GramTime 3 INT Cover.

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It’s Grammar Time 3

It’s Grammar Time is a series of four grammar books in full
colour. Designed for learners of English at beginner to
intermediate level, they systematically present, provide
practice of and revise English grammar structures. The
series can be used to supplement any main coursebook and
is suitable both for self-study and classroom use.

Key Features
• clear, simple situational presentation of grammar

Virginia Evans - Jenny Dooley

structures through pictures and jokes
• attractive photographs and illustrations
• comprehensive theory boxes with examples
• a variety of graded exercises where students practise
grammar structures taught in context
• speaking and writing activities at the end of each unit
aiming to activate grammar sturctures taught in context
• regular revision units
• further practice material
• regular Exploring Grammar sections

Components
Student’s Book
B1
Teacher’s Book
Test Booklet
Test Booklet CD-ROM

ISBN 978-1-4715-3808-7
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Starter Prepositions of place/movement/ Unit 10 Future tenses ................................ p. 82

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time – Quantifiers – Question
Unit 11 Conditionals ................................. p. 86
words – Pronouns/Possessives –
The verbs ‘to be’, ‘have got’, ‘can’ ... p. 4 Unit 12 Wishes .......................................... p. 92
Unit 1 Present simple vs Present Exploring Grammar v (Units 10-12) ..... p. 94
continuous – Adverbs of frequency – Revision (Units 1-12) ............................... p. 95
Stative verbs ................................. p. 16
Phrasal verbs v – Prepositions v .......... p. 96
Unit 2 Relatives ....................................... p. 22
Unit 3 Adjectives – Adverbs – Unit 13 The passive ................................... p. 98
Comparisons ................................. p. 26
Unit 14 Reflexive – Emphatic pronouns ..... p.102
Exploring Grammar i (Starter – Unit 3) p. 34
Unit 15 The causative ................................ p.104
Revision (Starter – Unit 3) ...................... p. 35
Exploring Grammar vi (Units 13-15) .... p.106
Phrasal verbs i – Prepositions i ............. p. 36
Revision (Units 1-15) ............................... p.107
Phrasal verbs vi – Prepositions vi ........ p.108
Unit 4 Past simple vs Past continuous –
used to/would .............................. p. 38
Unit 16 Modal verbs .................................. p.110
Unit 5 Subject/Object questions .............. p. 45
Unit 17 Nouns/Plurals – Countable/
Exploring Grammar ii (Units 4-5) .......... p. 46
Uncountable/Plural/Group Nouns ... p.118
Revision (Units 1-5) ................................. p. 47
Unit 18 some/any/no/every & compounds .... p.122
Phrasal verbs ii – Prepositions ii .......... p. 48
Unit 19 a/an – the – one/ones .................... p.125
Exploring Grammar vii (Units 16-19) ... p.130
Unit 6 Present perfect – Present perfect vs
Past simple – Present perfect Revision (Units 1-19) ............................... p.131
continuous – Present perfect simple Phrasal verbs vii – Prepositions vii ...... p.132
vs Present perfect continuous ....... p. 50
Unit 7 Clauses of result ........................... p. 59 Unit 20 Reported speech............................ p.134
Exploring Grammar iii (Units 6-7) ......... p. 60 Unit 21 Clauses of purpose – Clauses of
Revision (Units 1-7) ................................. p. 61 reason – Clauses of concession ...... p.142

Phrasal verbs iii – Prepositions iii ........ p. 62 Unit 22 Question tags ............................... p.146
Exploring Grammar viii (Units 20-22) .. p.148
Unit 8 Past perfect – Past perfect Revision (Units 1-22) ............................... p.149
continuous – Past perfect vs
Phrasal verbs viii – Prepositions viii .... p.150
Past perfect continuous ................ p. 64
Unit 9 The infinitive – The -ing form –
Further practice material
Verbs with both -ing and infinitive
– too - enough .............................. p. 70 Revision of tenses ....................................... p.154

Exploring Grammar iv (Units 8-9) ......... p. 78 Multiple choice questions ........................... p.156

Revision (Units 1-9) ................................. p. 79 Sentence transformations ........................... p.158

Phrasal verbs iv – Prepositions iv ........ p. 80

Irregular verbs

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Past perfect

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Had you been to Paris

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before you visited your
sister there last month?

Megan was so

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happy last week.
She had passed
all her exams.

No, I hadn’t been to Paris

before, but I had visited
Toulouse in the south of France.
Past perfect Form
I/You/He/She/It/We/They noun/personal pronoun + had + past participle
AFFIRMATIVE
had left. • We form the past perfect with ‘had’ and the past
I/You/He/She/It/We/They participle of the main verb.
NEGATIVE
hadn’t left. Mike had studied Law before he became a news presenter.
Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they • We form questions by putting ‘had’ before the
INTERROGATIVE
left? subject. Had Ellen cleaned the house?
Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/they • We form negations by putting not after ‘had’.
had. She had not/hadn’t finished cooking.
SHORT ANSWERS
No, I/you/he/she/it/we/they • To form short answers we use Yes/No + subject +
hadn’t. had/hadn’t. Had he spoken to the victim before? Yes,
he had./No, he hadn’t.
Use
We use the past perfect for: Compare: He was angry because someone had broken
• an action which happened before another past his window. (The action had broken happened in the
action, or before a stated time in the past. past. The result was angry was visible in the past.)
They had booked the tickets a month before they He is angry because someone has broken his window.
went to the concert. (The action has broken has just finished. The result is
angry is still visible in the present.)
• an action which finished in the past, and whose
result was visible in the past. She was pleased
Time words/phrases we use with the past perfect:
because the police had found her stolen car.
before, after, already, just, for, since, till/until, when,
Note: The past perfect is the past equivalent of the
present perfect.
by the time, never, etc.

1 Look at the pictures on page 64 and the examples. Identify in which tense the verbs in bold are.
How do we form the affirmative, interrogative and negative of this tense? Which of the uses of
this tense does each verb show?

2 Complete column B using the past perfect. Then match column A to column B to form sentences.

A B
a he had spoken (speak) on the phone to his boss.
1 a Max checked his emails as soon as
b it ........................ (stop) raining.
2 Charlie asked for directions because
c her friend ........................ (give) her concert
3 Becky was pleased because
tickets for her birthday.
4 When the professor entered the room,
d everyone ........................ (eat) their dinner.
5 By the time I arrived home,
e he .................. (forget) the way to the restaurant.
6 I went to the shops after
f we ........................ (already/open) our books.

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Past perfect

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3 Complete the sentences using the past 6 Join the sentences using the words in

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perfect. brackets.
1 After we had tidied (tidy) the house, we 1 Mr Peters opened his shop. Then, the first

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vacuumed the carpets. customer came in. (just … when)
2 .......................................................... (the Mr Peters had just opened his shop when
shoplifter/run away) by the time the police the first customer came in.
officer arrived? 2 We heard about the robbery. Then, it
3 Mel ....................................... (not/do) the appeared in the newspapers. (already …
washing-up before her guests arrived. by the time) ............................................
4 I realised someone ......................... (steal) ................................................................
my wallet when I got home. 3 Ryan wrote several short stories. Then, he
5 Julie was hungry because she ................... published his first novel. (before)
(not/eat) breakfast. ................................................................
................................................................
4 Complete the sentences. Use the past 4 Sharon went to the library. Then, she called
perfect and the words in bold. me to pick her up. (after)
1 she/miss/bus ................................................................
................................................................
Annie was late for a meeting at work as she
had missed the bus. 5 It started to rain. Then, I left college. (by
the time) .................................................
2 she/lose/her mobile phone
................................................................
She couldn’t call her boss because ..........
.............................................................. . 6 I had dinner. Then, Jason got home.
(already … when) ...................................
3 the meeting/already/start
................................................................
By the time she arrived at her office, .........
.............................................................. . Speaking
4 she/interrupt/her project manager’s
A fire destroyed the old library and the
presentation
mayor decided to rebuild it. Look at the
Annie felt embarrassed because ...............
.............................................................. .
picture and the ideas given. Discuss in
pairs what the builders had already done
5 after/the meeting/finish
and what they hadn’t done yet when the
She apologised to her boss ......................
.............................................................. . mayor visited yesterday.
• build/walls • tile/roof • install/windows
5 Use after and the past perfect to make a • hang up/sign • fit/door • fix/fence
new sentence.

1 I made lunch. I watched the news.

After I had made lunch, I watched the news.
2 Amanda packed her suitcase. She read a
travel guide on India.
................................................................
................................................................
3 John parked his car. He called his friend.
................................................................
................................................................
4 Helen did her shopping. She went home.
................................................................
................................................................
5 Roger and Sue completed their project.
They had a cup of coffee. A: The mayor saw that the builders had built
................................................................ the walls.
................................................................ B: Yes, but they hadn’t tiled the roof.
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Past perfect continuous

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How long had you been standing
in the queue before you finally

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bought the ticket for the concert?

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Well, I hadn’t been
waiting for long, but
the tickets were

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nearly sold out.
Steve was tired
because he had
been working for
hours.

Past perfect continuous Form

I/You/He/She/It/We/They Form: noun/personal pronoun + had been + verb -ing
AFFIRMATIVE
had been sleeping. • We form the past perfect continuous with ‘had been’
I/You/He/She/It/We/They and the main verb with the -ing suffix. The police had
NEGATIVE had not/hadn’t been been questioning the suspect for hours before she confessed.
sleeping. • We form negations by putting not after ‘had’. She
Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they had not/hadn’t been using her iPod for long when the
INTERROGATIVE
been sleeping? screen went blank.
Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/they • We form questions by putting ‘had’ before the
had. subject. Had you been shopping for hours?
SHORT ANSWERS
No, I/you/he/she/it/we/they • We form short answers for the past perfect
hadn’t. continuous in the same way as for the past perfect.
Had he been working on the project all night? Yes, he
had./No, he hadn’t.
Use
We use the past perfect continuous: Compare: His clothes were dirty because he had been
• to put emphasis on the duration of an action which working in the garden for hours. (The action had been
started and finished in the past before another working happened in the past. The result were dirty
action or a stated time in the past, usually with for was visible in the past.)
and since. They had been searching the forest for His clothes are dirty because he has been working in the
garden for hours. (The action has been working finished
hours before they found their dog.
in the present. The result are dirty is still visible in the
• for an action which lasted for some time in the
present.)
past, and whose result was visible in the past.
She was tired because she had been decorating the
house for hours. Time words/phrases we use with the past perfect
Note: The past perfect continuous is the past equivalent continuous: for, since, how long, before, until etc.
of the present perfect continuous.

8 Look at the pictures and the examples. Identify in which tense the verbs in bold are. How do we
form the affirmative, interrogative and negative of this tense? Which of the uses of this tense
does each verb show?

9 Match the two columns to create sentences.

1 a They had been standing outside the theatre for three hours a when the actor arrived.
2 She had been looking for proof for years b before you became a lawyer?
3 How long had you been studying c so he needed a rest.
4 We had been sitting in the restaurant for an hour d before the waiter served us.
5 He had been hiking all day e before she found it.

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Past perfect continuous

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10 The pictures were taken yesterday. Look at 12 Form complete sentences. Use the past

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them and fill in the gaps with a verb from perfect continuous and the relevant time
the list below in the past perfect continuous. expression.

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• play • style • lift • wait • sunbathe • revise 1 Ben wanted a drink because he had been
walking for hours (walk/hours) in the hot
sun.
1 Greg’s clothes were dirty.
2 .....................................................................
He had been playing rugby
(you/sleep/for long) when the smoke alarm
all afternoon.
woke you up?
3 Shelley needed a break because she .........
......................................... (study/all day)
2 Emma was sunburnt. She at the library.
.................................... 4 Our coach ................................................
on the beach all day. (talk to us/an hour) before the game finally
started.
5 Brenda .......................................................
3 They were bored. They (not/jog/a long time) in the park when she
.................................... saw a lost puppy crying behind a bush.
in the queue for ages.
6 I ...............................................................
(shop/9 o’clock) this morning before I
finally found the perfect present for my
4 Tom’s shoulders hurt. He friend.
.................................... 7 Alina ........................................................
weights at the gym all day. (garden/early in the morning) before she
finally had some rest.

5 Pam was tired. She

.................................... 13 Complete the dialogue using the past
for 12 hours. perfect continuous.

A: Did you hear? The police found Dr Meyers’

6 Moira’s hair looked lovely.
stolen Ferrari yesterday.
She ................................
B: The local newspapers 1) had been reporting
it for hours.
(report) that story all week. I bet the police
were pleased to finally solve the case.
A: Yes, they 2) ................................. (search)
11 Complete the sentences using the past for the thief all over town. They 3) ……………
perfect continuous. .....................… (ask) questions all week, but
nobody had seen anything.
1 Sarah had a headache because she had B: How did they find the car then?
been studying (study) all morning. A: Well, a police officer who 4) …....................…
2 Joe .................................. (work) as a …...........…… (walk) around the Whitechapel
scientist for ten years before he became a area all morning saw Dr Meyers’ Ferrari
teacher. parked in a woman’s garage!
3 They .................................. (not/drive) for B: Really? How long 5) …….................…………
long when they stopped for lunch. (he/look) for it?
4 I ............................................... (practise) A: Actually, he 6) ………........................………
the piano for half an hour when my flatmate (not/work) on the case for long, only for two
came home. days, but he had seen photos of the missing
car at the station. He recognised it
5 ................................ (she/write) poetry for immediately and called the officer in charge.
a long time before she published her book? Now Dr Meyers has got his car back and the
6 The new firefighters .................................. thief is under arrest.
(train) all day, so they were exhausted.
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Past perfect vs Past perfect continuous

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14 Underline the correct item. 16 Put the verbs in brackets into the past

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perfect or the past perfect continuous.
1 Linda had already prepared/had already
been preparing her presentation when 1 A: Why did Doug come home late last

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they cancelled the meeting. night?
2 Tim was excited yesterday because he had B: He had been working (work) out of town
been booking/had booked a holiday to all day.
New Zealand. 2 A: The play was really good!
3 How long had you waited/had you been B: Yes, they .............................................
waiting when Suzanna finally arrived? (rehearse) it for three months before it
4 They had been planning/had planned the opened.
wedding for eight months before they got 3 A: Did you ever meet Simon Oliver?
married.
B: No, he .................................. (already/
5 Marie had been cooking/had cooked for move) to Canada by the time I started at
five hours before the meal was ready. Sterling College.
6 By the time we got to the bus stop, the 4 A: How long ............................................
bus had been leaving/had left. (speak) to the receptionist before you
7 Maria was upset because her friend had realised it was Denise?
lost/had been losing her favourite CD. B: For about two minutes.
8 Peter had been training/had trained 5 A: Why did Mrs Dove call you?
since 8 o’clock this morning before he
B: She was worried because she ..............
finally decided to go home and rest.
(not/see) her cat for days.
6 A: How is Laura?

15 Put the verbs in brackets into the past B: She’s OK. She was upset yesterday
because she ............................... (fail)
perfect or the past perfect continuous.
her driving test.
1 I had just decided (just/decide) to call
Annie when she rang my mobile phone.
2 Emily was upset. Someone ......................
.................................... (steal) things from 17 Fill in: for, since, how long, before, until or
her locker at college for weeks. when.
3 After James .............................................
1 Carl had been parking his car in the same
(paint) the living room, he ordered a pizza.
place for years when somebody stole it.
4 The police ................................................
2 We waited .............. the firefighters had put
(not/investigate) the murder for long when
out the fire ............ we went back inside.
a man confessed to the crime.
3 The girl had been missing ............... 11:30
5 Before the plumber fixed it, the pipe .........
on Friday night, so her parents were very
........................................ (leak) for days.
anxious.
6 I ..............................................................
4 ............... had she been learning German
(finish) the cleaning before my flatmate
............... she moved to Berlin?
came home.
5 Trevor had been a surgeon ............... 15
7 How long .................................................
years ............... he decided to change
(you/use) your laptop before it broke?
careers.
8 Maria was disappointed with Mona
6 I hadn’t spoken to Dave ............... he
because she ............................................
started his own business.
(not/respond) to her emails.
7 He wasn’t able to concentrate ...............
9 Sam ..........................................................
everyone had stopped talking.
(twist) his ankle and it was swollen.
8 We had been watching TV ............... three
10 The jumper looked lovely as she ...............
hours ............... we finally decided to go to
.................................. (knit) it for months.
bed.

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18 Choose the correct item. 20 Complete the second sentence so that it

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means the same as the first. Use up to
1 Lewis is tired because he ..... all day.
three words.
A has driven

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B is driving 1 Frank ate his breakfast before he left the
C has been driving house.
2 ..... to Helen yesterday? Frank didn’t leave the house until he had
A Have you spoken eaten his breakfast.
B Did you speak 2 After studying Physics for three years, Beth
C Had you been speaking got her degree.
3 I ..... a book when Robin knocked on the door. Beth ............................................ Physics
A have read for three years before she got her degree.
B was reading 3 The lecture started before we arrived at the
C had read campus.
4 After Alice got on the train, she realised she The lecture ..............................................
..... to buy a ticket. by the time we arrived at the campus.
A had forgotten 4 Kelly didn’t win a match until she had been
B had been forgetting playing tennis for eleven months.
C has forgotten Kelly had been playing tennis for eleven
months .............................. won a match.
5 We ..... for our coffee yet.
A didn’t pay 5 He confessed before the police arrived.
B haven’t been paying The police arrived ....................................
C haven’t paid confessed.

6 How long ..... before you sold your first 6 It was the first time Eric had tried hang-gliding.
picture? Eric had ...................................................
A had you been painting hang-gliding before.
B have you been painting
C had you painted Speaking
Lucy’s class were on an educational trip to
Paris last week. Form sentences about what
19 Put the verbs in brackets into the past
had happened by the end of the first day.
perfect or the past perfect continuous.

• be thrilled/because they look

forward to the trip for months
• travel/for 3 hours/before/reach
Officer Styles 1) had been patrolling (patrol) the Paris
streets all day when someone called him to the scene • after unpack their suitcases/be
of an unusual crime. A man 2) ................................................. ready/go sightseeing
(find) his neighbour, Mrs Payne, in his home! She • already buy a guidebook/so not
3) .............................................. (pick) the lock on the back need get one
door and let herself in, but she 4) .............................................. • wait in the queue in front of Louvre for an
(not/steal) anything. In fact, the man caught Mrs hour/before/enter the museum
Payne red-handed with a mop and bucket! • not hungry/already eat
“She 5) .......................................... (just/finish) cleaning the • watch a film/for 2 hours/before/go to bed
kitchen when I arrived,” said Officer Styles. “I’ve seen a The students were thrilled because they had
lot of strange things in my time, but I’ve never heard been looking forward to the trip for months.
of anything like this before!” the police officer added.
Apparently, Mrs Payne 6) .......................................... (break Writing
into) people’s houses for months to clean, tidy and
Imagine you are Lucy. Compete the blog
even do their ironing! The police explained to Mrs
entry about your first day in Paris.
Payne that what she 7) ................................................ (do) all
this time was wrong, but they didn’t arrest her because Hello bloggers!
she 8) ................................................... (not/take) anything. Last week I went with my class to Paris ...
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Exploring Grammar (Units 8 – 9)

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Past perfect – Past perfect continuous The infinitive/-ing form

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1 Circle the verbs in the text which are in the past perfect 3 a) Find and underline the
or the past perfect continuous. Which tense shows: infinitive and -ing forms in the
text. Give reasons for their use.
• An action that happened before another past action or

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before a stated time.
• The length of time of an action which started and finished b) Find an infinitive form that
in the past before another past action or before a stated refers to the past. How are the
time. other tenses of the infinitive
formed?

To whom it may concern,

I would like to report a crime that took place on the London 4 Read the sentences. How
Underground last week. I had been sitting on the train for does the meaning of the verb
about 10 minutes when an old man got on at Marble Arch. I remember change?
let him sit down in my seat and I decided to stand by the
1 I remember going to the
door. The train suddenly stopped moving and a woman
theatre for the first time.
bumped into me. It wasn’t until we stopped again that I
2 Did you remember to book
realised someone had taken my mobile phone from my
tickets for the show?
pocket! I wasn’t fast enough to see who did it, but I asked
the other passengers and one of them claimed to have seen
the woman reaching into my pocket when she bumped too-enough
against me. She had red hair, a blue coat and black boots. I
hope I’ve given you enough information to find her and 5 a) Look at the highlighted
my missing phone. sentences. Which are positive
Yours sincerely, in meaning and which are
Alex Sykes negative? Where do we place
too and enough in a
Dear Mr Sykes,
sentence?
Thank you for your email. At the moment, we
haven’t got enough evidence to investigate
the crime. However, if you can tell us the time b) Fill in too or enough.
and date of the incident, we can try looking at
1 There aren’t .........................
the security tapes from the train. Most of the
exam packs for all the
time, the trains are too crowded to see
students.
clearly, but we might be lucky!
2 Rebecca is clever ....................
I look forward to hearing from you soon,
to get a scholarship.
Officer Rose
3 It’s ......................... wet to
(Metropolitan Police)
walk to town today.
4 The children are old
......................... to watch
2 Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past perfect this film now.
or past perfect continuous. 5 Is there .........................
pasta for everyone?
1 I .................................. (not/watch) the news last night.
6 Eric is ......................... busy
2 Chris felt frustrated because he .................................. to come to the party tonight.
(fix) the computer all day and it still wasn’t working.
7 Our French teacher at college
3 .................................. (you/go) fishing last Saturday? speaks ......................... fast
4 After they .................................. (eat) lunch, Sue and for us to understand.
Robert went for a walk. 8 Mrs Dale cooks well
5 .................................. (she/visit) Edinburgh before she ......................... to enter the
applied to go to university there? cooking competition.
6 Molly .................................. (not/study) French for a
long time before she took her first exam.
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Revision (Units 1 – 9)

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1 Choose the correct item.

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1 Carl’s boss ..... the office by the time the 16 We ..... in Hastings when we were younger.
meeting started. A have lived B would live C used to live

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A had left B had been leaving
17 Ron was shopping when he ..... into an old
C left
friend from school.
2 We had ..... fun at the fundraiser! A had run B run C ran
A such a B so C such
18 Katie was ironing while I ..... the floor.
3 This sauce is ..... salty to eat. A was mopping B has been mopping
A too B enough C so C had been mopping

4 Amy has decided ..... to Sweden. 19 Pat, ..... lives next door, is a friend of ours.
A moving B to move C move A who B which C that

5 Laura felt tired as she ..... for hours. 20 These days more and more people ..... in
A had been walking restaurants.
B was walking A have eaten B are eating C eat
C has been walking
21 Cate Blanchett ..... the role of Galadriel in
6 By the time Max ..... at the restaurant, The Hobbit.
everyone had finished the first course. A has played B is playing C plays
A arrives B arrived C had arrived
22 Chris is ..... the best employer.
7 We ..... at the stop for 20 minutes before A far B by far C much
the bus appeared.
23 My flatmate is three years ..... than me.
A had stood B have been standing
A older B elder C old
C had been standing
24 There is ..... milk in my tea; I can’t drink it.
8 James was happy because he ..... .
A too many B too much C a lot
A graduated B had graduated
C has graduated 25 Why is Ian sitting ..... the corner on his own?
A on B at C in
9 Beth is thinking of ..... across Europe.
A travel
C travelling
B having travelled
Grammar in Focus
10 He appears ..... from flu at the moment. Fill in the correct form of the word in brackets,
A to suffer B to be suffering choose the correct word or fill in the gaps.
C to have suffered
A According to statistics, the 1) safer/safest
11 Maria let me ..... her new Jaguar. place to live 2) ............................ the UK is
A drive B to drive C driving Wokingham, a town 3) which/where is 50 km
from London. There are 35,000 people in the
12 They stopped ..... a snack and rest. town, but in 2013 only about 1,000 crimes
A having B to have had 4) ......................... (take place). Wokingham
C to have resident, Mary Lewis, says, “I lived in London
for 15 years 5) before/after I came here and
13 I regret ..... him my secret.
the crime rate there was very high. But
A to tell B telling C tell
6) until/since I moved to Wokingham in
14 Tony ..... me the keys to his flat so that I 2010, I 7) ....................... (not/hear) about a
can feed his cat while he’s away. single burglary!”
A has given B has been giving B On the other hand, 1) ............... (dangerous)
C had given place in Britain appears 2) ................... (be)
Stratford’s Westfield Shopping Centre! About
15 She ..... judo for seven years. 200 crimes are believed to have been
A does B has been doing committed 3) any/every month in 2012, but
C is doing it’s still not 4) too risky/risky enough to stop
over 3 million shoppers 5) ....................
(visit) each month!
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Fo sp
iv

in
r t ec
Phrasal Verbs

ea tio
ch n
er ON
1 Fill in the correct particle.

s' L
give sb away = betray sb The robber
gave his accomplice away to the
police. • off • back • up • out • away
give sth away = 1) reveal sth He 1 Evan gave ......... coffee and now he drinks milk in the

Y
gave away their hiding place. morning instead.
2) give sth free of charge: The perfume
2 Those freshly-baked cookies are giving ......... a
shop gives away free samples on
wonderful smell.
Saturdays.
give back = return I gave Michael 3 Can you give my textbook ......... by Wednesday?
back his CD yesterday. 4 The robber refused to give his partner ......... .
give off = emit (a smell, gas, etc) 5 Tom used his games console so much that it gave .........
That scented candle gives off a after a year and he had to buy a new one.
strong smell. 6 The thief had nowhere to hide, so he gave himself .........
give out = become used up/run out to the police officers.
My mobile phone battery gave out
7 The supermarket are giving ......... a free shopping bag
after I had been talking to Mel.
when you spend over £20.
give up = 1) abandon a habit He
gave up eating chocolate when he 8 Ellen gave ......... the end of the film, so I didn’t bother to
started his diet. watch it.
2) stop doing sth She couldn’t fix the 9 I know it’s a difficult problem, but don’t give ......... !
laptop,so she gave up.
give oneself up = surrender The
shoplifter gave herself up to the police.
2 Fill in the correct particle.

hold back = control (oneself, crowds, • on • back • up

etc) She was so upset that she
couldn’t hold back her tears. 1 Two men held .......... the bank last Friday.
hold on = wait (esp. on the phone) 2 The security guards struggled to hold .......... the crowds
Please hold on a minute; there’s of fans at the concert.
someone on the other line. 3 Please hold .......... while I connect you to Dr Phillips.
hold up = 1) delay Sorry I’m late; I 4 Amy was held .......... at the supermarket; there was a
was held up in traffic. huge queue.
2) rob a place (using a weapon) The
robber held up the jewellery store
and took £25,000.

a b

3 Match the 1 give oneself up

phrasal verbs 2 hold up
to the pictures
3 give sth away
and write
4 a hold back
a sentence
describing the 5 give off
The police officer is trying ....................................
pictures. to hold back the two men. ....................................

c d e

.................................... .................................... ....................................

.................................... .................................... ....................................
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Fo sp
iv

in
r t ec
Prepositions

ea tio
ch n
er ON
happen to sb/sth (v) hear from (= receive a letter) (v) hope for sth (v)

s' L
H head for (= go towards) (v) hear of sb/sth (= know that sb/sth (no) hope of (n)
hear about (= be told) (v) exists) (v) hopeless at sth (adj)

impatient with (adj) insist on (v) invitation to (n)

Y
I impressed by/with sb/sth (adj) interested in sth (adj) invite sb to (v)
increase in (n) introduce sb to sb (v)

J jealous of sb/sth (adj)

keen on sth (adj) (be) kind to sb (BUT (be) kind of know of/about (v)
K sb to do sth) (adj)
laugh at sb (= mock) (v) listen to sb/sth (v) look at sb/sth (v)
L laugh at sth (v) live on (money/food) (v)

Word Formation
1 Choose the correct preposition.
3 Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the
1 Have you heard for/from/of Penny since word in brackets. Which are person nouns?
she moved to Canada? Which are abstract nouns?
2 What happened with/to/of Eric? Has he
broken his leg? 1 Rachel’s husband is a news ...................
on Channel 4. (PRESENT)
3 It’s getting cold; let’s head to/in/for home.
2 It’s difficult to find a good .........................
4 Julie is hoping on/for/about a pay rise this
nowadays. (BABYSIT)
year.
3 The judge sent the ................... to jail for
5 There’s no hope about/for/of us going on a
seven years. (CRIME)
picnic today; it’s raining outside.
4 He got a fine for ................... on Oak
6 I’ve never heard for/of/by this band before.
Avenue in his new car. (SPEED)
7 Tony is interested with/in/at joining the
5 Learning to solve problems is an important
basketball team.
part of a child’s ................... . (EDUCATE)
8 I heard about/of/for your engagement;
6 Fortunately, the argument didn’t affect Lucy
congratulations!
and Anna’s ............................ . (FRIEND)
7 Tina has an ................................ with the
dentist at 11:00. (APPOINT)
2 Fill in the correct preposition. 8 Could you please give me some
................................ on the sights in
• at • to • with • of • on Paris? (INFORM)
1 I’m not keen .......... football, but I love 9 We were amazed at the businessman’s
playing rugby. ...................................... when he donated
2 Do you know .......... any good restaurants £100,000 to charity. (GENEROUS)
in York? 10 She’s a talented ………..............….; the
3 I always listen .......... my flatmate’s advice. music she writes is beautiful. (COMPOSE)
4 My friends laugh .......... my mobile phone 11 Luke works as a ........................ in the
because it’s so old. centre of London (BANK)
5 Our neighbours are very kind .......... us; they 12 The most important qualities in a friendship
look after our dog when we’re on holiday. are ........................ and loyalty. (HONEST)
6 Grizzly bears live .......... fish in the summer. 13 Steven Spielberg is a famous film
........................ who has won 3 Oscars.
7 Look .......... the newspaper; there’s a
(DIRECT)
picture of Emily on the front page.
14 You must submit your ........................ by
8 Michael has always been a little jealous
Monday. (APPLY)
.......... his brother’s success.

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