7/8

TLE- EPAS
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
APPLYING QUALITY
STANDARDS (AQS)
TLE- EPAS 7/8
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Applying Quality Standards (AQS)
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Herminigildo M. Peñera, Jr. & Arvin R. Calimlim
Editors: Roel R. Dorado & Romulus N. Tangpos
Reviewers: Martin I. Diaz
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Mac Andrew M. Solano & Lawrence C. Aduca
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Miguel F. Fillalan – Schools Division Superintendent
Levi B. Butihen – Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-Ug – REPS, ADM
Gilda O. Orendain- REPS, EPP/TLE
Arlene Rosa G. Arquiza – CID Chief
Ma. Dianne Joy dela Fuente-OIC- In Charge of LRMS
Jesus V. de Gracia- Division ADM Coordinator
Virgie T. Metal- EPS, EPP/TLE

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Region

Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 7/8

TLE- EPAS
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
APPLYING QUALITY
STANDARDS (AQS)
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the TLE- EPAS 7/8 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Applying Quality
Standard (AQS)!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

Although this module is self-instructional,
a teacher should still be watchful in any
way she can and be flexible to individual
learner under his/her supervision.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to TLE- EPAS 7/8 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Applying Quality

Standard (AQS).
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

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At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this

module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the (Exploratory of Electronic Products Assembly and Servicing). The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module consists of one learning outcome:

 LO1 – Assess quality of received materials or components
(Code: TLE_IAEPAS9-12AQS-Ia-1)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. obtain work instructions in accordance with standard operations;
2. carry out work in accordance with standard operation procedure;
3. check received materials or component parts against workplace standards
and specifications;
4. isolate faults and faulty materials to the supervisors concerned in accordance
with workplace procedure;
5. record and/or report faults and faulty materials to the supervisor concerned
in accordance with workplace procedure; and
6. replace faulty materials and components in accordance with
workplace procedures.

What I Know

Directions: Read and choose the letter of your answer. Use the activity sheet for
your answer.

1. How many cable pairs are there in a Cat 5e cable?

a.) 2
b.) 4
c.) 6
d.) 8

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2. What standard cable is used to connect a computer to a monitor?
a. IDE
b. VGA
c. LCD
d. SATA

3. What is the most common power connector is used for hard drives and
optical drives?
a.) IDE
b.) LCD
c.) UTP
d.) SATA

4. Why is HDMI known as a high-quality multimedia interface?

a. because it sends both audio and video signal
b. because it is compatible with older version
c. because it is used to connect storage devices into motherboard
d. because it is used to set up local area network

5. What form is sometimes use as an invoice when working with

external customers.
a. work order form
b. electronic work instruction
c. job order form
d. Form 137

6. What document should be given to the customer describing the work to be

completed or the products to be manufactured?
a. job order form
b. work order form
c. purchase order
d. electronic work instruction
7. What type of wire is commonly used in building wiring installation?
a. THHN/THWN
b. UTP
c. AGP
d. STP

8. Why is stranded conductor cable easily bent?

a. because of its conductor ampacity.
b. because of its insulating material.
c. because of its flexibility
d. because of its temperature coefficient.

9. What is safety checklist?

a. a document used during safety inspections for the identification of
potential hazards.

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 b. a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers
c. a list of yes-no questions
d. a question-and-answer fact sheet covering a wide range of workplace

10. How do you troubleshoot electronic components in the circuit?

a. Check for the exploded or burnt parts of the circuit by seeing and
smelling them.
b. Use the principle of Ohm’s law.
c. Read the user’s manual.
d. All of the above.

11. what do safety precautions checklist provide?

a. practical training in safety awareness
b. maximize hazard at the workplace
c. references the commitment to work practices
d. provide method for supervisors

12. A product has a safety defect if.

a. it does not meet the standard
b. it does not meet the level of safety the public is entitle to expert
c. if the user is uncomfortable
d. if the customer complains

13. which is a possible defect of a product?

a. promotion defect
b. art defect
c. manufacturing defect
d. line defect

14. what is a defect in manufacturing?

a. when the product did meet customer expectation
b. when the product did meet customer satisfaction
c. when the product fades
d. when the product defect from its interested design

15. what is the common fault of a capacitor?

I. oil leakage
II. internal sound is abnormal
III. expansion of the shell
IV. temperature rise of the shell is 60o Celsius

a. I, II & III
b. I, III & IV
c. II, III & IV
d. I, II & IV

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 Lesson
Applying Quality
1 Standards (AQS)
This lesson was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you in
Electronic Product Assembly and Servicing acquire the important knowledge and
skills in obtaining work instructions in accordance with standard operations and
become acquainted with specification of materials and components this will serve as
your tool in performing actual applying quality standard on materials and
components and its specification needed to complete the work and transfer the
skill/knowledge gained into real life situation.

What’s In

Activity 1. “Logo Loco”

Direction: Name at least 20 logos shown below. Write your answer on the
activity sheet.

Activity 2. Name My Products!

Direction: Give at least 3 products of the following manufacturing companies. Write

your answer on the activity sheet.

UNILEVER PROCTOR & GAMBLE SAN MIGUEL FOOD JOLLIBEE SAMSUNG

PRODUCTS

1. ____________ 1. ____________ 1. ____________ 1. ____________ 1. ____________

2. ____________
2. ____________ 2. ____________ 2. ____________ 2. ____________
3. ____________
3. ____________ 3. ____________ 3. ____________ 3. ____________

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 What’s New

Activity 3: “Matching Galing”

Direction: Match the pictures in column A with their names in column B. Write
only the letter of your answer in your activity sheet.

Column A Column B

1.
a) IDE

2.
b) Resistor

3.
c) Diode Checking

4.
d) DVI

5.
e) Damaged Resistor

6.
f) Work Order Template

7. g) AGP

8.
h) Coaxial Cable

9.
i) UTP

10.
j) Damaged Capacitor

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 What is It

Electronic Work Instructions

Clear work instructions are instrumental in improving the efficiency of your shop
floor. Traditionally, workers have followed printed lists of step-by-step directions, but
these are often cumbersome and difficult to keep current.

There is a better way. It’s called electronic work instructions (EWI) software. Unlike
the paper-based method, EWI software includes visual tools in the form of videos,
images, and even 3D visualization and simulation software to make learning more
interactive and pleasant.

With EWI, operators aren’t just following instructions, they’re able to view realistic
animations of each step, practice multiple scenarios and sometimes even improve
things right on the spot.

How do electronic work instructions (EWI) help?

Manufacturers in various industries use EWI to:

 provide clear and repeatable instructions;

 improve collaboration between the shop floor and engineering teams;
 communicate changes immediately upon approval;
 adopt culture of continuous improvement;
 correct errors in real time;
 save considerable time creating and modifying documents;
 ensure the latest instructions are being used;
 collect and consolidate data more effectively;
 easily create training material;
 reduce training time; and
 reduce waste, errors and delays.

How does electronic work instructions (EWI) work?

Electronic Work Instruction (EWI) solutions replace paper versions of work

instructions with digital files.

Engineers and supervisors document the best way to do each job. Then, they upload
documents, pictures, videos and 3D illustrations to share best practices. If needed,
they can also customize the approval process.

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All machine operators and other shop floor workers have to do is access them on a
computer, tablet or mobile device.

Sample template of Work Order:

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 ← Use the “Requested By” section for both
external and internal work orders
← May need to change, remove, or re-
label this for internal work orders
← Enter a Department name for internal work
orders
← Enter a Building or Room number for
internal work orders

← Place an "X" in the Taxed column if the

amount is Taxable

← This sums the amounts with an "X" in the

Taxed column
← Enter the tax rate to be applied to the
Taxable amount
← Total calculated tax
← Enter Shipping and Handling charges here
← e.g. Change label to "Discount" and enter a
negative number

← Use this line to show that the work was

completed or delivered

The work order template captures customer and job information and summarizes
labor and materials used to complete the jobs. Totals and taxes are calculated
automatically; all you have to enter are quantities, unit costs, tax rates and other
charges.

A work order, also known as a job order, job ticket, work ticket or service ticket is a
document received by an organization from an external customer, or another
department internal to that organization, describing work to be completed and/or
products to be purchased or manufactured. Work order forms are usually
customized to include more details than a basic purchase order. A work order is
sometimes used as an invoice when working with external customers.

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Below are descriptions of some fields used in work orders:
[Company Name / Logo]: Enter your company name and/or insert an image for
your logo.
Bill To: The name and address of the customer that will be billed for this work. This
information is usually tied to a specific Customer ID, while the Ship To field
may be different.
Ship To: The name and address where the finished products will be shipped to.
W.O.#: A unique Work Order number used to identify the job. You should indicate
on your work order form that all correspondence should include the WO #.
Job: A description of the issue or job with enough details to complete the job. In the
Advanced work order form, you can enter a short general description, followed
by a more detailed description that might identify the brand/make/model of
the item to be serviced.
Qty (Quantity): This column can be used to enter the number of hours or amount of
parts or materials used for the job.
Taxed: The basic work order form includes a column for indicating (by entering an
"x") which line items are taxable.
Tax Rate: Consult your local and state tax laws to determine how labor and/or sales
should be taxed. The advanced work order template lets you set a different tax
rate for labor and materials.
Taxable: The basic work order template calculates the sum of the amounts that are
taxable. The tax is then calculated by multiplying the Taxable amount by the
Tax Rate.
Other: The last field before the total can be used for including a discount or other
types of charges. You should change the label to "Discount" or something that
describes what the charge is for.
Sample of Job Order Template:

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A job order contains information about a certain task to be completed by an
organization. It may refer to the manufacture of products. Alternatively, it may also
be for the services of a company. It is also known as a work order form. The
document may be provided by a client or external customer. On the other hand, it
may also be generated internally by another department of an organization. It
contains all the required information about the demanded task. For instance, it
mentions the required labor and material for the completion of the job. Moreover, the
financial details are also mentioned including taxes and the total cost. For external
clients, the form may also be used an invoice.

SPECIFICATION OF MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

VGA (VIDEO GRAPHICS ARRAY) Created way

back in the 1980’s, the VGA connection cable was
the standard cable used to connect a computer to
a monitor. More recently, it has faded out of
popularity due to the gradual shift towards digital
connections over analog. Still, if you look on any
video card or display apparatus, there is a good
chance you’ll see a VGA port. VGA connections can
be identified by 15 pins arranged in 3 rows with 5
on each row. Each row corresponds to the 3
different color channels used in display: red, green,
and blue.
DVI (DIGITAL VISUAL INTERFACE)
The DVI connection became the successor to VGA
as technology moved away from analog towards
digital. Digital displays, like LCD, proved to be
higher quality, which soon became the market
standard for home pictures. DVI connectors come
in 3 varieties. DVI-A can transmit analog signals,
allowing it to be backwards compatible with VGA
(useful for CRT monitors and LCDs of lower
quality). DVI-D can transmit the newer digital
signals. DVI-I is capable of both analog and digital.
In certain cases, you may need a VGA-to-DVI or
DVI-to-VGA converter cable.
HDMI (HIGH DEFINITION MULTIMEDIA INTERFACE) In
the past decade, high-definition broadcasts became
the new standard of what it means to be high quality.
Unlike VGA and DVI, HDMI sends both video and
audio signals together. The signals are digital only;
thus, HDMI is only compatible with newer devices.
HDMI connectors come in 4 types: Type A is the most
popular. This connector can be identified by its 19
pins on the male head. Type A is compatible with
single-link DVID connections. Type B is larger than

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Type A, coming in at 29 pins on the male head. Type
B is compatible with dual-link DVI-D connections.
Type C is a 19-pin connector that’s most often used
with portable devices, like camcorders and digital
cameras. Type D looks similar to a micro-USB cord. It
also has 19 pins.
USB (UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS) From left to right:
micro USB, mini USB, type B standard USB, and type
A standard USB (both female and male). The USB
connection is quite possibly the most pervasive
connection type in today’s world. Nearly every form of
computer peripheral device — keyboards, mice,
headsets, flash drives, wireless adapters, etc. — can
be connected to your computer through a USB port.
The design has evolved over the years, which means
there are multiple versions of USB available: USB
1.0/1.1 can transmit data at speeds up to 12 Mbps.
USB 2.0 can transmit data at speeds up to 480 Mbps
and is compatible with older versions of USB. At the
time of this article, USB 2.0 is the most common type
found in the market. USB 3.0 can transmit data at
speeds up to 4.8 Gbps. It is compatible with previous
versions of USB. The mini and micro USB variants are
most often used with smaller, portable devices like
PDAs, phones, and digital cameras. The standard
USB connectors are more often used on devices that
tend to remain plugged in, like external hard drives,
keyboards, and mice.
IDE (INTEGRATED DRIVE ELECTRONICS) IDE
cables were used to connect storage devices to a
motherboard. If you’ve ever opened up an old hard
drive then you likely know what an IDE connector
looks like. It’s the wide cable that looks like a ribbon
with more than 2 plugs. The connectors on an IDE
cable have 40 pins; the smaller 2.5” drive variety uses
a form-factor version of the IDE that has 44 pins.
SATA (SERIAL ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
ATTACHMENT)
Newer hard drives will likely use SATA ports over IDE
ports. In fact, SATA was designed to succeed IDE, and
it has. Compared to IDE, SATA provides higher data
transfer speeds. Your motherboard needs to be
compatible with SATA, and nowadays most of them
are. A standard SATA cable can be identified by two
connectors, each having 7 pins and an empty notch.
It looks like a subtle L-shape.

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ESATA (EXTERNAL SERIAL ADVANCED
TECHNOLOGY ATTACHMENT) -
eSATA technology is an extension of, or improvement
on, the SATA cable — it makes SATA technology
available in an external form. In reality, eSATA is not
much different from SATA, but it allows connections
to devices like external hard drives and optical drives.
This is useful because eSATA offers speeds much
faster than most FireWire and USB alternatives.
FIREWIRE- The purpose of FireWire is similar to that
of USB: high speed data transfer for computer
peripherals. High bandwidth devices, like printers
and scanners, will benefit from FireWire. For whatever
reason, FireWire is not as widespread as USB.
FireWire cables come in two forms: 1394a (which has
a transfer speed of 400 Mbps) and 1394b (which has
a transfer speed of 800 Mbps).
ETHERNET cables are used to set up local area
networks. In most cases, they’re used to connect
routers to modems and computers. If you’ve ever tried
to install or fix a home router, you’ve likely dealt with
an Ethernet computer cable. Nowadays, they come in
three varieties: Cat 5 cables are the most basic type
and provide speeds of either 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps.
Cat 5e, which means Cat 5 Enhanced, allows for
faster data transmission than its predecessor. It caps
at 1,000 Mbps. Cat 6 is the latest and offers the best
performance of the three. It’s capable of supporting 10
Gbps speeds.
RESISTOR A resistor is a passive two-terminal
electrical component that implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits,
resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust
signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements,
and terminate transmission lines, among other uses.

CAPACITOR Its function is to store the electrical

energy and give this energy again to the circuit when
necessary. In other words, it charges and discharges
the electric charge stored in it. Besides this, the
functions of a capacitor are as follows: It blocks the
flow of DC and permits the flow of AC.

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INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC) An integrated circuit
(IC), sometimes called a chip or microchip, is a
semiconductor wafer on which thousands or millions
of tiny resistors, capacitors, and transistors are
fabricated. An IC can function as an amplifier,
oscillator, timer, counter, computer memory, or
microprocessor.
DIODE The most common function of a diode is to
allow an electric current to pass in one direction
(called the diode's forward direction), while blocking
current in the opposite direction (the reverse
direction). Thus, the diode can be viewed as an
electronic version of a check valve.

TRANSISTOR is a semiconductor with a solid and

non-moving part to pass a charge. It can amplify and
switch electrical power and electronic signals.
Transistors are made of semiconductor material with
three or more terminals used to connect to an external
circuit.

Other types of wires/cable use in electronics

1. Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable

Shielded twisted-pair cable encases the signal-
carrying wires in a conducting shield as a means of
reducing the potential for electromagnetic
interference. How effective the shielding is depends
on the material used for the shield--its thickness and
frequency, the type of electromagnetic noise field, the
distance from the noise source to the shield, any
shield discontinuity and the grounding practices.
Also, crosstalk and signal noise can increase if the
effects of the shield are not compensated for.

2. Unshielded Twisted-Pair Cable

Unshielded twisted-pair cable does not rely on
physical shielding to block interference. It relies
instead on balancing and filtering techniques using
media filters, baluns or both. Noise is induced
equally on two conductors and is canceled out at the
receiver. With properly designed, manufactured and
installed UTP cable (like CAT6 UTP cable), the
network is easier to maintain than one in an STP
cable plant, with its shielding continuity and
grounding issues.

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3. Phone and Data Wire
Telephone and data wiring are low-voltage wires used
for “landline” telephones and internet hookups.
Telephone cable may contain four or eight wires.
Category 5 (Cat 5) cable, the most common type of
household data wiring, contains eight wires wrapped
together in four pairs. It can be used for both phone
and data transmission and offers greater capacity and
quality than standard phone wire.

4. Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cable is beginning to grow less common,
thanks to the use of other forms of data wiring, such
as HDMI, for television data transmission. Coaxial
cable is a round jacketed cable that features an inner
conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer,
surrounded by a tubular conducting shield made of
braided wire. It can be identified by the threaded
connectors that are used to make unions and device
hookups.

Coaxial cable was once the standard for connecting televisions to antenna or cable
service delivery and is still often used to connect satellite dishes or to bring
subscription television service to an in-home distribution point. It typically has
black or white insulation and is perfectly round in shape, making it easy to
distinguish from NM (Non-Metallic) electrical circuit cables.

5. THHN/THWN Wire
THHN and THWN are codes for the two most common
types of insulated wire used inside the conduit.
Unlike NM cable, in which two or more individual
insulated conductors are bundled inside a plastic
sheathing, THHN and THWN wires are single
conductors, each with its color-coded insulation.
Instead of being protected by NM cable sheathing,
these wires are protected by tubular metal or plastic
conduit.
Conduit is often used in unfinished areas, such as basements and garages, and for
short exposed runs inside the home, such as wiring connections for garbage
disposers and hot water heaters. The letters indicate specific properties of the wire
insulation:
 T: Thermoplastic
 H: Heat-resistant; HH means highly heat-resistant
 W: Rated for wet locations
 N: Nylon-coated, for added protection

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THHN and THWN wires have colored sheathings that are generally used to identify
their function in a circuit:

 Hot wires: Black, red, orange

 Neutral wires: White, brown
 Ground wires: Green, yellow-green

THHN and THWN wires are circuit wires that should never be handled when the
circuits are turned on.

ISOLATING FAULTS AND FAULTY MATERIALS

Different types of faulty electronic components or materials

Common fault in Resistor

Resistors are reliable components
and their rate of failure is very low.
Still, faults do occur. The most
common faults in resistors are an
open and producing noise.

Common fault of capacitor.

When the capacitor is found to be
one of the following conditions, the
power shall be cut off immediately.

a.) The expansion of the capacitor

shell or oil leakage.
b.) the internal sound of the
capacitor is abnormal.
c.) the temperature rise of the shell
is higher than 55 degree Celsius.

Common fault of diode.

If it happened in a power supply, a
large current can flow and obvious
damage occurs such as “cooked”
diodes and/or blown fuses. Short
circuit diodes that are not obviously
damaged show 0Ω or very low
resistance in both forward and
reverse directions.

19
What is the difference between nonconformity and defect?
- Nonconformity represents a failure to meet an intended state and
specification
- Defect represents a failure to meet fitness for use/normal usage
requirements

Two important considerations included in the requirements for

nonconformity.
1. Corrective action is that the actions taken need to be appropriate to the
magnitude of the problems and the environmental impacts encountered. This
means that you must consider the actions in light of how detrimental the
impacts are to the environment.
2. Preventive action is that the documentation in place for the environmental
management system needs to be changed, if necessary, due to the outcomes
of the corrections, corrective actions, and preventive actions.

What is a Defect in Manufacturing?

A defect in manufacturing is one that the manufacturer did not intend. A
manufacturing defect as occurring when "the product departs from its intended
design even though all possible care was exercised in the preparation and marketing
of the product."

This means that it does not matter how careful the manufacturer was when designing
products, choosing materials, creating the assembly line, and issuing quality
assurance guidelines. If a poorly manufactured product left the factory and caused
injury when used for any of its intended purposes due to the defect in manufacturing,
the manufacturer has to pay for any injuries.

Manufacturing defects are relatively uncommon in product liability law. While a

design defect affects every product made and a warning defect affects every product
sold, a manufacturing defect generally affects a limited number of united produced.
Manufacturing controls and regulatory oversight at production facilities normally
limit the number of defective products, and those that are defective can be easily
replaced.

When a product is defective and causes an injury, there are three types of
defects possible.
1) Design Defect: This basically means the whole product was designed poorly or
not properly tested, in which case all the products will likely be defective
and dangerous.
2) Manufacturing Defect: The product was designed fine, but the error or
dangerous aspect was introduced during the making of the product. Often
not all the products will be dangerous, just those with the problem caused
during manufacturing.

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3) Marketing Defect: The name of this is a little misleading because the problem
may not be contained within the scope of what most people consider marketing.
Instead, this defect is often seen in the warnings and instructions included with
a product - if the manufacturer fails to provide proper warning labels or clear
instructions to help consumers avoid injuries, they can be held liable.
Safety defects
A product has a safety defect if it does not meet the level of safety the public is
generally entitled to expect. While the expected level of safety will vary from case to
case, it is ultimately for a court to determine whether a product has a safety defect.

The court will take various factors into account when determining whether a product
has a safety defect, including:
 how and for what purposes the product has been marketed
 product packaging
 the use of any mark in relation to the product
 instructions and warnings for assembly and use
 what might reasonably be expected to be done with the product
 the time when the product was supplied.

Record and/or report materials to the supervisor concerned in accordance

with workplace procedures

Take a look at this sample safety inspection checklist.

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Safety Inspection Checklists
Even if safety inspections were not strongly recommended, they are an excellent way
for the department to reference the commitment to safe work practices, provide
practical training in safety awareness and minimize hazards at the workplace. These
inspections provide a systematic method for involving supervisors, employees, safety
coordinators, and/or safety committees in the process of eliminating workplace
hazards.

General Knowledge Safety Inspections

This method keeps you from getting stuck looking at the same things every time.
However, the effectiveness of this inspection method is dependent on the individual's
level of knowledge about workplace related safety practices. It is important to
document the results of the inspection and any action taken in resolving or
addressing safety hazards.

Risk Mapping Safety Inspections

This technique uses a map/drawing of the workplace or a list of steps in a process.
People in the group then tell the leader the hazards they recognize and where they
are located in the workplace or process. The leader uses different colors or symbols
to identify different types of hazards on the map or list of steps. This type of
inspection is valuable for involving all employees in identifying and resolving safety
hazards.

What’s More

Activity 3: “Cable to Be Able”. Direction: Using the activity sheet, complete the
table below by writing the name of the cable and its function.

Types of Resistor Name Usage or Function

22
Activity 5: “Build Me Up”

Direction: Every triangle below contains a premise. Fill in every square with a reason
to completely build a figure of a house and to come up with a sensible statement.

Job AGP
Work order cable is
sheet is form is commonly
important sometimes used used in computer
because… an invoice because… because…

Use
Record of inspec-
and report tion checklist
fault materials is important in
is important because… reporting because…

What I Have Learned

Activity No. 6: “Circuit of Life”

Direction: Below are different key words in an integrated circuit (IC) from the lesson
presented in this module. Choose five keys and briefly discuss each word you
choose. Write your answer in your activity sheet.

Inspection Safety
Job Order Work Sheet Inspection
Checklist

Integrated THHN/THWN
Safety Inspection Resistor
Circuits Wire

Cable Transistor Ethernet Diode

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 What I Can Do

Activity No. 7: “Electronic SOS”

Direction: Imagine yourself as an electronic technician. Mrs. Dela Cruz called you
up to fix or troubleshoot problems of her electronic appliances. Record your
findings/actions in your activity sheet.

PROBLEMS FINDINGS/ACTIONS
1) You find out that the extension wire of
the washing machine becomes hot.
What do you think is the root cause of
this problem?
2) You find out that a worn-out
transmission cable affects the
reception of Mrs. Dela Cruz’s
television set? Why is this so?
3) You find out that some of the
components you purchased for Mrs.
Dela Cruz’s TV are damaged. What
steps will do?

OUTPUT RUBRIC

CRITERIA 5 4 3 2 1
complete, incomplete, not
complete, complete, incomplete,
accurate, so accurate, not
accurate, accurate, inaccurate, not
clearly so clearly
clearly clearly clearly
Content explained, explained,
explained, explained, explained,
intermediate beginner and
expert and very advanced and novice and not
and fairly not so
knowledgeable knowledgeable knowledgeable
knowledgeable knowledgeable
very well- well- less poorly
fairly-
coordinated, coordinated, coordinated, coordinated,
coordinated,
Process strongly moderately less efficient, inefficient,
efficient, and
efficient, and efficient, and and not and not
less precise
precise fairly precise precise precise
moderately
very fairly less not
informative,
informative, informative, informative, informative,
moderately
very fairly less not
Impact persuasive,
persuasive, persuasive, persuasive, persuasive,
and
and very and fairly and less and
moderately
satisfying satisfying satisfying unsatisfying
satisfying

NOTE: This RUBRIC will be used by teachers only in evaluating/scoring your

output.

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 Assessment

Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.
Write your chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is safety checklist?

a. a document used during safety inspections for the identification of
potential hazards.
b. a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers
c. a list of yes-no questions
d. a question-and-answer fact sheet covering a wide range of workplace

2. How do you troubleshoot electronic components in the circuit?

a. Check for the exploded or burnt parts of the circuit by seeing and
smelling them.
b. Use the principle of Ohm’s law.
c. Read the user’s manual.
d. All of the above.

3. What type of metallic cable can be used as power rate cable?

a. nonmetallic sheathed cable
b. coaxial cable
c. THHN/THWN
d. UTP cable

4. What device stores electrical charge?

a. Resistor
b. Capacitor
c. Transistor
d. Diode

5. It is a device used to reduce current flow.

a. Capacitor
b. Transistor
c. Resistor
d. Diode

6. What device is used to allow an electric current to pass in one direction?

a. Diode
b. Capacitor
c. Resistor
d. Integrated Circuit

25
7. What device is used to amplify electronic signals and electrical power?
a. Diode
b. Capacitor
c. Transistor
d. Resistor

8. Why is transistor important?

a. because it makes excellent electronic switches.
b. because it reduces current flow.
c. because it allows an electric current to pass in one direction.
d. because it stores electrical charge.

9. What small chip can function as an amplifier, oscillator, timer, microprocessor,

or even computer memory?
a. Transistor
b. Integrated Circuit
c. Diode
d. Resistor

10. How many cable pairs are there in a Cat 5e cable?

a.) 4
b.) 2
c.) 8
d.) 6

11. what do safety precautions checklist provide?

a. practical training in safety awareness
b. maximize hazards at the workplace
c. references the commitment to work practices
d. provide method for supervisors

12. A product has a safety defect if.

a. it does not meet the standard
b. it does not meet the level of safety the public is entitle to expert
c. if the user is uncomfortable
d. if the customer complains

13. which is a possible defect of a product?

a. promotion defect
b. art defect
c. manufacturing defect
d. line defect

14. what is a defect in manufacturing?

a. when the product did meet customer expectation
b. when the product did meet customer satisfaction

26
 c. when the product fades
d. when the product defect from its interested design

15. what is the common fault of a capacitor?

I. oil leakage
II. internal sound is abnormal
III. expansion of the shell
IV. temperature rise of the shell is 60 ◦ Celsius
a. I, II & III
b. I, III & IV
c. II, III & IV
d. I, II & IV

Additional Activities

Activity No. 8: “Have a Knack for These”

Direction: Answer the following questions as skillfully as you can. Write your
answer in the activity sheet provided.

1.) How do you troubleshoot electronic components?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2.) How will you identify an electronic component for replacement?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3.) What form will you used when accepting electronic job?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

27
 28
What I Know What's More Assessment
1. B 1. Coaxial cable. 1. A
2. B Use for connecting 2. A
3. A televisions to antenna 3. C
4. A or cable service 4. B
delivery and is still
5. C 5. C
often to used to
6. B connect satellite 6. A
7. A dishes. 7. C
8. A 2. UTP Cable. 8. A
9. A Use for both phone 9. B
10.A and data 10.A
11.A transmission. 11.A
12.B 3. Ethernet Cable. 12.B
13.C Use to set local area 13.C
14.D 4. SATA Cable. 14.D
15.A Provides higher data 15.A
transfer cable.
5. IDE Cable.
Used to connect storage
devices to the
motherboard.
Answer Key
References

https://www.bdc.ca/en/articles-tools/technology/operations-management-
software/pages/electronic-work-instructions.aspx Date Accessed- July 08, 2020

https://www.how-to-wire-it.com/romex-cable.html Date Accessed- July 08, 2020

https://www.slideshare.net/Rhyzen28/specification-of-materials-and-
components?from_action=save Date Accessed- July 08, 2020

https://www.vertex42.com/Files/download2/themed.php?file=work-order-template.xlsx
Date Accessed- July 08, 2020

https://www.doxhub.org/job-order-templates/ Date Accessed- July 08, 2020

file:///C:/Users/admin/Desktop/EPAS%20Exemplar/Common%20Types%20of%20Electrical
%20Wire%20Used%20in%20Homes.html Date Accessed- July 08, 2020

https://shopdelta.eu/twisted-pair-cable-utp-pfm920i-5eun-dahua_l2_p14647.html
Date Accessed- July 10, 2020

https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/multi-pair-telephone-wire-9423928155.html
Date Accessed- July 10, 2020

https://hscable.en.alibaba.com/product/731926568-
212855450/Nylon_Jacket_THHN_THWN_Electrical_Wire.html Date Accessed- July 10, 2020

https://www.cablewholesale.com/support/technical_articles/coaxial_corner.php
Date Accessed- July 11, 2020

https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Unshielded-Twisted-Pair-UTP-
cable_143870299.html Date Accessed- July 10, 2020

http://computernetworkingtopics.weebly.com/shielded-twisted-pair-stp-cable.html
Date Accessed- July 11, 2020

https://www.hg.org/legal-articles/three-types-of-product-defects-for-product-liability-
lawsuits-24105 Date Accessed- July 12, 2020

https://injury.findlaw.com/product-liability/defects-in-manufacturing.html Date Accessed-

July 12, 2020

https://www.robomart.com/blog/common-faults-resistors/ Date Accessed- July 11, 2020

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 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments,
and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: [email protected]

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