worked Example

(1/3)
At Z.T 0500 on July 28th 1990 in DR ( 24° 10 N, 110° 20 W ) when the
chronometer reads 11h 50m 10s and ch.Err 1m 20 s fast. Find:-
1-T.Bg. of Polaris.
2-Comp. Error and Dev .if comp.Bg. of Polaris was 355° and the Var. was 2.5 W.

Z.T 0500 28 July Ch.T 11 50 10

Z.N . 7 Ch.Err 00 01 50 fast
G.D 1200 28 July G.M.T 11 48 20

G.H.A 110 51.2

inc 12 7.0
c G.H.A 122 58.2
Long/T 110 20 W
L.H.A 12 38.2
Polaris
T.Bg 0.3
Table
Lat. 24 20 N 360.3

T.Bg 360.3
C.Bg 355
T.Bg 360.3 C.Err 5.3 E
G.Bg Var. 2.5 W
G.Err Dev 7.8 E
 A.B.C
worked Example

(1/4)
At Z.T 1900 on September 9 th 1990 ship was in D.R (22° 15 N,20° 30 W )
chronometer showed : 7 h 30m 40s and the ch.Er. was 2 m 20s slow
1- Find the comp. Er. If comp. Bg. Of Fomalhout was 129° and Dev if the var was 3°E
2- Find the G.Er if the Gyro Bg. Was 124.5° .

Z.T 1900 9 Sept Ch.T 7 30 40

Z.N w _ 1 Ch.Err . 2 20 slow
G.D 2000 9 Sept G.M.T 19 33 00

G.H.A 273 33.9 Dec. Sun / Moon

inc 8 16.4 d.cor Planets
S.H.A 15 42.3 c.Dec
c G.H.A 297 32.6
Long w 20 30
L.H.A 277 02.6 A 0.051 S

Lat. 22 15 N B 0.574 S

Dec 29 40.1 S C 0.625 S

AZ S 60 E

T.Bg 120

T.Bg 120 T.Bg 120

G.Bg 124.5 C.Bg 129
G.Err 4.5 H C.Err 9 W
Var. 3 E
Dev 12 W
 COMPASS ERROR (AMPLITUDE)
worked Example

(1/5)
a)Find Z.T of sun set and end of evening Civil twilight in D.R (13° 40’ S , 132° 50’ E) on
April 13th ,1990
b)Use the Amplitude method ,on April 13 th 1990 to find the compass Error and Dev.
If the Sun set at Bg. 268° (C) ,281° (G) and Var. was 5° E regarding data in( a).

Sun Set evening civil

L.M.T 17 57 00 18 18 00 13-Apr
lat.cor 2 34 2 12
cL.M.T 17 54 26 18 15 48
long/T 8 51 20 8 51 20
G.M.T 9 3 6 9 24 28
Z.N . 9 . 9
Z.T 18 3 6 18 24 28 13-Apr

Dec. 9 00.5 N
N
0.9 d.Cor . 0.1
c.Dec 9 00.6 N
T.Bg = 270 + Amp

Sin Dec
Sin Amp. = Amp
Cos Lat 270 90

Amp. = 9.3

T.Bg = 270 + Amp.

T.Bg = 279.3
S

T.Bg 279.3
C.Bg 268
T.Bg 279.3 C.Err 11.3 E
G.Bg . 281 Var 5 E
G.Err . 1.7 L Dev 6.3 E
 worked Example

At Z.T 1200 on June 7 th 1990 ship was in D.R (48° 25.7N, 128° 38 W )
chronometer showed : 8 h 58m 44s and the ch.Er. was 4 m 16s fast,
I.E 1.2 off arc H.E 9m , the sext . Alt of Sun L.L 63° 53.0'
Find the elements of Position line by intercept method

Z.T 1200 7 June Ch.T 8 58 44

Z.N w . 9 Ch.Err . 4 16 fast
G.D 2100 7 June G.M.T 20 54 28

G.H.A 120 17.5 Dec. 22 47.3 N

inc 13 37.0 d.cor 0.2 N
S.H.A c.Dec 22 47.5 N
c G.H.A 133 54.5
Long w 128 38
L.H.A 005 16.5 S.Alt 63 53.0
Lat. 48 25.7 N Same I.E 1.2 off
Dec 22 47.5 N Name obs.Alt 63 54.2
Dip. . 05.3
Lat / Dec S Name + app.Alt 63 48.9
Lat / Dec D Name - cor . 15.5
T.Alt 64 04.4
cos.CZD = [ cos lat. x cosDec x cos LHA ] ±
90
[ sin lat x sinDec x ]
TZD 25 55.6
CZD 25° 58.7 ' CZD 25 58.7
*Inter 00 03.1 T
A 12.211 S
B 4.570 N
C 7.641 S
AZ S 11.2 W
*TBg 191.2
 worked Example

During the evening civil twilight on Aug. 6th 1990 a ship was in D.R.
(39° 15'N, 177° 50'W). Ch.err. 1m 40s slow on GMT. I.E. 1.4' off the arc.
H.E.14 m. Chr. time 7h 30m 14s
The Sext alt. of the star polaris was 38° 48.0'
Calculate:
1- True latitude.
2- Direction of the P.L.

LMT 19 26 00 06-Aug Ch.T 07 30 14

lat.cor . 10 12 Ch.Err 00 01 40 slow
LMT 19 36 12 G.M.T 07 31 54
long/T 11 51 20
GMT 07 27 32 07-Aug
S.Alt 38 48.0
G.H.A 060 32.7 I.E 1.4 off
inc 07 59.8 obs.Alt 38 49.4
c G.H.A 068 32.5 Dip . - 6.6
Long 177 50 W app.Alt 38 42.8
L.H.A 250 42.5 cor . - 1.2
Polaris
T.Alt 38 41.6
Table
Lat. 39 15 N ao 1 36.8
a1 . 0.6
a2 . 0.9
-1 . - 1°
T.Bg 0.6° T.lat 39 19.9 N
DR.lat 39 15.0 N
PL ( 90.6 / 270.6 ) d.lat 00 4.9 N
 At Z.T 1645 on June 28th 1990 ship was in D.R (41° 10' S, 171° 05' E)
chronometer reading: 5h 44m 20s and the ch.Er. was 2m 32s slow,
I.E 2.5' on arc H.E 12 m , the sext . Sirius 23° 45.2'
Find the elements of Position line by longitude method

Z.T 1645 28-Jun Ch.T 05 44 20

Z.N E . - 11 Ch.Err . + 2 32 slow
G.D 05 45 28-Jun G.M.T 05 46 52

G.H.A 351 02.3 S.Alt 23 45.2

inc 11 44.9 I.E . - 2.5
S.H.A 258 49.2 obs.Alt 23 42.7
c G.H.A 261 36.4 Dip . - 6.1
app.Alt 23 36.6
Long E 171 20 cor. . - 2.2
‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯿﺔ‬ L.H.A 72 56.4 T.Alt 23 34.4
90
T.Z.D 66 25.6 TZD 66 25.6
Lat. 41 10.0 S
Dec. 16 42.1 S

Lat / Dec S Name - L.H.A 73 00.3

Lat / Dec D Name + G.H.A 261 36.4
obs.long 188 36.1 W

GHA best ……... long W

GHA least ………. long E

P = 73° 00.3'
LHA = P obs.long 171 23.9 E
or LHA = 360 - P DR .long 171 05 E
d.long . 18.9' E

A 0.267 N dep = d.long x cos Lat

B 0.314 S
C 0.047 S *dep = 14.2 E
AZ S 88.0 W *PL ( 178 / 358 )
TBg 268°
 worked Example

On 7th June 1990 the ship was in D.R (29° 29'S,49° 49'E). When chronometer reads
8h 48m 30s - I.E 2.5' on the arc, H.E 12m ,
ch.error 1m 10s slow on G.M.T.
The sext Alt. of the sun's L.L near the meridian was 37° 44' .
Find the P.L and the latitude at which the P.L crosses D.R long, and draw the PL.

L.M.T mp 11 59 00 7 June Ch.T 8 48 30

long/T . 3 19 16 Ch.Err .+ 1 10 sl
G.M.T 8 39 44 7 June G.M.T 08 49 40

G.H.A 300 18.9 Dec. 22 44.4 N

inc 12 25.0 0.2 d.cor . + 0.2
S.H.A c.Dec 22 47.5 N
c G.H.A 312 43.9
Long w 49 49 S.Alt 37 44.0
L.H.A 002 32.9 I.Er . - 2.5 on
obs.Alt 37 41.5
D= 2 32.9 12m Dip . - 6.1
app.Alt 37 35.4
Lat 29 29 S A=1.99 Cor . + 14.8
Dec. 22 44.6 N T.Alt 37 50.2
lat ˜ Dec 52 13.6 90
TZD 52 09.8
Lat/ Dec S.name ˜ R . - 3.4
Lat/ Dec D.name + TMZD 52 6.4
Dec 22 44.6
T.Lat 29 21.8 S
DR.lat 29 29 S
d.lat 00 7.2 N
A 12.704 N
B 9.428 N
C 22.132 N
AZ N 003 W
*TBg 357
PL (267 - 087)