Coronavirus: COVID-19 Pandemic COVID-19 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

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Coronavirus

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This article is about the group of viruses. For the disease involved in the
ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, see COVID-19. For the virus that causes this
disease, see Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus  2.

Orthocoronavirinae

Transmission electron

micrograph of Avian coronavirus

Illustration of a coronavirus[2]

  Red: spike proteins (S)

  Grey: lipid bilayer envelope

  Yellow: envelope proteins (E)


  Orange: membrane proteins (M)

Virus classification

(unranked): Virus

Realm: Riboviria

Kingdom: Orthornavirae

Phylum: Pisuviricota

Class: Pisoniviricetes

Order: Nidovirales

Family: Coronaviridae

Subfamily: Orthocoronavirinae

Genera[1]

 Alphacoronavirus
 Betacoronavirus
 Gammacoronavirus
 Deltacoronavirus

Synonyms[3][4]

 Coronavirinae

Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases


in mammals and birds. In humans and birds, they cause respiratory tract
infections that can range from mild to lethal. Mild illnesses in humans include some
cases of the common cold (which is also caused by other viruses,
predominantly rhinoviruses), while more lethal varieties can cause SARS, MERS,
and COVID-19. In cows and pigs they cause diarrhea, while in mice they
cause hepatitis and encephalomyelitis.
Coronaviruses constitute the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, in the
family Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales, and realm Riboviria.[4][5] They are enveloped
viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and a nucleocapsid of
helical symmetry.[6] The genome size of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 26
to 32 kilobases, one of the largest among RNA viruses.[7] They have characteristic
club-shaped spikes that project from their surface, which in electron
micrographs create an image reminiscent of the solar corona, from which their name
derives.[8]

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