‫مراجع امتحان العظام‬

Apley's system of Orthopedics and Fractures, 8th Edition, 2001, Louis Solomon, David
Jwarwick, Selvadurai Nayagam / Arnold

Turek's Orthopaedics Principles and their Application, 5th Edition, Stuart L Weinstein,
Joseph A Burck Walter, JB Lippin Cott Company

Campbell's Operative Orthopedics, 11th Edition, 2007, S. Terry Canale and James H, Beat /
Mosby

Schwartz's principles of s
urgery, 8th Edition

Elbow. Posterolateral, Approach to the Radial Head, Surgical exposures in Orthopedics, 4th
Edition, 2009, Stanley Hoppenfeld, Piet DeBoer, Richard Buckley, Wolters kluwer
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Bailey and Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 24th Edition

Tuberculosis of the Skeletal System, Jan 1993, SM Tuli, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
(P) Ltd, New Delhi

Campbell's Operative Orthopedics, 7th Edition, S. Terry Canale and James H, Beaty / Mosby
Skeletal Trauma, 4th Edition, 2009, Browner BD, Levine AM, Jupiter JB / Elsevier

Pelvic ring disruptions, Skeletal Trauma, Basic Science Management, and Reconstruction,
3rd Edition, 2003, Bruce D Browner et al; / Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Science

Skeletal Trauma, 4th Edition, 2009, Browner BD, Levine AM, Jupiter JB, 2009 / Elsevier

Campbell's Operative Orthopedics, 10th Edition, S. Terry Canale and James H, Beaty /
Mosby

AO Principles of Fracture Management, 2nd Edition, 2007, Thomas P Ruedi, Richard E

Buckley, Christopher G Moran, Thieme New York

Orthopaedics Principles and their Application, 4th Edition, Samuel L. Turek, Lippin Cott –
Raven
 ‫نماذج اسئلة جراحة عظام‬
on standing apprent shortenning of the lower limb is considered

a.adduction contructure of the hip

b. abduction contructure of the hip

(A)

according to Wassel classification the most common type of thumb polydactyly is:

a.type 1 b.type 2 c.type 3 d. type 4

(d) 43% and the least type is type 1 (2%)

old age uses crutches may cause injury to:

a.axillary nerve b.median nerve. C.radial nerve d.ulnar nerve

(c) crutch palsy

in total knee replacement the propre allignment is :

a. 7degree varus in anatomical axis

b.7 degree valgus in anatomical axis

c. 7 degree varus in mechanical axis

d. neutral anatomical axis

(b) ???

Buttress plate is used in:

a. diaphyseal fracture

b. ****physeal fracture

c.****physeo-epiphyseal fracture

d.****physeo-diaphyseal fracture

(c)
tear drop fracture in cervical spine is caused by:

a. flexion and compression mechanism

b. extension mechanism

c. hyperextension mechanism

d. compression mechanism

(a)

posterolateral L4-5 disc prolapse cause compression on ……………… nerve root.

a. L4 b. L5 c. S1 d. cauda equina

(b.)

osteosarcoma is malignant transformation of :

a.osteoid osteoma

b. osteo chondroma

c.Pajet's disease

d.giant cell tumor

(c)

morel lavallee syndrome occure in

a.pelvic fracture

b.spine fracture

c.femoral shaft fracture

(a)

4ys child with perthe's dis. +irritable hip + adductor contructure managed by

a.skin traction
b. adduction brace

c. cheilectomy

d. femoral osteotomy

(a)

ender nails is considered:

a. cephalo-medullary

b.centro-medullary

c.condylo-cephalic

d.interlocking

(c)

to gain stability the distance from the proximal one of the 2 distal screws of the interlocking nail and
the fracture must be at least:

a. 2cm

b.4cm

c. 6cm

d. 8cm

(a)

Adult patient with # shaft humerus and closed reduction was done and on doing the post reduction
x-ray there were 20 degree rotation and 15 degree medial angulation and 2.5 cm shortenning we
should do:

a.repeat the reduction

b. continue on the brace

c. open reduction and internal fixation

d. closed reduction and interlocking nail

(b) ??
9ys child with dis******** of the head radius 5 months ago + pain and limitation of movement of
the elbow joint treated by

a. open reduction and annular ligament reconstruction

b. open reduction and recostruction of the lateral collateral lig.

c.open reduction and ulnar osteotomy

d. closed reduction and cast

(c)

bone is formed of collagen type

a. 1 b. 2 c.3 d.4

(a)

all of the following are tests of nerve irritation except:

a. flip test

b.cotralateral nerve strech test.

c. Patrick test

d.Lassegue test

(c)

as regard ischemic index diabetic foot or amputation is expected to heel whenthe index is:

a. 0.6

b. less than 0.5

c. less than 0.4

d. less than 0.3

(a)

adult patient with fracture shaft ulna 6 months ago and treated with closed reduction and cast now
there is sill pain in the fracture site and x-ray show hypertrophic nonunion treated by:
a. continue on the cast

b. fixation by plate without bone graft

c. fixation with plate and iliac crest bone graft

d. closed reduction and interlocking nail.

(c)

the most common complication of ilizarov in treatment of comminuted fracture tibial platuea is

a. knee stiffness

b. pin tract infection

c. septic arthritis

b))

indication of open reduction and internal fixation in tibial platue fracture when the displacement in
the articular surface is:

a. 2mm

b. 5mm

c.10mm

d. 15mm

(b)

after trauma to the knee the patient examined in prone position and there is increased external
rotation of the knee in 30 degree and 90 degree flexion thus he has:

a. PCL injury

b. PCL and posterolateral corner injury

c. meniscal tear

d. ACL injury

(b)
patient undergo trauma to the knee joint and on examination of the knee there is increadsed
external rotation of the knee in 30 degree and 90 degree of flexion thus he has ………. Also PCL and
posterolateral corner injury

the common defeciency occure in which trace element in total parenteral infusion:

a. calcium

b. barium

c. zinc

d. magnesium

(c)

for pollicization of the index finger in child with hypoplastic thumb we require:

a. stable 1st carpo-****carpal joint

b.stable 2nd ****charpo-phalyngeal joint

c. functioning interphalyngeal joint of the index finger

d. good thenar ms.

(a) ??

in AC dis******** the desplacement of the clavicle occure when

A. disruption in AC lig.

b. disruption in CoracoClavicular lig.

c.Disruption in Coraco acromial lig.

(a)

the common unusual organism cause osteomylitis in drug abusers is

a. staph. Aureus

b. strep. Coccus

c. pseudomonus arogenusa
(c)

in chronic SCFE the best treatment is

a.Closed reduction and fixation

b. open reduction and fixation

c. fixation in situ

d. leave it

(c)

the normal notch index is

a.0.231

b. 0.312

c. 0.132

d. 0.321

(a)

after THR surgery by 5 days and on follow up x-ray there was small island of heterotropic bone
around the joint in asymptomatic patient the treatment is

a. radiotherapy

b. open surgery and removal

c. indomethacin 75mg /day

d, reassurance and observation

(c) ??

. newborn with bilateral talipes equino varus the treatment should started :

a. immediatily

b. after 6 months

c. after one year

d. after 2 years

(a)

loss of function may occur when we do repair in flexor tendon in which area:

a. insertion of FDS

b. from the distal palmer crease to the site of in sertion of FDS

c. carpal tunnel

d. proximal to carpal tunnel

(b)

. in trendlenburg test the trunk:

a. sway on the affected side and the pelvis drops on the opposite side

b. sway on the opp. Side and the pelvis drops on the aff. Side

c. sway on the aff. Side and the pelvis drops on the aff. Side

d. sway on the opp. Side and the pelvis drops on the opp. Side.

(a)

. in buttress plate all is true except:

A. it negates the shearing and compression force

b. used in ****physeo-epiphyseal fracture

c.contouring is a must

d. it is anchoured on the most stable fragment and the fragment that it support

(a)

. what is the cause of this case

Serum ca …… normal

Serum phosphate….. decreased

Urine ca…… decreased

Urine phosphate ………. Increased

Alkaline phosphatase …….. increased

A renal disfunction

B gene mutation

c. malabsortion syn.

d. thyroid adenoma

(b) the cause of hypophosphatemic rickets

.fracture neck talus and fixed by screws and after 8 weeks there is radiolucent area appeared near
the dome what is the cause?

a.non union

b. infection

c. good revascularization

(c)

. according to Hawkin classification fracture talus + dis******** in ankle joint is

a.type 1

b. type 2

c. type 3

d. type 4

(c)

50ys old patient diabetic and smoker with thickness in the palmer facia and flexion of the little and
ring finger and thin subcutaneous facia treated by

a. subcutaneous fasciactomy

b. partial fasciactomy

c. complete fasciactomy
d. ambutation

(b)

26years old military man after walking for 36 km he suffered from pain in the left thigh and did AP &
Lateral x-ray on the hip and thigh and where normal what is the common missed diagnosis?

A, quadriceps ms rupture

b. stress fracture

c, osteosarcoma

d. infection

(b)

after THR surgery by 5 days the patient suffered from sever pain in the thigh and calf ms ,redness
and fever and diffuse edeama in the leg but with normal walking the diagnosis is?

a. infection

b. DVT

c. dis******** of the joint

(b)

80years old patient suffered from four part fracture head of the humerus the traetment is

A. hemiarthroplasty

b.total shoulder replacement

c. reduction and fixation

d. conservative treatment

old patient suffered from polyarticular arthritis and arthritis in the DIP with no morning stiffness

a. rheumatoid arthritis

b. osteoarthritis

c. infection
d. TB

(b)

. spinal stenosis commonly occure in level

a. L3-4

b.L4-L5

c.L5-S1

d.L2-L3

adult with distal 1/3 fracture humerus and disruption in the distal radio-ulnar joint and swelling and
pain in the forearm treated by?

a. closed reduction and cast

b. open reduction and plate w screw

c. closed reduction and interlocking nail

d. open reduction and interlocking nail

(b) ???

young adult patient suffers from long standing pain in the wrist joint and on x-ray examination there
was increased density of the lunate bone the diagnosis is ?

a. kein bock's dis.

b.kohler dis.

c.frieberg dis

d. sever's dis

(a)

the expected time of internal complete remodeling of bone transplant is

a. 6 ms

b. 1 year
c. 2 years

d. never

gait analysis ,computer and physical examination is important for outcome of surgery in

a. DDH

b. cerebral palsy

c. TEV

d.poliomylitis

young male patient suffers from chronic pain in his leg and swelling in the tibia the pain is relieved by
salcylate and on x-ray examination there was a nidus radiolucent area in the diaphysis serrounded by
sclerosis the diagnosis is

a. osteoid osteoma

b. pajets disease

c. osteo sarcoma

d. osteo chondroma

(a)

old patient treated from rheumatoid arthritis for along period he came to your clinic suffers from
burning pain and numbness in the thumb and the next two fingers the diagnosis is

a. carpal tunnel syndrome

b. ulnar nerve injury

(a)

The most common site for osteomyelitis is:

a. Epiphysis

b. Diaphysis

c. ****physis

d. Blood flow
The correct answer is c

The most important exogenous risk factor for osteoporosis is:

a. Alcohol intake

b. Age

c. Smoking

d. Lack of exercise

the correct answer is c

A boy felt down on his elbow , the lateral x-ray shows:

a. Anterior Pad sign

b. Posterior pad sign

c. Anterior line of humerous intersecting the cubilium

d. Radial line forming 90 degree with cubilium

the correct answer is A

70y male with osteoporosis the T score of bone densometry would be :

a. -3.5

b. -2.5

c. 1

d. 2

e. 3.5

What is the initial management for a patient newly diagnosed knee osteoarthritis.

a. Intra-articular corticosteroid. b. Reduce weight. c. Exercise. d. Strengthening of quadriceps muscle.

The correct answer is b

Which of the following is true regarding perths disease :

A. Commonly seen between 11-16 years of age .

B. Always unilateral .

C. May present by painless limp .

D. Characteristically affect the external rotation of hip .

E. More in female .

The correct answer is c

Patient was presented by back pain relieved by ambulation , what is the best initial treatment :

A. Steroid injection in the back .

B. Back bracing .

C. Physical therapy .

The correct answer is c

little finger , with atrophy of the hypothenar muscles , EMG showed cubital tunnel compression of
the ulnar nerve , what is your action now :

A. Ulnar nerve decompression .

B. Steroid injection .

C. CT scan of the spine .

The correct answer is a

Patient came after deep laceration at the anterior part of the wrist:

a. Wrist drop
b. Sensory loss only

c. Claw hand

d. Unable to do thumb opposition

The correct answer is d

1- Radial nerve injury : wrist drop , common with humers injury (humers groove)

2- Unlar nerve injury : claw hand , common with elbow injury

3- Median nerve inury :unable to do thumb opposition , common with wrist injury

Old lady afraid of Osteoprosis, to avoid the risk, you should advise her to do:

a) Weight bearing exercise

b) ?

c) ?

d) ?

Sickle cell anemia patient presented with asymptomatic unilateral hip pain, most likely diagnosis is:

a) Septic arthritis

b) Avascular Necrosis

c) ?

The correct answer is b

Best way to decrease pain in elderly with bilateral knee pain and crepitation is:

a) NSAID

b) Decrease weight

c) Exercise

d) ?
The correct answer is b , (I'm not sure )

Young male with morning stiffness at back relieved with activity and uveitis:

a) Ankylosing Spondylitis

b) ?

Young patient with HTN came complaining of high blood pressure and red, tender, swollen big left
toe, tender swollen foot and tender whole left leg. Diagnosis is:

a) Cellulitis

b) Vasculitis

c) Gout Arthritis

d) ??

The correct answer is a , because tender and swollen whole left leg.

Bursitis of the elbow joint caused by:

a) Elbow trauma

b) Autoimmune disease

c) Staph. Aureus

d) ? rupture of bursa

The correct answer is a

The best non-medical therapy is proven to be of benefit for osteoarthritis is:

a) Muscle strength exercise

b) Give NSAID

c) Back slap
d) ?

The correct answer is a

 standing apprent shortenning of the lower limb is considered
a.adduction contructure of the hip
b. abduction contructure of the hip
(A)

according to Wassel classification the most common type of thumb polydactyly is:
a.type 1 b.type 2 c.type 3 d. type 4
(d) 43% and the least type is type 1 (2%)

old age uses crutches may cause injury to:

a.axillary nerve b.median nerve. C.radial nerve d.ulnar nerve
(c) crutch palsy

in total knee replacement the propre allignment is :

a. 7degree varus in anatomical axis
b.7 degree valgus in anatomical axis
c. 7 degree varus in mechanical axis
d. neutral anatomical axis
(b) ???

Buttress plate is used in:

a. diaphyseal fracture
b. ****physeal fracture
c.****physeo-epiphyseal fracture
d.****physeo-diaphyseal fracture
(c)

tear drop fracture in cervical spine is caused by:

a. flexion and compression mechanism
b. extension mechanism
c. hyperextension mechanism
d. compression mechanism
(a)

posterolateral L4-5 disc prolapse cause compression on ……………… nerve root.

a. L4 b. L5 c. S1 d. cauda equina
(b.)

osteosarcoma is malignant transformation of :

a.osteoid osteoma
b. osteo chondroma
c.Pajet's disease
d.giant cell tumor
(c)

morel lavallee syndrome occure in

a.pelvic fracture
b.spine fracture
c.femoral shaft fracture
(a)
4ys child with perthe's dis. +irritable hip + adductor contructure managed by
a.skin traction
b. adduction brace
c. cheilectomy
d. femoral osteotomy
(a)

ender nails is considered:

a. cephalo-medullary
b.centro-medullary
c.condylo-cephalic
d.interlocking
(c)

to gain stability the distance from the proximal one of the 2 distal screws of the interlocking
nail and the fracture must be at least:
a. 2cm
b.4cm
c. 6cm
d. 8cm
(a)

Adult patient with # shaft humerus and closed reduction was done and on doing the post
reduction x-ray there were 20 degree rotation and 15 degree medial angulation and 2.5 cm
shortenning we should do:
a.repeat the reduction
b. continue on the brace
c. open reduction and internal fixation
d. closed reduction and interlocking nail
(b) ??

9ys child with dis******** of the head radius 5 months ago + pain and limitation of
movement of the elbow joint treated by
a. open reduction and annular ligament reconstruction
b. open reduction and recostruction of the lateral collateral lig.
c.open reduction and ulnar osteotomy
d. closed reduction and cast
(c)

bone is formed of collagen type

a. 1 b. 2 c.3 d.4
(a)

all of the following are tests of nerve irritation except:

a. flip test
b.cotralateral nerve strech test.
c. Patrick test
d.Lassegue test
(c)
as regard ischemic index diabetic foot or amputation is expected to heel whenthe index is:
a. 0.6
b. less than 0.5
c. less than 0.4
d. less than 0.3
(a)

adult patient with fracture shaft ulna 6 months ago and treated with closed reduction and cast
now there is sill pain in the fracture site and x-ray show hypertrophic nonunion treated by:
a. continue on the cast
b. fixation by plate without bone graft
c. fixation with plate and iliac crest bone graft
d. closed reduction and interlocking nail.
(c)

the most common complication of ilizarov in treatment of comminuted fracture tibial platuea
is
a. knee stiffness
b. pin tract infection
c. septic arthritis
b))

indication of open reduction and internal fixation in tibial platue fracture when the
displacement in the articular surface is:
a. 2mm
b. 5mm
c.10mm
d. 15mm
(b)

after trauma to the knee the patient examined in prone position and there is increased external
rotation of the knee in 30 degree and 90 degree flexion thus he has:
a. PCL injury
b. PCL and posterolateral corner injury
c. meniscal tear
d. ACL injury
(b)

patient undergo trauma to the knee joint and on examination of the knee there is increadsed
external rotation of the knee in 30 degree and 90 degree of flexion thus he has ………. Also
PCL and posterolateral corner injury

the common defeciency occure in which trace element in total parenteral infusion:
a. calcium
b. barium
c. zinc
d. magnesium
(c)
for pollicization of the index finger in child with hypoplastic thumb we require:
a. stable 1st carpo-****carpal joint
b.stable 2nd ****charpo-phalyngeal joint
c. functioning interphalyngeal joint of the index finger
d. good thenar ms.
(a) ??

in AC dis******** the desplacement of the clavicle occure when

A. disruption in AC lig.
b. disruption in CoracoClavicular lig.
c.Disruption in Coraco acromial lig.
(a)

the common unusual organism cause osteomylitis in drug abusers is

a. staph. Aureus
b. strep. Coccus
c. pseudomonus arogenusa
(c)

in chronic SCFE the best treatment is

a.Closed reduction and fixation
b. open reduction and fixation
c. fixation in situ
d. leave it
(c)

the normal notch index is

a.0.231
b. 0.312
c. 0.132
d. 0.321
(a)

after THR surgery by 5 days and on follow up x-ray there was small island of heterotropic
bone around the joint in asymptomatic patient the treatment is
a. radiotherapy
b. open surgery and removal
c. indomethacin 75mg /day
d, reassurance and observation
(c) ??

. newborn with bilateral talipes equino varus the treatment should started :
a. immediatily
b. after 6 months
c. after one year
d. after 2 years
(a)

loss of function may occur when we do repair in flexor tendon in which area:
a. insertion of FDS
b. from the distal palmer crease to the site of in sertion of FDS
c. carpal tunnel
d. proximal to carpal tunnel
(b)

. in trendlenburg test the trunk:

a. sway on the affected side and the pelvis drops on the opposite side
b. sway on the opp. Side and the pelvis drops on the aff. Side
c. sway on the aff. Side and the pelvis drops on the aff. Side
d. sway on the opp. Side and the pelvis drops on the opp. Side.
(a)

. in buttress plate all is true except:

A. it negates the shearing and compression force
b. used in ****physeo-epiphyseal fracture
c.contouring is a must
d. it is anchoured on the most stable fragment and the fragment that it support
(a)

. what is the cause of this case

Serum ca …… normal
Serum phosphate….. decreased
Urine ca…… decreased
Urine phosphate ………. Increased
Alkaline phosphatase …….. increased
A renal disfunction
B gene mutation
c. malabsortion syn.
d. thyroid adenoma
(b) the cause of hypophosphatemic rickets

.fracture neck talus and fixed by screws and after 8 weeks there is radiolucent area appeared
near the dome what is the cause?
a.non union
b. infection
c. good revascularization
(c)

. according to Hawkin classification fracture talus + dis******** in ankle joint is

a.type 1
b. type 2
c. type 3
d. type 4
(c)

50ys old patient diabetic and smoker with thickness in the palmer facia and flexion of the
little and ring finger and thin subcutaneous facia treated by
a. subcutaneous fasciactomy
b. partial fasciactomy
c. complete fasciactomy
d. ambutation
(b)

26years old military man after walking for 36 km he suffered from pain in the left thigh and
did AP & Lateral x-ray on the hip and thigh and where normal what is the common missed
diagnosis?
A, quadriceps ms rupture
b. stress fracture
c, osteosarcoma
d. infection
(b)

after THR surgery by 5 days the patient suffered from sever pain in the thigh and calf ms
,redness and fever and diffuse edeama in the leg but with normal walking the diagnosis is?
a. infection
b. DVT
c. dis******** of the joint
(b)

80years old patient suffered from four part fracture head of the humerus the traetment is
A. hemiarthroplasty
b.total shoulder replacement
c. reduction and fixation
d. conservative treatment

old patient suffered from polyarticular arthritis and arthritis in the DIP with no morning
stiffness
a. rheumatoid arthritis
b. osteoarthritis
c. infection
d. TB
(b)

. spinal stenosis commonly occure in level

a. L3-4
b.L4-L5
c.L5-S1
d.L2-L3

adult with distal 1/3 fracture humerus and disruption in the distal radio-ulnar joint and
swelling and pain in the forearm treated by?
a. closed reduction and cast
b. open reduction and plate w screw
c. closed reduction and interlocking nail
d. open reduction and interlocking nail
(b) ???

young adult patient suffers from long standing pain in the wrist joint and on x-ray
examination there was increased density of the lunate bone the diagnosis is ?
a. kein bock's dis.
b.kohler dis.
c.frieberg dis
d. sever's dis
(a)

the expected time of internal complete remodeling of bone transplant is

a. 6 ms
b. 1 year
c. 2 years
d. never

gait analysis ,computer and physical examination is important for outcome of surgery in
a. DDH
b. cerebral palsy
c. TEV
d.poliomylitis

young male patient suffers from chronic pain in his leg and swelling in the tibia the pain is
relieved by salcylate and on x-ray examination there was a nidus radiolucent area in the
diaphysis serrounded by sclerosis the diagnosis is
a. osteoid osteoma
b. pajets disease
c. osteo sarcoma
d. osteo chondroma
(a)

old patient treated from rheumatoid arthritis for along period he came to your clinic suffers
from burning pain and numbness in the thumb and the next two fingers the diagnosis is
a. carpal tunnel syndrome
b. ulnar nerve injury