2020-2021

Final Revision
Advanced techniques

Beso
 NOTS
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 choose the correct answer
1- Molar absorbtivities of compounds exhibiting charge
transfer absorption are
A. small
B. moderate
C. large
D. none of these
2-Molar absorbtivity is the measure of the
A. amount of light absorbed per unit length
B. amount of light absorbed per unit concentration
C. amount of light reflected and absorbed per unit
concentration
D. None of the above
3-Beer's Law states that
A. absorbance is proportional to both the path length and
concentration of the absorbing
species
B. absorbance is proportional to the log of the concentration of
the absorbing species
C. absorbance is equal to P/p
D. none of the above
4-ibrational spectroscopy is
in an SDS-PAGE
A. a large mass on a weak spring
B. a flashlight through a prism and shake it
C. a class of spectroscopic techniques which analyzes molecular
motions
D. an Infrared spectroscopy
5-in an SDS-PAGE
A. proteins are denatured by the SDS
B. proteins have the same charge-to-mass ratio
C. smaller proteins migrate more rapidly through the gel
D. all of the above
6-Proteins can be visualized directly in gels by
A. staining them with the dye
B. using electron microscope only
C. measuring their molecular weight
D. none of these
7-n SDS-PAGE, the protein sample is first
A. treated with a reducing agent and then with anionic
detergent followed by
fractionation by electrophoresis
B. fractionated by electrophoresis then treated with an
oxidizing agent followed
by anionic detergent.
C. treated with a oxidizing agent and then with anionic
detergent followed by
fractionation by electrophoresis
D. none of the above
8-In isoelectric focusing, proteins are separated on the basis
of their
A. relative content of positively charged residue only
B. relative content of negatively charged residue only
C. size
D. relative content of positively and negatively charged residue
9-In a gel filtration column
A. smaller proteins enter the beads more readily
B. large proteins elute first
C. both (a) and (b)
D. large proteins enter the beads more readily
10-In a native PAGE, proteins are separated on the basis of
A. net negative charge
B. net charge and size
C. net positive charges size
D. net positive charge
11-Proteins are separated in an SDS-PAGE experiment on the
basis of their
A. positively charged side chains
B molecular weight.
C. negatively charged side chains
D. different isoelectric points
12-Which of these effects result from slow injection of a large
sample volume?
A. Increased resolution
B. Decreased resolution
C. Non-linear detector response
D. Constant resolution
13-the GC trace obtained after an experiment is called a
A. chromatograph
B. chromatogram
C. chromatophore
D. graph
14- Which of the following detectors give concentration-
dependent signals?
A. Electron-capture detector
B. Thermal conductivity
C. Infra-red detector
D. All of these
15-What useful information can be found from a Van Deemter
plot?
A. The selectivity factor
B. Optimum mobile phase flow rate
C. Optimum column temperature
D. Optimum column length
16-Resolution is proportional to the
A. number of theoretical plates in a column
B. square root of the number of theoretical plates in a column
C. square of the number of theoretical plates in a column
D. cube root of the number of theoretical plates in a column
17-Which of the following detectors give concentration-
dependent signals?
A. Electron-capture detector
B. Thermal conductivity
C. Infra-red detector
D. All of these
18-What useful information can be found from a Van Deemter
plot?
A. The selectivity factor
B. Optimum mobile phase flow rate
C. Optimum column temperature
D. Optimum column length
19-What is the typical internal diameter of fused silica
capillary columns?
A. 0.2-0.3 mm
B. 0.3-0.5mm
C. 0.5-1.0 mm
D. 1.0-2.0 mm
20-Which of the statements is correct?
A. Gas chromatography is used to analyse gases
B. Gas chromatography is used to analyse solids
C. Gas chromatography is used to analyse gases, solutions and
solids
D. All of the above
21-In column switching chromatography
A. compounds trapped on one column are eluted to another
column
B. one column is removed and replaced by another
C. the flow to the column is switched on and off repeatedly
D. any of the above
22-Split injection is carried out by
A. splitting the sample into smaller portions to inject
sequentially
B. splitting the sample into smaller portions to inject at the
same time through
parallel ports
C. splitting off some of the sample so that it does not enter the
column
D. none of the above
23-What does the selectivity factor describe?
A. The proportional difference in widths of two
chromatographic peaks
B. The maximum number of different species which a column
can separate
simultaneously
C. The relative separation achieved between two species
D. None of the above
24-The column is heated to
A. prevent analyte condensation within the column
B. control elution of the different analytes
C. reduce band broadening to get sharper peaks
D. all of these
25-What are the benefits of decreasing the column internal
diameter?
A. Increased sample capacity
B. Increased resolution
C. Reduced risk of column overloading
D. All of the above
26-Thin layer chromatography is
A. partition chromatography
B. electrical mobility of ionic species
C. adsorption chromatography
D. none of the above
27-In gas chromatography, the basis for separation of the
components of the volatile material is the difference in
A. partition coefficients
B. conductivity
C. molecular weight
D. molarity
28-In reverse phase chromatography, the stationary phase is
made
A. non-polar
B. polar
C. either non-polar or polar
D. none of thes
29-Ion exchange chromatography is based on the
A. electrostatic attraction
B. electrical mobility of ionic species
C. adsorption chromatography
D. partition chromatography
30-A combination of paper chromatography and
electrophoresis involves
A. partition chromatography
B. electrical mobility of the ionic species
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of these
31- HPLC stands for
A. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography
B. High Performance Liquid Chromatography
C. both (a) and (b)
D. Highly Placed Liquid Chromatography
32- The eluent strength is a measure of
A. solvent adsorption energy
B. solvent absorption energy
C. solvent diffusivity
33-HPLC methods include
A. liquid/liquid (partition) chromatography
B. liquid/solid (adsorption) chromatography
C. ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography
D. all of the above
34-An isocratic elution in HPLC is one in which the
composition of the solvent
A. remains constant
B. changes continuously
C. changes in a series of steps
D. none of these
35- reversed phase HPLC, there is a
A. non polar solvent/polar column
B. polar solvent/non-polar column
C. non polar solvent/non-polar column
D. any of the above
36-Which of the following statements is true for a refractive
index detector in HPLC ?
A. It is more sensitive than a UV detector
B. It can only be used for isocratic elutions
C. It does not respond to many solutes
D. none of above
37-A gradient elution in HPLC is one in which the composition
of the solvent
A. remains constant
B. is changed continuously or in a series of steps
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of the above
38-In normal phase HPLC, there is a
A. non polar solvent/polar column
B. polar solvent/non-polar column
C. non polar solvent/non-polar column
D. any of the above
39-Which of the following(s) is/are the advantage of HPLC
over traditional LPLC (low-pressure liquid chromatography)?
A. Greater sensitivity and reusable columns
B. Ideal for ionic species and large molecules
C. Sample recovery
D. All of the above
40- Which can be used as a mobile phase in HPLC applications?
A. Any compound with solubility in liquid
B.Any compound with limited solubility in liquid
C.Any compound with non-solubility in liquid
D. Any of the above
what the component of affinity chromatography?
❖ Antigen
❖ Antibody specific for the antigen
❖ antibody specifity or different
❖ inert matrix
❖ nonAntibody protein
 what the component of HPLC ?
 Pump-Mobil phase
 B.Syring-injection part
 Column-column oven
 Detector-display
what are Support for Every Analytical Method
❖ HPLC Analysis
❖ LC/MS & UHPLC Analysis
❖ Gas Chromatography Analysis
❖ Ion Chromatography Analysis
❖ Thin-layer & Flash Chromatography Analysis Sample
Preparation & Solid Phase Extraction
WHAT are PRINCIPAL types of HPLC affinity
 ionExchange
 exclusion
 adsorpation
45-what are types of electrophoresis ? (vip)
46- diagrame of Spectroscopy methodology ? (vip)
 - Complete –
1- full name of HPLC.…high performance liquid chromatography……
2- full name of NMR….. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy………
3- full name of XRD …X-ray diffraction……………
3- high performance Liquid chromatography used to…separate
component of mixture by using chemical interaction…betweena nalyzed
substance and chromatography column
4-- electrophoresis is…the movement of charged ions…and in an electric field.
5-- gel electrophoresis used to separation of protein and nucleic acid
6-Solid State Techniques Analyzing the solid material
7- NMR is particularly useful for …cations…that can not be
distinguished by …X-ray methods ….
8- … … X-ray diffraction.. is one of the most powerful tools for
mineral identification, structural/chemical refinement,
and size determination
9- Optical techniques are another very powerful tool for mineral
identification, identification of physical/ chemical ‘history’
10- Spectroscopy is absorbed and reflected, transmitted, or
refracted changes the info and is determined by different
techniques
11- Spectroscopy – different methods of studying how
different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are affected by minerals
12- Electron microscopy techniques which utilize how electrons interact
with Material minerals and imaging possible to very small
sizes
13- Scanned-proximity probe microscopy techniques – look at forces
between probe tip and sample to measure height, optical
absorption, magnetism
14- Gas Chromatography Analysis…extraction performance, product
stability and interference-free results
15 -…LC/MS & UHPLC Analysis the most demanding research and
testing applications analytical
16- …Thin-layer & Flash Chromatography Analysis…. excellent separations
on relatively simple equipment
17- …..… Sample Preparation & Solid Phase
Extraction….extract and purify a wider variety of sample
components .
18- some quantity that is proportional to the amount of
analyte in the sample, such as………mass, volume, intensity of light
or electrical charge……..
19- …Gravimetric methods…………determine the mass of the
related to it. analyte or some compound chemically
20-… Electroanalytical methods...used to measure electrical
properties as voltage, current, resistance, and quantity of
electrical charge.
21-…. Spectroscopic methods… are based on measurement of
the…interaction between electromagnetic radiation and
analyte atoms or molecules or on the production of such
radiation by analytes.
22- paper chromatography is useful for…separation of mixture
of aminoacid, suar,lipid, urea and some drugs
23- in analytical biochemistray uses instruments……and used
to separate, identifyqualify biomolecules………………
24- analytical techniques used to deteramine concentration of
chemical compound……
25- in the ions exchanges chromatography positive charge
attached to…anion…….while negative attached to….cation….
26- water phase( ..aquous…) while mobilephase(….organic )
 Questions
1-mentions the two Analytical measurments Chemists of a
typical quantitative analysis :-
mass or the volume of sample
measurement of some quantity that is proportional to the
amount of analyte
2-Enumerates methods of measurments :-
Chemists quantitative analysis Gravimetric methods
Volumetric method, Electroanalytical methods
Spectroscopic methods.
3- mention of miscellaneous methods :-
mass spectrometry,
rate of radioactive decay,
heat of reaction,
rate of reaction,
sample thermal conductivity,
optical activity,
refractive index.
4- Enumerates analytical biochemistray Techniques:-
Chromatography
Electrophoresis
Spectrophotometer
Centrifugation
Enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELIZA)
5- what the principal of paper Chromatography ?
FILTER PAPER are used to support astationary water
phase( aquous) while mobile phase(organic)move
down suspended paper strip in acylinder
6-How to calculated resolution factor ?
resolution factor:-
distance by solute|distance by solvent
7-what the principal of ions exchange ?
separation of molecule on basis of their electric charge.

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