F900EX EASY 02-29-00

ATA 29 – HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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02-29 ATA 29 - HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

02-29-00 TABLE OF CONTENTS

02-29-05 GENERAL
Introduction
Sources
Equipment location

02-29-10 DESCRIPTION
Sub-systems
Accumulators
Distribution

02-29-15 CONTROL AND INDICATION

Control
Indication

02-29-20 SYSTEM PROTECTION

Circuit breakers
Relief valves

02-29-25 NORMAL OPERATION

Introduction
On ground operation
In-flight operation

02-29-30 ABNORMAL OPERATION

Introduction
HYD 2 fluid leak
Engine-driven pump 1 and 3 failure
CAS messages

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GENERAL
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INTRODUCTION

The hydraulic power system provides pressure for actuation of several airplane components.
It is composed of two fully independent systems (HYD 1 and HYD 2 systems) operating
simultaneously and powered by:
- three engine-driven pumps with a regulated pressure output of 3,000 psi (+/- 200 psi),
- one electrical stand-by pump.
Hydraulic system is a “set and forget” type. After initialization for flight (ST-BY PUMP set to
AUTO) no crew action is required for the rest of the flight if no failure occurs.

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FIGURE 02-29-05-00 FLIGHT DECK OVERVIEW

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GENERAL
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SOURCES

Each hydraulic system has its own hydraulic fluid reservoir located in the mechanic servicing
compartment.
Each reservoir is pressurized by its corresponding hydraulic system. The reservoirs are
pressurized to avoid pump cavitation.

HYD 1 RESERVOIR HYD 2 RESERVOIR

2.38 USG 1.58 USG

(9 l) (6 l)

Main hydraulic power is provided by three engine-driven mechanical pumps.

HYD 1 system is supplied by two pumps:
- engine 1 hydraulic pump,
- engine 3 hydraulic pump.
HYD 2 system is supplied by two pumps:
- engine 2 hydraulic pump,
- electrical stand-by pump, automatically activated in case of HYD 2 engine-driven pump
failure (fail-safe system).

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GENERAL
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EQUIPMENT LOCATION

Hydraulic pumps

Parking brake
accumulator

Circuit breaker
panel
Ground servicing
Overhead connectors
panel
Hydraulic Accumulators
reservoirs
Stand-by pump
and selector valve

Instrument panel

FIGURE 02-29-05-01 EQUIPMENT LOCATION

The hydraulic system components are mainly installed in the hydraulic racks in the mechanic
servicing compartment.
Except for very few items, the HYD 1 system components are located on the left side of the
airplane, the HYD 2 system and stand-by components on the right side.
External hydraulic cart connections are provided for ground checks and maintenance tests of
each system.

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DESCRIPTION
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SUB-SYSTEMS

HYDRAULIC ENGINE DRIVEN PUMPS

The three self-regulating, piston-type pumps are driven by the accessory gearbox of the
corresponding engine.
They automatically regulate the output pressure at 3,000 psi (± 200 psi).
The pumps are not controlled from the cockpit.
The pumps are lubricated by the hydraulic fluid. A shear section in the pump drive shaft
protects the engine gearbox in case of pump seizure.

STAND-BY ELECTRICAL PUMP

In case of HYD 2 pump failure, a stand-by electrical pump (A1 bus) allows operation of
components powered by the HYD 2 system.
In AUTO mode, the stand-by pump starts automatically as soon as a pressure drop
(pressure below 1,500 psi) is detected in the HYD 2 system: the stand-by pump cycles
continuously between 1,500 and 2,150 psi and stops operating as long as pressure stays
above 2,150 psi.
The stand-by electrical pump may also be used, on ground only, to pressurize the HYD 1
system for maintenance checks. The mechanical selector that switches the pump between
HYD 1 and HYD 2 systems is located in the mechanic servicing compartment (right side).

CAUTION
The stand-by pump selector must be set to IN FLIGHT position prior to flight.

NOTE
The stand-by pump must be switched off in case of HYD 2 system leakage.

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ACCUMULATORS

Each system includes a hydraulic accumulator to dampen pressure surges in the system and
provide instantaneously available reserve power. Each accumulator is fitted with a refiller port
and a nitrogen pressure gage.
The HYD 2 system includes two additional accumulators to provide reserve power for the
parking brake system and the thrust reverser operation in case of HYD 2 system failure.

NOTE
After engine shutdown or hydraulic failure, hydraulic pressure in each system accumulator
drops to zero. Check valves maintain the pressure in the parking brake and thrust reverser
accumulators. Pressure holding valves keep the reservoirs pressurized.

FIGURE 02-29-10-00 ACCUMULATORS DIAGRAM AND TYPICAL HYDRAULIC ACCUMULATORS

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DESCRIPTION
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DISTRIBUTION

FIGURE 02-29-10-01 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM DIAGRAM

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HYD 1 SYSTEM

HYD 1 system is pressurized by two self-regulating (constant pressure) hydraulic pumps

driven by the No 1 and No 3 engine gearboxes (PUMP 1 and PUMP 3).
Both pumps draw operating fluid from the No 1 hydraulic reservoir and feed the system at a
rated pressure of 3,000 psi (± 200 psi).
The output pressure of the pumps hydraulically charges the HYD 1 system accumulator and
supplies pressure to:
- pitch servoactuator (one barrel),
- rudder servoactuator (one barrel),
- aileron servoactuator (one barrel),
- pitch feel unit,
- normal slats (inboard and outboard),
- landing gears and corresponding doors,
- No 1 brake system,
- nose wheel steering.

HYD 2 SYSTEM

HYD 2 system is pressurized by one self-regulating (constant pressure) hydraulic pump

(same characteristics as No 1 and No 3 pumps) driven by the No 2 engine gearbox (PUMP
2).
PUMP 2 draws operating fluid from the No 2 hydraulic reservoir and feeds the system at a
rated pressure of 3,000 psi (± 200 psi).
HYD 2 system can be pressurized by an automatic electrical pump (ST-BY PUMP)
connected to A1 bus.
The output pressure of the pump hydraulically charges the No 2 system accumulator and
supplies pressure to :
- pitch servoactuator (one barrel),
- rudder servoactuator (one barrel),
- aileron servoactuator (one barrel),
- flaps,
- airbrakes,
- emergency slats (outboard only),
- No 2 brake system,
- parking brake (with one monitored pressure accumulator),
- thrust reverser (with one pressure accumulator, not monitored).

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CONTROL AND INDICATION
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CONTROL

FIGURE 02-29-15-00 STAND-BY PUMP OVERHEAD PANEL CONTROL

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SYNTHETIC TABLE

TO ACTIVATE
CONTROL FUNCTION SYNOPTIC
TO DEACTIVATE

In AUTO
mode,
not cycling

In AUTO
Push on mode,
(AUTO cycling
- ST-BY pump can be
mode)
set to AUTO mode
or OFF In AUTO
mode
- It must be in AUTO
running for
mode in flight
more than
pushbutton (normal condition)
60 sec
- In the AUTO mode,
it automatically
operates in case of
PUMP 2 failure OFF
- ST-BY pump starts
operation when
HYD 2 pressure
status light drops below 1,500 On ground
psi and stops when test,
pressure reaches cycling on
2,150 psi (green
range on the psi Push OFF
scale is adjusted to
normal operating On ground
range) test,
cycling off

Invalid data

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CONTROL AND INDICATION
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INDICATION

Hydraulic indications are displayed on the MDU:

- in the HYD synoptic,
- in the STAT synoptic (hydraulic quantity and pressure indications).
Direct-reading indicators are also available for the reservoirs fluid levels and for the
accumulators pressure mainly in the mechanic servicing compartment.

HYD SYNOPTIC

FIGURE 02-29-15-01 HYD SYNOPTIC

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Examples of hydraulic level indications

QTY above the minimum QTY below the minimum Invalid data
required (1/4) required (1/4)

FIGURE 02-29-15-02 HYDRAULIC LEVEL INDICATORS

Examples of hydraulic pressure indications

FIGURE 02-29-15-03 HYDRAULIC FLUID PRESSURES

NOTE
When the stand-by pump is active, the green range of the pressure indication scale shifts
from 2,150 to 1,500 psi.

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Examples of hydraulic pump status

Running Not running Failed Invalid data

FIGURE 02-29-15-04 HYDRAULIC PUMP STATUS

Examples of equipment status

In normal operation, symbols are green. If a failure occurs in a system, the symbols of
equipment powered by this system become amber.

NOTE
As flight control actuators are connected to HYD 1 and HYD 2 circuits, the corresponding
symbols are (see figure below):
- green, in normal operating conditions,
- amber, in case of total hydraulic power loss,
- half green / half amber in case of loss of one system.

FIGURE 02-29-15-05 SYMBOLS OF FLIGHT CONTROLS

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Park brake, Thrust Reverser (T/R) and corresponding accumulators

FIGURE 02-29-15-06 PARK BRAKE AND THRUST REVERSER INDICATIONS

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STATUS synoptic

HYD 1 and HYD 2 quantities

and pressure indications

FIGURE 02-29-15-07 STAT SYNOPTIC

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DIRECT READING INDICATORS

Fluid level indicator

Each reservoir is equipped with a built-in fluid level indicator with two scales labeled
PRESSURIZED and UNPRESSURIZED.
Each scale includes two red ranges for low and excessive fluid quantity and one green
range for optimum level at temperature between – 40°C and + 90°C when the system
has been unpressurized for several hours. They are located in the mechanic servicing
compartment.

FIGURE 02-29-15-08 HYDRAULIC FLUID LEVEL DIRECT READING INDICATOR

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CONTROL AND INDICATION
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Accumulator nitrogen pressure gages

Visual check of accumulator nitrogen pressure gages is not possible from the outside. It
has to be done through the mechanic servicing compartment door, except for the gage of
the parking brake accumulator, which is located at the root of the RH wing.

FIGURE 02-29-15-09 PARKING BRAKE ACCUMULATOR NITROGEN PRESSURE GAGE

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SYSTEM PROTECTION
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CIRCUIT BREAKERS

FIGURE 02-29-20-00 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM CIRCUIT BREAKERS

RELIEF VALVES

Reservoir overpressure is prevented by a relief valve.

Entrapped air is automatically purged through a vent valve. When engines are shut down,
reservoirs pressurization is maintained by an accumulator in the pressure valve.

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NORMAL OPERATION
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INTRODUCTION

In the following, typical on ground and in-flight situations have been selected to help the crew
to understand the symbols provided in the various panels and displays.

ON GROUND OPERATION

AIRPLANE WITH AUXILIARY POWER UNIT (APU) OPERATING

FIGURE 02-29-25-00 HYD SYNOPTIC, APU OPERATING AND STAND-BY PUMP CYCLING

NORMAL STATUS RESULT

Hydraulic engine-driven pumps 1, 2 and 3 HYD pumps 1, 2 and 3 symbols are gray and
are inactive as engines are not running HYD 1 system is inoperative.

ST-BY pump overhead panel pushbutton in ST-BY pump cycling as HYD 2 is inactive
AUTO mode HYD 2 equipment symbol are green

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IN-FLIGHT OPERATION

AIRPLANE FLYING IN NORMAL OPERATION (3 ENGINES RUNNING)

FIGURE 02-29-25-01 HYD SYNOPTIC

NORMAL STATUS RESULT

HYD 1 and HYD 2 systems operating:

Hydraulic engine-driven pumps 1, 2 and 3 - HYD pumps symbol is green,
active
- HYD 1 and HYD 2 system equipment
symbols are green

ST-BY pump overhead panel pushbutton on AUTO indication above ST-BY pump
AUTO position symbol

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ABNORMAL OPERATION
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INTRODUCTION

In the following, abnormal situations have been illustrated to help the crew to understand the
symbols provided in the various panels and displays.

HYD 2 FLUID LEAK

ABNORMAL STATUS

FIGURE 02-29-30-00 ST-BY PUMP OVERHEAD PANEL CONTROL

FIGURE 02-29-30-01 HYD SYNOPTIC

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CONTEXT RESULT

- HYD 2 fluid quantity symbol is amber

- HYD 2 hydraulic pressure symbol in amber
- HYD 2 corresponding symbol in amber
HYD 2 fluid leak + HYD 2 PUMP 2 CAS message

%
MASTER
+ CAUTION light on

- ST-BY pump symbol is amber

ST-BY pump on AUTO,
running for more than 60 sec - ST-BY PUMP PERMANENT
CAS message

AFTER PROCEDURE COMPLETE

FIGURE 02-29-30-02 ST-BY PUMP OVERHEAD PANEL CONTROL

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FIGURE 02-29-30-03 HYD SYNOPTIC

ACTION RESULT

ST-BY pump overhead panel pushbutton set ST-BY pump symbol is gray
to OFF with OFF indication in amber

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ENGINE-DRIVEN PUMP 1 AND 3 FAILURE

FIGURE 02-29-30-04 HYD SYNOPTIC

CONTEXT RESULT

- PUMP 1,PUMP 3, HYD 1 pressure and

equipment symbols in amber.
+ HYDR #1 PUMP 1+3
Engine-driven pumps 1 and 3 failure CAS message

+ %
MASTER
CAUTION light on

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CAS MESSAGES

CAS MESSAGE DEFINITION

BOTH HYDR SYSTEM Too low hydraulic pressure at pump outputs with
engines running

HYDRAULIC LOW LEVEL .. Hydraulic level (1/2) less than ¼

HYDR #1 PUMP .. Hydraulic pump (1/3) failure (HYD 1 system):

pressure below 1,500 psi (97 bar)

HYDR #2 PUMP 2 Hydraulic pump 2 failure (HYD 2 system): pressure

below 1,500 psi (97 bar)

ST-BY PUMP ON C#1 Stand-by pump connected on HYD 1 system for

maintenance

ST-BY PUMP PERMANENT Stand-by pump cycling for more than 60 sec

HYDR .. FAIL On ground, indication of hydraulic (1/2/3) pump

pressure switch failure

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