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    Impermeability in Concrete

    Uploaded by

    Belhaj Amira
    The document discusses factors that influence the impermeability of concrete, including porosity, water-cement ratio, mix design, processing, and cracks. It describes different types of pores in concrete - gel pores, capillary pores, entrained air voids, and compaction pores - and how they each impact impermeability. A high water-cement ratio is identified as having a particularly strong negative effect on impermeability by increasing the volume of porous capillary pores in the cement stone. The document also notes some methods to improve impermeability, such as using a superplasticizer or microsilica to allow for a lower water-cement ratio.

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    Impermeability in Concrete

    Uploaded by

    Belhaj Amira
    105 views7 pages
    The document discusses factors that influence the impermeability of concrete, including porosity, water-cement ratio, mix design, processing, and cracks. It describes different types of pores in concrete - gel pores, capillary pores, entrained air voids, and compaction pores - and how they each impact impermeability. A high water-cement ratio is identified as having a particularly strong negative effect on impermeability by increasing the volume of porous capillary pores in the cement stone. The document also notes some methods to improve impermeability, such as using a superplasticizer or microsilica to allow for a lower water-cement ratio.

    Original Description:

    Impermeability in concrete-Sika

    Original Title

    Impermeability in concrete

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    The document discusses factors that influence the impermeability of concrete, including porosity, water-cement ratio, mix design, processing, and cracks. It describes different types of pores in concrete - gel pores, capillary pores, entrained air voids, and compaction pores - and how they each impact impermeability. A high water-cement ratio is identified as having a particularly strong negative effect on impermeability by increasing the volume of porous capillary pores in the cement stone. The document also notes some methods to improve impermeability, such as using a superplasticizer or microsilica to allow for a lower water-cement ratio.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    105 views7 pages

    Impermeability in Concrete

    Uploaded by

    Belhaj Amira
    The document discusses factors that influence the impermeability of concrete, including porosity, water-cement ratio, mix design, processing, and cracks. It describes different types of pores in concrete - gel pores, capillary pores, entrained air voids, and compaction pores - and how they each impact impermeability. A high water-cement ratio is identified as having a particularly strong negative effect on impermeability by increasing the volume of porous capillary pores in the cement stone. The document also notes some methods to improve impermeability, such as using a superplasticizer or microsilica to allow for a lower water-cement ratio.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Impermeability

    The durability of concrete is essentially determined by its


    resistance against the penetration of liquid or gaseous
    pollutants, i.e. the more dense the hardened cement paste, the
    more durable is the concrete.

    Impermeability influencing factors:


    Porosity (kind and quantity)
    Water/ cement ratio
    Mix design
    Processing on site
    Cracks

    X >
    Impermeability
    Porosity- different kinds of pores:

    Gel pores
    Size 2 to 4 x 10-6 mm content: ca. 26 %
    Description: - Gel pores are merged in the cement stone
    - Have no influence on impermeability
    - The quantity depends on the cement content and
    degree of hydration

    Capillary pores
    Size 10-5 to 10-3 mm content: dependent on w/c
    ratio
    Description: - Capillary pores are formed by overdosed water
    - Have a negative influence on impermeability
    - The quantity depends on the water/cement ratio

    < X >
    Impermeability
    Porosity- different kinds of pores:

    Entrained air voids


    Size 0.02 to 0.30 mm content: dependent on
    dosage
    Description: - Are artificially introduced
    - Have a positive influence on impermeability
    (interruption of the capillaries)
    - The quantity depends on the dosage of air
    entrainers

    Compaction pores
    Size 0.5 to 10 mm content: dependent on
    processing
    Description: - Develop due to insufficient (wrong) compaction
    - Have a strong negative influence on impermeability

    < X >
    Impermeability
    Porosity vs. water/cement ratio:

    Content of capillary water in % of


    Content of capillary water at rising w/c ratio
    the cement stone volume 70

    60 ∆ between w/c 0.5


    and 0.6 ca. 10%!
    50

    40

    30

    20

    10

    0
    0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5

    w/c ratio

    < X >
    Impermeability
    Impermeability- influence of the w/c ratio:

    •In cement stone bound water


    •Capillary water

    Surface moisture (relevant for w/c ratio)


    Adsorption (not relevant for w/c ratio)

    Total moisture of the aggregates

    < X >
    Impermeability
    Impermeability- influence of the concrete mix design

    Avoid high water/cement ratios


    ⇒ use of superplasticizer:
    Sika® ViscoCrete®
    Sikament®
    SikaPlast®
    • Selection of a suitable cement
    • Selection of the right cement quantity
    • Guarantee a good workability
    • Application of microsilica: SikaFume®

    < X >
    Impermeability
    Impermeability- influence of cracks

    Shrinkage cracks
    Static cracks:
    Are usually construction penetrating cracks and are not
    concrete technology based

    < X

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