Askep Pada Kelompok Khusus Lansia

ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PADA
KELOMPOK KHUSUS: LANSIA
Fatma S. Ruffaida
INTRODUCTION
○ Lanjut usia adalah seseorang yang telah mencapai
usia 60 (enam Puluh) tahun ke atas (Peraturan

Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 43 Tahun 2004).
2
INTRODUCTION
○ Fundamental requirements for effective nursing of any

population:
□ Know the characteristics of the population.
□ Set aside stereotypes based on misconceptions about the
population.
□ Know the health needs of the population as a basis for nursing
intervention.
□ View the population from an aggregate, public health perspective
that emphasizes health protection, health promotion, and disease
prevention.
3
HEALTH STATUS OF
OLDER ADULTS
SITUASI LANSIA DI
INDONESIA
○ Secara global, Asia dan Indonesia
dari tahun 2015 sudah memasuki
era penduduk menua (ageing
population)
○ Data proyeksi penduduk lansia:
□ tahun 2017 terdapat 23,66 juta
(9,03%).
□ tahun 2020 (27,08 juta),
□ tahun 2025 (33,69 juta),
□ tahun 2030 (40,95 juta)
SITUASI LANSIA DI
INDONESIA
SITUASI LANSIA DI
INDONESIA
SITUASI LANSIA DI
INDONESIA
DISPELLING AGEISM
Misconceptions about
Older Adults
Most older adults cannot live independently
Chronologic age determines oldness

Most elderly persons have diminished intellectual capacity or
are senile
All older people are content and serene
Older adults cannot be productive or active
All older adults are resistant to change

10
Characteristics of
Healthy Older Adults
Healthy aging means being able to function, even
when disabled, with a minimum of help from others
(CDC & Merck Co. Foundation, 2007).
Wellness among the older population

varies.
Factors influenced wellness among the older population:
personality traits, life experiences, current physical health, and
current societal supports and personal health behaviors
including smoking, obesity, and excessive alcohol use.
The goals in CHN: to maximize the wellness potential of elderly

clients and to support their highest level of functional ability 
to remain independent.
11
ELDER ABUSE
Elder Abuse
○  angka kejadian kekerasan pada lansia.

○ Penyebab:
□ Social isolation,
□ Mental impairment, and
□ Dependency on others
Elder Abuse
Elder abuse is defined as the intentional or
unintentional hurting, either physical or
emotional, of a person who is age sixty or over.
Categories:
• physical abuse,
• psychological abuse,
• neglect, and
• financial abuse.
CHN: signs of elder abuse and knowledgeable

about reporting laws
HEALTH NEEDS OF
OLDER ADULTS
Health Needs of Older
Adults
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
16
Primary Prevention
○ Health education,
○ Personal health practices (e.g., flossing, seat belt use,
exercise),
○ Recommended routine screenings, and
○ Maintenance of an appropriate immunization schedule
○ Ensure that older adults are doing all that they can to
maintain their health.
17
Primary Prevention
○ Nutrition Needs
○ Exercise Needs
○ Economic Security Needs
○ Psychosocial Needs
○ Spirituality, Advance Directives, Hospice, Palliative
Care, and Preparing for Death
18
Primary Prevention
○ Nutrition Needs
□ maintaining a healthy diet,
□ cautioned to limit the use of alcohol,
□ avoid tobacco,
□ drink fluoridated water or use fluoride toothpaste, and
□ practice good oral hygiene and have regular dental
checkups
19
Primary Prevention
○ Exercise Needs
□ Aging ≠ passivity  physical activity and
movement contribute to the quality of
intellectual and physical performance in old age.
□ CHN can encourage exercise and examine factors
that prevent them from regularly exercising
(Kressig & Echt, 2002).
20
Primary Prevention
○ Economic Security Needs

□ CHN provide information about potential
consumer fraud (e.g., telemarketing schemes)
targeted to the elderly.
21
Primary Prevention
□ Coping with multiple losses
□ Maintaining independence
○ Older people need independence  many older adults
have chronic diseases  difficult to maintain
independence.
○ The Chronic Disease Self-Management Program
22
Primary Prevention
□ Social interaction, companionship, and purpose
○ Programs such as Friendly Visitors, can be an
effective method of increasing social support for
those who have no family members nearby.
23
Primary Prevention
□ Safety needs
○ Personal health and safety,
□ Immunizations, prevention of falls, and drug safety
○ Home safety, and Community safety
□ Pedestrian and driving issues, crime and fear of
crime against elders, and environmental factors
such as sun exposure, pollution, heat, and cold
24
Primary Prevention
○ Spirituality, Advance Directives, Hospice, Palliative

Care, and Preparing for Death
□ A final need of the elderly is preparing for a dignified death
□ Hospice is an option for people with a “projected” life expectancy of
six months or less and often involves palliative care (pain and
symptom relief) as opposed to ongoing curative measures.
□ Palliative care consists of comfort and symptom management and
does not provide a cure.
25
APPROACHES TO
OLDER ADULT CARE
GERIATRICS AND
GERONTOLOGY
○ Geriatrics is the medical specialty that deals with the health
and social care of the elderly.
○ Geriatrics includes the physiology of aging, diagnosis and
treatment of diseases affecting the aged and resulting from
the aging process, and the complex psychosocial issues
associated with the aging population.
27
GERIATRICS AND
GERONTOLOGY
○ Gerontology refers to the study of all aspects of the aging

process, including economic, social, clinical, and
psychological factors, and their effects on the older adult
and on society.
○ A community health nurse works with older adults at the
individual, family, and group levels.
28
CASE MANAGEMENT AND
NEED ASSESSMENT
○ Case management involves assessing needs, planning and
organizing services, and monitoring responses to care
throughout the length of the care giving process, condition,
or illness.
○ The ultimate goal of community based case management for
the aging population:
□ to enhance the quality of care by decreasing fragmentation,
□ maximizing resources, and
□ providing the highest quality of care possible
29
CASE MANAGEMENT AND
NEED ASSESSMENT
○ Techniques or tools to assess the needs of older adults:

□ The Older Americans Resources and Services
□ Information System (OARS),
□ The Barthel Index
□ The Modified Rankin Scale (MRS)
□ The Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living
□ The Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale
□ the Stanford 7-day Physical Activity Recall questionnaire (PAR),
□ the Human Activity Profile (HAP), and the Physical Activity Scale
for the Elderly (PASE).
30
HEALTH SERVICES FOR
OLDER ADULTS
POPULATIONS
HEALTH SERVICES
FOR OLDER ADULTS
○ Criteria for Effective Service

□ Comprehensive
□ Coordination
□ Accessibility
□ Promote quality programs
32
HEALTH SERVICES
FOR OLDER ADULTS
○ Services for Healthy Older Adults

○ Living Arrangements and Care Options
□ Day Care and Home Care Services
□ Living Arrangements Based on Levels of Care
○ Respite Care Services
33
CONCLUSION
○ For community health nursing, the growing aging population will

present opportunities for nurses to work with communities to
strengthen and build programs and services that focus on supporting
the aging population’s highest functional level.
○ The community health nurse will be in the position to advocate for the
needs of an aging population and work with other agencies and
organizations involved with health care delivery to ensure that seniors
have access to high quality health care and comprehensive services
34
THANKS!
Any questions?
35

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ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PADA

KELOMPOK KHUSUS: LANSIA

○ Lanjut usia adalah seseorang yang telah mencapai

usia 60 (enam Puluh) tahun ke atas (Peraturan

○ Fundamental requirements for effective nursing of any

Chronologic age determines oldness

Older adults cannot be productive or active

All older adults are resistant to change

Wellness among the older population

The goals in CHN: to maximize the wellness potential of elderly

○  angka kejadian kekerasan pada lansia.

CHN: signs of elder abuse and knowledgeable

○ Economic Security Needs

○ Spirituality, Advance Directives, Hospice, Palliative

○ Gerontology refers to the study of all aspects of the aging

○ Techniques or tools to assess the needs of older adults:

○ Criteria for Effective Service

○ Services for Healthy Older Adults

○ For community health nursing, the growing aging population will

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