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Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 1:
Illustrating Quartiles, Deciles,
and Percentiles
Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 1: Illustrating Quartiles, Deciles, and Percentiles
First Edition, 2021s

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Introductory Message
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 What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you are expected to illustrate the following
measures of position: quartiles, deciles, and percentiles. [M10SPIVa-1]

What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. If you wish to divide a class into 10 equal parts, which measure of position is
appropriate to use?
A. decile B. median C. percentile D. quartile

2. When a distribution is divided into 4 equal parts, each score point that describes
a distribution is called a _________.
A. decile B. median C. percentile D. quartile

3. Which of the following is in equal position with the median score?

A. 1st quartile B. 3rd quartile C. 5th decile D. 90th percentile

4. When a distribution is divided into 100 equal parts, each score point that describes
a distribution is called a
A. decile B. median C. percentile D. quartile

5. In a 50-item Statistics Test, Anna obtained a score of 42 which is considered as

the 8th decile. Which one from the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. Anna scored equal or above 80% of her classmates.
B. Anna’s score is below the 3rd quartile.
C. Twenty percent (20%) of her classmates scored higher or equal to 42.
D. If the passing mark is the 50th percentile, then she passed the test.

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 Lesson Illustrating Quartiles, Deciles, and
1 Percentiles

What’s In

Directions: On a sheet of paper, answer the following questions.

From the set of positive even numbers arranged in ascending order from 2 to 30,
1. What number is placed at the middle?
2. Which number is at the 6th position?
3. Which number is at the 10th position?
4. How many even numbers are less than or equal to the middle number?
5. What numbers belong to the lower 25% of the data?

What’s New

Have you ever thought of comparing your academic performance rank with
that of your classmates? Do you belong to the upper 10% in your class?

What is your position among the siblings in your family? 1 st? 2nd?3rd?

Were you able to take the National Career Assessment Examination (NCAE)
when you were in Grade 9? If yes, what was your score and rank?

How important are positions and rankings to you?

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 What is It

The situations above show measures of position. They are important tools in
Statistics that are vital in real life. They tell us where a particular data value falls
in the distribution compared to the data as a whole. This module will discuss
the most commonly used descriptive measures of position called fractiles.

A given data set can be divided into four, ten, and hundred parts of equal sizes
and the corresponding measures of positions are called quartiles, deciles, and
percentiles.

1. Quartile

A quartile divides a sorted data set into 4 equal parts, so that each part
represents ¼ or 25% of the data set. They are following: first quartile, second
quartile, and third quartile. They are denoted by Q 1, Q2, and Q3 respectively.

25% 25% 25% 25%

25% of all the data has a value ≤ Q1

Lower M Upper 50% of all the data has a value ≤ M or Q2
Quartile Median Quartile 75% of all the data has a value ≤ Q3
Q1 Q3 50% of all the data lies between Q1 and Q3
Q2

2. Decile

Deciles are the nine score points which divide a distribution into ten equal
parts. They are the following: first decile, second decile, third decile, and so on
and are denoted by D1, D2, D3,…D9.

10%

10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9

10% of all the data has a value ≤ D1 60% of all the data has a value ≤ D6
20% of all the data has a value ≤ D2 70% of all the data has a value ≤ D7
30% of all the data has a value ≤ D3 80% of all the data has a value ≤ D8
40% of all the data has a value ≤ D4 90% of all the data has a value ≤ D9
50% of all the data has a value ≤ D5

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 3. Percentile

Percentiles are the ninety-nine score points which divide a distribution into one
hundred equal parts, so that each part represents the data set. The first percentile,
second percentile, third percentile and so on up to the ninety-ninth percentile are
denoted by P1, P2, P3, … P97, P98, P99.

Example 1:

The scores of seven (7) randomly selected students in a 10-item Mathematics Quiz
are as follows:
3 4 5 7 8 9 10

𝑄1 𝑄2 𝑄3

Questions/Problems:
a. What is the lower quartile?
b. Determine the second quartile.
c. What is the upper quartile?
d. Calculate the interquartile range.

Answers: a. Q1 = 4. The lower quartile is 4.

This means that 25% of the students scored less than or equal to 4 in the
10-item Math Quiz

b. Q2 = 7. The second quartile is 7.

This implies that 50% of the students scored less than or equal to 7.

c. Q3 = 9. The upper quartile is 9.

This means that 75% of the students scored less than or equal to 9.
We can also say that 25% of the students scored greater than or equal to
9 in the 10-item Math Quiz.

d. The interquartile range is the difference between the upper and lower
quartile.

9 – 4 = 5. Therefore, the interquartile range is 5.

Example 2:

The amounts of profit (in Pesos) of nineteen (19) young entrepreneurs in their School Bazaar
Day in the morning are shown below.

23, 24, 27, 30, 32, 32, 32, 33, 36, 36, 42, 45, 51, 54, 55, 55, 56, 57, 60

𝐷1 𝐷2 𝐷3 𝐷4 𝐷5 𝐷6 𝐷7 𝐷8 𝐷9

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 Questions/Problems:
a. What is the 1st decile?
b. Find the 8th decile.
c. What is the middle number?
d. How many entrepreneurs are above the 6th decile?

Answers: a. 𝐷1 = 24. The first decile is 24.

This means that 10% of the entrepreneurs earned below or equal to P24
in their Bazaar Day.

b. 𝐷8 = 55. The eighth decile is 55.

This implies that 80% of the entrepreneurs earned below or equal to P55
in their Bazaar Day. Twenty percent (20%) earned above or equal to P55.

c. The middle number is the 5th decile. 𝐷5 = 36. The 5th decile is 36.

This means that 50% of the entrepreneurs earned below or equal to P36
in their Bazaar Day.

d. 𝐷6 = 45. The 6th decile is 45. The numbers above or greater than 45
are 51, 54, 55, 55, 56, 57, and 60. Hence, there are 7 entrepreneurs
above the 6th decile.

Example 3:

Nineteen (19) randomly selected family members in a certain Barangay are interviewed
for a research study. Their present ages are shown below.

13, 14, 15, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 22, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 27, 29, 30

𝑃10 𝑃20 𝑃25 𝑃30 𝑃40 𝑃50 𝑃60 𝑃70 𝑃75 𝑃80 𝑃90

Questions/Problems:
a. What is the 30th percentile?
b. Find the 90th percentile.
c. What age is at the middle?
d. How many family members are below 25% of the data?
e. How many family members are above 75% of the data?

Answers: a. 𝑃30 = 18. The 30th percentile is 18.

This means that 30% of the family members aged below or equal to
18 years.

b. 𝑃90 = 29. The 90th percentile is 29.

This implies that 90% of the family members aged below or equal to
29 years. We can also say that 10% of the family members aged above
or equal to 29 years.

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 c. The age at the middle is the 50th percentile. 𝑃50 = 22. The 50th
percentile is 22.

This means that 50% of the family members aged below or equal to
22 years.

d. 𝑃25 = 16. The numbers less than 16 are 15, 15, 14, and 13. Hence,
there are 4 family members below the 25th percentile.

e. 𝑃75 = 26. The numbers greater than 26 are 27, 27, 29, and 30.
Hence, there are 4 family members above the 75th percentile.

Example 4:

The data below are the distances travelled (in kilometers) by fifteen (15)
participants in a certain fund-raising marathon.

5 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 17

P25 D5 P75

Questions/Problems:
a. What is the 25th percentile?
b. Determine the 5th decile.
c. What is the 75th percentile?
d. Find the 50th percentile.

Answers: a. P25 = 7. The 25th percentile is 7.

This denotes that 25% of the participants travelled less than or equal to
7 kilometers. On the other hand, we can also say that 75% of the
participants travelled more than or equal to 7 km.

b. D5 = 11. The 5th decile is 11.

This implies that 50% of the participants travelled less than or equal to
11 kilometers.

c. P75 = 15. The 75th percentile is 15.

This means that 75% of the participants travelled less than or equal to
15 kilometers.

d. 𝑃50 = 11. The 50th percentile is 11.

The 50th percentile is the same as the 5th decile, 2nd quartile, or median.

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Example 5:

The scores of ten aspiring singing idols given by the judges are as follows:

88 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

Use the illustration below in answering the questions or problems.

88 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

𝑃25 𝐷4 𝑄2 𝑃75

Questions/Problems:
a. What is the 2nd quartile?
b. Find the 25th percentile.
c. What is the 75th percentile?
d. Determine the 4th decile.

Answers: a. The middle number is between 91 and 92. To find the number in
between, we need to get the average of 91 and 92. Therefore, 𝑄2
= 91.5. The second quartile is 91.5.

This means that 50% of the aspiring singing idols garnered scores less
than or equal to 91.5.

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b. The 25th percentile is or 0.75 away from 88 approaching 89.
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Hence, 𝑃25 = 88.75. The 25th percentile is 88.75.

This means that 25% of the aspiring singing idols garnered scores less
than or equal to 88.75.

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c. The 75th percentile is or 0.25 away from 94 approaching 95.
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Hence, 𝑃75 = 94.25. The 75th percentile is 94.25.

This means that 75% of the aspiring singing idols garnered scores less
than or equal to 94.25.

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d. The 4th decile is or .4 away from 90. 𝐷4 = 90.4. The 4th decile is
10
90.4.

This means that 40% of the aspiring singing idols garnered scores less
than or equal to 90.4.
There are instances where the values of quartiles, deciles, and percentiles are not
exact or whole numbers. Usually, this occurs when the total number of observations
is even.

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 What’s More

Directions: Study the illustration below and supply the missing fractile to make the
statement correct. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Q2 = P50 = ________

2. Q1 = _______

3. P75 = _______

4. P10 = _______

5. D9 = _______

Remember: The measures of position indicate the relative standing of a data value
when the data are sorted into numerical order, from least to greatest.
The corresponding percent of data values are less than or equal to
any measure of the location. This means that:

1. Low percentiles, quartiles, and deciles always correspond to lower

data values.
2. High percentiles, quartiles, and deciles always correspond to
higher data values.
3. The interpretation of whether a certain position is “good” or “bad”
depends upon the context of the situation.

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 What I Have Learned

A. Directions: Identify the term being described. Write your answers on a sheet of
paper.

1. These are values that divide a set of data into four equal parts.

2. These refer to score points which divide a distribution into one hundred equal
parts.

3. These are the nine values which divide a distribution into ten equal parts.

4. This refers to a point that divides a distribution into two equal parts. It is equal
to Q2, P50, and D5.

5. It is the term used to describe the difference between the upper and lower quartile
in a set of data.

B. Directions: Copy the given table on a sheet of paper. Put a check inside
the box on the level of understanding for each skill/competency using 3 – very
clear, 2 – clear and 1 – not clear. If you answered 1, please write the specific
topic which seems difficult to you in the third column. If you answered 2 or 3,
write none.

Level of Specific Least Learned

Skills/Competencies
Understanding Topics

1. illustrating quartiles
1 2 3

2. illustrating deciles
1 2 3

3. illustrating percentiles
1 2 3
4. applying the concept of
measures of position in real-
life situations 1 2 3
5. interpreting measures of
position 1 2 3

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 What I Can Do

Directions: Refer to the given situation below and find the value of the indicated
measure of position. Write your answers on a sheet of paper.

The owner of a milk tea shop recorded the number of customers who came into
his café each hour a day. The results were

2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 20, 21, 22

𝑃10 P25 D4 Q2 P75 D9

1. P25 = ________ 6. 𝑃10 = ________

2. Q2 = _________ 7. Upper Quartile = ________
3. D9 = _________ 8. Lower Quartile = _______
4. P75 = _________ 9. Interquartile range = ______
5. D4 = __________ 10. P40 = _______

Assessment

Directions: Read and analyze the given problems. Choose the letter of the best
answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is equal to the 7th decile in terms of position?

A. Q3 B. P70 C. P75 D. D5

2. If Q1 = 15 and Q3 = 23, then the interquartile range is

A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10

3. Which of the following is less than the 70th percentile in terms of position?
A. Median C. 8th decile
B. 7th decile D. Upper Quartile

4. If there are 10 numbers in a set of data, the 2 nd quartile is the

A. 3rd number C. 5th number
B. 4th number D. average of 5th and 6th number

5. If the passing score of a 100-item standardized test is 50 and considered as the

60th percentile, which one from the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. 60% of the examiners got a score lower than or equal to 50.
B. 40% of the examiners garnered a score of 50 and above.
C. Obtaining a score that is in the 5th decile means passing the test.
D. 40% of the examiners answered 50 or more questions correctly.

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What I Know What’s In What’s More
A 1. 16 1.
2. 12 2.
D 3. 20 3.
C 4. 8 4.
C 5. 2, 4, 6, 8 5.
B
What I Have Learned What I Can Do Assessment
quartiles 8 6. 3 B
14 7. 19 B
percentiles 21 8. 8 A
deciles 19 9. 11 D
median 12 10. 12 C
interquartile
Answer Key
References
Books

Melvin M. Callanta, et al. 2015. Mathematics – Grade 10 Learner’s Module.

Pasig City, Philippines 1600 REX Book Store. pages 355 – 360

Michael Lee, et al. 2014, Our World of Math (Developmental Math K-12,
Grade 10) pages 236 - 242

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