ELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECT AND LOGIC GATES (IGCSE 2011)

0625/31/M/J/11 0625/32/M/J/11
9 A simple motor is made in a school laboratory. A coil of wire is mounted on an axle 9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows a wire, held between the poles of a magnet, carrying a current in the
between the poles of a horseshoe magnet, as illustrated in Fig. 9.1. direction of the arrow.
coil
B C

A D
Springy contacts
(brushes)

battery Fig. 9.1

Fig. 9.1 (i) On Fig. 9.1, draw an arrow, labelled F, to show the direction of the force acting on the
(a) At the instant illustrated in Fig. 9.1, the coil ABCD is horizontal and the battery is wire. [1]
connected as shown.
(i) For this position, state the direction of the force on AB and the direction of the motion (ii) Explain why the force F acts on the wire.
of AB.
force on AB [1]
direction of motion of AB [1]
(iii) The directions of the current and the magnetic field are both reversed. State the effect
(ii) Explain why BC does not contribute to the turning force on the coil. on the force F.
[1]
[1]
(b) Fig. 9.2 shows a negatively charged particle travelling, in a vacuum, into a region where
(b) At the instant when the coil is vertical, the springy contacts do not, in fact, make a magnetic field acts. The magnetic field, shown by the crosses, is acting into the paper.
contact with the ends of the coil.
Describe and explain what happens to the coil.

[2]
Fig. 9.2
(c) The motor in Fig. 9.1 does not rotate very quickly. The designer of a commercial motor
(i) Draw an arrow, labelled F, to show the direction of the force on the particle at point P
is required to produce a faster-rotating motor.
where it enters the field.
Suggest one change that could be made to increase the speed of the motor.
(ii) Describe the path of the particle as it continues to move through the magnetic field.
[1] [2]
[Total: 5] [Total: 5]
10 (a) In the space below, draw the symbol for an OR gate. [1] (b) Fig. 8.2 shows a transformer. P is the primary coil. S is the secondary coil. The coils are
wound on an iron core.

(b) Describe the action of an OR gate in terms of its inputs and outputs.

Fig. 8.2

[2] P has 200 turns and S has 800 turns. The e.m.f. induced across S is 24 V. The current in
S is 0.50 A. The transformer operates with 100% efficiency.
(c) A car manufacturer wishes to install an alarm system in a 2-door car to inform the driver Calculate
if either door is not properly closed. An OR gate is to be used in the construction of this (i) the voltage of the supply to P, [2]
system. Describe suitable input and output arrangements for the gate.

[3]
[Total: 6]

(ii) the current in P. [2]

Fig. 8.1
Suggest three possible changes to the system in Fig. 8.1 that would increase the induced
current. [Total: 7]
1.
2.
3. [3]
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0625/32/O/N/11 0625/33/O/N/11
11 In the laboratory demonstration shown in Fig. 11.1, a copper rod rolls at a steady speed 8 Fig. 8.1 shows a simple motor with a rectangular coil that is free to rotate about an axis
down the sloping parallel copper rails. The rails are in the region of a strong magnetic A1A2. The coil is connected to a battery by brushes B1 and B2.
field that acts vertically downwards.

Fig. 11.1
Fig. 8.1
(a) Explain why the voltmeter shows a deflection.
(a) Brush B1 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery and brush B 2 is connected
to the negative terminal of the battery.
(i) On Fig. 8.1, use an arrow to show the direction of the conventional current in the coil.
[1]
[2] (ii) State the direction in which the coil rotates, when viewed from the end closest to the
(b) State, with reasons, the effect on the voltmeter deflection of the following changes: brushes.
(i) increasing the strength of the magnetic field, [1]
deflection
(b) State what difference, if any, each of the following changes makes to the rotation of the
reason coil:
(i) using a battery with a larger potential difference,

(ii) slightly increasing the slope of the copper rails, (ii) using a coil with several turns of wire carrying the same current as in (a),
deflection
reason
(iii) using a stronger magnetic field.
[3]

(iii) changing the direction of the magnetic field so it is parallel to the copper rails and (c) The structure of the motor is very similar to that of an a.c. generator. Use ideas about
directed down the slope. induction to suggest why the current from the battery falls as the motor speeds up.
deflection
reason
[4] [1]
[Total: 6] [Total: 6]
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