61

Section C

The findings related to association between knowledge and selected demographic

variables has been identified.

Table 4 : Association between the knowledge level and demographic variables

n=100
Knowledge level
Sl. Inadequate Moderate adequate table
Variables n df χ2
No value
n % n % n %
I. Age group
21-30 yrs 14 41.2 12 35.3 8 23.5 34
31-40 yrs 13 48.2 10 37.0 4 14.8 39 4 9.488 2.49NS
41 – 50 yrs 20 51.3 15 38.5 4 10.3 27
II. Gender
Male 28 50.0 20 35.7 8 14.3 56
2 5.991 0.53NS
Female 19 43.2 17 38.6 8 18.2 44
III. Educational level
High school 20 57.1 15 42.9 0 0.0 35
PUC 15 68.2 5 22.7 2 9.1 22 6 12.59 23.44*
Graduate 9 26.5 15 44.1 10 29.4 34
Postgraduate 3 33.3 2 22.2 4 45.6 9
IV Marital Status
Bachelor 8 44.4 5 27.8 5 27.8 18
Spinster 3 27.3 6 54.5 2 18.2 11
6 12.59 12.67*
Married 29 45.3 26 40.6 9 14.1 64
Divorced 7 100 0 0.0 0 0.0 7
V Occupational status
Private 11 37.9 13 44.8 5 17.2 29
Government 7 43.7 6 37.5 3 18.8 16
Laborer 7 63.6 1 9.1 3 27.3 11 8 15.50 5.85NS
Housewife 13 52.0 9 36.0 3 12.0 25
Business 9 47.4 8 42.1 2 10.5 19
VI Religion
Hindu 31 45.6 23 33.6 14 20.6 68
Muslim 8 61.5 4 30.8 1 7.7 13 4 9.488 5.11NS
Christian 8 42.1 10 52.6 1 5.3 19

62
 Knowledge level
Sl. Inadequate Moderate adequate table
Variables n df χ2
No. value
n % n % n %
VII Family income/ month (Rs.)
Upto 5000 15 55.6 8 29.6 4 14.8 27
5001 – 10000 23 46.9 21 42.9 5 10.0 49 4 9.488 5.47NS
Above 10000 9 37.5 8 33.3 7 29.2 24
VIII Type of family
Nuclear 25 40.0 27 41.5 12 18.5 65
Joint 19 65.5 7 24.1 3 10.4 29 4 9.488 5.79NS
Extended 2 33.3 3 50.0 1 16.7 6
IX Family size (members)
3–4 27 51.9 15 28.9 10 19.2 52
5–6 13 36.1 20 55.6 3 8.3 36 4 9.488 9.99*
6 and above 7 58.3 2 16.7 3 25.0 12
X Source of information on Alzheimer’s disease
Yes 7 30.4 10 43.5 6 26.1 23
2 5.991 3.98NS
No 40 51.9 27 35.1 10 13.0 77

* Significant o Yates correction done NS - Non Significant

Data presented in table 4 shows there was a significant association found between

educational level, marital status and family size but there was no significant association

between other variables. They are age, gender, occupation, religion, income, type of

family, source of information on Alzheimer’s disease, family history of mental illness

and family member suffering from Alzheimer’s disease.

63
 6. DISCUSSION

A hallmark of professional behavior is the personal commitment to the ongoing

acquisition of new knowledge.

The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge of adults regarding

Alzheimer’s disease. The study was conducted in Jayachamarajendranagar, Bangalore. A

structured interview schedule was used to assess the knowledge regarding Alzheimer’s

disease among adults. The research design adopted for the study was descriptive design.

Convenient sampling technique was used to select respondents and the study was

conducted over a period of 4 weeks from 3rd September 2007 to 3rd October 2007. The

data was collected from 100 respondents who are in the age group of 21 to 50 years from

Jayachamarajendranagar, Bangalore.

The findings of the study are discussed under the following sections.

Section – A: Demographic data

Section – B: Objectives of the study

Section – C: Assumption of the study

64
Section – A: Demographic Data

1. Age in years

Majority of adults 39 percent were in the age group of 31 – 40 years, 34 percent

were of 21 – 30 years, 27 percent were in the age group of 41 – 50 years. Thus it shows

that the maximum number of adults participated in the study were in the age group of 31

– 40 years.

2. Gender

The percentage distribution of adults according to gender reveals that majority of

the adults 56 percent were male and 44 percent were female.

3. Marital Status

Data represented show that maximum number of adults 64 percent were married,

18 percent were bachelor, 11 percent were spinster and only 7 percent were widow.

4. Educational level

The result indicate that the majority of adults 35 percent were educated up to high

school, 34 percent were graduates, 22 percent adults were having education qualification

till PUC. In the present study only 9 percent adults were post graduates.

5. Occupational Status

65
 It revealed that 29 percent adult were private employees, 25 percent were

housewives, 19 percent were business and only 11 percent were laborers.

6. Religion

It depicts that 68 percent of adult were belongs to Hindu religion, 19 percent were

belongs to Christian religion, and 13 percent were belongs to Muslim religion.

7. Family income per month

The result indicate that 49 percent of adults were found to be in the income group

of Rs.5001 –10000 per month. 27 percent of adults were in the income group below

Rs.5000 per month and 24 percent of adults belongs to more than above Rs.10001 family

income per month.

8. Type of family

It depicts that 65 percent of adult were from nuclear family and 29 percent of

adult from joint family.

9. Family size

Data presented shows that 52 percent were of 3 – 4 members of family size, 36

percent were of 5 – 6 members of family size and 12 percent were of above 6 members of

family size.

10. Family History Of Mental Illness

66
 It shows that the majority of adult 94 percent were not having family history of

mental illness and 6 percent were having family history of mental illness.

11. Family Member Suffering From Alzheimer’s Disease

It revealed that majority of adult 98 percent did not have any family member

suffering from Alzheimer’s disease and only 2 percent had a family member suffering

Alzheimer’s disease.

12. Source Of Information Regarding Alzheimer’s Disease

The data presented show that 67 percent adults did not have any source of

information regarding Alzheimer’s disease. 13 percent of adults were receiving source on

information through magazines and newspaper and 11 percent of adult through

Television and Radio. 6 percent of adults were receiving source of information regarding

Alzheimer’s disease through family members and friends.

Section – B : Objectives of the study

1. To assess the level of knowledge on Alzheimer’s disease among adults in a

selected community.

2. To find out the association between the level of knowledge and selected

demographic variables.

3. To develop an information booklet on Alzheimer’s disease.

67
 The first objective was to assess the level of knowledge on Alzheimer’s

disease among adults in a selected community

The knowledge regarding Alzheimer’s disease of adults was assessed by

structured interview schedule. Out of 100 adults, 16 percent had adequate knowledge, 37

percent had moderate knowledge, 47 percent had inadequate Alzheimer’s disease. The

overall mean percentage knowledge were 53.9 percent mean 16.17 with standard

deviation of 15.5. These findings showed that most of the adults had inadequate

knowledge regarding Alzheimer’s disease.

The study coincided with Laforce R Jr. McLean S. conducted a study on

knowledge of healthy adults on Alzheimer’s disease where his younger participants

obtained a score of 54 percent.

The second objective was to find out the association between the level of

knowledge and selected demographic variables.

There was significant association between knowledge scores of adults and

selected demographic variable such as educational level (χ2 = 23.44), marital status (χ2 =

12.67) and family size (χ2 = 9.99), as these obtained scores are more than the table value.

But there was no significant association between the knowledge score of adults and

selected demographic variables such as age (χ2 = 2.49), gender (χ2 = 0.53) occupation (χ2

= 5.85), religion (χ2 = 5.11), income (χ2 = 5.47), type of family (χ2 = 5.79), source of

information on Alzheimer’s disease (χ2 = 3.98), family history of mental illness and

family members suffering from Alzheimer’s disease are less than the table value.

68
 The third objective was to develop an information booklet on Alzheimer’s

disease.

In view of the nature of the present study and to accomplish the objectives of the

study an information booklet was prepared on Alzheimer’s disease.

Section – C : Assumption of study

It is assumed that adults possess inadequate knowledge regarding

Alzheimer’s disease.

It has been from the study that adults have inadequate knowledge on Alzheimer’s

disease. From the findings that out of 100 respondents, 47 percent having inadequate

knowledge, 37 percent were having moderate knowledge and 16 percent were having

adequate knowledge on Alzheimer’s disease. The overall mean percentage knowledge

were 53.9 percent, mean 16.1 with standard deviation of 15.5.

69
 7. CONCLUSION

On the basis of the finding of the study the below said conclusions were drawn.

• The knowledge of adults regarding Alzheimer’s disease was inadequate when

assessed by the investigator through the structured interview schedule. The findings

revealed that out of 100 adults 16 percent had adequate knowledge, 37 percent had

moderate knowledge and 47 percent had inadequate knowledge on Alzheimer’s

disease. The overall mean percentage knowledge were 53.9 percent, mean 16.17 and

standard deviation 15.5.

• This study reveals that there was significant association between the knowledge level

on educational level, marital status and family size of adults.

• Age, gender, occupation, religion, family income, source of information regarding

Alzheimer’s disease, family history of mental illness, and family members suffering

from Alzheimer’s disease are not significantly associated with the level of knowledge

on Alzheimer’s disease.

Nursing implications

The finding of the study has valuable implications towards nursing education,

nursing practice, nursing administration and nursing research.

Nursing Education

70
 Nursing education helps the students to gain adequate knowledge, skills and

attitude to fulfill their duties and responsibilities in nursing field. Nurse educators can

educate students about Alzheimer’s disease. For these activities nurses also need to

update their knowledge through regular in-service education.

Nursing Practice

Nurses are key person of a health team, who play a major role in the health

promotion and maintenance, nursing research studies are usually not interested in

pursuing knowledge simply for the sake of knowledge. It is a practicing profession, so the

researcher’s generally integrate finding into practice. Mental health nurses working in

hospital and community play an important role in giving health education on Alzheimer’s

disease. Special emphasis needed to be given to promote positive attitudes among adults

towards accepting a person with Alzheimer’s disease. The investigator as a nurse felt

nurses should act as facilitator to educate adults on Alzheimer’s disease.

Nursing Administration

The present study reveals that the adults did not have adequate knowledge on

Alzheimer’s disease. Special endeavors can be taken up by nursing administrator and

educators to develop standards of care for Alzheimer’s disease patients. The nursing

administrator should organize in service education programme to nursing personnel and

allied paramedical regarding Alzheimer’s disease. The nursing administrator working in

hospital and community setting should take up keen interest in developing awareness

among adults regarding Alzheimer’s disease.

71
Nursing Research

There is a wide scope of conducting research study in depth using other tools in

order to assess the knowledge regarding Alzheimer’s disease. The researcher found that

literature regarding the assessment of knowledge on Alzheimer’s disease to Indian

context was inadequate. Research studies can also be conducted on caregivers of

Alzheimer’s disease. So, the nursing leaders can motivate nurses to do more research in

this aspect.

Limitation

1. The finding of the study could not be generalized in view of small size sample

and limited area of setting.

2. The findings of the study were limited to 100 adults from a selected urban

community, Bangalore.

Recommendations

1. A similar study can be conducted on a larger sample for wider generalizations.

2. A study can be done to assess the attitude and practices of caregivers knowledge

on Alzheimer’s disease.

3. A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on adults

regarding Alzheimer’s disease.

4. A study can be conducted to assess the nurse’s knowledge and attitude on

Alzheimer’s disease.

72
 5. A comparative study can be conducted to compare the rural and urban adults

knowledge regarding Alzheimer’s disease.

6. A similar study can be conducted to assess the knowledge of caregivers on

Alzheimer’s disease.

8. SUMMARY

The purpose of the study is to assess the knowledge of adults regarding

Alzheimer’s disease in a selected community, Bangalore. The study was conducted at

Jayachamarajendranagar, Bangalore. A formal written permission was obtained from the

medical officer of the urban family welfare center, Mahalakshmi Layout, Bangalore. The

present study was descriptive in nature, conducted over a period of 4 weeks from 3rd

September 2007 to 3rd October 2007. The conceptual framework used for the study was

Jean Watson Human caring. Convenient sampling technique was used to select 100

samples of adults from Jayachamarajendranagar, Bangalore. A structured interview

schedule was used to collect the information from the respondents. The tool consists of

two sections. They are

Section A : Demographic data,

Section B : Structured interview schedule to assess the knowledge of adults

regarding Alzheimer’s disease

73
 The prepared questionnaire was validated by subject experts and the reliability of

test was tested. The data obtained were analyzed and interpreted in terms of the objective

of the study descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.

74
 Objectives of the study were

1. To assess the level of knowledge on Alzheimer’s disease among adults in a

selected community.

2. To find out the association between the level of knowledge and selected

demographic variables.

3. To develop an information booklet on Alzheimer’s disease.

The findings are summarized as follows

Majority of adults 39 percent were in the age group of 31 – 40 years, 34 percent

were in the age group between 21 – 30 years and 27 percent were in the age group

between 41 – 50 years.

Out of 100 adults 56 percent were males, 44 percent were females.

Majority of adults 64 percent were married 18 percent were bachelor, 11 percent

were spinster and 7 percent were widow.

Majority of adults, 35 percent were educated up to high school, 34 percent were

graduates and 22 percent were having education qualification till PUC. In the present

study only 9 percent were post-graduates.

Majority of adults 29 percent were private employees, 25 percent were

housewives, 16 percent were government employees and 11 percent were laborers.

75
 Out of 100 adults 68 percent were belongs to Hindus, 19 percent were belongs to

Christians and 13 percent were belongs to Muslims.

Majority of family income per month were found to be 49 percent respondents in

the income group of Rs.5,001 – 10,000, 27 percent respondents were below Rs. 5000 and

24 percent respondents belongs to more than Rs.10,001 of monthly family income.

According to the type of family 65 percent respondents were belongs to nuclear

family, 29 percent were in joint family and only 6 percent respondents belongs to

extended family.

Majority of adults 52 percent belongs to family size of 3 – 4 member, 36 percent

respondents were above 5 – 6 members of family size and 12 percent respondents were

above 6 members of family size.

Out of 100 adults 94 percent were not having the family history of mental illness

and about 6 percent were having the family history of mental illness.

Majority of adults 98 percent did not have the family member suffering from

Alzheimer’s disease, 2 percent adults were having a family member suffering from

Alzheimer’s disease.

About source of information regarding Alzheimer’s disease 67 percent

respondents were not having any source of information regarding Alzheimer’s disease, 13

percent respondents were receiving source of information through magazines and

newspaper, 11 percent respondents were receiving source of information through

76
television and radio and 6 percent respondents receiving source of information through

family members and friends.

Out of 100 respondents 16 percent had adequate knowledge, 37 percent had

moderate knowledge and 47 percent had inadequate knowledge on Alzheimer’s disease.

The overall mean percentage of knowledge score were 53.9 percent with a

standard deviation 15.5, mean were 16.17. The findings showed that adults had

inadequate knowledge on Alzheimer’s disease.

Findings of the study revealed there is significant association between the level of

knowledge on educational level, marital status and family size of adults.

Age, gender, occupation, religion, family income, type of family and source of

information on Alzheimer’s disease, family history of mental illness and family member

suffering from Alzheimer’s disease are not significantly associated with level of

knowledge on Alzheimer’s disease.

Overall experience of conducting this study was satisfying and enriching even the

respondents were happy and satisfied. For the investigator the study was a new learning

experience.

There is a felt need for improving the knowledge and awareness of adults

regarding Alzheimer’s disease.

77
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10. ANNEXURE
ANNEXURE – A
LETTER SEEKING PERMISSION TO CONDUCT PILOT STUDY
From,
Mr. Joji Mathew
II Year M.Sc Nursing Student,
Sarvodaya College of Nursing,
Bangalore – 560 079.

To,
The Medical Officer,
Urban Family Welfare Center
Mahalakshmi Layout,
Bangalore – 560 086

Through,
The Principal
Sarvodaya College of Nursing
Bangalore – 560 079.

Sub.: Seeking permission for conducting pilot study

Respected Sir,
I, Mr. Joji Mathew, is a bonafide Post Graduate Student of Sarvodaya College of
Nursing affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore with a
specialization in Psychiatric Nursing.

I have to conduct a pilot study as a part of my research for the purpose of partial
fulfillment of my course. My problem statement is “A Descriptive Study To Assess The
Knowledge Regarding Alzheimer’s Disease Among Adults In A Selected
Community, Bangalore With A View To Develop An Information Booklet”.

84
 In this regard, I kindly request you to grant me permission from 06-08-07 to 13-
08-07 for conducting pilot study in Athmeya Gelayarabalga Colony, Bangalore.

Thanking you,
Place: Bangalore Yours faithfully,
Date:

(Joji Mathew)

ANNEXURE – B

LETTER GRANTING PERMISSION TO CONDUCT THE PILOT STUDY

From,
The Medical Officer,
Urban Family Welfare Center
Mahalakshmi Layout,
Bangalore – 560 086

To,
Mr. Joji Mathew
2nd Year M.Sc. Nursing,
Sarvodaya College of Nursing
Bangalore – 560 079.

Dear Student,

As per your request forward through the Principal Sarvodaya College of Nursing;

you are permitted to do the pilot study in Athmeya Gelayarabalga Colony, Bangalore as

mentioned in your letter.

Thanking you,

Place: Bangalore
Date: Yours faithfully,

85