KEY CONCEPTS Circle

CIRCLE
A. (1) DEFINITION
A circle is the locus of a point which moves in a plane in such a way that its distance from a fixed point
remains constant. The fixed point is called the centre of the circle and the constant distance is called
the radius of the circle.

(2) BASIC THEOREMS AND RESULTS OF CIRCLES

(a)Concentric circles : Circles having same centre.

(b)Congruent circles : Iff their radii are equal.
(c) Congruent arcs : Iff they have same degree measure at the centre.

Theorem 1 :
(i) If two arcs of a circle (or of congruent circles) are congruent, the corresponding chords are equal.
Converse : If two chords of a circle are equal then their corresponding arcs are congruent.
(ii) Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) subtend equal angles at the centre.
Converse : If the angle subtended by two chords of a circle (or of congruent circle) at the centre

r
are equal, the chords are equal.

Theorem 2 :
Si
(i) The perpendicular from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord.
Converse : The line joining the mid point of a chord to the centre of a circle is perpendicular to the
chord.
(ii) Perpendicular bisectors of two chords of a circle intersect at tis centre.
.B
Theorem 3 :
(i) There is one and only one circle passing through three non collinear points.
(ii) If two circles intersects in two points, then the line joining the centres is perpendicular bisector of
G

common chords.

Theorem 4 :
(i) Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are equidistant from the centre.
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Converse : Chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) which are equidistant from the centre are
equal.
(ii) If two equal chords are drawn from a point on the circle, then the centre of circle will lie on angle
bisector of these two chords.
(iii) Of any two chords of a circle larger will be near to centre.

Theorem 5 : 
(i) The degree measure of an arc or angle subtended by an arc at the centre O
is double the angle subtended by it at any point of alternate segment. 2

 
(ii) Angle in the same segment of a circle are equal.

(iii) The angle in a semi circle is right angle.

Converse : The arc of a circle subtending a right angle in alternate

segment is semi circle.

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 Circle

Theorem 6 :
An angle subtended by a minor arc in the alternate segment is acute and any angle subtended by a
major arc in the alternate segment is obtuse.

Theorem 7 :
If a line segment joining two points subtends equal angles at two other points lying on the same side of
the line segment, the four points are concyclic, i.e. lie on the same circle.

(d)Cyclic Quadrilaterals : A quadrilateral is called a cyclic quadrilateral if its all vertices lie on a circle.

Theorem 1 :
The sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180º.
OR
The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary.
Converse : If the sum of any pair of opposite angle of a quadrilateral is 180º, then the quadrilateral is
cyclic.

Theorem 2 :

r
If a side of a cyclic quadrilateral is produced, then the exterior angle is equal to the interior opposite
angle.

Theorem 3 :
The quadrilateral formed by angle bisectors of
a cyclic quadrilateral is also cyclic.
Si D

Q
P
R
S
C

A B
.B
Theorem 4 :
If two sides of cyclic quadrilateral are parallel then the remaining two sides are equal and the diagonals
are also equal.
OR
G

A cyclic trapezium is isosceles and its diagonals are equal.

Converse : If two non-parallel sides of a trapezium are equal then it is cyclic.
OR
@

An isosceles trapezium is always cyclic,

Theorem 5 :
The bisectors of the angles formed by producing the opposite sides of a cyclic quadrilateral (provided
they are not parallel), intersect at right angle.

(3) TANGENTS TO A CIRCLE

Theorem 1 :
A tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.
Converse : A line drawn through the end point of a radius and perpendicular to it is a tangent to the
circle.

Theorem 2 :
If two tangents are drawn to a circle from an external point, then :
(i) they are equal  
 
(ii) the subtend equal angles at the centre,
(iii) they are equally inclined to the segment, joining the centre to that point.

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 Circle

Theorem 3 : A A
D
If two chords of a circle intersect inside or outside the B
circle when produced, the rectangle formed by the seg- O
P
ments of one chord is equal in area to the rectangle formed
by the two segments of the other chord P D
PA × PB = PC × PD C B C

Theorem 4 :
B
If PAB is a secant to a circle intersecting the circle at
A
A and B and PT is tangent segment, the PA × PB = PT2
OR O
P
Area of the rectangle formed by the two segments of a
chord is equal to the area of the square of side equal to
the length of the tangent from the point on the circle. T
E
Theorem 5 : C
If a chord is drawn through the point of contact of tangent
to a circle, then the angles which this chord makes with O B
the given tangent are equal respectively to the angles

r
formed in the corresponding alternate segments. D
BAQ = ACB and BAP = ADB
Converse :
Si P A Q
If a line is drawn through an end point of a chord of a circle so that the angle formed with the chord is
equal to the angle subtended by the chord in the alternate segment, then the line is a tangent to the
circle.
.B
B. STANDARD EQUATIONS OF THE CIRCLE

(a)Central Form :
If (h, k) is the centre and r is the radius of the circle then its equation is (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
G

Special Cases :
(i) If centre is origin (0, 0) and radius is ‘r’ then equation of circle is x2 + y2 = r2 and this is called the
@

standard form. y
(ii) If radius of circle is zero then equation of circle is (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = 0.
Such circle is called zero circle or point circle.
(h, k)
(iii) When circle touches x-axis C
k
then equation of the circle is x
y
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = k2. 0 Touching x-axis
or x2 + y2 – 2hx – 2ky + h2 = 0
C (h, k)
(iv) When circle touches y-axis h

then equation of the circle is

x
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = h2 0 Touching y-axis
y
or x2 + y2 – 2hx – 2ky + k2 = 0

(v)When circle touches both the axes (x-axis and y-axis)

then equation of the circle is C (h, h)
h
(x – h)2 + (y – h)2 = h2 h
x
or x2 + y2 – 2hx – 2hy + h2 = 0 0 Touching x-axis
and y-axis

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 Circle

(vi) When circle passes through the origin and centre of y

the circle is (h, k) then radius
h  k = r and inter-
2 2

cept cut on x-axis OP = 2h, and intercept cut on Q

(0, 2k)
y-axis is OQ = 2k and equation of circle is C (h, k)
h
(x – h) 2 + (y – k)2 = h2 + k2 or x2 + y2 – 2hx – 2hy = 0 k (2h, 0)
O P x

Note : Circle may exist in any quadrant hence for general cases use ± sign before h and k.

(b)General equation of circle :

x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0. where g, f, c are constants and centre is (–g, –f)
 coefficien t of x coefficien t of y 
i.e.   ,  and radius r = g2  f 2  c
 2 2 
Notes :

(i) If (g2 + f2 – c) > 0, then r is real and positive and the circle is a real circle.

r
(ii) If (g2 + f2 – c) = 0, then radius r = 0 and circle is a point circle.

(iii)

(iv)
Si
If (g2 + f2 – c) < 0, then r is imaginary then circle is also an imaginary circle with real centre.

x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, has three constants and to get the equation of the circle at least
.B
three conditions should be known  A unique circle passes through three non collinear points.
(v) The general quadratic equation in x and y, ax2 + by2 + 2hxy + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
represents a circle if :
G

• coefficient of x2 = coefficient of y2 or a = b  0

• coefficient of xy = 0 or h = 0
• (g2 + f2 – c)  0 (for a real circle)
@

(c) Intercepts cut by the circle on axes :

The intercepts cut by the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 on :
2 2
(i) x-axis = 2 g  c (ii) y-axis = 2 f  c

Notes :
(i) If the circle cuts the x-axis at two distinct point then g2 – c > 0

(ii) If circle touches x-axis then g2 = c.

(iii) If circle touches y-axis f2 = c.

(iv) Circle lies completely above or below the x-axis then g2 < c.

(v) Intercept cut by a line on the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 or

O
length of chord of the circle = 2 a 2  P 2 where a is the radius a P
and P is the length of perpendicular from the centre to the chord. A C B

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 Circle

(d) Diametrical form of circle :

If A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) are the end points of the
diameter of the circle and P(x, y) is the point other P(x, y)
then A and B on the circle then from geometry we
know that APB = 90º. O
 (Slope of PA) × (Slope of PB) = –1 (x1, y1) A B(x2, y2)
C
 y  y1   y  y2 
 xx     1  (x – x1) (x – x2) + (y – y1) (y – y2) = 0
 1  x  x2 
Note : This will be the circle of least radius passing through (x1, y1) and (x2 , y2)

(e)The parametric forms of the circle :

(i) The parametric equation of the circle x2 + y2 = r2 are x = r cos, y = r sin;  [0, 2]
(ii) The parametric equation of the circle (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2 is
x = h + r cos, y = k + r sin where is parameter.

(iii) The parametric equation of the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 are x = – g + g2  f 2  c cos 

y=–f+ g2  f 2  c sin where is parameter..

r
Note that equation of a straight line joining two point and  on the circle x2 + y2 = a2 is

C.
x cos
 
2
 y sin

POSITION OF A POINT W.R.T. CIRCLE


2
 a cos

2
. Si
.B
(a) Let the circle is x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 and the point is (x1, y1) then point (x1, y1) lies out side
the circle or on the circle or inside the circle according as
G

C
A
 x12  y12  2gx1  2fy1  c ,,  0 or S1 , ,  0 (x1, y1) P Q

(b) The greatest & the least distance of a point A from a circle with centre C & radius r is
@

AC + r & AC – r respectively.

D. TANGENT LINE OF CIRCLE

When a straight line meet a circle on two coincident points then it is called the tangent of the circle.

(a) Condition of Tangency : (P>r)

The line L = 0 touches the circle S = 0 if P the length of (P=r) Tangent
(P<r) Secant
the perpendicular from the centre to that line and radius P
r
of the circle r are equal i.e. P = r. (P=0) Diameter

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 Circle

(b) Equation of the tangent (T = 0) :

(i) Tangent at the point (x1, y1) on the circle x 2  y 2  a 2 is x x1  y y1  a2 .

(ii) (1) The tangent at the point (acos t, asin t) on the circle x 2  y 2  a 2 is x cos t  y sin t  a

 
a sin a cos
(2) The point of intersection of the tangents at the points P( ) and Q() is 2 , 2
 
cos cos
2 2

(iii) The equation of tangent at the point (x1, y1) on the circle x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 is

xx 1  yy1  g ( x  x1 )  f ( y  y1 )  c  0

(iv) If line y = mx + c is a straight line touching the circle x 2  y 2  a 2 , then c   a 1  m 2 and

 am a   a 2m a 2 
 
contact points are   2
,
 or 
 c
,
c
 and equation of tangent is

 1 m 1  m2   

y  mx  a 1  m 2

r
(y  k)  m(x  h)  a 1  m2
Si
(v) The equation of tangent with slope m of the circle ( x  h)2  ( y  k )2  a2 is

Note : To get the equation of tangent at the point (x1, y1) on any curve we replace xx1 in place of x2,
.B
2 x  x1 y  y1 xy 1  yx1
yy1 in place of y , in place of x, in place of y,, in place of xy and c in place of c.
2 2 2

(c) Length of tangent ( S1 ) : T

P(x1,y1)
The length of tangent draw from point (x1, y1) out side the circle
G

S  x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 is,

PT  S1  x12  y12  2gx1  2fy1  c

@

Note : When we use this formula the coefficient of x2 and y2 must be 1.

(d) Equation of Pair to tangents (SS1 = T2) :

Let the equation of circle X  x 2  y 2  a2 and P( x1, y 1) is any Q
point outside the circle. From the point we can draw two real
P M
and distinct tangent PQ & PR and combine equation of pair of (x1, y1) (0,0)

tangents is ( x 2  y 2  a 2 ) ( x12  y 12  a 2 )  ( xx 1  yy1  a2 )2 or SS1  T 2 R

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 Circle

E. NORMAL OF CIRCLE

Normal at a point of the circle is the straight line which is perpendicular to the tangent at the point of
contact and passes through the centre of circle.
(a) Equation of normal at point (x1, y1)
or circle x 2  y 2  2gx  2fy  c  0 is N (–g, –f)

y f  P T
y  y1   1  ( x  x1 ) (x1,y1)
 x1  g 

 y y1 
(b) The equation of normal on any point (x1, y1) of circle x 2  y 2  a 2 is  x  x 
 1

(c) If x 2  y 2  a 2 is the equation of the circle then at any point ‘t’ of this circle (a cos t, a sin t), the
equation of normal is x sin t – y cos t = 0.

F. POWER OF THE POINT

T

r
square of the length of the tangent from the point P is defined as
power of the point ‘p’ w.r. to given circle  PT2 = S1 P
A B

G. CHORD OF CONTACT
Si
Note :- Power of a point remains constant w.r. to a circle PA . PB = PT2

A line joining the two points of contacts of two tangents drawn from a T1
L
.B
point out side the circle, is called chord of contact of that point. R
If two tangents PT1 & PT2 are drawn from the point P(x1, y1) to the circle C P(x1,y1)
S  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, then the equation of the chord of contact
T1T2 is : xx1 + yy1 + g (x + x1) + f (y + y1) + c = 0 T2
(i.e. T = 0 same as equation of tangent).
G

Remember :
2LR
@

(a) Length of chord of contact T1 T2 = .

R 2  L2
RL3
(b) Area of the triangle formed by the pair of the tangents & its chord of contact = Where
R2  L2
R is the radius of the circle & L is the length of the tangent from (x1, y1) on S = 0.

 2RL 
(c) Angle between the pair of tangents from P(x1, y1) = tan–1  2 2

L R 
(d) Equation of the circle circumscribing the triangle PT1T2 or quadrilateral CT1PT2 is :
(x – x1) (x + g) + (y – y1) (y + f) = 0.
(e) The joint equation of a pair of tangents drawn from the point A (x1, y1) to the circle
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is : SS1 = T2.
Where S  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c ; S1  x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c
T  xx1 + yy1 + g(x + x1) + f(y + y1) + c.

H. EQUATION OF THE CHORD WITH A GIVEN MIDDLE POINT (T = S1)

The equation of the chord of the circle S  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 in terms of its mid point
x1  g
M(x1 , y1) is y – y1 = – y  f (x – x1). This on simplification can be put in the form
1

xx1 + yy1 + g (x + x1) + f (y + y1) + c = x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c which is designated by T = S1.
Note that : The shortest chord of a circle passing through a point ‘M’ inside the circle, is one chord
whose middle point is M.
 Circle

I. DIRECTOR CIRCLE

The locus of point of intersection of two perpendicular tangents to a circle is called director circle. Let
P(h, k) is the point of intersection of two tangents drawn on the circle x2 + y2 = a2. Then the equation
of the pair of tangents is SS1 = T2. i.e. (x2 + y2 – a2) (h2 + k2 – a2) = (hx + ky – a2)2
As lines are perpendicular to each then, coefficient of x2 + coefficient of y2 = 0.
 [(h2 + k2 – a2) – h2] + [(h2 + k2 – a2) – k2] = 0  h2 + k2 = 2a2
2 2 2
 locus of (h, k) is x + y = 2a which is the equation of the director circle.
 director circle is a concentric circle whose radius is 2 times the radius of the circle.
Note : The director circle of x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + 2c – g2 – f2 = 0

(h, k)
J. POLE AND POLAR R

Let any straight line through the given point A(x1 , y1) intersect
y) Q
the given circle S = 0 in two points P’ and Q and if the tangent of (x 1, 1
A P
the circle at P and Q meet at the point R then locus of point R is
called polar of the point A and point A is called the pole, with

r
respect to the given circle.

Si
(a) The equation of the polar of point (x1 , y1) w.r.t. circle x2 + y2 = a2.
Let PQR is a chord which passes through the point P(x1, y1) which
intersects the circle at point Q and R and the tangents are drawn at
points Q and R meet at point S(h, k) then equation
y)
(x 1, 1
S
(h, k)

P Q
.B
of QR the chord of contact is x1h + y1k = a2
 locus of point S(h, k) is xx1 + yy1 = a2 which is the equation of the polar.
(i) The equation of the polar is the T = 0, so the polar of point (x1, y1) w.r.t. circle
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is xx1 + yy1 + g(x + x1) + f(y + y1) + c = 0.
G

(ii) If point is outside the circle then equation of polar and chord of contact is same. So the chord of
contact is polar.
(iii) If point is inside the circle then chord of contact does not exist but polar exists.
@

(iv) If point lies on the circle then polar, chord of contact and tangent on that point are same.
(v)If the polar of P w.r.t. a circle passes through the point Q, then the polar of point Q will pass
through P and hence P and Q are conjugate points of each other w.r.t. the given circle.
(vi) If pole of a line w.r.t. a circle lies on second line. Then pole of second line lies on first line and
hence both lines are conjugate lines of each other w.r.t. the given circle.

(b) Pole of a given line with respect to a circle.

To find the pole of a line we assume the coordinates of the pole then from these coordinates we
find the polar. This polar and given line represent the same line. Then by comparing the
coefficients of similar terms we can get the coordinates of the pole. The pole of x + my + n = 0.
  a 2  ma 2 
w.r.t. circle x2 + y2 = a2 will be  , .
 n n 
 

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 Circle
K. FAMILY OF CIRCLES

(a)The equation of the family of circles passing through the points of intersection of two circles
S1 = 0 and S2 = 0 is ; S1 + KS2 = 0 (K –1).
(b)The equation of the family of circles passing through the point of intersection of a circle S = 0 and
line L = 0 is given by S + KL = 0,
(c) The equation of a family of circles passing through two given points (x1 , y1) and (x2 , y2) can be
x y 1
written in the form (x – x1) (x – x2) + (y – y1) (y – y2) + K 1 y1 1 = 0 where K is a parameter..
x
x 2 y2 1
(d) The equation of a family of circles touching a fixed line y – y 1 = m (x – x1 ) at the fixed point
(x 1 , y 1 ) is (x – x1)2 + (y - y1)2 + K [y – y1 – m (x – x1)] = 0, where K is a parameter.
(e)Family of circles cicumscribing a triangle whose sides are given by L1 = 0; L2 = 0 and L3 = 0 is given
by ; L1L2 +  L2L3 +µ L3L1 = 0 provided coefficient of xy = 0 and coefficient of x2 = coefficient of y2
(f) Equation of circle circumscribing a quadrilateral whose side in order are represented by the line
L1=0, L2 = 0, L3 = 0 and L4 = 0 are L1L3 + L2L4 = 0 provided coefficient of x2 = coefficient of
y2 and coefficient of xy = 0.

r
L. THE ANGLE OF INTERSECTION OF TWO CIRCLES
Si
Definition : The angle between the tangents of two circles at the point of intersection of the two
circles is called angle of intersection of two circles. If two circles are S1  x 2  y 2  2g1x  2f1y  c 1  0
.B
S 2  x 2  y 2  2g2 x  2f2 y  c 2  0 and  is the angle between them P
r1 r2

2g1g2  2f1f 2  c 1  c 2  r 2  r22  d2 
then cos   or cos    1  C1 d C2
g12  f12  c 1 g 22  f 22  c 2  2r r 
 1 2 
G

Here a1 and a2 are the radii of the circles and d is the distance between their centres.
If the angle of intersection of the two circles is a right angle then such circles are called
“Orthogonal circles” and conditions for the circles to be orthogonal is 2g1g2  2f1f 2  c1  c 2
@

M. RADICAL AXIS OF THE TWO CIRCLES (S1 – S2 = 0)

(a) Definition : The locus of a point, which moves in such P(h, k)

a way that the length of tangents drawn from it to the circles
are equal and is called the radical axis. It two circles are - A B

S1  x 2  y 2  2g1x  2f1y  c 1  0
Radical axis
S 2  x 2  y 2  2g2 x  2f2 y  c 2  0
Let P(h, k) is a point and PA, PB are length of two tangents on the circles from point P. Then from

definition : h 2  k 2  2g1h  2f1k  c 1 = h2  k 2  2g2h  2f2k  c 2 or 2(g1  g2 ) h  2(f1  f2 ) k  c 1  c 2  0

∴ locus of (h, k) ⇒ 2x(g1 −g2 ) +2y(f1 −f2 )k +c1 −c 2 =0⇒ S 1 – S2 = 0

which is the equation of radical axis.

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 Circle

N. DIRECT AND TRANSVERSE COMMON TANGENTS

Let two circles having centre C1 and C2 and radii, r1 and r2 and C1C2 is the distance between their centres

then
(a) Both circles will touch :
(i) Externally : If c1c2 = r1 + r2 i.e. the distance between
P T
their centres is equal to sum of their radii and point P C1 C2
divides C1C2 in the ratio r1 : r2 (internally). In this case
there will be three common tangents.

(ii) Internally : If C1C2 = |r1 – r2| i.e. the distance be-

tween their centres is equal to difference between their C2 P
C1
radii and point P divides C1C2 in the ratio r1 : r2 exter-
nally and in this case there will be
only one common tangent.

r
(b) The circles will intersect : when |r1 – r2| < C1C2 < r1 + r2

(c) The circles will not intersect :

Si
in this case there will be two common tangents. C1 C2

(i) One circle will lie inside the other circle if C1C2 < |r1 – r2|
.B
In this case there will be no common tangent.
(ii) When circle are apart from each other the C1C2 > r1 + r2
and in this case there will be four common tangents.
G

Lines PQ and RS are called transverse or indirect or

R
internal common tangents and these lines meet line A
Q
C1C2 on T1 and T1 divides the line C1C2 in the ratio r1 : r2
B
P
@

internally and lines AB & CD are called direct or exter- T2

nal common tangents. These lines meet C1C2 pro-
C1 T1 C2 D
duced on T2. Thus T2 divides C1C2 externally in the S
C
ratio r1 : r2. P

Note : Length of direct common tangent = (C1C 2 )2  (r1  r2 ) 2

Length of transverse common tangent = (C1C2 )2  (r1  r2 ) 2

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 1. If a be the radius of a circle which touches x-axis 10. The greatest distance of the point P(10, 7) from the
at the origin, then its equation is circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 2y – 20 = 0 is
(A) x2 + y2 + ax = 0 (B) x2 + y2 ± 2ya = 0 (A) 5 (B) 15
(C) x + y ± 2xa = 0 (D) x2 + y2 + ya = 0
2 2
(C) 10 (D) none of these

2. The equation of the circle passing through (3, 6) 11. The parametric coordinates of any point on the circle
and whose centre is (2, –1) is x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y = 0 are
(A) x2 + y2 – 4x + 2y = 45 (B) x2 + y2 – 4x – 2y + 45 = 0
(A) (–2 + 2cos, –2 + 2 sin )
(C) x2 + y2 + 4x – 2y = 45 (D) x2 + y2 – 4x + 2y + 45 = 0
(B) (2 + 2cos, 2 + 2 sin)
3. The equation of a circle which passes through the (C) (2 + 2 2 cos, 2 + 2 2 sin)
three points (3, 0) (1, –6), (4, –1) is (D) none of these
(A) 2x2 + 2y2 + 5x – 11y + 3 = 0
(B) x2 + y2 – 5x + 11y – 3 = 0
12. Cartesian equations of a circle whose parametric
(C) x2 + y2 + 5x – 11y + 3 = 0 equation are x = – 7 + 4 cos q, y = 3 + 4 sin q is -
(D) 2x2 + 2y2 – 5x + 11y – 3 = 0
(A) (x + 7)2 + (y – 3)2 = 16
(B) (x – 7)2 + (y – 3)2 = 16
4. B and C are fixed point having co-ordinates (3, 0)
(C) (x – 7)2 + (y + 3)2 = 16
and (–3, 0) respectively. If the vertical angle BAC
is 90º, then the locus of the centroid of the ABC (D) (x + 7)2 + (y + 3)2 = 16
has the equation
13. The length of the tangent drawn from the point

r
(A) x2 + y2 = 1 (B) x2 + y2 = 2
2 2
(C) 9(x + y ) = 1 (D) 9(x2 + y2) = 4 (2, 3) to the circles 2(x2 + y2) – 7x + 9y – 11 = 0.

5. y = 3x + c1 & y = 3x + c2 are two parallel

Si
tangents of a circle of radius 2 units, then |c1 – c2| is
equal to 14.
(A) 18
(C) 14
(B) 14
(D) 28

The point from which the tangents to the circles

.B
(A) 8 (B) 4 x2 + y2 – 8x + 40 = 0, 5x2 + 5y2 – 25 x + 80 = 0
(C) 2 (D) 1 x2 + y2 – 8x + 16y + 160 = 0 are equal in length is
 15   15 
6. If (6, –3) is the one extremity of diameter to the (A)  8,  (B)  -8, 
G

 2  2 
circle x2 + y2 – 3x + 8y – 4 = 0 then its other ex-
tremity is -  15 
(A) (3/2, –4) (B) (–3, –5) (C)  8, -  (D) none of these
 2 
@

(C) (3, –5) (D) (3, 5)

15. Two perpendicular tangents to the circle
x2 + y2 = a2 meet at P. Then the locus of P has the
7. If y = 2x + K is a diameter to the circle
equation-
2(x2 + y2) + 3x + 4y –1 = 0, then K equals
(A) x2 + y2 = 2a2 (B) x2 + y2 = 3a2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) x2 = y2 = 4a2 (D) None of these
(C) 2 (D) 1/2
16. The locus of the mid-points of the chords of
8. x + my + n = 0 is a tangent line to the circle the circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y – 11 = 0 which
x2 + y2 = r2 , if subtend 60º at the centre is
(A) 2 + m2 = n2 r2 (B) 2 + m2 = n2 + r2 (A) x2 + y2 – 4x – 2y – 7 = 0
(C) n2 = r2(2 + m2) (D) none of these (B) x2 + y2 + 4x + 2y – 7 = 0
(C) x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y – 7 = 0
9. If y=c is a tangent to the circle x2+y2–2x+2y–2 =0 at (D) x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y + 7 = 0
(1, 1), then the value of c is
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) –1 (D) –2

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17. Find the locus of mid point of chords of circle 24. Tangents are drawn to the circle x2 + y2 = 1 at the
x2 + y2 = 25 which subtends right angle at origin- points where it is met by the circles.
(A) x2 + y2 = 25/4 (B) x2 + y2 = 5 x2 + y2 – ( + 6)x + (8 – 2)y – 3 = 0,  being the
(C) x2 + y2 = 25/2 (D) x2 + y2 = 5/2 variable. The locus of the point of intersection of
these tangents is
18. The locus of the centres of the circles such that (A) 2x – y + 10 = 0 (B) x + 2y – 10 = 0
the point (2, 3) is the mid point of the chord (C) x – 2y + 10 = 0 (D) 2x + y – 10 = 0
5x + 2y = 16 is
25. (6, 0), (0, 6) and (7, 7) are the vertices of a
(Α) 2x – 5y + 11 = 0 (B) 2x + 5y – 11 = 0
(C) 2x + 5y + 11 = 0 (D) none triangle. The circle inscribed in the triangle has
the equation
(A) x2 + y2 – 9x + 9y + 36 = 0
19. Pair of tangents are drawn from every point on the
(B) x2 + y2 – 9x – 9y + 36 = 0
line 3x + 4y = 12 on the circle x2 + y2 = 4. Their
(C) x2 + y2 + 9x – 9y + 36 = 0
variable chord of contact always passes through a (D) x2 + y2 – 9x – 9y – 36 = 0
fixed point whose co-ordinates are
 4 3  3 3 26. The equation to the circle whose radius is 4
(A)  ,  (B)  , 
 3 4   4 4 and which touches the negative x-axis at a
 4 distance 3 units from the origin is
(C) (1, 1) (D) 1, 
 3 (A) x2 + y2 – 6x + 8y – 9 = 0
(B) x2 + y2 ± 6x – 8y + 9=0

r
20. Equation of the circle touching the circle
(C) x2 + y2 + 6x ± 8y + 9 = 0
x 2 +y 2 −15x +5y =0 at the point (1, 2) and

passing through the point (0, 2) is

Si27.
(D) x2 + y2 ± 6x – 8y – 9=0

If a circle of constant radius 3k passes through the

origin ‘O’ and meets co-ordinate axes at A and B
(A) 13x +13y −13x −61y +70 =0
2 2
.B
then the locus of the centroid of the triangle OAB
(B) x 2 +y 2 +2x =0 is
(A) x2 + y2 = (2k)2 (B) x2 + y2 = (3k)2
(C) 13x 2 +13y 2 −13x −61y +9 =0 2 2
(C) x + y = (4k) 2
(D) x2 + y2 = (6k)2
G

(D) none of these

28. The lines 2x – 3y = 5 and 3x – 4y = 7 are diameters
21. If the circle x2 + y2 = 9 touches the circle of a circle having area as 154 sq. units. Then the
@

x2 + y2 + 6y + c = 0, then c is equal to equation of the circle is

(A) –27 (B) 36 (A) x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y = 62
(B) x2 + y2 + 2x – 2y = 62
(C) –36 (D) 27
(C) x2 + y2 + 2x – 2y = 47
(D) x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y = 47
22. The equation of three circles are given x2 +y2 =1,
x2 + y2 – 8x + 15 = 0, x2 + y2 + 10y +24 = 0. 29. If the pair of line ax2 + 2(a + b)xy + by2 = 0 lie along
Determine the coordinates of the point P such that diameters of a circle and divide the circle into
the tangents drawn from it to the circles are equal four sectors such that the area of one of the
in length. sectors is thrice the area of another sector then –
(A) (2, –5/2) (B) (–2, –5/2) (A) 3a2 – 10ab + 3b2 = 0
(C) (2, 5/2) (D) (3, –5/3) (B) 3a2 – 2ab + 3b2 = 0
(C) 3a2 + 10ab + 3b2 = 0
23. Two given circles x2 + y2 + ax + by + c = 0 and (D) 3a2 + 2ab + 3b2 = 0
x2 + y2 + dx + ey + f = 0 will intersect each other
orthogonally, only when- 30. If the lines 3x – 4y – 7 = 0 and 2x – 3y – 5 = 0 are
(A) ad + be = c + f (B) a + b + c = d + e + f two diameters of a circle of area 49p square
(C) ad + be = 2c+2f (D) 2ad + 2be = c + f units, the equation of the circle is -
(A) x2 + y2 + 2x – 2y – 62 = 0
(B) x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y – 62 = 0
(C) x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y – 47 =0
(D) x2 + y2 + 2x – 2y – 47 = 0
31. A variable circle passes through the fixed point 37. The length of the diameter of the circle which
A(p, q) and touches the x-axis. The locus of the touches the x-axis at the pint (1, 0) and passes
other end of the diameter through A is through the point (2, 3) [AIEEE-2012]
(A) 6/5 (B) 5/3
(A) (x - p) 2 = 4qy (B) (x - q) 2 = 4py
(C) 10/3 (D) 3/5
(C) (y - p) 2 = 4qx (D) (y - q) 2 = 4px
38. The circle passing through (1, –2) and touching the
axis of x at (3, 0) also passes through the point :
[JEE-MAIN 2013]
32. The centre of the circle touching the y-axis at (0, 3)
(A) (5, –2) (B) (–2, 5)
and making an intercept of 2 units on the positive x-
(C) (–5, 2) (D) (2, –5)
axis is


(A) 10, 3  (B)  3,10  39. Let C be the circle with centre at (1, 1) and radius
= 1. If T is the circle centred at (0, y), passing
(C)  10,3  
(D) 3, 10  through origin and touching the circle C externally,
then the radius of T is equal to: [JEE-MAIN 2014]

33. A circle touches a straight line lx + my + n = 0 3 3

(A) (B)
and cuts the circle x2 + y2 = 9 orthogonally, The 2 2
locus of centres of such circles is 1 1

r
(A) (lx + my + n)2 = (l2 + m2) (x2 + y2 – 9) (C)
2
(D)
4
(B) (lx + my – n)2 = (l2 + m2) (x2 + y2 – 9)

34.
(C) (lx + my + n)2 = (l2 + m2) (x2+ y2 + 9)
(D) none of these

The locus of the centre of a circle which

Si 40. The number of common tangents to the circles
x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 12 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 6x +
18y + 26 = 0, is :
[JEE-MAIN 2015]
.B
touches externally the circle, x2 + y2 – 6x – 6y +
14 = 0 and also touches the y-axis is given by the (A) 3 (B) 4
equation (C) 1 (D) 2
(A) x2 – 6x – 10y + 14 = 0
(B) x2 – 10x – 6y + 14 = 0
G

(C) y2 – 6x – 10y + 14 = 0 41. If one of the diameters of the circle, given by

(D) y2 – 10x – 6y+14 = 0 the equation, x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y – 12= 0, is a
chord of a circle S, whose centre is at (–3, 2), then
@

 1  1  1  1
35. If  a,  ,  b,  ,  c,  &  d,  are four dis- the radius of S is : [JEE-MAIN 2016]
 a  b  c   d
tinct points on a circle of radius 4 units then, abcd = (A) 5 3 (B) 5
(A) 4 (B) 1/4 (C) 10 (D) 5 2
(C) 1 (D) 16

36. The locus of the mid points of the chords of

the circle x2 + y2 – ax – by = 0 which subtend a right

a b
angle at  ,  is
 2 2
(A) ax + by = 0
(B) ax + by = a2 + b2
a 2  b2
(C) x2 + y2 – ax – by + =0
8

a 2  b2
(D) x2 + y2 – ax – by – =0
8

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