Project Temperature Sensor Using Pid Controller: Linear Control Systems (Lab)

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Department Of Electrical
Engineering
LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS (LAB)
PROJECT
TEMPERATURE SENSOR USING
PID CONTROLLER
Group Members
ARKAM ALI 02-133182-067
AQEEL AHMED 02-133182-084
BEE-6B
Spring 2021
Submitted to:
SIR RAFAY PATHAN
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Table é Contents
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1. INTRODUCTION
The temperature of a process can be controlled by sensing the actual temperature,
calculating its deviation from the desired process temperature and applying a stimulus to
the process of the correct magnitude to achieve the desired temperature. This form of
control is known as feedback control and is equally applicable to the control of pressure,
flow or any measurable and controllable process parameter.
There are many factors which influence the design of a process control system. Firstly, we
need to be able to measure the process temperature or characteristic which we want to
control. The choice of sensor type is determined by the temperature at which it has to
work and the environment in which it will be working. Secondly, we must be able to
control the process. This must be achievable using a relay directly or controlling another
device such as a contractor, or with an analogue voltage or current. Thirdly, the controller
must be set up to apply the optimum amount of control to the process.
2. LADDER LOGIC DIAGRAM

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3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
PID (proportional–integral–derivative) controller maintains the output to the process
plant such that there is zero error e(t) between process variable y(t) and set point u(t) or
desired output by a closed loop or feedback loop mechanism.
Feedback signal y(t) from the process plant is compared with the set point or reference
signal u(t) and the corresponding difference or error signal e(t) is fed to the PID
algorithm. According to the P,I,D settings, the controller attempts to minimize the error
over time by adjustment of a control variable u(t) and hence produces combined and
controlled output which is applied to the plant control devices.
• Proportional control – Makes a correction term proportional to the error.
• Integral control – Makes a correction term that integrates the error with respect to
time.
• Derivative control – Makes a correction term that differentiates the error with
respect to time.
➢ Total Correction = Pe(t) + I∫e(t)dt + D de/dt , (where: e(t) is the error signal with
respect to P,I and D are constants). The combined operation of proportional, integral
and derivative controls helps the unit to automatically compensate for changes in
the system to which it is attached and provide accurate and stable control and is
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best used in systems which react quickly to changes added to the process variables
like pressure, speed, temperature, flow, etc.
4. SIMULATOR SNAPSHOTS
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5. RESULT DISCUSSION
When we set the target temperature at 8 constant, inputted the parameters and clicked
the run button, the system starts running. The temperature increased slowly. After a
while, the temperature reaches 8 . The result shows that when the yellow curve increased
to 8 , the system becomes stable and the temperature stopped increasing. Then we can
know the system will make timely adjustments. With the well-running program and the
results, we can control the temperature of target very well by using the PID controller.
6. CONCLUSION
In our project we design an efficient temperature sensor controlling system using PID
controller on Simulink. The output is verified by setting temperature at 8 and it was
found that the curve become stable after reaching 8 . There is much room for future
development that would enhance the system and increase its market value.
7. PROJECT SUMMARY
In this project we sensing the temperature to control it by using PID controller which
shows the response of temperature with respect to time through the graph that it become
stable after reaching its maximum range. We can sense and control different kind of
temperature with this project using PID controller. PID temperature controller work on
using a formula to calculate the difference between the desired temperature set point and
current process temperature, then predicts how much power to use in subsequent process
temperature, then predicts how much power to use in subsequent process cycles to ensure the
process temperature remains as close to the set point as possible by eliminating the impact.
8. References
https://youtu.be/0aISnkBu1k4

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LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS (LAB)

2. LADDER LOGIC DIAGRAM

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