16 Astm - A350-A350m

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This standard covers carbon and low-alloy steel forgings and fittings requiring notch toughness testing for piping components. It specifies dimensions, grades, chemical compositions, mechanical properties, heat treatment conditions, and testing requirements.

This standard covers several grades of carbon and low-alloy steel forged or ring-rolled flanges, forged fittings and valves intended primarily for low-temperature service.

The standard references ASTM, ASME, AWS, and API standards for steel forgings, flanges, fittings, valves, welding electrodes, and steel gate valves.

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: A350/A350M − 18

Standard Specification for


Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring Notch
Toughness Testing for Piping Components1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A350/A350M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope* Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-


2
1.1 This specification covers several grades of carbon and mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
low-alloy steel forged or ring-rolled flanges, forged fittings and Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
valves intended primarily for low-temperature service and 2. Referenced Documents
requiring notch toughness testing. They are made to specified
2.1 ASTM Standards:3

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dimensions, or to dimensional standards, such as the ASME
and API Specifications referenced in Section 2. Although this A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
specification covers some piping components machined from quirements
rolled bar and seamless tubular materials (see 5.3.3), it does not A961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for
cover raw material produced in these product forms. Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for
Piping Applications
1.2 No limitation on size is intended beyond the ability of
2.2 ASME Standards:
the manufacturer to obtain the specified requirements.
B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings4
However, Class 3 of Grade LF787 is only available in the
B 16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fittings4
quenched-and-precipitation heat treated condition.
B 16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Fer-
1.3 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when rous Valves4
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply B 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and
only when specified by the purchaser in the order. Threaded4
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units B 16.30 Unfired Pressure Vessel Flange Dimensions4
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the B 16.34 Valves-Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End4
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate- B 16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges4
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units. 2.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:
Section IX2
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
2.4 AWS Standards:
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
A 5.1 Mild Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes5
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
A 5.5 Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes5
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
2.5 API Standards:6
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
600 Steel Gate Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for Refinery
standard.
Use
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- 605 Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee the ASTM website.
4
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally www.asme.org.
5
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as A350/A350M – 17. Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,
DOI: 10.1520/A0350_A0350M-18. Miami, FL 33126, http://www.aws.org.
2 6
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,
cation SA-350 in Section II of that Code. Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://api-ec.api.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard


Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

1
A350/A350M − 18
3. Ordering Information 5.3.3 Except for flanges of all types, hollow, cylindrically-
3.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the shaped parts may be machined from rolled bar or seamless
purchase order information necessary to purchase the needed tubular materials provided that the axial length of the part is
material. In addition to the ordering information guidelines in approximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the stock.
Specification A961/A961M, orders should include the follow- Other parts, excluding flanges of all types, may be machined
ing information: from hot-rolled or forged bar up through and including NPS4.
3.1.1 The number of test reports required (see Section 14). Elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be
3.1.2 Additional requirements (see Table 1 footnotes). machined directly from bar stock.
3.1.3 Options in the specification. See 5.4.2.1. 5.4 Heat Treatment:
5.4.1 After hot working and before reheating for heat
4. General Requirements treatment, the forging shall be allowed to cool substantially
4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to below the transformation range.
the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including any 5.4.2 Forgings of grades other than Grade LF787 shall be
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase furnished in the normalized, or normalized and tempered, or
order. Failure to comply with the general requirements of quenched and tempered condition. At the option of the
Specification A961/A961M constitutes nonconformance with manufacturer, forgings furnished in the quenched and tempered
this specification. In case of conflict between the requirements condition may be normalized prior to the austenitize/quench
of this specification and Specification A961/A961M, this operation.
specification shall prevail. 5.4.2.1 Quenching shall consist of either:
(1) fully austenitizing the forgings followed by quenching
5. Manufacture in a suitable liquid medium, or
5.1 Melting Process—The steel shall be produced by any of (2) using a multiple stage procedure whereby the forging is
the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic oxygen, first fully austenitized and rapidly cooled, then reheated to
electric-furnace, or vacuum-induction melting (VIM). The partially re-asutenitize, followed by quenching in a suitable
primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or liquid medium.
refining, and may be followed by secondary melting using (3) Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the choice
electroslag remelting (ESR), or vacuum-arc remelting (VAR). of (1) or (2) shall be at the option of the manufacturer.
5.1.1 The steel shall be fully killed, fine-grain practice. 5.4.2.2 All quenched forgings shall be tempered to 5.4.2.3
5.1.2 The molten steel may be vacuum treated prior to or 5.4.2.3 Forgings, when tempered, shall be tempered at
during pouring of the ingot. 1100 °F [590 °C], minimum, holding at temperature a mini-
mum of 30 min/in. [30 min/25 mm] of maximum thickness, but
5.2 Discard—A sufficient discard shall be made to secure in no case less than 30 min.
freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation. 5.4.3 Grade LF787 forgings shall be furnished in either the
5.3 Forging Process: normalized-and-precipitation heat treated condition or in the
5.3.1 Material for forgings shall consist of ingots, or forged, quenched-and-precipitation heat treated condition. The heat
rolled, or strandcast blooms, billets, slabs, or bars. treatment procedures shall be as follows:
5.3.2 The finished product shall be a forging as defined in 5.4.3.1 Normalized-and-Precipitation Heat Treated—
the Terminology section of Specification A788/A788M. Austenitize in the range from 1600 to 1725 °F [870 to 940 °C]

TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements


Composition, wt. %
Element
Grade LF1 Grade LF2 Grade LF3 Grade LF5 Grade LF6 Grade LF9 Grade LF787
Carbon, max 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.22 0.20 0.07
Manganese 0.60–1.35 0.60–1.35 0.90 max 0.60–1.35 1.15–1.50 0.40–1.06 0.40–0.70
Phosphorus, 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.025 0.035 0.025
max
Sulfur, max 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.025 0.040 0.025
SiliconA 0.15–0.30 0.15–0.30 0.20–0.35 0.20–0.35 0.15–0.30 ... 0.40 max
Nickel 0.40 maxB 0.40 maxB 3.3–3.7 1.0–2.0 0.40 maxB 1.60–2.24 0.70–1.00
Chromium 0.30 maxB,C 0.30 maxB,C 0.30 maxC 0.30 maxC 0.30 maxB,C 0.30 maxC 0.60–0.90
Molybdenum 0.12 maxB,C 0.12 maxB,C 0.12 maxC 0.12 maxC 0.12 maxB,C 0.12 maxC 0.15–0.25
Copper 0.40 maxB 0.40 maxB 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.40 maxB 0.75–1.25 1.00–1.30
NiobiumE 0.02 maxD 0.02 maxD 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 min
Vanadium 0.08 max 0.08 max 0.03 max 0.03 max 0.04–0.11 0.03 max 0.03 max
Nitrogen ... ... ... ... 0.01–0.030 ... ...
A
When vacuum carbon-deoxidation is required by Supplementary Requirement S4, the silicon content shall be 0.12 % maximum.
B
The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, vanadium and molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 % on heat analysis.
C
The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 % on heat analysis.
D
By agreement, the limit for niobium (columbium) may be increased up to 0.05 % on heat analysis and 0.06 % on product analysis.
E
Niobium and columbium are interchangeable names for the same element and both names are acceptable for use in A01.22 specifications.

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2
A350/A350M − 18
for not less than 1⁄2 h, and remove from the furnace and cool in represented. The test material shall be treated in the same
air. Subsequently, artificially age in the range from 1000 to furnace at the same time as the forging it represents, subject to
1200 °F [540 to 650 °C] for not less than 1⁄2 h, and cool at any the requirements of 7.1.2.1.
convenient rate. 7.1.1.2 The test specimen shall represent all forgings from
5.4.3.2 Quenched-and-Precipitation Heat Treated— the same heat and heat-treatment load whose maximum thick-
Austenitize in the range from 1600 to 1725 °F [870 to 940 °C] nesses do not exceed the thickness of the test forging or blank
for not less than 1⁄2 h and quench in a suitable liquid medium by more than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm].
by immersion; artificially age in the range from 1000 to 7.1.2 Number of Tests—One tension test at room tempera-
1225 °F [540 to 665 °C] for not less than 1⁄2 h, and cool at any ture shall be made in accordance with 7.1.1.2 from each heat in
convenient rate. each heat-treatment load.
7.1.2.1 If heat treatment is performed in either a continuous
6. Chemical Composition
or a batch-type furnace controlled within 625 °F [614 °C] of
6.1 Heat Analysis: the required heat-treatment temperature and equipped with
6.1.1 A chemical heat analysis in accordance with Specifi- recording pyrometers so that complete records of heat treat-
cation A961/A961M shall be made and conform to the ment are available and if the same heat-treating cycles are used
requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1. on the forgings represented by the tension test, then one tension
Leaded steels shall not be permitted. test from each heat shall be required, instead of one tension test
6.2 Product Analysis: from each heat in each heat treatment load in accordance with
6.2.1 The purchaser may make a product analysis on prod- 7.1.1.2.
ucts supplied to this specification in accordance with Specifi- 7.1.3 Test Locations and Orientations—The test specimen

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cation A961/A961M. shall be removed from the heaviest section of the forging or
test blank, at locations described in 7.1.3.1, 7.1.3.2, 7.1.3.5 or
7. Mechanical Properties as close to these locations as practical, subject to forging size
7.1 Tension Tests: and geometry.
7.1.1 Requirements—The material shall conform to require- 7.1.3.1 For forgings or test blanks having a maximum
ments for tensile properties in Table 2. heat-treated thickness, T, of 2 in. [50 mm] or less, the
7.1.1.1 The test specimen shall be obtained from a rough or longitudinal axis of the test specimen shall be taken at
finished forging, or prolongation thereof. For forgings under mid-thickness and its mid-length shall be at least 2 in. [50 mm]
10 000 lbs, at time of heat treatment, it may be obtained from from all other heat treated surfaces, exclusive of the T
separately forged test blanks from the same heat of steel as the dimension surfaces. (This is normally referred to as 1⁄2 T by 2
production forgings. The test blank shall be reduced by forging in. [50 mm]). See Fig. 1 for test specimen location in separately
in a manner similar to that for the products represented, and forged test blanks.
shall receive approximately the same hot working and reduc- 7.1.3.2 For forgings or test blanks having a maximum
tion and the same heat treatment as the finished products heat-treated thickness, T, greater than 2 in. [50 mm]:

TABLE 2 Tensile Properties at Room TemperatureA


Grades
LF1 and LF5 LF2 LF3 LF6 LF9 LF787
Class 1 Classes Classes 1 Class 1 Classes 2 Class 2 Class 3
1 and 2 and 2 and 3
LF5
Class 2
Tensile strength, ksi [MPa] 60–85 70–95 70–95 66–91 75–100 63–88 65–85 75–95
[415–585] [485–655] [485–655] [455–630] [515–690] [435–605] [450–585] [515–655]
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa]B 30 [205] 36 [250] 37.5 [260] 52 [360] 60 [415] 46 [315] 55 [380] 65 [450]
Elongation:
Standard round specimen, or 25 22 22 22 20 25 20 20
small proportional specimen,
min % in 4D gauge length
Strip specimen for wall thickness 28 30 30 30 28 28 28 28
5⁄16 in. [7.94 mm] and over

and for all small sizes tested


in full section; min % in 2 in.
[50 mm]
Equation for calculating min 48t + 13 48t + 15 48t + 15 48t + 15 48t + 13 48t + 13 48t + 13 48t + 13
elongation for strip specimens
thinner than 5⁄16 in. [7.94 mm];
min % in 2 in. [50 mm]
t = actual thickness in inches
Reduction of area, min, %C 38 30 35 40 40 38 45 45
A
See 7.3 for hardness tests.
B
Determined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension under load method.
C
For round specimens only.

3
A350/A350M − 18
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NOTE 1—For clarity, only the Charpy V-notch specimen is shown in Figs. 1-4. The tension test specimen shall be located such that its orientation and
the mid-length location meet the same requirements as that for the Charpy V-notch test specimen shown in Figure 1.
FIG. 1 Separately Forged Test Bar for Forgings with T # 2 in. [50 mm]

(1) Except as stated in 7.1.3.2 (2) and 7.1.3.2 (3), the 7.1.3.4 The test specimen shall have its longitudinal axis
central axis of the test specimen shall be taken at least 1⁄4 T located parallel to the direction of major working of the forging
from the nearest heat-treated surface and its mid-length shall be or test blank.
at least 2 in. [50 mm] from all other heat treated surfaces, 7.1.3.5 With prior purchaser approval, tests may be taken at
exclusive of the T dimension surfaces. See Fig. 2 for test a depth (t) corresponding to the distance from the area of
specimen location in separately forged test blanks. significant loading to the nearest heat treated surface and at
(2) For quenched-and-tempered or for quenched-and- least twice this distance (2t) from any second surface.
precipitation-heat-treated forgings, the central axis of the test However, the test depth shall not be nearer to one treated
specimen shall be taken at least 1⁄4 T from the nearest heat- surface than 3⁄4 in. [19 mm] and to the second treated surface
treated surface, and the mid-length of the test specimen shall be than 11⁄2 in. [38 mm]. This method of test location would
at least T from all other heat treated surfaces, exclusive of the normally apply to contour-forged parts, or parts with thick
T dimension surfaces. See Fig. 3 for test specimen location in cross-sectional areas where 1⁄4 T × T testing (7.1.3.2) is not
separately forged test blanks. practical. Sketches showing the exact test locations shall be
(3) For quenched-and-tempered or for quenched-and- approved by the purchaser when this method is used.
precipitation–heat-treated forgings that have a W/T ratio < 2, 7.1.4 Test Method—Testing shall be performed as specified
the central axis of the test specimen shall be taken at least 1⁄4 T in Specification A961/A961M. The test specimen shall be as
from the nearest heat-treated surface, and at mid-width of the large as is practicable and shall be machined to the form and
forging, where W is the width of the forging. The test specimen dimensions in Specification A961/A961M. When seamless
mid-length shall be at least T from the ends of the forging or tubular materials are used, testing shall be performed on
test blank. See Fig. 4 for test specimen location in separately longitudinal specimens as specified in Specification A961/
forged test blank. A961M.
7.1.3.3 Metal Buffers—The required distances from heat
treated surfaces for the test locations described in 7.1.3.1 and 7.2 Impact Test:
7.1.3.2 may be obtained with metal buffers instead of integral 7.2.1 Requirements—The material shall conform to the
expansions. Buffer material may be carbon or low alloy steel, requirements for impact properties in Table 3 when tested at
and shall be joined to the forging with a partial penetration the applicable standard temperature in Table 4 within the limits
weld that seals the buffered surface. Specimens shall be located of 7.2.4.2 and 7.2.4.3. When subsize specimens are used, the
at 1⁄2 in. [13 mm] minimum from the buffered surface of the impact energy values obtained shall conform to Table 5 at
forging. Buffers shall be removed after heat treatment and the energy values proportional to standard size. Exceptions to this
welded areas subjected to magnetic particle test to assure requirement are permissible when Supplementary Requirement
freedom from cracks unless the welded areas are completely S1 is specified by the purchaser. Impact tests may be made at
removed by subsequent machining. temperatures different from those in Table 4, provided that the

4
A350/A350M − 18
TABLE 3 Charpy V-Notch Energy Requirements for Standard Size shape of the forging precludes standard size, the largest
[10 by 10 mm] Specimens obtainable subsize specimen shall be used.
Minimum Impact
Minimum Impact 7.2.4.2 Where subsize specimens are used and represent
Energy Required
for Average of
Energy Permitted forged material with thicknesses equal to or greater than
Grade for One Specimen
Each Set of Three
only of a Set, ft·lbf
0.394 in. [10 mm], and where the largest obtainable specimen
Specimens, ft·lbf has a width along the notch of at least 8 mm, such specimen
[J]
[J]
shall be tested at the temperature in Table 4. Where the largest
LF1 and LF9 13 [18] 10 [14]
LF2, Class 1 15 [20] 12 [16] obtainable specimen has a width along the notch less than
LF3, Class 1 15 [20] 12 [16] 8 mm, the temperature for testing shall be lower than the
LF5 Class 1 and 2 15 [20] 12 [16] temperature in Table 4 by the amount shown in Table 6 for the
LF787 Classes 2 and 3 15 [20] 12 [16]
LF6, Class 1 15 [20] 12 [16] actual specimen width tested.
LF2, Class 2 20 [27] 15 [20] 7.2.4.3 Where subsize specimens are used and represent
LF3, Class 2 20 [27] 15 [20] forged material with thicknesses less than 0.394 in. [10 mm],
LF6, Classes 2 and 3 20 [27] 15 [20]
and where the largest obtainable specimen has a width along
the notch of at least 80 % of the forging thickness, the
TABLE 4 Standard Impact Test Temperature for Standard Size [10 specimen shall be tested at the temperature in Table 4. Where
by 10 mm] Specimens the largest obtainable specimen has a width along the notch of
Grade Test Temperature, °F [°C] less than 80 % of the material thickness, the temperature for
LF1 −20 [−29] testing shall be lower than the temperature in Table 4 by an
LF2 Class 1 −50 [−46] amount equal to the difference (referring to Table 6) between
LF2 Class 2 −0 [−18] the temperature reduction corresponding to the thickness of the
LF3, Classes 1 and 2 −150 [−101]
LF5, Classes 1 and 2 −75 [−59] material represented, and the temperature reduction corre-
LF6, Classes 1 and 2 −60 [−51] sponding to the specimen width actually tested.
LF6, Class 3 0 [−18]
LF9 −100 [−73] 7.3 Hardness Test:
LF787, Class 2 −75 [−59] 7.3.1 Except when only one forging is produced, a mini-
LF787 Class 3 −100 [−73]
mum of two forgings shall be hardness tested per batch or
continuous run as defined in 7.1.2.1 to ensure that hardness of
TABLE 5 Minimum Equivalent Absorbed Energy ft·lbf (J) for
the forgings does not exceed 197 HBW after heat treatment for
Various Specimen SizesA mechanical properties. The hardness measurements shall be
Standard 34⁄ size 23⁄ size ⁄ size
12 ⁄ size
13 ⁄ size
14 made as specified in Specification A961/A961M. When only
Size [10 by [10 by [10 by [10 by [10 by [10 by one forging is produced, it shall be hardness tested to ensure
10 mm] 7.5 mm] 6.6 mm] 5 mm] 3.3 mm] 2.5 mm] that it meets the 197 HBW maximum of this specification. The

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15 [20] 12 [16] 10 [14] 8 [11] 5 [7] 4 [6] purchaser may verify that this requirement has been met by
13 [18] 10 [14] 9 [12] 7 [10] 5 [7] 4 [6]
12 [16] 10 [14] 9 [12] 7 [10] 4 [6] 3 [5] testing at any location on the forging, provided that such
10 [14] 8 [11] 7 [10] 5 [7] 3 [5] 3 [5] testing does not render the forging useless.
A
Straight-line interpolation for intermediate values is permitted.
8. Hydrostatic Test
8.1 Forgings manufactured under this specification shall be
capable of passing a hydrostatic test compatible with the rating
test temperature is at least as low as the intended service
TABLE 6 Charpy Impact Test Temperature Reduction Below Table
temperature, and that the forging is suitably marked to identify 4 Test Temperature when the Subsize Charpy Impact Width along
the reported test temperature. Notch is Less than 80% of the Forging Thickness
7.2.1.1 The test specimens shall be machined from material Thickness of the
obtained as in 7.1. Material Represented
Temperature
7.2.2 Number of Tests—Three specimens shall constitute (see 7.2.4.3), or
Size of Bar Reduction,
Charpy, Impact
one test set. There shall be the same number of test sets as Specimen Width Along
°F [°C]
tension tests in 7.1.2. the NotchA , in. [mm]
7.2.3 Test Locations and Orientations—The test specimen Standard 0.394 [10] 0 [0]
Standard 0.354 [9] 0 [0]
shall be located and oriented as described in 7.1.3. The area
Standard 0.315 [8] 0 [0]
under the notch of the impact test specimen shall be used to 3⁄4-size 0.295 [7.5] 5 [3]
locate the specimen with respect to the second heat-treated 3⁄4-size 0.276 [7] 8 [5]
2⁄3-size 0.262 [6.67] 10 [6]
surface. The base of the notch shall be perpendicular to the 2⁄3-size 0.236 [6] 15 [8]
nearest heat-treated surface. 1⁄2-size 0.197 [5] 20 [11]
7.2.4 Test Method—The notched bar impact test shall be 1⁄2-size 0.158 [4] 30 [17]
1⁄3-size 0.131 [3.33] 35 [20]
made in accordance with the procedure for the Charpy V-notch 1⁄3-size 0.118 [3] 40 [22]
type test as specified in Specification A961/A961M. 1⁄4-size 0.099 [2.5] 50 [28]
7.2.4.1 Standard size specimens shall be used for the impact A
Straight-line interpolation for intermediate values is permitted.
test. Where the material is of insufficient thickness, or the

5
A350/A350M − 18

FIG. 2 Separately Forged Test Bar for Forgings with T > 2 in. [50 mm] and Not Quenched and Tempered
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FIG. 3 Separately Forged Test Blank for Forgings with T > 2 in. [50 mm] and Quenched and Tempered or Quenched and Precipitation-
Heat Treated

of the finished item. Such tests shall be conducted by the

6
A350/A350M − 18

FIG. 4 Separately Forged Test Bar for Forgings with T > 2 in. [50 mm] and W/T Ratio < 2 and Quenched and Tempered or Quenched
and Precipitation-Heat Treated
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manufacturer only when Supplementary Requirement S57 of normal to the weld surface. Weld specimens shall have the
Specification A961/A961M is specified. notch in weld metal and heat-affected zone specimens shall
have the notch in the heat-affected zone. The specimens shall
9. Surface Finish, Appearance, and Corrosion Protection be as large as permitted by the weldment thickness. Where
9.1 Forgings and finished parts shall conform to the require- full-size specimens can be obtained and where there is suffi-
ments of Specification A961/A961M. cient weldment thickness, the weld specimen shall be taken
with one side of the specimen within 1⁄16 in. [1.6 mm] of the
10. Retests weld surface. Heat-affected zone impact test specimens shall
10.1 If any test specimen shows flaws or defective be taken at the same depth and locations applicable to the
machining, it may be discarded and another specimen substi- forging in 7.1.3.1 and 7.1.3.2. When forgings are thermally
tuted. treated after repair welding, the weld procedure test plate shall
be subjected to the same thermal treatment. The mechanical
11. Rework and Retreatment properties of the weld procedure qualification test shall con-
11.1 If the results of the mechanical tests do not conform to form to Section 7.
the requirements specified, the manufacturer may reheat treat 11.3.2 Defects shall be completely removed by chipping or
the forgings represented, and shall retest to the applicable grinding to sound metal as verified by magnetic particle, or
requirements. liquid penetrant inspection prior to welding.
11.2 Individually tested forgings meeting all requirements 11.3.3 For Grade LF1 forgings, and LF2 forgings that are to
shall be acceptable. be only stress-relieved after repair welding, the weld metal
11.3 Repair by Welding—Weld repairs shall be permitted shall be deposited using carbon steel electrodes E 7015, E
(see Supplementary Requirement S58 of Specification A961/ 7016, or E 7018, complying with AWS A 5.1. For Grade LF2
A961M) at the discretion of the manufacturer with the follow- forgings in all other conditions of post-weld heat treatment, the
ing limitations and requirements: weld metal shall be deposited using low-alloy steel electrodes
11.3.1 Repair by welding shall be made using welding E 7015-A1; E 7016-A1, or E 7018-A1 complying with AWS
procedures and welders qualified in accordance with ASME 5.5; for Grade LF3 forgings the weld metal shall be deposited
Section IX of the Code. The weld procedure qualification test using low-alloy steel electrodes E 8016-C2 or E 8018-C2
shall also include impact tests of the weld metal and heat- complying with AWS A 5.5; for Grades LF5, LF9, and LF787
affected zone. All impact test specimens shall have the longi- forgings, the weld metal shall be deposited using low-alloy
tudinal axis transverse to the weld and the base of the notch steel electrodes E 8016-C1 or E 8018-C1 complying with AWS

7
A350/A350M − 18
A 5.5. For Grade LF6, the electrodes shall be low-hydrogen, 14.1.5 Impact test results, 7.2 (Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, and
E-XX15, E-XX16, or E-XX18 complying with AWS A 5.1 or Table 6),
A 5.5, as applicable. 14.1.6 Hardness results, 7.3.1, and
11.3.4 After repair welding, the area welded shall be com- 14.1.7 Any supplementary testing required by the purchase
pletely free of defects as verified by magnetic particle or liquid order.
penetrant inspection.
15. Product Marking
11.3.5 Forgings repair welded in the normalized, normal-
ized and tempered, or the quenched and tempered conditions 15.1 In addition to the marking requirements of Specifica-
shall be stress-relieved after repair welding at 1100 °F [590 °C] tion A961/A961M, the following additional requirements shall
minimum, but not higher than the temperature previously used apply:
for tempering the base metal of the same forging, or shall be 15.1.1 If the forgings have been quenched and tempered or
reheat treated in accordance with 5.4. quenched-and-precipitation heat treated, the letters QT shall be
11.3.6 When the purchaser specifies Supplementary Re- stamped on the forgings following the ASTM designation.
quirement S5, the same requirements shall apply to the weld 15.1.2 Forgings repaired by welding shall be marked with
procedure qualification tests. the letter W following the ASTM designation.
11.3.7 Repair by welding shall not exceed 10 % of the 15.1.3 If identification stamps are objectionable and detri-
surface area of the forging or 331⁄3 % of the wall thickness of mental to the forging, and when so stated on the purchase
the finished forging, or 3⁄8 in. [9.5 mm], whichever is less, order, the marks may be painted or stenciled on the forging, or
without prior approval of the purchaser. stamped on a metal or plastic tag which shall be securely
11.3.8 When approval of the purchaser is obtained, the attached to the forging.
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limitations set forth in 11.3.7 may be exceeded, but all other 15.1.4 Additional marks shall be used as necessary to
requirements of 11.3 shall apply. identify the part with the test report.
15.1.5 If the test temperature is other than the standard
12. Inspection temperature specified in Table 4, the mark shall also include
the suffix letter S to the grade and class and the test tempera-
12.1 Inspection provisions of Specification A961/A961M
ture. A prefix 0 to the test temperature shall indicate a less than
shall apply.
0 °F [–18 °C] value. For example, LF2S 0175 denotes a test
temperature of –175 °F [–115 °C] for an LF2 part.
13. Rejection and Rehearing
15.1.6 Parts meeting all requirements for more than one
13.1 Purchaser shall comply with provisions of Specifica- class may be marked with more than one class such as LF2
tion A961/A961M. CL1/C12; LF5 CL1/CL2, and so forth.
15.2 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 15.1,
14. Certification
bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental identification
14.1 In addition to the requirements of Specification A961/ method. The purchaser may specify in the order a specific bar
A961M, test reports shall be furnished to the purchaser or his coding system to be used. The bar coding system, if applied at
representative. Test reports shall provide the following where the discretion of the supplier, should be consistent with one of
applicable: the published industry standards for bar coding. If used on
14.1.1 Type heat treatment, Section 5, small parts, the bar code may be applied to the box or a
14.1.2 Chemical analysis results, Section 6 (Table 1), re- substantially applied tag.
ported results shall be to the same number of significant figures
as the limits specified in Table 1 for that element, 16. Keywords
14.1.3 Product analysis results, 6.2 (Table 1), 16.1 carbon equivalent; pipe fittings, steel; piping applica-
14.1.4 Tensile property results, Section 7 (Table 2) report tions; pressure containing parts; steel flanges; steel forgings,
the yield strength and ultimate strength, in ksi [MPa], elonga- alloy; steel forgings, carbon; steel valves; temperature service
tion and reduction in area, in percent, applications, low

8
A350/A350M − 18
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

In addition to any supplementary requirements of Specification A961/A961M, the following


supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the order:

S1. Other Impact Test Temperatures S4. Vacuum Carbon-Deoxidized Steels


S1.1 Impact test temperatures lower or higher than the S4.1 Material made to Grades LF1, LF2, LF3, LF5, and LF9
standard temperature in Table 4 of this specification shall be shall be vacuum carbon-deoxidized, in which case the silicon
used. content shall be 0.12 % maximum. The test report shall
S1.1.1 When higher test temperatures are employed, the indicate that the steel was vacuum carbon-deoxidized.
actual test temperature may not be higher than that given in
Table S1.1.1. S5. Special Impact Test Requirements for Flanges (Note
S1.2 The test temperature shall be specified by the pur- S5.1)
chaser. When subsize specimens are used, the manufacturer S5.1 Charpy test specimens shall be cut from an actual
shall adjust the test temperature in accordance with the size flange representing each size, heat, and heat-treatment lot. If
restrictions of 7.2.4.2 and 7.2.4.3. more than one size flange is represented by the same heat and
S1.3 The forging shall be marked with the specified test heat-treatment lot, the maximum size flange shall be consid-
temperature in accordance with 15.1.5. A lower temperature ered representative.
shall not be marked on the forging because of the use of S5.2 The number, location, and orientation of the test
subsize specimens. specimens shall be stated on the order.
S1.4 The test results shall comply with Table 3 for standard S5.3 The test results shall comply with Table 3 for standard
size specimens, and with Table 5 for subsize specimens. size specimens, and with Table 5 for subsize specimens.
NOTE S5.1—These special requirements should be considered for
S2. Stress-Relieved Test Specimens services when the applied stresses approach the maximum permissible
limits of the governing code, or the installation is subject to severe cyclic
S2.1 The test specimens shall be stress relieved. Stress conditions (7000 or more cycles over the expected life of the installation),
relieving shall be done after heat treatment in 5.4 and before or both.
machining the specimens from the heat-treated test material.
S2.2 The purchaser shall furnish the forging manufacturer S6. Carbon Equivalent
with details of the stress-relief treatment desired. S6.1 The maximum carbon equivalent based on heat analy-
S3. Lateral Expansion sis shall be as shown in Table S6.1.

S3.1 Lateral expansion of the Charpy V-notch test shall be


measured and reported. TABLE S6.1 Maximum Carbon Equivalent Value
Max. Thickness Less Max. Thickness
Grade
TABLE S1.1.1 Maximum Supplemental Test Temperatures Than or Equal to 2 in. Greater Than 2 in.
LF1 0.45 0.46
Grade Maximum Test Temperature, °F [°C]
LF2 CL1 and CL2 0.47 0.48
LF1 −10 [−23] LF6 CL1 0.45 0.46
LF2, Class 1 −35 [−37] LF6 CL2 0.47 0.48
LF3, Classes 1 and 2 −125 [−87]
LF5, Classes 1 and 2 −60 [−51]
LF6, Classes 1 and 2 −40 [−40]
LF9 −80 [−62]
LF787, Class 2 −60 [−51] S6.2 Determine the carbon equivalent (CE) as follows:
LF787, Class 3 −80 [−62] CE = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15
LF2 Class 2 +10 [−12]
LF6 Class 3 +10 [−12] S6.3 A lower maximum carbon equivalent may be agreed
upon between the supplier and the purchaser. --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

9
A350/A350M − 18
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue
(A350/A350M – 17) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2018.)

(1) Revised Table 2 Note C to refer to reduction of area rather


than yield strength.

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

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if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
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10

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