case Diagram..................................................................................................................34
Figure 7: Activity Diagram.....................................................................................................................35
Figure 8: Data Flow Diagram.................................................................................................................36

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TASK 01
1.1 Discuss the traditional and agile methodology including their features, their
usefulness, and the limitation of each approach.

Deploy Technology (DT) is one of the leading IT companies in Sri Lanka. I was recruited as a business
analyst in that company. After join to that company my 1 st work is to write a proposal report about the
features, usefulness, strength, and weakness between traditional methodology and agile methodology
because reason is one of our clients was requested to us focus on the traditional methodology versus
agile methodology and provide to them. That all clients are currently experiencing this traditional
methodology for their projects. In this case, clients want to go for agile methodology. That is why our
clients want to get a comparison between these two methodologies. These methodologies are having on
the SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) and there have major methodologies. Those are
waterfall, agile, spiral, and prototype. All leading companies are using those methodologies
specifically. It means by those companies are using one or two methodologies among these
methodologies for their projects. These methodologies are helping to conduct project process stable and
efficient.

What is the traditional methodology?

When talking about the project management section methodologies are one of the major things have on
that. SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) is the common phase of these methodologies. Simply,
those methodologies have in that SDLC. Waterfall, agile, spiral, and prototype are the major
methodologies have in that SDLC. The traditional methodology is a simple sequential cycle which use
to conduct the project. Simply, this traditional methodology is introduced as well as the waterfall
methodology. Usually, the traditional methodology is going with controllable process and simple. The
traditional methodology has majored few phases. Those phases are initiation, planning, execution,
monitoring, and closure. Most companies in past used this methodology for their projects because the
reason is this is the major and traditional methodology have in the project management process.
Mainly, this methodology is working as a waterfall method therefore this method always focuses on the
plan and outcome without any scope and not highly focus on the customer expectations. It all depends

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on their predictable tools and experience. After starting this project, we cannot change any type of
needs or expectations. This methodology is most suitable for large- scale of projects.
According to this traditional methodology whole project is controlled by the project manager and if
want to control or change something have on the project responsible is have manager only. Basically, in
this project do and adherence all things according to the project plan not for the customer expectations,
therefore, time and project cost are variables, and requirements are anchored. Typically, it is depending
on the project. When talking about the features of the traditional methodology there have some key
features. That key features are well-cleared documents, defined objectives, easy control of the process
of the project, and more liability.

What is the Agile methodology?

Agile methodology is the most popular methodology among IT companies and project-based
companies. Nowadays most companies use this methodology for their project success. Typically, this
agile method gives priority to customer needs and expectations because of the reason the customer is
the most valuable metric as per this methodology. Usually, the customer is highly interacting with this
agile methodology. When talking about this method customers can anytime do changes to their project
because the reason is team is always providing demo version after the sprint (sprint is a round of
implementation and round of creating program) to the customer. After that customer can check out that
demo version and if have any changes can inform the team. Next time team will do that needful and
provide another demo version of the system. this will help to study about the system to the customer
very well. This the major feature of this methodology and this is the reason why all companies are
using this method. This agile methodology is works based on the iteration delivery model. Mainly, the
team can control the process of the project without manager involvement and it will help to provide
good output to the customer. This agile methodology is giving priority to creating software, not for the
documents of the projects and continuously test the system, and improving the system to fulfill all
customer needs and expectations. Scrum and Kanban frameworks are mostly used for this agile
methodology. Simply, this methodology helps to conduct very efficiently and archive project goals
quickly. These are the key features of the agile methodology.

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1.2 Compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of these traditional and
agile systems analysis methodologies that you identified

when talking about the traditional methodology and agile methodology we can easily find out the
strengths and weaknesses have on that both technologies. Both these technologies are currently using
many companies because that all companies choose that methodology as per the customer requirements
and project type. Every methodology has strengths and weaknesses therefore these methodologies also
have strengths and weaknesses such as have on other methodologies. So, in that case, companies are
doing some comparison between these methodologies and after identifying the strength and weaknesses
after that choose one methodology for conduct their project based on that. It will help to get perfect
output from that project. As a business analysis of the deploy technology, I was identified the major
strength and weaknesses of both methodologies. These details will help customers emphasize and
choose the most suitable methodology for their projects.

According to the given scenario, we can do a comparison of strengths and weaknesses between
traditional and agile methodology. When talking about the strengths of traditional methodology I was
able to identify some special strengths of the traditional method. This methodology is mostly used to
make a cost-effective project. Simple, it is mean by when the company goes to a large scale of projects
company has to spend a lot of time to succeed that project and during the process of that project, will
happens any kinds of bugs and take some time to solve those bugs. On that company have to bear some
cost to that project. When using the traditional method to conduct small projects the company can
complete the project quickly with few developers and using lightweight technology to the project. This
is kind of cost-effective for the company and the customer. Another major strength is very easy to
handle and control the project do under this traditional methodology. Typically, according to this
method project manager is the handler, and it is very sequential. This methodology helps to conduct the
project very well and finish within scheduled time and other all criteria. In this method arrange and
well-defined objectives what have in the project. This method helps to preplan the whole requirement
before starting cording and it helps to reduce all errors and risks. On other hand can prepare a clean

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document of all phases. That will help to understand the mechanism behind the cording and system.
these are the strength I was identified during this research.

Subsequently, I was identified weaknesses of this traditional methodology. Discussing these

weaknesses, I was able to find major weaknesses of the traditional method. Mainly this traditional
methodology is build based on linear organization structure. So, in that case, the project scope, time,
and cost are fixed therefore project outcome might be not satisfying to the customer. On the other hand,
there has no kind of interaction with the customer. This methodology has no iteration model. There
have phases in the process, according to that when going to one phase from another needs to complete
that previous phase before going to another phase. The customer also cannot make any changes to the
system after starting the project. This method is mainly focused on documentation not on developing
software. Most of the time customers will unsatisfied with the outcome of the project and results also
will delay because of these weaknesses. This is why nowadays a lot of companies are not using this
methodology for their projects. These major things are reducing the quality of the final output.

According to this research when research the agile methodology I was able to found some major
strengths the weaknesses of that methodology. This is the most usable methodology in the world to
conduct and do projects. Nowadays most companies use this methodology to succeed in their projects.
When talking about the strength of this method major strength is the high involvement of the customer
in the project. In the present people's thoughts and expectations are changing very quickly. So, in that
case, customer can easily present their opinion and expectation to the team and the team will mainly
focus on the customer requirements. It will help to conduct the project efficiently and increase customer
satisfaction.

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Figure 1: What is Methodology
 Another major strength is less risk. Simply, these risks are reduced by customer involvement. Mainly
this agile methodology is giving priority to the development software, not to the documents. This agile
method is works based iteration model. Simply, it is mean by after the finish each sprint teams will
provide demo version of the system to the customer after that customer check that demo gives feedback
to the team and implement that customer expectations and needs in next print process. That iteration
model will help to increase the quality of the project's outcome. Typically, talking about the
weaknesses did not have a lot of weaknesses in this agile methodology. Mainly, the team didn’t
maintain documentation and all process are controlled by the team. Another weakness is very hard to
execute the project.

Typically, these are weaknesses and strengths both of methodologies. Simply, this is a comparison
between traditional methodology and agile methodology. According to my research agile methodology
is the best one for conducting projects because the reason is all are using this method and there has high
customer interaction to the project, therefore, we can give perfect outcome by fulfilling all expectations
of the customer without any kind of difficulties.

Figure 2: Traditional Vs Agile Methodology

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18 | P a g e System Analysis & Design G. Kasun Peiris
1.3 Critically evaluate (give your own opinion on) the strengths and weaknesses of
the traditional and agile systems analysis methodologies.

According to my personal opinion when discussing the strengths and weaknesses of these two
methodologies I can find out few things regarding this section. Mainly, when comparing these two
methodologies we have to consider about few major things before choosing a methodology for the
project. Both methodologies have strengths and weaknesses it is a very common phase for both
methodologies. This method is depending on the projects and customer requirements. Nowadays most
companies are using agile methodology to conduct their projects but in the past traditional method is
very famous and efficient at that time. Over time this methodology was deceased because the major
reason is less customer interaction. As per this traditional methodology have less customer interaction
and only focus on the plan. So, in that case, the company and customer were faced with an unsatisfying
outcome of the project. Usually, during the project process customer expectations might be changing
and the customer is providing those changes to the team. At that time if projects processing based on
the traditional method team is not accepting that customer changing because the reason is that method
is using a linear structure. Simply, the customer cannot change anything of the project after starting the
project.

In the traditional method, major strengths are clear documents and well-defined objectives. Typically,
in this methodology project manager is the head and everything control by the manager. So, customers
can clear understanding who is the project handler and directly can get updates about the project meet
project manager. When considering the documentation part, it is very clear and the customer can easily
understand the mechanism behind the project. This document mentioned all processes of phases and
stages wise well. These are the major strengths have in this traditional methodology. When talking
about the agile methodology it is very famous in the world because the reason is that method highly
interactive with the customer. Whatever project customer requirements are the most major and
important thing of that project because the project also we are conducting and handling for the
customer. So, we have a responsibility to do the project according to the customer's expectations. In
agile method is fully customized. Simply, it is means by the customer can change and add anything to
the project during the project process. This is the major reason to famous among IT companies for this
agile methodology. Mainly, all companies want to give good quality service with high satisfaction
project outcome to the customer. That will help to increase the brand and reputation of the company.

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Agile methodology has major strengths, it will help more to conduct projects stable and efficient.
According to my personal opinion, I liked this iterative model structure. Typically, this agile
methodology pattern is conducting the project as an iterative model. Simply, it is meant to make the
system sprint-wise. Sprint is a round of system building. Simply, requirements, design, develop, test,
deploy and review these are stage which includes to the sprint. In this agile method run few rounds of
sprint still get satisfying feedback from the customer. After every sprint customer receives a demo
version of the system. Customers can easily check out that demo version and can make changes
anytime to the system after the information about the change to the team. Next time team will provide
another demo version after the one sprint with those required changes. This method is a very useful
method to conduct stable projects and provide highly satisfying service to the customer by fulfilling
their requirements. On the other hand, weaknesses also have on this agile methodology such as have on
that traditional methodology.

Mainly, very difficult to measure the progress of the project and take time to finish the project cannot
provide an estimated date about finishing because directly customer has interacted with the developer.
Simply, customers cannot get any idea of the budget of the project. That is not fixed. The cost will
depend on rounds of iterations and resources. The overall design not providing any kind of correct
architecture of system UI and UX both, so that case customer has to face problems works more with
that product. These are the major weaknesses have in this agile methodology. According to my opinion,
this is suit for large-scale projects but this also depends on the project and customer requirements. I
thought the agile method is suit for complex projects and the traditional method is suit for small or
medium-scale projects. Both are good but the thing is the traditional method is no longer usable now
trending is an agile methodology that might be changing in the future because the reason is this field is
updated with new technology every second. My expectation is agile methodology is good for conduct
projects very successful and efficient. It can fulfill all expectations of the customer.

Figure 3: Personal Opinion

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1.4 Discuss typical transition problems faced by organizations that move from the
traditional to the agile approach

According to the scenario, customers are requested to discuss and emphasize the traditional
methodology and agile methodology. In that case, as a newly recruited business analysis of the Deploy
technology company assigned to write a report about these methodologies. Simply, I was present the
strength and weaknesses of these methodologies through this report. It will help to choose customers
which type of methodology is most suit for their projects. Usually, our all customers and team have a
lot of experience with the traditional methodology. Previously most clients are a preference to go
traditional methodology but now it was changed and clients are requesting to us emphasize the agile
methodology and which one is the suit for them. So that case our company wase decide to provide the
answer for this all questions as a written report includes with all details about these methodologies. I
was previously mentioned above the weakness and strengths of traditional and agile methodology.

In this section, I am presenting the details about which kind of problem we have to face when we
transition from traditional to agile methodology. Typically, these details valid for customers and the
company because our team also have not enough experience with the agile methodology. This is not
easy work to transition agile methodology quickly for that team members must have well experience
about the agile methodology or hire new experienced employees to the company to conduct this agile
methodology. As per my research, I was able to find a few major problems when we have to face the
transition from traditional to agile methodology. Those major problems are,

Expectations from Agile methodology.

When we considering and plan to shift to the agile method you must have an emphasis on the company
expectations. Simply, it means by we have to find out why the company is the shift to agile
methodology and which kind of things the company expects from that agile methodology because agile
is always consider the vision and developing tools not for the paper works. If cannot solve problems
which have inside of your project to agile methodology, it will be a reason to frustrating and exhaust.
Simply, when the organization is finding new and experienced works get to the company and company
marketing team is always gives high promises such as “quickly finish the project” to the customer. It
will not suit agile methodology to that company because the reason is agile methodology is getting
considerable time to close the project.

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Resistance changing

When talking about the changing of the company environment and methods employees are fearful to
adapt to that because the reason all employees have certain habits around their working environment
and work base. This is a very common thing and it will help to increase their productivity and work
speed. For example, we can get a manager who conducts daily one-hour meetings to improve their
mindset and skills regards to the project with a motivational speech. I tell to that manager do not to do
this daily and use daily standups or Kanban board for the present overview, that will be a not good
suggestion for that manager and he cannot rapidly move on to that. In this case, the most important
thing is providing a practice session for the team members and given a good clear idea and vision about
the agile methodology. It will help to understand that and reduce the fear and anxieties that have on
new changes.

Much Focus on methodology

When fast move on to the agile method company is trying to given good practice and training agile
methodology to their employees. That is one of the many things have in the agile method. Most of the
time that will be scrum, lean, and Kanban, or any other methods are a part of agile. For example, if you
know the law of tennis, therefore, you cannot be a good player in a tennis game such as this
methodology also works based on that if you know the all theory of agile methodology you cannot be
professional in that. Wants to be a professional in this agile methodology you must practice and more
focus on the method’s height, width, and length. It will help to handle the agile method like a pro.

Appreciate the agile

Another problem is faced by the company when following and implementing an agile methodology for
the first time is appreciate the success of implement the agile method. Usually, the company is
following and chooses content paper to measure the spread of the agile method in the company.
Simply, they check out how many teams are using the agile method and how many projects are running
based on this agile method and appreciate that count of spread. If we can check how was agile useful to
fulfill their company goals, that is better than appreciate. Such as how is the growth of business and
how projects are done.

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TASK 02
2.1 Explain the background to your business problem and propose a potential
solution for it

Background of the business problem

When emphasis to the problems which is face when a transition from traditional to agile methodology
has a lot of problems and I was mentioned about that in above. In that case, according to scenario 2, I
was able to find out several problems during transition. When talking about the problems, the major
problem is we have to face during that transition is the less knowledgeable and experienced team
members about the agile methodology. It is very hard to conduct and convert to the agile method.
Typically, on that situation company management try to give training session or provide courses about
the agile methodology and employees must join for that session. It may not be as productive as the
organization hoped. So, that the best way to give understanding about the agile company must give
practical sessions and practice about the agile method. Simply, it is mean by study while working. For
example, the traditional method is given major to documentation part but agile is give priority for the
development software. In that case, team members have accustomed to the documentation and it’s
difficult to convert to the work with development tools. On the other hand, the team member has no
idea about how to build a conversation with the customer because the reason is traditional method has
less customer interaction and agile has critically that. Usually, it is person-oriented. These kinds of
things we cannot study theatrically, we must do these things as practical learning. As a business
analysis of DT technology, I have a responsibility to encourage team members for this transition and
help them to improve their knowledge of agile methodology.

23 | P a g e System Analysis & Design G. Kasun Peiris

Solution for the problem

According to the above-mentioned business problem as a business analysis of DT technology, I am

introducing a fully functional Mobile App for study virtual about the agile methodology with
interesting functions as a solution for this problem. In this situation, we cannot do physical practice
come for the office environment and we all are can work from home. Typically, when we make the
transition to another methodology, we get a time and it is called a transition period. In this period team
members are practicing and preparing about the new methodology before work with it. We cannot
directly shift to the new methodology from the current. So, that case team must practice and study the
agile methodology during that transition period. Usually, the team members can do their practices and
learn about the agile methodology by illustrating animated great UI. As a company we are can conduct
the zoom meeting and online workshops for team members but that system will not more efficiently
work for the member because that is so boring to hear and attending. So, concerning that reason, I hope
this app will very user-friendly and very useful to the team member to improve their skills and
knowledge with the small daily task with rewards. In additionally we referral team members to do agile
methodology-related online certificate courses. It will help to encourage and build their qualifications
and carrier path.
When talking about the mobile app in detail, there have many attractive features for improving team
member’s agile skills. Mainly, have agile method tutorials with animated, rules and regulations of agile
with highly simply examples, virtual projects and daily tasks with rewards, the major skill of agile have
in skills section and provide instructions shortly for developing those skills, have great animated UI and
agile Tools and software with full of operation instruction shortly, finally have feedback and guideline
section. This app is very simple and very easy to use. The team member can use this app anytime
anywhere. Simply, this animated tutorial section has fully animated short videos about the agile
methodology on the other hand documentation part, typically in agile methodology didn’t focus highly
on the documentations but that is sometimes important for understanding the project. So, in that case,
team members have to make small size of documentation to provide to the customer. We can get an
idea about easy using this app. There have some instructions on how to make short and sweet
documentation include all details and mechanisms of the project. In additionally have instructions about
the agile tools and software. The team member can easily study those things without any boring
because those explanations are very simple and shot and another Important thing is a daily task, it will
help to do practice about the agile and get daily rewards. That will increase team member satisfaction
level and interesting level.

24 | P a g e System Analysis & Design G. Kasun Peiris

2.2 Discuss the importance, purpose, and structure of feasibility study during the
initial stages when developing the new system.

What is Feasibility Study

The feasibility study is an analysis method considering account, legal, technical, and schedule relevant
to the project and gets an idea about the probability of success of that project. Mainly, this feasibility
study uses project managers before invest money and time in the project because the reason is it is
helpful to get an idea about the project success rate and status. Simply, this is kind of a prediction about
the future status of the project before undertaking the project and using relevant factors to determine the
pros and cons which have in the project. It will help to restrict unnecessary risky projects come into the
company. When talking about the feasibility study, it is divided into 4 parts. Those 4 parts are technical
feasibility, financial feasibility, market feasibility, and organizational feasibility. These 4 parts help to
do this test every part very subtly which have in the project.

Importance of Feasibility study

The feasibility study is a test to check the practicality of the project. Mainly, we ask this test: does this
project become a success? Do we have enough resources, tools, and people for this project? Usually,
we can use this test to check our project estimate status before we start the project. It will help to
choose a good project and tempting to consider all parts of the project subtly. These feasibility studies
are very important to conduct a successful project. In that case, the business can identify the major
problems were come from the project and identifying the funding and increase level of business. This
feasibility study's major aim is the convincing the importance of feasibility to the customer, inverters,
and banks. Directly, it will be affected to the raising business. This is why very important to the project
is we can get the correct image of that project. In that case, all team member is focused about every part
very subtly and it will help to reduce some major problems have in the project. On the other hand, we
can find out new opportunities during this process. As a business analysis, I can identify the major
valuable reason to undertake the project. According to this system, I can identify the weakness easily
before the execute this project and system. it will help us to easily stop the project before starting and
waste our valuable time. Feasibility is a must for do every project before starts and it show off the real
status of the planned project. These are the importance of the feasibility study and these are the reason
why very important to do the feasibility study for the project before starting or execute.

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2.3 Justify the importance and relevance of the feasibility criteria you assessed
above, in terms of the business problem.

How Feasibility study is important to the system

In previously I was mentioned above what is the importance of the feasibility study, in this section
going to discuss and explain how feasibility study is important to the relevant system. when talking
about the feasibility study as a business analysis I can find out the future status of the relevant project
using this feasibility study. Simply, this test will help to identify the major reason for undertaking this
project and can estimate (prediction) the budget and resources of this project. It will help to get an idea
about the project before we start the project. Typically, this system is a simple mobile application for
study agile methodology. As a business analysis, I am introducing this website for the team members
for developing their knowledge about agile therefore this system should be always a very user-friendly
and simple application to the team members with great UI. The reason is it will support attractive team
members to this app and invest their valuable time for the valuable thing. So, in that case, the quality is
very important and I use feasibility study to save and improve the system quality.

According to the system, this feasibility study is very helpful to get the full idea of the project vision
and every objective is well identified. Mainly, I can get a well understanding of every stage of project
planning, design, development, and execution. When during this feasibility study process as a business
analysis I was able to find some issues have to in the future. For example, if design this UI to advance it
may not be very user-friendly to the team members. Financially I was able to find unnecessary costs
have in the project before executing the project. I was found direct and indirect costs have in the project
and all benefits of the project. It will help to identify and make ideas about the relevant project before
the start and save time and cost. Technically this feasibility test was helped to choose the best
technology which most suitable for the system without any difficulty such as programming languages,
UI design, Database, Functions and Features, and other kinds of things related to the technical part.
Simply it was helped to conduct and produce a perfect outcome for the team members. On the other
hand, this feasibility study was helped to find out all other things relevant to the project such as team
member's feedback about the system and how many users are going to use this system therefore, as a
business analysis I can fulfill all my expectations and user’s expectations. Simply, this feasibility test
provides perfect prediction about the project and upcoming issues of the project. This feasibility study
is very important and must do before executing the project and it will help to reduce unnecessary things
have in the project without any problem.

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2.4 Discuss the impact of the different financial, economic and technical feasibility
criteria on the system developed to the DT IT Company

When discussing the differences of the financial, economic, and technical parts which have on the
feasibility study, those sections strategies are different from each section. So, in that case, we can do
correctly feasibility without these sections because feasibility is the combination of that stages.
Typically, it is helpful to check every part of the project subtly. Every company does this feasibility test
before the start or execute the project because this test will display the future status of the project and
we can get an idea about those details is this project conduct or leave? This method helps to save time
and money for the whole team and company. Indirectly this method works as a filter for filtering what
project is good for conduct and undertake. It will indirectly affect the reputation and brand name of the
company. As a business analysis, I have a responsibility to protect the reputation and the brand name of
the company that case I will use this feasibility study for every project what comes to the team and
company.

According to this feasibility study check the project using 4 iterations (sections). Those sections are
Financial, Technical, operational, and organizational. We check this system on these 4 sections.
Mainly, in financial feasibility, we are checking our system for how long economically feasible.
Simply, it is means checking about the expenses of the system such as staff, budget, technical expenses
likewise. Typically, this expense is divided into 2 parts. The 1st part is definite expenses and 2nd one is
indefinite expenses. When concern definite expenses, it is checked and calculating expenses of software
and hardware of the system and other all direct expenses which happen on the project such as staff cost,
maintains, etc. on the other hand, indefinite expenses checkout the indirect expenses which happen in
the project such as cost of conducting tests and finally display the benefits of the project.

When talking about the technical feasibility, it will check out how compatible and interact new
technology to the system such as checking new programming languages, databases, frameworks, etc...
simply it will display which kind of technology most suitable for the system. it will help to produce a
good outcome and stable conductivity to the project and system

27 | P a g e System Analysis & Design G. Kasun Peiris

3rd section is operational feasibility, mainly it will display which type of issues are come when using
the system in the real world. Simply, we check out the details and analysis which problems can come
when using this system like how long are we using this system? how many users are using this system,
the workload of the project (processing time), and how many hours taking this project likewise. Finally,
organizational feasibility is checkout the maintaining process of the system when executing in the
organizational environment. Simply, this section identifies the maintain of the system, on the other
hand, get the feedback and output from the team members about the system because the reason is full of
software development is handle base on this team member output therefore, I can understand which
kind of technology and which kind UI most suit for the users. For an example when our team member
has less knowledge of higher technology this system should be very simple but they are advanced
knowledge of the system we can implement advanced things to the system. mainly, everything is based
on their opinion and it will help to produce a perfect outcome to the users with high satisfaction. These
are the importance of doing feasibility before executing the project. This section is very useful and must
when conducting the project. This will help to conduct project very stable and efficient project process.
On the other hand, it will help to save our valuable time and cost.

Figure 4: Feasibility Study

28 | P a g e System Analysis & Design G. Kasun Peiris

TASK 03
3.1 Perform Systems Analysis for your proposed solution (system) using a suitable
methodology.

What is the fact-finding technique?

Fact-finding is a technique of data gathering using research, documentation, observation, interviews,

and prototyping data that have in the project. It means by simply; this is the technique of requirements
gathering from the user regarding the system requirements. This is a very important section have in the
developing cycle of the system because the reason is we build all functions of the system based on the
customer requirements therefore we can get very efficient and satisfy outcome of the project. Usually,
this is the 1st stage of the SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) and there have some techniques to
do this data gathering process very efficiently including post-implementation, design, and system
analysis phase have in the SDLC. We can check the factors from any data system based on three stages:
factors which use for useful things, process functionalities that help to fulfill objectives, and interactive
UI design with customers. These fact-finding techniques are helping to carry the project on the correct
path efficiently because facts (information) are the major thing of the project whole project process
depends on these facts. So, in that case, we have to do this requirement gathering part very subtly and
carefully. These are the major techniques of fact-finding techniques;

Survey
The survey is an online question form (feedback) conducts online and anyone can give the information
online for this survey. In this source we can get information’s from a large number of participations &
can get the idea of all information’s from numeric values and graph system. We can use google form as
a survey to gathering data from people.

Observation
Observation is watching & focus on someone and after getting an idea about his behavior, talking sense
and special skills like that information covert to numeric data. For example, if the interviewer interview
some guys and focus him which words are the participations most used and that information convert to
numeric data how many words, he used likewise.

29 | P a g e System Analysis & Design G. Kasun Peiris

Interviews

An Interview can get the whole idea about the quality of gathering information. Then interviews can
conduct structured, semi-structured & unstructured. Interviews help to gather data directly from the
relevant persons. Usually, it is used from the past to the present because this technique is very common
and famous and many times this interview happening between team and users or team and customers. It
is depending on the project.

Group discussions

In this case, we can get idea information’s from some medium type of group discussions. Example:
some related community group discussion. Usually, this group conversation is built between each
member. Simply it is means by the team members are sharing their opinions among team members.

Prototype

Another fact-finding technique is prototyping, which collects the system's requirement facts.
Prototyping is the process of sampling a small working model that is more closely tied to the pre-design
of an information system. When examining realty, prototypes can be produced at an earlier stage of the
system development life cycle. Breakthrough prototyping refers to the process of prototype facts to
describe the end user's requirements.

According to my project survey form technique is a fact-finding technique. This technique is very easy
and most suitable for the current pandemic situation to gathering requirements or finding facts. So, in
that case, I am chosen this technique. Simply, it will help to gather information from the large scale of
society and members (users) or customers but my system is going to some average scale of members
therefore I will conduct this technique to gathering information. This survey form technique is most
suited to my project because team member opinion is very important for this system.

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3.2 Explain how effective your analysis was in terms of the methodology that you
used.

when the emphasis on the fact-finding techniques there have few efficient techniques to use for data
gathering among those techniques, I was selected the survey method to conduct my project requirement
gathering section. It was helped to conduct requirement gathering part though the online at this
pandemic situation. Usually, I am using Google forms to conduct this section. This Google form helps
to get the whole idea percentage vise members opinions. I am providing some major questions as a
google form to the team member via WhatsApp or Email after that member is the respond to the form
and finally, I can see the whole response as a one form get the idea about the system and functions of
the system. it is more efficient and easier to respond to the members. Simply, this technique is very
user-friendly and at no cost (totally free). This technique’s accuracy level is high than other techniques
because human involvement is low and error probability also low. nowadays all people are using at that
situation this is the best way to gathering requirement from the members because all are using internet
and mobile phones that will help to respond easily to the survey form. This technique is highly affected
to the project success. Typically, the requirement gathering section gets early stage of the SDLC
because the reason is that is the major thing of the project therefore as business analysis, I have
responded to choose the best fact-finding technique for the data gathering. That will help to get the
perfect outcome from the project with a satisfying product. There have few strengths,

Fast Service: On average, the time required to complete an online survey project is two-thirds that of
traditional research methods. You don't have to wait for paper surveys to be returned because the
information is obtained automatically response time is virtually quick. According to online marketing
experts, more than half of the answers are obtained within the first three days of the campaign.

Easy to use participant and Researcher: The majority of individuals who have access to the Internet
prefer to do surveys online rather than over the phone. With an online survey, participants may take the
survey at a time that is convenient for them, and the time required to complete the survey is
significantly less. Questions that are irrelevant to a specific participant can be skipped automatically
utilizing the Skip logic feature of the Survey. For researchers, the major advantage of online surveys is
that they enhance productivity by saving time. When a more thorough analysis is required, data is
instantaneously available and may be readily imported into specialized statistical tools or spreadsheets.

31 | P a g e System Analysis & Design G. Kasun Peiris

Simple design: An online survey allows you to imprint your brand on the user's memory and remind
them of the benefits you provide. An online survey may be customized to fit your company's website
by using unique backgrounds, photos, logos, fonts, the final re-direct page, and even the URL of your
survey. Ensure that your online survey provider provides mobile responsive surveys, which will allow
you to expand your reach while keeping your brand consistent across all devices.

Flexibility: Depending on the answer to a previous question, the order of the questions in an online
survey can be altered or questions might be skipped entirely. As a result, a survey may be customized to
each participant as the survey progresses. To summarize, online surveys are an excellent choice for
individuals and organizations seeking to conduct their research because they are less time-consuming,
less expensive, provide results faster, and allow you to transfer and use the data in a variety of
applications to answer important questions.

Honest: Market researchers have discovered that participants prefer to conduct online surveys rather
than printed questionnaires or phone interviews and that they often offer longer and more thorough
responses. People are more likely to reply honestly when surveys are designed and sent in a relevant
and focused manner.

Figure 5: Facts-Finding Techniques (Survey Form)

32 | P a g e System Analysis & Design G. Kasun Peiris

3.3 Explain what criteria you used to select the methodology and justify your choice
in terms of your business problem.

According to the project I am using agile methodology and Google survey form as a fact-finding
technique. Mainly, I will develop this system for practice agile methodology to a team member because
the reason is we mostly used traditional methodology to conduct projects but we are decided to shift to
the agile methodology. In that case, our team is not ready for that and the reason is less experience with
the agile methodology. This system is mainly focused to improve team member’s knowledge therefore
this will be very user-friendly and great UI with illustration anime. It will help to attract to the system
and without boring experience. So, in that case, I will get some feedback and their opinion about the
system such as which kind of features implement in the system. it is very helpful to conduct a stable
project and satisfying outcome from the project. The fact-finding technique is the first stage of the agile
methodology. When talking about the survey forms, it was very effective to get valuable feedback from
the team members in this situation without any problem. This technique is more effective than the other
fact-finding techniques. Simply this fact-finding technique is working through the internet so that case
anyone can give a response to the form anywhere. This survey form is used will some stages of the
project not only for the planning section.

During the process of the project, we are releasing the Beta version to the team member as testing and
that situation also we are using survey form to get ideas and feedbacks about that prototype. After that,
we are redeveloping the system and provide the system with the suggested implementations. Typically,
this survey form is full of free and that form provides Google, SurveyMonkey websites. We can
provide questions as a questionnaire and check box methods. Simply it means by a user can provide the
answers to the questions as an essay and MCQ type. This survey form UI also perfect and we can
customize that relevant to the system. the major reason is why I am using this fact-finding technique to
gather data from the team is fast and time-saving. We can do a large scale of research also using this
survey form without any kind of difficulties and this survey form display the responses as a graph and
graphical views (Pie chart). On the other hand, we can share this form via WhatsApp, Facebook. Email
and all other kinds of messaging apps and social media platforms. The survey form is the most suitable
fact-finding technique for any kind of project nowadays. It is very effective to the project for collecting
data from the relevant person or society because the reason is that feedbacks are very important for the
project outcome and conducting. The agile method also a person-oriented methodology. in that case,
user feedbacks are very important for the project.

33 | P a g e System Analysis & Design G. Kasun Peiris

TASK 04
4.1 Design (No need to implement) the system of DT IT company to meet user and
system requirements that you identified in the previous task.

What is a Data flow diagram?

Data flow diagrams, often known as DFDs, are used to visually describe the movement of data in a
corporate information system. DFD covers the procedures that occur in a system to move data from the
input to file storage and to generate reports. There are two types of data flow diagrams: logical and
physical. The logical data flow diagram depicts the movement of data through a system to execute
certain business functions. The physical data flow graphic depicts how the logical data flow is
implemented. DFD visually represents the functions or processes that capture, alter, store, and
distribute data between a system and its environment, as well as between system components. Because
of the visual representation, it serves as a useful communication tool between the user and the system
designer. The DFD structure allows you to start with a broad overview and work your way up to a
hierarchy of specific graphics. DFD is frequently used for the following reasons:

The system's logical information flow

Identifying the physical system construction needs

Defining the criteria for manual and automated systems

According to this project, I designed the data flow diagram suit to the system scenario. Simply, it
represents how data will flow in the system as a graphical diagram. We can get an idea about the whole
mechanism of the project. I was able to design three diagrams with this data flow diagram. Those
diagrams are use-case diagrams and activity diagrams. these are representing case, mechanism, and
flow likewise. All diagrams are more similar to the data flow diagram. typically, these diagrams are
designing in the planning stage of agile methodology and the major thing is we can easily identify the
requirements and the drive implementation correctly.

34 | P a g e System Analysis & Design G. Kasun Peiris

When talking about the software tool which use to design all those diagrams, I am using the main 2
online designing tools on the internet that tools are: Drawio and Creately websites. These websites are
helping to draw diagrams easily and free. Those tools are optimized very well and fulfill all the user
requirements. Mainly, those tools provide various kinds of diagram templates for design your
preference. Everything is a drag and drop tool and UI is very user-friendly. Simply, we can get output
as a variant format type. Usually, it is a fully functional tool and has all features function which uses for
design diagrams. There has a wide range of shapes and templates for user choice. We can edit the
diagram very easily and professionally. It will help to present a perfect diagram to the customer without
any difficulties and easy to understand with high graphical UI. These tools are very useful and essential
to conduct a project perfectly.
Drawio: https://app.diagrams.net/ Creately: https://app.creately.com/diagram/usmqeX9Ymfx/edit

Figure 6: Use-Case Diagram

35 | P a g e System Analysis & Design G. Kasun Peiris

Figure 7: Activity Diagram

36 | P a g e System Analysis & Design G. Kasun Peiris

Figure 8: Data Flow Diagram

37 | P a g e System Analysis & Design G. Kasun Peiris

4.2 Assess the effectiveness of your design, paying attention to the methodology you
used and how the design meets user and system requirements.

When talking about the system, it is mainly developing for E-Academic solution for the company.
Simply, it is fulfilling all training sessions of employees through the online (system). it will help to
conduct their training session and manage their time. In past, this session was conducted as a physical
session but due to the pandemic situation and all are working from their home therefore as a business
analysis of the DT technology company, I am decided to build an online system for the training
sessions. Simply, employees can manage and study their academics from home without any kind of
problem. I am building this application based on agile methodology and previously mentioned above in
details of the system. before I build this system in the planning session create a diagram to represent the
mechanism of the system. it will help to get a rough idea of the system. usually, I have used a use-case
diagram, activity diagram, and data flow diagram. When talking about the agile methodology that is
fully person-oriented.
Typically, we planning and design the structure of the system to conduct and make corrections with the
customers. For example, some customers are come to the company and tell their requirements to the
project manager to build a system someplace. In that case, the manager mainly concerns about the
customer’s requirements and creates a system structure diagram and shows to the customer and
explains what the manager understands about the customer’s requirements. Simply that is a kind of
proof that represents the mechanism behind the system and the manager’s understanding of the
requirements. That is why very important to diagram before building the system. Customers can get a
simple idea about the system see this mechanism of whatever large or complicated diagram.

There have some major kinds of the diagram we use in project management. Use-case diagram. Data
flow diagram and activity diagram. Mainly, those 3 diagrams are representing the whole mechanism of
the project. We can conduct the project without methodology and diagrams. It is very essential to
project success. The methodology is managed whole project mechanism and the diagram represent the
structure of that critical mechanism of the project therefore these 2 major things are a must for the
project. Methodology handles the whole project from planning to testing section physically and
diagrams show off the project process of the project. These methodology and diagrams are very
effective and essential to conduct a stable project. Simply, the diagram is representing the plan of the
project and the methodology is representing the whole project process (execution). So, in that case,
these are essential to the project.

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39 | P a g e System Analysis & Design G. Kasun Peiris