Meaning of Educational Psychology

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William James (1892) describes psychology as the science of the mental, soul, and thought

processes that occur in human development. Then Wilhelm Wundt (1892) said psychology is a
science that studies internal experiences (the science of consciousness). J.B. Watson popularized
the term behavior in the definition of psychology.

Meaning of Educational Psychology

There are many experts who popularize what psychology is, such as B.F. Skinner, Kurt Koffka
and other experts, where psychology is the science of understanding human behavior, how it can
be controlled and influenced by humans.

Educational psychology is a branch of psychology that studies the understanding of student


behavior related to education. It is hoped that the facilities and infrastructure to improve the
educational process effectively with minimum effort can equip the essential knowledge and skills
needed at this time and produce maximum output. A process of how human behavior is to
achieve its life goals properly.

Definitions of Educational Psychology

C.E. Skinner: teaching and learning process


Crow and Crow: learning experience from childhood to old age
E. A. Peel: how psychology in educational situations means helping to understand the capacity,
reach, processes and social interactions.
Stephens: with the growth and development of education
Judd explained that the stages of human development from birth to adulthood.

The aim is to
1. understand and respond to the educational environment
2. Develop a broad personality behavior.

So educational psychology clearly explains the development and understanding of the teaching
and learning process of teachers and students, by paying attention to important aspects in it, such
as how parents support their children in the teaching and learning process, learning methods and
understanding children's emotions, and also their social interactions.

Nature of Educational psychology as scientific because:

1. Educational Psychology is a science. In connection with the introduction, observation that can
be received for data collection, then it is developed to be able to control human behavior.
2. Educational Psychology is a natural science. In this case, someone who is said to be an
educational psychologist makes observations, collects data and then gives conclusions in the
same way as other psychologists.
3. Educational psychology is a social science. This science has the aim of exploring how human
abilities are with their social interactions.
4. Educational psychology is a positive science. Science deals with something positive, ethics
that refers to facts that are in accordance with reality and what they are in children's behavior in
this science.
5. Educational psychology is an applied science. This type of psychology prioritizes how good
the child is, with facts from several fields in psychology (social, developmental, etc.)
6. Developing educational psychology, in this science is concerned with understanding,
observing psychologists to keep looking for and doing something new for the development of
children, both behavior and insight.

The Nature of Educational Psychology:

1. Laws of educational psychology are universal: Basically educational psychologists are very
universally accepted using scientific methods, given the facts through well-organized research
and experiments supported by relevant psychological principles.
2. Scientific methods: With this method, an approach is carried out such as studying the behavior
of students starting from observation, investigation and others.
3. Constans search of the truth: After facts or experiments are collected the results can be turned
into new findings, whatever the findings are not considered permanent.
4. Reliability: Basically there are many causes of natural student behavior in educational
psychology rumors.
5. Positive Science: Positive Science
6. Applied behavioral science: Psychology related to behavior.
7. Developing positive science: In this case all applied, positive science experiments are
developed from the behavior of students

Objectives of Educational Psychology:

1. provide a method for solving a problem


2. to develop problem solving
3. train the mindset about educational problems.

Education vs Schooling

schooling is a formal way of obtaining knowledge, (institutions or branches of education) while


education is knowledge obtained in an informal way. However, education sometimes takes place
informally, such as knowledge, conversation, life experiences through online sources

Teaching Objectives of Educational Psychology:

1. Ability to learn by developing an understanding of food and the environment.


2. provide an educational basis for understanding the behavioral principles of learning principles
and techniques.
3. Understand the external factors that affect individual abilities.
4. External factors such as library training, classrooms which are still under the control of
teachers and institutions.
5. to evaluate learning
6. develop individual differences with the appreciation of each individual.

Scope of Educational Psychology:

1. Human Behavior :Studies that aim to change behavior that are reflected in the educational
aspect
2.Growth and development : Learn the principles of growth and development that help scientific
studies and educational programs in students
3.The Learner : It is necessary to have observations, observations, abilities, behavior,
characteristics and development of each individual student. It is very important to know and
know them well.
4.The Learning Experiences. :The growth and development of learners will decide how the
learning experience is obtained easily
5.Learning process: In the learning process starts from seeing, reading, observing, thinking
which provides an effective learning experience
6.Learning Situation or Environment : Teachers facilitate students including environmental
factors and learning situations so that they can evaluate the smoothness of the teaching and
learning process
7. Evaluation of the learning process: Many things that must be considered when evaluating
learning and assessment methods are the focal points that are very dependent on the results of the
teacher to students, this psychologist's guide can contribute to the effectiveness of learning to
acquire skills, important experiences
8.Individual differences : In fact, every individual is different from various aspects
9.Personality and adjustment : All educational studies describe development based on the
principles that govern the well-being of an individual's personality
10.The Teacher: : A teacher in carrying out his role as a guide, educator and trainer for his
students, of course, is required to understand various aspects of his own behavior and the
behavior of people related to his duties, especially the behavior of students in all aspects, so that
they can carry out their duties and roles effectively. ,
11. Guidance and Counseling : In this case, based on the development of principles and creative
practical steps with complex situations, guidance and counseling are needed for the observation
and development of students appropriately.

Relevance Of Educational Psychology For Teachers

1.To understand the stages of development: Overall understanding of human physical, mental
and emotional development starting from various stages (infants, children, adolescents to
adulthood) to determine the appropriate learning method
2.To know the learner: Can find out social, physical, aspiration, and motivation needs that help
teachers to find the interests and abilities they have acquired.
3.To understand the nature of classroom learning: To be able to adapt and understand the
learning method is somewhat effective, so the teacher does not have to take many approaches but
take corrective actions in the learning situation
4.To understand the individual differences: Every child has a different character, background,
abilities.
5.To solve classrooms problems:All problems that students do or experience in teacher learning
help to learn about student characteristics.
6.To develop necessary skills and interest in teaching:Strive to maintain a healthy situation and
show child care so that the teacher can develop the necessary skills
7.To understand effective methods of teaching: Teaching methods and techniques really help the
teaching and learning process by taking several approaches is very important to change the
learning method which is more attractive
8. To understand the influence of heredity and the environment on children: In this case the
development of children with hereditary qualities is not a big problem for teachers to be
modified according to their needs.
9.To understand the mental health of the child
Insights are indispensable for understanding students' mental health and mismatches
10.To understand the procedure of curriculum construction
Based on a child-centered curriculum to meet individual needs
11.To provide guidance and counseling
The interests, talents and learning styles of students are very different, so it is our job to be able
to fulfill and take responsibility properly to know their character well
12.To understand the principles of evaluation and assessment
Evaluating individuals is integral in the teaching and learning process depending on the
evaluation technique.
13.To inculcate positive and creative discipline
Take an approach by creating creative and positive individuals to change behavior
14. Educational psychology and research
The goal is to develop human behavior
15.To know himself / herself
everything starts by yourself to set your own behavior patterns.
16.Educational psychology helps in professional growth, changing attitude, and innovative
thinking

Methods

1. Obtain the facts of learning behavior


2. Information for learners to be guided

Basically the teaching and learning process aims to change, develop the personality of students
as a whole, be expanded to include all aspects of life, limited by teaching, observation and
processes in an educational environment so that the relationship between teachers and students
can do their job optimally with topics that help the experience and stage of development.

Therefore, this study includes:

1. Knowing the learner


2. Understand, the limitations to get teaching skills
3. Selection of the right learning
4. Learners' experiences and stages
5. Appropriate methods and techniques
6. Set the right situation

Methods of Educational Psychology:


By making observations, which means a simple approach about the behavior of students that is
adjusted to the conditions.

The following are the various methods of observation under different situations:

1. Introspection method:
Methods that study individual behavior to recognize and understand their own feelings and
characteristics.

2.Observation method:
This observation is seen from the natural conditions of the individual both externally and
internally

3. Experimental method:
This method requires the creation of controllable environments, all of which are unpredictable
because cause and effect relationships are formed.

4. Case history method:


Methods drawn from the prior experience of the indicators responsible for behavior include
information on the surrounding environment. A little critical but still based on specific research
efficiently.

Relationship Between Education and Psychology

Regulate behavior in a direction that is obtained in a controlled environment. Psychology studies


that focus on behavior to change educational behavior and psychology are closely related
starting from the observation of characteristics, interests that must be known with modern and
creative concepts.

Today's education has become child center:

The aim emphasizes that education must have guidelines on psychological principles according
to the very important needs, interests, character and abilities

Different aspects of education related to psychological principles are as follows:

1. Different basic psychological goals


2. Curriculum development based on psychological principles
3. Using learning methods
4. Solutions to every educational problem
5. Timing
6. Effective school administration
7. Interests and talents of each individual
8. Psychological discipline
9. Mental health
10. Evaluation for learning
11. Effective guidance.

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