RO_MIMAROPA_WS_SCI10_Q4

Science 10
Quarter 4 Week 1
Boyle‘s Law: Pressure and Volume

MELC: Investigate the relationship between volume and pressure at constant

temperature of a gas;

Key Concepts

In the previous activities, we have discussed the concepts of Boyle’s Law,

its definition, units, examples and other applications in daily situations. For example,
automobile engine, the transport vehicles that we are riding everyday has the
application of Boyle’s Law. Every time when there is a compression stroke inside the
cylinder of an automobile engine, there is an upward motion of the piston that reduces
the volume of the gas and the pressure increases. This downward and upward
movement of the piston enables the motion of the piston that provides power to the
wheels of the vehicle.
The same is true when you are drinking your soda drinks, when you
suck up a liquid through the use of a drinking straw, you do exactly the same thing.
Another perfect example of that is how water pump works by increasing the volume,
thus creating a vacuum which can cause the water under the normal atmospheric
pressure in the well to flow into a narrow pipe.
You are now ready to solve problems using the Boyle’s Law. At this point, you
must realize that in order to fully understand the sample of a gas, the different
quantities must be known first. These are the following: number of moles (amount of
matter present (n), temperature (T), volume (V) and pressure (P). You will find it
advantageous also if you list one set of conditions that describes the gas in its initial
condition and another set that describes the gas in its final condition or the changed
condition. Always bear in mind the two conditions in the sample. The initial condition
always represents by the subscript 1 and the final condition represents by the
subscript 2.
Let us try it in a sample problem given below.

Sample Problem:

A sample of oxygen gas (O2) has a volume of 20.0 L and a pressure of 2.0 atm.
What is the new pressure if the volume decreased to 6.00 L? To apply the Boyle’s
Law equation, analyze first the given in the problem. Write them in the table.
Initial Condition Final Condition Change
V1 = 20.0 L V2 = 6.0 L V decreases
P1 = 2.0 atm P2 =? P must increase

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Solution:
Now, solve this problem using the Boyle’s Law equation P1V1 = P2V2. The
quantities for the volume are already given and only one quantity for pressure is
unknown.
Step 1: From the basic formula: P1V1 = P2V2
𝐕𝟏 𝐕𝟏𝐏𝟏
You get P2 = P1 X or P2=
𝐕𝟐 𝐕𝟐

Step 2:
Substituting the known values in the given
(𝟐𝟎.𝟎𝐋)(𝟐.𝟎 𝐚𝐭𝐦)
P2= = 6.67 atm
𝟔.𝟎 𝐋

Step 3:
The pressure of the oxygen gas increases from 2.0 atm to 6.67 atm. This
change is expected since the volume has decreased.

Activity 1 - SOLVE ME OUT!

Based on what you have learned in the given sample problem above, using this Boyle’s
Law equation, V1P2 = V2P2, do the activity below: Good luck! I know you can make it!

Directions: Tabulate first the known and unknown values in the table showing the
two conditions. Answer these problems with complete solutions following the three
steps.

1. At 0°C and 5 atm, a given sample of a gas occupies 75 L. The gas is compressed
to a final volume of 30 L at 0°C. What is the final pressure?
Initial Condition Final Condition Change
V1 = V2 = V
P1 = P2 = P

2. A sample of a gas has a volume of 20 L at 1.5 atm. What will be the volume of
this gas at each of the following pressure: a) 700 mmHg, b) 2 atm, and c) 105
kPa? ( 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 101.325 kPa)

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Initial Condition Final Condition Change

V1 = V2 = V
P1 = P2 = P

Activity 2 - MULTIPLY ME!

The table below shows the pressure-volume data for an experiment. You can
observe also that an increase in pressure results in a decrease in volume. You should
also notice that the product of each pair of pressure and volume measurements are
always the same or constant within the precision of the data.
For the fact that the product of pressure multiplied by volume is always
constant, it is because that PV under one set of conditions equals PV for another set
of conditions as long as the temperature and the amount of gas remain constant.
Directions: Multiply the pressure by the volume to get the constant value of PV.
Pressure-Volume Data

Pressure Volume Pressure x Volume

(atm) (L)
1 12
2 6
3 4
4 3
5 2.4
6 2

Graphing the data gives a hyperbola, which is a representative of an inverse

proportion. As one variable increases, the other variable decreases. The pressure vs.
volume graph represents an inverse relationship---as pressure increases, volume
decreases.
Okay, let us prove that theory by executing and plotting the data on the table
in the next activity. Good luck guys…

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Science 10
Fourth Quarter Week 1
Boyle‘s Law: Pressure and Volume

MELC: Investigate the relationship between volume and pressure at constant

temperature of a gas;

Key Concepts

A modern statement of Boyle's law is: The absolute pressure exerted by a given
mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies if the
temperature and amount of gas remain constant within an enclosed system. ...
Similarly, as volume decreases, the pressure of the gas increases. Decreasing the
applied pressure increases the volume of the gas.
Graphing the data gives a hyperbola, which is a representative of an inverse
proportion. As one variable increases, the other variable decreases. The pressure vs.
volume graph represents an inverse relationship---as pressure increases, volume
decreases.
The curve is called PV curve, and it is hyperbolic in nature. As you can observe
from the graph below as your sample graph, pressure increases with a decrease in
volume, and vice versa. Thus, pressure is inversely proportional to volume. Likewise,
pressure can never be zero because, theoretically, the gas would expand to an infinite
volume. So, even without having any experimental data to fit into a graph, one could
estimate that the inverse relationship between pressure and volume must have two
asymptotes, and if that's the case, it must be a curve.
Here is the sample graph for you…take note of the different guidelines to be
followed.
Guidelines for Making a Line Graph:
Step 1: Identify the variables in the data table.
Independent Variable (purposefully changed by the experimenter
Dependent Variable (changes with the independent variable and is measured
Step 2: Determine the variable range
Subtract the lowest data value from the highest data value for each variable
Step 3: Determine the scale of the graph
Determine the numerical value for each grid unit that best fits the range of
each variable.
Step 4: Number and label each axis and title the graph
Step 6: Draw the graph
Draw a curve or a line that best fits the data points. Do not connect the dots.

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PLOTTING DATA ON A GRAPH

Notice on how the data given on the table Pressure-Volume Data on a graph in order
to show the inverse relationship of the pressure and volume of a gas at constant
temperature. In this graph we use an interval of 2 both in the x and y axis.
Table 1: Pressure - Volume Data

Pressure Volume Pressure x Volume

(atm) (L)
1 12 12
2 6 12
3 4 12
4 3 12
5 2.4 12
6 2 12

Figure 2: Pressure vs. Volume for a Fixed Amount of Gas

at Constant Temperature
The pressure –volume graph represents an inverse relationship, as pressure increases,
volume decreases. Note that this is not a linear relationship, the line in the graph is
curved, and it is not a straight line. P × V is a constant! Then a graph of V against
1/P, should be a straight line with a slope (or gradient) equal to the value of the
constant.
Now, it’s time for you try your own graph…I know you can make it. Enjoy!

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Activity 1- GRAPHING DATA

On this activity let us try to investigate the relationship between pressure and
volume using a larger volume of a gas to see if there is a difference between a
smaller volume and bigger volume.
Directions: Plot the data given on the table Pressure-Volume Data on a graph in
order to show the inverse relationship of the pressure and volume of a gas at
constant temperature. Complete the data table first then use an interval of 100 for
the x axis and 50 for the y axis. Let’s get started!
Pressure-Volume Data

Pressure Volume Pressure x Volume

(kPa) (mL)
100 500
150 333
200 250
250 200
300 166
350 143
400 125
450 110

Pressure vs. Volume for a Fixed Amount of Gas at Constant Temperature

Volume (L)

Pressure (atm)

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Guide Questions:
1. What relationship between pressure and volume is being depicted in the graph?
A. inversely proportional C. directly proportional
B. laterally proportional B. perfectly proportional
2. Boyle's Law shows the relationship between which two factors of a gas?
A. volume and pressure C. temperature and pressure
B. pressure and temperature D. volume and mass
3. Inversely proportional means that as one value increases.....
A. the other stays the same C. the other increases as well
B. the other decreases D. the other goes to zero
4. Boyle's law shows the volume and pressure of a gas are always........
A. laterally proportional C. perfectly proportional
B. inversely proportional D. directly proportional
5. What does the graph about Boyle’s law tell us?
A. When volume increases, pressure decreases.
B. If the temperature increases, pressure decreases.
C. As the pressure decreases, temperature increases.
D. The volume increases so the mass increases.

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Performance Task
Make Your Own Boyle’s Law Experience
Directions: Make your own version of a Cartesian Diver using the Boyle’s Law
concepts and principles. Investigate the relationship between volume and pressure at
constant temperature of a gas.

Prepare the following materials that you can find at home such as a clear
plastic soda bottle and cap (not as big as 2-liter bottle), a ball point pen cap that does
not have holes in it, and some modelling clay)

Note: If the given materials are not available you can use any discarded materials in
your home such as paper clip, drinking straw or any buttons from used clothes and
assemble it according to its density (heavier at the bottom part). Use colorful materials
to make it more attractive.

Here’s what to do:

1. Get an empty plastic soda bottle.

2. Remove the labels from your bottle so that you can watch the action that might
happen.

3. Fill the bottle with water to the very top of the lid.

4. Put a small pea-size piece of modelling clay at the end of the point on the pen
cap.

5. Slowly place the pen cap into the bottle, modelling clay end first. (Some water
will spill out-that’s okay) it should just barely float. If it sinks take some clay
away. If it floats too much add more clay.

6. Now, screw the bottle cap nicely and tightly.

7. Now for the fun part, you can make the pen cap rise and fall at your command.
Squeeze the bottle hard – the pen cap sinks…stop squeezing and the pen cap
rises. With a little practice, you can even get it to stop right in the middle.

8. If it doesn’t work, play around with the amount of clay and be sure that the
bottle is filled up to the very top before putting on the cap. Enjoy while learning.

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Answer Key-Lesson 1: Boyle‘s Law: Pressure and Volume

Activity 1

𝐏𝟏𝐕𝟏
1. Answer: P2=
𝐕𝟐
(5 atm)(75 L)
=
30L
P2= 12.5 atm

𝟏𝐚𝐭𝐦
2. Answer A) 700 mmHg 𝒙 = 0.921 atm
𝟕𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝐇𝐠

𝐏𝟏𝐕𝟏 (𝟏.𝟓 𝐚𝐭𝐦)(𝟐𝟎 𝐋)

V2= = = 32.58L
𝐏𝟐 𝟎.𝟗𝟐𝟏 𝐚𝐭𝐦

𝐏𝟏𝐕𝟏 (𝟏.𝟓 𝐚𝐭𝐦)(𝟐𝟎 𝐋)

B) V2= = =15 L
𝐏𝟐 𝟐 𝐚𝐭𝐦

𝟏 𝐚𝐭𝐦
C) 105 kPa x = 1.04 atm
𝟏𝟎𝟏.𝟑𝟐𝟓 𝐤𝐏𝐚
𝐏𝟏𝐕𝟏 (𝟏.𝟓 𝐚𝐭𝐦)(𝟐𝟎 𝐋)
V2= = =28.85 L
𝐏𝟐 𝟏.𝟎𝟒 𝐚𝐭𝐦

Activity 2

Pressure Volume Pressure x Volume

(atm) (L)
1 12 1 x 12 = 12
2 6 2 x 6 =1 2
3 4 3 x 4 = 12
4 3 4 x 3 = 12
5 2.4 5 x 2.4 = 12
6 2 6 x 2 = 12

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Activity 1

Pressure-Volume Data

Pressure Volume Pressure x Volume

(kPa) (mL)
100 500 50,000
150 333 49,950
200 250 50,000
250 200 50,000
300 166 49,800
350 143 50,050
400 125 50,000
450 110 49,500

Pressure vs. Volume for a Fixed Amount of

Gas at Constant Temperature
600
500
Volume (mL)

400
300
200
100
0
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Pressure (kPa)

Guide Questions:
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. A

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Activity 2

How does it work?

Excellent, but how does it work? This experiment is all about Boyle’s Law, when
you squeeze the bottle, the air pressure increases as the air bubbles in the pen cap
compresses (get smaller) and that makes them denser than the water around them as
the volume decreases. When this happens, the pen cap sinks. When you stop
squeezing, the bubble gets bigger again, the water is forced out of the cap, and the
pen cap rises. Repeat it several times to satisfy your curiosity and enjoyment in that
activity.

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References

Espinosa, Allan A. et.al. (2015, pp. 276-282). Discover Science 10. Makati City: Diwa Learning
Systems Inc.
Department of Education. First Edition. (2015, pp. 366-377). Learner’s Material, Unit 4.
Philippines. Author.

Department of Education. First Edition. (2015, pp. 259-273). Teaching Guide. Philippines.
Author.

Department of Education. EASE Chemistry 9, Gas Laws. Philippines. Author.

Holt, Rinehart and Winston. (1996, pp. 368-374). Chemistry Visualizing Matter. Holt,
Rinehart and Winston, Inc.

Mendoza, Estrella Elona. (2003, pp. 213-218) Phoenix Science Series Chemistry: Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc.

Prepared by:

EDNALYN S. AGBUYA

Quality Assured:

MADILEN L. ESPIRITU PhD

NOIDA DG. CASTRO
FRANCIS C. MACALINAO
GAZEL V. CASTILLO PhD
LAVINIA CUETO

Reviewed by:
FELINA G. ILAGAN
NOIDA DG. CASTRO

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