INTRODUCTION

There are so many interesting stories about the countless heroes and martyrs in

the Philippines during the World War II. The bravery and sacrifices of those who stayed behind

and gallantly protected their own people can be equally as great as the courage of the soldiers

who took up arms and marched to face the enemies.

History of the provinces of the Bicol Region is replace with so many splendid, heroic

stories of people in all walks of life with their valor and heroism even before the coming of

Spaniards, Americans, and the Japanese Occupations in the Philippine shore. The untold bravery

of persons that never been given a chance, importance and ignored the courageousness, sacrifices

and bravery during Japanese War.

Some of these living witnesses were in fact, forgotten and were not recognized by

professional historians to contribute in the writing of Philippine history, for instance during the

period of Second World War in the Philippines, 1941-1945.

Man’s arrogance and lust for power as old as time. World War II was a war a cataclysmic

magnitude and reach that changed lives of people all over the world, all because of these

iniquitous traits. The paradox of the war was that it brought out the best and the worst in people.

More than a place that bares exotic landmarks and out-of-this-world natural attractions, the province of

Camarines Norte has a lot more of greatness to tell, especially about home-grown revolutionaries and

wartime heroes.

It is a common knowledge that there is some truth in the common experience and served models

especially to the young. This is one way of saying that there are now many subjects from biographical

writing then up to present.

 The literary writings of biographical study during the historic period Spanish, American or

Japanese “were manifestations of traditional knowledge that re closest to the literary from biography or

genealogy.

However, the oral accounts have been recognized as rich source of the information which could

substantially help in writing and interpreting the past.

History is molded by entity that enthusiastic to make a difference in the 21 st century, one man

stood tall and left his mark or legacy on the history of province of Camarines Norte in the Philippines on

the lives of its people.

In Camarines Norte, it is know how that many forgotten heroes fought against the Japanese, and

we can trace these rich historical accounts by studying the places where most Japanese Filipino fights

happened.

In the province of Camarines Norte , this man was an exemplary leader. Not only did he faithfully

execute his duties as Governor, but he laid down his life to defend the honor of the land he cherished and

to ensure the safety of the people he loved and promised to serve. His legacy to the people of Camarines

Norte was an unparalleled service and sacrifice.

Basilio B. Bautista Sr. served as Provincial Board Member and Governor act as our Military

commander at the time of war of Camarines Norte. During his term he was known as “Father of the

Movement and The Bulldog Fighter”and he was a companion of Vinzons.

His performance and accomplishment served as a living testimony that had always admired him

and went to work for him because he was a fair man. They knew how hardworking he was, but not hard

as a person. And also his heroism and martyrdom should make the people of Camarines Norte be proud

that he is one of them.

It is in this context that the researchers conceived a bright idea to construct a biographical

research title that focus on the life, experiences and war struggles of Basilio B. Bautista Sr. : A

Forgotten Hero of Labo, Camarines Norte during World War II, 1941-1945.
 This study was conducted to retrospect the life and works of all forgotten heroes, to keep it attune

to the changing times and make it relevant to the new spirit of contemporary generation.

Objectives of the study

The main objective of this study aims to provide a historical account concerned revealed

the life experiences and war struggles of Basilio B. Bautista Sr. : A Forgotten Hero of Labo,

Camarines Norte during World War II, 1941-1945. Moreover, the specific objectives attempt to

answer the following: (1) sources that proved the existence of his legacy in Labo, Camarines

Norte; (2) person(s) introduced that he was a forgotten hero of the Second World War in Labo,

Camarines Norte; (3)extent what were his experiences and struggles during World War II and

(4)reasons for the existence of their livelihood in the past that still exist today specially in

current issues.

Importance of the study

The researchers perceived that the outcome this study will be useful to give a better

understanding of the existence of forgotten hero in Labo, Camarines Norte. Speciffically, this

biographical study will be beneficial to the following:

History Students. Through this study, the students of history will be understand about

local heroism, the facets of information conditional in this research will be useful to those who

have the ambition to serve in the politics.

History Teachers. Teachers teaching history will be inspired to impart knowledge, it

may serve as additional material in educating students about local history and topics regarding

valor, bravery and heroism among forgotten heroes of Bicol, which will serve as paragon of

leadership to those who wish to emulate them.

 Local Historians. This study may serve as additional historical record that will help them

to promote and encourage other local historians to study more particularly the existence of

forgotten hero in the entire of Camarines Norte.

Residents of Labo. Little is known about how this forgotten hero existed in Labo. Hence

this study will give them further information about the life of Basilio B. Bautista Sr. Also, this

paper will provide data regards to the local heroes. The local residents deserve to know not only

about the legacy but also the other local heroes and histories.

Politicians. This will serve as a reminder of what good governance is all about. Also

lead by example of what is good for the majority.

Community. The community should be knowledgeable of life and works of Basilio

B.Bautista .The results of this study are great help to the community to understand the

importance in their lives and eventually improve their knowledge of forgotten Hero.

Museo de Labo. The outcome of this research will serve as an additional record of

information to the library. Since the purpose of this study is historical discovery, it will help to

promote local historical awareness.

Researchers. This study is beneficial to the researchers since it aims to answer the

questions that the researchers seek to know about the life and struggles of forgotten hero in Labo,

Camarines Norte.

Future researchers. This study will serve as a reference material for those who are

going to conduct related research in the future.

 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

` This study was supported from the following theories.

One of the theories study was based on Great Man Theory 1840 by Thomas Carlyle it is

one of the early notions of leadership, which is still popular in certain situation, is that leadership

is an inborn quality. This theory explained by the impact of great men, or heroes highly

influential and unique individuals who, due to their natural attributes, such as superior intellect,

heroic encourage, extraordinary leadership abilities or divine inspiration.

And the Path Goal Theory by Robert House stated that leader’s behaviour is contingent

upon the satisfaction and motivation, and performance of their subordinates. In this leadership

theory, they assume that a leader complements her or his employees and compensates for their

shortcomings. The task-oriented elements of the Path Goal Theory match situational leadership.

In the Path-Goal Theory of Leadership, effective leaders give their employees, dubbed

‘followers’ by House and Mitchell, a clear path they must follow to achieve their goals. This type

of supervision removes pitfalls and barricades. The Path-Goal Theory provides ways for leaders

to encourage and support their employees in achieving their goals.

 Goal BASILIO B.
PATH GOAL THEORY
(Robert House) BAUTISTA SR:

1941 A FORGOTTEN

HERO of Labo,
Political and
Economy Camarines Norte
GREAT MAN
THEORY during World War
(Thomas Carlyle) II, 1941-1945.
1840 Environmental
Awareness

Figure 1. Theoretical Paradigm

 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This conceptual framework of the study is a series concept including input, process and output.

The input is the objectives of the study presented above. Therefore, the researcher seeks

(a) to expose the life of Basilio B. Bautista Sr.: (b) to determine his role as a politician and (c) to

identify his experiences and struggles during World War II that he accomplished during his

designation.

On the other hand, process is actual collection of data through unstructured interview

Browsing internet, reading books in the different libraries, analysis, interpretation of data and

cooperating some agencies.

However, output refers to the outcome regarding to the study entitled of of Basilio B.

Bautista Sr.: A Forgotten Hero of Labo, Camarines Norte during World War II, 1941-1945.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 To expose the life of Basilio B.  Unstructured BASILIO B.
Interview
Bautista Sr. BAUTISTA SR:
 Browsing
 To determine his role as a Internet
 Reading books A FORGOTTEN
politician and in the different
HERO OF LABO ,
libraries
 To identify his experiences and  Analysis CAMARINES NORTE
 Interpretation of
struggles during World War II
data DURING WORLD
that he accomplished during  Cooperating
some agencies WAR II ,1941-1945
his designation.  Photo
Documentation

Figure 2.Conceptual Paradigm

Scope and Limitation

This study focused on the life and struggles of forgotten hero during World War II in

Camarines Norte. It attempted to discover the historical evidence about Basilio B. Bautista.

However, the availability of the sources collected and period are considered as the limitation of

this research.

Time and Place of the Study

The researchers conducted this study from 2021-2022 in Labo, Camarines

Norte. The municipality of Labo is the biggest town in Camarines Norte having a total land

area of 58, 936,267.7 hecatres are scattered among 52 barangays. Its neighboring town

surrounds Labo. At the (south) Paracale, Jose Panganiban, Capalonga, (east) Vinzons, Talisay,

San Vicente, (west) Santa Elena (north) Quezon and Camarines Sur. In addition, the figure

presented below is a map showing the geographical location and territorial of the study.

Figure 3: Geographical Location of Labo, Camarines Norte. This was retrieved in

History of Labo Culture and Arts
Figure 4: Geographical Location of Labo, Camarines Norte. This was retrieved in
History of Labo Culture and Arts
Definition of Terms

For a greater clarity and ease these terms were defined to enable the readers to understand

better the content of this research and avoid interpretation aside from what the researchers

intends and to provide a better perspective or idea relative to the present study.

Bayong. native bag woven out of palm fronds

Era.

Forgotten Hero.This refers to a person either male or female who exemplify heroism but have

been forgotten due to unfamiliarity.

WWII. It means World War II, a certain era in the local history of the Philippines when

American along with the Filipinos rages war with the Japanese.

USAFFE. means United State Armed Forces in the Far East.

Guerilla. An organized military force usually using a combat tactics of fighting behind enemy for

the purpose of outnumbering an enemy or destroying without being outnumbered. In this study,

he was a Filipino who sacrifices his life during Japanese period due to fought the rights of

province.

MAKAPILI. term used to call the Filipino collaborators who wore the bayong over their heads

so as not to be identified by the other Filipinos, while they point out to the Filipinos aiding the

guerilla forces.

Review of Related Literature

 This chapter presents the related literature and related studies taken from books,

articles, journals, unpublished thesis, local studies, and foreign studies that are beneficial and

essential to further the context of the study.

World War II

The Japanese occupation in the Philippines is one of the important events in the local and

national history of the country. It was during World War II that the Japanese began carving its

history in our nation along with their occupation from 1941 until 1945. This paved way to the

many experiences and cultural influences that the Japanese soldiers have left among the many

Filipinos of the country. For almost four years of their stay in the Philippines, more and more

impact were created along the life and culture of our nation, so to speak the many incidents and

pursuits were made against and pro for the Japanese who stayed and fought for their personal and

political interests.

According to Benda, H. (1958) argued that the Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia

drastically changed the postwar situation by creating a discontinuity in the rule of some local

elites in Indonesia.

Simmon,T. (2015),stated that World War II was the defining event of the twentieth

century. For everyone it was a time of confusion, fear, destruction, and death on a scale never

before seen. Much has been written of the generals, campaigns, and battles of the war, but it was

young, ordinary American kids who held our freedom in their hands as they fought for liberty

across the globe. 

Hartendorp, A.V.H on his article. “The Japanese Occupation in the Philippines” (1967)

discussed “The information of this guerilla in Camarines Norte under the guerilla leader W.Q
Vinzons popularly known as Gov. W. Q Vinzons Travekubg Guerillas. He said that the first

guerilla unit to be formed in the Bicol region was organized in 18 December 1941 in Camarines

Norte by Lt.Wenceslao Q.Vinzons, former governor of the province. Led by Vinzons assistant,

Sgt. Francisco (Turko) Boayes , this force of about 100 armed men raided Japanese garrison

throughout January –July 1942.

Agoncillio,T. (1990) stated that the period of the Japanese occupation lasting three years

(1942-1945) was one of the darkest interlude in the history of the Philippines.

So It’s hard to imagine that a major month long battle from World War II — one that

devastated a large city, caused more than 100,000 civilian deaths and led to both a historic war

crimes trial and a Supreme Court decision — should have escaped scrutiny until now.

But history has somehow overlooked the catastrophic battle for Manila, capital of the

Philippines, in the waning months of the war. Like the Rape of Nanking, or the siege of

Stalingrad, the tragedy of Manila deserves far greater understanding and reflection today.

Because it process of trying the atrocities and sexual violence of military and

constabulary collaborators with the 1941–1945 Japanese occupation of the Philippines under the

law of treason and finds that, if early war crimes trials of the early postwar period fell short in

many ways, punishing the brutality of war as betrayal was a deeply troubled alternative. Were

Filipino citizens who, during the war, were called upon to carry out acts of extreme violence.

acts were justified as acts of sacrifice carried out in defense of both an Asian order their

occupiers claimed to be the only bulwark against the injustices of Western imperialism, and on

behalf of the new Philippine republic established under occupation.

 Meanwhile, Steinberg, D. (1967) supported this “interregnum” theory in his study of

local leaders in the Philippines who collaborated with the Japanese army. Steinberg suggested

that even though the war retained the oligarchy in some areas, it created changes in the political

leadership of the country due to the treason charges against them that weakened their political

influence in the postwar period.

According to Agdon, F. & Garcia,C.(2014) stated that “life during Japanese era was

quite difficult for the majority of the Filipinos during the Japanese Era”. There are a shortage of

food, medicines, and other basic accomodities needed by the people to survive. As a result of this

situation, food rationing came to be practiced in the cities. Food shortage, however, became very

acute especially during the latter part of the Japanese occupation as farmers were forced to leave

their farmlands to escape Japanese brutalities. Life was very precarious especially in areas where

there were guerillas. An atmosphere of fear and anxiety was so prevalent for fear of being

suspected of joining or supporting the underground resistance against the Japanese authorities.

This was aggravated by the presence of spies and collaborators who reported the guerillas and

their supporters to the Japanese.

According to Agdon C. et.al(n/d) Japanese era has a very disgraceful phenomenon that

happened during the Japanese occupation was the collaboration of some groups with the

Japanese invaders in oppressing their fellow Filipinos and in Japanese prosecution of its war

against the Filipino guerillas and the Allied forces in the Philippines.These fanatical pro-

Japanese were the Ganaps, the Palaaks, the United Nippon, the Pampars and the MAKAPILIS.

The worst among these collaborators were the MAKAPILIS. The MAKAPILI was essentially a

politico-military organization formed by the Japanese High Command, on December 8, 1944.

 According to Gerona, D. (2009) one of the men who joined early stage of the resistance

in Camarines Norte was a young married man from Daet,Camarines Norte which namely

Vicente Belmonte. According to Belmonte, part of Vinzons precautionary plan was the arrest of

some 120 Japanese residents of Daet declared as “ enemy nationals” As it turned out , most of

those men were high ranking Japanese officers who , for many years , had been gathering vital

intelligence data in the region data in the region using their occupation as their cover.

Furthermore, from the narrative report of Asis, P. (2004) stated that before America and

the Philippine could finish their war preparation, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, on December 8,

1941. It was Immaculate Conception Feast Day. The treacherous attacked marked the beginning

of war in the Pacific.

President Quezon, before the Declaration of war by America had created Civilian

Emergency Administration. For the purpose of preparing the population for emergency. Course

were given in schools, first-aid, blackout practice air-raid drills were conducted, evacuations

centers were established at various places, but in the province, they fend for the farm.

The invaders were her sooner than expected. They came from the South. They landed at

Legaspi Port, sweeping Camarines Sur, Albay, Sorsogon and towns of Bicol, as early as before

the Fall of Bataan. The whole Bicol Region was flooded by the “SAKANG” in matter of days.

They reach Camarines Norte for their destination, Jose Panganiban and Paracale. The people

residing near their route were like birds on flight, to hide in the hinterland mountains and

forested places.

According to Rimando, C. (2004) on the second day in occupation in Panganiban, they

commenced their brutality. The family of Domingo Dasco resides in a nipa house in the middle
of the rice field, near the road. On that day, the husband and wife come down from the hill to

fetch their chickens and other animals they left, of their sudden flight.

Suddenly seven Japanese soldiers began raiding the houses the roadside. Inggo and

Momen hid under the house. Unfortunately the soldiers were looking for foods, chicken and eggs

and they were trap, under the house.

Inggo was tied at the banana tree, then one at a time the seven soldiers rape Ate Moment,.

After the rapine they wash at the well.

Another incident was perpetuated to a beautiful teenager 12 years old by the name f Lily

Bedena. Their house being near the oil depot at Pantalan, Jose Panganiban, suffer also those

brutality.

According to Diamond Jubilee (1994) that Japanese invasion has a long period of quiet

followed the creation of civil government in the province. This was only broken by World War II

in December, 1941. Japanese forces moved towards Camarines Norte in 1941. A Group of

guerrillas under Wenceslao Q.Vinzons Sr. with a certain Lt. White of the USAFFE tried to stop

the Japanese on December 18, in Laniton,Basud reputed to be the first recorded guerrilla

encounter between Philippine forces and elements of the Japanese Imperial Army but they were

not able to repulse the invading Japanese forces.

In the study of Gripaldo (1998) wrote on Japanese Adventure in the Bicol Region. She

said the Pacific War (World War II) came to the Philippines in the early hours of virtually

crippled Pearl Harbor and key airfield points in the Philippines were subsequently attacked.
 Nosotro (2007) on his essay the change over time about the Japanese occupation in the

Philippines stated that the occupation of the Japanese from 1941-1945 was a time of

heartache,brutality,and guerrilla warfare as the inahbitants tried to their utmost to push the

foreign invaders out of their land.

Forgotten Heroes

According to Clemeña M.B et.al. (2004) entitled “Ignacio D. Abogado: A Bicolano

Unsung Heroes stated that” the untold bravery of persons that never been given a chance,

importance and ignored the courageousness, sacrifices and bravery during Japanese War. For

instance, the impact of their values orientation was exemplified on the Filipino attitudes and

values.

Simmon,T. (2015)Forgotten Heroes of World War II offers a personal understanding of

what was demanded of these young heroes through the stories of rank-and-file individuals who

served in the navy, marines, army, air corps, and merchant marine in all theaters of the war.

Their tales are told without pretense or apology. At the time, each thought himself no different

from those around him, for they were all young, scared, and miserable. They were the ordinary,

the extraordinary—the forgotten.

Furthermore, Beesley, R. (2005) stated that the brave and bold Officers and other Ranks

had courage and heroism but were forgotten. The sacrifice that they made for their King and

their Country will unfold. They helped to keep the Nazi jack boot from our shores and they

fought for freedom for us all. But to this day, they still remain forgotten, all of those years ago.

Some of the men were killed, others died, but the memories will live on for the rest of our lives.
They died fighting on for many days but then became trapped, with no way out and they were

then ordered to surrender, by the French. So come what may, the Germans had a catch, of what

had remained of the British Expeditionary Forces.

According to Cook, D. (n/d) we need to recognise the forgotten heroes and the

importance of Burma and Campaign and those who took part in it. Their fight was long, hard and

brutal. So let them know that we will always remember what they gave to bring about the peace

especially the celebration honour of his name such as VJ day because does not mark the end of

WWII but gives us a chance to remember the sacrifices of forgotten heroes. The brave men and

women who continued the fight for peace in the Far East months after the war in Europe was

over. And we renew our commitment to achieving peace and solidarity for all humankind so that

no future generation suffers the way so many did in the past.

Likewise, according to Moore, C. (2005), in his work he present the current study is

more a testimony to little known American servicemen and women and is intended for the

general public to increase awareness of sacrifices of black Americans.

In his further analysis, Moore made a great contribution by expanding our knowledge of

1.1 million black Americans who fought bravely in World War II, despite the fact that Old Jim

Crow still characterized the American Army in 1941. Instance, Moore reminds us that the war

was won by sacrifices of all races.

According to Nathan,R. (n/d) The name of this remarkable Frenchman seldom appeared

in the press or on the radio during the defense build-up prior to Pearl Harbor and the all-out

mobilization in the challenging months in early 1942 just after the United States entered the war.
Yet until Jean Monnet provided the leadership during the preceding year for setting much higher

goals for American armament production, the prospects were dismal for the successful defense

of Great Britain and Russia. The outlook for the allied nations was discouraging when Japan

attacked Pearl Harbor. The production of war material in the United States was accelerating but

the level of output was quite limited and the production goals still modest. Monnet's talent and

drive helped change all of this. The story of his role in relentless pursuit of higher military goals

as a means of achieving large and growing increases in military production is historically

significant. In Europe, the British and the Russians were on the defensive everywhere and in the

Pacific the Japanese were extending their control wherever the Western powers had military

bases or wherever access to the materials of war was critical. Monnet was a man who worked

quietly, effectively and close to those who had the power to make decisions and to achieve

results. His effectiveness exemplifies the kind of leadership desperately needed today in solving

some of the most urgent international and domestic problems. Monnet was in England in May

1940 when France was overrun by the powerful Nazi forces. He was reputedly the man who

proposed to Churchill that common citizenship be offered by Great Britain to the French people

to preserve their spirit of independence and will to resist the Germans. Whether that proposal

would have been effective if offered somewhat earlier is speculative, but it was a dramatic and

desperate move on the part of Churchill to encourage those in France who strongly opposed

surrender and who wanted to continue the fight.

Likewise, according to Bagadiong, S. et.al (2004) entitled “ Some Bikolano War

Memories and Experience “ that on 17th of December , the Japanese reached Sipocot and was

making swift advance north and north westward. In the evening , Vinzons personally

reconnoiterred enemy positions and development at Barrio, Laniton in the municipality of Basud,
Camarines Norte. At dawn following day, he and 51st division Philippine Army USAFFE patrol

led by American Captain named Welles & Lieutenant Miguel White, the Filipino bronze

medallist in the 400 meter low hurdles in 1936 at Berlin Olympics, engaged in the Historic Battle

of Laniton. On this day , Vinzons wrote down a brief information about the battle in his diary.

“ Exchange shots at Laniton 4:30 am. News

that 5 Japanese were killed. Villafuerte only wounded

At 10 am the Japanese entered Daet, Camarines Norte

120 soldiers, First night in hiding Barrio Tulay na Lupa

METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains the discussion of the research design used, the respondents of the

study, data collection, and instrumentation used by the researchers.

Research Design

The researchers used qualitative research employing descriptive in gathering the

information to accomplish the study. To know the biography of Basilio B. Bautista Sr. the

researchers use unstructured interviews to the nearest family of Basilio B. Bautista. The other

information was collected through the help of books of some cooperating agencies, the internet

and other evidence coming from the Museo de Labo.

Respondents of the Study

 The researchers of this study are formally and personally meet the nearest family of

Basilio B. Bautista and someone knows until he becomes a forgotten hero during Japanese

Period.

Data collection

The researcher used unstructured interviews by using a questionnaire to the respondent of

the study. It uses the cellular phone for voice recording and for documentation, which served as

evidence of the researchers and computer or laptop to encode the gathered data. The researchers

also gathered information in the books, articles, journals and diary to cite some related literature

and study to support their research.

Instrumentation

The researchers used the

The book that details all this is the first volume in the official Military Histories of WW2: "The

War In France And Flanders 1939 -1940" by Major L. F. Ellis,

Sep. 30,2013. HEROES OF WW2 HEZIEL PITOGO,

Remembering the forgotten heroes f ww2,/Newcastle city angela hamilton

Thomas E. Simmons is the author of The Brown Condor, Escape from Archangel, and The Man Called

Brown Condor.

Eden M. Gripaldo , Journal of History Japanese Adventure in the Bicol Region 1941-1945.

Philippines National Historical Society 1998, p. 148

From the magazine of Valor: Unsung Heroes of the World War II by Frisbee,J. (1993)
Agoncillo, T. (1965). The fateful years: Japanese adventure in the Philippines, 1941-45, Quezon

City: RP Garcia Publishing Company.

Ara, S. (2008). Food supply problem in Leyte, Philippines during the Japanese occupation

(1942-1944). Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 39(1), 59-82.

Baclagon, U. (1966). The Philippine resistance movement against Japan. Manila: Veterans

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Benda, H. J. (1958). The crescent and rising sun: Indonesian Islam under the Japanese

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De Viana, A. (2003). Kulaboretor! The issue of political collaboration during World War II.

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Goodman, G. K. (1988). The Japanese occupation of the Philippines: Commonwealth sustained.

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Hartendorp, A.V.H. (1967). The Japanese occupation of the Philippines, vol. 1. Manila: The

William Shaw Foundation.

Ikehata, S., & Ricardo, T. J. (Eds.). (1999). The Philippines under Japan: Occupation policy and

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Thomas, M. L. (1969). Centralism in the Philippines: Past and Present Cause. In J.V. Abueva &

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Lear, E. (1951). Collaboration, resistance, and liberation: A study of society and education in

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___________ (1961). The Japanese occupation in the Philippines, Leyte: 1941-1945. Ithaca,

New York: Southeast Asia Program, Department of Far Eastern Studies, Cornell University

McCoy, A. W. (1980). Politics by other means: World War II in the Western Visayas. In A. W.

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