The Egyptian Heaven & Hell Volume II - E A Wallis Budge

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JBool?5 on lEoppt an5 (Ibal&aea
Vol. XXI. OF THE SERIES
THE
EGYPTIAN HEAVEN AND HELL
Vol. II.
THE SHORT FORM of the BOOK AM-JUAT

AND
THE BOOK OF GATES

BOOKS ON EGYPT AND CHALDAEA.
Vol. I. EGYPTIAN RELIGION.

Vol. II. --EGYPTIAN MAGIC.
Vol. III. -EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE.
Vol. IV. -BABYLONIAN RELIGION.
Vol. V. -ASSYRIAN LANGUAGE.
Vol. VI. -BOOK OF THE DEAD, vol. i.
Vol. VII. - „ „ ,, vol. ii.
Vol. VIII. - ,, ,, ,, vol. iii.

Vol. IX. HISTORY OF EGYPT, vol. i-
Vol. X. vol. ii.
Vol. XI. vol. iii.
Vol. XII. vol. iv.
Vol. XIII. ,, vol. V.
Vol. XIV. „ vol. vi.
Vol. XV. ,, vol. vii.
Vol. XVI. „ vol. viii.
Vol. XVII. -THE DECREES OF MEMPHIS AND
CANOPUS-THE ROSETTA STONE, vol. i.
Veil. XVIII. -THE DECREES OF MEMPHIS AND

CANOPUS-THE ROSETTA STONE, vol. ii.
Vol. XIX. -THE DECREES OF MEMPHIS AND

CANOPUS-THE STELE OF CANOPUS,
vol. iii.
Vol. XX. -EGYPTIAN HEAVEN AND HELL, vol. i.
Vol. XXI.- ,, ,. ,, vol. ii.

Vol. XXII.- ,, >> vol. iii.
Vol. XXIII. -BABYLONIAN MAGIC. Ihi prepara/ioi,:}
FttU l'roi<pecttvsi on application.
KEG AN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO. Ltd.

Dryden House, Gerrard Street, London, \V.
1Boo\\B on iBG^pt atib (Tbalbaea
THE
EGYPTIAN HEAVEN AND HELL
E. A. WALLTS BUDGE, M.A., Litt.D., D.Litt., D.Lit.

KEEPEK OF THE EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES
IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM
VOL. II.
THE SHORT FORM of the BOOK AM-TUAT

AND
THE BOOK OF GATES
LONDON
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO. Ltd.
Dryden House, 43, Gerrard Street, W.
1905
[/J// rights resetved'\
I.OSUDy
PUIMKl) TIV GII.IIKIIT AM) JilMNIiTON t.nMTKn
NT. John's hoi'sk, ti.KKKKNWFt.t., F.r.
I SSI
NOTE
This volume is the second of a series of three volumes which
treat of the Egyptian Heaven and Hell. It contains the
complete hieroglyphic text of the Sumniar}', or short form of
theBook Am-Tuat, and the complete hierogl3'phic text of the
Book of Gates, with translations and reproductions of all the
illustrations. A series of Chapters dealing with the origin and
contents of Books of the Other World, with prefatory remarks,
and a full index to the whole work, will be found in the third
volume.
48r2C'57
CONTENTS
From the Sarcuphagus of

The
The
(Goddess Nut.
Seti I. .....
Short Form of the Jjook Am-Tuat
• Froiillapiccu
:
First Hour
Second Hour .
Third Hour
Fourth Hour .
Fifth Hour
Sixth Hour
Seventh Hour .
Eighth Hour .
Ninth Hour
Tenth Hour
Eleventh Hour
Twelfth Hour
1. The Alabaster Sarc
Ari'ENDix : Belzoni's Account of his Discovery
Tomb of Seti I
OF the
The Book of Gates :
11. The Western Vestibule, or Ante-chamber of

THE TUAT, SeT-AmENTET, GUARDED BY SeT
AND Tat. With 2 Illustrations
III. The First Gate, guarded by Saa-Set. With 10
Illustrations
The Second Gate, Sevtet-uauau, guarded bv
IV.
Aqebi. With 7 lUustiatiuns ....
The Third Gate, Nebt-s-tchefau, guarded by
TcHETBi. With 10 lllu.stiation.s
Vlll CONTENTS
CHAP. PAGE
VI. The Fourth Gate, Arit, guarded by Teka-hra.
With 11 Illustrations 139
VII. The Judgment Hall of Osiris. With 1 llhistia-
tion iri8
VIII. The Fifth Gate, Nebt-auA, guarded by Set-km-

MAAT-F. With 4 Illustrations IfiS . . . .
rX. The Sixth Gate, Pestit, guarded by Akha-en-

maat. With 27 Illustrations
X. The Seventh Gate, Bekhkhi, guarded by Set-
190 ....
hra. With 9 Illustrations .219 . . .
XI. The Eighth Gate, Aat-shefsheft, guarded by

Ab-ta. With 12 Illustrations .237 . . .
XII. The Ninth Gate, Tcheserit, guarded by Sethu.

With 10 Illustrations 259
XIII. The Tenth Gate, Shetat-besu, guarded by Am-
NETU-F. With 12 Illustrations 279 . . .
XIV. The Eleventh Gate, Tesert-baiu, guarded by

Sebi and Eeri, or the Eastern Vestibule
OF the Tuat. With 2 Illustrations . . 301
VAlllATX
V. 10, I. 3, for "Thon-tent-baiu" read "Tt-nt-haiu " ; p. 20,
1. 10, foi- "Ni'l)t-nui-tuatiu " read " Metchet-niu-ni'bt-Tuatiu" ;
).. IS, 1. -J, for

Y ^T^ I 'wid
f ^T^ I
; p. 2:J, 1. 3, for ? read
; p. :51, I. 1, for '^^;^ read -^^^ dTH ; p. r,7, 1. 3, for "tlie

?
magical powers" read "her magical powers to those"; p. 113,
^—f-H A D
1.26, for read ; p. 1 lo, 1. 1 1 , for h wnd
p. ll;», 1. 3, for "Tehetl.i" read " Nel.t-tehefau " ; p. 147, 1. 7.
for /I\
read l^.
THE SHORT FORM
OF THE
BOOK OF AM-TUAT
THE SUMMAEY OF THE BOOK: OP WHAT IS

IN THE UNDERWOELD.
The Beginning of the Horn of Amentet, [which is]

THE Uttermost Point of the Deepest Darkness.
THE FIEST HOUE.

This god entereth into the earth through the Hall of
the horizon of Amentet. There are one hundred and
twenty atru to journey over in this Hall before a
man arriveth at the gods of the Tuat.
The name of the first Field of the Tuat is Net-ra.
He (i.e., Ea) allotteth fields to the gods who are in
[his] following, and he beginneth to send forth words
to and to work out the plans of the divine beings of
the Tuat in respect of this Field.

AVliosoever shall have these made (i.e., copied)
VOL. II. B
—
2 THE BOOK OF AM-TUAT — SUMMARY
according to the similitude which is in Ament of the
Tuat, [and] whosoever shall have knowledge of these

similitudes, [which are] the copies of this great god
himself, they shall act as magical protectors for him
upon earth regularly and unfailingly, and they shall
act as magical protectors for him in the Great Tuat.

Ushemet-hatu-khefti-Ra is the name of the [first]
hour of the night which guideth this great god through

this Hall.
THE FIEST HOUR.

I. Feom the Tomb of Seti I. (lines 1 — 22).
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THE FIRST HOUR
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THE FIRST HOUE.

II. From the Leyden Papyrus, T. 71.
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THE SECOND HOUR.

Tliis great god afterwards tuketli up his position in
Ur-nrst, wliicli is tlirec liundved and nine atru in
leuoth, and one hundred and twenty atru in width.

The name of the gods who are in this Field is Baiu-
TuATi. Whosoever knoweth their names shall have his
existence with them, aud unto liiiii shall this great god
allot fields in the place wherein they are in the Field
OF Urnes. He shall stand up with the Gods who

Stand Up (Ahau), he shall travel on in the following
—
THE SECOND HOUR 5
of this great god, he shall enter into the earth, he shall

force a way through the Tuat, he shall cleave a passage
through the tresses of the gods witli flowiug hair
(Henksu), he shall travel on by the Eater of the Ass
(Am-aa) after the emptying of the lands, he shall eat
bread-cakes in tlio lioat of the Earth, and there shall
be given unto him the fore-part of Tatuba.

Whosoever shall have made in writing (or, in
drawing) similitudes of the Baiu-Tuati (i.e., the Souls

of the Tuat) in the forms in which they are in Ament
of the Tuat —now the beginning of such representa-
tions should be from Amentet, — and whosoever shall
make offerings unto them upon earth in their names,
[these things I say] shall act as magical protectors to

that person upon earth, regularly and unfailingly.
And whosoever sliall know the words which the
gods of the Tuat speak to this god, and the words
which are said by him to them when he is approaching
the gods of the Tuat, [these words I say] shall act as
magical protectors to him that knoweth them upon
earth, regularly and unfailingly.
Shesat-maket-neb-s is the name of the hour of the
night which guideth this great god through this Field.
THE SECOND HOUR

I. Fkom the Tomb of Seti I. (lines 23 — 61).
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THE SECOND HOUE.

II. Fkom the Leyden Papyrus, T. 71.
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THE THIIU) IIOUE.
This great god afterwards taketli up his position in

the Fields of the PEiiU-gods (i.e., the Fighters), and
THE THIRD HOUR 9
this great god paddletli his way over the Stream of

Osiris (Net-Asar) in sailing up this Field, which is
three hundred and nine atru long, and one hundred

and twenty atru wide. Tiiis great god uttercth words
to those who are in the following of Osiris to this City,
and he allotteth unto them estates which are situated
in this Field.
Baiu-shetaiu (i.e.,Hidden Souls) is the name of the
gods who are in tliis Field, and whosoever knoweth
their names upon earth shall be able to approach to
the place where Osiris is, and there shall be given unto
him water for his Field.
Net-nei;-ua-kiieper-auatu is the name of this Field.
Whosoever shall know these hidden similitudes of the

Hidden Souls in the correct forms wherein they are
depicted in Ament of the Tuat — now the beginning of
such representations should lie from Amentet — [these
figures I say] shall act as magical protectors to that
man upon earth, [and] in Neter-khert, regularly and

unfailingly.
Whosoever knoweth these, when he is making his

journey past them shall escape from their roarings,
and he shall not fall down into their furnaces (or,
pits).
Whosoever knoweth this, when he is keeping ward

over [his] seat (or, place), his bread-cake shall be with
Ea ; and whosoever knoweth this, being soul [and]
spirit, shall have the mastery over his legs, and shall
never enter into the place of destruction, but he shall

—
come foitli with liis attributes (or, forms), and shall
snufl" tlie air for his hour.
TiiENTENT-BAiu is the iiamc of tlie hour of the night
which uuidcth this <neat Kod through this Field.
THE THIKD HOUR

I. From the Tomp. of Seti I. (lines 62 — 105).
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THE THIRD HOUR II
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THE THIRD HOUR.

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THE FOURTH HOUR I3
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THE FOURTH HOUE.

The majesty of this great god, having been towed
along, afterwards taketh up his position in the secret
Circle of Amentet, and he perfurmeth the affairs of the

gods of tlie Tiuit who are therein by means of his voice,
but he seeth them not.

Ankh-kiieperu is the name of the gate of this
Circle.
Ament-setiiau is the name of this Circle.
Whosoever knoweth this representation of tlie hidden

roads of Re-statet, and the holy paths of the Ammeiiet,
and tlie secret doors which are in the Land of Seker,
the god who is upon his sand, shall be in the condition
of him that eateth the bread-cakes which are [made]

for the mouth of the Living gods in the Temple of
Teni.
"Whosoever knoweth this shall be in tlie condition of
him lluit is moat on the ways, and he shall journey
over the roads of Ee-setiiau, and he shall see the
representations of the Aiimehet.
UiiT-EM-SEKiiEMU-SET is the name of tlie hour of tlie
niiiht wliicli uuidetli this j^reat "rod.
THE FOURTH HOUR

I.—From the Tomb of Seti T. (lines lOG— 138).
I q I G ©s A ^
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THE FOURTH HOUR 15
A^ÂAA —
THE FOURTH HOUR.

II. —FiiOM THE Leyden Rapyrus, T. 71.
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l6 THE HOOK OF AM-TUAT — SUMMARY
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THE FIFTH HOUR.
This great god is towed along oxcv the ways of Maat
of tlie Tuat tlirougli Ihc \\\>\h'v ludl' of Ihis secret Circle
of the god Sekek, wlio is upon his sand, and he neitlier
looketh upon nor gazcth at the secret figure of the

earth which containcth the flesh of this god. The
gods wh(t arc in [the liaiii df] this god licar the
words of Iifi, who cricth unto llicm IVoni wliere tins
god is.
AilA-NETERU is the name of the door [of this
City]'.
Ament is the name of tlie Circle of this god, [and in
it arc] the secret path of Anientet, and the doors of the
hidden palace, and the lioly jdace of tlie Land or

Sekeu [willi his] Ih'sh, and [his] nieiidieis, [and his]
body, in tlie divine form which they had at first.
lUlu-A.MU-TUAT is the name of the gods who are hi

[this] Circle. Their furiiis {(iru) wlio are in their liour,
—
THE FIFTH HOUR I7
and tlii'ir Rccret sliapes {kheperu) neither know, nor

look upon, nor sec this image (or, similitude) of Sekeu
(or, the hawk) himself.
WHiosoever shall make these representations according
to the image which is in writing in the hidden places
of the Tuat, at the south of the Hidden Palace, and
wliosoever shall know them shall he at peace, and his
soul sliall unite itself to tlie offerings of Seker, and the
goddess KiiE.MiT shall not hack his l)ody in pieces, and
he shall go on his wa}' tcnvards her in peace. Whoso-
ever shall make ollerings to these gods upon earth
[these offerings, I say, shall act as magical protectors
to that man upon earth, and in Netek-khekt, regularly
and unfailingly].
Sem-iiek-ab-uaa-s is the name of the hour of the
night which guideth this great god through this
Field.
THE FIFTH HOUR

I.— From the Tomb of Seti I. (lines 139— 173).
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VOL. H.
l8 THE BOOK OF AM-TUAT — SUMMARY
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THE SIXTH HOUR.

The majesty of this great god taketh u\> his position
ill tlie stream of Nebt-mu-tuatiu (i.e., the Lord of the
waters of the gods of the Tuat), and lie sendcth forth
words to the gods who are tlierein, and he commandeth
tliat they have the mastery over tlieir divine ollcrings
in this City. He makcth his way tlirongh tliis Field,
being provided wiili liis IJoat, and lie settetli apart l>y
liis words the estates wliicli are [to ]»ro<hire] their

oll'orings in this City, and he giveth to them water for
their lakes, and hi* tiavclU'lh through the Tiiat every
day.
Seit-METU is the name of tlie door of this City.
THE SIXTH HOUR 21
Tlie secret roads of Amentet, and the manner wherein

I his great god is being rowed along over the water
therein in his boat to perform the plans (or, affairs) of
the gods of the Tuat, the gathering together [of them]
by their names, the manifestations of their shapes (or,
forms), and [their] secret hours, such are the things

of which the secret representation of the Tuat is not
known tomen and women.
AVhosoever shall make [a copy of] this image in
writing, according to the representation of the same
which is in the hidden things of the Tuat, at the south
of the Hidden Palace, and whosoever shall know them
shall be in the condition of one who awardeth offerings
'in abundance in the Tuat, and he shall be united to
the oflerings of the gods who are in the following of

Osiris, and liis parents (or, kinsfolk) shall make the
offerings which are obligatory on the earth.
The majesty of this great god sendeth forth words,
and he giveth divine offerings to [the gods of] the Tuat,
and he standctli up by them; and they see him, and
they have dominion over their Fields and over the
gifts made to them, and they ellect their transforma-
tions by reason of the words which this great god hath
spoken unto them.
Îetchet-nkht-Tuatiu is the name of this Field,
which is the road of the Boat of Ra.
Mesperit-au-maat is the name of the hour of the
iii-bt Nvbicli guideth this great god through this
country.
—

THE SIXTH HOUR.
I. From tiik Tomij of Seti I. (lines 174 — 210).
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THE SIXTH HOUR 23
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THE SEVENTH HOUE.

The majesty of this great god taketh \\\\ liis position
in the secret place of Osiris, and tlie majesty of this
great god sendeth forth words into this to the gods
who dwell therein. This god maketh to himself other
forms for this hidden i)lace in order to drive out of his
path the serpent iiend Ai'EP by means of the words of
power of Isis, and the words of power of Semsu(?).
IluTi-AsAU is the name of the gate of this City

through which this god passeth.
Tephet-sheta is the name of this City.
26 THE BOOK OF Am-TUAT — SUMMARY
This great god maketh his way over the road of
Anient in the holy boat, and he passeth in it over this
road which is without water, without being towed

along. He maketh his way by means of the words of
power of Isis, and by means of the words of power of
Semsu (?), and the utterances of this great god himself

[act as] magical protectors, and perform the slaughters
of Apep in the Tuat, in this Circle, in his windings in
the sky.
Whosoever shall make [a copy of] these [pictures]
according to the similitudes whicli are in writing at
the northern side uf tlie Hidden Palace in the Tuat,
they shall act as magical protectors for him that

maketh them in heaven and in earth. And whosoever
knoweth them sliall be a soul of souls with Ra. And
whosoever shall make (i.e., recite) tlie words of power
of Isis and tlie words of power of Semsu, shall make
to be driven back the Apep of lia in Amentet. Wlioso-
ever shall do [this] in the Hidden Palace of tlie Tuat,
and whosoever shall do [this] upon eartli, [the result
is] the same. Whosoever knoweth this shall be in the
Boat of Efi, l)oth in heaven and upon earth ; but he

that halh iio l<ni»wledge of this representation shall not
know how to drive back NEilA-lliiA (i.e., Stinking-Face).

Now the ridge of earth of Neija-hiia in the Tuat is
four hundred and fifty cubits in length, and he filleth

it with the undulations of his body. The regions which
belong to him are made (i.e., kept) for him, and the
great god dulh unt make iiis way ••vcr liim when he
—
THE SEVENTH HOUR 27
maketli him to turn aside out of the way for him, from
the secret place of Osiris, when this god maketh his way
through this city in the form of the serpent Meiien.
Whosoever shall know this upon earth, the serpent
Neiia-iira shall not drink his water, and the soul of
him tliat knoweth it shall nut l)e evilly entreated by the
gods who arc in this Circle; and whosoever knoweth it
the crocodile Ab-shau shall not devour his soul.

KiiESEF-iiAi-iiESEQ-NEiiA-HitA is the name of the
hour uf the night which guideth this great god through
this Circle.
THE SEVENTH HOUR

I. — Fito.M THE ToMP. OF Seti I. (lines 210 — 21:')).
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30 THE BOOK OF AM-TL'AT — SUMMARY
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X.
THE EIGHTH HOUE.

When llie majesty f»f this y;reat god liatli taken up
his p()sitii)ii in the secret Circles of tliosc who are in
their sand, he sendeth forth words to tliem from out of
his Boat, and the gods tow along him that is in the
holy emlnace (?) of the serpent Mehen.

Aha-an-ukt-f is the name of the gate of this City.
Tebat-neteru-set is the name of this City.

As for the secret Circle of Amextet, this great god
makcth way over it in
his his I»oat, 1iy means of the
towing of the gods who are in the 'Puat.
Whosoever shall make [a copy of] these things

according to the similitude which is in writing on the
north [wall] of the Hidden Palace in the Tuat, and
whosoever shall know them by their names, shall lie
in the condition of one wlio is fully })ro\ided witli
swathings on the earth, and he shall never ])e repulsed

at the secret gates, and he sliall have abundant offerings
in the great funeral hall regularly and unfailingly for
millions of years.
Neht-usha is the name of |]ic hmn' «.r ihe night
which guidcth this great god.
THE EIGHTH HOUR 3I
THE EIGHTH HOUK.

From the Leyden Papyrus, T. 71.
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THE NINTH HOUll.
AVlicn the majesty of this great god hath taken up

his position in this Circle, he scndeth forth words
from his Boat to the gods who dwell therein, and the
sailors join the Boat of this great god in this City.
Saa-keb is the name of the gate of this City through

which this great god passcth to take up his position on
the stream which is in this City.
Bes-aru is the name of this City, which is the

secret Circle of Amentet, wherein take up their
positions in the Tuat this great god and his sailors.
Whosoever maketh [a copy of] these things in their

names according to the similitudes whicli are in writing
on the east [wall] of the Hidden Palace of the 'Fuat,
and whosoever knoweth their names upon earth, and

knoweth their hal)itations in Amentct, shall rest in his
habitation in the 'Puat, and he shall stand up among
the lords of the provisions of the gods, and his voice
shall be madt before the ichatcha beings on the day
of the reckoning of Tharaoh (literally, tlie thrice
great liouse). Ami these tilings shall act as magical
protectors to him that knoweth them upon earth.
Mak-NEI5-s is the name of the hour of (ho night

which guideth this great god in this Circle.
THE NINTH HOUR 33
THE NINTH HOUR.

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THE TENTH HOUK.
Tlie majesty of this great god taketli up his position
in this Circle, and he sendeth forth words to the gods
wlio are in it.
Aa-kiieperu-mes-aru is the name of the gate of

this City through which this great god passeth.
Metch-qa-utebu is the name of this City. [This is]
the secret Circle of Amentet whereto Kiiepera joineth

himself before Ra, and the gods, and the spirits, and
the dead cry out from it over the secret representa-
tions (or, images) of Akert.
Whosoever shall make [a copy of] these [repre-
sentations] according to the figures which are

depicted on the cast [wall] of Anient, and whosoever
knoweth them l)y their names shall journey round
about in the Tuat, and shall travel through it, and
he shall not be driven back, and he sliall flourish
with Rfi.
TEiNTKNIT-hesq-kiiakabu is the name of the hour of

the night which guidcth this great god tlirougli the
secret ways of this City.
THE TENTH HOUR 35
THE TENTH HOUR

Fkom the Levpen Papykus, T. 71.
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THE ELEVENTH HOUR

The majesty of this great god taketh up his position
in this Circle, and he seudeth forth words unto the
gods who are therein,
Sekiiex-Tuatiu is tlio name of tlie gate of this City
thruugh which this great god passeth.

EE-EN-gERERT-Ai'T-KiiAT is the name of tliis City.
[This is] the secret Circle of the Tuat into which this
great god passeth on his way, and [lie] cometh forth

at the eastern mountain of the sky, the eater of
eternity. Tlie form thereof is in the presence of the
serpent I'etka, whicli dwcUeUi in this City, and they

(i.e., the gods) place themselves in the train of [lla]
when the birth of Kiiepeu upon earth is about to take

place.
Whosoever shall make [a copy] of these [representa-
tions] according to the figures wliich are depicted on

the east [wall] of the palace of Anient in the hidden
[places] of tlic Tuat, and whosoever knoweth tlieni
shall 1)C in the position of him tliat divideth his

offering, and of him who is a spirit who is suitably
equipped [to travel] botli in lioaven and upon oavUi,
regularly and unceasingly.
SEBIT-NEB-UAA-KIIESEF-SElUr-E.M-rKKT-F is tliO name
of the hour of the nii^ht which uiiidrth lliis great god
in this Circle.
THE ELEVENTH HOUR 37
THE ELEVENTH HOUR.

From the Leyden Tapykus, T. 71.
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THE TWELFTH HOUR.

The majesty of tliis great god takctli up his position
iu this Circle at the limits of tlic tliick darkness, and
this great god is born under the form of KilEPEKA in
this Circle. The gods Nu and Am.mui, and Heh and
Heh[ut] are in this Circle at the birth of this great
god, wlien he maketli his appearance from the Tuat,

and taketh up liis i)lacc in the Matet Boat, and riseth
from between the thighs of the goddess Nut.
TiiENEN-NETERU is the name of the gate of this City.
KiiEPEU-KEKUl-KiiA-MESTi is the name of this City.
[Tins is] the secret Circle of the Tuat, wherein this

great god is born, wlien he maketh his appearance in
Nu, and taketli up liis place in the body of NuT.
Whosoever shall make [a c(>})y] of these [representa-
tions] according to the figures which are depicted on

the east [wall] of the palace of Anient of the Tuat,
tliey sliall be magical protectors to him tliat knoweth
them upon earth, linth in heaven and on eailh.
At tliis point tlie light l)eginncth [to come], and it is
the end of tlic thick darkness which Ka travelleth

through in Amentet, and of the secret matters wliich
this great god performed Ihiicin. Me who halh no
knowledge of the wh(jle(:') or part^:') of the secret
THE TWELFTH HOUR 39
representations of the Tuat, shall be condemned to

destruction.
Whosoever shall make [a copy] of these [representa-
tions] according to this copy of what is in the Ament

of the Tuat, [which] cannot be looked at or seen, and
whosoever shall know these secret images shall be
in the condition of the spirit who is equipped [for
journeying], and shall come forth [from] and shall
descend into the Tuat, and shall hold converse with

the men and women who live [there] regularly and
unfailingly, millions of times.
THE TWELFTH HOUR.

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THE BOOK OF GATES
;
THE BOOK OF GATES
CHAPTER I.
THE ALABASTEK SAKCOPHAGUS OF SETI I.
The text uf the " Book of Gates," printed in the

following pages, is taken from tlie alabaster sarcophagus
of king Seti I., B.C. 1370, which is preserved in the
Museum of Sir John Soane, at 13, Lincoln's Inn Fields.
This sarcophagus is, undoubtedly, one of the chief

authorities for the text of that remarkable book
but before any attempt is made to describe the
arrangement of the scenes and the inscriptions which
accompany them, it will be well to recall tlie principal
facts connected with its discovery by Giovanni Battista
Belzoni, who has fortunately placed them on record in
his Narrative of the Operations and recent discoveries
icithin the iiyramids, temples, tombs and Excavations
in Egypt and Nuhia, London, 1820, p. 233 ff. In
October, 1815, Belzoni began to excavâte in the Biban-
al-Muluk, i.e., the Valley of the Tombs of the Kings,
on the western bank of the Nile at Thebes, and in tlie
44 THE SARCOPHAGUS OF SETI I.
bed of a watercourse lie found a spot where the ground

bore traces of luiving been "moved." On the 19th of
the montli liis workmen made a way through the sand
and fragments of stone wliich liad been piled up
there, and entered the first corridor or passage of a
magnificent tomb, w'liieli he soon discovered to have
been made for one of the great kings of Egypt. A
second corridor led him to a square chamber which,
being thirty feet deep, formed a serious obstacle in
the way ol any unauthorized intruder, and served to
catch any rain-water which might make its way down

the corridors from the entrance. Beyond this chamlier
are two halls, and from the first of these Belzoni

passed through other corridors and rooms until he
entered the vaulted chamber in which stood the
sarcophagus.^ The sarcophagus chamber is situated at
a distance of 320 feet from tlie entrance to the first
Cfjrridor, and is 180 feet l)elow the level of the ground.
Belzoni succeeded in l)ringing the sarcophagus from

its chamber into tlie light of day without injury, and
in due course it arrived in England ; the negotiations
which he opened with the Trustees of tlie British
Museum, to whom its purchase was first proposed, fell
through, and he subsequently sold it to Sir John

Soane, it is said for the sum of £2000. An examina-
tion of the sarcophagus shows that both it and its cover
were Iiollowed out of mitnolllliic li](icl<s ol" alabaster,
' Ah IJclzdiii's iiarnilivc is nl" iiitcri-st, his aci-tMiiit of liis discovoiy

of Si'ti'.s tomb ia jîvt'ii in tin- Aj^K'Hilix to lliia (Jli!i|itc'r.
DISCOVERY or AND DESCRIPTION 45
and it is i)iul»al>lo, as ]\Ir. Sliaipe says,^ tliat these were

quarried iii the iiiouiitaius near Alaljastronpulis, i.e.,
the district whicli was known to the Egyptians by
the name of Het-niil),

J r^;;;j^ C=C^, and is situated
near tlie ruins known in modern times l)y the name

of Tell al-*Amarna. In the Het-nub quarries large
numl)ers of inscriptions, written chietly in the hieratic
cliaracter, have been found, and from the interesting
selection from these puljlislicd by Messrs. lilackden
and Fraser, we learn that several kings of the Ancient
and Middle Empires carried on works in them, no
doubt fur the purpose of obtaining alabaster for funeral
purposes. The sarcophagus is 9 ft. 4 in. lung, 3 ft. 8 in.
wide, in the widest part, and 2ft. Sin. high at the
shoulders, and 2 ft. 3 in. at the feet ; the cover is
1 ft. 3 in. high. The thickness of the alabaster varies
from 2^ to 4 inches. The skill of the mason who

succeeded in hollowing the blocks without breaking,
or even cracking them, is marvellous, and the remains
of holes nearly one inch in diameter suggest that the
drill was as useful to him as the chisel and mallet in

hollowing out the blocks. When the sarcophagus and
its cover were finally shaped and polished, they were
handed over to an artisan who was skilled in cutting
hieroglyphics and figures of the gods, «S:c., in stone, and
both the insides and uutsides were covered by him
' The Alabaster Sarcophagus of Oimeneptliah King of Egypt.

I.,
London, 1864, p. 14.

with inscriptions and vignettes and mythological scenes

wliich illustrated them. l>oth inscriptions and scenes
were then filled in with a kind of paint made from
some preparation of copper, and the viîd bluish green
colour of this paint must have formed a striking
contrast to tlio lailliaut whiteness of the alabaster
when fresh from the quarry. At the present time
large numbers of cliaracters and figures are denuded
of their colour, and those in which it still remains are
much discoloured by L(iiul(jn ft»g and soot.
The first to attempt to describe the contents of the

texts and scenes on the sarcophagus of Seti I. was the
late Samuel Sbarpe, who, witli the late Jost^ph Uonomi,
published "The Alabaster Sarcophagus of Oimen-
epthali I., King of Egypt," Lmidon, 1(SG4, 4to; the
former was responsible for the letterpress, and the
latter for the plates of scenes and texts. For some
reason whidi it is not easy to understand, Mr. Sharpe
decided that the hieroglyphic characters which formed
the prenomen of the king for whom tlie sarcophagus was
made were to be read " Oimcncpthali," a result which
he obtained by assigning tlie phonetic value of to
tlic hierogly})liic' sign for Osiris Ijj. The jn-oiujnien is
someti mes written (U

I ^^^^] ,
,„•
(^|f|i^,
MEK-EN-rTAU, or Skti-mkn'-ex-Ptaij. Mr. Sliarpe did
not, a])]»arently, iv.ilizr Ihai both the signs W and ij|

GENERAL DESCRIPTION 47
were to be read " Set," and lie gave to the first the
phonetic value of A and to the second the value of ;
" " "

he next identified Aimenepthah or " Oimenepthah
with tlie AnicMKtpliath of Manetho, and the Cho-
niaepthah uf Eratosthenes, saying, "hence arises the
support to our reading his name (i.e., the king's)
Oimenepthah." I'assing over Mr. Sharpe's further
remarks, which assert that the sarcopliagus was made
in the year B.C. 1175 (!), we nmst consider briefly the
arrangement of the texts and scenes upon tlie insides
and outsides of tlie sarcophagus and its covers. On
the upper outside edge of the sarcophagus runs a
single line of hieroglyphics which contains speeches
supposed to be made to the deceased by the four
children of Horus ; this line is in two sections, each of
which begins at the right hand side of the head, and
ends at the left hand side of the foot. " Below this line
of hieroglyphics are five large scenes, each of which is
divided into three registers, and these are enclosed

between two dotted bands which are intended to
represent the borders of the " Valley of the Other
World." On the inside of the sarcophagus are also five
scenes, but there is no line of hieroglyphics rimning
along the upper edge. On the bottom of the sarco-
phagus is a finely cut figure of the goddess Nut, and
round and about her are texts selected from the
Theban Kecension of the Booh of the Dead; on
the inside of the cover is a figure of the goddess
Nut, with arms outstretched. On the outside of the
— '
cover, ill uddition to the texts wliieli record the names

and titles of tlie deceased, are inscribed two large
scenes, each of which is divided into three registers,
like those inside and outside the sarcophagus.
The line of text on the upper outside edge reads :
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SPEECHES OF THE CHILDREN OF HORUS 49
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I. Speech of Mestha :
" I am Mestha, I am [thy] son,
" Osiris, king, lord of the two h\nds, Men-Maat-Ka,
" whose word is madi, son of the Smi, Seti Mer-en-Ptah,
" whose word is madt, and I have come so that I
" may be among those who protect thee. I make to
" flourish thy house, which shall be doubly established,
"by the command of Ptali, by the command of Ea
" himself."
Speech of Anpu :
" I am Anpu, who dwelleth in (or,
" with) the funeral chest." He saith, " Mother Isis

" descendeth bandages for me, Osiris, king
" Men-Maat-Ea, whose word is macd, son of the Sun,
" Seti Mer-cn-Ptah, whose word is madi, from him
" that worketh against mo."
Speech of Tuamatef :
" I am Tuamatef, I am thy
" son Horus, I love thee, and I have come to avenge
" thee, Osiris, upon him that would work his wicked-
:
SPEECHES OF THE CHILDREN OF HORUS 5I
"ness upon thee, and I will set him under thy feet
"for ever, Osiris, king, lord of the two lands, Men-
"Maat-Ea, son of the Sim, [proceeding] from his
" body, loving him, lord of crowns (or, risings) Seti
" Mer-en-Ptah, whose word is madt, before the Great
"God."
To be said :
" Ea liveth, the Tortoise dieth ! Strong
"are the members of Osiris, king Meu-Maat-
"Ea, whose word is madt, for Qebhsennuf guardeth
" them. Ea liveth, the Tortoise dieth ! In a sound
" state is he who is in the sarcophagus, in a sound state
" is he who is in the sarcophagus, that is to say, the
"son of the Sun, Seti Mer-en-Ptah, whose word is
" madt."
Speech of Nut : Nut, the great one of Seb, saith
" Osiris, king, lord of the two lands, Men-Maat-Ea,
" whose word is madt, who loveth me, I give unto
" thee purity on the earth, and splendour (or, glory)
"in the heavens, and I give unto thee thy head for
" ever."
II. Speech of Nut, who is over the Hennu Boat:

"This is my son, Osiris, king, Men-Maat-Ea, whose
"word is madt. His father Shu loveth him, and his
" mother Nut loveth him, Osiris, son of Ea, Seti Mer-
" en-Ptah, whose word is madt."
Speech of Hapi :
" I am Hapi. I have come that I
"might be among those who protect thee, I bind

" together for thee
thy head, [and thy members, smiting
" down for thee thine enemies beneath thee, and I give
:
" thee] ^ thy head, Osiris, king, Men-Maat-Ea, whose

" word is madt, son of Ka, Seti Mer-en-Ptah, whose
" word is inadt."
Speech of Anpu, the Governor of the divine honse

" I am Anpn, the Governor of the divine honse.
" Osiris, king, lord of the two lands, Men-Maat-Ka,
" whose word is madt, son of the Sun, [proceeding]
" from his body, the lord of crowns, Seti Mer-en-Ptah,
" whose word is madt, the Shennu beings go roinid
"about thee, and thy members remain uninjured,
" Osiris, king, Men-]\Iaat-Pia, whose word is madt for
" ever."
Speech of Qebhsennuf :
" I am thy sun, I have
" come that I might be among those who protect
" thee. I gather together for thee thy bones, and
" I piece together for thee thy limbs. I bring unto
" thee thy heart, and I set it upon its seat in thy
" body. I make to flourish (or, germinate) for thee thy
" house after thee, [0 tliou who] liv[est] for ever."
To be said :
" Rjl liveth, the Tortoise dieth ! Let
" enter the bones of Osiris, king Men-Maat-Ea, whose
" word is madt, the son of the Sun, Seti Mer-en-Ptah,
" whose word is madt, let them enter into their founda-
" tions. Pure is the dead body wliich is in the earth,
" Supplying the words ^ ^^ X ^ ^^ j!^ '^^ '^^-
'^ -^ ~»
from the Wfll-kiiown ypecch on tlio
Caii02)ic jars.
—
THE FIGURE OF NUT 53
" and pure are the hones of Osms, kmg Men-Maat-Ra,

" whose word is madt, like Ra [for ever !]."
On the hottoni of the sarcophagus is a large, full-

length figure of the goddess Nut, who is depicted in
the form of a woman with her arms ready to embrace
the body of the king. Her face and the lower parts of
the body below the waist are in profile, but she has a
front chest, front shoulders, and a front eye. Her feet
are represented as if each was a right foot, and each

only shows the great toe. One breast is only shown.
The hair of the goddess is long and falls over her back
and shoulders ; it is held in position over her forehead
by a bandlet. She wears a deep collar or necklace,
and a closely-fitting feather-work tunic which extends

from her breast to her ankles ; the latter is supported
by two shoulder straps, each of which is fastened with
a buckle on the shoulder. She has anklets on her legs,
and bracelets on her wrists, and armlets on her arms.

The inscriptions which are cut above the head, and at
both sides, and under the feet of the goddess contain
addresses to the king by the great gods of tlie sky, and

extracts from the Boole of the Dead ; they read :
54 the sarcophagus of seti i.
Inscription on the bottom of the Sarcophagus of

Seti I.
^ ^^ c^ .e ^^
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speeches of seb, nut, etc. 55
Inscription on the bottom of the Sahcophagus of

Seti I.
I. The words of Osiris the king, the lord of the two

lands, Men-Maat-Ea, whose word is madf, the son of
lia (i.e., the Sun), Seti Mer-en-Ptah, whose word is
madt, who saith, " thou goddess Nut, support thou

" me, for I am thy son. Destroy thou my defects of
" immobility, together with those who produce them."
II. The goddess Nut, who dwelleth in Het-Hennu,
saith, "This [is my] son Osiris, the king, the lord
" of the two lands, Men-Maat-Ea, whose word is
" madt, the son of Ea, [proceeding] from his body,

" who loveth him, the lord of crowns, Osiris, Seti
" Mek-en-I'tah."
III. The god See saith, "This [is my] son Men-
"Maat-Ea, who loveth me. I have given unto him

"purity upon earth, and glory in heaven, him the
" Osiris, king, the lord of the two lands, Men-Maat-Ea,
" whose word is madt, the son of Ea, the lover of Nut,
"that is to say, Seti Mer-en-Ptah, whose word is
" madf, before the lords of the ""Puat."
IV. Words which are to be said :

— " Osiris, king,
" lord of the two lands, Men-Maat-Ea, whose word is
" madf, the son of Ea, [proceeding] from his body, that
"is to say, Seti Mer-en-Ptah, whose word is madf.
" Thy mother Nut putteth forth [her] two hands and
"arms over thee, Osiris, king, lord of the two lands,
" Men-Maat-Ea, whose word is madf, son of Ea,
1
56 THE SARCOPHAGUS OF SETI I
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SPEECH OF NUT 57
"wlioiii he loveth, lord of diadems, Seti Mek-en-

"Ptah, whose word is madt. Thy mother NuT
"hath added the magical powers wliich are thiue,
"and thou art in her arms, and thou shalt never
"die. Lifted up and driven away are the calamities
"which were to thee, and they shall never [more]
"come to thee, and shall never draw nigh unto
"thee, Osiris, king, the lord of the two lands, Men-

"Maat-Ra, whose word is madt. Horus hath taken
"up his stand behind thee, Osiris, son of Ea, lord
"of diadems, Seti Mek-en-Ptaii, whose word is
"madt, for thy mother Nut hath come unto thee;

" she hath purified (or, washed) thee, she hath united
"herself to thee, she hath supplied thee as a
"»od, and thou art alive and stablished among the

" gods."'
V. The great goddess Xut saith, " I have endowed

"him with a soul, I have endowed him with a spirit,
"and I have given him power in the body of his
"mother Tefnut, I who was never brought forth. I
"have come, and I have united myself to Osmis,
" the king, the lord of the two lands, Men-Maat-Ea,
" whose word is madt, the son of Pta, the lord of
"diadems, Seti Mer-en-Ptati, whose word is viadt,
"with life, stability, and power. He shall not
"die. I am Nut of the mighty heart, and I took
"up my being in the body of my mother Tefnut

"in my name of Nut; over my mother none hath
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BOOK OF THE DEAD — CHAPTER LXXII. 59
" gained the mastery. I have filled every place with my

" beneficence, and I have led captive the whole earth
" I have led captive the South and the North, and I
" have gathered together the things which are into my
" arms to vivify Osiris, the king, tlie lord of the two
" lands, Men-Maat-Ra, the son of the Sun, [proceeding]
" from his body, the lover of Seker, the lord of diadems,
" the governor whose heart is glad, Seti Mer-ex-Ptaii,
" whose word is madt. His soul shall live for ever
!
VI. ["Nut,"] saith Osiris, the king Men-Maat-Ea,

whose word is madt, " Raise thou me up ! I am [thy]
"son, set thou free him whose heart is at rest from
" that wliieh maketh [it to be still]."
VII. Osiris, the king, the lord of the two lands,

Mex-Maat-Ra, whose word is madt, the son of the
Sun, loving him, Seti Mer-en-Ptah, saith the
Chapter of Coming Forth by Day and of Making a

AVay Through Ammehet.^
Saith Osiris, the king, the lord of the two lands, Men-
Maat-Ra, whose word is madt, the son of the Sun, [pro-
ceeding] from his body, loving him, the lord of crowns,
Seti Mer-en-Ptah, whose word is madt, " Homage to
" you, ye lords of madt, wlio are free from iniquity,
"who exist and live for ever and to the double henti
" period of everlastingness, Men-Maat-Ra, whose word
" is madt, the son of the Sun, [proceeding] from his body,
" loving liiin, the lord of diadems, Seti Mer-en-Ptah,
' This is Chapter LXXII. of the Book of the Dead.

6o THE SARCOPHAGUS OF SETI I.
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BOOK OF THE DEAD — CHAPTER LXXII. 6l
" whose word is madt, before you hath become a

" khic (i.e., a spirit) in his attributes, he hath gained
" the mastery through his words of power, and he
"is laden with his splendours. deliver ye the
" Osiris, the king, the lord of the two lands, Men-
" Maat-Ea, whose word is madt, the son of the sun,
"the lord of diadems, Seti Mer-en-Ptah, whose
"word is madt, from the Crocodile of this Pool of
"Maati. He hath his mouth, let him speak there-
" with. Let there be granted unto him broad-handed-
"ness in your presence, because I know you, and I
"know your names. I know this great god unto
"whose nostrils ye present offerings of tchefau.
"Rekem is his name. He maketh a way through

" the eastern horizon of heaven. PtEKEM departeth
"and I also depart; he is strong and I am strong.
" let me not be destroyed in the ]\Iesqet Chamber.
"Let not the Sebau fiends gain the mastery over
"me. Drive not ye mc away from your Gates,
"and shut not fast your arms against the Osiris,
" the king, the lord of the two lands, Men-]\Iaat-
"Ra, whose word is madt, the son of the Sun, [pro-

"ceed?ug] from his body, loving him, the lord of
"diadems, Seti Mer-en-Ptah, whose word is madt,

"because [my] bread is in the city of Pe,^ and my
" ale is in the city of Tep, and my arms are united
' Pe and Tep formed a double city in the Delta.

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BOOK OF THE DEAD — CHAPTER LXXII, 63
" in the divine house which my father hath given nnto

" me. He hath stablished for me a house in the high
"place of the lands, and tlierc are wheat and barley
" therein, tlic quantity of which is unknown. The son
" of my body acteth for me there as hher-hch} Grant
"ye unto me sepulchral offerings, that is to say,
" incense, and merhet unguent, and all beautiful and
"pure things of every kind whereon tlie God liveth.
" Osiris, the king, ]\Ien-Maat-1Ia, whoso word is madt,
" the son of tlie Sun, [proceeding] from his body, loving
"him, the lord of diadems, the ruler of joy of heart,
" Seti Mek-en-Ptaij, whose word is madt, existcth for
" ever in all the transformations whicli it pleaseth
" [him to make]. He floateth down the river, he saileth
"up into Sekhet-Aaeu," he reacheth Sekiiet-Îetep.'^
" I am the double Lion-god." ^
VIII. Saith Osiris, the king, the lord of the two

lands, Men-Maat-Ra, whose word is madt, son of the
Sun, loving him, Seti Mer-en-Ptah, whose word is
madt — " ward off that destroyer from my father

" Osiris, the king, the lord of the two lands, Men-Maat-
" Ea, whose word is maclt, and let his divine protection
" be under my legs, and let them live. Strengthen
" thou Osiris, son of the Sun, lord of diadems, Seti Mee-
''
en-Ptaii, whose word is madt, with thy hand. Grasp
" thou bim with thy hand, let him enter thy hand, let
' The kher-heb was the priestly official who read the funeral sei'vicc.
="
I.e., the Field of Reeds. =*
I.e., the Field of Peace.
* I.e., Shu and Tefnut.
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BOOK OF THE DEAD — CHAPTER LXXXIX. 05
" him enter thy hand, Osiris, king, lord of the two
" lands, Men-Maat-Ea, whose word is madt, thou shalt
" not perish. Nut cometh unto thee, and she fashioneth
" thee as the Great Fashioner, and thou shalt never
" decay ; she fashioneth thee, she turneth thy weak-
"ness into strength, she gathereth together thy
" meml:)ers, she hringeth thy heart into thy body, and
" she liath placed thee at the head of the living doubles
" {kau), () Osiris, king, lord of the two lands, Men-
" Maat-Ra, whose word is madt, before the beautiful
" god, the lord of Ta-Tghesekt."
IX. Saith Osiris, the king, the lord of the two
lands, Men-Maat-Ra, whose word is madt, the son of
the Sun, [proceeding] from his body, loving him, the
lord of diadems, Seti Meij-en-1'tah, whose word is viadt,
[The Chapter of Causing the Soul to be United

TO ITS Body in the Undekwokld] ^
" Hail, ye gods who bring (Anniu) ! [Hail] ye gods

" who run (Pehiu) ! [Hail] thou who dwellest in
" his embrace, thou great god, grant thou that may
" come unto me my soul from wheresoever it may be.
" If it would delay, then let my soul be brought unto
" me from wheresoever it may be, for thou shalt find
" the Eye of Horus standing by thee like tliose
" watchful gods. If it lie down, let it lie down in
"Annu (Heliopolis), the land where [souls are joined
" to their bodies] in thousands. Let my soul be brought
' This is Chaiitor LXXXIX. of the Book of the Dead.
VOL. II. F
66 THE SARCOPHAGUS OF SETI I
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BOOK OF THE DEAD — CHAPTER LXXXIX. 67
"unto me from wheresoever it ma}- be. Make thou

"strong, O guardian of sky and earth, this my soul.
"If it Nvouhl tarry, do thou cause the soul to see its

" )>oily, and thou slialt find the Eye of Horus standing
" by thee even as do those [gods who watch]."
" Hail, ye gods who tow along the l>oat of the lord of
" millions of years, who bring [it] into the upper regions
" of the Tuat, who make it to pass over Nut, and who
" make the soul to enter into its sdhu (i.e., spiritual body),
"let your hands be full of weapons, and grasp them

" and make them sharp, and hold chains in readmess to
" destroy the serpent enemy. Let the l>oat rejoice, and
"let the great god pass on in i)eace, and Ijehold, grant
"ye that the soul of Osiris, king Men-Maat-Ea, whose
" word is madt, may emerge from the thighs [of Nut] in
" the eastern horizon of heaven, for ever and for ever."
X. Osiris, the king, the lord of the two lands, Men-
Maat-Ra Setep-[en]-Ra, whose word is viadt, the son
of Ra, loving rTAH-SEKiti, the lord of diadems, Seti
]\lEi{-EN-PTAn, whose word is vi((dt, saith :

— " ye
" aheiinu beings, go ye roinid behind me, and let not
"these my members be witliout strength."
XI. Osiris, the king, the lord of the two lands, Men-
]\lAAT-liA Aa-Ra, whose word is madt, the son of the
sun, [proceeding] from his body, loving him, lord of
diadems, Seti Mei;-kn-1'taij, saith :
— " Nut, lift tbou
" me up. am lliy son.
I )o away from me that which
I
" maketii me to be without motion." [Nut saith] :
"O (Jsiris, the king, the lord of the two lands, Men-
Cai] y ¥ g^ ¥ fe^ CSIM3 1
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PRAYERS OF SETI T. 6g
" ^MaaT-IIa .\a-1iA, wluKse word is ntaaf, (ho son of
"the sun, [jtrocecdiiiul I'loiii liis IhmIv, Iunjul!, him,

"the hiid of (liadoins, Si>:ti AfEi;-KN-l'TAn, whoso
"word is iiiadf, 1 liavo given thee tliy head to be
" on thy body, and all the members of him that is
" Seti Mek-ex-Ptah, wliose word is mr«7t, sliall never

" lack strength."
On the outside of tlie cover, beneath the two scenes

and texts which occupied tlie upper part of it, was a
liorizontal line of hieroglyphics which contained two
short speeches, the one l>y the goddess Nut, and the
other by Thoth. The speech of Nut is a duplicate
of the opening lines of that found on the bottom
of the sarcophagus (see above § v., p. 55); the
speech of Thoth is much mutilated, and can have
contained little except the promise to be with the
king, and a repetition of the royal name and titles.
On the inside of the cover were many por-
texts,
tions of wliich are identical, as we see from the

fragments which remain, with tlie Chapters from the
Boole of tlie Dead which are found on the Ijottom of tlie
sarcophagus, and which have been transcribed above.

At each side of the figure of the winged goddess which
was cut on the breast was a figure of the god Tlioth,
who is seen holding a staff surmounted by the
symbol of "night,"
^^f^. AVheii the cover was com-
plete there were probably four such figures upon it,
and the texts which accompanied them were, no doubt,

identical witli those fduml in ('li;i])tci' (T.XI. of the

Ihiuk of thr Dead.
Tiie scenes and inscriptions which cover tlie inside
and outside of the sarcophagus are described and

transcribed in tlie following chapters.
;
( 71 )
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER I.
BELZONI'S ACCOUNT OF HIS DISCOVERY OF

THE TOMB OF SETI I.
" On the 16th (of October) I recommenced my cxcava-
" tions in the Valley of Beban el jMalook, and pointed
" out the fortunate spot, which has paid me for all the
" trouble I took in my researches. I may call this a
" fortunate day, one of the best perhaps of my life
" I do not mean to say, that fortune has made me rich,

" for I do not consider all rich men fortunate ; but she
" has given me that satisfaction, that extreme pleasure,
" which wealth cannot purchase : the pleasure of
" discovering what has been long sought in vain, and
" of presenting the world with a new and perfect
" monument of Egyptian anticpiity, which can be
"recorded as superior to any other in })()int of
"grandeur, style, and preservation, appearing as if just

" finished on the day we entered it ; and what I found
"in it will show its great superiority to all others.
" Not fifteen yards from the last tomb I described, I
" caused the earth to be opened at the foot of a steep
" hill, and under a torrent, which, when it rains, pours
" a gi-eat quantity of water over the very spot I have
"caused to be dug. Xo one could imagine, that the

" ancient Egyptians would make the entrance into
" such an immense and superb excavation just imder a
" torrent of water ; l)ut I had strong reasons to suppose,
" that tliere was a tomb in that place, from indications
" I had observed in my pursuit. The Fellahs who
" were accustomed to dig were all of opinion, that
"there was nothing in that spot, as the situation of
" this tomb dittered from that of any other. I con-
" tinned the work, however, and the next day, the
" 17th, in the evening we perceived the part of the
" rock that was cut, and formed the entrance. On the
" 18th, early in the morning, the task was resumed,
"and about noon the workmen reached the entrance,
" which was eighteen feet below the surface of the
"ground. The appearance indicated, that the tomb
" was of tlie first rate ; but still I did not expect to
" find such a one as it really proved to be. The Fellahs
" ad\'anced till they saw that it was probably a large
" tomb, when they protested they could go no further,
" the tomb was so much choked up with large stones,
"which tliey could not get out of the passage. I
" descended, examined the i)lace, pointetl out to them

" where they might dig, and in an hour there was
" room enough for me to enter through a passage that
" the earth had left under the ceiling of the first
" corridor, which is ?t(j ft. 2 in. long, and 8 ft. 8 in. wide,
" and, when cleared of the ruins, G ft. 9 in. high,
" I perceived immediately by the painting on the
BELZONI'S NARRATIVE OF ITS DISCOVERY J^
"ceiling, and by the liicioglyphics in Imsso relievo,

"which were to be seen wlieio (he earth (hd not rcacli,
"that this was the entrance intn a hirg€ and niagniti-
"cent tomb. At the ew\ of this corridor I came to a
" staircase 23 ft. long, and of the same l)readth as the
"corridor. The door at the bottom is 12ft. high.

" From the foot of the staircase I entered another
" corridor, 37 ft. 3 in. long, and of the same width and
" height as the other, each side sculptured with
" hieroglyphics in hasso relievo, and painted. The
" ceiling also is finely painted, and in pretty good
" preservation. The more I saw, the more I was eager
" to see, such being the nature of man ; but I was
" checked in my anxiety at tliis time, for at the end of
" this passage I reached a large pit, wliich intercepted
" my progress. This pit is 30 ft. deep, and 14 ft. by
"12 ft. 3 in. wide. The upper part of the pit is
" adorned with figures, from the wall of the passage

" up to the ceiling. The passages from the entrance
" all the way to this pit have an inclination downward
" of an angle of eighteen degrees. On the opposite side
" of the pit facing the entrance I perceived a small
" aperture 2 ft. wide and 2 ft. 6 in. high, and at the
" bottom of the wall a quantity of rubbish. A rope
" fastened to a })iece of wood, that was laid across the
" passage against the projections wliich formed a kind
" of door, appears to have been used by the ancients
" for descending into the pit ; and from the small
" aperture on the opposite side hung another, which
"reached the Ix it torn, no douljt lor the purpose of

" ascending. AVe eonld clearly perceive, that the water
" wliich entered the ])assages from the torrents of rain
" ran into this pit, and tlie wood and rope fastened to
" it crumbled to dust on touching them. At the
" bottom of the pit were several pieces of wood, placed
" against the side of it, so as to assist the person who
" was to ascend by the rope into the aperture.* I saw
" the impossibility of proceeding at the moment. Mr.
" Beechey, who that day came from Luxor, entered the
" tomb, but was also disappointed.
" The next day, the 19th, by means of a long beam
" we succeeded in sending a man u}) into the aperture,
" and having contrived tomake a bridge of two beams,
" we crossed the pit. The little aperture we found to
" be an ojjening forced through a wall, that had
" entirely closed the entrance, which was as large as
" the corridor. The Egyptians had closely shut it up,
" })lastered tlie wall over, and painted it like the rest
" of the sides of the pit, so that but for the aperture,
" it would have been impossible to suppose, that there
"was any further jiroceeding; and anyone would

" conclude, that the tomb ended with the pit. The
" rope in the inside of the wall did not fall to dust, but
" remained pretty strong, the water not having reached
"it at all; and the wood to whic-h it was attached was
" in good preservation. It was owing to this method
"of keeping the damp out of the inner parts of the
" tomlj, that they are so well preserved. I observed
p.elzoni'r nakrative of its discovekv 75
".some cavities at the Ituttnni ol" the well, Init found

" nothiniTj in thciii, nor any eoiniiuiiiication I'rctiii the
"Itottom to any other ])lace ; therefore we eouM not
"doulit their being made to receive the waters from
" the rain, which happens occasionally in this moun-
" tain. The valley is so much raised by the rubbish,
" which the water carries down from the upper parts,
" that the entrance into these tombs is become much
" lower than the torrents ; in consequence, the water
" finds its way into the tombs, some of which are
" entirely choked up with earth.
" When we had passed through the little aperture
" we found ourselves in a beautiful hall, 27 ft. 6 in. by
" 25 ft. 10 in., in which were four pillars 3 ft. square.
" I shall not give any description of the painting, till I
" have described the whole of the chambers. At the
" end of this room, which I call the entrance-hall, and
" opposite the aperture, is a large door, from which
" three steps lead down into a chamber witli two
" pillars. This is 28 ft. 2 in. ])y 25 ft. G in. The pillars
" are 3 ft. 10 in. square. I gave it the name of the
" drawing-room ; for it is covered with figures, which,
" though only outlined, are so fine and perfect, that
" you would think they had drawn only the day
lieen
" before. Returning into the entrance-hall, we saw
" on the left of the aperture a large staircase, which
"descended into a corridor. It is 13ft. 4 in. long,
" 7 ft. 6 in. wide, and has 18 steps. At the bottom we
" entered a beautiful corridor, 36 ft. Gin. by Gft. 11 in.
" AVo jM'i'crived that the ])ainlin,us hecaiuo im>iv jicrlVet

"as we ad\-aiiced farther iutn the iiiterinr. Tlicy
"retained their ^loss, or a kind of varnish over the
"colours, which had a beautiful eftect. The figures are
"painted on a white ground. At the end of this
"corridor we descended ten steps, wliich I call the

"small stairs, into another, 17 ft. 2 in. hy 10 ft. Sin.
" From this we entered a small chamber, 20 ft. 4 in. by
" 13 ft. 8 in., to which I gave the name of the Room of
" Beauties ; for it is adorned with the most beautiful
" figures in hasso relievo, like all the rest, and painted.
" When standing in the centre of this chamber, the
" traveller is surrounded by an assembly of Egyptian
" gods and goddesses. Proceeding farther, we entered
"a large hall, 27 ft. Din. by 26 ft. 10 in. In this hall
"are two rows of square pillars, three on each side of
" the entrance, forming a line with the corridors. At
" each side of this hall is a small chamber ; that on the
"right is 10 ft. 5 in. by 8 ft. 8 in., that on the left
"10 ft. 5 in. by 8 ft. 9^ in. This hall I termed the

" Hall of Pillars ; the little room on the right, Isis'
" Room, as in it a large cow is ]»ainted, of which I
"shall gi\'e a description hereafter; that on the left,
" the Room of Mysteries, from the mysterious figures

" it exhibits. At the (îd of this hall we entered a
"large saloon, with an arched roof or ceiling, which is
"separated from the Hall of Pillars only by a step

"so that the two may be reckoned one. The saloon
"is 81 ft. 10 in. by 27ft. On the right is a small
BELZONI S NARRATIVE OF ITS DISCOVERY ^"J
"chamber without anything in it, roughly cut, as if
" unfinished, and without ])ainting ; on the left we

" entered a chamber with two S(|uare piUars, 25 ft. 8 in.
"by 22ft. 10 in. This I called the Sideboard Room,

" as it has a j)rojection of 3 ft. in form of a sideboard
" all round, ^^•hich was perhaps intended to contain the
" articles necessary for the funeral ceremony. The
"pillars are oft. 4 in. s(|uare, and the whole beautifully
" painted as tlie rest. At the same end of the room,
"and facing the Hall of Pillars, we entered liy a large
"door into another ehambcr with four pillars, one of
" which is fallen down. This chamber is 43 ft. 4 in. by
"17 ft. 6 in. ; the pillars 3 ft. 7 in. scjûare. It is covered
" with white plaster, where the rock did not cut
" smoothly, but there is no painting on it. I named it
" the Bull's, or Apis' Room, aswe found the carcass

" of a bull in embalmed with asphaltum and also,
it, ;
" scattered in various places, an immense (|uantity of
" small wooden figures of mummies 6 or 8 in. long,
"and covered with asphaltum to preserve them.

"There were some other figures of fine earth baked,
" coloured blue, and strongly varnished. On each side
" of the two little rooms were wooden statues standing
" erect, 4 ft. high, with a circular hollow inside, as if to
"contain a roll of papyrus, which I have no doubt
" they did. AVe found likewise fragments of other
" statues of wood and of composition.
" But the description of what we found in the centre
" of the saloon, and which I have reserved till this place,
" merits the most particular attention, not having its
" equal in the world, and being such as we had no idea

" could exist. It is a sarcophagus of the finest oriental
" alabaster, 9 ft. 5 in. long, and 3 ft. 7 in. wide. Its
" thickness is only 2 in., and it is transparent, when a
" light is i)laced in the inside of it. It is minutely
" sculptured within and without with several hundred
" figures, which do not exceed 2 in. in height, and
"represent, as I suppose, the whole of the funeral
"procession and ceremonies relating to the deceased,
" luiited with several emblems, &c. I cannot give an
" adequate idea of this beautiful and iuMiluable piece
" of antiquity, and can only say, that nothing has been
" brought into Europe from Egypt that can l)e coni-
" pared with it. Tlie cover was not there; it had been
" taken out, and Ijroken into several pieces, which we
" found in digging before the first entrance. The
" sarcophagus was over a staircase in tlie centre ol the
"saloon, which communicated with a subterraneous
" passage, leading downwards, 300 ft. in length. At the
" end of this passage we found a great quantity of bats'
" dung, which choked it up, so that we could go no
" farther without digging. It was nearly filled up too
" by the falling in of the u])per ])art. One liundred feet
" from the entrance is a staircase; in good preservation ;
" liut tlic rock l)elow changes its sul)stance, from a beau-
"lif\il snlid calcarcMMis stone, l)CComing a, kind of bhick
" rotten slate, wliich crumbles into chist only Ijy touching.
'•This subterraneous passage proceeds in a soutli-west
BENZONI S NARRATIVE OF ITS DISCOVERY 79
"direction througli the mountain. I measured the

" distance from the entrance, and also the rocks above,
"and found that the passage reaches nearly lialfway
" through the mountain to the upper part of the valley.
" I have reasons to suppose, that this passage was used
" to come into the toml) l)y another entrance ; l)ut this
"could not be after the death of the person who was

" l)uried there, for at the bottom of the stairs just
" under the sarcophagus a wall was built, which
" entirely closed the connnunication between the toml)
" and the subterraneous passage. Some large blocks of
" stone were placed under the sarcophagus horizontally,
" level with the pavement of the saloon, that no one
" might percei\'e any stairs or subterranean passage
" was there. The doorway of the sideboard room had
" been walled up, and forced open, as we found the
" stones with which it was shut, and the mortar in the
"jambs. The staircase of the entrance-hall had been

" walled up also at the bottom, and the space filled
" with rul)bish, and the floor covered with large blocks
" of stone, so as to deceive any one who should force
" the fallen wall near the pit, and make him suppose,
" that the tomb ended with the entrance-hall and the
" drawing-room. I am inclined to believe, that who-
" ever forced all these passages must have had some
"spies with them, who were well acquainted with the
"tomb throughout. The tomb faces the north-east,
"and the direction of the wliole runs straight soulli-
" west."
( 8o )
CHAPTER II.
THE ANTE-CHAMBER OF THE TUAT.

In tlie Fn;.ST Division of ilie "UiM.k of (4ates of the
Tuat," aec'onliiiy; tn the saicojtliaguw of Seti I., we see

I lie lioi'izoii (if the west, or the mountain of the west,
C:=£l , divided into two parts, Q= d2 , and the boat of the
sun is supposed to sail between tliem, and to enter by

this passage into the Tuat. On the right hand is fixed
a jackal -headed standard, and on each side of it kneels
a bearded god; one god is called 'Pat,
and is a personification of the region wliich is lieyond
the day, and the other 8et, ^ , and represents the
funeral mountain. On the left hand is a ram-headed

standard, and on each side of it also kneels a bearded
god ; as before, one is called Tat and the other Set.
The ram's liead has the liori/oiital, wavy horns, wiiicli
belong to the particular species of ram that was the

symbol of the god Khnenni ; this animal disappeared
from Egypt l)efore tlie Xllth Dynasty, but the tradition
of him rcmaincil. In the iiiiddh; f»f the scene sails the
boat of the sun. '\'\\v god is s} inbolized by a beetle
within a disk, which is cn\clopcd in the folds of a
IS
n Vvil.lU-lllJ,
w
I ra(-
i«l:i5il!f-|ll
:«c
{-Si
U "^Îa ^^
VOL. II.
— H
82 THE ANTE-CHAMBER OF THE TUAT
serpeiil lia\ iug its iail in ils iiiouLh. lii the bows
stands the ,uod of divine intelligence, whose name is
Sa, ^^, and ill Iho sl(>rii, near the twn ])addles, stands
Heka, Jj, i.e., Iht; persoiiificatiou of the word of
power, or of magical utterance. The go<l wlio nsuall}'
accompanies Sa is Hr. The text which refers to the

Sun -god reads :
O D
—
O
A^^W\A
qi
fl
I I I /VWV\^
=^-:\i\^\ AAA/W\
I I I
-M AA/NAAA /Vn/VW\
/\A/VV\A / I
AAAAAA
I D O I I I ^ ^ ^
(IQ-Q.
/v^vvJa I I I I I r/vj-rj- A -y- I II AA/V\AA I i
' "^
i di
A/V\AAA <C_->
I I
I
rwvvs/\
11
*fv
J I ^ _Zr /wwv^ _M^ GE^ I A^ I I r
" Efi saith unto the Alountain : — Send forth liglit, O
" Mountain ! Let radiance arise from tliat wliich liath
"devoured me, and which hath slain men and is Idled

"with the slaughter of the gods. Uriîth to you,
" yc who dwell ill tlic liglit in your lialiitatioiis, my
DliM-Cîl^fjiflttf^ ;:y:^
— —
84 THE ANTE-CHAMBER HE THE TUAT

" spleiulouvs shall be to y(ju. I have decreed their
"slaugliter, and they have slaup^htered everythin<i;
"which existeth. 1 haw^ liidden }'()U from those who

" are upon the earth, restoring the crown (or, tiara) to
" those who are on the Mountain. The gods say :
'"Let this jackal -headed sceptre H j

emit the words
" of this great god who joineth together his members.
" Come then unto us, thou from whom we have come
" forth ! Cries of joy are to thee, thou who art in
" thy disk, thou great god whose forms (or transforma-
" tions) are manifold.' Their provisions [consist] of
" bread-cakes and beer."
The paragraph below the abo\e text is practically a
duplicate of it, but it contains no mention of either the

jackal-headed or the ram-headed sceptre, and it is
unnecessary to give it here.
On the right of the boat stand twelve gods, who are
called "gods of the mountain," \\\ J] i

"^ , aiul
the text referring to them reads :
^ I
| f;iiiiiii tt /VV\AAA
[~]
I i_J A^yWV\ —. (J I
—
THE TWENTY-FOUR GODS OF SET-AMKNTKT 85
" [These gods] have come into being from Ka, and
" from his substance, and have emerged from his eye.
" He hath decreed for them [as] a place (or, abode) the
" Hidden Mountain (AmetU Set), which consumeth men,
"and gods, and all cattle, and all reptiles wliich are
" created by this great god. This great god hath decreed
" the plans (or, designs) thereof having made [them] to
" spring up in the earth which he created."
On the left of the boat stand twelve gods, who are
called "gods of Set-Amentet," |

|
r?) '
^^^ (J ^^>
|
and the text refcrrhig to them reads :
ij i ^ 1j £=3^^^ I I I
s=j ^n 1 I I I Jl
- — fl2=c5
I I I I
" The hidden place. [These are] those who have

" consumed the men, and the gods, and all the cattle,
" and all the reptiles which this great god hath created.
" This great god hath decreed plans for them after
" he made them to spring up in the land wliieh he
" created, that is to say, in the Amentet wliich he
" made."
—
( 86 )
CHAPTEE III.
THE GATE OF SAA-SET.
The SEco^'D Division of the Tuat.
The Loat of Ea, liaviiig passed between the two

halves of the horizou of the West, now approaches a
gateway, the door of which is closed before him ; the
door of the second division of the Tuat is different
from the doors of the other di\-isions, for it consists of
a single leaf which turns upon a pivot working in

holes in the top and bottom of the framework of the
door. This door is guarded by a serpent called SxVA-
Set, ^^ ^^j^ ^ I , which stands upon its tail. The

text referring to this serpent reads :
^ ^ I imimi A/ww\ imimi /www .-^^ _^^ ^ jt^ t— c C:£^

^ V ^ —— " i iii i ii!!
/ww\A jN
^ Q r\ i""""" i a
O I AA/VvV,
iiiiiiiii
' ^ Z 7i I ^r^^^
—— " iiiiimi 1
I I I
iiiiimi AA/WV\
THE GATE OF SAA-SET 87
"He who is over (i.e., lias llic (3m

this door opeiieth to
"mastery over)
" Ri. Sa saith unto Sat-Set, ' Open
thy i2u
" thy door to Ra, throw wide t»peii
" door to Khuti. The hidden abode is

"
in darkness, so that the transforma-
%l
"tions of this god may take place.'
"This portal is closed after this god

" hath entered in through it, and there
"
is lamentation on the part of those
"who are in their momitain when
" they hear this dcjor shut."
In the centre of the scene we see
the hoat of Ra heing towed along hy

four gods standing, each of whom
grasps the tow-line with Ijoth hands.
The god is now in the form of a ram-
headed man, who holds the sceptre
1 in his right hand, and has the solar
disk above his horns. He stands
within a shrine which is enveloped in
the voluminous folds of the serpent
Mehen, °^; a serpent also stands on
his tail before him. In frtmt of the

'Si\
shrine stands Sa, and behind it Hekau.
the boat are called -/^
The ''ods who tow
TUAIU, ^ÎCTDÎ.
—
88 SECOND DIVISION OF THE TUAT
The Sim's boat is met iu this section by a company

of thirteen gods, who are under the direction of a god
who holds a staff in his hand. The names of the first
seven gods are:— Nepemeh, ,^ NexiiA, '^,2 Ba,
Q, Heku, ^^, r.EHA-AB, ^^"O"? Khnemu, Q, and
Setchet, 1 ^°^ ; the tliird has tlie head of a ram, an<I
the fourth that of a liawk. The last six uods
_^,
-'2;»V^>''
_,_ ""^r- . jy ^^ .tss^^sw^lip
<^ 1
The Bout (if the Sun tuwcd by Gods of the Tuat.
are described as "gods who ;iit' in llie entrances,"
has no uanic. Tlic tcxl which vi'tVrs lo tlic Sun-god

reads :
N^^^V1l:^k
' Viir., Nki'KN, Q Q .
' Viii., Xkna, /wwv\^
0^
Seven of the Gods of the Kntrances who tow the Soat of the Sun through
Saa-Set.
ff jlJl.n-JL- '"'118 ^^|,iii

ir ^ fi !
-irS
VI ^ P^J :^ tT ^
Six of the Gods of the Kntrances wlio tow the Boat of tlie Sun tliroueh
Saa-Sct, and a god who bears a !«taff.
go SECOND DIVISION OF THE TUAT
<^^^ .~~^ inn ^ -<2=^

— A^Sf liiicr:zi^
1
|i
(5 ^ Q <rr 1^
cm] ^
I I
rj AAAA/V\ ^K\ ^
^1-* l" I I I
<C5N..
^n^'^^vr^ 9 ^^ (2 I I I
AA^Â^ —— n h
Jn
i
Qp! I I I
[~i^] n I
-<2>- '^'^'^'^'^ A^\AAA

I M I e I I I M I
AA/W^ rt
A^^>/VNA 2±2 A^^\AAA

PI e I I I AAA/SAA
- Q
I
iCi
I
AAA/W\
I I I
/T\
^ I I I
n
* I
'
III
1
AÂA^\ AAAA/SA
wi I
1=311 ^ ci
?Q I III ci I LTUTiininr ! JJ
III U X »^ hl\N\N\ I HI X t ^ I / A /ww^
'^ ^'^'^^
I 1 I IV I I
I I I I fl
"Tills uR'ut "'Oil iuiiiiicNctii almiu the loail.s ul" the

SPEECH UF RA TO THE GODS OF SAA-SET QI
"Tuat. This god is drawn by the gods of the Tuat

" in order to make divisions (or, distinctions) in the
"earth, and to work out [his] designs therein, to weigh
" words and deeds in Anient, to magnify the great god
" above the little god among the gods who are in the
"Tuat, to place the Knu (i.e., the blessed dead) upon
" their thrones, and the damned [in the place] to which
" they have been condenuied in the judgment, and to
" destroy their bodies by an evil death. Ra saith :
— '
"grant ye to me that I may restore the tiara, and tliat
" I may have jxtsscssion of [my] shrine which is in the

" earth. Let Sa and Heka unite themselves to me for
" the working out of plans for you, and for making to
" come into being their attributes (or, forms) ye [have]
"what is yours. Isis hath made to be at i)eace the

" wind, and offerings are there. None shutteth [the
" door] against you, and the damned do not enter in
" after you. That which belongeth to you is to you,
"gods.' These gods say imto Ra, 'There is darkness

"on the road of the Tuat, therefore let the doors
" which are closed be unfolded, let the earth open,
"so that the gods may draw along him that hath
"created them.' Their food [i.e., the food of these
" gods] is of the funeral oft'erings, and their drink
" is from their cool waters, and their hands are
"on meat olVcriuus among the Akert regions of
" Anient."
On the right ol' ihc boat arc lwi-iily-l'o\u' gods,
the lirst twelve of wliom are described as "those
—
92 SECOND DIVISION OF THE TUAT
who are at peace, the worshippers of Ea,"
•jlc ^K\ ^ J
3Q and the second twelve as
,
" the righteous
who are in the Tuat," ^^ ^ '
^
" "
^^ ^
These beings are thus described by the accompanying
text :
^ O®
S w/wv Jl I A(^ III I I ID D
^^ 1>\
>AAAA
I I I
AAAAAA AA/W\A
'
^^WW\ I
^ ci D JT 111
\7 A/'/>/v/V\ \X\ ill Wn.

I I
I I 1 II -B^ \l Jl I I I I D I I I I I I I
1 ^/ww\ tk<^ I 1 I
II I I cmi -^^
I I I
w
I I I O I ^ I I I
^ D ^
-ZI 1
AA/VW\ AAAAAA
AAAAAA tl^lrriki z^^^M.11 1 I
z^^^^ ^ lllllllll UiW

mh @
u u _ 3fcT:^
I I
|<:z=>
^'<^ oa I
iVIP^lSÎ^fPi^SPi: 1
H
sl I
TWENTY-FOUR RIGHTEOUS GODS OF SAA-SET 93
fiiy>?U ..^^(sSII^^-i^M'Sls:
(fî V rr^ Li_i )^ • I ^^^^ :^;^ •^ "^^*" "^ "^r**
£3 • JP^ ^ -^M /vvwvv;

rr^^' ; '^ôT 1^=^
AV^VA'-A
"
94 SFXOND DIVISION OF THE TUAT

AWAA i-\ 'W^^/V^ AA/WV\
AAAAAA AAA/VSA
1 iT I I
^ 111 f ^ I 1 I I I 11 I I -^
.^.^ ^^
AA/Â\ 1 I I A.^WÂ X ^ ^
to-: u
n ^ -H— rrj
^ w ft
ci D dl <=> ^ O "^"^^
" Tliese [are they who] have worshipped (or, praised)

" Ea upon earth, who uttered words of power against
" Apep, who made their offerings' unto him, and who
" burnt (literally, made) incense to their gods on their

" own Ijehalf, after their offerings. They liave gained
" jDOssession of their cool waters, and they receive their
" meat, and they eat of their offerings in the gateway
"of liini wliose name is hidden. Their meat is by the
" gateway, and their offerings are with him who is
" therein. And Ra saith unto them :

— Your offermgs
'
" are yours, ye have power over your cool waters, your
"souls shall never be hacked to pieces, your meat
"shall never fail, [0 ye who have] praised [me], and
" have vanquished Apep for me.'
The a])ove passage refers to the " worshippers of Ra
who are at peace,"
" [These are] they [who] spake trutli u]ion earth,
—
SPEECHES OF RA AND THE HODS 95
"and ulio \\v\v iiol .ulilicLtMl lo e\il tliuughl about tlie
" gods. They mako their invocations in this gateway,

" tliey live iqxtn maat (i.e., trutli), and their cool
" waters are in their cisterns. Efi saith unto tliem :
"'Truth is yours, live ye <»n your food. Ye yourselves

;
" are trutli ' and they have power over these their cool
" waters, whicli are waters of fire to tliose wlio have
.
'
.... ' ..... . . . . . ... » . -^: r-: . ,, . .
•***.* VI'.*' •
* *.•.* *.*.'.'!',.•••'»' \. - ~ ','• I
'..',''' ' •' •
•^^ I I I
' ' " ^-*^ «J^~w^ 0^ -[J ^;__. MWVWW l/WW\ •*-\l
I Seven of the rifjliteous gods of the Tuat.
" guilt and sin. And these gods say to Ea :

— Let
'
" there he stability to tlie Disk of Ea. Let him tiiat is
" in the shrine have the mastery over it, and let the
" serpent [Mehen] guard him well. May the flames of
"Khnti which are in the corners of the hidden shrine
"grow stronger,' And there shall be given to them
" meat in the place of peace in their circle."
—
g6 SECOND DIVISION OF THE TUAT
The above passage refers to the " I'ighteous who are

ill the Tiiat."
On the h'f i side ( if the 1 "oat uf Jla are : 1. The god Tem,
^
wlio is depicted in tlie form of an aged man,
Njll IL
leaning heavily on a stick which lie grasps in his right

hand. 2. Four male beings who are lying prostrate on
their backs. ?>. Twenty male beings, with their Imcks
l)0wed, and their arms tied together at their ell)Ows
The
beliind their backs.
fonr beings are de-
^-^
S^ "X-"^- ^ ^^ scriljed as "the inert,"
jv I
'T^ i^Zm Zm^ZjJf^ tJie twenty as " the apos-
" tates of the Hall of Ea,
" who have ])lasphemed
who have
" Rii n])on earth,
" invoked evils npon liim

'•
tliat is in the Egg, who
•;. :•,• ;:.'v.\'- ::.":. I-.;- " ]iave tlirust aside the
The inert Apostates and Blasphemers . ,
ofRa. "right, and have spoken
"words against KhT'TI," ~<^'^v i
y^
O I
The text referring to tlie inert and tlio apostates

reads :
oTii O rv/ I ^2i

[ yWVAAA I
I I I
(2 /wwv^C:^5lll ^ Jr III i<CZ> I I I _^S D
/wwv\ ..JU,.-^^ ^wvaa'^^ ^^ tJ ^ ill'-'

iiinini
I
_fl I I I ^ .^ cz^ "-^"^ I I
<=> r\ rm
s=>
/WWNA
I I I
Ji f.
Y ^ ^^s=3 = ^
^ 5^ .
S^
2
s=>
I
<=:>
* c=^'A'^ <=>
I
"^3:^ n fk.
I «l==_
[^^ fV I
c=°>=3 i ^^^^^
11!^ Jl I !wiw! I I I I I II I I A/WWS I /WWVV 1 Jl 11 I
{WVWV A/^v/vV\ W AAAAAA V\ ^^^ A^^WV.

^*^
LU iiiiliiiiii:^^Ji
I I , , I I
1 ^^ ..,
I I I
<=^
4 =<^^ SiJ 21 <= Ml TT i III is=. Jf I S< I I
ô ^-=- <^ ° ^
^^^ zi -t^ ^= ^^^^^
^
I I I
[TZD ^ /i 1 I II X l'
"==^ °^ I I I I ^Jn=n:
" Tern worketh on behalf of Ra, glorifying the god,

VOL. IT. H
g8 SECOND DIVISION OF THE TUAT
" and singing praises to liis soul, and dislriliuting evil
"tilings to his enemies. [He saith] :

— 'Tiie word of
"my father lia is right (madt) against yon, and my

" word is right against yon. I am the son who }>ro-
"ceedeth from his father, and Iam the father who
"proceedeth from his son. Ye are fettered, and ye
" are tied with strong cord, and it is I who have sent
"forth the decree concerning vou that ve should he
^^ , ,««v« -, w-vw • • • — . • .
— ' •«=>• "- ."^r^ v( — ' \_L
Tlie Apostates and liliispliemers of Ra, who arc (loomed to destruction, with
their arms bound.
"hound in fetters; youi' arms shall ne\er more he

"opened. Ha ])ron()nn('eth the formula against yon,
" his soul is prepared to attack you ; my father hath
"gained the mastery over you, and his soul uttereth
" words against you. Your evil deeds [ha\'e turned]
"against yon, your ])lottings [have come] u])on you,

" your ahominahle acts [have recoiled] \\\)on you, your
"destinies are for evil, and your dcjoni hath heen
RA S DECREE OE DOOM 99
"decreed before Ea; your unjust and perverted judg-

" ments are upon yourselves, and the wickedness of
" your words of cursing are upon you. E\'il is the doom
" wliicli hath l)een decreed for you before my father.
" It is you who have committed sins, and who have
"wrought iniipiity in the Great Hall; your corruptible
Sn * '^ e III <WW^ —»M— *WW "V =*

'' ^ V^^l ^ •>
tvv»»rt IjT^ . . .
•_!_: ^- ^ ^ r^ t:; 2^ Sr^

»^3f Pll
The Apostates and Bliispheiners of RS, who arc doomed to destruction, with
their arms bound.
" l)odies shall be cut in pieces, and your souls shall

" have no existence, and ye shall ne\'er again see Ra
" with his attril)utes [as] he journeyeth in the hidden
"land. Hail, Ha! Adored be Ra! Tiiino enemies are
"in tlie ])lace of destruction.'"

( 100 )
CHArTEE lY.
THE GATE OF AQEBI.

The Tiiiijd Division of the Tuat.
The l3oat of the sun having passed tln-ough the Second

Division of the Tuat arrives at the gateway ^^hic'h
leads to the Third Division. This gateway is unlike
the first, which has already been described, for its
opening is protected l)y an outwork, similar to tliat
which protects the door of a fortified Iniilding. The

outwork is guarded by nine gods, in the form of
mummies, who are described as the " second company

of the o
gods," ^^ 111 V
^' , iiiid in this wall, which com-
' 111 jk
pletely divides the Second Di\isi(>n from the Third,

is an opening, whicli leads to a ccmidor that runs
between tw(i walls, tlio tojis of whicli are protected by
rows of poiiilod stakes, AAA AAA. At the entrance to
the corridor stands a god, in nmmmied form, called
Am-aua, °
^;^ "^^ I , and at the exit is a similar
—— m n A /wwv\ ^Y> /wwvA
god called Sekhahesnefunen, I
each is said to "extend his arms and hands to Ka,"
I I AAAAftA, At each side of the angle, near

D X - QO il
î2.tii:f34>iay3&i^>^4i
The Gate of the Serpent Aiiebi.

—
102 THIRD DIVISION OF THE TUAT
the t'liiraucc to the corridor, is a serpent, who ejects
Haines from mouth; the tiame from the one sweeps

liis
al(»ii,i!,- the corrido]-, at the end of which it is met by

the llaiue from the other ser})ent which sw"ee})S along
the inside of the inner walL Tlie tiames of these
serpents are said to l)e for Ea, M ww\a ^ "Yha
gateway leading to the Third Division is called Septet-
UAUAU, <
—=-3 '^^^*^^ ^'^^^ ^^*^'*^*^" thereof,
I i
iOtyIII,''
whicli opens inwards, is guarded by the serpent standing
on his tail, who is called Aqebi, 'î^ '^ '^^' ^^^^^

J HH
faces outwards. The texts referring to the entrance of
Ila through this gateway read:
-/i A/VWV\ 1 I <^ ^ I -Si) "^ AAA/V\A ( I «iJ '^ AAAWV\ I I
lllllllll
LJ AAA/Vv\
—"-«^^" AA/V\/\A
<^ D
^•^ -^ A/W\AA
A/WSAA
"mmnr n -^ sQ I X
AA/W\A
F^Y^ 11
iiiniiii
r]
AA/VW\
/
° n n ^ <ci
—>^
1 I AAAA
AAAAAA I U
ra mm
71 -rl lllllllll
ra's address to the serpent aqebi 103
" [When] this god cometh to this gateway, to enter

" in through this^ gateway, the gods who are therein
" acclaim this great god, [saying], '
Let this gateway be
" unfokled t(.) Khuti, and let the doors be opened to
" him that is in heaven. Come then, thou traveller,
" who dost journey in Amentet.' He who is over this
" door openeth [it] to Ra. Sa saith unto Aqebi, Open '
" thy gate to lia, unfold thy door to KiiUTi. He shall
"illumine the darkness, and he shall force a way for

" the light in the habitation which is hidden.' This
" door is closed after the great god hath entered
" through it, and there is lamentation to those who are
" in tlieir gateway when they hear this door close
" [upon them]."
Along the middle of the Tiiiinj Division we see the
lioat of the sun being drawn along l)y four gods, as
Ijefore ; the ^ôd Ka stands in a slirine, similar to that
already descril)ed, and his companions are Sa and

IIekau. The roi)e l»y which the boat is towed along is
fastened to tlie two ends of a êry remarka])le oljject,
in the form of a long l»eam, each end of which

terminates in a 1 mil's head. The acconi})aiiying text
describes it as "his boat," ^^ '^'^=^ y '^^^^^ from the fact
that the Umr gods who tow the boat are seen again at
ibf olhrr cud of the bcaui-liki' object, with the towing-

rope in their hands, it is clear tliat the boat of 11a, and
the god himself, were V)elieved to pass through it, from
one end to tlie other. The object is supported on the
;
shoulders of eight gods, in numiiuied form, " who are
called " Bearers of the gods," ^^.^^"^ (](]

"^ ^ °
J I
at each end, innnediately behind the liuU's head, stands

a Inill, and at intervals seven gods, wlio are called " the
Lmt T VK ^ • i^ y ?^ -1 .^
>'• S^ fr>
The Gods of the Third Division of the Tuat towiiiir tlic Boat, of Ka,
'
t? f^ l-TJ "T-.
.15
^
Tlic I'^H^ht lijarei'B cif the Boat of tlic Earth and its Seven Ciods.
gods who arc within," ^ I
i
— V\
n a.
V\ i, are seated
Tijioii it. At the end of this Division stand I'onr
ininnmicfl I'oiins, witli their ellMiws ]ir()jeeting, and

their hands crossed on theii hrcasls. 'Tlic Icxt
—
KA PASSES THROUGH THE KARTH-GOD IO5
which refers to the passage of the boat of the sun

reads :
A/^W\A
o /I\
1 '1
i=£3^ I I I
k
-
Q
Ml I I I
A.
www cli "^-^^^'
^
1 I xn ^\ D A
/v\/vsA^ \C\ I
^ inJilllllllllD
^kii¥ihT1Ji
IV^^kS^li-M'JJ^T^
io6 THIRD DIVISION OF THE TUAT
i*""^ O (E
AAAAAA
m
'^ ,
^
5«i_
dJ
AAÂAA — AV/W\ I I I ra
,
1 1 " , A/VWVN . (5 ^
I I I [111] [111] T
AAAA/V\ AAAAAA
1
I
I [111] ^î^^ 1 I A/V>AVv I /^

AAAAAA
/-•^ /WWVA
^ 111 ^
Q^} Pf^
^ 111 ^
^
<::i
A/WSAA,
AAAA^\ ^^(^3) D O
A/WVV\ 5 ^TP:
" This great god is towed along 1 )y the gods of the

'
Tuat, and this great god ad\'ancetli to the Boat of tlie
'
Earth, which is the bark of the gods. Ha saith unto
'
them :
— Hail,
' ye gods who hear up his Boat of
'
the Earth, and who lift np the Bark of the Tuat,
'may there l)c support to your forms and liglit
'unto your IJark. Holy is lie \\ ho is in the ])oat
'of the Earth. 1 make to go ))aek the ]>ark of

'
the Tuat which lieareth my forms (or, attributes),
'and verily I travel into the hidden haliitation to
'perform the plans which are carried ont therein.'

'ExKUiiKiiATA, Ennuhkhata [saitli], 'Praised be the
'Soul which the J)oul)le Bull liatli swallowed, and
'let ihc god lie at peace willi that wliich lie hath
"
'
created.'
The eriecl of llie abo\"e Words is lo allow the Suu-

ôd and his boat to pass through the double bull-
—
RA PASSES THROUGH THE EARTH-GOD I07
headed 15oal (»f the Earth \vithi»\it any let or liinch-anee,
and wiien he has done tliis,
"These gnd.s (i.e., the four gods at the other end of

"the JJuat of tlie Earth) say to Ea :
— 'Praised lie Ha,
" whose Soul hath been absorbed by tlie Earth-god !
" 1 'raised be the gods of Ea wlio hath rested [tlierein].'

"This J)oat of its Tuat rejoiceth, and there are cries
" from them after Ea hath passed them as lie journeyeth
"on his way. Their ott'eiings are the i)lants of the year,
r^ ^
T ,r=
i:::
«v>wM
^>1
«ww« i_L^-
^ « ^t^^\
—— A
t-j.
• '^^ I"** »c - r-
'b
-"^
^^
\^ I \/
IV -^ '- f^^ 1^•;^ :zrD m^»^

/««^ ^_
-^ ^-^w.^.^
'^--w-i.^ |UM 1^
A««M, Iujm
a««m, T I .r[^
.Ti
1-a '^.
"III
'-^^— ^^^^ 11^ '-'^w'^ N.\W v^* f^ >"*^ "»€ >! 7^^
<
i—i /I *;;i^ ^ fa.
"I «*VW
I
i;^'«-» "^.^^ M .vAMM « > ...Til
I I
TP
tttt The
^fr#»f
Tuat-j?otl.s address the Utnii.
"and their otl'erings arc gi\en lo them when tliey liear

" the words of those who draw along this great god.
"The gods of the Tuat(0 ^^''" [draw] the lioly Eoat
"in the earth say unto the Utau, whose arms are
" hidden :
— O ye Utau
' of the earth, whose duty it is to
" stand( near his habitation, w hose heads are uneovered,
"and wlutse arms are hidden, may liiere be air t<j your
"nostrils, <) IItaT', and may your funeral swathings
" be burst o[)en, and may n'ou iia\e tlie mastery over
io8 THIRD DIVISION OF THE TUAT
" your meats, and may
ll3a;ii:
"yoii have peace (or,
" rest) in that which I

" ha^'e created. Their
V "food is of bread
t "cakes, and their
" liread is made of
I* " the red grain, the
" draughts whicli they
" drink are of [cool]
in« " water, and their meat
" is given unto them
" because of the white-
" ness ((»r, brilliance)
" of their apparel in
" the Tuat."
I" On tlie right hand
side of this Division
of the Tuat the boat
3if ir!>ii<! 1 of the Sun passes
twelve shrines, each
(if which has its doors
thrown wide open, and
so permits us to sec a
god in mummied form
standing inside it
llu'sc gods are de-

scribed as " tlie holy
"^ L;(jds who are in the
ll<4 11-11:
The-Twclvc holj' Goils who are lu the Tual,

—
THE GODS OF THE BOILING LAKE log
I*
T-.-inî^qflîiî^-
cm]
- I
the frout of the twelve shrines stretches an enormous

serpent, the duty of which is to protect those who
stand in them. Beyond the shrines is a long basin
or lake of Iwiling water, with rounded ends, in
wliieli stand up to their waists twelve mummied
gods, witli black heads, who either have white bodies,
or are arrayed in wliite apparel ; in front of each god
grows a large ear of wheat. These gods are described
as "the gods in the l)oiling lake," ]

|
|nr v '
1 . TJie texts which relate to both groups

I ^ j I Jl
of beings are as follows :
u
I I I I
AAAA/V\
I I I
lllllllll
\ \ \ A J^ Kl
Oil I l^= W Jta
A/VWAA i±i^
/wvAAA /vvvvv\ AÂA/^^
/vvvvv\
I I I -^ I^Sfffi^l T— £?
*.
I I I I
\my I I I I I I I /-/V/>AA I
ra
I W A
('^^îS^^
i^ ^
I
in
/NA/>AAA
w I rT~i
G
^ AA/Vv\A
D (2 t.
^ =0=111
no THIRD DIVISION OF THE TUAT
A/AA/V\ ^'^^^"^ /VWAAA

111 rvW\JV\ I I I /WÂ/V^
A^(VvÂ H
'0' /WVVVv
lllllllll AAIWVS
8
,1 Df iiiiinrr
1 ^ I I I I 1
I I I I [III] D (2^^ 1^1

oa D n
,^Tifrfif 11T I s
AAAAAA
°^[
1
AfW\/V\
V ^^ ^ ^f ^VNAAA D
^_ ^ iy ^
/VVS/\AA — <:3 ili i^ AAAAAA
o m
I 11 <=
I
1 I I
1 ^f ^ I V
^ ^
n •^^ AAAAAA
CZEZl ^^(^ UN ^
AA/wv\ I, ' . . '
LIIIJ '^^S* — A/VÂA^ III [III] ^-^^

AA/WVA
C^ II II
RA ADDRESSES THE SHENNU GODS III
^
W I
I A ^ 111
III
/
/
^ ^ \U y
III (a
AA/w^^
'^=
,^^^ M
A-.^^v 1
v§\
Jl & D
/WyWN *^ C___Z) ^ AWWv_|

" [Those Avho are iu] their shrines are the meml »ers
" of tlie o-od whose shrines the serpent Seti guardeth.
" Ea saith unto them: — 'Open ye [the doors of] your
" shrines, so that my radiance may penetrate the
" darkness in which ye are ! I found you weeping and
"lamenting, with your shrines tightly closed, hut air
" shall he given to your nostrils, and I have decreed
" that ye shall have abundance to overflowing [in all
"tilings].' And these gods say unto Ilfi :

—'Hail, Ra,
" come thou into our lake, thou great god who ne\'er
"failest.' The Shennu gods who are before and behind
"him i)ay homage to him, and they rejoice in Ea when
" he traverseth [their] region, and when tlie great god
"journeyeth through the secret place. Their food
"consisteth of loa^•es of l^read, their drink is made
"from the red [1)arley], and their cool waters come
" from [their cisterns of] water, and the serpent of fire,
" Seti, giveth unto them the things whereon they live
" there. The door which shutteth them in closeth
" after this god hath passed through their midst, and
" they utter cries of grief when they hear their doors
" shut upon them."
The text iu brackets is supplied from Lefebure, Les Hypogees

'
Rnyaux de Thebc>< (Tombeau de Seti l^', iv^ partie, pi. xiv.), Paris,
1886.
—
The following re-
fers to the lake of
f water
Division :
in this
"1 " [Here is] the
"lake of water
"which is in the
"Tuat, and it is
•D "surronnded by
" the gods who are
"arrayed in [their]
"apparel, and who

" have [their] heads
" uncovered. This
" lake is filled with
nil'-'" " oreen herbs. The
" water of this lake
C'^M'I^
Of (
" is boilmg hot, and
•'
l"!* ^ ill if.
"the birds betake
"themselves to
"flight when they
C>i " see the waters

" thereof, and when
" they smell the
I o KX
" foetid
"is in
smell which
it. Unto
" these gods saith
"Ra:— '0 ye gods

HM:!IUI<k
"whose duty it is
•^ i.iii<;oiiir:d-îii*i:
The Gods of the Boiling Lake.
THE GODS OF THE BOILING LAKE II3
"[to guard] the green lierl>s of your lake, whose heads

"are unc<n'ered, and whose limbs are covered with
"garments, may there l)e air to your nostrils, and may
" otferings l)e made to you of the green herl)s, and may
"your meat l)e from your lake. The water thereof
"shall be yours, but to you it shall not be boiling, and
" the heat thereof shall not be upon your bodies.'
" These [gods] say unto Kfi :
— Come
' thou unto us,
" thou who sailest in thy Ijoat, whose eye is of blazing
" fire which consuineth, and hath a pupil which sendeth
" forth light The beings of the Tuat shout with joy
!
" when thou approachest send forth thy light upon us,
;
" thou great god who hast fire in thine eye.' Their
" food consisteth of loaves of bread and green herbs, and
" their drink (or, beer) is of the Icemtet plants, and their
" cool water is from [their cisterns of] water. And food
" shall be given unto them in abundance from this lake."
On the left of the path along which the boat of Ea
passes in this Division of the Tuat are two groups of
beings. In the first of these we see the god Tem,
, in the form of an aiied man, with bent shoulders,
leaning upon a staff ; coiled up before him in voluminous

folds, with its head fiat upon the ground, is the monster
serpent Apep, . l>ehind Apep stand nine men,

with their arms hanging by their sides ; these are
called tlie "Tchatciia who repulse Apepi," i i

^
^ VOL.
D D
II.
In the second group
I
is Te.m,
—
in a similar atti-
tude, and before

him stand nine
gods, each hold-
ing the symbol
of life in the
right hand, and
the sceptre I in
w< the left; the nine

gods are called
" Nebu khert,"
I-
i.e., " Lords of
destinies," -^ i
The texts
^vllich refer to
these groups
read :
III l-î.cû 1-
^=1
J\
a^ (2
^^
J\ u
Thc Tchalcha who reiJulse Apcp.

THE TCHATCHA WHO REPULSE APEP II5
I ^ I I I
^^ I I I D D ^ 11^ ^ i;
^3P5 D D
^^ ^^>- ^=3 AAAA^
„ U. >-Q*C «JU.
«>^kT?lI I I
i\
AAAA'vA
(T) 6)
^^-e°SHii-_c^_U^,. ,|inu^
o
s^SrniôMI^Srrit I I I I I s D
/www =1 S\ I
"I 1
fiiî^fli^^r^ ^ 0^^^=^ 4 M
ii6 THIRD DIVISION OF THE TUAT
ra
rô
(5
nifv
AAÂAA
I I I A I I I I
£r
A/V\AAA
>
AAAAAA ^
s D
1 ^ w^ ^-»-^
^ Ul I
AA/WVv
m-PY /O H
- jrSflt I lO 1 I1^¥J rsNsN^ I i 1 r
J\ D
J\ J\ '^ \\ \ \
A
^r?i <^
The first group shows us what " Tem hath done for
" Ea, aucl how he hath protected the god by words of
" magical power, and hath overthrown the serpent
" Seba. [Temu saith :
— ] '
Thou art prostrate, and thou
" shalt never more rise up ; thou art enchanted by [my
" enchantments], and thou shalt never more be found.
" The word of my father is madt against thee, and my
" word is madt against thee ; I have destroyed thee for
" Ea, and I have made an end of thee for Khuti.'
" The company of the gods of Ea who repulse Apep
" say :
— Thy head
' is slit, Apep, thy folds are gashed,
" thuu shalt never more envelop the boat of Ea, and
" thou shalt never again make a way into the divine
"bark. A flame of fire goeth out against thee from
" the hidden place, and we have condenmed thee to thy
THE LORDS O F DESTINIES (.'') 117
" dire doom.' Thuy (i.e.,
' the nine gods of the

"company of Ea) live
" upon the food of Ea,
"and upon the cakes
"of Khent-Amenti, for
V
are made on
" offerings
"their behalf upon ?r-.ll.

" earth, /^
and lilmtions of
" cool water are made
"unto them hy the lord
" of food (or, as lords of
" food) before Ea."

To the second group
of nine gods " Tem
saith :
— Inasmuch
' as
" ye are the gods who
" possess life and sceptre
" (i.e., authority), and
" who have mastery over
" your sceptres, drive ye in
" back the serpent Seba
" from Khuti, gash ye
" witli knives the foul
"and evil serpent Af.'
" These are the gods who
" work enchantments on
"Apep, who open the
" earth to Ea, and who
The Lords of Destiiiie.s(?).

ir8 THIRD DIVISION OF THE TUAT
" (sliut it against Apep iu the gates of Khenti-Amenti.

" They are those who are in the hidden place, and they
"praise Ea, and they destroy his enemies, and they
"protect the great one against the serpent Afu, and
" they utter cries of jo}" at the overthrow by Ea of the
" enemy of Ea. They live upon the meat of Ea, and
"on the cakes offered to Khenti-Amenti. Offerings
" are made on their behalf upon earth, and they receive
" libations through [their] word being madt in Anient,

" and holy are they of arm in their hidden place.
"They -utter cries to Ea, and they make lamentation
" for the great god after he hath passed by them, for
" when he liath departed they are enveloped in dark-
" ness, and their circle is closed upon them."
( Tin )
CHAPTER V.
THE GATE OF TCHETBI.

The Fourth Division of the Tuat.
The boat of the sun having passed through the Third

Division of the Tuat arrives at the gateway ^^•hicll
leads to the Fourtli Division. This gateway is like
that which admitted the god into the Third Division,

and its outwork is guarded l)y nine gods, in the form
of mummies, who are described as the " third com-
pany of the gods of the great god who are within,"

III
f) f=vi
entrance to tlie corridor which runs l)etween the two

walls is a god in munniiied form called En'UE]!KIIATA,
'^ ^n^ " , and at the exit is a similar god
called Seta-ta, v\ '^L. ;

eacli god has a
uraeus over his brow, and eacli is said to " extend his
arms and liands to Ha," ^ § 1 ^^ ^^ 9* ^^^^
corridor is swept by flames of hre which proceed from

the mouths of two serpents, stationed each at an
angle, and their " fire is for Ra." The gateway of the
Fourth Division is called XEi-.T-s-TcHErAF, ^ •'^^ i,
. „ (S) V I
——
120 FOURTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT
and the text says, " This great god cometh to this
''gateway, and entereth in tlu'ongh it, and the gods

" who are therein acclaim him," <=> IJ >/ | inI
- — 0' ^ v^ ' '^ ,,, U nr ' /vww\ fvi I
'^'^^
n wl ' ° "^^^^ company of gods say to
I I I I— \ I AAAAAA r
^ 1
•
Ea, " Open thon the earth, force thon a way throngh
" the Tnat and the region which is above, and dispel
" onr darkness ; hail, Ea, come thou to ns,'
^ O "t* I , J ;^^
2i —— H
fv (7\ NsN^N\
i
1 m^ i1
'
[][] ;
II
"^
I
-^v^/^
_B^ ^^=^
Aw^.
III
The monster serpent
which stands on his tail and guards the gateway is
called TcHETBi, ^^ \î ^^^'^ ^^^*^ ^^^^^ ^"^^'^ °^ ^"^^^
which refer to his admission of Ea read, " He who is
" over this door openeth to Ea. Sa saith to Tchetbi :
" Khuti,
' Open [thy] gate to Ea, unfold thy doors to
" that he may send light into the thick darkness, and
" may make his radiance illumine tlie hidden habitation.'
"This door is shut after this great god hath passed

" through it, and there is lamentation to those who are
" in this gateway when they hear this door close upon
rrrSr K—i^ ^^zz^ A.r~^ wm /^^ww -^ \\ iU i

^^^^=^ I I
•<
rf:n=H5±i'iw^^ê=î
. ..». I »^—^^—^r—r*
The Gate of the Serpent Tchetbi.

^
^ n
D UZZ3
^ z] Ji I
ra D
^ j\ mm
I
^/wws
In the middle of this Division we see tlie boat of Ea

lieing towed on its way by four gods of the Tuat ; the
god is in the same form as before, and stands in a
shrine enveloped by Me hen. Sa stands in the liows,
and Heka at the stern. Tlie boat advances to a long,
low building with a heavy cornice, which contains nine
small shrines or chapels ; in each of these is a god in
mummied form lying on his back. Tlie nine gods are
described as the "gods who follow Osiris, who are in
their abodes " (literally, " holes "), 111 ^::.^ ^ I

^
o—
[y\^\ III
AAW\A
I I I
Immediately in front of the
nine shrines are two groups, each containing six women,

who stand upon a slope, one half of which appears to
be land and the other half water; these women are
called " the hour goddesses which are in the Tuat,"
1__^. Eacli grou}) is separated from

^
the otlier l)y a monster serpent of many folds called
Hereket,
I
^^, and of liim it is said that he
"s])awneth twelve serpents to l)e devoured l)y tlie
hours.
THE GODDESSES OF THE HOURS 12^,
^S.U?i;
The Gods of the Fourth Division of the Tuat towing- the Boat of Ra.
The Nine Gods who follow Osiris.
(fifi-
1 A .-jL-îi
The Serpent Hereret and the Goddesses of tlie Hours.

— a
The text relating to the passage of the boat of the sun

reads :
\\ )
-SÂlll
D o__> ^ ^^^^ /WVSAA
I I I ^ s^ I I I Jl c=±i^- —
Ja^ I I I Jf A I I I ^1 \^\ A^^vÂ^
I I
N-^ ^
_B^
l\.
III
^^,^^,^
I I I
tJ i:^ -<S>-
D
^ Ji III
CZSZJ
A^^y\^ AAAAAA
/WWV% -A ,1 M J\
J\ III If ^
D ^
^ o
I I I zmmmmAMm
U I I I I 1 [r:=i jr' I I 1 1 I I
I
r\ AAAAAA
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" This great god is drawn along by the gods of the
"Tiiat, and he journeyeth in the liidden place, and
" worketh in respect of the things which are there.
" —
" [He saith :
— ] '
Draw ye me along, ye beings of the
" Tuat, look ye upon me, [for] I have created you.
" TuU ye with your arms and draw ye me therewith,
" and turn ye aside to the eastern part of heaven, to
" the habitations which surround Ares (or, Sar) [and
" to] that hidden mountain, the light (or, radiance) of
" which goeth round about among the gods who receive
" me as I come forth among you into the hidden place.
" Draw ye me along, [for] I work on your behalf in the
" gateway which covereth over the gods of the Tuat.'
" And Ea saith unto them :
— Look ye upon
' me,
" gods, for I strike those who are in their sepulchres,
" [saying]. Arise, ye gods ! I have ordered for you the
" plan and manner of your existence, who are in
ye
'
your sepulchres, whose souls are broken, who live
" upon your own filth and feed upon your own offal,
" rise up before my Disk, and put ye yourselves in a
" right state by means of my l)eams. The duties which
"ye shall ha^•e in the Tuat are in conformity with the
" things which 1 have decreed for you.' Their food
" consisteth of flesh, and their ale is [made] of the red
" [barley], and their libations are of cool water. There
" is lamentation to them after they have heard their
" doors close upon them."
In respect of the twelve goddesses of the hours it is
said
— :
" [These are] they who stand upon their lake,
" and it is they who guide lia in a straight line by
" means of their instruments. To them Ra saith :
" hours of the night

' Hearken, (J ye goddesses of the
—
KA S ADDRESS TO THE HOURS I27
"sky. Work ye, and eat ye, and rest ye in your

"gateways, with your breasts towards the darkness,
"and your hind-parts towards the light. Make to
" stand up the serpent Hereret, and live ye upon that
" which conieth forth from it. It is your duty in the
" Tuat to eat up the spawn of Hekeuet, and ye shall
" destroy that which cometh forth from it. Draw ye
" me, for I have begotten you in order that ye may pay
" homage [to me]. Take ye your rest (or, be at peace),
!
" ( ) ye Hours ' Their food consisteth of cakes of
" bread, and their ale is [made] of the red [barley], and
" their -draughts are of cool water, and there is given
" unto them as their food that which cometh forth with
"the kltit (i.e., the l)eatitied dead)."
On the right hand of the path of the boat of the
Sun in the Fourth Division we see :
— 1. Twelve gods,
1)earded and standing upright, who are called "the
gods who carry along their doubles,"

| |
|
"Jy ^ -'-^
. ,
.2. Twelve iackal-headed gods, who stand
round the Lake

" of Life,"
c/ T ® '
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called the "jackals in the lake of life," T "y ')^

'
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the " Lake of the Uraei," JL i , and are called the
" Livhig Uraei," h
which refer to these tliree

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groups of beings read:

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Tlie paragraph which refers to the first twelve gods

reads :
" [These are] they who bear along their doubles,

"who immerse themselves in that which floweth in
" abundance from the slaughtered ones during the time
" of their existence, and who carry the offerings which
" are rightly due [to the god] to his abode. Unto them
VOL. II. K
—
" saith Ra :
— That which
' belongeth to you [to do],
" ye gods who are among your offermgs, is to offer as
"an obligatory offering your doubles. Ye have your

" own offerings, your enemies are destroyed, and they
" are not. Your spirits are on their thrones, [and your]
" souls are on their places.' They say unto Ra, Adora- '
"tions be unto thee, Ra-Khuti ! Hail to thee,

" thou Soul who art protected in the earth ! Hail to
" thee, as being eternity, the lord of the years and of
" the everlastingness which hath no diminution.' Their
" food consisteth of offerings, their drink is of cool
" water, and there is lamentation to them when they
" hear their doors close upon them. Their food is given
"to them from the goddess Mu-sta(?) by Tesert-baiu."
The paragraph which refers to the jackal-headed
gods reads :
" [These are] they who come forth from this lake
" whereunto the souls of the dead cannot approach by
" reason of the sanctity which is therein. Unto them
" saith Ra
— That which belongeth to you
:
' [to do], ye
" gods who are in this lake, is to keep guard upon your
" lives in your lake your offerings are under the guard
;
" of the jackals which have set themselves on the edge

" of your lake.' They say unto Ra — Immerse:
' thyself,
" Ra, in thy holy lake, wherein the lord of the gods
" immersed himself, whereunto the souls of the dead
" approach not ; this is what thou thyself hast com-
"manded, Kiiuti.' Their food consisteth of bread,
" their drink is [made] of the red [barley], and their
THE GODS OF THE LAKE OF LIFE, ETC. I3I
The Twelve Gods who carry their Doubles
-r:;;Sav^^£IPg^tlf:\^fr^lllKS5g)*
I?- IrJlDîlliilO. .:uJIlîlPji^
The Twelve Gods of the Lake of Life.
The Ten Living Uruoi of tlie Lake of the Uraei.

—
" vessels of drink are filled with wine. There is lamen-
" tation among them when they hear their doors close
" upon them. Their food is given nnto them as lord[s]
" of their sceptres round about this lake."
The paragraph which refers to the uraei reads :
" [These are] they who have their speech after Ea

" cometh to them, and souls are turned backwards, and
"shadows are destroyed at the hearing of the words
" (or, voices) of the uraei. Unto them saith Ea: — 'That
" which belongeth to you [to do], ye Uraei who are
" in this lake, is to guard your flames and your fires [so
" that ye may hurl them] against my (literally, his)

" enemies, and your burning heat against those whose
"mouths are evil. Hail to you, Uraei.' They
" say unto Ea — Come
:
' thou to us, stride thou over
"
" Tanen.'
On the left of the path of the boat of the sun
through the Fourth Division we see the god Osiris, in
mummied form, and wearing on his head the crown

of the South, standing on a serpent, and partially
covered by the earth of a mountain ; his head only
is above the ground, and he stands in a naos with a
vaulted dome. His name or title, Khent Amenti,
^£yft, is written by his side. Before the shrine is a
Flame-goddess in the form of a uraeus, and behind her

are twelve gods, who stand in front of Heru-ur (or,
Horus the Aged), the Haroeris of the later Greek

writers. Heru-ur is in the form, of a hawk-headed
— .
THE GODS OF THE PITS I33
man, who leans on a staff. Behind the shrine

which contains Osiris stand twelve gods, who are
described as " the gods who are behind the shrine,"
mi'f''^ÎVS* Behind, or by the side
of these, are four pits or hollows in the ground, by the

side of each of which stands a god, with his body bent
forward in adoration before a bearded god, who holds
the symbol of life in the right hand and a sceptre in the
left. The four gods are called " Masters of their pits,"
'•'''-'^,
and their lord is
I I I I I I
called the " Master of Earths (?)," "^ "^ %^ I
The texts referring to these gods read :
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OSIRIS KHENT-AMENTI I35
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The text referring to Horus reads :
"Horus worketh on behalf of his father Osiris, he

" performeth magical ceremonies for him, and restoreth
" to him the crown [, saying], '
My heart goeth out to
" thee, my father, thou who art avenged on those
" who would work against thee, and in all the matters
"which concern thee thou art guided by magical
" ceremonies. Thou hast the mastery, Osiris, thou
"hast the sovereignty, Khenti Amenti, thou hast

" whatsoever is thine as Governor of the Tuat, thou
" whose forms (or, attributes) are exalted in the hidden
"place; the beatified spirits hold thee in fear, and
" the dead are terrified at thee. Thy crown hath been
"restored unto thee, and I, thy son Horus, have
" reckoned thy weakness there.'
The twelve gods who are in front of the shrine of

Khenti Amenti say :
" Let Him of the Tuat be exalted ! Let Khenti

" Amenti be adored ! Thy son Horus hath restored to
— —
" thee thy crown, he hath protected thee by means of
"magical ceremonies, he hath crushed for thee thine
" enemies, he hath brought to thee vigour for thy arms,
" Osiris, Khenti Amenti."
In reply to this address of the twelve gods Khenti
Amenti saith unto his son Horus :
"Come to me, my son Horus, and avenge me on

" those who work against me, and cast them to him
" that is over the things which destroy, [for] it is he
" who guardeth the pits [of destruction]."
Then saith Horus unto those gods who are behind
the shrine :
"Make inquisition for me, gods who are in the

" following of Khenti Amenti, 'stand ye up, and with-
" draw ye not yourselves, and be ye masters over
" yourselves, and come, and live delicately on the bread
" of Hu, and drink ye of the ale of Maat, and live ye
" upon that whereon my father liveth there. That
" which belongeth to you in the hidden place is to be
" behind the shrine, according to the commandment of
" Ka. I call unto you, and behold, it is for you to do
" what it is your duty [to do].' Their meat consisteth
"of cakes of bread, and their ale is of the tchesert
" drink, and their libations are [made with] cool water.
" Their food is given unto them by the guardian of
" the things which are in the shrine. And Horus
" saith unto these gods :
— ' Smite ye the enemies of my
" father, and hurl ye them down into your pits because
" of that deadly evil which they have done against the
The Twelve Gods before the Shrine. Heni-ur.
^=1 .^j>vsff5''a?vrffi!sllt/^J t S
Osiris The goddess

The Twelve Gods behind the Shrine. Khent- of Flame
Amenti. (Nesert).
-°
issxs;
^^ '^^ ^ fli'* ^^^î^ • • • ''**** ^'^^ -^^ ^M I (^ .3^
The Master The Four Masters of their Pits.

of Earths.
" Great One, [which] found (?) him that begot me.
" That which belongeth to you to do in the Tuat is to
" guard the pits of fire according as Ka hath commanded,
" and I set [this] before you so that, behold, ye may do
"according to what belongeth to you [to do].' This

" god standeth over (or, by) the pits."
( 139 )
CHAPTER VI.
THE GATE OF TEKA-HRA.

The Fifth Division of the Tuat.
The boat of the sun having passed through the Fourth

Division of the Tuat arrives at the gateway which
leads to the Fifth Division. This gateway is similar
to that which guards the Fourth Division, and is
guarded by nine gods, who are described as the
" Fourth Companv," '^ ^ ; at the entrance to the
corridor and at its exit stands a jackal-headed god, the
former being called Aau, - o ^^ v\ and the

, latter
Tekmi, ^zi^ [1 (1 ; each is said to " extend his arms and
hands to Ra." The corridor is swept by flames of fire,
as before. The gateway is called Arit, (J nn ,
and the text says, " This great god cometh to this
" gateway, and entereth in through it, and the gods
" who are therein acclaim him," <=:zr> fl
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—
140 FIFTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT
Ea, " Ea-Heru-khuti unfoldeth our doors, and openeth

" our gateways. Hail, Ea, come thou to us, great
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A 3 nwn . The monster serpent whicli stands on his

1
tail and guards the gateway is called Teka-hra, i j ^,
and the two lines of text which refer to his admission
of Ea read — :
" He who is over this door openeth to Ea.
" Sa satth to Teka-hra :
— Open thy gate
' to Ea, unfold
" thy doors to Khuti, that he may send light into the
" thick darkness, and may make his radiance illumine
" the hidden habitation.' This door is shut after the
"great god hath passed through it, and there is
" lamentation to those who are in this gateway when

" they hear this door close upon them." As the hiero-
glyphic text is identical with that given above on
p. 120 it is not repeated here.
In the middle of this Division we see the boat of Ea
being towed on its way by four gods of the Tuat ; the
god is in the same form as before, and stands in a shrine
enveloped by Mehen. Sa stands in the bows, and Heka

at the stern. In front of tliose who tow the boat are nine
shrouded gods, with ])r()jccting elbows; each of these
holds in his hands a part of the body of a long, slender ser-
pent, and the group is called " those who hold Ennutchi,"
\\^^:T3^\\^(smm
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•'•' •*-•- -* *• -*•- '«**'•-
The.Gate of the Serpent Tcka-lira,

- —;
twelve bearded beings, who are advancing towards a god,
who is styled [the god] " of his angle," zi

J
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the twelve gods are described as Baiu reth-ammu-

TUAT, i.e., " the souls of the men who are in the Tuat,"
- The texts read :

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The Boat of Ra being towed by the Gods of the Fifth Division of the Tuat.
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"The gods of the Tuat draw along this great god,

"and he journeyeth through the hidden place. [Ea
" saith :
— ] '
Draw ye me along, ye gods of the Tuat,
"and sing praises unto me, ye who are at the head
" of the stars ; let your cords be strong (or, vigorous),
"and draw ye me along by means of them, and let

" your hands and arms be steady, let there be speed in
" your legs, let there be strong intent in your souls,
" and let your hearts be glad. Open ye a prosperous
" way into the chambers {qerti) of hidden things.'
The Nine Gods who hold Ennutchi.
The text relating to the bearers of the serpent reads :
"Those who are in this scene carry this serpent.
"Ea them and advanceth towards them to

striketh
" make himself to rest in [the gateway called] Nebt-
" AHAU, This serpent travelleth as far as it (i.e., this
"gateway), but he passeth not beyond it. Ea saith

" unto them :
— ' Strike ye the serpent Ennutchi there,
" him no way [whereby to escape], so
give that I may
"pass by you. Hide your arms, destroy that which
HUMAN SOULS OF THE TUAT I45
"you guard, protect that which cometh into being

" from my forms, and tie ye up (or, fetter) that which
"cometh into being from my strength.' Their food

" consisteth of the hearing of the word of this god, and
" offerings are made to them from the hearing of the
" word of Ea in the Tuat."
" Unto those who have spoken what is right and
" true upon earth, and who have magnified the forms
" of the god, Itii saith :
— Praises
' shall be [sung] to
Heri-qenbet-f. The souls of meu who are in the Tuat.
" your souls, and there shall be breath to your nostrils,

"and there shall be to you joints in Sekhet-aru.
" That which shall be indeed yours is what belongeth
" to the Maati CxODS. The habitations which shall be
"yours shall be (or, are) at the corner where [live]
" those who are with me who weigh words for them.'
"Their food is of bread-cakes, and their drink of
" tchesert drink, and their libations are of cool water.
" Offerings are made unto them upon earth as to the
VOL. II. L
— —
" god IJetepi, according to what should be offered unto

" them."
Ea saith unto this god :

— " Let him that is over his
" Corner (Heri-qenbet-f) cry out to those souls who
" are right, and true, and divine, and make them to sit
"at peace in their habitations at the Corner of those

" who are with myself."
On the right hand of the path of Ea in the Fifth
Division of the Tuat are :
— 1. Twelve male beings
bowing in adoration ; they are described as " those
who make adorations in the Tuat," ' '-'

(1(1
^^ 1
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. 2. Twelve male beings who bear
in their hands a cord for measuring plots of ground

and estates ; these are called " Holders of the cord in
the Tuat," ^%i^%Se|\^"^. 3. Four
gods, standing upright, each holding the symbol of life
in his right hand, and a sceptre in the left. The

hieroglyphic texts which relate to these groups
read :
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AAAAAA
^
A^V\AAA
AAA/W\
III I I l_>
/WVAAA
AAAAAA
0/l_ AAyvvv\ (a n tt-^ „^4^ -<o- f^ |^ m ^
I i' I I ^
AAA/W\
H— AAAAAA "^ ^^^
^^= Q
I I I
I
I llllZSZlj 1 I I M -^ II ^ III I III
— £^
I I I A^VW\
A/VÂAA
I I I O
--
I II
A/AAAA
I I I ^H^^^
cO] I r=^
^ w c=> III M I iiiîzz^m
AA/VÂ Ci -O.
I I I
"'"iin^
I
f\
1^ III! II
I I I
g^lk
—
I AAAAAA iCN .
Ci n
tl
AA/\^\A Q (p ft /-^
I < '>
I I 1 A ÂAAAA I
^ 1 b e
^ ^ i\;\r^/\/\f\ isrv\/~jvs I
-^ \.
L_ I 'V\^/V\A 1 111 III
A'WVN^ tl
1^1 l\. 111

1
'^MÂ\u^mm'^m\^Bi^L\^ûm*\m'i'
The Twelve Gods who make adoration iu the Tunt.
ft M-
^111 ^h. (^ ©o D
The passage in the text which refers to the adorers
reads :
" [These are] they who make songs to Ra in Amentet

"and exalt Heru-khuti. [These are they w'ho] knew
" Ra upon earth, and who made offerings imto liim.
" Their offerings are in their place, and their glory
—
THE GODS OF THE MEASURING CORD 149
" is in the holy place of Anient. They say unto

" Ea :
— ' Come thou, Ea, progress through the Tuat.
" Praise he to thee ! Enter thou among the holy
" [places] with the serpent Mehen.' Ea saith unto
" them :
— There
' are offerings for you, ye who made
" offerings. I am content with what ye did for me,
" both when I used to shine in the eastern part of
" heaven, and when I was sinking to rest in the
"chamber of my Eye.' Their food is of the bread-
The Twelve Gods who hold the cord for measuring land.
"cakes of Ea, and their drink is of his tclieser drink,

" and their are made of cool water, and
libations
" offerings made unto them on the earth in [return]
are
" for the praisings which they make unto Ea in Anient."
The passage in the text which refers to the holders
of the measuring cord reads :
" [These are they who] hold the measuring cord in

" Anient, and they go over therewith the fields of
" the Khu (i.e., the beatified spirits). [Ea saith to
—
" them] :
— Take
' ye the cord, draw it tight, and mark
"out the limit (or, passage) of the fields of Amentet,
" the Khu whereof are in your abodes, and the gods
" whereof are on your thrones.' The Khu of JSTeterti
" are in the Field of Peace, [and] each Khu hath been
"judged by him that is in the cord. Eighteousness
" is to thosewho are (i.e., W' ho exist), and unrighteous-
" ness to those who are not, Ea saitli unto them :
"
What is riglit is the cord in Ament, and Ea is
'
"content with the stretching (or,
-
>>...^—T-7-M-"*' .F' " drawing) of the same. Your
...V -. ..,,._...... .. " possessions are yours, ye gods.
TT^'i^—'j"^— " your homesteads are yours, ye
î^V^^gg "Khu. Behold ye, Ea maketh
CîyiDiii^ "(oi*. worketh) your fields, and
" he commandeth on your behalf
" that there may be sand (?) with
"you."'
The Four Henbi Gods. " Hail, joumcy OU, KHUTI, for
" verily the gods are content with
" that which they possess, and the Khu are content
" with their homesteads. Their food [conieth] from
" Sekhet-Aru, and their offerings from that which
" springeth up therein. Offerings are made unto them
" upon earth from the estate of Sekhet-Aru."
To the four bearded gods Ea saith :
— " Holy are ye,
" Henbi gods, ye overseers of the cords in Amentet.
" [0 stablish ye fields and give [them] to the gods and
"to the Khu (i.e., spirits) [after] they have been

— — ,
'.
THE FOUR RACES OF MEN 15I
" measured in Sekhet-Aaru. Let them give fields and

" sand to the gods and to the souls who are in the Tuat.
"Their food shall be from Sekhet-Aaru, and their

" offerings from the things which spring forth therein]."
On the left of the path of the boat of Ea are:
1. A hawk-headed god, leaning upon a staft^; he is
called Horns, ^. 2. Four groups, each group con-
taining four men. The first are Retii,

^ ^ ^^ !
the second are Aamu, ) ^ "^ I , the tliird are Nehesu,
^
The Reth
I
n % I , and the fourth are Themehu,
are Egyptians, the Aamu

^^ ^
are dwellers in
I
the deserts to the east and north-east of Egypt, the

Nehesu are the black races and Negkoes, and the
The.mehu are the fair-skinned Libyans. 3. Twelve
bearded beings, each of whom grasps with both hands

the body of a long serpent; these are called the
" Holders of the period of time in Anient,"

^^ ^ ^ I
^^. 4. Eicjht bearded gods, who are
called the " Sovereign chiefs of the Tuat," U ^ Jj ^5 i
^^ . The hieroglyphic text which relates to these
groups reads :
'Î-î^l.îSflii
î^ ^ <£f ^ AArVW^ A^WvAA ^ V^ 1 I I

www
AV^WN /WWV\
/WVA/V\ IV' l/WVW\J AAA/^Â ^
A'V\/VV\
I I I I ^ ^
-H_0 I
I ^ D
AAAAAA
^ AÂ/W\ o
t.
\X AA/W\A
I I I
.^/^/^/vÂ
1
^ÂA^^ —— h
A^/v\'^^
l?:^ I I I I
A/VSAAA 1 ^ VX '0,fK'l4» n
O I I ^\ 1
III ^ cz:zi <=:> I ^ /= ^ I AA^,
n?
i-^"
«^ D ^
^ jf^
('û) -(0- I
H (2 o I ^
~ — -*
III r^^^^
A/^v\AA
Ci
111^ W /WWW
I
I
YA O '^.-^^ — 1^
_ix\j> I L
I
I
y A
AAAA/V\
I I I II II ^ I I I
^^^ I I 1
=== {\ A\ I I t^ (^
Wr
O III ^ III ^ /^vwv\
AAA/VV\ I
v/VWV
I I
1
THE FOUR RACES OF MEN 153
AWA« ,«^^ > * ^ « ^*VWWVW»"» »^r^l I l«^9 '-K
The Aamu, i.e., Asiatics. The Reth, i.e., Eo-jiitians. Horns.
.vwwv^ -.14-$ ^ '^^^^ K -±- 217 ^^ "^^^ \.^
The Thomelui, i.e., Libyaus, The Neliesu, i.e., Xegroes.

— !

—— H A^Â/v^ —*i — o ^
III ^ III ^^
I
^^^ AAAAAA ® I
iJ II I
<::=> ^ o I sl I J
X A I I I
I
AA/WV\ ''''ÂA/NA /•^\/^./\/\/\
^
I A/VWV\ 1_ I I I I I
The passage which refers to the four groups, each
containing four men, reads :
Horus saith unto the creatures of Ea who dwell in

the r.lack Land (Qemt, i.e., Egypt) and in the Eed
Land (i.e., the deserts which lie on each side of the
Black Land formed of the mud of the Nile):
—"Magical
"protection be unto you, ye creatures of Ka, who
" have come into being from the Great One who is at
" the head of heaven ! Let there be breath to your
" nostrils, and let your linen swathings be unloosed
" Ye are the tears ^ of the eye of my splendour in your
" name of Eeth (i.e., men). Mighty of issue ( Aa-mu)
"ye have come into Ijeing in your name of Aamu;
" Sekhet hath created them, and it is slie who delivereth
" (or, avengeth) their souls. I masturbated [to produce

" you], and I was content with the hundreds of thou-
" sands [of beings] who came forth from me in your
* Or, the wcejjinj

—
THE GODS WHO GIVE LIFE 155
"name of Nehesu (i.e., Negroes) ; Horns made them to

"come into being, and it is he who avengeth their
"souls. I sought out mine Eye, and ye came into
being in your name of Themehu ; Sekhet hath created
" them, and she avengeth their souls."
The passage which refers to the gods who make
stable the period of life (Kheru-aiiau-em-Ament)
reads :
Those who make firm (or, permanent) the duration
The Twelve Gods of Life in Ament.
of life stablish the days of the souls [in] Amenti and

possess the word (or, command) of the place of
destruction. Ea saith unto them " Inasmuch as ye :
—
" are the gods who dwell in the Tuat, and who have
"possession of [the serpent] Meterui, by means of
" whom ye mete out the duration of life of the souls
"who are in Amenti who are condemned to destruc-
" tion, destroy ye the souls of the enemies according
—
" to the place of destruction which ye are commanded

" to appoint, and let them not see the hidden
" place."
The passage in the text which refers to the divine
sovereign chiefs reads :
" [Here are] the divine sovereign chiefs who shall

" destroy the enemies. They shall have their offerings
V^^ m -U <=> '*~T» Aww»* /'MMii
• *'
^ ^-
/>*»WA .^tZ.
•<» Rr.*--'.
\Jmm-
The Ei^ht Soverein-n Chiefs in the Tuat.
" by means of the word [which becometh] Maat ; they

" shall have tlieir oblations npon earth by means of the
" word [which becometh] MaJit, and it is they who
" destroy and who pass the edict concerning (literally,
" write) the duration of the life of the souls who dwell
" in Amenti. The destruction which is yours shall be
" [directed] against the enemies, and the power to write
THE EIGHT SOVEREIGN CHIEFS I57
" which ye possess sliall lie for the place of destruction.

" I have come, even I the great one Horus, that I may
"make a reckoning with my body, and that I may
" shoot forth evils against my enemies. Their food is
" bread, and their drink is the tchcscrt wine, and they
"have cool water wherewith to refresh (or, bathe)
" themselves. [Offerings are made to them upon earth.
" ^
One doth not enter into the place of destruction.]
J
Supplied from ChampoUiou, Noiicei^, p. 772.
( 158 )
CHAPTEE VII.
THE JUDGMENT HALL OF OSIRIS.
The Sixth Division of the Tuat.
The boat of Ra having passed through the Fifth

leads to the Sixth Division, or, as the text says:
_A 1 W I <:II> I ^ I I ,WWV\ / .J ^ <:i AAAA/NA '

-'
'
I
" cometh forth to this pylon, and he passeth in through

" it, and those gods who are in the secret place acclaim
"him." The gateway is guarded by twelve bearded
mummy forms, who are described as the "gods and
goddesses who are in this pylon," ^^^^ '^
\\\ ^^ Pn '
^ "^ ^^^ called Nebt-aha,

Hlr V' r J I
' ^^ ^^
Y ^ . The gate which admits to the Sixth
Division resembles those already described; at the

entrance to the corridor and at its exit stands a
bearded mummied form, the former being called
Maa-A]!, ot^, and the latter Sheta-ab, ^,

These names mean " Eight (or, true) of heart " and
THE JUDGMENT HALL OF OSIRIS 159
ilUlM^^S: mM5L-kMB^Mm\\^
m rmy
ail
'WWW
Ittitliiitiiiiiiî mmm I"
in
T
• •
The Judgment Hall of Osiris. The Gate of the Serpent Set-em-moa-f.

—
l6o SIXTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT
"Hidden of heart" respectively, and each is said to

extend his hands and arms to Ra. The corridor is
swept by flames. The gods who acclaim the god say,

" Come thou to us, thou who art at the head of the
" horizon, great god, who dost open the hidden place.
" Open thou the holy doors, and unfold the portals of
"the hidden place," --_fl

^__^ Pf", ffUl ^ \\ ^1 1 ll
\/ ^SS ^^ "^^
U lllllllll
1
I
^=*^
<d=>
MU
11
1
I
1=^^^ nmnnr
AW.AA liilMiJ I s
I
Between tlie gate which leads into the Sixth

Division and the Division itself we find inserted a
remarkable scene, which may be thus described:

In the upper part, from one side to another, a line is
drawn, which is intended to represent the roof of the

shrine or canopy in wliich the god is seated, and on it
rests a row of kakheru v ^ (j ; i , i.e., spear-head
ornaments. From the inside of the roof hang, upside

down, four heads of some kind of horned animal.
These are called Hahaiu FD '^^ FD "^^ "^^ (1 fl

i
>
and are supposed to be heads of gazelle ^ or oxen. In

the space between the spear -head ornaments and the
side of the Tuat is written
The
TJ^T¥
transliteration of these characters appears to be
I I I
Ser her Tuat sath then ; the meaning of the first three
1 " Tetes de gazelles" (Cliamiiollion, Monuments, torn, ii., p. 495).

THE JUDGMENT HALL OF OSIRIS l6l
words is tolerably clear, i.e., " Osiris, governor of the

Tuat," but the signification of the last signs is doul)tful.
M. Lefebure translates the inscription, " Osiris, master

of Hades, Earth, and Tanen." Osiris, who wears the
double crown of the Suutli and North, and holds in his
right hand the symbol of " life," and in his left a sceptre,
L is seated on a chair of state, which is set on the top
of a platform with nine steps. On each step stands a

god, and the nine gods are described as the " company
which is with Sai;, i.e., Osiris," ^ i
(^
- - c^ ^ %,
On the topmost step is a Balance, in which the actions
of the deceased are weighed ; the beam of the Balance
is supported cither by the deceased, or by a stand
which is made in the form of a bearded munnny. One
pan of the Balance contains some rectangular object,
and the other a figure' of the bird which is symbolic
of evil and wickedness. Behind the IJalance is a boat,
which is away from the presence of Osiris in
sailing ;
it is a pig being driven along by a dog-headed ape

which nourishes a stick. In the top left-hand corner
is a figure of Anubis, jackal-headed, and under the
fioor of the platform on wliicli Osiris is seated are
figures of the enemy of Sar, or Osiris. From the
variant of this scene which is found on the sarco-
phagus of Tchehra at Baris,^ as well as from the
sarcophagus of Seti I., we may see that the pig in the
^ Sharp, Inscri;ptions, xaart ii., pi. 0.
VOL. II. M
— — ";
l62 SIXTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT
boat is called Am-a, 7 a, i.e., "Eater of the Arm,"
and the boat is piloted by a second ape which stands

in the bows. On the Paris monument we see a man
wielding a hatchet in a threatening manner and
standing near tlie Scales, probably with the view of
destroying the deceased if the judgment of Osiris
prove adverse to him.

The nine short lines of text at the foot of the scene
read :
® o 111 m /C\ 2^-=^ q I o ^ i -? ''=u)

=> O W I III fl\ _^ I IB^ ® s=5 W
1-9 - n m o-
I I I J&*"" ^^1 ^^^s^lll
TVîîTV "
This inscription is in the so-called enigmatic
writing,^ a fact which was first noticed by ChampoUion,
but a transcrij)t of it exists on the sarcophagus of
Tchehra in characters which have the ordinary values,-
and this reads as follows :
^111 (i) J[m. I c=i=;=. I .<s>- o ci ^ ^.^^.^^ I A il ^îi:=ir www
1 See (jioodwin, Aeg. Zcit., 1873, p. 138; llcuoiif, ibid., 187-1, p. 101
and ChampoUion, Monuments, pi. 272.
^ Lefebure renders, " O yc who briny the word just or false to
nie, he, Thoth, examines the words" {llecords of the Fast, vol. x.,
p. 111).
— — —
rvi~i o> —«--
™^
.
5=> >,^ , I.e., " His enemies are under his

" feet, the gods and the spirits are before him ; he is
" the enemy of the dead (i.e., the damned) among the
"beings of the Tuat, Osiris putteth under restraint
" [his] enemies, he destroyetli them, and he pcrformeth
" the slaughter of them."
The text which refers to Anubis reads :
and this Mr. Goodwin transcribed :
I i I
l|
^_ ^ *^^-, i.e., "Hail, ye who make to be madt
"the word of your little one, may Thoth weigh the

" words, may he make to eat his father."
Immediately over the boat is the short inscription :
This Goodwin renders by, " [When] this god entereth,

" he (i.e., the Ape) riseth and putteth under restraint
" Am-a (i.e., the Eater of the Arm)." i
1 " The diver [when] tliis yoil rises, he gives up [the pig] to the
plagues" (Let'ebui-e, op. cit., p.
114J.
— —
164 SIXTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT
Behind the })air of scales is the following legend ^ :
This ]\Ir. Goodwin transcribes by :
A/WWN CT^ 1 AAAAAA 0^^ Zl 7i -B^ © '^ ^.=^ I A J] ^^Li^^
|_.^D
/vvvvv»
^^=.
— '
[j^ Ji^^^]!
^ Û ^^ U J^T
I
I
I O \1. AA/VWA t* 'J AAAAAA *^^^ I
7ê'"(l^/^'?^y^ ® '^, and renders,
" The Ijalance-bearer does homage ; the blessed spirits

" in Amenti follow after him ; the morning star
" disperses the thick darkness ; there is good will
" above, justice below. The god reposes himself, he
" gives bread to the blessed, who throng towards him."
The translation by M. Lefebure reads, " The bearer of
" the hatchet and the bearer of the scales protect the
" inhaljitant of Amenti, [who] takes his repose in
" Hades, and traverses tlie darkness and the shadows.
" Happiness is above, and justice below. The god
" reposes and sheds light produced by truth which he
" has produced."
' See also CluuuiiuUiou, Monuments, torn, ii., p. 490.

—
The upper part of the space between the roof and

the platform on which Osiris sits is occupied l)y two
short inscriptions, which are full of difficulty ; they
read :
j=s
[
I i
" '
"" 1
r\/^r\r^f^
^^>- !
1 * SIt!^'^!!
f A-
The meaning of these texts has puzzled several
workers, and even the order in which the characters
are to be read has given rise to differences of opinion.
One of the chief difficulties in the matter is caused
by the way in which the two legends are written
on the sarcophagus of Seti I. Looking at the
hieroglyphics as they stand, they seem to form one
continuous inscription, but, we examine the scene as if
it appears in the tomb of Rameses II., we see that we

must divide them as above. Mr. Goodwin made an
" ——
attempt to transcrilie and translate a part of the texts,
but as he considered them to form only one inscription

we cannot accept his rendering. M. Lefebure has made
translations of both texts, and they read ^ :
I. " They, they hide those which are in the state of

" the elect. They the country [belonging] to them, is
" Ameh in the land. ]^)ehold, these are they whose
" heads issue. AYhat a mystery is their appearance,
" [tlie appearance] of your images !
II. " The examination of the words takes place, and

" he strikes down wickedness, he who has a just heart,
" he who bears the words in the scales, in the divine
" place of the examination of the mystery of mysteries
" of the spirits. The god who rises has made his
" infernal [companions] all."
For purposes of comparison, the versions of the texts

from the tomb of Eameses VI., as given by Champollion
{Monuments, pi. 252) are given. It will l)e noted that
a part of the line immediately over the head of Osiris,
^^ ^
Q M /wvAAA
^^ ^ is given in different
places in the latter scene, for aX^ ^

is immedi-
ately in front of the double crown of Osiris, and
rV A5\ ^*=:>- '^'^^'^ is immediately

^
in front of the
H l/m 111
sceptre of the god. The other lines read:
>(?)
' Hecordis of tlie Past, vol. x., p. 11-1.

II.
^"^^
® %^
/I
I
^^=^~>. ^^
III
'^^n 1^
_/-l _Ol\S
"^ ^^ '^''•^
/wvw\ _/_i
AAA^VV\ I
I 1 1
("=0)
o
— —
( i68 )
CHAPTER VIII.
THE GATE OF SET-EM-MAAT-F.

The Sixth Division of the Tuat — continued.
The pylon which gives access to the Sixth Division
of the Tuat has already been described. The monster
serpent wliich stands on his tail and guards the gate-
way is called Set-em-maat-f, I ^ [l ,

and the
two lines of text which refer to his admission of Ra

read :
" He who is over this door openeth to Ra. Sa

"saith to Set-em-maat-f: — 'Open thy gate to Ra,
" unfold thy doors to Khuti, that he may send light
" into the thick darkness, and may make his radiance
"illumine the hidden habitation.' This door is shut
" after this great god hath passed through it, and there
" is lamentation to those who are in this gateway when
" they hear this door close upon them " (see
p. 169).
/wwyv - " " -=^^3^ ^^

D
n tx^î^ ^ >
1^ II I
"
rf--b
jT
I
I
I
/srvw^ II I IIIIII AV\/\/v\ U
uumiJ I I /wsAAA O I lli I \\- I I www ^ \\
Pi\^^Mi:i:^kêra^c=^
1 — —
FRAGMENTARY TEXTS OF SETI I. 169
D
8(1V I
J\ A J\ 1
in -^ \^\\\rA '^^ Sp
iiiimrr
4 ra A I D. ^ I
1 1
The scenes and texts which ilhis-

trate the Sixth Di\dsion of the
Tuat cannot be obtained in a com-
plete state from the sarcophagus of
Seti I., and recourse must therefore
be had to other documents. In
the following pages, however, the
fragments of the texts and scenes
from the sarcophagus are first given,
and these are followed by the com-
plete texts as they are found in the
tomb of Rameses VI., as published
by Monsieur E. Lefebure in the third
volume of the Mi' moires of the French
Archneological Mission at Cairo.
L2li
The fragmentary texts and scenes
from the sarcophagus of Seti I. may
be thus descriljed :
In the middle register are :
1. Two of the four gods of the

Tuat whose duty it is to tow along
the boat of the Sun through this
Division.
The Serpent Set-em-maat-f,

.
lyO SIXTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT
2. The god Teî, , in the form of an aged man,
with l)ent shoulders, and leaning on a staff.
3. The iackal-headcd standard called Ea, 1 a ,
to which are tied two " enemies," who probably repre-

sent the dannied.
4. The two Utciiats, ^^^^, which appear to be
keeping watch on the " enemies."
5. The I'ackal-headed standard called Tem, ^ ,

'
an II
with two " enemies " tied to it.
G. A nmmmied form, with projecting elbows, called
Afat, "^K^ ^
7. The jackal-headed standard called Kheper,
M ^^'^ ^"^^^^^ ^^^° " enemies " tied to it.
A mummied form, with projecting

8. elbows, called
T....A,^||j(],orMET,g.'
9. The jackal-headed standard
" " tied to
called Siiu, () ^ rjj ?
with two enemies it.
10. A mummied form, with projecting elbows, called

—— H
^'•^'^^
r
Sent, •
.
11. The jackal-headed standard called Seb, "^^ J ^jj,
with two " enemies " tied to it.
12. A mummied form, with projecting elbows, called
Aqa-sa,
1 The names arc siiiiplicd from Champollioii, Notices, p. 502.

—
FRAGMENTARY TEXTS OF SETI I. 171
13. The jackal-headed standard called Sar, ^ ^

(Osiris).i
14. A imimiiiied form, with projecting elbows, called

^"^
Aa-khei;(?), /i\(?)/
15. The jackal -headed standard called Heru, vs. .
IG. A god holding a sceptre called SiiEF-HRA, <^.
The text which refers to the above-mentioned fjods

reads:
1L°21Vnii^^^^1
—*— —(D— —«— <=>
I I I 7\ I I I O I
' The names are supplied from Champollion, Notices, p. 502.
Champollion's text reads : <cr> [J

\J
Ji 4 I AAA^^W -Jj
/"/^^yvv
^ {Notices, torn, ii., p. 503).
THE HARVEST IN THE KINGDOM OF OSIRIS I73
^^\A
rii5;
U-lu I
^L^^ .«2 .rid

— —
IT^^V
I
I I LI ^ /y ' '— ' /VvAAAA I W \^
/V^V>AA r~r>AAyv\ I V« -J> I I ' I -~ "^^ ^*-'-
AA/^Â AAAAAA
D ^ A
I I I n
n^^^^n -^ ^ H O
5CX D
- I 1 I I I I
=111 ^
Hi'
" [This great god is towed along by the gods in the
" Tuat, and those who tow Ea along say, '
Rise np,
" disk,] god, verily get thee forth to
" the standards of Seb.' Tern saith unto the standards :
"
Keep ward over the enemies, and bind ye fast those
'
" who shall be smitten. ye gods who are behind the

" standards, and who are in the following of Seb, I give
" ye the power to bind fast the enemies and to keep

" ward over the wicked. Let them not go forth from
" under your hands, let them not slip through your
" fingers. enemies, ye arc reckoned for slaughter
"according to the decree which [was given] to you by
"him that with his body, and created the Tuat
"by his members (?). He hath passed the decree for
" — — ;
THE HARVEST IN THE KINGDOM OF OSIRIS I75
" you to be punished, and he taketh count of you and

'
" what ye do
The upper register is much mutilated on the cover
of the sarcophagus of Seti I. ; on it we see :
1. Fi\-e upright male figures, each of whom holds a
large loaf of bread, ^ , with both hands on his head

when the scene was complete these figures were twelve
in number, as we learn from the variants published by
Champollion,^ and they are called Hetepti-khepeiiu,
^
2.
jm im^w-
Hi I
Six upright male figures, each of whom holds the

feather of Maat with both hands on his head ; when
the scene was complete these figures were twelve in
number, and they are called Autu-maamu-kheru-
The text which remains reads :
n^%.^^n?r.wmm
<=. I
^ I I I
/wv/vv\
I I I Di I Mi AAAA^V\ 1 I I ^
M I
11 111©^ W III Q^^î.^

• Notices, ii., p. 501.
" Supplied from Chaiapolliou, Notices, ii., p. 502.
"T" \/ ^ /wwv\ v-A "in \/ AAAAAA

"
''
itlllli 1
AAAAAA
AAAAAA
AAAAAA
1
" [These arc they who have offered up incense to the
Fragnicut of the Cover of the Sarcophagus of Seti I. in the British Museum.
" gods, and whose doubles liave been washed, -c2>- ^ 1
"
l—l
I
n
iyis=Ôr
AAAAAA r\ c3
± <^z=>\\\ llll
I
r/VW^
I I if
JfÔ
f\\,r;^
J Jf M
-fX
u
AAAAAA AAAAAA
I I I I
—
I
H
I
"l
ij
" niafit, they have been reckoned up and they are maat
—
THE HARVEST IN THE KINGDOM OF OSIRIS 177
"in the presence of the gi'eat god, who destroyeth

" iniquities. Osiris saith unto them :
— Ye are madt
' of
" madt. Tie ye at peace [because of what] ye have
"done, ye who are in the forms of those wlio are
" in my following, and who dwell in the house of him
" whose souls are holy. Live ye on what ye live
" there, and have the mastery
" over the cool waters which
'"
" are in your Lake
A few years ago I pur-
chased from a native at Luxor
a fragment of the cover of
the sarcophagus of Seti I. (see
p. 176); this is now in the
IJritish Museum (No. 29,948),

and it gives the following :
1. Three male figures, each

of which bears a loaf on his
head.
2. The followino; fragment-
ary text:
I I I I
u
I I I I II I I I n \ \ \ \ \ \ A Ji
^ (2 I
mpj cr^ ,1
I I I
^ I
S=J-^^
II Ml D I I I III
V mm
i^#^, "Their bread cakes are ordered for
VOL. II.
— — * J

" them by their gods ; their han are in their hands,
" and they enter into their abodes at the pylon which
" destroyeth its gods. The god Sar (Osiris) saith unto
" them — Your bread :
' shall be to you from that which
" cometh forth from your mouths, ye Hetepti-
'"
"KHEPERU
In the lower register are :
1. Five male figures, who are occupied in tending

very large ears of corn ; when the scene was complete
these figures were twelve in number, and they were
called, " Those who work about the plants of grain in
" the fields of the Tuat,"

[^ ^ ^ ^ ^] 1^1 j
_BJ^ °^ 'C)t.t) _B^ iM^ \> I LTZD

2. A man holding a sickle ; he is one of the seven
" reapers," ^'^ "^ J ^ p^, of which this
section of the scene originally consisted.

The text which relates to those who tend the grain
reads :
ucs>-
AA/VW\
U^ ^ ^^^
""**""
"
~~**~
/WNAAA
'"'^"'^
Q
.1 I I
^ .www ,^^==3 (^^ v\ ^-^ <^~~=> ^ —

^
7r
,
/I\
/••^ I I I 1 1 H jr ^ Jr In I ^
^ V.WVWS M 1,1 ^/^ ^ m (s^ ,,,,^
Ji^^,^ I I I 1 1 '^'wvAA -^:z::7 ^ (o ill Jj Q.Q.Q.
V\ (^^^^ ...O £==3 .^^ 1

s:r=i 'wwv^ ^-,1
I I I I I 1^ W.WX w I
I 1 1 1 I I 0^ 1 1 1 I
O 1
511
The passage iu brackets is from ChampolHou, Notices, ii., p. 503.

THE HARVEST IN THE KINGDOM OF OSIRIS 179
WW
MM m^.
^
^'^\¥'^^^\Mr>^M
\i^
M <i plil, H
HP/ 'VWVV\ ^-s
iiiôooiinWiMi
0.1^
I _M^ U t Jr X ^(?) ^ Jr I I I I I I J^ ^000

^=0= I
r^rsNsrsf\ —— h
^ III I I I <rr> -^^ I I /-AlÂAA 1 I I
AWVNA W '•
-k^^.
^ ^^ AATWVA
fl I I I I I H
\^'
...Q I
\
,
—— *•
QQQ I
"^^^^ .••
I I I I
^ —"—I
n /www
•^
i?^f^^ III! Shi I II I I I I 1 M il
[J^r>. I
I I I I I ' t 1 I
.'" II II /WWW
/\A/WW
^^ ii zd ^ o
I I I iii I III 1^ DM liMfllfl ^ w
/WVvAA
I crzD
ni.Jiiî
^^111
O_
AAAAAA *=^ |\; AAAAA^
I I I I I I
^ ^ I 1 A ^ 111 /=Z=Z <=^
1
I AAAAAA
—— M
ra NMMsNx r\
^ ? > — — e^ ^===>
H
EL m <-^ '
1 I l_M^ AA/VWV 1 Jl Q I 1 I 1 I S_S^<I=> h
" [They perform the works in connection with the

"grain, and they embrace the god of wheat (Nepra)
" which is eaten (?). Their grain becometh glorious in
" the land through the light of Ea, when he appeareth,
" and sendeth forth heat, and maketh his way by them.
" The lord of joy of heart saith unto them :
— Let your
'
"grain be glorious, and let the young shoots of your

"grain germinate, and let your offerings be for Ea]
" . . . . there .... Ea. Let Neper germinate, and
" let Sar (Osiris) be the source of food of the gods in
"the Tuat Amenti .... behold, in the

" fields of the Tuat.' They gather together their grain,
" and they say unto Ea :
— Let the ' fields of the Tuat be
"green with young plants. May Ea shine upon the
"members of Sar (Osiris). When thou dost shine the
"young plants come into being, great god, thou
" creator of the grain.' Their offerings of food are of
"grain, and their drink offerings are of tcheser, and
" their libations arc made with cool water. Offerings
" are made unto them on the earth of the grain of the
" fields of the Tuat."
1 The words in brackets are supplied from Chaui])olliou, Notices,

ii., p. 503.
— — —
THE REAPERS IN THE KINGDOM OF OSIRIS l8l
Of the reapers it is said :
" These are they who have their scythes, and who
" reap the grain in their fiekls. Ka saith to them :
" *
Take ye your seythes, and reap ye your grain, for it
" is granted to you your habitations, and to
"join yourselves [to] me in the Circle of the Hidden
" Forms. Hail to you, ye reapers !
' Their food is of
" bread, and their drink is of tcheser, and their libations
" are made with cool water. Offerings are made unto
" them upon earth as being those who hold scythes in
" the fields of the Tuat."
The text which describes the middle register of the
Sixth Division as it appears in the tomb of Rameses VI.
reads :
P] AAAA/V\
T1
I
-e- AA/WV\
A I 1 I O
i /WW\A cq I
p) n
€\
•<2::- I I I I I I i I I _Hi^ .^^ o ? ;
\ \ \ J\
V1
-J! ^ I
MH a '^
I I I
^ k3 I ® ^ ^^mkf^qv-^n
1:¥JI ?^1
\:^^^:%lMl/^±^
o AAAAAA
II I
h^ I
AÂ/V\A
I
I
AAAAAA
I I
-A^^\ -
I
I
I I ^ <=>
AAAAA^
I I
AAAAAA
I I I
I
I
^
Jj^ AAAAW\
' ' "
AAA/V\A AAAAAA, AAAAAA

I I
AA/V\AA
I
mrTi<^:=>
O D ^
o \X^X /VsAAAA s
AA^ÂA
x^ —»—
I AVvWV
kl AAAAAA
I I I
—l*i , AAAAAA
I I 1 1 I
fl ci
o ^m I
III
<^
I
J^ -<2>-
r^ I ill
I 1 i^^^'^mol^^z:^
"This great god is lieiiig towed along hy tlie gods of

" the Tuat, and those who tow Ha along say :
— Be '
"
THE FETTERING OF THE WICKED 183
" exalted, Aten (i.e., Disk), who art at the head of

" the Light, the head .... Look ye at the
"abodes of the Tuat. Your eyes are to you, gods,
" observe ye Ka, the Power in Akert. This great god
" decreeth your destinies. This great god cometh forth
" to the standards of Seb, which reckon up the enemies
" after the weighing of words in Anientet. Behold, Sa
"saith unto this god [when] he cometh forth to the
"standards of Seb the head 'of Ea, the great
" god .... verily, get thee forth to the standards of
"Seb. Teni saith unto the standards:

—'Keep ward
" over the enemies, and bind ye fast those who are to
" be smitten. ye gods who are in tlie following of
" the standards, and who are in the following of Seb, I
" give ye power to bind fast the enemies, and to keep
" ward over the wicked (or, those who are to be
" smitten). Let them not come forth from under your
" them not slip tlirough your fingers.
hands, let ye
" enemies, ye are doomed to slaughter, according to the
" decree of Ea concerning you. His person is the body

" of Akert, and he hath created the Tuat of his frame-
" work. He hath issued the decree for you to be put
" into restraint, he hath ordered your doom which shall
" be wrought upon }'uu in the great hall of Ea
" the gods weep [and] lament, he settcth the gods
" to ward you, and the enemies and those who are to
" be smitten in the Tuat are condemned to these
" standards.'
In the upper register are twelve gods, each of whom
—
stands upright, and has the feather of Maiit on his

head, and twelve gods, each of whom stands upright,
and has a large loaf on his head. These gods are de-
scribed as " Maati gods bearing Maat," ^^ <^^ '
'
(r?)
'
^ Vi» I S^ p ^ , and the " Heteptiu gods bear-
i„g provlions."
f^^s^|J.î<>-î.
The text reads :
^111 I i -^z^ III I III I 1 I f J S' '.Zr I U I
t Jl I /^-S^ JF I A ^^.-^ -B^ ^ 1 111 ^^-^ I 1
^ I I I I I I
<=> gih I I I III I M I I I I I
/VVWV\
'^'-^^'^
;7:^;;aa
j\\ \ w \ \ A J\ <=>
I I I
=:> ^ I llM III <=l^^ (^3) II M

I I I
1 II
I I Jl I
I III
AAAAA^ , . — o ^ Cl ° S / I
<*— S n W^ÂAA /VvAAÂ
III -^-ÎM^DMlOllllll^llimi
I 1 |2^^>_Jlllll I M I h I I c^^ Jll I l^=(^3)i
X^ll I l_^<=>=0=| J i)(.wwvvl I I J^ .ww^^ H .if
Jl ?===> /wwv^ I I I I f C^D _B^ 1

1
THE REWARD OF THE BLESSED 185
r\m I I I I I S Q^^;^TiJ
r^\/\A/\/\ t —Ai— SQc^fTk^-P,
r=i3)
1 ^^ I I I - fl r I U :nisp
^^nmr
IVrfiJIf^^PI
5^ /VV^vVÂ
I I I ^ D MM I I 1 Ji^^
W^
I ^ c^ 1^ W
A
I I I f I I I I I I
1M^ A 1 I I
r\hhl\l^ N\N\N\
ffi sS^
1 I 1 rv^/w\ a 1 1 I ^ w
% !^. =0=1111 I im4D=o='

/VWJV^ —H
/WNAAA /VVÂÂ
,vw^S Jr s a I I 1 J^ I I S P
AAAAAA H
I H [IIIJ
" Otl'ering.s of incense to their gods, libations of cool

" water to their douljles, and fillings of the mouth
" by his sustenance afterwards by their offer-
"ings of drink and their otierings of bread. Come

" forth to them their gods and their doubles. Their

" hands are to them, and they go to their cakes
" through the pylon of and to its gods. Sar
" saith unto them — Your bread
:
' is to you, [according
" to] your utterances, and the peace cakes of Kheper,
" and loaves of bread. Ye shall have the mastery over
"your legs, and ye shall have satisfaction in your
"hearts, and your gods shall present unto you your
" Mienfit cakes and unto your doubles their provisions,
" which consist of bread, and their drink, which shall
" be of tclicser ale, and their libations shall be of cool
" water, and offerings shall be made unto them upon
" earth as the lord[s] of offerings in Amentet. For
" they have done what was right whilst they were
" upon earth, and they have fought on behalf of their
" god, and they shall he called to the enjoyment of the
" land of the House of Life with madt. That which
"is theirs by right shall be allotted to them in the
"presence of the Great God, who doeth away iniquity.'

" Then shall Osiris say unto them :
—
Madt be to you,
'
" ye Maat gods, and peace be unto you by reason of

" what ye have done in following after me, dwellers
" in the House, the soul of which is holy. Ye shall
" live your life upon that whereupon those who live
" there feed, and ye shall have dominion over the cool
" waters of your land. I have decreed for you that ye
" shall have your being in all of it with madt, and
" witliout sin (or, defects).' Their bread ',shall be maat
"cakes, their drink sliall be of wine, and their liljations
—
THE HARVEST IN THE KINGDOM OF OSIRIS 1S7
"shall be of cool water. And there shall be offered

"unto them upon earth the offerings which must be
" made from their land."
In the lower register are the figures of twelve men,
each of whom tends a monster ear of corn (?), or a tree,
under the superintendence of a god who leans on a
staff, and a group of reapers, each holding a sickle.
The text, which is nnitilated in places, reads :
A/VWV\ AA/WVv^^^^ r^ O AAAAAA Q

^ Y
olw
•'
000
111^ AAAAAA I I
|^^%^y" o I 1 I c:^::^ /v^^^ o
AAAA/V\ ^ D I
AAAAW , //f AA/WV\ /^N '
'^'^'^'^ H h ^ ,
,
O U
I 1 I 1 I I 1 I I C) ''
I I I (^ M I 1 Q 111^
U t/vv\^^
qoQ^ ° ^ ZJ 7;:^^ \=J^ ^

i88 SIXTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT
AA/VÂ
AÂAAA
A/WÂ I I I I I
•k^^
.^1 I I I J^
^' —— » qriQ o
AAA/V\A
AAAAAA I I
g^^ O
o '"'ill ^^Jl 4
AW^
QQQ
/
AAAAAA '•yy-y^ AAAA^\ ' " i
AAAAAA ^ k
AAV^VN I 1 I "ill I II I 1^ Di I ifilil ^ Wo o
qyiraqraiiqi^n^jqUJ
iratjra
AA/VÂ^ M^—
A/^WVS A/VV\AA
AWW\ AAAA/V\
I I I
iii ^ III
I I I
AAAAAA 1 I
^\ AAAAAA
1^ AAAAAA AAAAAA
S ^n^J^
n1 n1 m nln I n
^
"They perform their work in connection with the
"grain, and they embrace (i.e., cultivate) the divine

"grain (or, Nepiia), and the spirits feed upon their
"grain in the land of the god of light (Kiiu), who
" cometh forth and passeth by them, and [Neb-aut-ab,
" "^37 a\ "O", i.e., the Lord of iov of heart, saith unto
" them — Let yuur grain be

: ' glorious], and let your ears
" of wheat germinate, and let your offerings be for Ka.
" Your hhenfu cakes are in the Tuat, your offerings are
" to you, the offerings which are yours by madt are
— —
THE REAPERS IN THE KINGDOM OF OSIRIS 189
" decreed (?) for you. Herbs among you.

" Sar germinate '
and they say unto
" Ea :
— Let plants spring up in the Fields
' of the Tuat,
" and let Ea shine upon the members of Sar. When
" thou dost shine the young plants come into being,
" great god, thou creator of the Egg.' Their food
" offerings are of grain, their drink is of tcheser ale, and
" their libations are made with cool water. Offerings
" are made unto them upon earth of the grain from the
" Fields of the Tuat."
Of the reapers it is said :
"These are they who have their sickles and who

" reap the grain in their Field. Ea, saith unto them :
"
' Take ye your sickles, and reap ye your grain, for it is
" gi-anted unto you your habitations, and to

"join yourselves to the Circle of the Hidden of Forms.
" Hail to you, ye reapers !
' Their food is of bread-
" cakes, and their drink is of tcheser ale, and their
"libations are made with cool water. Offerings are
" made unto them upon earth as being those who reap
" the crrain in the Fields of the Tuat."
( igo )
CHAPTEE IX.
THE OATE OF AKHA-EN-MAAT.

The Seventh Division of the Tuat.
The boat of the Sun having passed through the Sixth

leads to the Seventh Division. This gateway is
similar to that which guards the Sixth Division, and

is guarded by nine gods, who are described as the
"Seventh Company," ^ iii ;

at the entrance to the
corridor, and at its exit, stands a bearded god, witli
arms hidden, the former being called SiiEPi,
and the latter Heqes(?), ,

and each is said to
H
extend his arms and liands to Rfi. The "corridor is
swept by flames of fire as before. The gateway is
called Pestit, —»— (J

(j ^ , and the text says, " This
"great god cometh to this gateway, and entereth in

" through it, and the gods who are therein acclaim him,"
Eii^^sivmiiîk^^
H
—
THE SERPENT AKHA-EN-MAAT IQI
. Part of the text of the speecli wliich the nine
gods make to Ea is broken away, hut what remains

reads, " Open the secret places, open tlie holy pylons,
" and unfold the hidden portals," 1
1
\Jf ==- ^^ ^^z:^
^ © n UTZJ
^^ nn ^ Z::::^. ^^ ^^^^ xhe monster
^ JJ I I I T^ 1 1 1 [ZS31 -nminr ===
serpent which stands on his tail and guards the gate-
way is called Akiia-ex-maat, ^_-=> , and the two
lines of text which refer to his admission of Ea read,

" He who is over this door openeth to Ea. Sa saith to
" Akha-ex-maat ^ :
— Open thy gate
' to Ea, unfold thy
" doors to Khuti, that he may send light into the
" thick darkness and may make his radiance illumine
" the hidden habitation.' This door is shut after the great
" god hath passed through it, and there is lamentation
" to those who are in this gateway when they hear this
"door close upon them." A portion of the text is
mutilated, but it can be restored with certainty."

In the middle of this Division we see the boat of Ea
being towed on its way by four gods of the Tuat ; the
god is in the same form as before, and stands in a shrine
enveloped l^y Mehen. Sa stands in the bows and Heka

at the stern. The text relating to the god reads :
ijL:zm^'Amr.s-^\^
°
• Var., 'f 1§IXj Akha-hrA.
- See Lelebure, Memoires, torn, ii., part ii., \A. 11 ff.
ig2 SEVENTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT
^^G
|>^;>^!
4^}\\-4&:M'mm
rM^Ziliu ^h*US.'l>M>
VOL. II.
194 SEVENTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT
,1
A/VVW\
0^11 \i\:zn
111
A^^vVNA A/VN^/SA
1^ AAAAAA K.
1 I iw Jl m
I I I O I ru j:i^^î I I
j\ III -
AÂ/W\ P \A /n
I I I Jl >*c crzn
^^S^ ^ ^
The Boat of Ra being towed through the Seventh Division of the Tuat
by the gods thereof.
Hiimilt /"^ I
[3ZD I J\ \ \ \ (^^
[ ^y [
AAAA/vA
-^ '^ n'
" The gods of the Tiiat tow along this great god, and
" they say unto Thou art towed along, Ea
great :
— '
"god, lord of the hours, who dost work on behalf of

" those who are under the earth.' The gods have life
"in liis attributes, and tlie spirits look upon liis forms.
"And llti saith unto tlicni:
— 'There is magical protec-
" tion to you, ye who tow, and there is holiness to
— — ;
GODS WHOSE HANDS AND ARMS ARE HIDDEN 195
" you, yc who tow and bring me into the nethermost

" parts of the Tiiat, tow ye me along until [yc arrive]
"at the chambers (?), and take ye your stand upon the
" hidden mountain of the horizon."
In front
of the divine towers of the boat march :
Twelve bearded gods, the Amenxu-aaiu-kiieku-

1.
siiETAU, whose hands and arms are hiddeft; tlioy are

described as " hidden of hands and arms and possessing
iiiiii^ iit
hiddenness,'
The text relating to

0^
them reads :
ffl
W^Vi
I I I
*-^ -* • AAA^v^^ I Laaaa^ I
^r^
-<2>-
I
^3, I
^ -IT <=> ^ ^ ^ I ^^v^ 1 1 t I yj D jwiv I I
i~vrn f
I
AAAAAA AAA/v^^ ^
q I I I I I I I
^ vyA L. W I
I I I I
^.U"C9.1^^ AÂ'V\A
=^ \ '
î?.
—
D D
n czsm
7i -=??^LnJ ^ \> If
[ ] ill ^ dZD
/WVVNA ^
s
' o ^^
=Z IZTZl
" These are they who possess the hiddeiiness (or, who
"hold the mystery) of this great god. Aêrily those
" who are in the Tuat see him, and the dead see him,
" who burn in Het-Benben (or, the temple of Ka), and
" they come forth to the place where is the body of this
" god. Ra saith unto them :
— ' Eeceive ye my forms,
" and emln'ace ye your hidden forms (or, mysteries).
" Ye shall be in Het-Benben, the place where my body
'
is. The hiddenness which is in you is the hiddenness
' of the Tuat, and cover ye your arms therewith.' And
" they say unto Efi :
— ' Let thy soul be in lieaA'en, at
" the head of tlie liorizon, let thy shadow penetrate
" the hidden place, and let thy body be to the earth ;
" as for the upper regions of the sky we ascribe Ra

"thereto Fulfil tliou thyself, and take thou
" thy place [with] thy l)ody in the Tuat.' Tlioir food
"consistetli of Dli'cvings of every kind wlierel)y souls

"l)ecome coutciil, and oflbrings are made unto them
_" ui»on earth liy reason of the siglit of the light in the
" Tuat."
2. Eight bearded gods, the Neteuu-heti, who stand
GODS WHOSE HANDS AND ARMS ARE HIDDEN ig/
c^ ^ ni- tf^ 2=s ,^ ^^ ^' ?^ ^ Sn T^ ^'"

n° 1 ~
^^ " ,_, ^^ ,^ CTT J^ ."*^ "lii-J 4>^ ^- .d^ ^
.^:= =s= A-K * -9 =^s^ ic=i^fl 4 -^ c^ fefl^ i=a K=s asas
I I I '
Tlie Twelve Gods whose bauds and arms are hiddeu.

— <
upright, with their hands hanging by their sides, and
are described as " the gods of the temples," |

| ]
; and eight gods, the Sennu, who stand
npright, with their arms held straight together in

front of them, at a little distance from their bodies.
The text which refers to them reads :
—)^3M a/vw tK "

—21 !< i
n -
UJ I I
J J £3
A/WW\ NsN\N\ «==«*'^ ^J
— «-
-Q
^ J\ III
I I I no
ri A/VAAAA M
\\2J\
I A/WVAA ^ AAAAW
A I \r-j\/\N\ 1 1 1
\ \\ I
^^ n
AAAA/^
'=^ Jl I I 1 ^ W ill 1 AW^ 1 I I ]^-Z 11

AAAAAA AAAftAA
III I I I
AÂÂA —
slmlJi:"^ mm FM iTi ^ III /WWVA

THE NETERU-HETI AND THE SENNU GODS IQQ
='f>^'yi;"HAT. ^ A¥' +
The Eight Neteru-heti.
Four of the Seniiu Gods,

—— "
». a I I I I I I I I I I ^^5 rri ^\
ijf ^ 111 ill
2^2
T
%
Ji
1
_B^ 2^^=^ L/wwvx

I
8
1
1\ ^ r^ ^^ iy Q- 1 M I
Tl I
s=i'^z^t±^^ a..
/wwv\ ^^-^ i<^
Qq(J AAA/V\A
I
I I I I
*^ I rArys/V\ AAAAAA 111
II 1 1 IJ
"These are they who are outside Het-Benben, and

" they see Ra with their eyes, and they enter into his
" secret (or, hidden) images ; that which is theirs is
" apportioned, and the Sennu gods bring it. [And Ra]
" saith unto them :
— My ' offerings (or, provisions) are
" from your offerings, and my nourishment is from
" your nourishment w^hich is to you, ye who are in
" my secret phices. I protect my secret things which
" are in Het-Benben. Hail to you ! Your souls live,
" and their offerings are the offerings of KiiUTi.' Tuati
" saith unto them
— :
' ye gods who dwell in the Tuat,
" who are in the divine [places] of the governor of
"Ament, to whom what is their due is given upon
" their ground, who lie down upon their own lands,
" your own flesh is to you, ye have gathered together
" your bones, ye have knit together your members, and
" ye have collected your flesh. There are, moreover,
" sweet winds to your nostrils, ye have girded on your
" apparel, and ye have put on your wigs.'
In the upper register are :
1. Twelve gods, the Kheru-metau[h], each of whom

holds a stake or weapon, forked at one end ; they are
described as " those who hold the metau weapons,"
—
THE KHERU-METAUH GODS 201
1i
tliese
^ i
reads
k ^^ :
ill-
'^'^^
.
**"' -^^'"""s '"
1 1 I I I D '/w!w! 1 M^D _ffi^ Ji X I 1 I

<^= I I I
rri :m rn s '^ 4^ rn
^WWN
^ iiiii'l
^
I I I 1 <==> ^ Ji I 1
I I I '^.^w. _£^ JT C^^ JT^m^^q^l^®

^ ^ fl
^
I I J\
I I I _B^ D © ^ (|()
W- ^^l'^ D ^ I ;^ [j
1
kai
4-\\\ I D D / t g Ji <:3> I I wwv\
I ,^ww^ ^111 r (^3) I X c. Ill I M _B^ <z:>
^ fi^ I
—— "
/ n fv y >
AAAwv <r\ , ra A
III lA I I I I ^CS^ S Jr s a I I I I I 31 _B^ M^
"Ea saith unto them: —'Eeceive ye your metauh

" weapons, and take ye them with you. Hail to you,
" [go against] the serpent fiend Mamu ; hail to you,
" make ye gashes in him when the heads appear from
" out of him, and turn ye him backwards.' They say

" unto Ra :
— ' Our metanh weapons in our hands are for
" Ea [and against] Mamu, and we will make gashes in
" the great and e^'il WoKM. Ra, do away tlie heads
" when they come forth from the windings of the
" serpent Kheti.' These are the gods who are in the
" [Boat of Rji], and they repulse Ai)ep in the sky, and
" they travel through the Tuat. It is their duty to
'* •* • '* • • *.'•*.' » .

' * •'. .. ,'..•• *.••.'> .^ « •
' «• .
•
' •
i»
'i
1~ <^ ® J^
a»— ^5 ,1
1 c-a
Jssj
Tx
I
.
^d=?
.__a
\ 'tii TÂ
liM *-H
\ jJL>
^ ^^ 4i2^ g^yjsy.
H^H Jl^ ^^^^—' I -« ^î*T". ::^^ '

ifl^ O
The Kberu-Metauli Gods.
" turn Ijack Apep on Ijelialf of Ra in Amentet and the

" j)laces of the Tuat. And this god allotteth to them
" tlieir provisions of bread, and their beer is the tchesert
" drink, and their libations are of cool water, and
" offerings are made to them upon earth because they
" repulse the Enemy of Ra in Amentet."
2. The gods KiiEiiU-AMU-rEREiiu-TEru-EM-QEBU-F, and
the monster serpent Seba-Apep, the body of which is held
THE GODS OF STAKES 203
a..
_^ K5 ^
AWWVVA '
>
The Khcru-Metauh Gods.
up above tlie ground by twelve bearded gods, who are

described as " those who have food when the heads appear
III. Tw-elve human heads grow out from his body,
i;;ai:^>)iââttit>iM T T"
""^ ' osrra ..= I

III ' '
/j
AA.VV^VV\
^
-*
^ . •
— V
rr;
'
^^ ^ l^'i-
o -^
The Kheru-Metauh Gods.

—
the first appearing from liis head, aud tlie other eleven
from his hack. The text whicli rehites to them reads :
^\ A^w^^
A;VWW AAAA^^
O \\\m^
o ji I
S^^ j\
I I I
J(||iiii;
A/VS/W\ I I I L) U ^ 1 w. AAAAAA
^^ c^^
AAAAAA
I I I 1 III i zi
J\
I I I A/V\A/V\ I 1 I [^^ 1 flmî 1 1
^J? '^ \\ W A A
I l_HiJ^l Mill
AAAAAA
\
D ra ra
fZI^Î^^^
^
"These are they who are the adversaries of his
" two-fold evil, and who overthrow the enemies of Ea,
" and it is their duty to seize the SEBA-Fiend when he
" maketh heads to come forth from him. [Ra] saith to
—
THE SERPENT SEBA-APEP 205
"them: —'Turn yc back Seba, make ye to go liack-

"wards Apep wlieii the heads appear from out of him,
"and let him perish.' [Ea] ordereth for him his
" destruction. '
heads, ye shall he eaten, ye shall Ije
ye shall he consumed, when ye come forth from

" eaten,
"him.' Ea ordereth for them when they come forth

" that they shall be consumed (or, swallowed up) [in]
" their folds when he journeyeth to them, and that the

"heads shall retreat within their folds. The WoPvM
" Hefau shall be without eyes, and he shall l)e without
"his nose, and he shall be without his ears, and he
" shall exist upon his roarings, and he shall live upon
" that which he himself iittereth. The food [of these
"gods] consisteth of the offerings [which are made to

" them] upon earth."
3. An upright, bearded mummied form called Qan,
a -jj . To the neck of this figure are attached two
ropes, which are twisted together synnuetrically, and

are grasped by twelve bearded men with both hands.
Each god stands within a loop formed by the two ropes,
and has a star before him. The gods are described as
"
" those who hold the rope which cometh forth
^ \>\^'Z:Z^(^îti§. More the figure
are the words (]

zl
J ^ (2
The text reads :
1^ mm
ft "r 11 zr^ /wwn Q ^^ I I »
m
Ok^î^LM^S^S
,/^ Ili 7i AV<AÔ Q 111
Tlio .Serpent 8el)ii-A|H'|i, uiili the iwclvc liuninn hciuls wliicli i;i(i\v out of liia
boily uikI his twelve iilloii(liiiit yoiia.
THE SERPENT SEBA-APEP 207
r~TTn ^
-A_—
O nJL g ^ "'^^ yV>*VWM nA»MM
A^
4ii'& \tjW
'i
rr. o^
Â^
^. ?^
^ •
The Serpent Seba-Aiiep, wiili the twelve liuiiHiii lieiiUs which grow out of his
Ixxlj- and his twelve atteuilant gods.
. .. fl
III" ^ i II c. D A\ \\ I 11 c=^ §
—H — ra n ir\ n fi\ / -(^ r> AAAAAA o r\ -(^ /
_il .Zl^V^ <i:HI *^^ » ^ i 1 ,WyW\ _Zi II I I iU 1 _/i /VVWV\
^ ft'^ ?S /T^k <=« '"=^ A tV 555CJK; i**^*' «= =»=^
^8?^ f= -g- ^ ^ ,8. ^ £1 A "^
Tlie god Qeua, aud the gods who hold the roi)e.
/WWNA ^ V^
I
'=^
I I I
^
AAAAAA /vvwv\
1^ A/WVNA I I I I I H
"The Enemy of lifi coincth I'orth IVoiii tho 'Puat.
" Offerings shall be made unto the gods of that whereby
" I exist under the trees. Seize ye the rope, and tic ye
QENA AND THE GODS WHO HOLD THE ROPE 20g
cj-a
fv
_A»
^JB
cw>a
/!=«=. ^M .s.
-^* ^^ '=^
=^ £a ^^
1.=:=^ ',^ ss:!3
The gods w ho hold the rope.
" therewith the mouth of Aqen. Your hours come

"forth, and there is benefit to you tlierein. Eest ye
" upon your throne[s], and let the rope enter into the
" mouth of the god A(,>en when he eometh to the pLace
» t
..- *•
.
• - .» : . • .
^^ -Xi i|-J» H-^ ^

fc^ o
-fe* Tsa
*^ a
. c=^ ?=^ ^^
^ rr-^
The ijuds who hold tlie rope.
VOL. n.
—
" where the hours are born ; Kfi crieth out, and it
" resteth in its place, and it maketh an end of Anecj.

" They say unto Ea :
— The' god Naq is tied up with
"the rope, the hours of the gods(?) are to thee, Ea,
'
" with light. Eest thou and thy hidden body
" Their provisions of loaves of bread are to them, their
" beer is tchesert, and their libations are of cool water,
" and offerings are made to them upon earth."
TV- h/WVH
AMV/A 1. A god, standing, and leaning
upon a long staff; his name is Tuati,
^ w
2. The serpent Neiiep, , tlie
^
ran'
long body of whicli is made to serve
as biers for twelve gods in mummied
form ; the serpent's body is provided
with twenty-four legs of lions, and
The god Tuati,
a mummied god rests over each pair
of them. These gods are described as " those who

are in the body of Osiris asleep," -
I
^
"^^^^
M "v^ I
, and "those who are in inactivity,"
3. Four gods, each with his arms stretclied straight
together before him at an acute angle with his body.

'
The legend reads, IcJiatit-ta-rut

^f\ O ^^
THE TWELVE SLEEPING GODS 211
£^
AV^ ii-=*=*
; j.}^4..ifrA
<ri:>.^CM<!sa,i^CkaAtViUUiMk^^:.A^<i{ttiUuaAciMAAAA^^^&.\.-i^
Ji.vj-.' . '
.i, . ' '
.«.'. •.•-
' «'. ^.'. -J .J.- • .-['
'
«•.:«•« .-V''
.. . - • i TTT^^^'"^''^^^?^?'^^?^*?!'
^. =#, -^ ^^ ^ ^ 4^ W-* v'
'^s£ ^^
The gods who are asleep iu the body of Osiris,

>>A^ -^ ^?fe< A,vsjjv, ,,vyiv«
X^ - -^ i«„ • • • II ^*V^ Avww\ »W »«» .' , 1 -J^

RB»
J»^ *VVVWJ
j)e^ji ^XSivV^
TtC^ B~^ ^hJ i^ SL
«^P ^T* /^^ ,1 III
fr.ll
1^
kill
^^ ff^ r^H S==? ?>f^' I * ^^r Wf», • ' .' «l^ I 4B>
X\ J».
l,^ ^
L^ ^"' i^ ^^
i*iv>^
iii , J
-F
A,n
•=^
^1^
î
The gods who are asleep in the body of Osiris.

l^c^ »j" 8>.« ^:p, A 3« n^ S^ M r^ ^ ^^
^- I.T.
• • • V,\ ^- ^C- TTT ^~^, ^ ^ *^
Four Khast-ta-rut Gods.
*
X»wv\^
\^'\=l))^
I i. ... '
. .
A jrod in The serpent in the round Four Khast-ta-rut Gods.

mummied form. ijool of fire.
—
4. Four gods.
5. A serpent within a circle filled with water.
6. A god in mummied form.
The text relating to these reads :
r "Fill I I
s=>
III I I I —»— ^ I
I
I /^>ÂA^
I
I I Q. Ill
/I
^
AV\AAA
1 I n V—
H Zl
fl
I
I
g
AAAAA^
>
MM'
I
i^
AA/\AAA
(i.
/VÂAAA
T^%K I
m^^ iiirriV.:F ^ly

I
AA^NAAA
I I
® S Q O^ I I I II ^ \
^ A/VNAAA
I I
AAAAAA
I M II I
AAAAAA Ci W;\ AAAA/V\

fi
D ^ I
AAAAAA I
AAAAAA
I I I \> I I I I
A/VWV\ 1
I I I
AAAAAA '•-"""'- AAAAAA

V A/VAW\ AAAAAA AAA/VV\ AAAAAA I I I I I I
AAAAA^ H
c^ D I I I
I I I
î^ AA^WNA
fVWW\
AAAAAA
I I I
AAAAAA
ra D »t^^:i:"ivî
THE TWELVE SLEEPING GODS, ETC. 215
r^ MM ^ 111 llCil^f
?
—— "
/VWVV\ /f' ">v
iEZ
n 1 I 1 I ^ I s
W^
III ^ III ^) I A^ III I I I _M^ O
^ AAAAAA A/WVV\ I I I I I S 8
^ \>
? lU I
AAAAAA
AAA/ I I I
*1 S.
AAAAAA AAAAAA
f ."1 '— '

„
U A/V\AAA
AA^VSAA AAAAAA
/WVW\ AAAAAA ^ O
oQ,$ra s
^1111 I s
I I
^ *-> A/VWV\ _m^ AAAAAA —»— '

^ 'N 1 ^ (UK AAAAAA Zl U
p / AAA/Â^
Pi I
ra
AAAA^\A ^ ^ o , 1 ^ AAAAAA I
^ o
A/VVW\ ,
AAAAAA
*1
"^ o,
,C3J;p— «7 AAAAAA 1^ AA/W\A 1^
f\
^ A^yw^^ p r]
^ -1
2T6 SEVENTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT
aîznjM I
<=> 2:5=5 I I
-ra^^-^M ffl
ra n^ ^ O
fifl^$?kniii^
(E3)
/^
^ I I I 1 I I
1 O v^ AAAA/
/Â^vÂA M AA/^/vÂ
'
» Msrj\l\j\
H W/-\ -
<i a I I I I I s
I I I
A/vw^^
AA/W^V\ I I I
^ /WVW\ ' ' AAÂA^
^w^NAA ^:^ LI I I I
A^^>A^^ — If
AW/V\A A/V\AAA rcD

<Ci^ -H-
I /W\AAA /w^vvA (-] pi AW\A^
rt3 I 1 I I III 7i III
/^ÂA\^ — m-
1'k§^ A/WVV\
I I I .y^ I s
I /VVÂA^ I AV\/vV\ ^* *>, AA/WV\ \\\ hH | O
i^^î I n Q. nil I I -^^ I I 1 1 I i-M5t(^3)iA
A^WWS
_,
;/V
I
i\) /VVWVv AAAAAA
III
M-
VVWV\
/VVWNA
^
^ I [ I
fW\r\AA AÂAAA I I I
^.^M 0' <^,N

Sf "^ AAAAAA
^ o
_ /I
r~\
" Tliu g(jd Tuati saith unto thcni :

— Hail, ' ye gods
!
THE SERPENT NEHEP, ETC. 217
" who are over the Tuat, yc gods who dwell in this
" [place] of the governor of Anient, who abide per-
" manently on your places, and who lie down upon
"your couches, lift up the flesh of your bodies, and
"gather together your bones, and gird up your
" members, and bring ye into one place your flesh
" There is sweet (or, fresh) air for your nostrils. Loose
" and take oil" your funeral swathings, untie and remove
" your wigs, unclose your eyes and look ye at the light
" therewith, rise ye up from out of your inert and
" helpless state, and take possession yourselves of your
" fields in Sekhet-nebt-hetepu (i.e.. Field, lord of offer-
" ings). There are fields for you in this Field, and the
"waters thereof are for you. Let your offering be
" there, [and] fields from Nebt-hetepu.' Their libations
"shall be of water. It is the serpent Nehep who
" giveth their bodies [and] their souls, and they journey
"on Sekhet-Aaru to have dominion over their
to
"libations, and to walk over the earth. They count

" up their flesh, their food is of bread-cakes, and
" their drink is of tchesert ale, and their libations
" are of water. Offerings are made unto them upon
"earth as [unto] the god Sah, who resteth upon his
" ground."
"These are they whu arc in the circuit uf tliis pnol.
" There is a serpent living in this pool, and the water
" of the pool is of fire, and the gods of the e^rth and
" the souls of the earth cannot descend thereto by
"reason of the flames of fire of this serpent. This
2l8 SEVENTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT
'great god who is the governor of the Tuat liveth

'
in the water of this pool."
And Ea saith unto them :
— " Hail to you, ye gods
'
who guard this holy pool, give ye yourselves to him
'
that is the Governor of Aukert. The water of this
'
pool is Osiris, and this water is Khenti-Tuat. This
'
flame consumeth and destroyeth the souls which dare
'
to approach Osiris, and the awe of this pool cannot
'
be done away, or made an end of, or overcome. As
'
for the gods who keep ward over its waters, their
'
food is bread, and their drink is tchesert ale, and
'
their libations are of water. Offerings are made unto
'
them upon earth as unto Teri in Amentet, lord of
'
offerings. There are fields for you in this Field,
'
and the waters thereof are for you. Let your offer-
'
ings Ije there [and] fields from Nebt-lietepu. Their
'
libations shall be of water. It is the serpent Nehep
'who giveth their bodies [and] their souls, and they
'journey into Sekhet-Aaku to have dominion over
'
their libations, and to walk on the earth. They
'
count up their limbs, their food is of liread-cakes, and
'
their drink is of tchesert ale, and their libations are
'
of water. Offerings are made unto them upon earth
'
as unto Saii, who resteth upon his ground.
" These are they who are in the circuit of this pool.
"
'
There is a serpent living
( 219 )
CHAPTER X.
THE GATE OF SET-HRA.

The Eighth Division of the Tuat.
Having passed through the Seventh Division of the

Tuat, the boat of the Sun arrives at the gateway called
leads to the Eighth

Bekhkhi, f^ liriD, which
JJ [](|
Division, or, as the opening text reads :

<rp> 1] "I
<::;;:> | c^ ^ /wvw\ A -A _cr^ '^ -^ av/^â avv^v\ U I I /vvwvi
^'^^
v\ " god
n^ O
"^
I
'
111
-fl-
[j
iU t\
J^ Jl
I
I
"^^^^
1 I
,
I'
This great
"cometh forth to this gate, and entereth through it,
"and the gods who are therein acclaim this great god."
The gateway is like that through which the god passed
into the previous Division, and its outwork is guarded
by nine gods in the form of mummies, who are described
as the Paut, i.e., the company of the nnie gods,

R
^ III
iii '=>.
At the entrance to tlie gate proper stands a bearded,

mummied form, with his hands folded on his l)reast,
'^'''^ exit stands a similar
, and at its
form called Heptti,

| ^ '^ ^^; each of these is said
220 EIGHTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT
to " extend his arms and hands to Ka," ft I '^^s—
.- a;^^_ ^ . The corridor is swept by flames of fire,
which proceed from the mouths of two uraei, as before.
The company of the gods who guard the outwork

address Efi, and say, " Come thou to us, thou who
" art at the head of the horizon, thou great god
" who openest hidden places, open for thyself the holy
" pylons, -^-^

and unfold the doors thereof," -^^ ^^^zz:^ i
The monster serpent, which
stands on his tail and guards the door, is called Set-hra,
* , and the two lines of text which refer to his
admission of Ka read, " He who is over this door

"openeth to Ea. Sa saith unto Set-hra: — Open thy
"gate to Ka, unfold thy portal to Khuti, so that he
" may illumine the thick darkness, and may send light
" into the hidden abode. This gate closeth after the
" great god hath passed through it, and the souls who
" are on the other side of it wail when they hear the
" door closing \\\nm them," ^^ V ^ ^
*"
i) I ^S . a cnj 1
"^ "^ 1 Tnmir / '^jil
The gate of the Serpent Set-hra.
z4 -A 1
I
D
A^(Vv^^
ra © ?) 1 Leg 4
iiiiiiiii
111 the middle of the Division we see tlie boat of
Ea being towed on its way by four gods of the Tuat,
;
the god is in the same form as before,
and Sa stands on the look-out, and Heka obeys his
instructions as to the steering. At the head of the
The Bout of
IffliM
Ra being towed through the Eighth Division
by the gods thereof.
of the Tuat
four gods who tow the boat stands an aged god, who
leans on a long staff', and is called " He who dwelleth
DOO
in Nu," - Immediately in front of the
divine procession is a long tank, wherein we see four

groups, each containing four beings, who are repre-
sented in the act of performing various evolutions in
the water. These are called Herpiu, ^ D (](]

yN i,
Akiu, (j S (j () ^ ,
NuBiu, r^ J (]
()
^ I
,
and Kiiepau,
— —
THE GODS OF THE WATERS 223
r-> Kw v^ •,
wliicli names may 1)e translated
" Bathers, Floaters, Swininiers, and Divers." The text

which refers to this section reads :
AAAAAA """**
(p
T1^^.2^V1Ji^\ifl I I I v^
«ô I
"1 C\ ;
B t]
^1^!
s
^ *-* rrV^ 'A^^za — 1 I I U AVVA"A
. , T7
msÂ
AAA/V\A
s o<^ os:
>k I I I
rti -^
^
^ :r^
(^
AA/VW\
A(WVV\ M — — I
A/WVW
<£? 1 I I
e III
I I i^1=1iî^°1VTi^îî
AAAAAA D
Jfl^^lfli^.v^l
O 11 /WvVvA -> ^ W J\
rm
I I III
o o fv »< — ^ I ^ n c /
11 î; 1 p îrnlV
/WW\A I I I I I <ZI> (5 1 1 fVWJV, O A/VWV\ — I I I
— .
ffi(J0!D?^D2^ P^ mft AAAÂA T^

I £r ^
/WWVS
I I I
^!\\^
/SA/VNAA
o
1 I ^ @ I
] M I I I I AA^^/Â ^ I I I I I I
<;b^ AAAWVV
f^\
^^ I I I (2 ^
ww\ —<— c-\
I I I I I I D s
S ? ^J ^ D 2^^^ 1 X ^ w
; •5j=^ o I
I
s^ 111 I I I Jy iîl ^ III !^0l
AA/W\A M AWVV\
A/WVAA '^'^^^ A/WV\A
A/WW\ I 1 I '^ A/VÂ/V\ Mis:
A^WÂ^
D
The first section of this text reads :
This great god is towed along by gods of the Tuat,
and behold, those wlio tow Ea along say, " Let there be
"praise in heaven to tlie soul of Efi, and let there be
"praise on earth to liis l>o(ly, ftir heaven is made young
" by means of his soul, and earth is made young by

" means of his body. Hail ! We open for tliee the
" hidden place, and we make straight for thee the roads
" of Akert. I'e thou at peace, Efi, witli thy hidden
"things, thou who art praised [by] tliy secret things
" in thy forms (or, attri[)utes). Hail ! We tow thee
— —
THE GODS OF THE WATERS 225
*'
along, Ea, we guide thee, thou who art at the
" head of heaven, and thou comest forth to those who
" arc immersed in the waters, and thou slialt make thy
**
way over them."
The passage which refers to the aged god reads :
"He (literally, those) who is in Nu saith to those

" who are immersed in the water, and to those who are
" swimming in the pools of water, '
Look ye at Rii, who
" journeyeth in his boat, [for he is] Great of Mystery,
<**"*« >^>« ân **"^ ' », il I XI <"S> I 2- I .vv^^«• • * r—l III " Aw«yvv> /HVWA
The Four Herpiu Gods, and the Four Akiix Gods.
" It is he who ordereth the destinies (or, affairs) of the

" gods, it is he who perf ormeth (or, maketh) the plans
" of the Khu (i.e., the spirits). Hail ! Eise up, ye
" beings of time, pay ye heed to Ea, for it is he wlio
"
" ordereth your destinies.'
The speech of Ea reads :
" Put fortli your heads, ye who are immersed in

" tlie water, thrust out your arms, ye who arc under
" the waters, stretch out your legs, ye who swim, let
" there be breath to your nostrils, ye who are deep
VOL. n. Q
—
"ill the waters. Ye shall have dominion over your

" waters, ye shall be at peace in your tanks of cool
" waters, ye shall pass through the waters of Nu, and ye
" shall make a way through your cisterns. Your souls
" are upon earth, and they shall be satisfied with their
" means of subsistence, and they shall not suffer destruc-
" tion. Their food shall consist of the offerings of the
" earth, and meat and drink shall be given unto them
" upon earth, even as to him that hath obtained dominion
A-
• • I M 'ij^rr.i^-î
The Four Nubiu Gods, and the Four Khcpau Gods.
" over his offerings upon earth, and whose soul is not
" upon the earth. Their food shall consist of bread,
"and their drink shall be tche.sert wine, and their
<' cisterns shall Ije full of cool water, and there shall be
" offered unto them upon eartli of tliat whicli tliis lake
" produceth."
In the upper register arc the following :
1. Twelve ])earded gods, who stand with their arms

lianging by tlioh- sides, and are described as tlie "divine
"sovereign chiefs who give the bread wliich hatli been
THE TCHATCIIAU AND THE SOULS OF SERSER 227
" allotted and green herbs to the souls who are in the
" Lake of Serser (i.e., blazing fire)," I i

^
CF=0
^ v_-^
^f — .^'iS
The Tchalchau -who give tlie bread of Maat,
Souls who are in the Lake of Serser.
2. Nine bearded, human-headed and human-handed

hawks, which stand with their hands raised in adora-
tion ; before each is a loaf of bread, ^ , and a few
—
green herbs, '^. These are described as the "souls

" who are in the Lake of Serser," J^
I 3S
o. A god, who holds a sceptre in his right hand, and

•¥- in his left.
The texts which relate to these read :
ANÂW H-
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—
THE SOULS OF SERSER 22g
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The porti(jn of the text which refers to tlie twelve
sovereign chiefs reads :
" These are they who make souls to have a right to

" the green herljs in the Lake of Serser. Ea saith
" unto them :
— ' [Hail, ye] divine sovereign princes of
" the gods, and ye chiefs of the Lake of Serser, who
"place souls over their green herbs, let them have
•
" dominion themselves over their bread give ye your

;
" bread which is appointed, and bring ye your green

" herbs to the souls who have been ordered to exist
" in the Lake of Serser.' They say unto Ea :
— The'
" bread appointed hath been and the green herbs have
•'
been brought to the divine souls whom thou hast
" ordered to exist in the Lake of Serser. Hail ! Verily,
" the way is fair ; for Khenti-Amenti praiseth thee,
" and those who dwell in Ta-thenen praise thee.' Their
" food is of bread-cakes, and their beer is the tcliesert
" beer, and their libations are of cool water ; and
" offerings are made unto them upon earth by those
" who are with (?) Tui by the divine sovereign princes."
The passage which refers to the souls in the Lake of
Serser reads : —
"These are they who are in the Land of Serser;
" they have received their l)read, and they have gained
" the mastery over this Lake, and they praise this
"great god. Ea, saith unto them: —'Eat ye your
"green her])R, and satisfy ye yourselves with your
" cakes ; let there be fulness to your bellies, and satis-
" faction to your hearts. Your green herbs arc of
"the Lake of Serser, the Lake which may not 1)0
"approached. Praise ye me, glorify ye me, for I am

" the Great One of terror of the Tuat.' They say
" unto Ea — Kail
:
' to thee, thou Great One of the
" SEKiiitviu (i.e., Powers) ! Praise is thine, and majesty
"is tliiiio. The Tuat is tliino, and [is subservient] to
" thy will ; it is a hidden place [made] by thee for
—
THE BURNT ENEMIES OF OSIRIS 231
" those who are in its Circles. The height of Heaven

" is thine, and [is suhservient] to thy will ; it is a
"secret place [made] by thee for those who belong
" thereto. The Earth is for thy dead Body, and the
" Sky is for thy Soul. Ra, be thou at peace (or, be
" content) with that which thou hast made to come
"into being.' Their food consisteth of bread-cakes,
" their green herbs are the plants of the spring, and
" the waters wherein they refresh themselves are cool*
. • • 1 1
1 . i
Souls who are in the Lake of Serser. A god with a sceptre.
" Offerings are made unto them upon the earth as

" [being] the product of this liake of Serser."
1. Horus [the Aged], in the furm of a bearded man,

leaning upon a staff.
2. Twelve bearded beings, who are described as the

"burnt enemies of Osiris,"
4-\°00 j3 J^
(ifl) \^\\ I . The first four have their arms tied
—
behind their back in such a way that the right hand

projects at the left side, and the left hand at the right
side. The second four have their hands tied together

at the ell)Ows, and the upper parts of the arms are at
right angles to their shoulders. The third four have
their arms tied together at the elbows, and their elbows
are on a lower level than their shoulders.
3. A monster speckled serpent, which lies in undu-
lations immediately in front of the enemies of Osiris,
;ct
r
Horus the Aj«-ed. The Burnt Enemies of Osiris.
and belches fire into the face of their leader ; the name
of this serpent is Kheti, ^ 1 1 . In each undulation
stands a bearded god in mummied form, and the

hieroglyphics written alcove describe them as " the
gods who are above Kiieti,"

] V 1 I 1^ \\
The text reads :
tJ\/W^
^=S^
f\/\f\fJV\
-5^
n D
THE ENEMIES OF OSIRIS 233
^ 1(2 111- fl
i Ji Uê ^1 I II I II I MM 1^^ AAA^Â^ I A»NA/W\
e ^^ I X iK _îii III ^ 1111 x^^>^
I I |;^| llXiJ ^5 ^mi I I 1^-^ I ^ e
I I I
III
(]J^ I
AA/VS/V\
iiiiiiiii iimnr <=^ ^^

^ _^ I I I
2^.=:^ /wv^ V— fl ^z:^ C3a i;—.^ © ^ _^^^
nn.tv'i — =n?
fifi-aiiiînJmy
:^:i^ D
X
" [This scene representetli]
" what Horns cloeth for his
" father Osiris. The enemies
" who are in this scene have
" their calamities ordered for
" them hy Horns, who saith
" nnto them — Let :
' there l)e
" fetters on yonr arms, O

" enemies of my father, let
" yonr arms be tied np towards
.fT.j-.fUlJ^
" yonr heads, ye who have
" no [power], ye shall be fettered
" [with yonr arms] behind you,
" ye who are hostile to Rfu
nmww S " Ye shall l)e hacked in pieces,

"
THE SERPENT KHETI 235
"ye sliall nevermore have your heing, your souls shall

" be destroyed, and none [of you] shall live ]>ecause of
" what ye have done to my father Osiris ;
ye have
"put [his] mysteries behind your backs, and ye have
"dragged out the statue [of the god] from the secret
" place. The word of my father Osiris is madt against
"you, and my word is maot against you, ye who
" have desecrated (literally, laid bare) the hidden things
" which concern the rest (or, resting-place) of the Great
" One who begot me in the Tuat. ye shall cease to
" exist, ye shall come to an end.'
" Horus saith :
— ' [0] my serpent Kiiet, thou Mighty
" Fire, from whose mouth cometh forth this flame
" which is in my Eye, whose undulations are guarded
" by [my] children, open thy mouth, distend thy jaws,
" and belch forth thy fires against the enemies of my
" father, burn thou up their bodies, consume their
"souls by the fire which issueth from thy mouth,
"and by the flames which are in thy body. My
" divine children are against them, they destroy
" [their] spirits, and those who have come forth from
"me are against them, and they shall never more
" exist. The fire which is in this serpent shall come
" forth, and shall blaze against these enemies whenso-
" ever Horus decreeth that it shall do so.' Whosoever
" knoweth how to use words of power [against] this
" serpent shall be as one who doth not enter upon his
" fiery path,"
The end of this text on the sarcophagus of Seti I. is

defective, but from the tomb of Eameses VI. we see

that it should end thus :
— " Offerings shall be made
" to these gods who are upon this great serpent. Their
" food is of bread, their drink is of fesher beer, and the
" waters of their libations are cool."
( 237 )
CHAPTER XL
THE GATE OF AB-TA.
The Ninth Division of the Tuat.
Having passed through the Eighth Division of the

Tuat, the boat of the sun arrives at the gateway called
Aat-shefsheft, ^ i which leads to the

^ III
Ninth Division, or, as the opening text reads : <===> [1 >/
1' D---^n p- - T^n p- - [)
^ fl
—«— '^^'^^ I]
'
^ i
~ '
""*"'
" This great god cometh to this gate, and entereth

" through it, and the gods who are therein acclaim this
" great god." The gateway is like that through which
the god passed into the previous Division, and its
outwork is guarded by nine gods in the form of
mummies, who are described as the Paut, i.e., the
company of the nine gods, îii^. At the entrance
to the gate proper stands a bearded, mummied form,

with his hands folded on his l)reast, called Anhefta,
1) R , and at its exit stands a similar form

238 NINTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT
'"
called Ekmen-ta, ; each of these is said to
" extend his arms and hands to Ea," ft 1 cj^^j
or fi ^ 2^-==— - 1^=^ . The corridor is swept by
flames of fire, which proceed from the months of two

nraei, as before. The company of the gods who guard
the outwork address Ea, and say, " Come thou to us,
" thou who art the head of the horizon, thou great
"god who openest the secret places, open for thyself
" the holy pylons, and unfold for thyself the holy doors
" tliereof,"
^^rn(f|[,^,,cO:]JDV^
1^ — — — c=.^|
AAAAA^ j,^^
-innmr ^cz:^ U 1 _g^ nzsiD -^z::^ I I I
^'^^-^ Jl 1
monster serpent which stands on his tail and guards
the door is called Ab-ta, I X "

, and the two lines
of text which refer to his admission of Ea read, " He

" who is over this door openeth to Ea. Sa saith unto
" Ab-ta, '
Open thy gate to Ea, unfold thy portal to
" KiiUTi, so that he may illumine the thick darkness,
" and may send light into the hidden abode.' This gate
" closeth after this god hath passed through it, and the
" souls who are on the other side of it wail when they
" hear this door closing upon them," -^^ ^ ,
D I
,v,,„,^ ..^g^ 5li \ OTt Timmr [i:^ awwv a/v!La I a^^wvs ^ W

,l. l .-'. » ., ,
'
' •
*' »'• »
The Gate of Ab-ta.

—
ratK L
- -
III
AWW\ c^ A J\ 1 v>A ^ _zr I I
^ M
J\ 1 D
IIIIMIII A^/wvs'
In the middle of the Division we see the boat of

Ra being towed on its way by four gods of the Tuat,
^ ; the god is in the same form as before,
-
^ »-
III
•
?^
II— .
«
•
>»AAA«M I I £\_
I • J
AW^WX
i
•
Tho Boat of Af-Ril in the Ninth Division of the Tuat.
and Sa stands on the look-out, and Heka obeys his

instructions as to steering. The procession which
marches in front of the boat consists of :
1. Six bearded male figures, standing upright, who

hold in their liands the ends of a rod, or rope, which
is l)cnt in tlie shape of a liow over tlicir lieads ; these
are descril)od as " tlioso who are over the words of
magical power,"
pni^^^îi^^lî-
.
THE GODS WHO CAST SPELLS 241
2. Four dog-headed apes, which hold a rod bent as

already described ; these are described as " those who
work magic by means of knots for Ea," ogjggo (1(1 v^ 1
O.
3. Four women, who stand upright, and hold a bent
Gods, goddesses, and apes casting spoils on Apop.
The speannen. Sliesshes and Apep.
rod, or rope, over their heads like the four apes and
the six male figures; they are descril)ed as "those who
work magic by means of knots for Ea," "im^ [1 (1 O
4. Tbree male figures, each holding a harpoon in
VOL. n. li
—
his right hand, and a cord in his left ; they are called
" spearmen," o
J J
v\ \\ ^^ 1 . Immediately in
front of these is a beartled male figure, who has been

lying prostrate on his face ; he has upon his head a
small solar disk and a pair of ass's ears, and his name
is Aai, (]'^^(](]5 i-e-> the Ass. In his hands he
grasps a rope, which passes over his head and along his
back, and is held by each of the three spearmen in his
left hand ; from the knees upwards his body is raised
in a diagonal position, and this attitude suggests that
he has either raised himself by means of the rope, or
has been pulled into this position by the spearmen.

Facing the Ass are :
— 1. Tlie monster serpent Apep,
^^^^'
, and 2. The crocodile Shessiies, rm 1 izszi 1,
with a tail ending in the head of a serpent.

The text, which refers to the whole of this section,
reads :
J\ I /vwwv - D ^H I III ^ -^ W 1 1 I I A III

O
I
I
^ jr <^=> Ji I
fl Ji 111 ' I I I /wvw. I I I
I (^ M 7\ I I I Ji^ ^ I I X m. I I I
c —
DEFEAT OF APEP 243
' I I
Q AAAAftA
D D ^ _M^
AA/VNAA
I I I
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^<—- <^^ ^ n n —*— AAAA/NA
Q
/V/y«y^/^
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l^k^^ml'n^rfiflraqypjiii
ii-q^rsrî^^î^y-'^^
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^
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" This great god is towed along by the gods of the

" Tuat, aud those who tow llii along say :
— The ' god
— "
" Cometh to his body, aud the god is towed along to his
" shadow. be thou at peace with thy body, and we
" will tow thee along in tliy integrity into thy (literally,
" his) secret place. Come thou, Eii, and be thou at
" peace with thy body, for thou shalt be protected by
" those who are over the curved ropes (?).'
The text which refers to the six men, four

apes, and four women, with nets over their heads,
reads :
" Those who are in this picture march before E.l, and
" they utter words of power against Apep, and [then]
"return to the Arit (or, Hall) of the horizon. They
"journey onwards with him into the height of heaven,
" and they come into Ijeing for him in the Atekti
"(i.e., the two portions of the sky in which Ea rises
"and sets), and they cause him to rise in NUT. And

" they say their words of power which are these :
— Out
'
" upon thee, thou Eebel Serpent ! Out upon thee,

" thou monster tlmt destroyest, thou Apep that sendest
" forth thy evil emanations (or, deeds) ! Thy face shall
" be destroyed, Apep. Thou shalt advance to the
" block of execution. The Nemu are against thee, and
" they shall hack thee in pieces. The Aaiu are against
"thee, and they shall destroy thee. The Abebuiti
" (i.e., the three spearmen) shall drive [their harpoons]
" into thee, and they shall enchant thee by means of
" their Hail ! Thou art destroyed, dashed in pieces,
"
" and stubbe<l to dcatli, serpent Sessi.'
"Those wh<j are in this scene, and who have their
—
THE GODS OF THE SOUTH 245
"spears, keep ward over the rope of Ai, and they do

"not permit this Worm to approach the Ijoat of the
"great god. They pass behind this god upwards.
"These gods who do battle on behalf of this god in
" heaven say " :
— (The speech is wanting),
^. I I I ^VW\ i MAA^
^ -MMri I 1^-^ yvwvwv 11 1

1 Mil
Gods of the South raising the Standard of the South.
In the upper register are the following :
1. Four gods, who in the place of heads have each a

crown of the South, to whicli is aflixed a uraeus, upon
his body, and who, aided Ijy a bearded male figure, are
engaged in raising up from the ground, by means of a
rope, a pole or staff, which is surmounted by a bearded

human head wearing a crown of the South ; the gods
are called " gods of the South," |

1
i ^ 5
î^d the
bearded male figure "he who is over the front end,"
2, Four gods, who in the place of heads have each a
'-"^^ c^Z AVMMA <z::^ ^T^

«
t I
Ti_ _'^> Aww\ i I
• •
J 1 1 1 1
'vvwvAA CZZ ^ ^ M —^ <iM Jl
(11^ -tm- czrr ^-A, yi. r
Gods of the North raising the Standard of the Nortl
crown of the North, to which is aflixed a uraeus, upon

his Ijody, and who, aided by a bearded male figure, are
engaged in raising up from the ground, by means of a

rope, a pole or staff, which is surmounted l)y a l)eardcd
Iiuman head wearing a crown of the North ; the gods
'
HORUS-SET AND HERU-AM-UAA 247
are called "gods of the North," | i

^^, and the
bearded male figure is " he who is over the hind part,"
3. Between the two groups described above is
the hawk - lieaded

sphinx which typi- .'/. » "'•',*.* * *'•'/ •* ;*'*•'•* •*
*.*•> • '\\'
fies "Horus in the r''.\'>:\'.- ^ y :«:\Mv;'': vW/;
Boat
Above its hind -

quarters spring the ywwww
'^^
I I »
*™^ ^J^\
• m I
head and shoulders

of a bearded human
figure called Ana,
wwNA ^ and on the
head of the liawk

and that of Ana
is a crown of the
South. Standing
on the back of tlie
sphinx is the figure Ueruam-uaa with SetUorus ou his back.
of Horus-Set witli
t'haracteristic heads, with his arms outstretched, and

with each hand laid upon the upper part of the crowns
of the South. The hawk liead of this figure faces the
back of tlie liawk head of the sphinx, and the animal's

head, which is cliaracteristic of Set, faces the back of
the human head of Ana. It is thus quite clear that
—
Horns was regarded as a form of the Sun-god of the
South, and Set as a form of the Sun-god of the North.
4. The serpent Shemti, r-vn V\ , which has four
heads and necks at each end of its body, and each head
and neck are supported on a pair of legs. A male
figure called Apu, \/ ^j stands and grasps the
middle of the body of the serpent with both hands.
5. Tlie serpent Bata,

J
(1
^ , with a bearded head
at eacli end of his body ; each head wears a crown of

the South. Above the back of this serpent is another
serpent, from each end of tlie body of which spring the
upper portions of the bodies and heads of four bearded
male figures ; the first figure of each group has a pair
of hands and arms which are raised in adoration, and
each figure of the two groups has a pair of legs, which
rest on the back of the serpent Bata. A male figure
called Abetii stands and grasps the middle of the
body of the serpent Tepi, ^ !1 (] ,

with both hands.
(i. Two male beings, swinging over their heads a net,
wherewith they are going to attack the serpent, or to
resist him.
The text wliich refers to the aljove reads :
/VS/W\A I I
AAA/WA
I ^ D /VWWN 1 I I III 1 I I I Sll I <= /WSf^V\ I I I

THE SHEMTI SERPENT 249
^Â^mîiÂ^m^î
I I I I 1 I I I 1 I /\/V\f\/V\
I I I A
Sim
• \\
iflVuuu
The Sheuiti SerpoLt and his warder Apu.
a, |-j ^j
I .V\/W\A ^ I J I 1
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A/VWV\
'J'lic passage which refers to the gods of the South

reads :
"Those who are in tliis scene rise up for Pia, wlio

"
THE SERPENTS DATA AND TEPI 25I
" saith unto thcin :

— Keceive ye your heads,
' ye gods,
" and draw tightly the front end of your rope. Hail,
" ye gods, come into being ! Hail, possess ye the
" power of light, ye gods, and come ye into lêing,
" ye gods. Possess ye tlfe power of light, ye gods, by
.-:. ;.- • • ,•. •

'!••.*.••••••••. *•.•,-«•?
'] ho Stipeiils Kuta and Toi)i and the warder Abeth.
*'
my coming into being in the secret place, and by my
"power of liglit in the hidden place (Anient), in the
" cliambers of things.'
The passage which refers to Horus-Set reads :—

"Ra maketli to arise this god. This god with his
" two faces gocth in after Eii hath passed by him."
—
The passage which refers to the gods of the North

reads :
" Ka saith unto them :

— Let' your heads be to
" you, ye gods ! Eeceive ye your crowns of
" the North, and pull ye "tightly at the hinder
"end of the boat of him that cometh into being
"from mo. Behold now Horus of the handsome
"
" Face !
'
The passage which refers to the serpent Shemti

reads :
" He who is in this picture strideth through the secret

" place, and lie withdrawetli to Qa-temt, the Hall (or,
" Court) of Anient. Those who are in it are the heads

" which have been devoured, and they breathe the
" odour of Shemti, of which Apu is the warder."
The passage which refers to the serpent Bata
reads :
" He who is in this picture maketh his rising up for

" Sak, and he keepeth count of the souls which are
" doomed in the Tuat. He strideth through the secret
"place, and he withdrawetli to Tesekt-baiu, to the
" Hall (or, Court) of Anient ; then Tepi entereth into
" Bata. Those who arc in it are they whose heads
" liave been devoured. They breathe tlie odour of
" Bata, of which Abetii is the guardian."
The passage which refers to the two gods with nets
reads :
"These are the gods who make use of words of

" power for Horus-lla in Anient. [They have power]
—
THE GODS WITH NETS 253
" over the net, and they make use of words of power on
" those who are in the net[s] which are in their hands."
1. Sixteen gods, who stand at one end of the scene,
and grasp a rope with both hands. The first four

are bearded, man-
headed beings, and :^7>7
are said to be " the >
• • * • « % »
souls of Anient,"
' I
the second four

are ibis - headed,
and are " the fol-
lowers of Thoth,"
the third four

are hawk-headed,
and are " the fol-
lowers of Horus,"
r Jr 1 ©^m' Two goJa with nets.

and the last four
are ram-headed, and are "the followers of Ea,"
2. Eight bearded, man-headed beings, who stand at

the other end of the scene in two groups of four, and
who are described as " Towers,"

'Y'
® ^ (] (] % ^r^ J 5
—
2 54 NINTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT
each grasps a rope with both hands. The rope which

is held by these groups of beings is attached to tlie
legs of the enormous serpent Kiiepki, O (1(1 ; .
This serpent has a head at each end of its body,

the foremost part of which is supported on a pair
of human legs ; from each end of that portion of its
body which lies flat on the ground springs a uraeus.

On the centre fold of the body is seated a hawk, which
wears on its head the double crown, rJ . This hawk

is the symbol of " Horus of the Tuat," Hern fnatl
£55
^ W*
The text which refers to this section of the scene
reads :
D ^^
/\A/WV\ I 1 I I
i [O]
I I I- fl i .1'^#rr;Ti^
^ ocrsc
o D I
AAAA/V\
v^^^T^V I I I
O I
A® II
j\ \ o 5il^^ Jl? 2*^=^

'
THE TOWERS OF KHEPRI 255
S®A
cr^
II
I I I
J\ I
ira(iyi^r^î!:af^î
w nil I I
I a i=s:
v^ I :pti z^^ Aww* U)^.' jÎ^T ^ m ViL^^^'^'^<=> IL r
^^ J^ r^ i ^ iii^»Aiyf ^:^'J"^
AA/x*^,^-^'*^
/.
— <=> v«ww\ >«*«^ •> ^ ^ .L^.; * *

if
*>
I
^Tbe Souls of Anient, and tlie Followers of Thotli who tow Khepri.
I A,V\^W\ '^ W J\ ^
A o n c±G
AM^J^ JTflfelL!!
JJ I
v^ ^/vÂAA
ii^qqmqv o iiiiimi
^^ H .III P-^
^ III ^ 1
J\ ^^
^(jraqq^f^lg
I
I /wwv, r^^^
îs-^
t i
AMVMM
t??^-.^*lJ-l^.îii:nft?Tl
*•*• *' *-''
The Followers of Uonis and the Followers of Rii who tow Khepri.
"Those who are in tliis scene have the rope in their

" liands, and it is fastened to the leg[s] of Khepri, who
" moveth backwards to the Hall of their horizon. They
" draw this rope with tlie god into their horizon, and
" they tow liini along in the sky (Nut). Tliey live npon
" tlic tilings of the Sonth, and their snstcnancc is from
"the things of tlic Nortli, [and tliey exist] on tliatwliicli
— "
KHEPRI AND IIORUS OF THE TUAT 257
" Cometh fortli from the mouth of IiA. The voice of

" this serpent Kiiepiji goeth round about and travelleth
" into the secret place after Ra hath entered into the
" height of heaven."
The four groups, each containing four beings, "say
" unto Ra :
— Come,
' come, after thy transformations !
" Come, Ra, after tliy transformations ! Appear,
' ' ' •

'
—'•'*•* •>•» .»..'. »••....«> .> .t. .»
The Serjient Khepri and Horns of the Tuat.
" appear, after thy transformations ! Appear, Ra,

"after thy transformations in heaven, in the great
" heaven ! Hail ! We decree for thee thy habitations
" by the excellence which is in the words of the Mighty
" One of Forms in the secret (or, hidden) place.'

The passage which refers to Horus reads :
" He who is in this scene is IIeku Tuati (i.e., Horus
VOL. II. s
" of the Tiiat). The head cometh forth from him,

"and the forms [in which he appeareth] from the
"coiled [serpent]. Ra, crieth unto this god to whom
" the two divine Uraei unite themselves ; he entereth
" in upon the way into Khepki, who listeneth when Ea
" crieth to him."
The two groups, each containing four heings, " have
The Eit,'ht Powers who tow Khopri.
"in tlieir hands the ro})C wliicli is fastened to tlie foot
"of KiiErKi, aiid tlioy say to llfi:

— 'The ways of the
"hidden place are o])en to thee, and [the portals] whicli

" arc in the earth are unfolded for thee, the Soul whicli
" Nut loveth, and we will guide thy wings to the moun-
" tain. Hail ! Enter thou into the East, and make thou
" thy passage from between tlie tliighs of tliy motlicr.'"
( 259
CHAPTER XII.
THE GATE OF SETHU.

The Tenth Division of the Tuat.
Having passed through the Ninth Division of the Tuat,

the boat of tlie sun arrives at the gateway Tcheserit,
\=J^ (1(1 ^ which leads to the Tenth Division, or,
as the opening text reads: -^ 1 j A/^W>A |1
AAWVv
^
~>_.^^n |G- [] i D -
/\rvw\/\ U
1 '
° ^ 1 '
1 "If^ '
""^' " ^^^^^ g^'®^^ so J Cometh
I /VWVÂ AA/VNAA I 111 I U _Z1 I
" forth to this gate, and entereth through it, and the
"gods who are therein acckim the great god." The
gateway is like that through wliieh the god passed into
the previous Division, and its outwork is guarded by
sixteen uraei. At the entrance to tlie gate proper
stands a bearded, mummied form called Nemi, (0(1,
who holds a knife in his hands, and at its exit stands
a similar mummied form called Kefi, (1(1. The

corridor is swept by flames of fire, which proceed from
the mouths of two uraei, as before. The uraei which
26o TENTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT
guard the outwork address Ra, and say, " Come thou to
" us, thou wlio art at tlie head of the horizon, thou
"great god who openest the secret place, open thou
" the holy pylons and unfold the portals of the earth,"
\\ <c=><==> <£? ao=> C30 -nmiir n © ni
Q
\=^ iiiiiiiir
The monster serpent which
The Boat nf Af-Ra in the Tenth Division of the Tunt.
stands on his tail and guards the dour is called Setiiu,
I , and the two lines of text whicli refer to his
—
'
1 (5
adndssion of lia read :

" He who is over this gate
" opcneth to Ha. Sa saith unto Setiiu, '
Open thy
"gate, unfold thy portal, so tliat lie may illumine the
" thick darkness, and may send liglit into tlie liidden
"al)ode.' This gate closeth after the great god hath

^2*
,vvww\
r.l
' « I' • 1 I l U
ifc.
The Gate of the Serpent Scthu.

— ,
262 TENTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT
" passed through it, and the uraei who are on the other
" side of it wail when they hear it closing upon them,"
D O
(]4IQ^^,
1 Û _B^ I
^ ran
1 I I "mmnr ^/^ww
I.
In the middle of this Division we see the ])oat of the

sun Ijeing towed on its way by four gods of the 'Puat,
^ ; tlie god
° is in the same form as before, and his
^
I
'
\\ I
boat is piloted by Sa, who commands, and by Heka,

who steers according to his directions.
The procession in front of the boat of the sun
consists of :
1. A bearded male figure called Unti, ^^ 4-

^ w '
i.e., the "god of the hour," who holds a star in each

hand.
2. Four knceliug gods, each with a uraeus over his
head. The first is noitus, Vk,? hawk-lieaded ; the
""^^^
second is Sereq, ^ ^ , Itcardcd, and wearing a wig;
the third is Abesh, bearded and without a wig; and
tlie fourth is Sekiiet, y 5

^^'i^^^ ^^^^ hcixd of a
lioness.
.
THE GODS WHO LIGHT THE SKY 263
3. Three bearded beings, the "Star-gods," >k 111) i,
each holding a star in his right hand, which is stretched

aloft, and with his left towing a small boat containing
the "Face of the Disk."
4. A small boat holding a nracus, which has the
latter part of its body bent npwards ; within the curve
is the " Face of tlie Disk," "^ [1 ^^^^
5. The winged serpent Semi, standmg on its tail,
with its body in folds.
6. The bearded figure Besi, '

(IU5 receiving in his
J
hand tlie flame which spouts up from the head of a
horned animal, which forms the top of a staff, and is
transfixed by a knife.
(111, from each side of
the neck of which grows a bearded, mimimy figure.
8. Four women, each with both hands raised in
adoration ; they are described as " Criers," C^ ij "^ 1 •
9. Two bows, set end to end, ^^^-ss^', on each of

which three uraei rear their heads. Standing over the
place where the two ends of the bows meet, with a foot
on the end of each, is the two-headed figure HoRUS-
Set, with two pairs of hands, one pair on each side
of his body, raised in adoration. Horus-Set is called
" he of the two heads," ^^ , and the two bows are

W '
" the Crown of the Uraei,"

°^ t\ ^ 1) w.
^ —
The text which refers to the above groups reads :
-»— —(&-
W^VW\ — AwÂ^
I n A/VW^ I I I I 1 1 1 I y^ 1 I I I
?^ O I
lllllllll Q I
^
^ w —
/ I*
CM^
O D
A^/VVÂ /W\/VNA o A' o LraJ
^ q D ^'^^^ ^
o1 I
^
— -.4—0 ^—
-<2>-
—— M AAftA^^
D
H ^tijrrA
AAAAAA
I lO ^
m I
o
^ ^ .^^
A^/wv^
I I I D 7\ ^ !
/I\
rrv-i
L) X "^ '^ nU
/WVV\A
111'^
I
Q AA/WW A^yWW
ft
<^>^ III
I
I (^ A ^^^ ^ MM II
(7) t^^'^'-î A/^ÂA yi
i^f^(]^Y
tJ:A' O I JIX ^ ci I
<c=r> JJi
AAAA*V\ ;
>^w^^v^ ^ I /vV^^VsA LA-i 11 M o

^^2 ©
^<^
1 Vs/Vs/VS III I O
I I I
I /I Ji I
raiieî?fly
——
THE GODS WHO LIGHT THE SKY 265
^ ra
-'-' -^
_
^'^x. >=*>- 1"^^*^ r/wvw
<=> ^1 I
COj I J F=q i±±ii -A I I I
<=> I I I
^^-.^
" This great god is towed along by the gods of the

" Tuat, and those who tow Ea along say We are :
— '
" towing Ra along, we are towing Ra along, and Ra

" fulloweth [us] into Nut. have the mastery over
" thy Face, indeed thou shalt unite thyself to thy Face,
" Ra, [by] Maat. Open, thou Face of Ra, and let
" the two Eyes of Khuti enter into thee ; drive away
" thou the darkness from Amentet. Let him give liglit
"
" by what he hath sent forth, the liglit.'
Of the god with stars it is said :
" He maketh a rising up for Ra (or, he stablisheth

" Ra), Unti makctli to be light tlie upper heaven ; this
"god leadeth the hour, which performeth that which

" belongeth to it to do."
Of the four seated gods it is said :
" The [four] serpents who are in the earth keep ward
"over those who are in this picture. They make a
" rising up fur Ra, and they sit upon the great image[s
" which are] under them, and they pass onwards with
" them in the following of Ra, together with the hidden
" images which belong to them."
— — — —
Of the three gods who hold stars it is said :
"Those who are in this picture sing hymns with

" their stars, and they grasp firmly the bows of their
" boat, [and it] entereth into Nut. And this Face of
"Ea moveth onwards, and saileth over the land, and
" those who are in the Tuat sing hymns to it, and make
" Ra to stand up (i.e., establish Ea)."
Of the winged serpent Semi it is said :
" [It maketh a rising up for Ea], and it guideth the
Gods of Liyht aud Fire. Star-gods. Face of the Disk, Semi.
" Well-doing god into the Tuat of the horizon of the

" East."
Of the god Besi it is said :
"He maketh a rising up for Ea, and lie i»lacet]i fire

" on the head and horns (or, [in] his hands is the fire
" from the head and horns), and the weapon which is in
" tlie hand of the Fighter is in the follower of this god."
Of the r.raeus with the double male figure it is
said :
"It maketli a rising up for Ea. Tlie stablishing of

—— " !
MEHEN AND HORUS-SET 267
" Time which is reckoned in writing by years is with

" this uraeus, and it maketh it to go with liini into the
" heights of heaven."
Of the " Criers " it is said :
" Those who cry unto Ea say, '

Enter in, Ha
" Hail, come, Ra ! Hail, come, thou who art born
" of the Tuat ! Come, offspring of the heights of
!
" heaven ! Hail, come thou into being, Ea '
^' => m ~A = =^ I "tf" 5> 1 r\- «=• S^

•—" ^^ £\.i // I ^ I P"^ ^^ •«=>f '^ * —^ *
Besi. Aukhi. The goddesses who hail the god. Meheu aud llorus-Set.
Of the double bow it is said :
"This is the Mehen serpent of the uraci, which

"strideth through the Tuat. The two bows are
" stretched out, and they bear up on themselves him of
" tlie Two-Faces (or, Two-Heads, i.e., Horus-Set) in his
"mystery which [ai)pertaineth] to them. They lead
" the way for Ea in the horizon of the east of heaven,
"and they pass on into the heights of heaven in his
" train."
—
In the upper register are :
1. The four Antiu 2;ods, , each of whom

holds a knife in his riglit hand, and a short staff with
one end curved and curled in his left.
2. The four Henatiu gods,

| ^ '^
^^1
^' ^^^^^
having four uraei in the place of a head ; they are

armed with weapons similar to those of the Antiu gods.
The Anliu and Ilcnatiu Gods attacking Apep.
3. Tlic undulating length of the serpent Apep,

D D'
of whom it is said, "his voice goeth round the Tuat,"
Attached to the neck of the

K^^. _B^ iir=i'
monster is a very long chain, which rises in an oval
curve, and, passing along tlirougli the liands of sixteen
male figures, is then grasped and licld tlown liy a large
hand, from which it again rises in an oval curve, and
passing on for some distance descends into the earth
— .
THE CHILDREN OF HORUS FETTER APEP 269
immediately in front of Khcnti-Amenti. On tlie first
curve of tlie chain, lying fiat on her face, is the goddess

Serq. Of the sixteen bearded figures who grasp the chain
M
f) [^ I
with ]ioth hands, four are called Setefiu, '=^
and face to the left ; the twelve are described as the
"TCHATIU gods, strong of arm,"'^'^'^

i"^^^^ ^^\
. The right hand which grasps and pulls down
I
the chain is called " Hidden Body," h ^^ ) j^ j
Lengthwise on the second curve of the great chain

lean the upper porticjns of the figures of five gods,
each of whom grasps the chain with his right hand,
and holds in his left a sceptre and the end of a
chain which fetters a serpent in coils. The name of
the first serpent is Uamemti, -Tl /

\:zzj , but of the
remaining four no names are given. The five f'ods

appear to grow out of the great chain, and are called
SeB, "^ J,Me.ST, ^, HaPI, ^t\l\, TUAMUTEF,
^^ ,
and Qebiisennuf, [5||}^^^^. At the end
of this section of the scene stands the bearded

mummied figure of Khenti-Amenti, wearing the White
Crown and the mendt, and holding the sceptre 1 in his
two hands.
The text which refers to these groups reads :
AA/VsAA
n 8 r AAAAAA ^"^ /
G
I I I
I /.wvAA I I I 1 I a o I J^
A/^VvNA n C^l A
I II O I
1
1 ^ W
I
I
— I I I I I I D D
D
AV'AA/v\
Qg^ O I
(3 111 ^ O ^00 I
"^^ -^*- "==^^
V^ D D J
D
î^s-^p^:^q^¥i
D o^ q D
Hil'^rn I
I
yy^ Q
I
I 'v_ L) L) AAA/VV\ _/i I AA^VWA

AA^VWS
i
f
> I I I
^^.=^ I
/wÂA^
^^^ 7;(i1)(fl) /I
O I j^
F^
a ^
I I I
D D
© I
a (2 , ^^ w A/^VVV\
/=
I
I I I
^(2 111
111 (2 III f\ ^ W II I
A/VWNA
I w I o C^:^
—
THE SETEFIU GODS 27I
^-^ %\ AAAAAA o \
4; n (?
'^^^(^ 111 1 I
I A/VWVi *—' I /VVWV\ ( I *~ ^ U I M\N\N\ It % l l

1 1 I
The Setofin and other gods holdinjj Apep in restraint.
Of the eight gods (i.e., the Antiu and Henatiu) it is
said :
" Those who are in this pictnre rise up (or, stand) for
"Ea, and Ea riseth and cometh fortli for them, [and
" they say], Eise, Ea, be strong, Khuti
'
; verily we will
" overthrow Apep in his Approach not thou, fetters.
" Ea, towards thine enemy, and thine enemy shall
"not approach thee; may thy holy attributes come
" into being within the serpent. The^^serpent Apep is
"" —
" stabbed with his knives, and gashes are inflicted on
"him. Eu shall stand up in the hour wherein he is
" content (or, the hour of peace), and the great god
" shall pass on in strength when his chain (i.e., Apep's)
" is fixed.'
" The reptile (literally, worm) who is in this picture

" breaketh asunder the fetters, and the boat of this
"great god beginneth [to move] towards the region
Seb and tlie Ohililren of Tlnrns lioldint,'- Apep and liis sons in restraint.
" of Apep ; this great god travelleth on after he (i.e.,
" Apep) hath been put in restraint by means of his

" fetters."
Of the four Setefiu gods it is said :
" Those who are in this picture grasp the fetters of

" the being of two-fold evil, and they say to Ea, '
Come
" forward, Ra, pass onwards, Khuti. Verily fetters
"have been laid upon Neiia-iira, and A})Cp is in his
" Ijonds.'
— — —
THE GODDESSES OF THE HOURS 273
Of the twelve other gods who grasp the chain it is
said :
" Those who are in this picture [act] as warders of

" the sons of the helpless one, and they keep guard
" over the deadly chain which is in the Hidden Hand,
" for the dead bodies are placed with the things [which
" belong to them] in the circuit of the battlements of
" Kiienti-Amenti. And these gods say, '
Let darkness
" bo upon thy face, Uamemti, and ye shall be
"destroyed, ye sons of the helpless one, by the
" Hidden Hand, wliich shall cause evils [to come upon
" you] by the deadly chain which is in it. Seb keepeth
" ward over your fetters, and the sons of the fetters
" (i.e., Mest, Hapi, Tuamutef, and Qebhsennuf) put
" upon you the deadly chain. Keep ye [your] ward
" "
under the reckonhig of Khenti-Amenti.'
Of the children of Horus it is said :
"Those who are in this picture make heavy the

" fetters of the sons of the helpless one, and the boat of
" the Well-doing God travelleth on its way."
1. Twelve male beings, each of whom carries a

l)addle ; they are called " gods who never diminish,"
2. Twelve female beings, each of whom grasps a rope

with both hands ;
above the head of each is a star. They
are called the " hours who tow along [the boat of Ea],"
i I
O ci O III s==» -M^ 11 <$. 1
VOL. II. T
. . .. . "
3. The u;od Banti, /wwv^, with the head of a

* ^Q w'
cynocephalus ape, holding a sceptre, 1
4. The Q;od Seshsiia, i

i
man-headed, with a
star above him, liolding a sceptre, 1
5. The god Ka-Amenti, \_J ft, bull-headed, and
holding a sceptre, |
The Twelve Akhemu-Seku Gods with their Paddles.
6. The god Eenen-sbau, ^ , man -headed, with
a star above him, holding a sceptre, 1
7. Amonkey, with a star over his head, standing on

a bracket, ^' he is called the " god of Eethenu
""
;
(Syria),
^^^.
8. A 1 )racket, whereon rests the Utchat, ^^
— ,
THE AKHEMU-SEKU GODS 275
9. A god called Her-nest-f, f=;i ^~^ ^^-=^
holding a sceptre.
The text ^vhich refers to the above reads :
Pî°Af^ri^mîli
AAA/W\
III _
III / F=^
A/V\AAA n Ô
^ CT^
<CZr> ill ^ K.=^^^\jn
^:^ 000 Q A/^/WV AWW\ vjj
(5 II! <=:^
I
III I Jl t ^F=^<=Z=> ^111^

i:^.^^^[0,TJ-F^4n^ mm
II I I IwÂ^ I I I III I I I
<iJê 111 11 I
n I ^ ^^^z::^ 1 I I I lin ^= 1 1 1 ^^^ 111 ,^vwv. ^=

/WVvV\
o i^ ^ 1 1 1
D ^ ^ JL^ -f-r I
^ fl I
1110^(2111111
^ Si (^111 IM®^_^^^-=^ i^<=:=>^ 111
I I ijo III I <=>i 11 1 M ^= I I (e 111(2

——
^ A ^' "imnnr I ^ ^ 1 I ^.^ a^=_ I ^=:
Of the twelve gods (the Akiiemu Seku) it is said :
" Those who are in this picture make a rising up for

" Ea, and tlicy take their paddles in this Circle of
" Unti. They come into being of their own accord at
" the seasons when Ha is born in Nut ; they come into
" being for the births of Ea, and they make their
"appearance in Nu along with him. It is they who

" transport this great god after he hath taken his place
" in the horizon of the East of heaven. Ea saith unto
" them :
— Take
' ye your paddles and unite ye your-
" selves to your stars. Your coming into being taketh
" place when [I] come into being, and your births take
" place when my births take place. ye beings who
" transport me, ye shall not suH'cr diminution, ye
" gods "
Akiiemu Seku.'
Of the twelve goddesses of the hours it is said :
" Those who are in this scene take hold of the rope
"of the l)oat of Efi to tow him along into the sky. It
"is they wlio tow Ea along, and guide him along the
" roads into the sky, and behold, they are the goddesses
" who draw alony; the threat irod in the Tuat. Ea saith
"
THE GODDESSES OF THE HOURS 277
" unto them :

— Take ye
' tlie rope, set ye yourselves in
"position, and pull ye nie, my followers, into the
"height of lieaven, and lead ye me along the ways.

" My births make you to be born, and behold, my
" coming into being maketh you to come into being,
" stablish ye the periods of time and years for him
" who is among you.'
1. "The god wlio is in this picture adjureth the
The Twelve Goddesses of the Uours.
" pylons to open to Hii, and he goeth on his way by his

" side."
2. " The god who is in this picture crieth out to the

" stars concerning the births of this great god, and he
" goeth on his way with them."
3. " The god who is in this picture crieth to the gods
"of the Boat of Ea, and he goeth on his way with

" him."
4. " The god who is in this picture setteth the stars
" in their places (literally, towns), and he goeth on his
"way with the great god."
The above four paragraphs must refer to the four
gods Banti, Sesiisha, Ka-Ament, and Eenen-sbau,
and therefore the god of Rethenu, the Utchat, and the
god Her-nest-f remain without descriptions. From
the tomb of Eameses VI. M. Lefebure adds the two
IW A.I'
Baiiti. Schhshi. Ka- Reneii- Neter- Eye of Rfi. Hei'-nest-f,

Anienti. sbau. Rethen,
following paragraphs which concern the Utchat and
Her-nest-f, f=
"This is the Eye of Pai, which the god uniteth to
" himself, and it rejoiceth in its place in the boat."
" This is he who openeth the door of this Circle ; he
" remaineth in his position, and doth not go on his way
" with Ea."
,:
( 279 )
CHArXER XIII.
THE GATE OF AM-NETU-F.

The Eleventh Division of the Tuat.
Having passed througli the Tenth Division of the

Tuat, the Ijoat of the sun arrives at the gateway
Shetat-besu, -^=f^ 11 which leads to the

I Sr=^^ J Mil' ,
Eleventh Division, or, as the opening text reads
T °:=i^fli' °(]s/i '1141% in, "This
" [great] god cometh forth to this gate, this great god
"entereth through it, and the gods who are therein
"acclaim the great god." The gateway is like that
tlu'ough which the god passed into the previous
Division ; at the entrance to the gate proper stands
a bearded, mummied form called Metes, r-=^ <

^'=:>^
and at its exit stands a similar furm called SiietaU,
^ . The corridor is swept by flames of fire,
which proceed from the mouths of two uraei, as before.
In the space which is usually guarded l>y a nundjer

,.
280 ELEVENTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT
of gods stand two sceptres, 1 1 , each of which is
surmounted by a White Crown ; the one on the right
is the symbol of Osiris, ^ (Sai;), and the other of
HoEUS, ^^^^. Between the sceptres is a line of text,
which reads :
— " They say to Ea, '
[Come] in peace !
" [Come] in peace ! [Come] in peace ! [Come] in peace !
" thou whose transformations are manifold, thy soul

" is in heaven, thy body is in the earth. It is thine
AAAA/^ A^^^/\/\
" own command, G;reat one," [I t;:^^ r\ —^^ r—^>—
The monster serpent which stands on his tail and
guards the door is called Am-netu-f, \\- - ,•'"

^'^-=—
and the two lines of text which refer to his admission
of Efi read :
— " He who is over this door openeth to Ra.
" Sau saith to Am-netu-f, '
Open thy gate to Ea, unfold
" thy portal to Kiiuti, so that he may illumine the
" thick darkness, and may send light into the hidden
"abode.' This gate closcth after the great god hatli
" i)assed through it, and the gods who are on the battle-
"ments wail when tliey hear it closing upon them,"
A^VW\A
mmnr imnnr /vwvw
Illllllll A/wvw
lllllllll ^^
^^^ ^
W 1I IT ^ i 1 I ilu^ imnr i i
Cl) 1 A/WVV\
c\.
L?1
AWVWV
I •
X -
MVWWt
r, t^
I i I
I •
& o
.r
// o
;.,r
it
sU-I
+1
it" 9 -
oWo
The Gate; of .the Serpent Am-netu-f.
—
(jSglj lllllllll
1
unnnr
.1
^ A\ D.
In the middle of this Division we see the boat of the
sun being towed on its way by four gods of the Tuat,
^ I ; the god is in the same form as before, and his
'*"! ^
X OS**** * <^> •••*=» -î^ 111^ 1:^^^ •
n « -S-
I I I
'
Avwwv
JVWWrt I
l_-c
— I
• Val Wvy <o^ '''''^ c-a '^r*^.
Tlie Boat of Af-Rfi in the Eleventh Division of the Tuat.
boat is piloted by Sa, who commands, and l»y TIeka,

wlio steers according to his directions.
The procession in front of the boat of the sun
consists of :
1. A company of nine gods, each holding a huge
knife in his right hand, and a sceptre, L in his left;
the first four have jackal heads, and the last five heads
of bearded men. Tlicse niue beings represent the
THE SLAUGHTERERS OF APEP 28$
"company of _
the ^_
gods who _^
slay .._., 0!!!
Apep," 'îii ^!
D D_
2. The serpent Apep, fettered by five chains which
enter the ground ; the fetters are further strengthened
by small chains, which are linked to the larger ones,
and are fastened to the ground by means of pegs with
a hook at the top, 1. In an earlier picture we have
±^'iiiii I i^rSf fmi /C« •.^'^

y* •fS^Wal
'^^ Avwxp
.III
The Slaughterers of Apep.
seen Apep fettered by Seb, Mest, Hapi, Tuamutef, and

Qebhsennuf, who were represented by five gods, but
here the figures of the gods are wanting, and it is only
the legend "Children of Horus," H I ^^ Jj I , that tells
us the chains represent the gods.
3. Four Apes, /vwvna

^^ i
^ each holding up a huge
hand and wrist.

. — —
4. The goddess of Upper Egypt, wearing the Wliite

Crown, and styled Amenti, ft
5. The goddess of Lower Egypt, wearing the Eed

I
Crown, and called Herit,

^ \\
6. The bearded god Sebekiiti, 1
,
who holds
J
the emblem of " life " in his right hand, and a sceptre
in his left.
The text which refers to the above gods reads :
000
S^vVNA I IIICTZJ I
<:^>
AA/VVV\ / \\
^
^ (3 000- — ac3 g ^^^ D^^
/4 1
-A I /^WÂ •Q <=>,
^^\
li^^îM^^Z^D^^
I I
/www
D
1^ I
III Ji 1 o \r.
^^ —— ^ "
^•WW\
—H
1 1
A/A/W\
I
I
_
(^
II
4
...
III
I
^
——I I /WV\AA
I
M
I I I I I A 111
A^/Â^ r-vr-i
/VWS/V\
"
1 I I D a ^111
/WWW fl
9
I* =iS>,? I
I I I
1 ° I /^/v/W
o K 111 /^= hill I n c^^ I [/wwsa] a ^^=^ J j\

—
THE ENEMIES OF APEP 285
I l lllllll
fi I
""
i Q J^
^. 8 ^ D
! fh^^S:^ AAAAAA
I I I w 1 I I o o
A,VWNA AAAAA^ Z]
I A/WÂ^ Jl r.^.^-^^ <2 \ I
ra
^ fill -
»
A^/>^V\
^ 111
o
^ n\ Ji F=q^ III I /] ^ Ji I I I I
U L J AWVW
II
Ml i I ^ w A/^^VvA 1 I /VV\AAA
r^^vn
„ AVÂAA II " .
^-^ III '^ I I I /\fW'/V\ U I AAA/^^
^^
v5l
A^^\AAA
AAAAAA I I I ^ P!J
w I I
-^^ rn
.Virr^^^^^^l]'
Of the gods of the Tuat who tow the boat of Ra it is
said :
" The gods of the Tuat say, '

Behokl the coming
" forth [of Ea] from Ament, and [his] taking up [his]
" place in the two divisions of Nu, and [his] perform-
" ance of [his] transformations on the two hands of Nu,
" This god doth not enter into the height of heaven,
' Supplied from CliauipoUiou, Monuments, torn, ii., p. 537.

— — — "

" [l)iit] he openeth [a way through] the Tuat into the
" height of heaven hy his transformations which are in
" Nu. Now, what openeth the Tuat into Nut (i.e., the
" sky) are the two hands of Amex-een-f (i.e., he whose
" name is hidden). He existeth in the thick darkness,
" and light appeareth [there] from the starry night.'
Of the nine gods with knives and sceptres it is
said :
" Those who are in this scene [with] their weapons

" in their hand take their knives and hack [with them]
" at Apep ; they make gashes in him and slaughter
" him, and they drive stakes whereby to fetter him in
" the regions which are in the upper height. The
" fetters of the Eebel are in the hands of the Children
" of Horus, who stand tlireateningly by this god
" with their chains between their fingers. This god
" reckoneth up his members after he whose arms are
" hidden hath opened [the door] to make a way for Ea."
Of the serpent Apep it is said :
"The Children of Horus grasp firmly this serpent

" which is in this picture, and in this picture they rest
" in Nut (i.e., the sky). They heap their fetters upon
"him, and whilst his folds (?) are in the sky his poison
" drops down from him into Amentet."
Of the four apes holding liands it is said :
" It is those wlio are in this picture who make ready

"for Efi a way into the eastern horizon of licaven, and
" they lead the way for the god who hatli created them
" with their hands, [standing] two on the right hand
— ;;
APEP IN FETTERS 287
" and two on tlio left in the double dtcrt of this god
" then they come forth after him, and sing praises to
" his soul when it looketh u})on them, and they stahlish
" his Disk."
Of the three remaining deities it is said :
" Those who arc in this picture turn away Set from
" this Gate [of the god Tuati. They open its cavern,
I ** ;i^^ ^Sr ""^ ^— -^ ^""^ .-^ '"'^
AWNVA ^^ I V ^ II—. AWWW p.-^ An (t7
•^1 Bill >*wwv\ V I 1 I ^7*" m ^ *=» I \ •
"^
mAm ''^^^^^ I I » >
m^
Apep fettered by the chains of Seb and the Children of Horus.
" and stablish the hidden pylons, and their souls remain
" in the following of Ra]."
In the upper register of this Division are :

—
1. I'our gods, each holding a disk in his right hand
these arc " they who hold light-giving disks," ^ V^ 1

. ;
2. Four gods, each holding a star in his right hand
these are " they who hold stars," ^ ^ i

^ i
3. Four gods, each holding a sceptre, 1, in his left
hand : these are " they who come forth," IJfl V^ *
4. Four ram-headed gods, each holding a sceptre in
''.. —— n -/^
AVWAA •_!_' *VWWA
I • I
jt> 5ww« t^ T ,
^v^^^ ^^ Jl> •r <=»• ' -^
1 • L'f]
I I I « I e. ' ' =- "^ "^ A*WW\ AWWyw AWVW\ yyvwMvv
The Apes who praise Ra. Ameijti. Ilerit. Sebekhti.
his left hand; their names are Ba, "^^, KliNEMU, Q,
Penter, ^ , and Tent, ^•^^^^ .
5. Four hawk -headed gods, each holding a sceptre in
Ids left hand; tlicse are called lloitus, ^^, Asiiemth,
^^V i=5, Sept, A, and Ammi-uaa-f, u -

—
THE GODS OF THE DAWN 289
6. Eight female figures, each seated on a seat formed

by a uracils with its body coiled up, and holding a
star in her left hand ; these are called " the protecting
hours
7.
tit
A crocodile-headed god called Sebek-Ea, who
grasps a fold of a serpent that stands on its tail in his
right hand, and a sceptre in his left.
The text which refers to these reads :
I Q |-iii m iil| »— rL
^^ /WV^^^ AAA/\AA
'<«' -i ......
AAA/V^^ ...... AAAAAA
A/V\A/\A
lino
I
/\IVW\f\ 11
I
/i/,/w\A
I
I -î^ ^-^ ?Q ^
I I I
o
I I I ill^^M^fl^
^ ^^. I
AAA/VV\ A/V\A/VN ^'VVN'Â /V
I I I
p. I <:=>,^-S^ I I I III D
DOO0 >k ^
111^ III
I I -M^ I <=>U I /ww^^ 1 III
I I I a M I ^ I
I AA/VvV\ /\VvV\\ /VWs/V\

^^^^ J
( ^ A/\AAAA ^
(^ i. nil I I III '::^ III 2 ^ D I I I
1 '
AÎ'T^'^^-^^^'^ o
I iii^Ji ^w^ Jr ^ D Jr
I 111
VOL. II. u
—

—»— ^^/ÂA^ —«
AAAAAA *
J
e lip
'
u ^ ^ w 1
IZITD
D ^
D
II
A/WV\A
^^
^^-mp a e /I\
I I I M I
,,*«*, •,<•• . .,,^11; I ..-,",

••*••*.*.*•*••*
I*'
^ *" -f ^* 1 ^'i-
The gods who bring Disks aud Stars for Ra
^ iz:
m 111 7i ^ \\ AAAAAA 1 I f:/V\/\/V\ A^WvAA tJ' I ^£3 AAAAAA 1 I
I -si) I I I A [
'^'
I
A^^^/vÂ I A^^SAAA
^ w
^^^^.^ A^ywv ^v::--^
1^ T^^ 111
I
I -^ I II
/•A^-ÂA AÂ/NAA
D
^ V A/VWV\
« ——— .
THE GODS OF THE DAWN 2gi
Of the four gods bearing disks it is said :
" Those who are in this picture carry the disk of Ra,
" and it is they who make a way through the Tuat and
" the height of heaven by means of this image which is
"in their hands. They utter words to the Pylon of

" Akert so that Ea may set liimself in the body of ISTut
" (i.e., the sky)."
Of the four <i;ods bearing stars it is said :
, • .• ; • . J • .•iî.i.i,. , I.
The gods; who prepare the Uflermgs and Shrine of Ra,
"Those who are in this picture carry stars, and

" when the two arms c»f Nu embrace Efi they and their
" stars shout hynms of praise, and they journey on
" with him to the height of lieaven, and they take up
" their places in the body of Nut."
Of the four gods bearing sceptres it is said :
"Those who are in this picture [having] their

"sceptres in their hands, are tliey who stablish the
— ——
"domains of this god in the sky, and they have

" their thrones in accordance with the command of
" Ea."
Of the four ram-headed gods it is said :
"sceptres in their hands, are they who decree [the

" making ready] of the offerings of the gods [from] the
" bread of heaven, and it is they who make to come
" forth celestial water when as yet Eri hath not emerged
" in Nu."
Of the four hawk -headed gods it is said :
"sceptres in their hands, are they who stablish the

" shrine [in the boat of Ka], and they lay their hands
"on the body of the double boat of the god after it
" hath appeared from out of the gate of Sma, and they
"place the paddles [of the boat] in Nut, when the
" Hour which presideth over it (i.e., the boat) cometh
" into being, and the Hour [which hath guided it] goeth
" to rest."
Of the goddesses who are seated on uraei it is
said :
" Those who are in this picture with their serpents

" under them, and their hands liolding stars, come
" forth from the two Atekt of this great god, four to
" the East and four to the West ; it is theywho call
" the Spirits of the East, and they sing hymns to this
"god, and they praise him after his appearance, and

" Setti cometh forth in his forms. It is they who
— . '.;
THE GODDESSES OF THE ATERTI 293
" guide and transport those who are in the boat of this
" great god."
There is no description of the crocodile-headed god

Sebek-Eu in the text.
1. Four gods, each wearing the Crown of the

South ; these are the " Kings of the South in chief,"
M^
The goddesses of the Aterti.
2. Four bearded gods, " the Weepers," h ^=^ '
J (1(1
3. Four gods, each wearing a Crown of the North
these are the Khxemiu, Q /

Vi. 1
4. Four bearded gods, the Eenexiu, /www (]()>>' '
—21 A^/WVv I 1 U I
i.e., " those "who give names."

5. Four females, each wearing the Crown of the
South ; these are the " Queens of the South," ?=> p^.
— —
6. Four females, each wearinsr the Crown of the

North ; these are, presumably, the " Queens of the
North ;
" these are the Khnemut, f)
^^ 111
7. Four females, without crowns.

8. Four bearded gods, with their backs slightly
bowed ; these are the gods who praise Ea.
9. A cat-headed god called Mati, l] [ .
The text which refers to these cjods reads :
rn AA/vw\ —
AAAAAA
M
I I I
(3 ^ 1 11 I I I
r^^ ^^ ^
/vvvvv\ '^,
I
«-^ /wvvv\
criD ^M> MID D I y^ 11 1
u
*^ ^ Li I /WV/Â «i!r^ I -£lj 1 I A/*/ÂA I -ssll I I I
AA/WV\ -5hv-i
I D D
I I I I 7i
I
2;;. _;^S^ AA/\A/v% —L-^^
1 D o (^
-^
D D
a I
I (^ 111 <^ ^
I s j\
i i=r^ 1 1 I
M'ar., ^ , Sar, Cliampollion, iMfoi!!/TOei)fs, torn, ii., p. 539.

^ ^
THE BEARERS OF RA S CROWNS 295
I
AA/VV\A AA/VW\ AAAA/W
AA/^ÂA /NA/NAAA -—
I I I 1^11
I
l^^^Q
I I I
J\\ 1 1^^ ^
^ A III I I
l^-w, iJcmii 1
I D <5
— w
w U qo
/10
^ ^ D ^=: F=q ^M I I I I J\ III
7i III
^ i I I /V.AAAA
^
riD
I
II
— •<—
AAA/W\
I r
<^ — *- n I
n ^/VWÂ
-WWNA
M A
y ^-^
,VWW\
^
I
^^^
I I
U I (2 I I I I J I
^
1 _w.']fm^=^mî^=sf e ^ I D
D "
AAAAA^
1[
D
(2 111
;^1
r
'*^
I
i
D
AA/VÂ^ ^
AAA/W\
Jl I I I
rAAA/V\
^
-H AÂAAA
I
fv)
î:?^^> A/wv ^-^ y ^WV\A AVWÂ
I A/V>AA/\
I
I I X S I M
1 CliampoUion, Monioaents, torn, ii., p. 539.
— —
r-vm lllllllll
^ 11 mil lit (j
J] imi MM'
llllimi // /vwÂ^ <:zi:: : k Jl cr:zi .]•
The Stablishers of the White Crown. The Four Weepers,
Of the gods wearing the Wliite Crown it is said :
" Those who are in this picture are they who stablisli
" the White Crown on the gods who follow Ea ; they
" themselves remain in the Tuat, but their souls go
" forward and stand at [tliis] gate."
Of the four Weepers it is said :
"Tliose who are in this picture in this gate make

— —
THE BEARERS OF RA S CROWNS 297
" lamentation for Osiris after Ea hath made his appear-

" ance from Anient ; their souls go forward in his train,
" but they themselves follow after Osiris."
Of the four gods wearing the Eed Crown it is said :
" Those who are in this picture are those who unite
" themselves to Ra, and they make his births to come
AMWVV\
îSi -^ (5
<^ I :^"s -»"— 1'***^^ .. akk. .*==: "^^ —»— r"^"
••
•
.•..*••.•••••..* ».«*•/.*.•.•**•• « •
The Stablishers of the Red Crown. The god* who give names.
" to pass in the earth ; their souls go forward in his

" train, but their bodies remain in their places (or,
" seats)."
Of the four Eeneniu it is said :
" [Those who are in this picture are they who give
" the name to Etl, and they magnify the names of all
— 1
298 ELEVEXTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT

" his forms ; their souls go forward in his following,
" but their bodies remain in their places (or, seats)."] ^
Of the four goddesses wearing the White Crown it is
said :
" Those who are in tliis picture are they who make
A^/VVW\ AVVVV*V
A /www\
i I 1
C\l'
A aamnNAI I i
N*^f\
mikim
I
t
«b
1
• • , • • • i »•«••• • •• • , • ' « • • • *. ' « . • • • «;
Goddesses who stabli.sh the White and Red Crowus.
" Maat to advance, and who make it to be stablished
"in the shrine of Efi when Ea taketli up his position

" in Nut ; their souls pass onwards in his following,
" but their bodies remain in their places."
* Supplied from the tomb of Ramcses YI.

— ;
THE GODS WHO PRAISE RA AT DAWN 2g9
Of tlie four goddesses wearing the Eed Crown it is
said :
" Those who are in tliis picture are they who stablish
" time, and they make to come into being the years for
' those who keep ward over the condemned ones in the
" Tuat and over those w^ho have their life in heaven
" they follow in the train of this great god."
.^•—fj AW»vv\ I
I
/»r —
I
=Ir:^'''^^
1
~-»~ ^^*^
~
>
•
r_
A*vvwi A\_* •
.Jr
'114
-
I
lA.
• •
^HM
^ ill
I
",,,1 ^^ ^ •
Goddesses who drive away Set. Gods who adore and praise Ra. Mati.
Of the four females who are without crowns it is
said :
" Those who are in this picture in [this] gate make

"lamentation and tear their hair in the presence of
" this great god in Anientet ; they make Set to with-
" draw from this pylon, and they do not enter into the
" height of heaven."
—
Of the four gods with their backs bowed it is said :
" Those who are in this picture make adoration to

" Ea and sing praises unto him, and in their place in
" the Tuat they hymn those gods who are in the Tuat,
"and who keep guard over the Hidden Door. [They
" remain in their places."] ^
["The warder of the door of this Circle remaineth

" in his place."] ^
' Supplied from tlic tomb of Eamescs VI.

:
( 301 )
CHAPTER XIV.
THE GATE OF SEBI AND EERI.
The Twelfth Division of the Tuat.
HAViNCr passed through the Eleventh Division of the

Tuat, the boat of the sun arrives at the gateway
Teseut-baiu, ^^ ^ "^^ , which is the last that he
will have to pass through before emerging in heaven

in the light of a new day. "This great god conieth
" forth to this gate, this great god entereth through it,
" and the gods who are therein acclaim the great god."
The gateway is like that through which the god passed
into the previous Division ; at the entrance to the gate
proper stands a bearded mummied form called Pax,
A^ lluAj ^^*^ ^t its exit stands a similar form called
Akhekhi, QSh^^T^' ^^^^ corridor is swept by
flames of fire, which proceed from the mouths of uraei,
as before. In the space which is usually guarded by a

number of gods stand two staves, each of which is
surmounted by a bearded head;- on one head is the
disk of Tem, .^ , and on the other a beetle, the symbol
of Khepera. The text which refers to these reads

, .
^ .... '
.
'
-'-...J/.l-. .'- i -
'
r-3
AWWW
I I I
I
^f
I
I
A
i I
AAMWV
t • I I
1
I • I
t
ir
L*1
Ltl
The Gate Tesert-Bni'.i. The doors of Sebi and Reri.

The Sun-god under the form of Khejiera
with liis Disk, in his Boat
supported by Nu and received by Xut. '
304 TWELFTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT
I rri I 1 1 1 1 I M iT^ \ y ^\\\^<^y^ J

^ M^mn© "They stand up on their heads,
Jj^
" and they come into being on their staves by the

" gate ; the heads stand up by the gate."
The monster serpent which stands on its tail and
guards the one door is called Sebi, :^ ij ,

and the two
lines of text which refer to his admission of Ra read,

" He who is over this door openeth to Ra. Sa saith
" unto Sebi, '
Open thy gate to Ra, unfold thy portal to
" Khuti, so that he may come fortli from the hidden
"place, and may take up his position in the body of
" Nut.' Behold, there is wailing among the souls
" who dwell in Anient after this door hath closed,"
O I
imiiiir /wvw. '^ W iJl J^ -M^\. I ii[Z3l'
The monster serpent which stands on its tail and
guards the other door is called Reki, [I n , and the
two lines of text which refer to his admission of Ra

read, " He who is over this door openeth to Ra. Sa
" saith unto Rem, '
Open thy gate to Ra, unfold thy
" portal to Khuti, so that he may come forth from the
"hidden place, and may take up his position in the
"body of Nut.' Behold, there is wailing among the

'•
souls who dwell in Anient after this door hath closed."
I
THK BIRTH OF THE SUN-GOD 305
The text, being similar to that which refers to Sebi, is
not repeated here.

On each side of the door is a uraeiis, the one repre-
senting Isis and the other Nephthys, and of them it is
said, " They it is who guard this hidden gate of Ament,

" and they pass onwards in the following of this god,"
AA^^^ ^H— —*^ ^ ,;__0 PI
l-TJ— n
'""'^ ^ ^
c^ I I I j^ _^ nrzj Ayvwv. I s 1 AAAA^ r^-^^ j^
yVNAAAA
q I D
I I 1^ II
Here we see tliat the end of tlie Tuat is reached,

and the boat of the sun has reached that portion of it
through which he is about to emerge in the waters of

Nu, and thence in the form of a disk in the sky of
this world. Having passed on to the water the boat

is supported by the two arms of Xu himself, or, as
the text says, " These two arms come forth from the
" waters, and they bear up this god," <rr> II w
/wwvA s=z3 ^'wwv u ^ jYie god appears in the

/w^/Â^ —— M I I I
I
I AÂAA^
boat in the form of a beetle, which is rolling along a

disk ; on the left of the beetle is Isis, and on the right
Nephthys. The three beings in the front of the boat
are probably the personifications of doors,

"
imiinr , and
IIIIIIMI
the gods to the left are See, "^^ 1 L Shu, [3, Hek,
§ -cz:^, Hu, X %, and Sa, ^12. In the hiero-
glyphics at the top of the open space aljove the boat is
VOL. H. X
.;
306 TWELFTH DIVISION OF THE TUAT
written, "This. god taketli up his place in the Matetet

" Boat [with] the gods who are m it, r-^-i ^.
"^
s^n " ~ V '
''^^'^^
*
^^^'^7 i^^ t^^6 waters
above, or beyond the boat, is a kind of island, formed
by the body of a god, which is bent round in such a

way that the tips of his toes touch the back of his
head. On his head stands the goddess Nut, with her
arms and hands raised and stretched out to receive the
disk of the sun, which the Beetle is rolling towards her
the text says, " Nut

island formed by the
receiveth Ea,"
body
^ ^^
of the god
Q 1
said to be
®
The is
" Osiris, whose circuit is the Tuat," -^'^^^

D v ^
END OF VOL. II.

LONDON
PRIKTED BT GILBBUT AKD RrVINGTON
LIMITED
ST. JOHlr's HOUSE,
CLEBKSKWELL, E.C,

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JBool?5 on lEoppt an5 (Ibal&aea

Vol. XXI. OF THE SERIES

EGYPTIAN HEAVEN AND HELL

THE SHORT FORM of the BOOK AM-JUAT

THE BOOK OF GATES

Vol. I. EGYPTIAN RELIGION.

Vol. VII. - „ „ ,, vol. ii.

Vol. VIII. - ,, ,, ,, vol. iii.

Veil. XVIII. -THE DECREES OF MEMPHIS AND

Vol. XIX. -THE DECREES OF MEMPHIS AND

Vol. XX. -EGYPTIAN HEAVEN AND HELL, vol. i.

Vol. XXI.- ,, ,. ,, vol. ii.

FttU l'roi<pecttvsi on application.

KEG AN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO. Ltd.

EGYPTIAN HEAVEN AND HELL

E. A. WALLTS BUDGE, M.A., Litt.D., D.Litt., D.Lit.

THE SHORT FORM of the BOOK AM-TUAT

THE BOOK OF GATES

From the Sarcuphagus of

11. The Western Vestibule, or Ante-chamber of

VIII. The Fifth Gate, Nebt-auA, guarded by Set-km-

rX. The Sixth Gate, Pestit, guarded by Akha-en-

XI. The Eighth Gate, Aat-shefsheft, guarded by

XII. The Ninth Gate, Tcheserit, guarded by Sethu.

XIV. The Eleventh Gate, Tesert-baiu, guarded by

).. IS, 1. -J, for

; p. :51, I. 1, for '^^;^ read -^^^ dTH ; p. r,7, 1. 3, for "tlie

p. ll;», 1. 3, for "Tehetl.i" read " Nel.t-tehefau " ; p. 147, 1. 7.

THE SUMMAEY OF THE BOOK: OP WHAT IS

The Beginning of the Horn of Amentet, [which is]

THE FIEST HOUE.

the Tuat in respect of this Field.

Tuat, [and] whosoever shall have knowledge of these

act as magical protectors for him in the Great Tuat.

hour of the night which guideth this great god through

THE FIEST HOUR.

THE FIRST HOUE.

^r£=: r-^^~i <=>^

^^ J\ I A/WW. ^^^ Ll)%J

THE SECOND HOUR.

Ur-nrst, wliicli is tlirec liundved and nine atru in

leuoth, and one hundred and twenty atru in width.

OF Urnes. He shall stand up with the Gods who

of this great god, he shall enter into the earth, he shall

be given unto him the fore-part of Tatuba.

drawing) similitudes of the Baiu-Tuati (i.e., the Souls

[these things I say] shall act as magical protectors to

THE SECOND HOUR

^ D _Hli^ J^ ^aaJ^aa I wvwv\ t=i:^ _m:^ <=> dZ] 1 <=> Ji U

THE SECOND HOUR

^ I s 1 AWVWV D ^O <=^ <=> A Jj '

THE SECOND HOUE.

i D _Cr^ Ji /WvWN I AAAA/V\ — D _CrNS'

This great god afterwards taketli up his position in

this great god paddletli his way over the Stream of

three hundred and nine atru long, and one hundred

their names upon earth shall be able to approach to

Net-nei;-ua-kiieper-auatu is the name of this Field.