Timber Design Chapter 1

MODULE No.
1
TIMBER DESIGN
BENDING STRESS
MC
fb =
I
M
fb =
S
fb = bending stress
bd 2
S=
6 (Sec0on modulus)
I = moment of iner0a at the neutral axis
bd 3
I=
12
d
c =
2
SHEARING STRESS
VQ
fv =
Ib
fv = shearing stress
V = max. ver0cal shear
Q = sta0cal moment of area
Q = Ay
bd d
Q=
2 4
bd 2
Q=
8
I = moment of iner0a at neutral axis
bd 3
I=
12
B = width at cri0cal shear
1) For rectangular sec.on:

3 V
fv =
2 b d
2) For triangular sec.on:

bd 3
I=
36
⎛ b ⎞⎛ d ⎞⎛ d ⎞
⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
2 2 3 bd 2
Q = ⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠ =
2 24
b
b=
2
VQ
fv =
Ib
bd 2
V
f v = 24
bd 3 b
36 2
3V
fv =
bd
2
2
3V
fv =
2A
3) For circular cross-secAon:

VQ
fv =
I b
π r4
I =
4
Q = Ay
π r 2 4r
Q =
2 3π
2
Q= r3
3
b = 2r
2
V 3 r3
fv =
πr 4
4
2r
4V
fv =
3π r 2
4V
fv =
3 A
Sample Problem:
1.Problem
A 100 mm x 300 mm rectangular beam carries a uniformly distributed load of “W” kN/m over its enAre
span. The beam is freely supported at its ends. If the max. allowable bending stress is 8.27 MPa and
simultaneously the max. allowable shearing stress is 0.70 MPa.
1) Which of the following gives the value of max. verAcal shear.

2) Which of the following gives the value of the span of the beam.
3) Which of the following gives the value of “W” in kN/m.
SoluAon:
1) Max. verAcal shear:
3 V
fv =
2b d
3 V
0.70 =
2 (100)(300)
V = 14000N
V = 14 kN
2) Span of beam:
6M
fb = 2
bd
6M
8.27 =
100(300) 2
M = 12.405x 106 N.mm = 12.405 kN.m
wL2
M=
8
WL2
12.405 =
8
WL2 = 99.24
WL
V =
2
WL = 28
WL2 = 99.24
WL = 28
99.24
L =
28
L = 3.54 m
3) Value of "W”
WL = 28
28
W =
3.54
W = 7.91 kN/m
2.Problem
A floor is supported by 75 mm x 200 mm wooden joists spaced at 400 mm on centers with an effecAve
span of 3 m. The total floor load transmiRed to the joists is 5kPA. Weight of wood of 6.3 kNm3. Ew = 12 x
103 MPa.
1) Which of the following gives the maximum bending stress.

2) Which of the following gives the maximum shearing stress.
3) Which of the following gives the maximum deflecAon of the joist.
SoluAon:
1) Maximum bending stress:
Wt. of wood = 6.3(0075) (0.2) (1000)
Wt. of wood = 945 N/m
Total wt. of wood
W = 94.5+5000(0.4)
W = 2094.5 N/m
WL2
M=
8
2094.5(3) 3
M=
8
M = 2356.3 N .m
M = 2356.3 x103 N .mm
6M
fb =
bd 2
6(2356.3)103
fb =
75(200) 2
Fb = 4.71 MPa
2) Max. shearing stress:

3V
fv =
2bd
2094.5(3)
V=
2
V = 3141.75 N
3V
fv =
2bd
3(3141.75)
fv =
2(75)(200)
fv = 0.31 MPa
3) Max. deflec.on:
5WL4
ymax =
384 EI
75(200) 3
I=
12
I = 50 x106 mm 4
5(2094.5)(3) 4 (1000) 3
ymax =
384(12)103 (50)106
ymax = 3.68 mm.
2-A. CE Board May 2006

A Amber beam having a simple span of 4 m. carries a total load including its own weight of 10 kN/m. lt
has a width of 200 mm and a depth of 260 mm, used dressed dimension by reducing its dimensions by
10 mm. The wooden secAon is made up of 80% Apitong. Use table on figure TM-6.
1) Which of the following gives the max. flexural stress of the beam.
2) Which of the following gives the max. shearing stress of the beam.
3) Which of the following gives the max. deflecAon of the beam.
Solu.on:
1) Max. flexural stress of the beam:
Fb = 16.5 MPa
Ew = 7310 MPa
Fv = 1.75 MPa
wL2
M=
8
10(4) 2
M=
8
M = 20 kN.m
6M
fb =
bd 2
6(20)106
fb =
190(250) 2
fb = 10.105 MPa < 16.5 MPa
2) Max. shear stress:

3 V
fv =
2 b d
10(4)
V=
2
V = 20kN
3 (20000)
fv =
2 (190)(250)
fv = 0.63 MPa <1.73 MPa
3) Max. deflecAon of beam:

5wL4
δ=
384 EI
190(250) 3
I=
12
I = 247.4 x106
5(10000)(4) 4 (1000) 3
δ=
384(7310)(247.4)106
ẟ = 18.43 mm
2-B Problem:
A pontoon bridge is constructed of two longitudinal wood beams, known as balks, that span between
adjacent pontoons and support the transverse floor beams which are called chesses. Assume that
uniform floor load of 8 kPa acts over the chesses and balks. The chesses has a span of 2 m. and the balks
are simply supported with a span of 3 m. Allowable bending stress of wood is 16 MPa. If the balks have a
square cross secAon, compute the minimum required width.
SoluAon:
W = 8(2)(1)
W = 16 kN/m
WL4
M=
8
16(3) 4
M=
8
M = 18kN .m
6M
fw =
bd 2
6(18)106
16 =
b3
b = 188.9mm
Use b = 190 mm
2-C Problem:
A floor system in a small building Consists of wood planks supported by 50 mm (nominal width) joists
spaced at distance of U.40 m., measured center to center. The span length of each joists is 3.2 m. The
uniform floor load is 5.8 kPa which includes an allowable for the weight of floor system.
1) Determine the total uniform load in kN/m carried by the joists.

2) Determine the required secAon modulus tor the jo1sts if the allowable bending stress is 9.30
MPa.
3) Determine the depth of the joists.
SoluAon:
1) Total uniform load in kN/m carried by the joists:
W = 5.8(0.4(1)
W = 2.32 kN/m
WL2
M=
8
2.32(3.2) 2
M=
8
M = 2.97 kN .m
M
S=
fb
2.97 x106
S=
9.30
S = 319.4 x 103 mm3
2) SecAon modulus required for joists:

WL2
M=
8
2.32(3.2) 2
M=
8
M = 2.97 kN
M
S=
fb
2.97 x106
S=
9.30
S = 319.4 x 103 mm3
3) Depth of joists:
1
S = bd 2
6
50d 3
319.4 x103 =
6
d = 195.8
Use d = 200 mm
2-D Problem:
A simple log bridge in a remote area consist of two parallel logs with plank across them. The log has an
average diameter of 300 mm. A truck moves slowly across the bridge, which spans 2.5m. Assume that
the weight of the truck is equally distributed between the two legs. Because the wheel base of the truck
is greater than 2.5m, only one set of wheel is on the bridge at a Ame. Thus, the wheel load on one log is
equivalent to a concentrated load P acAng at any posiAon along the span. In addiAon, the weight of one
log and the planks it supports is equivalent to a uniform load of 850 kN/m acAng on the log.
1) Determine the max. permissible wheel load W based upon allowable bending stress of 7 MPa.
2) Determine the max. permissible wheel load W based upon allowable shear stress of 0.75 MPa.
3) Determine the max. permissible wheel load W based upon allowable deflecAon of 6 mm. Ew =
7380 MPa.
SoluAon:
1) Max. permissible wheel load W based upon allowable bending stress of 7 MPa.
PL WL2
M= +
4 8
MC
fb =
I
π
I= (300) 4
64
I = 397.6 x106
MC
fb =
I
M (150)
7=
397.6 x106
M = 18.55 x106 N .mm
M = 18.55kN .m
PL WL2
M= +
4 8
P(2.5) 0.85(2.5) 2
18.55 = +
4 8
P = 28.62 kN
2) Max. permissible wheel load W based upon allowable shear stress of 0.75 MPa.
4V
r =
3A
P WL
V = +
2 2
4V
0.75 =
⎛π ⎞ 2
3⎜ ⎟(300 )
⎝4⎠
V = 39761 N
P 0.85 (2.5)
39.731 = +
2 2
P = 77.40 kN
3) Max. permissible wheel load W based upon allowable deflecAon of 6 mm.
Ew = 7380 MPa.
PL3 5WL4
δ= +
48 EI 384 EI
P(2500) 3 5(850)(2.5)(2500) 4
6= +
48(7380)(397.6)106 384(7380)(397.3)106
P = 52757 N
P = 52.76 kN

Timber Design Chapter 1

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MODULE No.

1) For rectangular sec.on:

2) For triangular sec.on:

3) For circular cross-secAon:

1) Which of the following gives the value of max. verAcal shear.

1) Which of the following gives the maximum bending stress.

2) Max. shearing stress:

2-A. CE Board May 2006

2) Max. shear stress:

3) Max. deﬂecAon of beam:

1) Determine the total uniform load in kN/m carried by the joists.

2) SecAon modulus required for joists:

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