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    Theater: Drama: Greek Theatre: From The 6th Century BC

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    Mika Saldaña
    1) The origins of Greek theatre lie in religious festivals honoring Dionysus, the god of wine and fertility. His followers would dance and enact myths, which became more structured over time. 2) In the 6th century BC, a man named Thespis engaged in dialogue with the chorus, becoming the first actor and giving rise to theatre. Major theatrical festivals were then established in Athens. 3) The great Greek tragedians like Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides wrote masterful tragedies that are still performed today during this period in the 5th century BC. They advanced the form by adding more actors and complex plots.

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    Theater: Drama: Greek Theatre: From The 6th Century BC

    Uploaded by

    Mika Saldaña
    7 views3 pages
    1) The origins of Greek theatre lie in religious festivals honoring Dionysus, the god of wine and fertility. His followers would dance and enact myths, which became more structured over time. 2) In the 6th century BC, a man named Thespis engaged in dialogue with the chorus, becoming the first actor and giving rise to theatre. Major theatrical festivals were then established in Athens. 3) The great Greek tragedians like Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides wrote masterful tragedies that are still performed today during this period in the 5th century BC. They advanced the form by adding more actors and complex plots.

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    ARTAPP THEATER

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    1) The origins of Greek theatre lie in religious festivals honoring Dionysus, the god of wine and fertility. His followers would dance and enact myths, which became more structured over time. 2) In the 6th century BC, a man named Thespis engaged in dialogue with the chorus, becoming the first actor and giving rise to theatre. Major theatrical festivals were then established in Athens. 3) The great Greek tragedians like Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides wrote masterful tragedies that are still performed today during this period in the 5th century BC. They advanced the form by adding more actors and complex plots.

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    7 views3 pages

    Theater: Drama: Greek Theatre: From The 6th Century BC

    Uploaded by

    Mika Saldaña
    1) The origins of Greek theatre lie in religious festivals honoring Dionysus, the god of wine and fertility. His followers would dance and enact myths, which became more structured over time. 2) In the 6th century BC, a man named Thespis engaged in dialogue with the chorus, becoming the first actor and giving rise to theatre. Major theatrical festivals were then established in Athens. 3) The great Greek tragedians like Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides wrote masterful tragedies that are still performed today during this period in the 5th century BC. They advanced the form by adding more actors and complex plots.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    THEATER: DRAMA

    Greek theatre: from the 6th century BC


    The origins of Greek theatre lie in the revels of the followers of Dionysus, a god of fertility and wine. In
    keeping with the god's special interests, his cult ceremonies are exciting occasions. His female devotees,
    in particular, dance themselves into a state of frenzy. Carrying long phallic symbols, known as thyrsoi,
    they tear to pieces and devour the raw flesh of sacrificial animals.

    But the Dionysians also develop a more structured form of drama. They dance and sing, in choral form,
    the stories of Greek myth.

    In the 6th century BC a priest of Dionysus, by the name of Thespis, introduces a new element which can
    validly be seen as the birth of theatre. He engages in a dialogue with the chorus. He becomes, in effect,
    the first actor. Actors in the west, ever since, have been proud to call themselves Thespians.

    According to a Greek chronicle of the 3rd century BC, Thespis is also the first winner of a theatrical
    award. He takes the prize in the first competition for tragedy, held in Athens in 534 BC.

    Theatrical contests become a regular feature of the annual festival in honour of Dionysus, held over four
    days each spring and known as the City Dionysia. Four authors are chosen to compete. Each must write
    three tragedies and one satyr play (a lascivious farce, featuring the sexually rampant satyrs, half-man
    and half-animal, who form the retinue of Dionysus).

    The performance of the plays by each author takes a full day, in front of a large number of citizens in
    holiday mood, seated on the slope of an Athenian hillside. The main feature of the stage is a circular
    space on which the chorus dance and sing. Behind it a temporary wooden structure makes possible a
    suggestion of scenery. At the end of the festival a winner is chosen.

    The Greek tragedians: 5th century BC


    Only a small number of tragedies survive as full texts from the annual competitions in Athens, but they
    include work by three dramatists of genius. The earliest is the heavyweight of the trio, Aeschylus.

    Aeschylus adds a second actor, increasing the potential for drama. He first wins the prize for tragedy in
    484 BC. He is known to have written about eighty plays, of which only seven survive. One of his
    innovations is to write the day's three tragedies on a single theme, as a trilogy. By good fortune three of
    his seven plays are one such trilogy, which remains one of the theatre's great masterpieces - the
    Oresteia, celebrating the achievement of Athens in replacing the chaos of earlier times with the rule of
    law.

    Sophocles gains his first victory in 468 BC, defeating Aeschylus. He is credited with adding a third actor,
    further extending the dramatic possibilities of a scene. Whereas Aeschylus tends to deal with great
    public themes, the tragic dilemmas in Sophocles are worked out at a more personal level. Plots become
    more complex, characterization more subtle, and the personal interaction between characters more
    central to the drama.

    Although Sophocles in a very long life writes more plays than Aeschylus (perhaps about 120), again only
    seven survive intact. Of these Oedipus the King is generally considered to be his masterpiece.

    A good example is The Frogs, a literary satire at the expense of Euripides. After the death of the great
    man, Dionysus goes down to Hades to bring back his favourite tragedian. A competition held down there
    enables Aristophanes to parody the style of Euripides. As a result Dionysus comes back to earth with
    Aeschylus instead.

    In The Wasps the Athenian love of litigation is ridiculed in the form of an old man who sets up a law
    court in his home, to try his dog for stealing cheese. In Lysistrata the horrors of war are discussed in a
    circumstance of extreme social crisis; the women of Greece refuse to make love until their men agree to
    make peace.

    The Greek theatre: 4th century BC


    An exclusively Greek contribution to architectural history is the raked auditorium for watching theatrical
    performances (appropriately, since the Greeks are also the inventors of theatre as a literary form).

    The masterpieces of Greek drama date from the 5th century BC. At that time, in Athens, the audience sit
    on the bare hillside to watch performances on a temporary wooden stage. In the 4th century a stone
    auditorium is built on the site, and there is still a theatre there today - the theatre of Dionysus. However
    this is a Roman reconstruction from the time of Nero. By then the shape of the stage is a semi-circle.

    In the first Greek theatres the stage is a full circle, in keeping with the circular dance - the choros - from
    which the theatrical performance has evolved. This stage is called the orchestra (orchester, a dancer),
    because it is the place where the chorus sing and dance.

    Epidaurus, built in about 340 BC, provides the best example of a classical Greek theatre. In the centre of
    the orchestra is the stone base on which an altar stood, reflecting the religious aspect of theatre in
    Greece. The rising tiers of seats, separated by aisles, provide the pattern for the closest part of the
    auditorium to the stage in nearly all subsequent theatres - where these seats are still sometimes called
    the orchestra stalls.

    Roman comedy: 3rd - 2nd century BC


    In most cultural matters Rome is greatly influenced by Greece, and this is particularly true of theatre.
    Two Roman writers of comedy, Plautus and Terence, achieve lasting fame in the decades before and
    after 200 BC - Plautus for a robust form of entertainment close to farce, Terence for a more subtle
    comedy of manners. But neither writer invents a single plot. All are borrowed from Greek drama, and
    every play of Terence's is set in Athens.

    The misfortune of Plautus and Terence is that their audience is very much less attentive than in Athens.
    And the reason is that Roman plays are presented as part of a broader event, the Roman games.

    ROMEO AND JULIET


    Shakespeare wrote prior to 1599 that is classified as a tragedy.

    A play cannot be played without a stage. With this miniature, the students decided to put a specific play
    and scene for the sake of making the stage looks real. The students picked Romeo and Juliet among
    other theater plays for it was the most well – known play to the people in the past, as well in the
    present. The Romeo and Juliet was written by Willian Shakespeare and first published in 1597, which
    was unauthorized incomplete edition. In the second Quarto, it was published in 1599 by Thomas Creed
    using the ‘The Most Excellent and Lamentable Tragedie, of Romeo and Juliet’ and it was authorized.

    In William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, a long feud between the Montague and Capulet families
    disrupts the city of Verona and causes tragic results for Romeo and Juliet. Revenge, love, and a secret
    marriage force the young star-crossed lovers to grow up quickly — and fate causes them to commit
    suicide in despair. Contrast and conflict are running themes throughout Shakespeare's play, Romeo and
    Juliet — one of the Bard's most popular romantic tragedies.

    The three most important aspects of Romeo and Juliet:

     The first half of Romeo and Juliet, with its bawdy jokes, masked ball, and love poetry, is more
    like a Shakespearean comedy than a tragedy. Only after Tybalt kills Mercutio near the play's
    midpoint do things become tragic.
     Near the start of Romeo and Juliet's famous balcony scene, Juliet asks "Wherefore art thou
    Romeo?" Because the word "wherefore" means "why," Juliet is wondering why the boy she
    loves is called what he's called — not where he is, as many readers believe.
     Juliet is a mere 13 years old, and Romeo is not much older.

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