Instructional Modules

INSTRUCTIONAL MODULES
 Modular Teaching is one of the most widespread and recognizes teaching learning
techniques.
 Modular is used in all most all subjects like Natural Science, especially in Biology and
Medical Education and even in Social Science as well as in Computer Education.
 “An instructional module is a self contained and self sufficient unit of instruction for the
learner to achieve a set of objectives.”
CHARACTERISTICS
 IT SHOULD BE INDEPENDENT
 SELF CONTAINED
 SELF INSTRUCTIONAL
 WELL DEFINED
 CLEARLY DEFINED OBJECTIVES
 CONCERN INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
 SYSTEMATICALLY ORGANIZED LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES.
 UTILIZATION OF VARIETY OF MEDIA.
 ACTIVE PARTICIPATION BY LEARNER.
COMPONENTS OF MODULE
1.TITLE
 THE TITLE OF THE MODULE SHOULD BE CLEAR

2.INTRODUCTION
 BACKGROUND
3.OVERVIEW
 The overview introduces the learner to the theme of the module, its purpose,
organization and uses.
4.INSTRUCTION TO THE USERS
 To provide clear instruction to the learner as to how he should proceed, and what he has
to do after each step.
5.PRE TEST
 A PRE-TEST IS GIVEN AT THE BEGINNING.

6.OBJECTIVES
 The instructional objectives of the module should be clearly stated.

7.LEARNING ACTIVITIES
 Learning activities enable the learner to develop behaviour in predetermined direction.

8.FORMATIVE TESTS
 Formative Tests are given at the end of each learning unit/learning activity.
9.SUMMATIVE EVALUATION
 The summative evaluation is done with the help of post test.

ADVANTAGES
 LEARNING BECAME MORE EFFECTIVE.

 It establishes a system of assessment other than marks or guide.
 Modules can be administrated to single use, small group or large group.
 It is more appropriate to mature students.
DISADVANTAGES
• MODULES ARE ECONOMICAL IN THEIR USE
• APPROPRIATE ONLY FOR MATURED STUDENTS
• TIME CONSUMING
• THIS METHODS DEMANDS SMART CLASSROOMS.
CONCLUSION
When we analysing the modular method of teaching, we can understand that this is more
effective, recent and more technology based teaching method in the present educational field.
Use Community Resources to Improve Teaching and Learning
Look for Community Resources
Teachers, administrators, and community agencies are always looking for ways to create and
foster partnerships. School budgets are getting smaller and smaller. Therefore searching for
additional resources is the norm these days. Schools need more money and services to
improve the lives of their students. Here are a few ideas of where to search for additional
community resources.
Your first resource is parents and community members. Parental engagement is vital to a
successful school. Sometimes it is difficult to get parents to participate due to work schedules,
childcare, and other obligations. However, for those parents who can participate welcome them
with open arms. Also, reach out to community members to volunteer or donate resources to
your school. The school is a big part of the community it is located, so developing relationships
with your neighbors can reap excellent rewards.
Social Service Agencies & Universities
Every community has social service agencies. They offer many different services that can
benefit your students. Often, the institutions provide services for housing, mental health
counseling, medical or legal services. Many of the agencies want working relationships with
schools. They look at it as an opportunity to increase their outreach to community members.
Do not overlook colleges and universities. Like social service agencies, higher education
institutions want to build external relationships with schools and community members. Many
colleges require students to participate in community service projects. Some college
departments require students to fulfill internships.
Internships
For example, students who major in social work must complete a counseling internship. If your
students are in need of social work services, an intern may be a way to fulfill the need without
breaking the bank. If you’re looking to market your school, marketing majors must complete
portfolios. Perhaps the marketing student can be the senior project. Think about these two
examples because they are free to you. Of course, you may have other ideas, but this is a start.
Student Leaders & Small Businesses
Another example that may be helpful is, in some states high school students are required to do
community service. Your school and students are a part of the community! Recruit some high
school students to become tutors for after school or extracurricular programs. Contact the local
high school to get more information about the community service requirements for students.
Also, don’t forget about your own student leaders. If you have a student council, give the kids a
fundraising project.
Small business can provide some additional resources, too. Many small business owners are
willing to help your school. Sometimes they’re willing to donate school or office supplies. They
can provide raffle gifts for special events. Or they may offer an appreciation breakfast or lunch
for the staff or parents. Many times, a small business will sponsor an event or sports team.
Every act of kindness or donation helps.
Senior Citizens and Church Congregations
Don’t forget about retired or senior members of the community. Senior Citizens are very giving
of their time. They will volunteer in your school by helping teachers in the classroom, tutoring
students, or helping in the main office. Most cities or states have a Department of Aging. This
agency may be able to give you the contact information of retirement homes or groups you can
speak with regarding volunteering.
Lastly, another resource is local churches. Congregations have a spirit of giving. There is an
organization in Chicago called One Church One School. This group supports churches in
developing relationships with local schools. Church members are willing to do coat drives, food
drives, school supply giveaways and more. Research the names of nearby churches. Then call
the church office or ministerial staff for more information.
Using community resources to support teaching and learning is a wonderful way to develop
external partnerships and additional relationships. Think of your school as the hub of the
community and connect to people, businesses, agencies, and organizations who believe in
passing it forward.
The community as a learning resource
The community is the best of learning resource to the social studies teacher. Learning
experiences that take place in the community museums, institutions, and organizations,
historical and cultural sites as well as in the natural environment addresses different learning
styles of students as well as enhance motivation and connect classroom learning to real world
Educational trips beyond the regular classroom are intended to add meaning, vitality and
interest to classroom experiences. They encourage students to become active learners, and
provide a way of related theoretical study to practical problems in the real world. This enhances
the learning experience. The teaching and learning of social studies should not therefore be
confined to the four walls of the classroom because every community, however, small, has
resources that can be used to strengthen social studies education (Talabi, 2003). As Parker
(2001:289) points out “it is in the local community that the teacher sow the seeds of a life-time
study of human society”.
REFERENCES:
https://www.slideshare.net/Nilsa1991/instructional-module
https://www.teachandtaketime4u.com/2018/01/13/use-community-resources-to-improve-
teaching-and-learning/
http://www.eajournals.org/wp-content/uploads/BRIDGI1.pdf

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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULES

 THE TITLE OF THE MODULE SHOULD BE CLEAR

 A PRE-TEST IS GIVEN AT THE BEGINNING.

 The instructional objectives of the module should be clearly stated.

 Learning activities enable the learner to develop behaviour in predetermined direction.

 The summative evaluation is done with the help of post test.

 LEARNING BECAME MORE EFFECTIVE.

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