PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY MODULE 02: Parts Identification

LABORATORY
MODULE 02:
Parts Identification

POWERPLANT II – GAS TURBINE

ENGINE

Prepared by:
AERO FACULTY

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY MODULE 02: Parts Identification

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TIME
TOPIC PAGE
ALLOTMENT

Engine Familiarization 4 20 minutes

Familiarization with the Pratt & Whitney JT8D Turbofan Engine 5 20 minutes
Familiarization with the Allison-250 Turboshaft Engine 9 20 minutes
Familiarization with the Pratt & Whitney PT6 Turboprop Engine 14 20 minutes
Familiarization with the GE/Snecma CFM56 Turbfan Engine 17 20 minutes

TIME
ACTIVITY PAGE
ALLOTMENT

Laboratory Activity 1 14 71.6 minutes

Laboratory Activity 2 19 300 minutes

HONESTY CLAUSE

As an institution of higher learning, students are expected to display highest degree

of honesty and professionalism in their class work, requirements, and activities; thus,
in no case that cheating—or any form of it, may it be plagiarism, copying other
students' works, and fabrication of materials—shall be tolerated. The college
assumes as a simple and minimal preferred of habits in academic matters that
students be truthful and that they publish for deposit solely the merchandise of their
personal efforts.

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 PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY MODULE 02: Parts Identification

This module will help you familiarize the parts of a gas turbine engine.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Course Learning Outcomes [CLO]

CLO 1. Understand the development of Module Learning Outcomes [MLO]

the gas turbine engine and classify the
gas turbine engine in terms of their design
built through creating a timeline of MLO 1. Illustrate the gas turbine Topic Learning Outcomes [TLO]
important events in the development of engine parts through basic
the gas turbine engine illustrated parts catalog using
AutoCAD Software TLO 7. Identify the parts of aircraft
CLO 2. Learn the design principles and gas turbine engine
operation of gas turbine engines through
summarization of the process of MLO 2. Familiarize with
producing thrust. inspection procedure through TLO 8. Recall/Classify/Label the
CLO 6. To be able to construct a gas summarization of engine components and parts of gas
turbine engine using Computer Aided operations, inspection, and turbine engine through visual
Design by designing their own engine. maintenance. picture. (Actual View and
Sectional View)
CLO 9. To be able to demonstrate fluency
in parts identification of different gas
turbine engines through illustrative
activities.

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY MODULE 02: Parts Identification

Engine Familiarization

Four different Gas Turbine Engines are discussed in this module. The engines are
as follows:

l. The Pratt & Whitney JT8D Turbofan, a low bypass air- liner sized engine.
2. The General Motors Allison Company Model 250 Turhoshaft used in helicopters
(now a Rolls Royce engine).
3. The Pratt & Whitney Company of Canada PT6 Turboprop, a commuter and
business aircraft-sized engine.
4 The GE/Snecma CFM56 Turbofan. a high bypass air-liner sized engine.

These engines represent tour of the most widely produced gas turbine engines in
current use worldwide.

The JT8D is produced only as a turbofan and is an outgrowth of a Navy turbojet

with the designation J-52.
The Allison-250 was originally developed as both the military T-63 and the
commercial 250 model. It is produced in turboshaft and turboprop models, the
shaft model being the most popular.
The PT6 was originally developed as both a military T-76 and the commercial PT6.
It is produced in turboprop and turboshaft models, the turboprop model being the
most popular.
The CFM56 is the engine used in all the Boeing 737 models from the dash 300 up
to the new dash 900. It is also used in a number of Airbus airplanes, and for engine
retrofits on DC-8 and KC-135
aircraft.

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY MODULE 02: Parts Identification

Familiarization with the Pratt & Whitney JT8D Turbofan Engine

The Pratt & Whitney JTSD turbofan engine is the most widely used airliner-sized
engines in the history of aviation. It is used as the power-plant of the Boeing 727,
Boeing 737, and McDonnell Douglas DC-9 and MO-SO. It is a low bypass ratio,
fully ducted engine, with its various models ranging from 12,500 to 20,000
pounds of thrust.

The following material will show the construction features and some of the
operational data of the JT8D-17A so that the reader can compare and contrast
this engine to the various engine designs contained in the preceding portions of
this text.

 Engine Design Features

The JT8D is a front fan turbofan engine of the dual-spool type. It is fully ducted
and has a mixed exhaust. The full bypass duct allows the cold and hot gas streams
to merge before discharging to the atmosphere. It is of low bypass design
indicating that approximately the same amount of air is flowing through the fan
duct as is flowing through the core portion of the engine.

sni
Engine design features – JT8D

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY MODULE 02: Parts Identification
Cutaway view – JT8D

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY MODULE 02: Parts Identification

LEGEND:

1. ANTI-ICING AIR DISCHARGE 15. COMBUSTION CHAMBER

PORTS INNER CASE
2. FAN INLET CASE 16. 1ST STAGE TURBINE BLADES
3. 1ST STAGE FAN BLADES 17. 2ND STAGE TURBINE
4. FRONT COMPRESSOR ROTOR DISK AND BLADES
5. FAN DISCHARGE VANES 18. 3RD STAGE TURBINE
6. FAN DISCHARGE DISK AND BLADES
INTERMEDIATE CASE 19. 4TH STAGE TURBINE
7. FAN DISCHARGE DISK AND BLADES
INTERMEDIATE CASE 20. EXHAUST STRUT
STRUTS 21. NO. 6 BEARING HEATSHIELD
8. NO. 2 AND 3 BEARINGS OIL 22. 4TH STAGE TURBINE VANES
NOZZLE 23. 3RD STAGE TURBINE VANES
9. REAR COMPRESSOR ROTOR 24. 2ND STAGE TURBINE VANES
10. REAR COMPRESSOR ROTOR 25.1ST STAGE TURBINE VANES
REAR HUB 26. IGNITION TRANSFORMER
11. DIFFUSER CASE AIR 27. IGNITER PLUG
MANIFOLD 28. GEAR BOX DRIVE BEVEL
12. FUEL NOZZLE GEAR
13. NO. 4 BEARING OIL NOZZLE 29. MAIN GEARBOX
14. COMBUSTION CHAMBER 30. NO. 1 BEARING TUBE
CONNECTOR

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY MODULE 02: Parts Identification

Major Engine Sections – JT8D

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY MODULE 02: Parts Identification

Familiarization with the Allison-250 Turboshaft Engine

The Allison-250 turboshaft engine is produced by the Allison Division of General

Motors. At the present time, this engine is the most widely used helicopter engine
in the world. There are several different models of the Allison-250, including some
turboprop models. Only the C-20B, F,and J models will be described here.

The C-20 is a two-shaft turhoshaft with a combination compressor, a six-stage

axial attached to a one-stage centrifugal compressor. It has a reverse-flow can-
type combustor, a two-stage high-pressure turbine, also referred to as the gas
producer turbine or N1 turbine, and a two-stage low-pressure turbine called the
power turbine or N 2 turbine.

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY MODULE 02: Parts Identification

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY MODULE 02: Parts Identification

Compressor Section Schematic – 250-C20

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY MODULE 02: Parts Identification

Compressor Rotor Exploded Schematic – 250-C20

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY MODULE 02: Parts Identification

Combustion Section Schematic – 250-C20

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY MODULE 02: Parts Identification

Laboratory Activity 1
Mission Profile
Create a mission profile of your designed gas turbine engine. Use the 3 engines in
your previous research as the basis of the engine you will be making. You will need
to discuss the purpose of your engine, the name of your engine and its
specifications, etc.

Input your work on a A4-sized paper with your complete name, year, section, course,
and signature over printed name indicating that you are accepting the terms provided
and indicated by the honesty clause; saved as PDF file with file name, “Surname –
Module 2 Laboratory Activity 1”; and submit on Google Classroom or any Learning
Management System (LMS) platform provided by the instructor on a designated
deadline.

Familiarization with the Pratt & Whitney PT6 Turboprop Engine

The PT6 Turboprop engine is produced by the Pratt Whitney Company of Canada,
a division of United Technologies Corporation of Hartford. Connecticut. It is the
most widely used corporate/commuter sized turboprop engine in the world. There
are several different models of the PT6, including some turboshaft models. All PT6
models have the same basic shape, with a circular air inlet, and dual exhaust parts
located on the sides of the engine. The output drive shaft and main accessory
gearbox are located at the front and back. This engine is designed to be used in
either a puller or pusher configuration. Small models of the PT6 are in the 500
shaft horsepower class and weigh approximately 300 pounds. Large models are
in the 1,800 shaft horsepower class weigh approximately 600 pounds. Only the
PT6-34 engine for fixed-wing aircraft will be discussed here.
The PT6-34 is a two-shaft turboprop with a combination three-stage axial and
single-stage centrifugal compressor. It has an annular reverse now combustor, a
single-stage high-pressure turbine, called the Gas producer Turbine (N1), and a
single-stage low-pressure turbine called the Power Turbine (N2).

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY MODULE 02: Parts Identification

(A) Cross Sectional View – PT6A-34

(B) Engine Stations along the Gas Path

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY MODULE 02: Parts Identification

Components of Major Sections

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY MODULE 02: Parts Identification

Familiarization with the GE/Snecma CFM56 Turbfan Engine

The CFM56 turbofan engine is manufactured by a multi-national company which

combines General Electric of the U.S. and Snecma of France. A number of
different models have been made since the engine was introduced in 1978, but
this familiarization section will concentrate on the -7B model used in the Boeing
737-600 through 737-900.

The CFM56-7B is available in several different thrust ratings, ranging from

19,500 pounds to 27,300 pounds. The engine is a two spool, high bypass
turbofan. It has a single stage fan plus four additional stages making up the low
pressure compressor. It has a nine stage high pressure compressor. The
combustion chamber is an annular type, available as either a single or dual
annular design. The high pressure turbine is a single stage and the low pressure
turbine has four stages. The engine weighs in at 5300 pounds, is 99 inches in
length, 72 inches high, and 83 inches wide.

The CFM56-7B is a modular concept design engine. It has 17 different modules

that are enclosed within three major modules and an accessory drive module.
The four modules, as shown the figure below are:

 The Fan Major Module.

 The Core Engine Major Module.
 The Low Pressure Turbine Major Module.
 The Accessory Drive Module.

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY MODULE 02: Parts Identification

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY MODULE 02: Parts Identification

Laboratory Activity 2
GTE Structure – Cold Section
Create the cold section of your designed gas turbine engine. Provide a 1:10
orthographic and isometric views (realistic and xray views) of your engine design.
Submit your work saved as PDF file with file name, “Surname – Module 2 Laboratory
Activity 2”; on Google Classroom or any Learning Management System (LMS) platform
provided by the instructor on a designated deadline.

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