Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY
Jose L. Briones St.,Mandaue City

RESEARCH DESIGN and

SAMPLING
COMPILATION OF WEEK 1-2
for PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

SELF-LEARNING KIT
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 FOREWORD

The making of this Self-Learning Kit (SLK) is an answer to

the existing issues with regards to the continuity of learning
among students who are affected by the current health
problems. Teaching and learning delivery inside the classroom
is challenged by this time, however, through this Self-Learning
Kit (SLK), the students will be guided as they explore and
discover new knowledge by their own time and pace.

This Self-Learning Kit (SLK) provides simple but powerful

tools for helping students to understand the importance of
research in their daily life. The sharing of own experiences and
knowledge about their surroundings highlight this material.

This SLK consists of the 1st quarter specific content

standards, performance standards, learning competencies,
objectives and different tasks/activities which are
comprehensively studied upon, and heartily woven for the
purpose of learning.

Enjoy while learning.

"The more important reason is that the research itself provides an

important long-run perspective on the issues that we face on a
day-to-day basis. "
-Ben Bernanke

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 2nd Quarter Content Standard

The learner demonstrates understanding of…

1. the qualitative research designs

2. the description of sample

Learning Competencies

The learner…
1. chooses appropriate qualitative research
design
2. describes sampling procedure and sample

Objectives
At the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:
1. display fundamental knowledge of various
qualitative research designs and
2. differentiate the commonly used qualitative
research designs from each other.
3. differentiate the various methods of sampling and
4. formulate for choosing the participants of their
respective studies.

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 I. What happened?

Designing a Research

When you read the word “research design”, what

thoughts come to your mind? Yes. You are right! Before we
start a project, we have to make a plan. Research design
refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate
the different components of the study in a coherent and
logical way, thereby, ensuring you will effectively address
the research problem.

Try this…

TASK # 1
NAME: ________________________________ DATE: _____________
SECTION : ____________________________ WEEK #: ___________
TEACHER: ______________________________

Directions: Read the selection about the significance of interview. Then,

answer the guide questions that follow.
Interview as Parts of Daily Life
by Cesar A. Cisneros-Puebla, Robert Faux & Gunter Mey

Interviews have become a part of our daily lives. We read interviews

in the press; we see people interviewed on television; many of us know
of the “celebrity interview.” An interviewer asks the interviewee
questions—a question eliciting an answer (Gubrium & Holstein, 2002).
Unlike the interview of the “popular” media with its rigid question and
answer format, the interview in a qualitative research comes in many
guises, as can be seen in this issue. It goes beyond mere fact gathering
and attempts to construct meaning and interpretation in the context
of conversation (Kvale, 1996).
David Silverman (1997), seeing the widespread use and impact of
interviews on contemporary life, has suggested that we live in an
“interview society”. Among the conditions required by an interview
society, Silverman sees an informing subjectivity—the evolution of self
as an object of narration.
The interview gives individuals appropriate outlets through which
their experiences an thoughts can be shared with others in meaningful
interactions. Gubrium and Holstein (2002) rightly suggest that interviews
have prepared us “as both questioners and answerers to produce
readily the society of which we are a part.

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Source:https://www.qualitativeresearch.net/index.php/fqs/article/view
/547/1180

GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. According to the selection, how do the interviews in “popular” media
differ from those qualitative research?
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

2. How can you describe the contemporary form of interview?

_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

3. Have interviews really changed the society (at least in the relevant
aspects of life)? Why or why not?
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

4. What do you think is the utmost importance of interview in a

qualitative research?
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

II. What I need to know?

COMMON RESEARCH DESIGNS

a. Phenomenological Design- focuses on obtaining descriptions of the
subjects or respondents lived experiences.
b. Historical Design- focuses on the identification, location,
evaluation, and synthesis of evidence from the past to confirm or
reject a hypothesis.
c. Case Study Design- a comprehensive, in-depth examination of a
specific individual, group of people, or institution.
d. Grounded Theory Design- a systematic research approach in which
rigorous procedures are used to collect and analyse data, as well as
formulate theory on the matter of hand.
e. Action Research Design- involves a cycle of identifying a problem
regarding a situation, developing a strategy for the action.

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 Planning the Research Design

Establishing the Methodological Methodological

Purpose Location Location

Thinking Ahead Nature of the

Data

TASK # 2
NAME: ________________________________ DATE: _________
SECTION : ____________________________ WEEK #: ________
TEACHER: ______________________________

Directions: Select the correct answer from the choices in the box and
write it on the spaces provided.

Phenomenology internal criticism bracketing

Meta-analysis historical grounded theory
Case study primary sources oral reports
External criticism action research deductive
Inductive secondary qualitative

__________1. The basis of data in historical study

__________2. Setting aside one’s feelings and/or experiences and seeing
the experiences of the participants through their eyes
__________3. The type of paper, watermarks, and ink of documents are
analyzed.
__________4. Examples of these are recorded interviews, minutes of
meeting, autobiographs.
__________5. Collection of rich data which gives birth to a theory.
__________6. This design examines and compares several similar
individual studies to develop a new more comprehensive
understanding of the research problem.
__________7. A theory is formulated first before data is collected.
__________8. This design examines human experiences.
__________9. Ensuring the content of a document is reliable.
__________10. An in-depth examination of UNICEF.

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B. Make your own proposed study and answer the following questions
based from the learning content of this modules.

Proposed Study: ______________________________

1. Based on what you have learned, which research design is most

applicable to your research project? Explain and why is it so. If you would
like to use a design not listed in this chapter, please indicate so.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________

What is research sampling?

Sampling lets researchers save money by encouraging

them to get the same responses from a survey as they will
from the whole population. It is used to determine how much
data should be collected and how often it should be
collected.

TASK # 3
NAME: ________________________________ DATE: _________
SECTION : ____________________________ WEEK #: ________
TEACHER: ______________________________

Pretend that you are cooking a meal for your family. You are
preparing your specialty dishes—pork adobo and sinigang na bangus—
and, of course, steamed white rice to complete the meal. You are
almost finished, nut you want to check if everything tastes good and has
been cooked just the way your family likes it. What will you do?

https://www.google.com/search?q=pork+adobo&source

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https://www.google.com/search?q=sinigang+na+bangus

1. Of course, you do not need to eat everything to find out how the
dishes taste. But how much do you need to eat to find out whether or
not the dishes are as desired?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________

2. The rice and even the adobo are more or less homogenous. What
about the sinigang and its multiple ingredients? How do you check if it is
well done and tasty?
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

3. How do you think this activity is related to research?

_____________________________________________________________________

I. What I need to know?

Sampling is a process through which a researcher selects a portion

or segment from the population at the center of the researcher’s study.

Words to remember in Research Sampling:

a. Population- is a group of persons or objects that possess some
common characteristics that interests the researcher.
• 2 Groups of Population: target and accessible population
b. Subjects- are individuals or entities which serve as the focus of the
study.
c. Respondents- individuals or groups of people who actively serve
as the sources of information.
• Subjects and respondents may also be referred to as elements
d. Statistic- is a number describing a property of a sample
e. Parameter- a number describing a property of a population.

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 Factors to Consider in Determining the Sample Size

1. Homogeneity of the population. The higher the degree of

homogeneity of the population, the smaller the sample size that
can be utilized.

2. Degree of precision desired by the researcher. The larger the

sample size,the higher the precision or accuracy of the results will
be.

3. Types of Sampling Procedure. Probability sampling uses smaller

sample sizes than non-probability sampling.

TYPES AND SUBTYPES OF SAMPLING

1. Probability Sampling. All the members of an entire

population have a chance of being selected.
a. Simple random sampling- a method of choosing samples in
which all the members of the population are given an equal
chance of being selected.
b. Stratified random sampling- the population is first divided into
different strata, and then the sampling follows.
c. Cluster sampling- population is geographically spread out.
d. Systematic sampling- a method of selectinng every nth
element of a population.

2. Non-probability sampling. A process of selecting

respondents in which not all members of the entire
population are given a chance of being selected as
samples.
a. Convenience sampling- also called accidental or incidental
sampling
b. Quota sampling- somewhat similar to stratified sampling, in
that the population is divided into strata, and the researcher
deliberately sets specific proportions in the sample.
c. Purposive sampling- involves handpicking subjects, usually to
suit very specific intentions.

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 TASK # 4
NAME: ________________________________ DATE: _________
SECTION : ____________________________ WEEK #: ________
TEACHER: _________________________________

Test I.Directions: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of the
correct answer corresponding to the statements on the blank before
each number.

A B

_____1. A group of entrepreneurs is asked a. statistics

to fill out a survey
_____2. A sampling method where all member b. subjects
of the population are given equal chances
to be included in the sample
_____3. The mean age of the population is 35 c. respondents
_____4. The respondents had, on average, d. probability
spent Php 2, 000 on clothes in the last
month
_____5. Individuals who are the focus of the e. quota
study, but do not serve as data sources
_____6. This number of elements generally
forms an adequate sample. f. systematic
_____7. A sampling method which uses every g. simple random
nth element of the population
_____8. Every person who enters the gate h. parameter
is included in the sample
_____9. Names that are put into a bowl, and i. 30
the researcher draws them at random to
generate a sample
_____10. The researcher made sure to include j. convenience
15 honor students in his sample of 100 students

Test II.Directions Answer the following questions.

1. What is the importance of describing the participants of the study in
a research
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2. Why does the sample need to be representative of the population?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Why do researchers draw samples instead of examining entire
populations?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

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 TASK # 5
NAME: ________________________________ DATE: _________
SECTION : ____________________________ WEEK #: ________
TEACHER: _________________________________

Directions: Read the statement carefully and identify what sampling

procedure is described in each item. Write the letter of your answer on
your answer sheet.

1. It is the most common sampling strategy in qualitative research. In

this type of sampling, participants are selected or sought based
on pre-selected criteria based on the research question.
a. Quota
b. Purposive
c. Snowball
d. Random

2. It is also known as chain referral sampling. In this method, the

participants refer the researcher to others who may be able to
potentially contribute or participate in the study. This method
often helps researchers find and recruit participants that may
otherwise be hard to reach.
a. Quota
b. Purposive
c. Snowball
d. Random

3. It is a sampling technique whereby participant quotas are preset

prior to sampling. Typically, the researcher is attempting to gather
data from a certain number of participants that meet certain
characteristics that may include things such as age, sex, class.
a. Quota
b. Purposive
c. Snowball
d. Random

4. It means choosing from a large population the respondents or

subjects to answer your research questions.
A. Sampling
B. Population
C. Sample
D. Sampling Frame

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 5. The researchers chose the 20 Grade 11 students of Manatad
National High School as participants of the study. The chosen set
of people is considered as__________.
A. Sampling
B. Population
C. Sample
D. Sampling Frame

6. Taking every 10th person in the sampling frame as the chosen

respondent is an example of what type of Probability sampling?
A. simple-random sampling C. stratified sampling
B. Systematic sampling D. cluster sampling

7. Putting all the names of population members in a box and draw

from the box the total number of the sample.
A. simple-random sampling C. stratified sampling
B. Systematic sampling D. cluster sampling

8. This type of non-probability sampling allows the researcher to select

samples from several alternative samples like, drug dependents,
human traffickers, street children and others.
A. Snowball sampling C. Purposive sampling
B. Availability sampling D. Quota sampling

9. Selecting respondents that are easy to find or locate.

A. Snowball sampling C. Purposive sampling
B. Availability sampling D. Quota sampling

10. What represents a population?

a. Confidence level
b. Sample Mean
c. Frequency
d. Sample size

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 References:

1. Cisneros-Puebla, C., et al. “Interview as Parts of Daily Life”

Date accessed:
https://www.qualitative-
research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/547/1180

2. Images. https://www.google.com/search?q=pork+adobo&source
https://www.google.com/search?q=sinigang+na+bangus

3. Cristobal Jr., A.P., et al. “Practical Research for Senior High School 1”
C&E Publishing, Inc.
Date Accessed: Year 2017

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
REGION VII

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY

NIMFA D. BONGO EdD, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

ESTELA B. SUSVILLA PhD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

JAIME P. RUELAN EdD

Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

ISMAELITA DESABILLE EdD

Education Program Supervisor- (LRMDS)

MERCEDITA M. DEMORAL DevEd

Education Program Supervisor- (English)

INGRID C. ESTAY
ROCHIE M. MONTES
Writer/Illustrator/Artist

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In today’s digital world, one has to think the important role of research in
every individual’s daily experiences. Research skills are the very
foundation in exploring and discovering knowledge. Research activities
help students to learn, to reflect what they are learning and to apply these
knowledge and understanding to their day-to-day lives.

Understanding and applying the essential competencies in Practical

Research 1 will prepare you to become a productive individual not only to
your family and community but to the country as well.

As you continue pursuing your dreams in college or landing a career after

graduation, the competencies that you have mastered now will lead you to
a better future.

Thus, the conceptualization of this self-learning kit suits to this pandemic

time, when the world has stopped, learning has to continue and move
forward because education never stops.

Learning Resource Management and Development Center (LRMDC)

Curriculum Implementation Division
Division of Mandaue city