cfhis is dum ber2 l8

of1à. special limited

de luxe editiotj¿
 B A C K E B E RG

CACTUS L E X I C O N
N orthern Argentina: typical Helianthocereus landscape (Photo: Rausch).
CACTUS LEXICON
En uni era tio di agii osti ca Cacto cearum

by Curt Backeberg
w ith descriptions of m any newer species (1966-73) by W alther Haage, E rfu rt

W ith 543 illustrations, mostly in colour; and 18 D istribution Maps

Blandford Press
Poole Dorset
 All photographs by the original author, unless stated otherwise. A number o f photographs were made available for the
earlier German editions by the late J. M arnier-Lapostolle, in whose cactus collection, “ Les Cèdres”, the photo­
graphs by L. Schattat were also taken.

1st Ed. K A K TE E N L E X IK O N : 1966

2nd Ed. K A K TEEN LEX IK O N : 1970
3rd Ed. K AK TEENLEXIKO N, with Appendix by W. Haage: 1976

Blandford Press Ltd.

Link House, West Street
Poole, D orset BH15 ILL
First published in England 1977
Originally published in G ermany 1966

All rights reserved

© VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, 1976

Translation based on the German 3rd Edition (1976)

by Lois Glass Copyright © Blandford Press

ISBN 0 7137 0840 9

C O NTENTS

Preface to th e F irst E d itio n by C u rt B a c k e b e r g ................................................ .................................................... 6

F o rew o rd to th e G e rm a n T h ird E d itio n by W a lth e r H a a g e ........................................................................... 7

T ra n sla to r’s In tro d u c tio n to th e E nglish E d i t i o n .................................................................................................. 8

Principles o f System atic C l a s s i f i c a t i o n ..................................................................................................................... 9

N o tes on C u l t i v a t i o n ...................................................................................................................................................... 17

C l a s s i f i c a t i o n ...................................................................................................................................................................... 21

A bbreviations a n d Sym bols u sed in th e t e x t ......................................................................................................... 62

A lphabetical L ist o f the G en e ra , w ith th e Species a n d V a r i e t i e s .................................................................. 63

D istrib u tio n o f th e C a c ta c e a e ........................................................................................................................................ 517

D istrib u tio n M a p s ............................................................................................................................................................. 519

illu stratio n s 545

PREFACE TO THE FIRST ED ITIO N

The CACTUS LEXICON is intended to serve a dual purpose: in the first place it will provide the
botanist and the specialist nurseryman with a handy work of reference covering all known species
of theCactaceae and their main characteristics, including the latest discoveries, many of them illus­
trated in black and white or colour. At the same time, descriptions of the newest finds will supple­
ment my Handbook. Where it has been necessary, within the framework of the present edition, to
treat systematic questions in a manner which is at variance with the views of some authors, my rea­
sons have been stated in the introductory remarks to individual genera.
Secondly it is hoped the CACTUS LEXICON will provide the hobbyist, who has no need of the
detailed Handbook, with the maximum of information about the plants he collects so that he can
find answers to the following questions: to what genus do the relevant species belong, where do
they originate, how are they recognised and distinguished from other closely related species, how
should they be named, and what are the significant points about the various complexes of species?
Illustrations have been provided for almost all the genera so as to provide the reader with a compre­
hensive insight into the entire family. These photographs have great value in showing the widely
differing forms which Nature has conferred upon the Cactaceae, and the colour plates in particu­
lar convey an impression of their full beauty as well as presenting numerous newer discoveries which
are often objects of special interest to the collector.
The alphabetical arrangement of all the descriptive text enables any plant to be referred to quickly;
to simplify identification or the checking of any name, diagnoses give only distinguishing charac­
ters : in other words, just those points of difference which are used to separate the species and va­
rieties within any given genus. The concise presentation of the most essential data will enable even
the non-German user to find the information he wants.
The diagnostic characters of taxa above specific rank are also clearly set out in the Systematic Sur­
vey. To simplify the finding of any genus therein, the descriptive text in each case gives a reference
figure in brackets after the generic name.
Since there is no other complete classification based on the sum-total of our current knowledge, and
because the phytographic system used here, with its reliance on clear natural divergences, is based
on geobotanical considerations (cf. the distribution maps) so that it avoids uncertainties and theo­
ries, it has been possible to restrict the descriptions of genera and species to those names which can
be considered valid and which are in general use. It is therefore hoped that the present work may
contribute a much-needed standardisation and stabilisation to the nomenclature.

Hamburg-Volksdorf, Curt Backeberg

August 1965.

6
 “ T h e re c a n n o t be excessive h a s te in scientific m a tte rs .
A n y th in g w e h a v e o b se rv e d a c c u ra te ly w ill h a v e a th o u ­
s a n d fo ld effect on o th e rs b e fo re b e in g reflected b a c k to
us. I f we have overlooked some fa ct, or pursued another
too precipitately, this should not cause us too much regret.”
G o e th e to A le x a n d e r v o n H u m b o ld t, 18. 6. 1795.

FOREWORD TO THE THIRD GERMAN EDITION

Curt Backeberg died on 14th January 1966, shortly before publication of his KAKTEENLEX1KON.
A lite devoted to studying the Cactaceae came to a sad and unexpected end. Since then, cactophi-
les have come to a growing realisation of how much he had crowded into those decades of work
and the extent ot his contribution to the enrichment of their hobby.
J1 course there are amateurs and experts who do not always share his views, their criticism being
directed against some aspects of his classification which he based fundamentally on geographical
considerations. They may have had justification at times in protesting that his first descriptions
.-.¡led to provide full details of flower and seed structure; but these observations could well have
entailed years of delay, and it is readily understandable that a 72-year-old author is anxious to con­
clude his work. In a case of this kind it falls to his successors to resolve outstanding problems. His
oik nonetheless remains a complete whole, and even where time has brought new knowledge it
should not be fragmented or amended.
■ EB Gustav Fischer Verlag are to be congratulated for their farsighted decision to allow an Appen­
dix to the Third Edition, summarising the many new discoveries of the years 1966-73.
Admittedly it is not always clear how far such finds can be considered valid species; the impor-
.o.t thing is to let the reader have information about them, under the names currently attached to
■ em. As to Friedrich Ritter s discoveries of the last decades, we often have no description and no
certainty as to whether he will publish, while many of these plants have in the meantime been re­
collected and described under other names.
Obviously it is essential for scientific purposes that detailed descriptions should be supplied, espe-
ually of seeds, but these have been curtailed in the new text in order to conform to the general form
:f the original LEXIKON.
.ake this opportunity of thanking the successful plant-hunters of our day who have provided me
.a their original descriptions and good colour photographs of these discoveries, since it has been
ne of my main objects to ensure that colour pictures of at least some of these novelties should be
made available to the reader.
My warm thanks go to the following
- F. H. Buining, Leusden, Holland Figs. 460-464, 468-470, 473,
486-494, 496, 522-527
F red. H. Brandt, Paderborn, Federal
Republic of Germany Figs. 497 —521
Walter Rausch, Vienna, Austria Figs. 465-467, 471, 472,
474-485, 528-534
D. J. Van Vliet, Scheveningen, Holland Fig. 495.
^t the same time I extend my gratitude to all those who provided me with foreign literature which
might otherwise have been quite unable to obtain.
Erfurt, Walther Haage
Spring 1974.

7
T R A N SLA T O R ’S IN T R O D U C T IO N TO THE ENGLISH VERSION

It was with very mixed feelings that I undertook to translate Backeberg’s unique KAKTEENLEX-
IKON. I know its usefulness to me, as the ordinary collector’s reference book, and that many
non-linguists have struggled with Backeberg’s often very difficult prose. On the other hand I am well
aware that no translation - good or bad-w ill be acceptable to the professional botanist, for cogent
reasons: firstly because Backeberg created innumerable small genera (“splitting”) in conformity
with his principles of classification, and this runs strongly against the current of present-day think­
ing where the larger genus (“lumping”) is preferred; secondly, Backeberg’s work contains many
invalid names, which burden the synonymy.
This being so, I have assumed the present need to be for a cactus-collector’s translation, and I have
avoided most technical botanical terms where accuracy did not suffer, or the requirements of bre­
vity were not overriding; in any case the reader is referred to Dr. R. B. Ivimey-Cook’s invaluable
aid: “ Succulents: A Glossary of Terms and Descriptions”, published in 1974 by the National Cac­
tus & Succulent Society.
The next word of explanation concerns the German-language Third Edition on which the present
translation is based. Backeberg died just before his KAKTEENLEXIKON was first published; and
Walther Haage of Erfurt (German Democratic Republic), well known as the author of many popu­
lar books on cacti, undertook an updating of the work, to cover most newer discoveries up to 1973.
He believed the original text should stand unaltered, so that his additional information came in
four separate sections: small addenda (e. g. type-localities); then a score of name-changes, mainly
based on the work of Dr. H. Friedrich; some 50 printed pages describing more recently iscovered
plants; and finally the valuable colour photographs which now complete the illustrated section.
The English translation provided an opportunity to incorporate these separate items into a single
sequence (more difficult than it sounds!) for easier reference, but there need be no confusion as to
who is responsible for additions th the Backeberg text. Mr. Haage’s main addenda are indicated
by a black line down the left margin; his brief amendments are given in square brackets and prefix­
ed by his name. The colour photographs he provided are those of the second and third sequences,
as explained on the introductory page of the Illustrated Section. My own rather motley and minor
addenda are all labelled as such - in some cases providing the only information on some plant
where it seemed a pity not to give details from my own collection, despite the known danger of
generalising from one or two samples.
The reader may at first sight wonder about the inclusion of many names where Mr. Haage says
only: “no description available” ; these I have retained because of the FR numbers (field collection
numbers of Friedrich Ritter) which I consider deserve mention; the ordinary collector may well
not learn when his “FR such-and-such” has received baptismal rites, and one can envisage success­
ive generations of field-numbered plants. Perhaps some of these can now be named.
In conclusion I thank my friends for information of detail they have so willingly provided, and I
hope that they - as well as other expectant cactophiles at home and abroad - will find this English
translation meets their expectations.

High Wycombe, Lois Glass.

February 1977.
PRINCIPLES OF SY STEM ATIC CLASSIFICATION

No comprehensive description of all the members of the Cactaceae would be possible nowadays
without a comprehensive classification; and the decision has to be taken as to whether genera shall
be treated in the wider or the narrower sense. The former is more artificial, so that its delimitation
is thereby open to various interpretations. Earlier attempts on these lines gave no guarantee of an
ultimately more satisfactory general classification; indeed, in the light of the very extensive accu­
mulation of material, it appears virtually impossible to range the entire family covering all the species
of the Cactaceae, into extended genera under some unified principle of classification which would
not be liable to create intolerable confusion and yet still offer a really convincing and serviceable
advance on existing work. Only in this context is there any justification for “revisions” of the type
recently undertaken on individual genera in Europe and the United States. A piecemeal approach
can achieve nothing. The authors of these “partial treatments” have not suggested how they envisage
any overall classification.
Other authors have attempted a new arrangement on the basis of phylogenetic considerations, but
these, over a period of time, have only led to repeated amendments and produced no conclusive
results; moreover, it is clearly beyond the powers of one individual to extend investigations of this
type over the entire family, because of the impossibility of assembling sufficient living material,
and such treatments thus depend heavily on theoretical reasoning. All this proves it to be merely a
specialist field of phylogenetic study which cannot, at least in the foreseeable future, provide any
complete and satisfactory systematic treatment of all members of the Cactaceae: fundamentally,
mis is not its purpose. The American phylogeneticist, G. Ledyard Stebbins Jr., long ago pointed
out that phylogenetics and descriptive botany are two separate and distinct disciplines, each work­
ing at its own tasks with its different methods. Failure to observe this maxim has often produced
needless conflict instead of leading to meaningful collaboration.
he narrowly conceived genus has always been accepted, since it is the one best suited to a syste­
matic arrangement of the Cactaceae, seen overall and taking into account all the differences and
•arieties of form, for it is based on the facts of Nature and always relates to a group of plants with
_nified generic characteristics, so that it is the most “natural” genus of all, and at the same time,
_.so the only one to which the concept of “type” may be applied without ambiguity. A further con-
- deration is that within the cactus family we find a conspicuous concentration of genera and species
-Ei two widely separated centres of highest concentration, one in each of the Tropics. It has been
mown that a satisfactory classification must correlate with geobotanical facts and recognise this
"Oenomenon of bicentrism. Taking just the highly succulent Cereoideae, there is no other method
:: reflecting accurately in any classification the two centres of their distribution; and for the globose
arms, the two geographically separated major groups each have their distinctive characters.
ith a genus in this restricted concept, furthermore, Nature has provided her own delimitation in
natural and practical fashion since there is a simple demarcation between genera, according to the
.ages of reduction observed in the shoot-reduction of the flower, with differentiated floral zones
-.so requiring consideration. This systematic method thus reflects the present state in the evolutio­
nary process, and also simplifies diagnosis by its reliance on simply observable characters.
"i the light of the foregoing it is remarkable that objections are still raised against the small genus,
-ecause the latter is the most natural one and relies least on speculation; above all, no fundamental
Tution of any other kind has yet been put forward.

9
Principles of Classification

There is a tendency for the generic dispute to be exaggerated, as though this were the most impor­
tant problem of our time. Systems have come and gone since the days of Salm-Dyck, and doubtless
changes will still be made in times to come, although it seems probable that the science of the Cac-
taceae now holds few major surprises in store. Certainly the genus plays an important role in com­
prehensive classification, but without clear guide-lines as to its role in demarcation among other
things, it may be short-lived, as with Buxbaum’s recent division of Mammillaria. At the present
time, by far the most important task is careful recording of the most essential details of all currently
known species and their varieties. It must also be remembered that the larger a work, the more im­
portant it becomes to utilise readily understandable concepts and methods of classification. For
practical tasks, involuted or purely theoretical approaches serve little purpose. This fact acquires
a special significance at a period like the present, with the discovery of innumerable new species
which it is of universal interest to treat immediately, even if additional work is later required, so as
to ensure they are neither overlooked nor given several different names. At the same time a solution
has to be found to the problem of centralised information, which can only be achieved by a com­
plete descriptive summary, supplemented by later editions, in order to assemble the data often
scattered here and there in the literature, and not always readily accessible. All such considerations
demand a basic classification which can be readily understood and used by every reader, and it is
hoped the present volume will satisfy these requirements, but it cannot be expected to give much
weight to every new amendment concerned only with a narrow field, sufficient unto itself and with
no concession to any kind of unified system.
Next to the systematic considerations, the vital question to be clarified in this Lexicon was the fol­
lowing: where does one small genus end, and the next begin? It is essential that the whole family
should be treated identically, avoiding the illogical approach of some authors who regard such
items as floral hairs and bristly cephalia, for example, as a diagnostic character within their chosen
genera (Pilicopiapoa and Cephalocleistoeactus), but refuse to accept it in the genera of other authors
(<Submatucana and Seticereus).
Another tangible advantage of the “ small genus” is that it ensures careful investigation of each
natural species complex and its differences, often compelling the worker to go more closely into the
minutest differentiations. This method most closely reflects natural phenomena, permitting the most
careful phytographic treatment, and providing new knowledge. This is the only way we can gain
a proper insight into the marvellous creative forces of Nature - which is the ultimate goal of our
investigations. To call division into small genera “ splitting”, as has been done by a few authors
who do not always admit varieties, shows a superficial judgement which does not correctly represent
the facts.
In certain species we cannot faithfully show the extent of the differences without resorting to the
segregation of varieties. Here the Tephrocactus articulatus complex provides a convincing example.
Britton and Rose wrongly named the species Opuntia glomerata, and they used this name to include
every variant. However, even the vars. calvus, inermis, ovatus, polyacanthus and syringacanthus
represent plants so divergent in appearance that it is impossible for any single description faithfully
to reflect the entire swarm of varieties, thus there would be no real reflection of the range of vari­
ability, let alone any understanding of it. A more thorough treatment of the whole complex of va­
rieties may indeed, in some species, require profound knowledge of the subject, and this is not
always easy to acquire; and collection into larger groups may then be seen as the simple solution.
“Lumping”, which seems particularly common in the USA, is open to objection, and is not very
logical (what point is there in quoting a type-species in many such cases?) when one reflects that
over there even naturally-occurring hybrids have been given hybrid-names, e. g. X Myrtgerocereus
R. Moran, and X Pachgerocereus R. Moran, individual natural crosses of Bergerocactus with Myr-
tillocactus and Paehycereus. To be consistent, all other inter-generic hybrids should also be named,
with consequences which are well-nigh unthinkable. Since the successful crossing of Aporocactus
and Trichocereus, we know it is possible to achieve the most unlikely hybrids; and from the scientific

10
 Principles of Classification

Inside one of the greenhouses in the late J. Marnier-Lapostolle’s Botanical G arden, “ Les Cèdres” , at St. Jean, Cap
rerrat (France), which is one of the largest collections o f succulents in the world.

roint of view these are interesting, but many other hybrid genera can be imagined. On the Cote
d'Azur, for instance, hybrids have been raised from Cleistocactus, Oreocereus, Morawetzia and
Denmoza, as well as Seticereus - some of them extremely floriferous and vigorous. Since a number
-f them are of considerable interest to the horticulturist, closer consideration should be given to
die question of their nomenclature and that of all inter-generic hybrids. As an example, 1 raised
crosses of Arthrocereus microsphaericus and A. ccimpos-portoi (now in the Exotic Gardens of Mo-
-aco), which far exceeded the parents in vigour and floriferousness. The Code makes provision
' :r naming, such as that already practised in the case of the so-called “Epicacti” ; but this has not
et been extended to the very succulent Cactaceae, even although here too there are many instances
:: outstanding and valuable hybrids which are of even more interest than the above to the breeder.
However, hybrids of this kind have no place in a Handbook of naturally-occurring species, and
rev can therefore be mentioned here only in certain instances.
The maps showing distribution simplify understanding of the geographical areas occupied by the
~~iin categories and call attention to the duality of their occurrence. This formed the basis of the
: resent systematic classification.
■ the Subfamily Opuntioideae it was necessary not only to consider other diagnostic characters
- ^ d to divide the genus (e. g. unsegmented stem-structure), but also to segregate groups of very
. ergent habit (cylindrical, + globose, flat but more or less rounded segments); this acquires even
. ‘eater importance by reason of the clear duality of geographical distribution seen in each case,
ere there is one major area in the north and another in the south of the American continent;
• > is even more marked in the genera of the Cereoideae. In a few cases generic demarcation was
: -sible along conventional lines, as with Trichocereus and Echinopsis, where certain factors made
■ - seem necessary (e. g. Pseudolobivia\ and the geobotanical segregation of the genera of globular
ricti in South America, according to their location west or east of the Andes).

11
Principles of Classification

Opuntias growing in the open in one of the finest collections of the genus, belonging to F. Rivière de Caralt, at Pinya
de Rosa, Blanes (Spain).

in conclusion, attention is drawn to the fact that the systematic survey, arranged in the form of a
key, gives all the principal characteristics of the individual categories and their subgroups, so that
these are in most cases not repeated in the descriptive text which can then more readily emphasize
the differentiating characters. The characteristics of the higher categories should be presumed in
each of the relevant diagnoses.
In special cases, where species are commonly known under different generic names (e. g. Chileore-
butia, and the “ Pyrrhoeaetus” species of the Pacific distribution area), references are given so that
they can readily be found in the Lexicon.
The foregoing explanations seemed to me necessary for a better understanding of the new syste­
matic survey employed here, as well as the considerations mentioned under individual genera, for
these are questions of interest to a wide readership in the present state of our knowledge of the Cac-
taceae and of the cactus-hobby.
12
 Principles of Classification

entrance to the Morawetz G arden, South Carolina, USA, notable for the uniformly large plants of Carnegiea gigan-
:e a .

various reasons! have not been able to dispense with author-citations, especially since they
- . sometimes indispensable if confusion is to be avoided. In every case the author quoted in paren-
'.eses was responsible for first describing the species under some other generic name; and the name
r .en after the brackets is that of the author responible for what is now regarded as the valid name.
most instances these names will be familiar to the reader, even in their abbreviated form; but
‘ not, the information is available in the specialist literature.

13
 f > t '\ •i ; I t ¡£vy j3gKj|8f IK' / i ; f vr?•
J-V i j¡ n

tv'*1 rWBHW» 1 1r\ ¡4 .< 1 * <•? i f ” mi J)

.S •'
M & k V - - *
“
JHL I
■ -A t i > >- v
<
•.
2
^ .

Above: A modern D utch nursery which raises 2-3 million young cactus plants a year.

Below: Selenicereusgrandiflorus grown for medical use in the greenhouses of a pharmaceutical company in S. G er­
many; these plants produce a drug which has a spasmolytic effect on the coronary arteries and promotes circulation.

14
: f a Japanese nursery specialising in raising hybrids. Y. Ito reared many fine cultivars with magnificent blooms
: Yoshio Ito).

15
Seedling-grafting on Peireskiopsis stock has made it possible to speed up very considerably the growth of young plants

Left: Micropuntia gracicylindrica Wieg. & Backbg. grafted on Peireskiopsis spathulata (Photo: Schattat).

Right: Flowering 2-year seedling of Lobivia arachnacantha Buin. & Ritt., on the same stock (Photo: J. Marnier-L.)

16
CULTIVATION
The present chapter will be brief since most cactus-books discuss questions of
cultivation, and it is assumed that most users of this work will be experienced
cactophiles or else professional growers, both of whom will be so well versed in
growing under their own conditions that “culture” scarcely worries them. I know of
many collections where the plants, if the owner has time to give them sufficient care, are
in such prime condition that they equal those of the “old hands” . The importance of
fertilisers was long ago appreciated, along with the fact that there are many types of
artificial fertiliser with a low nitrogen-content which are rich in potassium and
phosphorus as well as trace elements; and special composts are now on the market;
even the grower of moderate experience knows that cacti require a winter-rest, that
they need more water in summer, but that in spring and autumn watering must depend
on visibly active growth; that the root-system needs to be inspected, to ensure surgery
can be resorted to in time to prevent the spread of infection to healthy tissue; and that
grafting is not an aesthetic disaster but an essential method of preserving and
propagating valuable plants, and of ensuring that seedlings more quickly reach
flowering size—the point at which they become a source of real pleasure. Of course one
expects the professional to give his plants all the usual care, and it is reasonable to hope
he will extend this to the care of his soil, i.e. to controlling root mealy bug and
nematodes (eel-worms). Special preparations are readily available for these purposes
put alas, their use is time-consuming. Unfortunately nematodes are becoming an
increasing menace, as the buyer soon realises to his cost. Root mealy bug, scale insects
or red-spider mite, unwittingly introduced with new acquisitions, can spread rapidly
md eradication is far more time-consuming than a single treatment of new plants on
arrival. Scale insects and ordinary mealy bugs are less of a worry; it is pests hidden in
the soil which always constitute the major danger because they are not noticed
immediately; their numbers then increase, and serious attacks require painstaking
ireatment.
Advances in chemistry and new techniques have dramatically affected the cultivation
of cacti, especially in the case of hydroponics (more accurately, semi-hydroponic
; -iture). Speedy and accurately controlled flooding of the gravel-base makes it easy to
apply treatments for preventing the invasion of moulds and pests, and so greatly speeds
the processes of plant-raising that the bigger nurseries are turning to it more and more,
particularly since the resulting plants look more attractive, while transplanting and re-
rooting in a “sales-compost” offer no problems; it is rare to find development checked
in any way. It seems probable that the reduction of plant-losses by the large-scale
grower is mostly due to his use of larger amounts of suitable inorganic fertilisers with a
'.aw nitrogen-content, provided precautions are also taken in good time against fungal
infections; with these methods the plants are sturdier than under the older systems.
It is no surprise that many an amateur practises hydroponics in his greenhouse since
the nutrient salts, equipment and trays he needs are now generally available.
It seems likely that the clay pot will disappear completely from use. Modern plastic
pots have proved their worth: they are virtually unbreakable, and fine hair-roots do
not cling to their walls as happened with clay pots, so that the root-ball more or less
17
CULTIVATION

slides out for inspection or repotting, and so remains virtually intact; the plastic
material warms up quickly, so that embedding is advisable, but if the compost is
suitable root-formation will be hastened. The plastic pot retains moisture longer,
reducing the frequency of watering, although obviously sufficient water must still be
given during the growing period, and towards its close care is required to ensure the
amount of moisture present is not excessive. Where these pots are in use, I have noticed
that rooting is particularly rapid and the condition of the plants is outstanding. A new
type of compost has been put on the market which is suitable for all plants but is
particularly beneficial to those which cannot tolerate too much humus ; this is a no-soil
compost known as “ Chemieerde”, made up of quartz-sand and gravel, with added
nutrient salts. I have seen for myself the excellent results which are obtained with this
material ; even rather sensitive species can be grown without grafting, while valuable
rarities are cultivated with greater success.
In addition to the appropriate treatment the fundamental requirement for good
results, as always, is a light position with all the available sunshine. For cultivation in
less favourable positions such as on windowsills, the “sensitive” species are in any
event not suitable. The no-soil compost I have mentioned comes with instructions for
testing the pH-value so as to obtain the correct reaction ; the most beneficial is an acid
reaction of 5-6 (acid indicator on Litmus paper = red), thus avoiding both alkalinity
or excessive acidity. While it is true that our predecessors, using no more than instinct
and rule of thumb, managed to raise some fine plants, the proportion of losses is
reduced with today’s careful soil-control which is specially important for any
collection of the many new, costly and sometimes difficult species. Verification of the
pH-value is particularly important where there is any evidence of spine-calcification, or
where hard water is used for the plants ; the simplest procedure here is to add sulphuric
acid, drop by drop, until the required reaction is obtained.
Grafting can never be entirely superseded, especially in cases where large plants are
wanted for planting out in a short space of time. To take one example, the impressive
display of plants in the Marnier collection (“Les Cèdres”) would never have been
possible without resort to grafting on vigorous stocks.
It is regrettable that far too few of such grafting stocks are grown for sale. It is
particularly difficult to obtain Peireskiopsis cuttings which are used by professionals
and amateurs alike for seedling-grafts, but this approach certainly offers exciting
prospects. Here it is clearly important growers should ensure adequate supplies of this
type of grafting stock. The speed with which minute seedlings develop, when grafted on
Peireskiopsis, borders on the miraculous (see illustration), and they soon reach a size
where they have to be regrafted onto robuster stocks ; and these too must be available in
sufficient quantity at the right time. The professional grower sometimes already turns
this speedier seedling-growth to good account, since the stumps remaining after
regrafting rapidly send out fresh shoots in turn, and so provide another generation of
plants. This is an essential precondition for the successful propagation of the rarer
species or of those which do not grow as well or as rapidly on their own roots. It is
precisely these rarities or new species of particularly attractive appearance which
appeal to collectors, and thus stimulate sales. The question deserves much more
attention than it has hitherto received.
It would be pointless to devote space here to hints on grafting for experienced
amateurs. Their numbers already include true masters of the grafter’s art, and I owe
them many invaluable tips, observations and illustrations for my work, particularly in
the case of some new discoveries which could not otherwise have been brought to a size
where they could serve for descriptions or illustrations. For older plants, Trichocereus
pachanoi which I originally imported from Ecuador proved to be the best stock because
it offsets sufficiently freely to ensure a succession of plants; it is virtually spineless
(making grafting a less painful procedure); it increases in diameter as the scion
18
 CULTIVATION

develops; it remains green; the nature of its sap ensures that it readily accepts a graft
and feeds it well; and it does not become as woody or exhausted as Trichocereus
spachianus, once the most popular grafting-stock. One exception is in collections on the
Riviera, where sturdy specimens of this latter species can be raised or bought, and
considerable successes have been recorded with “on-the-spot” grafting: here, square
stakes with an oblique bevel are pushed into the ground alongside the plants, and these
stakes have metal strips arched over the grafts to provide the necessary pressure, while
the crowns of the scions are protected by a piece of felt; since no transplanting of the
stock is called for when using this procedure, the development of the scion is not
retarded. Eriocereus jusbertii, which is rarely of a size to suit the scion and is also more
prone to shrivel, is not now often used, or at most for species which remain fairly small.
It has long been accepted that the plants in amateur collections do particularly well
when planted out in trays so that the pots can be embedded, but space sometimes
forbids this. Planting out in summer is beneficial even where the owner has a
greenhouse. Epiphyllums and Nopalxochia (“leaf”-cacti), Zygocactus (segmented or
Christmas cactus), Epiphyllopsis (Easter cactus) and above all Rhipsalis thrive much
better when left in the open air during the main growing period; more buds form and
when the plants are brought indoors no stem-segments are dropped, because the shoots
have ripened; Rhipsalis fills out well, and when it is brought back into the greenhouse
or placed on the windowsill the greater warmth induces flower-development. These
plants can be suspended from fruit-trees, or placed on a patch of grass provided slug-
bait is sprinkled round them. Grown thus Rhipsalis—a plant which is not much
: avoured by collectors—does so much better that these slender-stemmed and relatively
hardy specimens become more interesting.
In the light of the foregoing, the reader will see why I do not propose going more deeply
mto “hints on cultivation” . Many books are available on the subject and they provide
all the necessary information. I will content myself in the present work with providing
i or each genus a symbol indicating the appropriate cultural requirements, also notes on
any special treatment which may be necessary.
These symbols are given on page 62, together with the abbreviations used in the text.)

19
CLASSIFICATION
!Key to the Categories)

Leaves present:
Glochids absent; seeds with soft testa,
large........................................................SFam. 1: Peireskioideae K. Sch.
Glochids present, in part reduced; seeds
hard, fairly large....................................SFam. 2: Opuntioideae K. Sch.
Leaves absent:
Glochids absent; seeds smaller, not ex­
tremely hard ........................................ SFam. 3: Cereoideae K. Sch.*

SFam, 1: Peireskioideae K. Sch.

Key to the Tribes:
Leaves + normal, not cylindrically reduced;
flowers not te r m in a l............................Tribe 1: Peireskieae Br. & R.
Leaves cylindrically reduced; flowers (al­
ways?) te rm in a l....................................Tribe 2: Maihuenieae Backbg.

Tribe 1: Peireskieae Br. & R.

Key to the Genera:
Shrubby or tree-like; ovary superior. . . . 1: Peireskia (Plum.) Mill.
Flowers fairly large, not sessile, clust­
ered ....................................................SG. 1: Peireskia
Flowers small, sessile, 5-lobed . . . . SG. 2: Neopeireskia Backbg.
Tree-like; ovary + in f e r io r ........................2: Rhodocactus (Berg.) Knuth

Tribe 2: Maihuenieae Backbg.

One genus:
Low cushions; leaves not early deciduous,
short, terete............................................3: Maihuenia Phil.

SFam. 2: Opuntioideae K. Sch.

Key to the Tribes:
Shrubby to tree-like; leaves ± normal or
veinless and succulent............................ Tribe 1: Phyllopuntieae Backbg.
* In accordance with changes required by the Code of Nomenclature 1961 the SFam. should now be called
"Cactoideae” . This misleading name will not be used in the present work, so as not to confuse non-specialist readers;
mstead I have retained the much more appropriate name introduced 70 years ago; after all, the idea of “nom. alt.” is a
familiar one and it may be possible to protect the older term—which in this case is essential since the members of SFam.
3 are not the only "cactus-like” plants.

21
CLASSIFICATION

Dividing into fleshy shoots; leaves greatly

reduced, rather sm all............................Tribe 2: Euopuntieae Backbg.
Shrubby, branches long, slender-cylindric,
inclined; leaves considerably reduced
(sole night-flowering ta x o n ) ................Tribe 3: Pseudopuntieae Backbg.

Tribe 1: Phyllopuntieae Backbg.

Key to the Genera:
With slender subsidiary spines (true glochids
absent ?)
Flowers completely terminal
Ovary narrow, sessile........................4: Quiabentia Br. & R.
Glochids present
Flowers not completely terminal
Ovary in part stalked........................5: Peireskiopsis Br. & R.

Tribe 2: Euopuntieae Backbg.

Key to the Subtribes:
Stems cylindrical; if spherical, not con­
stantly so in cultivation........................Subtribe 1: Cylindropuntiinae
Backbg.
Stems spherical, clavate or short-cylindric;
forms constant in cultivation. . . . . Subtribe 2: Sphaeropuntiinae Backbg.
Stems ± fla tte n e d ........................................Subtribe 3: Platyopuntiinae Backbg.

Subtribe 1: Cylindropuntiinae Backbg.

Key to the Groups*:
Stems cylindric, without sheathed spines . . Group 1: Austrocylindropuntiae
Backbg.
Stems cylindric, with sheathed spines (in
part from newer areoles only) . . . . Group 2: Boreocylindropuntiae
Backbg.
Group 1: Austrocylindropuntiae Backbg.
Key to the Genera:
Flowers not truly terminal; seeds not winged 6: Austrocylindropuntia Backbg.
Flowers truly terminal; seeds winged . . . 7: Pterocactus K. Sch.

Group 2: Boreocylindropuntiae Backbg.

Key to the Genera:
Flowers not truly terminal, at most subapi-
cal; ribs not continuous
Spines sheathed and glochids present . . 8: Cylindropuntia (Eng.) Knuth
emend. Backbg.

* For the sake of uniformity the term “Sippe" (in English literally meaning “kin” or “clan”, but translated for the
present work as “Group”) used by Alwin Berger in “Die Entwicklungslinien der Kakteen” has been retained here for
the relevant taxon, since this was the word then in normal use. Nowadays “Natio” (and “Subnatio”) would be
preferred.

22
 CLASSIFICATION

Flowers apical or terminal

Spines with reduced sheaths; glochids, if
present, clearly reduced except those
of the newer areoles and the ovary
Flowers apical; ribs continuous . . . 9: Grusonia F. Reichenb.
Flowers and fruits terminal and sun­
ken; shoot-tip enveloping the fruit,
clavate at maturity and splitting
laterally; ribs not continuous . . . 10: Marenopuntia Backbg.

Subtribe 2: Sphaeropuntiinae Backbg.

Key to the Groups :
Stems spherical or short-cylindric. . . . Group 1 : Austrosphaeropuntiae
Backbg.
Stems clavate to + e lo n g a te d ................ Group 2 : Boreosphaeropuntiae
Backbg.

Group 1: Austrosphaeropuntiae Backbg.

Key to the Genera:
Stem-segments never united at the base . . 11: Tephrocactus Lem. emend.
Backbg.
Stem-segments united at the base 12 : Maihueniopsis Speg.

Group 2: Boreosphaeropuntiae Backbg.

Key to the Genera:
Large taproots not present
Glochids present
Spine-sheaths reduced + to rudiments 13: Corynopuntia Knuth
Large taproots present; bodies minute . .
Glochids + absent (reduced ?)
Spine-sheaths clearly much reduced 14: Micropuntia Daston

Subtribe 3: Platyopuntiinae Backbg.

Key to the G roups:
Main stem c o n tin u o u s ................................Group 1: Cauliopuntiae Backbg.
Main stem not continuous, irregularly
branched
Flowers of normal structure................ Group 2: Platyopuntiae Backbg
Flowers almost closed, anthers pro­
jecting ................................................Group 3: Nopaleae Backbg.

Group 1: Cauliopuntiae Backbg.

Key to the Subgroups:
Branches + in whorls; flowers with hair-like
staminodes; seeds few, in part woolly Subgroup 1: Brasiliopuntiae
Backbg.
Branches + cruciform; flowers without
staminodes; seeds woolly (always?) Subgroup 2: Consoleae Backbg.
23
CLASSIFICATION

Subgroup 1: Brasiliopuntiae Backbg.

One Genus only:
Main stem cylindric; new shoots thin . . . 15: Brasiliopuntia (K. Sch.) Berg,

Subgroup 2: Consoleae Backbg.

One Genus only:
Main stem + flattened; new shoots thicker 16: Consolea Lem.

Group 2: Platyopuntiae Backbg.

One Genus only:
Shoots flat; flowers open, without stami-
nodes; seeds mostly not woolly
(woolly seeds commoner in spec, of
southern d is trib u tio n )....................17: Opuntia (Tournef.) Mill.

Group 3: Nopaleae Backbg.

One Genus only:
Stems elongated; floral limb closed; seeds
not w o o lly ........................................18: Nopalea SD.

Tribe 3: Pseudopuntieae Backbg.

One Genus only:
Stems thin, long-cylindric; glochids readily
dropped; leaves minute; flowers with
long ovary, nocturnal, with revolute
petals, with hair-development at base
of inner petals....................................19: Tacinga Br. & R.

Subfamily 3: Cereoideae K. Sch.

Key to the Tribes:
Aerial roots present; plants epiphytic, semi-
epiphytic or climbing........................Tribe 1: Hylocereeae Backbg.
Aerial roots absent; plants terrestrial, except
low-growing Pfeiffer a ........................Tribe 2: Cereeae Br. & R. emend.
Backbg.

Tribe 1: Hylocereeae Backbg.

Key to the Subtribes:
Mostly pendulous epiphytes with pre­
dominantly smaller flowers and
fruits; shoots mostly articulated into
annual g ro w th s ................................Subtribe 1: Rhipsalidinae Backbg.
Plants more bushy-erect, with flat shoots;
flowers and fruits mostly larger
(fruits never smallish); shoots usually
not articulated into annual growths Subtribe 2: Phyllocactinae Backbg.
24
 CLASSIFICATION

Plants with long shoots; bodies not flat but

cereoid, with several ribs or angles,
except for 2 modified flattened and
clinging or twining, 3-4-winged
plants; flowers with ± longer tubes Subtribe 3: Hylocereinae Baekbg.

Subtribe 1: Rhipsalidinae Baekbg.

Key to the G roups:
Flowers appearing laterally (normal flower-
insertion) ............................................Group 1: Rhipsalides Baekbg.
Flowers (and shoots) developing from the
ap ex ....................................................Group 2: Epiphylloides Baekbg.

Group 1: Rhipsalides Baekbg.

Key to the Subgroups:
Flowers tubeless; stem-segments variable in
s h a p e ................................................Subgroup 1: Eurhispalides Baekbg.
Flowers with short tubes; segments flat . . Subgroup 2: Pseudorhipsalides
Baekbg.

Subgroup 1: Eurhipsalides Baekbg.

Key to the Genera & Subgenera:
Flowers tubeless
Ovary f r e e ................................................ 20: Rhipsalis Gartn.
Stem-segments terete, bristles absent
(.Eurhipsalis K. S c h .) ........................ SG. 1: Rhipsalis
Segments terete or slightly furrowed,
with many b ris tle s ............................ SG. 2: Ophiorhipsalis K. Sch.
Segments distinctly angled or ribbed SG. 3: Goniorhipsalis K. Sch.
Segments flat, leaflike or 3-sided, with­
out b ris tle s ........................................ SG. 4: Phyllorhipsalis K. Sch.
Ovary sunken............................................ 21: Lepismium Pfeifif.
Segments narrow and flat or 3-sided;
areoles sunken, very bristly (Eulepis-
mium K n u th ) .................................... SG. 1: Lepismium
Segments t e r e t e .................................... SG. 2: Calamorhipsalis K. Sch.
Segments 3-angled, articulated, angles
and faces then alternating................ SG. 3: Epallogogonium
K. Sch.
Segments continuous, 3-angled; areoles
not b r i s t l y ........................................ SG. 4: Trigonorhipsalis
Berg.
Segments polymorphic, at first slender,
5-angled, later stouter and 3(-4)-
angled, in part rounded or the faces
sunken; areoles bristly at first, later
with only occasional bristles, with
thick white woolly flock.................... SG. 5: Heteropodium Baekbg.
25
CLASSIFICATION

Subgroup 2 : Pseudorhipsalides Backbg.

Key to the Genera :
Flowers with short tubes
Stem-segments spiny, flat to 3-winged 22 : Acanthorhipsalis (K. Sch.)
Br. & R.
Segments always spineless, flat . . . . 23 : Pseudorhipsalis Br. & R.

Group 2: Epiphylloides Backbg.

Key to the Subgroups:
Areoles variously situated
Stem-segments cylindric, clavate or with
several angles
Flowers normal, considerably reduced
in s i z e ................................................SG. 1: Mediorhipsalides Backbg.
Segments sm all-opuntioid (rarely
cylindric-elongated)
Flowers greatly modified, zygomorphic SG. 2: Epiphyllanthi Backbg.
Areoles lateral and/or apical
Segments zygocactoid, offset one above
the other
Flowers normal (in part small) to
greatly m odified................................SG. 3: Epiphylh Backbg.

Subgroup 1: Mediorhipsalides Backbg.

Key to the Genera:
Stems rounded to clavate, abbreviated or
elongated
Areoles mostly minute, indumentum ±
only on abbreviated new growths;
flowers from larger apical areoles;
fruit ± glabrous................................24: Hatiora Br. & R.
Stems terete, articulated
Areoles more strongly hairy; fruits larger
than in Rhipsalis, bristly....................25: Erythrorhipsalis Berg.
Stems 2-3-5-angled, usually branching from
the apex; flowers larger than in the
preceding
Areoles situated on the angles, + bristly 26: Rhipsalidopsis Br. & R.

Subgroup 2 : Epiphyllanthi Backbg.

One Genus only:
Stems mostly dwarf-opuntioid, in one in­
stance cylindric and elongated (only
an ecotype? acc. Voll), not con­
spicuously branching from the apex,
+ finely spined
Flowers borne close to the apex, larger,
zygom orphic....................................27: Epiphyllanthus Berg.
26
 CLASSIFICATION

Subgroup 3: Epiphylli Backbg.

Key to the Genera :
Flowers regular, without a true corolla-tube
Flowers reduced and Rhipsalis-like, small 28 : Pseudozygocactus Backbg.
Flowers larger
Filaments grouped, stigma-lobes
spreading; fruit acutely 5-angled
(apical areoles often with many long
bristles)................................................ 29 : Epiphyllopsis (Berg.)
Knuth & Backbg
Filaments in 2 groups, stigma-lobes
capitate and connivent; apical
areoles less bristly; fruit 4-angled . . 30 : Schlumbergera Lem. non E. Morr.
Flowers strongly zygomorphic, with a true
corolla-tube
Filaments (and style) curved and pro­
jecting, inner series with a basal fine
recurved annular membrane; fruit
top-shaped, not angular.................... 31 : Zygocactus K. Sch.

Subtribe 2: Phyllocactinae Backbg.

Only 1 Group: Phyllocacti Backbg.
Key to the Subgroups:
Flowers normal, funnelform........................Subgroup 1: Euphyllocacti Backbg.
Flowers + m o d ifie d ....................................Subgroup 2: Wittiae Backbg.

Subgroup 1 : Euphyllocacti Backbg.

Key to the Genera :
Flowers funnelform
Ovary with bristles and s p in e s ................ 32 : Cryptocereus Alex.
Ovary with + stiff bristles........................ 33 : Mandera Backbg.
Ovary only fe lty ........................................ 34 : Lobeira Alex.
Ovary g la b ro u s ........................................ 35 : Epiphyllum Haw. (Phyllocactus)
Flowers ± bellshaped-funnelform
Ovary faintly angular, axils somewhat
felty, sometimes with little bristles
(night-flowering)................................ 36 : Eccremocactus Br. & R.
Ovary scaly, with 1^1 whitish bristles
(day-flow ering)................................ 37 : Pseudonopalxochia Backbg.
Ovary small, glabrous (day-flowering). . 38 : Nopalxochia Br. & R.

Subgroup 2: Wittiae Backbg.

Key to the Genera :
Flowers slender, medium-sized
Flowers bellshaped-funnelform; ovary
spherical............................................39 : Chiapasia Br. & R.
Flowers not bellshaped, offset above the
tube, petals lax, narrow; tube shor­
ter; ovary e lo n g a te d ........................40 : Disocactus Lindl.
27
CLASSIFICATION

Flowers rather small

Tube narrow, thin
Limb little opening, not revolute . . . 41: Wittia K. Sch.

Subtribe 3: Hylocereinae Backbg.

Key to the G roups:
Stems modified and clinging, flat or 3-winged Group 1: Strophocerei Backbg.
Stems not modified and clinging, angular or
many-ribbed; not thin and pen­
dulous ................................................Group 2: Nyctohylocerei Backbg.
Stems thin, p e n d u lo u s ................................Group 3: Heliohylocerei Backbg.

Group 1: Strophocerei Backbg.

Key to the Subgroups:
Stems flat, clinging (rarely 3-angled) . . .
Subgroup 1: Nyctostrophocerei
Backbg.
Stems typically 3-angled, w inged................ Subgroup 2: Fleliostrophocerei
Backbg.

Subgroup 1: Nyctostrophocerei Backbg.

One Genus only:
Night-flowering; ovary and fruit with felt
and bristly s p i n e s ............................42: Strophocactus Br. & R.

Subgroup 2: Heliostrophocerei Backbg.

One Genus only:
Day-flowering; ovary with hairs and bristles;
Fruit very s p in y ................................43: Deanna Br. & R.

Group 2: Nyctohylocerei Backbg.

Key to the Subgroups:
Ovaries not noticeably scaly, with spines or
stiff bristles in the a x i l s ....................Subgroup 1: Selenicerei Backbg.
Ovaries noticeably densely scaly, axils ± or
completely g la b ro u s ........................Subgroup 2: Hylocerei Backbg.

Subgroup 1: Selenicerei Backbg.

Key to the Genera:
Corolla-tube more strongly spiny
Fruits or ovary not bossed, strongly spiny
Tube short, stout; ovary with many
sharp black s p in e s ............................44: Werckleocereus Br. & R.
Tube longer, with + long hair and
s p in e s ................................................45: Selenicereus (Berg.) Br. & R.
Corolla-tube with a few spines or bristles
only at the base (47)
28
 CLASSIFICATION

Fruits (or ovary) + bossed at first, laxly

spiny or only hairy (47)
Tube longer, funnelform, scales small,
ovary and fruit s p in y ........................46: Mediocactus Br. & R.
Tube shorter, scales curved, ovary with
stiff bristles; fruit h a ir y .................... 47: Weberocereus Br. & R.

Subgroup 2: Hylocerei Backbg.

Key to the G enera:
Flowers ± glabrous
Flowers rather small, with almost no tube,
+ glabrous........................................48: Wilmattea Br. & R.
Flowers large, funnelform, glabrous . . 49: Hylocereus (Berg.) Br. & R.

Group 3: Heliohylocerei Backbg.

One Genus only:
Stems thin, pendant; flowers + zygomor-
phic, diurnal
Tube bristly, or ovary only; fruit
sim ilarly............................................50: Aporocactus Lem.

Tribe 2: Cereeae Br. & R. emend. Backbg.

Key to the Semitribes:
Southern taxa, having floral characters
differing from those of the north;
many spines or bristles still present
on flowers and fruits of spherical
fo r m s ................................................Semitribe 1: Austrocereeae Backbg.
Northern taxa, having floral characters
differing from those of the south;
flowers and fruits of the spherical
forms never spiny or bristly . . . . Semitribe 2: Boreocereeae Backbg.

Semitribe 1: Austrocereeae Backbg.

Key to the Subtribes:
Cereoid forms, in some instances much
reduced: dwarf-cereoid (Cham-
aecereus) and ± spherical (Pseudo- .
lobivia................................................Subtrike 1: Astroceremae Backbg.
Cactoid forms, ± elongated only in in- .
termediates or in older plants . . . Subtribe 2: Austrocactinae Backbg.

Subtribe 1: Austrocereinae Backbg.

Key to the G roups:
Small, semi-epiphytic to epiphytic shrubs;
ovary and fruit s p in y ........................Group 1: Pfeifferae Berg.
Small, terrestrial colonies; ovary with some
indumentum, fruit glabrous . . . . Group 2: Milae Backbg.
29
CLASSIFICATION

Erect or rarely prostrate cerei; flowers with

ovaries or fruits ± spiny, in part
from modified areoles........................ Group 3: Corryocerei Backbg.
Erect, tree-like cerei; ovaries and fruits
g la b ro u s............................................ Group 4: Gymnanthocerei Backbg.
Erect to prostrate cerei; flowers specialised,
narrow-limbed or zygomorphic. . . Group 5: Loxanthocerei Backbg.
Erect cerei; flowers + funnelform, hairy;
only intermediates with + bristly but
never spiny ovary; fruit ± hairy . . Group 6: Trichocerei Berg.
emend. Backbg.

Group 1: Pfeiffer ae Berg.

One Genus only:
Plants with small flowers and fruits; fruit
spiny, small-spherical........................51: Pfeiffera SD.

Group 2: Milae Backbg.

One Genus only:
Plants with small flowers and fruits; fruits
almost completely naked; stems soft-
fleshy ................................................52: Mila Br. & R.

Group 3: Corryocerei Backbg.

Key to the Subgroups:
Flowers diurnal, not constricted; in 2 genera
from modified areoles........................ Subgroup 1: Heliocorryocerei
Backbg.
Flowers nocturnal, constricted; areoles
never modified.................................... Subgroup 2: Nyctocorryocerei
Backbg.

Subgroup 1: Eleliocorryocerei Backbg.

Key to the Genera:
Flowering areoles not modified
Flowers borne high on the flanks, mostly
larger, fruits likewise; tube bell­
shaped, not s p i n y ............................ 53: Corryocactus Br. & R.
Flowers (usually) borne near the apex,
smaller, the rather thin-skinned fruits
similarly; tube not bellshaped, spiny 54: Erdisia Br. & R.
Flowering areoles modified
Areoles large and bulbous to cylindrically
elongated
Flowers shortly funnelform; tube not
clearly s p i n y .................................... 55: Neoraimondia Br. & R.
Areoles somewhat round and thickened
Flowers more cylindric; tube with long
s p in e s ................................................ 56: Neocardenasia Backbg.
30
 CLASSIFICATION

Genera which have not been described or are insufficiently known:

(Day or night flowering ?)
Flowers bellshaped, white; plants forming
branching t r e e s ................................57: Yungasocereus Ritt.
Flowers black and white(?), tubular, with
dense wool and bristles; tree-like . . 58: Lasiocereus Ritt.
Subgroup 2: Nyctocorryocerei Backbg.
Key to the Genera:
Large, erect columns, with constrictions
marking annual growth
Buds of normal structure
Inner petals not very narrow
Fruit fairly large, spiny .................59: Armatocereus Backbg.
Buds enclosed within the ovary-envelope
Fruit long, angular, + spineless . . 60: Calymmanthium Ritt.
Slender, low-growing columns, in groups;
no demarcation of annual growth
Inner petals very narrow
Fruit rather small, only 1.3 cm 0
(2.5-4 cm l o n g ) ............................61: Brachycereus Br. & R.

Group 4: Gymnanthocerei Backbg.

Key to the Genera:
Flowers at most with traces of felt
Scales small, especially on ovary . . . 62: Jasminocereus Br. & R.

Flowers completely glabrous

Limb straight; fruit not dry
Scales larger
Scales densely imbricate.................... 63 : Stetsonia Br. & R.
Scales laxly outspread, elongated . . 64 : Browningia Br. & R.
Scales broad, shrivelling after an-
thesis, ± absent on the fruit . . . 65 : Gymnocereus Backbg.
Limb somewhat oblique; fruit dry
Scales dense on tube and ovary . . . . 66 : Azureocereus Akers & Johnson

Group 5: Loxanthocerei Backbg.

Key to the Subgroups:
Juvenile forms always c e r e o id ....................Subgroup 1: Euloxanthocerei
Backbg.
Juvenile forms in part spherical or short . . Subgroup 2: Brachyloxanthocerei
Backbg.

Subgroup 1: Euloxanthocerei Backbg.

Key to the Genera:
Flowers always cylindric; limb straight,
moderately broad, not opening to
funnelform; tube straight, in part
31
CLASSIFICATION

with hairs inside (larger shrubs). . . 67; Clistanthocereus Backbg.

Flowers not always cylindric; opening ±
funnelform in 68-70, ± oblique and
narrower in 71-73, 77 and 78,
cleistocactoid-cylindric and with
short narrow limb in 74-76
Stems hairless (at most with apical hairy
felt)
Flowers (perianth) broader, + zygo-
morphic
Flowering areoles without bristle-
zone
Flowers with a funnelform throat,
± zygomorphic
Tube round, mostly ± bent
Perianth without inner, shor­
ter series ± pressed against
the s t y l e ............................ 68: Loxanthocereus Backbg.
Perianth with an inner, shor­
ter series pressed against
the style; petals lax and
longer or more widely
spreading............................ 69: Winterocereus Backbg. nom.
nov. (Winteria Ritt.)
Flowers very zygomorphic
Tube c o m p re sse d .................... 70: Bolivicereus Card.
Tube circular, throat rather nar­
row, not opening to funnelform 71: Borzicactus Rice.
Flowering areoles with bristle-zone
Tube-indumentum lacking bristles
Tube + co m p ressed ................ 72: Seticereus Backbg.
Tube-indumentum with bristles
Tube ro u n d ................................ 73: Akersia Buin.
Flowers opening only very slightly
Tube and fruit bristly........................ 74 : Seticleistocactus Backbg.
Tube and fruit without bristles
Tube in part curved or bent, or
sometimes + straight
Flowering-zone not bristly. . . 75: Cleistocactus Lem.
Flowering-zone bristly . . . . 76: Cephalocleistocactus Ritt.
Stems usually hairy
Cephalium a b s e n t.................................... 77: Oreocereus (Berg.) Rice.
Cephalium a p i c a l .................................... 78: Morawetzia Backbg.

Subgroup 2: Brachyloxanthocerei Backbg.

Key to the Genera:
Flowers hairy
Plants eventually columnar
Floral limb ± closed, not oblique;
anthers projecting; tube-base with
woolly r i n g ........................................79: Denmoza Br. & R.
Floral limb open, oblique; without
32
 CLASSIFICATION

woolly ring at tube-base....................80: Arequipa Br. & R.

Plants remaining ± spherical
Floral limb oblique; anthers directed
u p w a rd s ............................................ 81 : Submatucana Backbg.
Flowers glabrous
Plants spherical to ± elongated
Floral limb + oblique; petals mostly
rather strongly recurved....................82: Matucana Br. & R.

Group 6: Trichocerei Berg, emend. Backbg.

Key to the Subgroups:
Tall, erect or lower, more slender columns;
flowers nocturnal, in part open the
next day, the tubes then not abbrev­
iated and broadly funnelform . . . Subgroup 1 : Nyctotrichocerei
Backbg.
Erect, stoutly columnar and medium-tall, or
dwarf, slender and basally offsetting
cerei, with abbreviated, broadly fun­
nelform, diurnal flowers; or bodies
± cylindrically reduced, the flowers
then open only during the day . . . Subgroup 2: Heliotrichocerei
Backbg.

Subgroup 1: Nyctotrichocerei Backbg.

Key to the G enera:
Floral tubes + bristly, + hairy
Flowers narrowly cylindric, tubes with a
few bristles; fruit with some in­
dumentum only at the base . . . . 83: Samaipaticereus Card.
Flowers bellshaped, with fairly dense
bristles (fruit similarly above) . . . 84: Philippicereus Backbg.
Flowers long-tubed, slender, medium­
sized, mostly autogamous, petals
narrow; ovary sometimes bristly;
fruit not bristly; body slender, dwarf-
cereoid................................................ 85: Setiechinopsis (Backbg.) De FIaas
Flower-tube never bristly, only hairy (fruit
similarly)
Body never cactoid in juveniles
Limb never conspicuously oblique
Stouter columns with funnelform
flowers
Scales not very large or not pro­
jecting, those on the fruit not
conspicuously triangular . . 86: Trichocereus (Berg.) Rice.
Taller cerei; flowers more large-
funnelform, more nocturnal SG. 1: Trichocereus
Medium-tall to lower-growing
or colony-forming cerei;
flowers shortly funnelform,
33
CLASSIFICATION

remaining open next day (in

part for several days) . . . . SG. 2 : Medioeulychnia Backbg.
Scales on ovary large, ± project­
ing, those on the fruit tri­
angular and red (inclined
plants; intermediate to Erio-
cereusl), axils strongly hirsute 87 : Roseocereus (Backbg.) Backbg.
Tree-like cerei, flowers shortly cam­
panulate, with silky hairs (hairs
in part very short), nocturnal,
remaining open the next day (as
in SG. 2 of Trichocereus)
Scales fairly dense on tube and
f r u it............................................ 88 : Eulychnia Phil.
Lower or slender columnar cacti
Flowers bellshaped to funnelform,
densely s c a l y ............................ 89 : Rauhocereus Backbg.
Flowers funnelform, slenderer
than in Trichocereus, only
slightly h a i r y ............................ 90: Haageocereus Backbg.
Dwarf plants ; floral tube long, thin 91 : Pygmaeocereus Johns. & Backbg.
Floral limb mostly + oblique, tube
bent + to S-shape, densely scaly;
fruit only slightly hairy
Nocturnal and also diurnal? . . . 92 : Weberbauerocereus Backbg.
Body at first + cactoid (reduced), in part
columnar
Floral limb straight
Flowers long, ± slender funnelform,
with hairs o n l y ........................ 93 : Echinopsis Zucc.

Subgroup 2 : Heliotrichocerei Backbg.

Key to the Genera :
Body thick-columnar, eventually branching
Floral tube or fruit bristly; flower broadly
funnelform
Flowers borne near the apex . . . . 94 : Leucostele Backbg.
Floral tube and fruit not bristly................ 95 : Helianthocereus Backbg.
Flowers apical or high on the body SG. 1 : Helianthocereus
Body slenderer, forming lower colonies
Flowers borne high on the sides . . SG. 1: Neohelianthocereus Backbg.
Body dwarf-cereoid
Flowers slender-funnelform . . . . 96 : Chamaecereus Br. & R.
Body + flattened-spherical and reduced,
never elongated
Flowers slender-funnelform, similar
to Echinopsis, rather slenderer,
mostly shorter; ribs + notched to
h atch et-sh ap ed ............................ 97 : Pseudolobivia (Backbg.) Backbg.
34
 CLASSIFICATION

Subtribe 2: Austrocactinae Backbg.

Key to the G roups:
Flowers from older areoles, + on the sides
or lower; + elongated-funnelform Group 1: Lobiviae Backbg.
Flowers from younger areoles nearer the
apex, never low on the body, mostly
shorter................................................Group 2: Austroechinocacti Backbg.

Group 1: Lobiviae Backbg.

Key to the Subgroups:
Tube and fruit hairy (fruit in one case spiny) Subgroup 1: Eriolobiviae Backbg.
Tube and fruit hairy, with slender bristles . Subgroup 2: Chaetolobiviae Backbg.
Fube and fruit glabrous Subgroup 3: Gymnolobiviae Backbg.

Subgroup 1 : Eriolobiviae Backbg.

Key to the Genera :
Flowers funnelform, nocturnal, self-fertile
or autogamous ; fruit spiny . . . . 98 : Acantholobivia Backbg.
Flowers wide-funnelform; fruit hairy
Scales of the tube mucronate
Flower-base with a ring of hairs . . . 99 : Acanthocalycium Backbg.
Flowers funnelform, opening variously, ring
of hairs absent ; fruit hairy................ 100 : Lohma Br. & R.
Inner petals + erect to incurved, outer
ones recurved.................................... SG. 1 : Lobivia
Corolla broadly funnelform to rotate . . SG. 2 : Neolobivia Backbg.

Subgroup 2: Chaetolobiviae Backbg.

Key to the Genera :
Flowers slender-funnelform, sparsely hairy
and b r is tly ........................................ 101 : Mediolobivia Backbg.
Tubercles replacing ribs; plant spherical
Style completely f r e e ............................ SG. 1 : Mediolobivia
Ribs tuberculate but clearly discernible,
or long-cylindric species in part with
small tubercles
Style mostly + united............................ SG. 2 : Pygmaeolobivia Backbg.
Flowers appearing to be stalked, petals
projecting
Style completely united with the tube . 102 : Aylostera Speg.

Subgroup 3: Gymnolobiviae Backbg.

Key to the Genera:
Flowers slender-funnelform, without hairs
or bristles
Taproot and furrow absent; spines only
fine, bristly; areoles circular . . . . 103: Rebutía K. Sch.
35
CLASSIFICATION

Style entirely f r e e ................................ SG. 1: Rebutia

Style somewhat united . . ................ SG. 2: Neorebutia Bewge.
Taproot present; spines + stiffer; areoles
narrow, l o n g .................................... 104: Sulcorebutia Backbg.

Group 2: Austroechinocacti Backbg.

The primary task of phytography (plant-description) is to record accurately the overall
picture of natural objects. However, systematic arrangement nowadays requires that
factors of geographical distribution should be taken into consideration as well, related
both to the occurrence of the individual, and its place in the distribution overall.
Phylogenetic considerations are more a theoretical specialism, whereas any
phytographic classification must be based on a carefully considered and deliberate
arranging of the facts. Systematic recognition must be given on the one hand to the
clearly discernible dual nature of the total distribution, into a major northern, and a
major southern zone (see the taxa bearing the prefixes “Austro” and “Boreo”). On the
other hand it is essential, for the sake of clarity, to retain some of the conventional
distinctions, e.g. the generic segregation of Trichocereus and Echinopsis, which have
long been seen as vital. For the same reason the genus Pseudolobivia—some of whose
species bear a closer resemblance to Lobivia than to Echinopsis—has been kept distinct.
Nature’s inventiveness obviously transcends the production of forms and transitional
stages; her works take no account either of human theoreticians or of our urge to
classify. Nevertheless she presents us with sufficient data to enable us to perform the
task—e.g. the duality of the total distribution referred to above. Because of earlier
failure to recognise this, no convincing systematic arrangement has yet been
developed. The most conspicuous difficulty has been a satisfactory arrangement to deal
with the globular cacti of the Pacific zone and their East Andean relatives
(Pyrrhocactus). The southern Andean elevation is very ancient, so that from time
immemorial it has prevented any spread from east to west. Moreover we have no
precise knowledge of the genesis of the Pacific species. Phytographic classification,
relying on facts and ignoring theory, requires us to assume that the genera or species of
the South American west coast have evolved along their own separate lines for long
periods of time, possibly from a common ancestral population, and this has sometimes
led to certain similarities. If this line of reasoning is accepted, the distinctions are more
sharply focussed and the systematic arrangement of this group of the Cactaceae
becomes much simpler. Care is of course still needed in diagnosis; the characters of the
northern and southern genera must be compared; and the features established as
separating the East Andean group from that of the Pacific must be given full weight.
For this reason I have separated the “Austroechinocacti” into an “Eastern Branch”
and a “Western Branch” , since this harmonizes the systematic arrangement with the
geological or phylogenetic facts.

(Group 2: Austroechinocacti): Eastern Branch

Key to the Genera :
Flowers (or ovary and fruit) spiny (spines in
part bristly
Flowers funnelform, conspicuous; body
s o f t ....................................................105 : Austrocactus Br. & R.
Flowers short, conspicuous, + urnshaped
(spines bristly)....................................106 : Pyrrhocactus Berg, emend.
Backbg.
36
 CLASSIFICATION

Flowers small, spiny, + tubeless, inner

petals curved inwards........................ 107: Brasilicactus Backbg.
Floral tube + bristly (reduced in Blossfel-
dia) ; tube ± hairy
Flowers ± funnelform to small and ±
tubeless
Flowers conspicuous; fruits drying to
thin-m em branous............................ 108: Parodia Speg.
Flowers short, moderately large, set
in a woolly crown; fruit berry-like,
lengthening at m aturity.................... 109: Wigginsia D. M. Port.
(Malacocarpus SD. non Fisch. &
Mey.)
Flowers quite large, short-tubed, open­
ing fully; fruit fleshy, spherical,
splitting basally; crown woolly . . . 110: Eriocactus Backbg.
Flowers funnelform, medium-large to
quite large, tube usually longer . . . 111: Notocactus (K. Sch.) Berg.
emend. Backbg.
Fruit small-spherical, fleshy, splitting SG. 1: Notocactus
Fruit elongated at maturity, in part
becoming soft or disintegrating. . SG. 2: Neonotocactus Backbg.
Flowers small, somewhat funnelform,
with bristles above; fruit small-
spherical, with bristles above; seeds
not dust-fine (flowers often cleisto-
gamous or autogamous).................... 112: Frailea Br. & R.
Flowers minute, funnelform to bell­
shaped (mostly autogamous?),
bristles missing on tube and fruit;
seeds dust-fine, with a larger hilum 113: Blossfeldia Werd.
Flowers and fruit without bristles, only hairs
or traces of felt present
Flowers stoutly funnelform, hairy, the
spherical desiccating fruit similarly
(body large, s p h e ric a l).................... 114: Soehrensia Backbg.
Flowers slender, inner petals incurved;
tube, ovary and fruit with traces of
felt only; fruit dehiscing basally,
seeds falling o u t ................................ 115: Oroya Br. & R.
Flowers and fruit glabrous, only scaly
Flowers larger, + funnelform, tube with
larger scales, fruit similarly . . . . 116: Gymnocalycium Pfeiff.
Flowers larger, + urnshaped, tube absent
Fruit stout, scaly................................ 117: Brachycalycium Backbg.
Flowers + small, fruit similarly
Bodies in part separated from the tap­
root by a stalk-like section
Fruit small-spherical, indehiscent 118: Weingartia Werd.
Bodies flat, on a thick taproot
Fruit minute, with very few seeds 119: Neowerdermannia Fric
(now classified as Weingartia
Werd.)
37
CLASSIFICATION

(Group 2: Austroeechinocacti): Pacific Branch

Key to the Genera:
Plants eventually stout-cylindric, apex not
felted; up to 1\ m; fruit fleshy . . . 120: Rodentiophila Ritt. (not
described)
Plants never becoming stout-cylindric; fruit
not fleshy
Apex + felted, sometimes + glabrous
Flowers funnelform, opening fully
Bristles present on the flower
Flowers not tubeless, not dioe­
cious
Tube + hairy, ovary and fruit
sim ila rly ................................ 121: Neochilenia Backbg.
Tube, ovary and fruit with only
traces of felt............................ 122: Horridocactus Backbg.
Flowers tubeless, dioecious . . . 123: Delaetia Backbg.
Bristles absent on the flower
Tube fairly short; ovary and
fruit densely h a i r y ................ 124: Reicheocactus Backbg.
Flowers with a stalk-like tube; inner
petals connivent
Bristles present on upper part of tube
and fruit
Tube, ovary and fruit with only
traces of felt........................' . 125: Neoporteria Br. & R.
emend. Backbg.
Plants large, robustly spherical, with apical
felt
Flowers bellshaped-funnelform, with de­
nse white hairs, with bristles above,
fruit similarly and dehiscing basally . 126: Eriosyce Phil.
Plants spherical to elongated; apex felted
Flowers short-funnelform, rather small,
laxly hairy, bristly above (fruit sim­
ilarly)
Fruit + elongated at maturity; seeds,
in part, in a membranous pocket . . 127: Islaya Backbg.
Flowers and fruits with woolly hairs,
otherwise similar to Copiapoa . . . 128: Pilocopiapoa Ritt.
Flowers + tubeless
Flower and fruit glabrous
Fruit splitting above at maturity (two
forms: cereoid and cushion­
forming plants) ................' . . . 129: Copiapoa Br. & R.

Semitribe 2: Boreocereeae Backbg.

Key to the Subtribes:
Cereoid forms, in some genera (Echino-
cereus, Arthrocereus) greatly reduced
to dwarf; with one ± cactoid but
38
 CLASSIFICATION

cephalium-bearing branch (Cepha-

locacti)................................................Subtribe 1: Boreocereinae Backbg.
Cactoid forms (without cephalium), varying
in size from the giant to the dwarf
(parallelism to the southern zone of
the cactoid plants); flowers never
with spines or bristles (as in many S.
American genera), in some cases
borne in the axils (never known in the
S. American g e n e ra )........................Subtribe 2: Boreocactinae Backbg.

Subtribe 1: Boreocereinae Backbg.

Key to the G roups:
Shrubby to tree-like
Flowers with a line of reduction: tube
with spines to bristles or only hairs
Tubes broadly funnelform; if more
cylindric, then the limb is shorter;
fruit in part glabrous (nocturnal and
diurnal flo w ers)................................ Group 1: Leptocerei Berg.
Flowers + cylindric-bellshaped, small,
with or without a ring of hairs inside
Tubes densely set with scales, hairs and
bristles
(Flowers nocturnal?)........................ Group 2: Leocerei Backbg.
Small cerei, grouped or laxly branching,
with soft flesh
Flowers funnelform, spiny to ± bristly
(d iu rn al)............................................ Group 3: Echinocerei Backbg.
Shrubby, larger to small
Flowers + slender-funnelform, larger
(nocturnal)
Tubes spiny-bristly to only hairy . . . Group 4: Nyctocerei Berg.
emend. Backbg.
Shrubby, erect to prostrate
Flowers variously sized, ± funnelform,
the limb in part narrow and oblique,
with spines or bristly spines (diurnal)
Tubes long to short................................ Group 5: Heliocerei Backbg.
Large, erect columnar cacti (only Hertricho-
cereus is bushy and lower)
Flowers varying from funnelform to
bellshaped or more cylindric, mod­
erately large, medium-sized to small­
er, in one case (Polaskia) quite small
Tubes with a complete line of reduction
from spiny-bristly to glabrous or
naked; fruits similarly, although in
part spiny at first; in one branch of
the Group which has bristly, hairy or
glabrous flowers, various types of
cephalium-development occur: lat-
39
CLASSIFICATION

eral and sometimes eventually en­

circling or apical, in part with sub­
sequent growth continuing beyond
(parallelism to some genera of
Cephalocerei; day or night-flowering
(in some cases not know n)................ Group 6: Pachycerei Berg.
emend. Backbg.
Broadly branching, semi-treelike to erect-
shrubby
Flowers small, glabrous, usually several
together from one areole
Tubes very short, glabrous (day or
night-flowering)......................... . Group 7: Polyanthocerei Backbg.
Bushy-shrubby, erect to inclined, or tree-like
Flowers funnelform, + scaly; tubes and
ovaries glabrous (night-flowering) . Group 8: Gymnocerei Berg, emend.
Backbg.
Shrubby to tree-like, erect
Flowers from + modified areoles, +
bellshaped to funnelform-bellshaped
or ± cylindric; flowering zone with
longer bristles, with ribs in part
dissolving, with hair-development
(up to complete reduction), with
cephalia of various types (parallelism
to corresponding stages in the Pachy-
cerei although here the cephalia are
much more compact, corresponding
to the stout stems), lateral, in part in
a groove, or apical
Tubes with felt, hairs, bristles, to
glabrous and naked, with all in­
termediate stages; in one case [Castel-
lanosia: bellshaped flowers] day­
flowering, otherwise always noctur­
nal .................................................... Group 9: Cephalocerei Backbg.
Spherical plants with apical cephalia
(branch of the Cephalocerei?)
Flowers small to fairly large; fruit a berry
Tubes glabrous (day or night­
flowering) ........................................ Group 10: Cephalocacti Backbg.

Group 1: Leptocerei Berg.

Key to the Subgroups
Flowers funnelform or (Neoabbottia) more
cylindrical (n o c tu rn a l).........................Subgroup 1: Nyctoleptocerei Backbg.
Flowers bellshaped-cylindric, stout, rather
short (diurnal)....................................Subgroup 2: Flelioleptocerei Backbg.

40
 CLASSIFICATION

Subgroup 1: Nyctoieptocerei Backbg.

Key to the Genera:
Tall, bushy shrubs with curving shoots and
few prominent ribs
Flowers large, mostly spiny, fruit simi­
larly ; perianth funnelform................ 130: Acanthocereus (Berg.) Br. & R.
Sparsely shrubby to (in part dimorphic)
plants with virgate shoots; with
taproots (in part stouter)
Flowers slender-funnelform, with down-
curving perianth; tube, ovary and
fruit with + stiff bristly spines . . . 131: Peniocereus (Berg.) Br. & R.
Tree-like plants with few ribs
Flowers large-funnelform, with spines on
the tube ± reduced; with a ring of
felt above the nectary
Fruit pear-shaped, glabrous . . . . 132: Dendrocereus Br. & R.
Flowers cylindric, short-limbed, with only
short hairs
Fruit ovoid, glabrous (flowers borne
either high on the flank or apically, in
part from a ± felty zone); buds
b ristly -sp in y .................................... 133: Neoabbottia Br. & R.

Subgroup 2: Helioleptocerei Backbg.

One Genus only:
Prostrate and bushy to tall-shrubby and +
tree-like, mostly with thin ribs
Flowers bellshaped-cylindric, spiny
Fruit ± sp in y ........................................134: Leptocereus (Berg.) Br. & R.

Group 2: Leocerei Backbg.

Key to the Genera:
Plants with thin stems (night-flowering?)
Flowers small, no ring of hairs inside
Tube hairy and in part spiny-bristly,
with dense scales (flowering areoles
with thicker w o o l) ............................135: Leocereus Br. & R.
Plants tree like
Flowers small, with interior ring of longer
hairs
Tube only hairy (flower short-limbed) 136: Zehntnerella Br. & R.

Group 3: Echinocerei Backbg.

Key to the Genera:
Plants low-growing, robust, erect, solitary
(cylindric), to ± prostrate, more
slender and quite strongly branching
to colony-forming
41
CLASSIFICATION

Flowers shortly to long-funnelform,

spiny; fruits similarly........................137: Echinocereus Eng.
Plants slender, with flexible, thin to long and
branching stems; with tuberous
roots
Flowers quite small-funnelform, they and
the fruits with ± stiff bristly spines . 138: Wilcoxia Br. & R.

Group 4: Nyctocerei Berg, emend. Backbg.

Key to the G enera:
Shrubs with fairly slender branches or
shoots, + erect to prostrate
Flowers funnelform, apical, or in part
from the apex of the previous year
which is marked by a thickening of
the stem
Tube ± long, bristly-spiny
Fruit bristly-spiny............................ 139: Nyctocereus (Berg.) Br. & R.
Flowers conspicuously or fairly large-
funnelform
Tube and ovary + hairy
Fruit red, + slightly hairy, in part
spiny, dehiscent............................ 140: Eriocereus (Berg.) Rice.
Fruit yellowish, with felt only, inde-
hiscent............................................ 141: Harrisia Britton
Low-growing plants, in part arising from
larger woody roots
Flowers + slender-funnelform, + hairy
(fruit s im ila rly )........................... . 142: Arthrocereus Berg.
Tube thin, faintly h a iry ........................ SG. 1: Arthrocereus
Tube stouter, fairly densely hairy . . . SG. 2: Cutakia Backbg.
Plants stouter, low and bushy or prostrate
Flowers with a slender tube
Tube spiny only below
Fruit or ovary s p i n y ........................ 143: Machaerocereus Br. & R.

Group 5: Heliocerei Backbg.

Key to the Genera:
Flowers straight-limbed
Stems fairly soft, with few angles (3-4 or
somewhat more), inclined-shrubby
Flowers large-funnelform
Tube medium-long, spiny
Fruit or ovary s p i n y ....................144: Heliocereus (Berg.) Br. & R.
Stems more rigid, thin to stouter, +
prostrate, freely branching to form
colonies
Flowers rather small
Tube short, densely spiny
Fruit or ovary spiny
42
 CLASSIFICATION

(Fruit spherical, densely spiny) 145 : Bergerocactus Br. & R.

Flowers + zygomorphic
Steins slender, weaker, in part erect or
curved
Flowers with a narrow tube
Ovary only sometimes spiny
Fruit s p in y ....................................146 : Rathbunia Br. & R.

Group 6: Pachycerei Berg, emend. Backbg.

Key to the Genera :
Plants without cephalium-development
Stems robust, erect
Flowers without parchmenty scales
Flowers small; petals recurved
Tube very short
Ovary densely scaly
Fruit shortly spiny 147 : Polaskia Backbg.
Flowers larger
Tube or flower not constricted
Flowers bellshaped, apical
Tube and ovary hairy and
bristly
Fruit s p in y ........................ 148 : Lemaireocereus Br. & R.
emend. Backbg
Flowers funnelform-bellshaped
Tube densely felty
Ovary densely felty, ±
bristly
Fruit with + long bristly
spines or only felty . . 149 : Pachycereus (Berg.) Br. & R.
Flowers funnelform
Tube with long hairs and
dense bristles
Ovary hairy and bristly
Fruit s p in y .................... 150 : Heliabravoa Backbg.
Tube with felt and short hairs,
sometimes with a bristle in
the axils
Ovary bristly-spiny
Fruit s p in y .................... 151 : Marshallocereus Backbg.
Tube glabrous, distantly scaly
Ovary spiny above
Fruit (shortly) spiny 152 : Rooksbya Backbg.
Tube ± glabrous or shortly
felty
Ovary shortly felty
Fruit s p in y .................... 153 : Rittereocereus Backbg.
Tube with traces only of felt
Ovary similarly
Fruit only sometimes
with minute spines . . 154 : Carnegiea Br. & R. non Perkins
Flowers cylindric-bellshaped to
43
CLASSIFICATION

more broadly limbed

Tube glabrous, scaly
Fruit + glabrous to in
part with bristly spine-
lets and a + felty p a d . 155: Neobuxbaumia Backbg.
Ovary not constricted;
scale-axils on fruit +
felty, sometimes bristly
or ± reduced; scales in
part with a desiccating
appendage and then de­
ciduous (Dawson) . . . SG. 1: Neobuxbaumia
Ovary constricted; flowers
cylindric-bellshaped, not
cylindric-tubular; ovary
with fairly large scales
but indumentum com­
pletely reduced . . . . SG. 2: Crassocereus Backbg.
Flowers cylindric-funnelform
Tube with thick, fleshy scales,
strongly felty, spiny
Ovary felty, spiny
Fruit with fleshy wall,
with felt and spines. . 156: Pterocereus McDoug. & Mir.
Tube or flower constricted
Flowers rather narrow-cylindric,
shortly hairy
Tube with solitary bristles
Ovary only felty
Fruit spiny (aroles bear­
ing more than one
flower each)................ 157: Marginatocereus (Backbg.)
Backbg
Tube not bristly
Ovary bristly
Fruit s p in y .................... 158: Stenocereus (Berg.) Rice.
Fruit (and ovary) felty,
only sometimes with a
few b ristle s................ 159: Isolatocereus (Backbg.) Backbg
Flowers with parchmenty scales
Flowers quite large, broad-
funnelform
Tube with dense, recurved
scales, felty
Ovary similarly, bristly
F ruit (felty, with
bristly spines?) re­
putedly dry . . . . 160: Anisocereus Backbg.
Flowers shortly bellshaped, smaller
Tube with triangular scales,
glabrous
Ovary and fruit with dry
scales, glabrous
44
 CLASSIFICATION

Fruit fleshy................ 161: Escontria Rose

Stems thinner, arching to prostrate
Flowers funnelform, only medium­
sized (morning-flowering)
Tube with few scales, glabrous
Ovary (scales) slightly felty, with
tiny spines (Br. & R.), but these
not constant or developing later
(as the fruit starts to ripen?)
Fruit tuberculate, small, spiny,
drying up and splitting bas-
ally (“like Oreocereus" : Br. &
R., The Cact. IV : 274) . . . 162: Hertrichocereus Backbg.
Plants with cephalioid development
Stems large, erect
Apical tufts or cephalia of felt, hairs or
modified spines
Cephalium of hairy felt and/or more
strongly modified spines
Flowers bellshaped, with dense
hairs and bristles
Ovary and fruit similarly . . 163: Mitrocereus (Backbg.) Backbg.
Cephalium apical, hairy, with new
growth extending beyond it
Flowers + bellshaped to
cylindrical-funnelform
Tube with small scales, some felt
and sometimes short bristles
Ovary and fruit hairy, fruit
with short spines................ 164: Neodawsonia Backbg.
Cephalium lateral or encircling stem, of
hairs or in part bristles
Cephalium widening to eventually
encircling, of white wool with
bristly spines
Flowers broad-funnelform, yel­
lowish to pink, hairy
Fruit, violet-red, slightly hairy 165: Cephalocereus Pfeiff.
Cephalium of long bristles, later
irregularly widening, also de­
current laterally, interspersed
only with short wool
Flowers ± cylindric
Tube with flaky felt and few
bristles
Ovary similarly but bristles
mostly in the upper part
Fruit with a few scales,
with wool and longer
bristles above (seeds
comma-shaped) . . . 166: Backebergia H. Bravo
Cephalium of hairs and bristles,
always) ?) on one side only, on
45
CLASSIFICATION

tapering shoot-tips
Flowers shortly bellshaped
Tube + scaly, glabrous
Ovary (probably also fruit)
n a k e d ............................167: Haseltonia Backbg.

Group 7: Polyanthocerei Backbg.

Key to the Subgroups:
Tree-like plants with broad crowns, gen­
erally branching more freely above
Without longer spines from flowering
areoles (day-flowering).................... Subgroup 1: Heliopolyanthocerei
Backbg.
Broadly bushy plants with stouter stems,
mostly branching from the base
In some cases with longer spines from
flowering areoles (night-flowering) . Subgroup 2: Nyctopolyanthocerei
Backbg.

Subgroup 1: Heliopolyanthocerei Backbg.

One Genus only:
Flowers small, sometimes several simul­
taneously
Tube + absent
Ovary spherical, with rudimentary
scales
Fruit n ak ed ........................................168: Myrtillocactus Cons.

Subgroup 2: Nyctopolyanthocerei Backbg.

One Genus only:
Tube short but present, slender, shortly
scaly
Ovary with several tiny scales
Fruit small, glabrous or sometimes
with tiny s p in e s ............................169: Lophocereus (Berg.) Br. & R.

Group 8: Gymnocerei Berg, emend. Backbg.

Key to the Genera:
Flowers + curved or bent, bellshaped above
the tube
Tube with large scales, stoutly short-
funnelform, scaly, glabrous
Ovary short, densely scaly, glabrous
Fruit small, with protuberances,
glabrous, with semilunate scales . 170: Brasilicereus Backbg.
Flowers slender-cylindric, glabrous,
medium-sized; the entire dried-up flower
persisting and not just the style................171: Monvillea Br. & R.
Tube with small scales, glabrous
46
 CLASSIFICATION

Ovary and fruit + spherical . . . . SG. 1: Monvillea

Ovary and fruit slender-oblong (fruit
± clavate or e llip s o id )................ SG. 2: Ebneria Backbg.
Ovary and fruit oblong to + ovoid SG. 3: Hummelia Backbg.
Flowers very large, falling after anthesis;
style persisting
Tube only slightly scaly; fruit smooth . . 172: Cereus Mill.
Fruit d e h is c e n t................................ SG. 1: Cereus
Fruit indehiscent................................ SG. 2: Neocereus Backbg.

Group 9: Cephalocerei Backbg.

Key to the Subgroups:
True cephalium absent, but with longer
spines from flowering areoles, or with
+ areolar hairs in the flowering zone SGr. 1: Acephalocerei Backbg.
’■lass of wool or hairs from normal areoles,
forming a pseudocephalium; ribs not
resolving; with lidded fruit (flowers
very s m a ll) ........................................ SGr. 2: Hemicephalocerei Backbg.
Cephalia of different types, lateral, zoned, in
part from a furrow, or as a thickened
mass of hairy felt and bristles, or as
an apical tuft with hairs and bristles,
or developed afresh each year, grown
through, and persisting as a kind of
r i n g .................................................... SGr. 3: Eucephalocerei Backbg.

Subgroup 1: Acephalocerei Backbg.

Key to the Genera:
Without cephalioid flowering zones
Without hair-development, but with lon­
ger spines
Flowers bellshaped (diurnal!)
Tubes densely scaly, with felty pads
Ovary and fruit similarly (elon­
gated spines bristly; seeds small;
fruit subspherical)....................173: Castellanosia Card.
With + strongly developed hair in the
flowering zone, in part reduced (all
night-flowering)
Fruits oblong
Areolar hairs very slight
Flowers funnelform-bellshaped,
± constricted at midway
Tube glabrous
Ovary oblong
Fruit thick-walled; seeds
large, m a t t ....................174: Subpilocereus Backbg.
Fruits depressed-subspherical, ±
wrinkled
Areolar hair mostly more strongly
47
CLASSIFICATION

developed (reduced only in the

transitional SG. Mediopil-
ocereus, or tubes still with traces
of felt)
Flowers bellshaped to bellshaped-
funnelform
Tube not conspicuously con­
stricted
Ovary subspherical
Fruit glabrous; seeds small,
s h i n y ................................ 175: Pilosocereus Byles & Rowl.
(Areolar hairs reduced)
Tube with traces of felt . . . . SG. 1: Mediopilocereus Backbg.
(Areolar hairs not reduced, in part
long and dense)
Tube glabrous............................SG. 2 : Pilosocereus

Subgroup 2: Hemicephalocerei Backbg.

One Genus only:
With a mass of wool or hairs forming a
pseudocephalium, bristles absent,
longer spines present
Flowers very small
Tube minute, with a ring of tiny
scales inside below
Fruit very small, lidded
(Seedlings with long bris­
tles b e lo w ) ........................176: Micranthocereus Backbg.

Subgroup 3 : Eucephalocerei Backbg.

Key to the G enera:
With true cephalia of wool and/or bristles,
or as rings of hairs
Cephalia lateral, never encircling the
stem-apex
Cephalium superficial, in part slightly
depressed, but not to the axis and
without a groove
Flowers small, abbreviated cylindric-
bellshaped, with a very
short limb; nectary +
closed
Cephalium consisting of a mass of
brownish-reddish wool
Seeds lacking a large hilum
Plants tree-like, without a
basal ring of bristles when
y o u n g ................................177: Facheiroa Br. & R.
Flowers larger, + funnelform to
bellshaped-funnelform; nec­
tary not completely closed
48
 CLASSIFICATION

Cephalium of yellowish-white
wool with long black bristles
Seeds with a large hilum
Plants shrubby, at first with a
basal ring of bristles . . . 178: Trixanthocereus Backbg.
Cephalium of brownish-white
wool; bristles absent
Seeds without a large hilum
Plants shrubby, branching
from the base, with no ring
of bristles at the base . . . 179: Pseudoespostoa Backbg.
Cephalium lateral only in youth, even­
tually encircling the apex,
not depressed, in part with
long bristles (180) . . . .
Flowers + cylindric, short-limbed
Tube, ovary and fruit with long
silky brownish hairs and
bristles.................... 180: Vatricania Backbg.
Flowers + bellshaped, rather short-
limbed
Tube or fruit g la b r o u s ................ 181: Austrocephalocereus
(Backbg.) Backbg.
Flowering zones stepped or + encircling
to decurrent, of woolly flock,
in part furry and dense
Flowers + bellshaped-funnelform
Tube, ovary and fruit laxly hairy
182: Neobinghamia Backbg.
emend. Backbg.
Cephalium grooved, often depressed on
the flank of the stem, of wool
and in part (184) with bristles
Flowers funnelform, medium-sized
Tube, ovary and stout berry-like
fruit laxly h a i r y .................... 183: Espostoa Br. & R. emend.
Werd.
Flowers + bellshaped
Tube and ovary + scaly, glabrous
Fruit a naked lidded fruit . . . 184: Coleocephalocereus Backbg.
Cephalium lateral, of wool and bristles
(later grown through, remaining
capable of flowering for some time)
Flowers medium-sized, + bent out­
wards and down
Tube, ovary and the oblong or
compressed fruit smooth (ceph­
alium more a crown of bristles,
with w o o l ) ................................ 185: Stephanocereus Berg.
Flowers rather small, with a narrow
tube; the limb expanding fully at
anthesis
Tube, ovary and lidded fruit +
49
CLASSIFICATION

smooth (fruit spherical to top­

shaped, with flower-remains
p e rs istin g )................................186: Arrojadoa Br. & R. non Mattf.

Group 10: Cephalocerei Backbg.

Key to the Subgroups:
Day-flowering
Cephalium at maturity prominent to
cylindric
Flowers small, fruits resembling those
of M am m illaria................................SGr. 1: Heliocephalocacti Backbg.
Night-flowering
Cephalium at maturity never cylindric,
always broad
Flowers quite large or long; fruit a
rather thick b e r r y ............................SGr. 2: Nyctocephalocacti Backbg.

Subgroup 1: Heliocephalocacti Backbg.

One Genus only:
Body spherical to + elongated
Cephalium apical, at first ± flat, even­
tually mostly taller and in part
cylindric, mostly of dense reddish
bristles and felt (day-flowering)
Flowers small, short, naked, petals
often ± revolute at anthesis
Fruits like those of Mammillaria,
clavate-oblong, white and red,
naked, with a small lid, with
persistent floral remains................187: Melocactus Lk. & O.

Subgroup 2: Nyctocephalocacti Backbg.

One Genus only:
Body only spherical
Cephalium apical, never cylindric or
elongated, tending to widen at
maturity, of white wool with some
bristles, these in one case absent
(night-flowering)
Flowers long, with a narrow tube; all
petals long, curving outwards,
those nearer the ovary shorter;
tube naked towards the base
Fruit a subspherical naked berry . . 188 : Discocactus Pfeift.

Subtribe 2: Boreocactinae Backbg.

Key to the Groups:
Flowers from the areoles, these in part +
elongated............................................Gr. 1: Boreoechinocacti Backbg.
50
 CLASSIFICATION

Flowers from the axils or in part from the

base of furrows half or all the length
of the tubercle (areoles not long) . . Gr. 2: Mammillariae Berg.
emend. Backbg.

Group 1: Boreoechinocacti Backbg.

Key to the Subgroups:
Flowers from areoles, glands absent; fruit
not w a te r y ........................................SGr. 1: Euboreoechinocacti Backbg.
F lowers from the base of long areoles with
glands, or from long areoles which
are glandless, the fruit in that case
watery (intermediate to the
C o ry p h a n th a e)................................SGr. 2: Mediocoryphanthae Backbg.

Subgroup 1: Euboreoechinocacti Backbg.

Key to the G enera:
Floral tubes + funnelform, in part bell­
shaped, woolly, fruit similarly
Spines firm, never hooked
Scales rather dense, firm, pointed
Ovary and fruit (oblong) quite
woolly; fruit dehiscing basally . 189: Echinocactus Lk. & O.
Ovary very felty
Fruit (spherical) at first similarly
felty, eventually + glabrous,
dehiscing irreg u larly ................ 190: Homalocephala Br. & R.
Spines mostly less rigid or absent (rigid
only in A. ornatum)
Scales less dense or firm
Ovary and fruit (spherical) more
laxly h a i r y ................ . . . 191: Astrophytum Lem.
Fruit opening stellately above SG. 1: Astrophytum
Fruit opening basally.................... SG. 2 : Neoastrophytum
Backbg.
Floral tubes or flowers + bellshaped, with
only traces of felt, fruit similarly
Spines mostly flexible, central spines in
part hooked
Scales thin, lax
Ovary and fruit with traces of felt
Fruit + oblong, splitting basally 192: Sclerocactus Br. & R.
Floral tubes ± funnelform, glabrous but +
scaly
Bodies firm
Spines long, papery
Tubercles long, angular (+ keeled
below), firm
Flowers with a long tube
Tube with larger scales
Fruit dry, scaly, spindle-
51
CLASSIFICATION

shaped, opening basally . . . 193: Leuchtenbergia Hook.

Spines very short, or absent
Ribs replaced by greatly elongated,
angular tubercles (rounded
below), weak
Flowers with a long tube, arising
centrally from the newest
areoles
Tube smooth
Fruit clavate, ripening rapidly 194: Neogomesia Castan.
Spines firm, not very short
Ribs not tuberculate
Spines in part hooked
Flowers or tubes strongly scaly;
fruit opening basally . . . . 195: Ferocactus Br. & R.
Flowers or tubes less strongly
scaly
Fruit small, only slightly
scaly, opening basally. . . 196: Hamatocactus Br. & R.
Ribs mostly narrow, ± wavy
Spines never hooked
Flowers mostly shorter
Tube and fruit with small
scales, opening basally
(spines extremely variable)
(ribs acute, broader in only
one ca se )............................ 197: Echinofossuloeactus Lawr.
Ribs conspicuously transversely fur­
rowed
Spines never hooked
Flowers or tubes scaly
Fruit subspherical, splitting
irreg u larly (!).................... 198: Coloradoa Boiss. & Davids.
Ribs + tuberculate (areoles + elon­
gated)
Ribs stouter or higher (than in
Ecliinomastus)
Flowers conspicuous, larger,
more widely opening
Fruit with few scales, opening
basally................................ 199: Thelocactus (K. Sch.) Br. & R
Ribs more slender, more num­
erous, tubercles slighter
(than in Thelocactus)
Flowers smaller, not widely
opening
Fruit with few scales, opening
basally
Spines more strongly in­
terlaced throughout . . 200: Echinomastus Br. & R.
Tubercles replacing ribs (ribs re­
solved into free-standing
tubercles)
52
 CLASSIFICATION

Flowers smaller, indistinctly

funnelform, + scaly
Tube densely set with dry,
ciliate scales (flower +
rotate)
Ovary with ciliate scales . 201: Utahia Br. & R.
Tube-scales not ciliate
Ovary and fruit naked . . 202: Pediocactus Br. & R.
Tube and fruit naked, fruit
berry-like, mostly con­
cealed in the apical wool,
dehiscing laterally above . 203: Gymnocactus Backbg.
Spues weak, lower ones mostly falling
Fruits opening variously: basally in
part, splitting" or disinte­
grating (but never forming
slender, long-projecting
berries as in Mammillaria)
Tubercles unusually shaped: trun­
cated transversely or pro­
minent and 4-sided
Flowers opening to + bellshaped
Tube with dry-edged scales
above
Fruit + naked, splitting lat­
erally (seeds, here only,
dust-fine)............................ 204: Strombocactus Br. & R.
Tubercles scale-like and up-curved
Flowers + trumpet-shaped
Tube glabrous, apart from per­
ianth remains above
Fruit clavate, glabrous, split­
ting basally ........................ 205: Obregonia Fric
: ubercles minute, round
Spines flattened, papery-thin, longer
persistent
Flowers cylindric-bellshaped,
opening fairly wide
Ovary ± scaly, with traces of
felt, in part with minute flat
spines above
Fruit fairly dry, spherical,
thin-walled, dehiscing leng­
thwise, with 1-2 residual
scales above. . . . . . . 206: Toumeya Br. & R.
. ubercles short-cylindric, truncated,
small
Spines corky, the exterior in part +
hairy-felty but with a firm
core, terete to compressed-
terete, longer persisting
Flowers small, ± bellshaped-
funnelform, tube absent
53
CLASSIFICATION

Ovary naked (?)

Fruit semi-dry, top-shaped
with one or more minute
s c a l e s ........................ • ■ 207: Navajoa Croiz.
Spines thin, soon becoming hair-like
and long, persisting
Flowers small, naked, widely
opening
Tube short, robust
Fruit dry, obovoid, forming a
widely gaping lateral split
at d ehiscence.................... 208: Pilocanthus B. W. Benson
& Backbg.
Tubercles broad, low, small
Spines + compressed to bristly,
usually soon falling
Flowers ± funnelform, appearing
stalked, in part opening
laxly, ± naked
Tube with only traces of scales
above
Fruit a naked berry, fleshy at
first, with a minute lid,
splitting across (in part
with traces of scales above) 209: Turbiniearpus (Backbg.)
F. Buxb. & Backbg.
Fruits berry-like, very prominent
Ribs folded, abbreviated, with sub­
sidiary ribs; spines small,
soon falling
Flowers trumpet-shaped, with few
petals
T ube s ta lk -lik e ........................ 210: Aztekium Bod.
Body soft
Ribs spineless
Flowers small
Tube short, with minute scales
(only the first seedling-spines
are ± feathery, soon falling;
spines often replaced by tufts
of longer felt)
Fruit berry-like, prominent . . 211: Lophophora Coult.
Body of Mammillaria-type, with minute
tubercles and fine spinelets
Flowers minute, set in apical wool
(some species with longer
roots)
Fruit berry-like, protruding . . 212: Epithelantha (Web.) Br. & R.

Subgroup 2: Mediocoryphanthae Backbg.

Key to the Genera:
54
 CLASSIFICATION
Body eventually oblong
Ribs + prominent and tuberculate
Central spine long, hooked
Areoles long, glandular
Flowers arising from the base of
the areole
Tube with triangular scales
F ruit oblong, fleshy
(edible), s c a ly ................213: Glandulicactus Backbg.
Body eventually + oblong or else remain­
ing + spherical
Ribs clearly divided into tubercles
Central spine hooked
Areoles not glandular
Flowers small, short funnel-
form
Ovary with a few thin, small
scales
Fruit watery, as in Cory-
phantha (Br & R.)
Seed brown or black
(root, in one species
forming a stouter tap­
root, connected to the
body by a thin neck) . 214: Aucistrocactus Br. & R.

Group 2: Mammillariae Berg, emend. Backbg.

Key to the Subgroups :
- wers from furrows or rudiments thereof,
± central............................................ SGr. 1 : Coryphantliae (Berg.) Backbg
FI -'"•vers only from the axils, ± lateral to
forming a coronet
Flowers h a iry ................................ SGr. 2 : Mediomammillariae Backbg.
Flowers g la b r o u s ........................ SGr. 3 : Eumammillariae Backbg.

Subgroup 1 : Coryphanthae (Berg.) Backbg.

Key to the Genera :
- wers from the furrow-base
Fruits never splitting basally
Tubercles of normal shape
Fruit not watery, drying up and
becoming thin
Seeds hard
Flowers somewhat larger, apical
Ovary somewhat scaly . . . 215 : Neolloydia Br. & R.
Flowers from the base of a
distinct furrow . . . . SG. 1 : Neolloydia
Flowers from irregularly
d e v elo p ed fu rro w s
(pseudo-axillary), in part
with hooked spines (as
55
CLASSIFICATION

also found in Eumam-

millariae, in correspond­
ing stages) . . . . . . SG. 2: Cumarinia (Knuth)
Backbg.
Fruit + red, juicy and fleshy, not
quick-ripening
Seeds hard, + black
Flowers close to the apex, larger
Ovary naked
Tubercles later shrinking
Seeds with a large aril 216: Neobesseya Br. & R.
Flowers apical, small
Tubercles persisting
Seeds with a small aril
Fruit sometimes with a
little scale................ 217: Escobaria Br. & R.
Fruit greenish, watery, ripening
quickly
Seeds soft, (yellow-) brown
Furrows only half the length of
the tubercle
Flowers apical, usually larger
Ovary with traces of scales,
axils slightly felty . . . 218: Lepidocoryphantha Backbg.
Furrows the full length of the
tubercles........................ 219: Coryphantha (Eng.) Lem.
Flowers medium to very large
Ovary often with 1-2 spine­
like scales, glabrous . . SG. 1: Neocoryphantha
Backbg.
Ovary (and fruit) quite
naked ............................ SG. 2: Coryphantha
Tubercles not normally shaped, seeds
not soft, not imbricate, not
laterally compressed, ±
wrinkled, with an areolar
cleft
Fr uit becoming dry
Flowers from a furrow (in part
abbreviated), or its base, cen­
tral ................................... . 220: Roseocactus Berg.
Tubercles imbricate, scale-like
Fruit naked
Flowers axillary ( ?pseudo-
axillary, i.e. from a rudimen­
tary furrow)............................ 221: Encephalocarpus Berg.
Tubercles laterally compressed, in
part firm and woody; fur­
rowed at the tip
Fruit dissolving (in the crown)
Flow ers + bellshaped-
funnelform, with a short tube,
from the newest tubercles or
56
 CLASSIFICATION

undeveloped furrows? . . . 222: Pelecyphora Ehrenbg.

Subgroup 2: Mediomammillariae Backbg.

One Genus only:
Flowers axillary, hairy
Tubercles unfurrowed
Fruit dry, h a i r y .................................... 223: Oriegocactus Alex.

Subgroup 3: Eumammillariae Backbg.

Key to the Genera:
Flowers axillary, glabrous
Tubercles unfurrowed
Flowers lacking a stouter, longer tube
Fruit not splitting basally
Tubercles + modified, firm
Plants with milky sap, spherical
Tubercles laterally compres­
sed and truncate, small
Flowers borne more on the
flanks
Fruit naked, elongated
Berry prominent when
. riPe ........................ 224: Solisia Br. & R.
Plants without milky sap, low-
growing
Tubercles horn-shaped, 3-
sided, large
Flowers large (areoles
minute, in part sup­
pressed)
Fruit naked, oblong . . 225: Ariocarpus Scheidw
tubercles normal, firm, smaller,
more slender, conical, terete
or + angular, not connected
at the base
Plants with or without milky
sap, + spherical or ± elon­
gated
Flowers mostly small; tube ±
absent; borne around the
apex
Style free
Fruit ripening after a +
long rest, often only
the next year, then
protruding
Section 1:
Galactochylus
K.Sch.
With milky sap ap-
57
CLASSIFICATION

pearing from dam­

aged tubercles
Section 2:
Subhydrochylus
Backbg.
M ilk-sap vessels
within the body;
milky sap not ap­
pearing on damaged
tubercles
Section 3:
Hydrochvlus
K. Sch.
With watery sap
Subsection 1:
Parviflorae
Backbg. W ith
small flowers
Subsection 2:
Grandi f l orae
B ackbg. W ith
fairly large flow­
ers
All Sections show
some stages with
hooked spines . . . 226: Mammillaria Haw.
Plants with milky sap, flat in
shape, arising from a stou­
ter taproot
Flowers conspicuous, short-
tubed
Style free
Fruit always ripening in
the same year( ?) . . . 227: Porfiria Bod.*
Plants without milky sap, ±
spherical
Flowers larger; tubes rather
slender
Style free
Seeds lacking a large
corky hilum ................ 228: Krainzia Backbg.
Seeds with a large corky
h i l u m ........................ 229: Phellosperma Br. & R.
Tubercles mostly elongated, soft
Plants without milky sap, ±
subspherical, low-growing
Flowers sometimes larger
funnelform, some­
times smaller; tube
neither very long nor
stout
* Shown separately, since the name is in common use; I consider it referable to Mammillaria.

58
 CLASSIFICATION

Style partly united with the

tube (in all cases?)
Fruit greenish, long to
short-cl avate or very
elongated or stout and
spherical, protruding
when ripe; spines not
stiff at first, rather
laxly arranged, in part
hooked........................ 230: Dolicothele (K. Sch.) Br. & R.
emend. Backbg
Fruit drying up when ripe and
splitting basally; seeds then re­
main in a cavity
Tubercles broadly terete, firm, +
connected at the base
Plants without milky sap
Flowers fairly large, funnel-
form
Style in part united with the
t u b e ................................ 231: Bartschella Br. & R.
Flowers with thicker longer tubes
Fruit not splitting basally when ripe
Tubercles not soft, not connected
at the base
Plants without milky sap, sub-
spherical, forming large
cushions or colonies
Floral limb normal
Flowers with long, stout,
densely scaly tube, ovary
sim ilarly ........................ 232: Mamillopsis (Morren) Web.
Plants without milky sap, cylin-
dric, branching
Floral limb oblique
Flowers with longer naked
tube and ovary . . . . 233: Cochemiea (K. Brand.) Walton

59
CATALOGUE OF THE GENERA, SPECIES AND VARIETIES
The preceding Classification briefly sets out the diagnostic differences between the
genera, and to supplement this they and their species are given below in greater detail,
•vith their main characteristics. In general, new discoveries have been examined in
greater detail.
Differential diagnoses” are not intended as a substitute for the longer botanical
descriptions, but they have the advantage that—just as in a Key—they show clearly the
"distinguishing characters” used for separating one species from another. The
- abréviations in heavy type, used in the following pages for the most important parts
: : the plants, make it possible to find quickly whatever information is wanted ; in the
case of larger genera, any subdivisions given in the generic description are either
repeated in the subsequent text, or they are shown by figures in brackets after the
?pecific name. This arrangement ensures that in some cases only the descriptions
relevant to the subgenus or series need be studied.
.I is hoped that the Lexicon, with its very concise presentation, will simplify the task of
identifying particular species, and summarise their distinctive characters, especially in
:he case of the most recent discoveries ; at the same time it should help the user to find
me correct name, either by checking an existing designation or, in the case of an
unnamed plant, first to find the appropriate genus by means of the Classification and
men to identify the species in question. Specific names which are not found under the
relevant genus are invalid designations in the sense of this Lexicon, and may have to be
¿ought under related genera. In many such cases an indication has been included in the
text.
A number of Ritter’s new names (e.g. Pyrrhocactus, Chileorebutia) as well as those of
other authors have been referred here to the genera in which they belong under my
L lassification. Where descriptions have been reproduced (as in the case of Ritter), this
does not constitute any sort of judgement on the validity of the plant’s specific status
etc. ; they are simply recorded in the form in which they were published, in accordance
with the aims of the Lexicon.

61
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TEXT
acc. = according to n.prov. = nomen provisorum, ]
An. = anther(s) visional name
Ar. = areole(s) non = not
Ax. = axil(s) n.sp., n.v. = new species, new variety
Bo. = body, bodies Ov. = ovary, ovaries
br. = broad P- = page
Br. = bristle(s) Per. = perianth
c. = circa, approximately Pet. = petal(s)
Ceph. = cephalium, cephalia p.part. = pro parte, in part
Cor. = corolla R. = root(s); rows
Csp. = central spine(s) Rec. = receptacle
Dept. = Department Ri. = rib(s)
E. = east, eastern Rsp. = radial spines
emend. = emendatus, corrected S. = seed(s); south, southern
f. = forma, form Sc. = scale(s)
Fam. = Family Sect. = Section
Fig. = figure, illustration Seg. = (stem) segment(s)
Fil. = filament(s) sensu = in the sense used by
FI. = flower(s) Sep. = sepals, outer perianth
Fr. = fruit(s) ments
G. = Genus Ser. = Series
Gl. = gland(s) SFam. = Subfamily
Glo. = glochids SG. = Subgenus
Gr. = Group (used to represent Sp. = spine(s)
Backeberg’s “ Sippe” : kin, spec. = species
clan) SSect. = Subsection
h. = high SSer. = Subseries
H. = hair(s) SGr. = Subgroup
Isp. = intersecting spirals Sh. = sheath(s)
lg. = long Ssp. = subsidiary spine(s)
L. = leaf, leaves St. = stem(s)
l.c. = 1oco citato, in the publi­ Sti. = stigmas
cation already quoted STr. = Subtribe
M. = median, middle sv. = subvariety
N. = north, northern T. = type-species
n.comb. — nova com binatio, re ­ Tr. = Tribe
classification in a new genus Tu. = floral tube
n.nud. = nomen nudum, name not Tub. = tubercle(s)
validly published v., var. = variety
W. = west, western
SYM BO LS, including cultural indications
0 = diameter
+ = more or less
O = grow in full sun
• = grow in shade
C = grow in half-shade
(R) = grow on own roots
(G) = grafting advisable
= care necessary with watering
HI = in summer, preferably grow in the open, or give more water.
Where the name of a publication is quoted after any generic or specific name, the genus,
species or variety was only published after the appearance of my Handbook.
62
 ACANTHOCALY CIUM

Acanthocalycium Backbg. (99) sometimes 1-2, in upper part of Ar.; FI. 6 cm lg.
and 0 , with white flock; Tu. with elongated Sc.
Plants spherical to elongated. Flowers white, pink, which are bristle-tipped; Pet. golden-yellow,
red or yellow, funnelform; with the scales on the rounded above; wool-ring white; Fr. to 2 cm 0 ,
:ube and ovary modified above into spines; with a dark green, spherical; S. 1.5 mm lg., brown to
imall wool-ring at the tube-base.—Distribution: darker, hilum white.—Argentina (Prov. Cat­
N. Argentina.[O. (R) (G)]. amarca, N. of Belén) (FR 970).
A. aurantiacumRausch 1968 A. griseum Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov., Ill: 5.
Bo. simple, 5 cm h., to 9 cm 0 , greyish-green, 1963 (Pyrrhocactus griseus n.nud., “Die Cact.”,
r.rongly frosted; Ri. 10-16, straight, slightly 3907, PI. 3548, 1962).
: aberculate; Ar. c. 2 cm apart, with white felt, later Bo. spherical at first, later elongated, to 15 cm 0 ,
becoming glabrous; Rsp. 5(—7), spreading, 3^1 cm lead-grey; Ri. c. 11; Sp. 3 at first, later 5, fairly
'-g- straight, sharp; Csp. rarely 1; all Sp.whitish or stout-subulate, thickened basally, to c. 1.5 cm lg.,
ellowish, pink at midway and black-tipped; FI. directed sideways, 1 downwards, all at first black,
lateral, 5 cm lg. and br.; Tfu. olive-green or olive- reddish below when moist, light at the base; FI.c. 4
brown, with brown Sc. and H.; Sep. orange-red cm lg. and 0 , stout, with upwardly directed, ±
■ith a brown or dark green M.-stripe, lanceolate; appressed, grey-brown H. and fine, dark, spine-
Pet. lanceolate or spatulate, orange-yellow bor­ tipped Sc.; ringshort, fine, brownish, at the base of
dered orange, red or pink; hymen, throat and Fii. the Fil.; Pet. yellow, to 9 mm br.; Sep. brownish,
ght yellow; stylegreen, with a ring of brown wool with a M.-line.—N. Argentina (exact locality not
-elow;Sti. 10, green oryellow;Fr. spherical;S. 1.5 given; found by Fechser). (Fig. 1.)
mm lg., testa glossy black, tuberculate.—Argentina v. rubriflorum n.nud., with red FI., has been
tCatamarca, Mina Capillitas, 3000 m). reported.
A. brevispinumRitt.— “Taxon”, XIII: 4, 144. 1964. A. klimpelianum(Weidl. & Werd.) Backbg.
Bo. to 50 cm lg.; Ri. 14-25, to 1.5 cm h.; Ar. sun- Bo.flattened-spherical, dark green, to 10 cm 0 ; Ri.
• en. to 8 mm apart; Csp. 2-6 (in A. thionanthum c. 19, narrow, slightly notched; Ar. elliptical, with
-4. Rsp. as in last-named); Tu. with narrow Sc. yellow-brown felt, 6 mm lg.; Sp.straight, subulate,
oroader in A. thionanthum); FI. as in A. thionan- brown-tipped at first; Rsp.6-8 (-10), unequal; Csp.
thum except that Tu.and Pet.are shorter; Fr. dark (1-) 2-3 (-4), the bottom one longest and directed
green, 1.5 cm lg.; S. 1.5 mm lg., dark, hilum downwards; FI.3^1 cm lg., white; Fil.white; ring
-hite.—Argentina (Prov. Salta, S. of Cafayate, white.—Argentina (near Córdoba).
rear Prov. Tucuman) (FR 968). In the absence of
m illustration, the description is not sufficient to A. peitscherianumBackbg.
establish this as a valid spec. Bo. flattened-spherical, grey-green, c. 8 cm h., 10
cm 0 ; Ri. 17,1 cm h.; Ar.2 cm apart, light yellow;
x.catamarcense Ritt., not described: plants raised Sp.to 2 cm lg., subulate, pale to light brown, black-
torn Winter’s seed are more grey, not green; Ri. tipped; Rsp. 7 (-9); Csp. 1; FI. 6 cm lg.; Tu.
!3: Sp. black at first, red below, later + pink or campanulate, 4 cm lg., constricted above the Ov.;
om-colour; Rsp. to c. 9, radiating, projecting, Sc. brownish; Pet.spatulate, c. 2.5 cm lg., whitish
rather long; Csp. 1, same length as Rsp.; FI. ?.— to lilac-pink; style1.5 cm lg.; Sti.10-12, yellowish;
Argentina (Catamarca). It is not clear whether this ringwhitish-yellow.—Argentina (near Córdoba?).
?oec. is sufficiently distinct from A. glaucum Ritt.
A. spiniflorum(K. Sch.) Backbg. (T.)
A. chionanthum(Speg.)Backbg. Bo.spherical to elongated, dark green, to 60 cm h.,
Bo. spherical to cylindric, grey-green, to 7 cm h. 15 cm 0 ; Ri.to 20 or more, acute, to 1.5 cm h.; Ar.
and 6.5 cm 0 ; Ri. 13-15, low, rounded; Ar. 7-8 mm apart; Sp. 14-20, stiffly subulate, ±
elliptical; Sp. 7-9, all radial, straight, stiffly brownish to reddish-yellow; Csp. scarcely distin­
sabulate, ashen; FI. 4.5 cm lg., white; style green; guishable; FI. 4 cm lg., c. 4 cm br., bellshaped-
Sti. 13, white; wool-ring brown.—Argentina funnelform, pink; ring yellow; Sc. yellowish.—
iSalta: near Cachi). Argentina (NW Córdoba).
A . glaucum Ritt.—“Taxon”, XIII: 4, 143. 1964. A.thionanthum(Speg.) Backbg.
Bo. blue-green, to 7 cm 0 , 15 cm h.; R. stout; Ri. Bo.spherical to shortly cylindric, green, to 12 cm h.
•—14, obtuse, to 1.5 cm h., notched; Ar. 1.5-2 cm or more, 6-10 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 14; Ar. shortly
apart, white; Sp. black throughout, thicker below; elliptical; Rsp. to 10; Csp. 1-4; Sp. strongly
Rsp. 5-10, 5-20 mm lg., subulate, straight; Csp. 0, subulate, all + equally long, to 1.5 cm lg., grey to
63
A C A N T H O C A L Y C IU M —A C A N T H O C E R E U S

pale horn-coloured, at first mostly brownish genus is thus not fully clarified. Rare in
above; FI. 4.5 cm lg., sulphur to lemon-yellow; cultivation.—Distribution: Warm, drier zones of
style whitish-green; Sti. 12, + reddish; ring Central America (not positively identified in the W.
brownish; Tu. more strongly hairy.—Argentina Indies), from Mexico and Florida to Colombia,
(Salta: Cachi) (Fig. 2). A. brevispinum Ritt. Venezuela and Brazil. [(R). O.].
may be a form of this spec.
A. acutangulus (O.) Berg.
A. variiflorumBackbg. n.sp. Bo. glossy green; St. 4 cm br.; Ri. (3-)4, angles
Bo.solitary, spherical to ± elongated, green, to c. 8 acute, compressed, + sinuate; Ar. 9-11 mm apart;
cm 0 has been noted; Ri.c. 17, rounded above, c. 1 Rsp. 4-6, the lower 2 only 2-3 mm lg. ; Csp. 1,
cm br. at midway, swollen around the Ar.; Sp. subulate, 11—17 mm lg.; S. smooth, with 5-angled
mostly horn-coloured or somewhat darker, becom­ tessellations, smaller than that of A. maculatus
ing paler, sometimes + spotted, straight or usually Wgt.—Mexico(?).
+ curved to bent above; Rsp. c. 9, to c. 1.8 cm lg.;
Csp. 1, to c. 2.2 cm lg.; FI.variable in colour, yellow A. albicaulis Br. & R.
to ± orange-red to carmine; Fil., An. and Sti. Bo. whitish; St. fairly slender; Ri. (3-)4; Ar.
yellowish-cream; ring ?; Fr. ?.—N. Argentina brown: Sp. 2-6, stiffly acicular, to 2.5 cm lg.,
(locality not known). (U 2174 in collection Uhlig brownish but often darker at first.—Brazil (Bahia).
and Backeberg; found by Fechser.) (Fig. 3.)
A. baxaniensis (Karw.) Borg
Another spec, found by Fechser: Bo. shrubby ; St. thicker and deeper green than in
A. spec., somewhat resembling A. thionanthum; A. tetragonus ; Ri. mostly 4, broad, winged ; Rsp. 5
Bo. grey-green, to 7 cm 0 reported; Ri. c. 14—15, or more, brownish, c. 1.5 cm lg.; Csp. 1-3,
rounded, thickened around the Ar.; Sp. when dry yellowish-brown, to 3 cm lg., straight ; FI. 20 cm lg.,
grey-black at first, darker above, or grey-brown white; Sep. brownish-green; Ov. spiny.—Mexico
above, at first uniformly so, soon lightening apart (warm NE. coast).
from the tip, projecting rigidly, laxly radiating to
densely interlacing, the Rsp. to c. 2.3 cm lg., Csp. | A. brasiliensis (FR 1230) : no description available.
somewhat shorter, all rather stoutly subulate,
thickened at the foot; Rsp. 9, radiating, projecting, A. colombianus Br. & R.
only in part ± curved; Csp. 2, arranged one above Bo. fairly robust, with erect branches, to 3 m h. ; St.
the other, scarcely thicker, occasionally ± com­ to c. 9 cm br., acutely 3-winged; Ar. large, 5 cm
pressed laterally; FI. unknown.—N. Argentina apart; Rsp. 5-8, less than 5 mm lg. ; Csp. 1-2, very
(U 2175 in the Uhlig and Backeberg collec­ robust, to 5.5 cm lg. ; FI. 25 cm lg., white ; Tu.stout,
tion; collected by Fechser, no data on locality). c. 12 cm lg. ; Fr. large, red, spiny.—Colombia.
Variable in spination.
A. griseus Backbg. n.sp.
A. violaceum(Werd.) Backbg. Bo. tall, shrubby, branching, to c. 3-4 m lg. ; St.
Bo. becoming elongated, dull light green, to 20 cm 3-4-angled, curving and then bent upwards, to c. 6
h.,13 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 15 or more, to 1.8 cm h.; Ar. 2 cm 0 , green at first, soon whitish-grey, tapering
cm apart, white; Sp. 10-12 (-20), yellowish to towards the tip; Ri. to 2.5 cm h., laterally
horn-coloured; Csp. scarcely distinguishable, 4 compressed in the upper part ; Ar. 6 cm apart ; Sp.
sometimes more distinct; FI. to 7.5 cm lg., pale carmine at first, light at the tip, thickened at the
lilac; ringwhite.—Argentina (Córdoba, 1000 m). base, soon becoming whitish with a dark tip ; Rsp.
(5—)6, to 1.4 cm lg. ; Csp. 1 (rarely 3-4), porrect, to
Acanthocephala Backbg.: BrasilicactusBackbg. c. 2.2 cm lg. ; FI.c. 9 cm lg. and 0, Per. spreading
laterally, the borders curved ± upwards; Sep.
reddish-green ; Pet.pale greenish-white ; Tu.c. 7 cm
Acanthocereus (Berg.) Br. & R. (130) lg., it and the green Ov.with carmine Sp. and white
felt; Fr. ?—Mexico. (Fig. 4, 5 left). Discovered by
Squarrose shrubs, variable in size; shoots 3-4- MacDougall; sent under No. A 201 to the
sided, rarely more; ribs mostly thin, spines stout. Botanical Garden, “Les Cèdres”, where I saw it in
Flowers fairly large, expanding fully and stoutly flower.
funnelform, the long tube not down-curving;
flowers and fruits mostly spiny, but the spineless A. horridus Br. & R.
fruit of A. horridus shows the progressive re­ Bo. robustly shrubby; St. acutely 3-angled or 3-
duction in flower-spination; in the Brazilian species winged but 5-angled at first, the angles very sinuate,
A. albicaulis flower and fruit are not known; the with projections below the Ar. ; Ar. large, 3-6 cm

64
 AC ANTHOCEREUS-AC ANTHOLOBIVIA

apart ; Rsp. 16, conical, less than 1 cm lg.; Csp. “Cereus variabilis Eng., which is closest to C.
mostly 1( 2). very robust, to 5-8 cm lg.; Sp. pentagonus Haw.”, but unfortunately no-one now
brownish to blackish at first; FI. 18 20 cm lg., knows which spec, this was. Weingart said his spec,
white; Sep. brown or greenish; Tu. with the had “seeds with fairly flat, oval podaria”. This may
constricted section only 4 cm lg., with a funnelform enable a determination to be made of the spec, in
opening c. 12 cm lg.; Fr. 3.5 cm lg., glossy light red, question.
Ar. only white-felted, pulp red.—Guatemala, (to?)
Mexico (Oaxaca?). A. tetragonus(L.) Humlk. (T.)
Bo.initially erect, then arching, to 6 m h.; St.to 8 m
A. maculatusWgt. lg.; Ri. 4-5(-6), (more rarely 3), with deep fur­
Bo.tall, shrubby, to over 3 m h., also arching over; rows and the angles winged, deeply sinuate and
R. carrot-like or more spherical; St. dark olive- indented; Ar. 3—6(—7) cm apart, stout; Rsp.
green, marbled or in part concolorous green; Ri. (4-)5-7(-9), to 2.5 cmlg.; Csp. l(-3), to 4cmlg.; all
3-4, + sinuate; Ar. small, white; Rsp.c. 8, 1-8 mm Sp. grey with a dark tip, in part spotted; FI. to 19
lg.. the lower ones (only sometimes present) 2-3, cm lg., white; Tu.somewhat spiny; Fr.spinier, red;
longer, acicular; Csp. usually 1, thickened at the S. glossy black, 4 mm lg.—Occurs throughout the
base, sometimes 2, porrect; Sp. all rather short, entire range of the G. Previously incorrectly known
inconspicuous, brown; FI. to 10 cm lg., cream- as A. (Cereus) pentagonus.
coloured; Tu. pink inside, reddish-brown outside,
.Ar. distant, with only a few pale Sp.; Ov. green, The following are probably seldom, if ever, seen in
with narrow Ri. like those of the Tu., with a few collections:
short Sp.; Fr.c. 5 cm lg., ± pear-shaped, red inside A. brasiliensisBr. & R . :St.3 cm 0 ; Ri.5-7; Sp.
and out; S.large, 4.5 mm lg., glossy black, with fine 9-20, acicular to bristly, white, yellowish-grey or
5-angled tessellations.—Mexico (Guerrero, greyish-brown; FI.to 15 cm lg.; Tu.spineless; Fr.
Campo Morado and near Mezcala in the Canyon with greenish pulp.—Brazil (Catinga of Bahia).
del Zopilote). (Fig. 6.) In the collection of J. A. floridanusSmall: St. to 10 m lg., 3-5-angled,
Marnier-Lapostolle it was observed that the dark green; Sp. 4-7, thin or subulate.—USA
perianth, at anthesis, is funnelform. The spec, does (Florida, Hammocks).
not therefore, as held by Cutak, belong to A. occidentalis Br. & R.: Forming thickets; St.
Peniocereus; the stouter roots are of as little 4.5 cm 0; Ri.3-5; Sp.numerous, equal, to 7 cm
significance here as in the small-flowered Peires- lg.; FI. 14-18 cm lg.—Mexico (Sinaloa, Nayarit,
kiopsis, so that Weingart’s referal to Acantho- Durango).
cereus was correct, even although he never saw an A. sicariguensisCroiz. & F. Tamayo: Bo. to 2 m
open flower; he based his view principally on the lg.; Ri. 2-5-winged, + serrate; Ar. 2 cm apart;
seeds. We now know that in Peniocereus at anthesis Sp.greyish-white, ± sharp; Rsp.5-7, to 2 cm lg.;
all spec, have the inner Per.-segments directed Csp. 1-3, to 2 cm lg.; FI. 16 cm lg., to 8 cm 0 ,
stiffly downwards. white, with pink tips.—Venezuela (Lara, Sic-
aragua).
A. pentagonus sensu Br. & R.: Acanthocereus A.subinermisBr. & R.: differs in that the Sp. are
tetragonus(L.)Humlk. missing, or only short, less than 1.5 cm lg., 6-10
in number; St. 5-7cm br., 3-4-angled; FI. 15-22
A. princeps (Pfeiff.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov., cm lg.;Ov.with few Sp. and those on the Fr.very
Ill: 5. 1963 (Cereus princeps Hort. Wurzburg, short.—Mexico (between Mitla and Oaxaca).
briefly described and illustrated by Weingart in
MIX., 20-21. 1922, must be attributed to Pfeiffer Acantholobivia Backbg. (98)
because of the latter’s description in En. Diagn.
Cact., 108. 1837.) Plants spherical, sometimes offsetting, related to
Bo. shrubby, arching, 3(-4-5)-ribbed; Ri. com­ Lobivia but night-flowering. Flowers (very vari­
pressed, not sinuate, thickened below the Ar.; able in colour in one species) show an increasing
Ar.whitish, relatively distant, shortly felty; Sp. 1.2- spination as the ovary ripens; fruit spiny. Flowers
1.6 cm lg., straight, yellowish or white, with self-fertile, autogamy having sometimes been
7-8 radials, 3 centrals, the upper one very short or observed. Seeds black, + glossy.—Distribution:
even absent.—Guatemala. Peru (highlands of the centre and south). [(R) (G)].
Acc. Weingart, Kaktkde. 15. 1933, this is a valid
spec., particularly since the S. are moderately A. incuiensis(Rauh & Backbg.) Rauh & Backbg.
glossy and faintly divided into 6-sided depressions. Bo. dark green, to c. 11 cm 0 ; Ri. 18-20, with
Acc. Weingart, its S. were the largest he had seen. hatchet-shaped Tub.; Ar. 2 mm apart; Sp. c. 24,
The smallest S., acc. Weingart, were those of spreading, tangled, centrals probably 8-10 but
65
A C A N T H O L O B IV IA —A N C IS TR O C A C TU S

scarcely differentiated, all greyish-violet-brown to 1 cm lg., also a few Br.; FI. to 1.5 cm lg., waxy
horn-coloured, becoming grey to dark, some orange, with small Sc. and felt; Fr. spherical, to 1
sometimes + angular; FI. c. 4 cm Ig.; Sep. cm 0 , orange at first, then orange-red or paler,
brownish-red; Pet. true red, but more bricky- scaly; S. dark brown.-Argentina (Jujuy, Oran).
orange below; Fil. pale carmine; style and 4 Sti. Br. & R. incorrectly state the FI. to be “white”.
greenish.—S. Peru (near Incuio). (Fig. 7.) (Fig. 8.)
v. samaipatana (Card.) Backbg.: St. more
A. tegeleriana(Backbg.) Backbg. (T.) conspicuously notched; Ar. more distant; Fr.
Bo. pure green, offsetting; Ri. 16 at first; Ar. to 17 pinkish-lilac, without Sc.—Bolivia (Santa Cruz,
mm apart, oblong; Sp. dissimilar, to 12, to 6 mm Bano del Inca, 1500 m).
lg., radiating, mostly + curved, all ± horn-
coloured, darker above, the longest sometimes + A. paranganiensisCard.
hooked; Csp. scarcely distinguishable; FI.4cm lg., Bo. shrubby, pendant, densely branching; shoots
± pinkish-orange in the T.; Fr.green, 2.5 cm 0 . — terete, 1 cm 0 , 2-3-winged, 2-4 m lg., aerial-R.
Central Peru (near Huancayo at 3500 m). absent; Sp.2^4, whitish, 5 mm lg., fine, bristly, later
v. eckardtianaBackbg. has remarkably long Sp.; also 1 white Sp. to 6 mm lg., also 1-3 short Br.; FI.
v. medingianaBackbg., has FI. sulphur-yellow to numerous, rotate, apical, to 2 cm lg., creamy white;
white, while those of v. plominiana Backbg. are Ov. 5 mm lg., 5-angled, with acute Sc., with a few
pure red. short little Br.; Fr. ?—Bolivia (Cochabamba,
Parangani, 2600 m).
Acanthorhipsalis (K.Sch.) Br. & R. (22) | A. samaipatana Ritt. (FR 888): A. monacantha v.
I samaipatana(?).
Plants resembling Rhipsalis in habit, but clearly
differentiated by the spiny stems. Flowers only
1.5— 2.5 cm long, white, orange or red, with a Akersia Buin. (73)
minute tube.—Distribution: Peru, E. Bolivia and
NE. Argentina. [Epiphytes, rare in cultivation.] Slender-stemmed, erect Cerei with fine, dense,
yellow spines. Finer, longer spines and/or bristles
A. crenata(Britt.) Br. & R. develop in the flowering zone. Flowers pinkish red,
Bo. bushy, branching laterally; St. sinuate, to 30 bent, zygomorphic, with bristles on the tube and
cm lg., to 6 cm br., thin, with a stout M.-rib; Ar. ovary; no wool-ring is present inside. At first
rather large, felty; Sp. 3-8, 2-4 mm lg.; FI. small, considered to be a hybrid, but this appears
red; Fr.7 mm 0 .—Bolivia (Yungas). improbable since no similar Cerei with floral
bristles occur in the Andes.—Distribution: ap­
A. incahuasinaCard. parently N. Peru, in the interior. [(G).]
Bo. pendant, densely branching, to 60 cm lg., pale
green; St. 3-angled, to 3 cm br., to 4 mm thick; Ar. A. roseifloraBuin. (T.)
2 cm apart; Sp. 8-13, radiating, 2-12 mm lg., Bo. slender, 4-5 cm 0 , fresh green; St. to more
yellowish, 2-3 sometimes arranged ± centrally; FI. than 1 m h. ;Ri. 16-17, very low; Ar. c. 2.5 cm lg.,
?; Fr. to 1.5 cm 0 , pinkish-carmine; S. 1mm lg,, flowering ones somewhat larger; Sp. in clusters of
brown, kidney-shaped.—Bolivia (Santa Cruz, 30-40, to 1 cm lg., yellowish to lighter, dark at the
Incahuasi). base, those in the flowering zone finer, in part
bristly, to 3.5 cm lg.; FI. 5 cm lg., 3 cm br., lilac-
A. micrantha(Vpl.) Br. & R. (T.) pink, with several blackish-brown Br.; Fr.c. 1.5 cm
Bo. shrubby, branching; St. to 20 cm lg., mostly lg., hairy, with a few Br.; S. 1.5 mm lg.—Peru(?), in
with 3 Ri., rarely with only 2 wings; Ri. com­ the interior to the N., or in the S. near Chala(?).
pressed, c. 1 cm h.; Ar. 1cm apart; Sp.3-10, some­ (Fig. 9.)
what flattened and tortuous, to 1.5 cm lg.; FI.c. 2.5
cm lg., purple; Ov. somewhat felty, with scattered
small Br.; Fr. spherical or + oblong, 1 cm lg., ± Ancistrocactus Br. & R. (214)
winged, with a few Sc., brownish felt and some­
times Br. up to 2 mm lg.; S.black. —Peru (Sandia, Plants spherical to elongated, in part constricted at
on rocks, 2100 m). the base and with larger napiform roots; with ribs
± conspicuously tuberculate. One central spine is
A. monacantha (Griseb.) Br. & R. always hooked. The relatively small flowers are
Bo.mostly pendant; St.2-3 cm br., to 45 cm lg., flat cream-coloured, greenish or lemon-yellow, or
or 3-angled, serrate; Ar.to 1.2 cm apart; Sp. 1-6, to pink. Seeds brown to dark brown or black. 4
66
 A N C IS T R O C A C T U S -A P O R O C A C T U S

í pedes.—Distribution:
USA (Texas) and N. unusual diurnal flowers are funnelform, with thin
Mexico (Chihuahua, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas). dry scales, with bristles on and near the ovary;
[(G).] probably the fruit also is fairly dry; the seeds are
glossy blackish-brown. Sometimes included, in
A. brevihamatus(Eng.) Br. & R. addition to the shrubby-erect type-species which
Bo. spherical to ovoid, to 10 cm h., 7.5 cm 0 , dark grows to 4 m high, is A. gaumeri (Br. & R.) Backbg.
green; Ri. mostly 13, strongly tuberculate; Rsp. which grows to 7 m high and has similar flowers,
12-14,1-2 cm lg., white; Csp.4, the lowest one to 3 but other authors attribute it, because of its 4-
cm lg., stronger, brown or black, hooked, the winged ribs, to Pterocereus McDoug. & Mir. (see
lateral Csp. to 4.5 cm lg., less strong; FI.to 3.2 cm Pterocereus), which also has similar flowers, but
lg., 2 cm 0 , pale pink with a dark M.-line; Fr. was only described much later. [(R).]
almost naked, c. 1.5 cm lg., thin-walled; S. 2 mm
lg.. blackish-brown.—USA (S. Texas) to N. A. lepidanthus(Eichl.) Backbg. (T.)
Mexico (Chihuahua, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas). Bo. bushy, to 4 m h.; St. dark leaf-green, to 8 cm
0 ; Ri.7-9, low; Ar.small; Rsp.c. 10, to 1.5 cmlg.,
A. megarhizus(Rose) Br. & R. (T.) thin, some also longer, to 4 cm lg., or often also 1-2
Bo.solitary or several-headed, to 8 cm. h.; R.large, distinguishable as centrals, one of these to 6 cm lg.;
fieshy: Ri.spiralled, conically tuberculate; Rsp. 20 Sp. cherry-red at first, dark-tipped, then canary-
:r more, yellowish at first, radiating, appressed; yellow and finally grey, black-tipped, all with a
Csp. 4, the upper three directed upwards, the lowest thickened base, the centrals also angular and
:ne strongest, 1.5-2 cm lg., hooked; FI. 2 cm lg., compressed; FI. 7 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , sepia-brown
greenish-yellow; Fr. green, clávate; S. black, above, flame-coloured below, opening by day (acc.
glossy.—Mexico (Tamaulipas). Eichlam), shrivelling when open; Tu.fairly densely
set with revolute Sc., those towards the Ov. with
A. scheeri(SD.) Br.& R. awns (Br.) 1.5 cm lg.; Sc. drying to straw-like; Fr.
Bo. spherical, oblong or clavate, over 10 cm h., to not fleshy, dry, whitish; S. glossy blackish-
ver 6 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 13, tuberculate; Rsp. 15-18, brown.—Guatemala (Rancho San Agustín). (Fig.
■■hite to straw-coloured, spreading; Csp. 3M, 2-5 11.)
cm lg., the lowest and longest one hooked, all
'¡ackish-brown with white marks; FI. 2.5 cm lg., I also refer the following spec, to this G .:
greenish-yellow; Fr. small, green; S. 2 mm lg.,
-rown.—USA (Texas), N. Mexico (Chihuahua). A. gaumeri (Br. & R.) Backbg.
Fig. 10.) Bo. to 7 m h,, erect solitary or + branching; St.
with winged Ri.; Ri. (3-)4, to 4 cm h.; Ar. large,
A. tobuschiiMarsh. light brown; Sp.3-6, + subulate, brownish or light
Bo. two-thirds hidden in the soil, to 7 cm lg. and br., and dark-tipped, 1 Sp. ± central, 1-3 cm lg.; FI.5
the part above-ground hemispherical, dark green; cm lg., and acc. Marshall’s illustration open at least
tubercles in 5-8 R.; Rsp.7, acicular, sharp, white at during the day, yellowish-green; Tu.with black Sc.,
first. 1-1.5 cm lg.; Csp. 3, 2 of them directed drying to become thin; Fr.becoming dry, spherical,
upwards, one porrect, hooked, 3 cm lg., all to 4 cm 0 , Ax. felty, with 8 very short black Sp.; S.
fattened, light yellow, dark-tipped; FI. 4 cm lg.; brown, 4 mm lg.—Mexico (Yucatán, Zenote
Pet. cream to lemon-yellow; style green; Sti. Flondo, E. of Izamal). Nothing known of any awns
-ellow; Fr. green to pink; S. dark brown.—USA or Sp. on the FI., or of any Sp. on the Fr. of A.
iTexas, Vanderpool). lepidanthus. In the light of the above data, no
inclusion in Pterocereus is possible at present.
Only A. megarhizus has a napiform root with neck-
constriction; A. brevihamatus (Eng.) Br. & R. has
r een regarded as a var. of A. scheeri, but it has pink Aporocactus Lem. (50)
FI., weaker Sp., and only 12-14 Rsp.
Epiphytes, predominantly creeping or pendant, the
Anhalonium Lem.:LophophoraCoult., in part also thin stems with quite marked development of aerial
referable to Ariocarpus Scheidw. or Roseocactus roots; flowers attractive, medium-sized, + zygo-
Berg. morphic. The type-species has become one of the
commonest of all cacti, and deserves to be even
more widely grown; it was also one of the parents
Anisocereus Backbg. (160) of the Fleliaporus hybrids, some of them raised as
early as 1830. Grows well on its own
Genus probably not found in cultivation; the roots.—Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Hidalgo,
67
A P O R O C A C TU S —A R E Q U IP A

Chihuahua ?) (Plant for the hanging basket; take spines mostly strong; flowers red, zygomorphic,
precautions against red-spider mite!) hairy, with the tube ± long. Fruits dehisce basally.
Seedling plants particularly attractive.—
A. conzattiiBr. & R. Distribution: S. Peru to N. Chile. [(R).]
Bo. pendant or creeping, with few aerial R.; St.
1.2-2.5 cm 0 ; Ri. 8-10, with low Tub.; Sp. 15-20, Arequipa aurantiaca (Vpl.) Werd.: Submatucana
needle-like, to 12 mm lg., light brown; FI.to 9 cm aurantiaca(Vpl.) Backbg.
lg., only slightly curved, ± zygomorphic, brick-
red.—Mexico (Cerro San Felipe). (Fig. 12.) I A. australis Ritt. (FR 1080): no description
I available.
A. flagelliformis(L. ) Lem. (T.)
Bo. to 2 cm 0 ; Ri. 10-12, inconspicuous, scarcely A. erectocylindricaRauh & Backbg.
tuberculate; Ar.6-8 mm apart; Rsp.8-12, acicular, Bo.cereoid, even in juveniles, dull to greyish-green,
thin, reddish-brown: Csp. 3-4, brownish, yellow- to 50 cm lg.; Ri. 15—17(—18); Ar. to 6 mm br.,
tipped; FI. 7-8 cm lg., open for up to 4 days, yellowish-grey at first; Rsp. 12-14, acicular to
crimson; Sep.revolute, narrower than the Pet., the slender-subulate, whitish to horn-grey; Csp.
latter less spreading; Fr. small, spherical, to 12 mm 7(—12), horn-coloured, with dark (brownish) tips,
0 , pulp yellowish.—Mexico (Hidalgo). stout-subulate, to 4.5 cm lg.; Sp. on new growth in
One well-known hybrid is -*- Cereus smithii cultivated plants ± equal, more reddish-brown; FI.
Pfeiff. (C. maliisonii hort.), also known as c. 7 cm lg„ red; Fr. elongated-cylindric, lemon-
Heliaporus smithii (Pfeiff.) Rowl. Probably yellow.—S. Peru (volcano Chachani).
Schumann’s v. leptophis of A, flagelliformis is
identical with this. A. hempeliana (Giirke) Oehme
Bo. elongated, greyish-green, somewhat pruinose;
A. flagriformis(Zucc.) Lem. Ri. 14—20; Ar. to 15 mm apart, light yellowish,
Bo. similar to the preceding; Ri. 11; Rsp. 6-8; Csp. becoming glabrous; Rsp.8-12, amber-coloured, ±
4—5, darker brownish; FI.dark crimson, 10 cm lg., spotted, 1-3 cm lg., mostly curving; Csp. 3-4,
7.5 cm br.; Pet. 1cm br.; Fil.red, erect, projecting. yellowish-red at first, with a dark brown tip, to 5 cm
Distinguished from the preceding also by the Sp. on lg., very flexible, ± interlacing; FI. 7.5 cm lg.,
new growth which are more reddish.—Mexico vermilion, more carmine at the tip, zygomorphic;
(Oaxaca). Ov.green, it and the Tu.white-hairy; Sti.yellow.—
Chile (N.). Has become very rare.
Aporocactus knebelii Kneb.: garden form with
tuberculate Ri. A. leucotricha (Phil.) Br. & R. was a spherical
several-headed plant with 15 Ri., with long white
A. leptophis(DC.) Br. & R. thin Br. and c. 6 rather long, light brown Sp.; FI.
Sp. yellowish; Ri. only c. 8; FI. down-curving scarlet.—Chile (Tarapaca, near Naquira and
above the Ov.; Pet.narrow, red, Per. ± oblique.— Usmaga). Not identical with A. rettigii, from
Mexico (locality not known). Arequipa. Uncertain spec. Echinocactus leuco-
Distinguished from A. flagelliformis by the lower trichus sensu Soehrens was perhaps A. weingar-
Ri.-count; A. conzattii differs from the present tiana.
spec, by the outer Pet. not being noticeably
recurved. A. mirabilis (Buin.) Backbg. n.comb. (Matucana
mirabilis Buin., Sukkde. (SKG), VII-VIII, 39- 41.
A. martianus(Zucc.) Br. & R. 1963).
St. to 18 mm 0 ; Ri.c. 8; Ar. 1.2 cm apart; Sp. 6-8, Bo. columnar, to 60 cm lg., 12 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 12,
bristly; FI. deep pink, to 10 cm lg.; Tu. with tuberculate because of transverse furrows, even­
projecting bristly Sp. in the upper part; Fr. tually becoming flatter; Ar.to 1.5 cm apart, oval, 8
greenish, spherical, 2 cm 0 . —Mexico (Central mm lg., 5 mm br., yellowish at first, then white;
Highlands?). Rsp.c.T2, projecting, c. 1cm lg., hyaline; Csp.c. 3,
Rowley has raised a magnificent hybrid with pink the 2 upper ones to 1.3 cm lg., the lowest one
FI. stouter, to 2 cm lg., brown above; FI. 8.5 cm lg., 4
cm 0 , ± zygomorphic; Sep.green, to violet on the
margins; Pet.light red, with violet margins; Tu. ±
Arequipa Br. & R. (80) hairy; style white below, ± pink above; Sti.
greenish; Fr.light yellow, dehiscing basally.—Peru
Plants at first spherical, becoming elongated to (Dept. Lima, between Churin and Oyon, 3-3500
semi-columnar or cereoid and then often prostrate; m). This must be the plant I saw in Buining’s

68
 A R E Q U IP A —A R IO C A R P U S

collection, see plate in “Die Cactaceae” VI: p. red, with a broad Tu.; Fr. small, spherical.—N.
3680, Fig. 3342, or l.c. p. 3700, Fig. 3358; this, like Chile, 3500m (to S. Peru?),
the preceding spec., came from Akers. The v. carminanthema Backbg. has a dark carmine
illustrations clearly show that these are distinctly FI.
cereoid plants, referable to Arequipa. Matucana,
acc. to the generic diagnosis of Br, & R., has a
glabrous Tu. and Ov. The only other possibility
would be my G. Submatucana, but this is not Ariocarpus Scheidw. (225)
cereoid. Buining’s remarks (l.c.) against
Submatucana are inapplicable, as I have shown in Plants mostly broadly rounded, ± greyish-green,
my work “Kritisches zu den Kakteenbeiträgen in with stout carrot-like roots. The ribs are replaced
Stikkde. (SKG), VIT-VIII. 1963”. by rather long or acuminate, deltoid tubercles
arranged in spirals. As in Mammillaria, the flowers
.Arequipa myriacantha (Vpl.) Br. & R.: Sub­ are borne around the apex, not in it, sometimes
matucanamyriacantha(Vpl.) Backbg. several together in a coronet (!), arising from the
axils which have flaky wool. Furrows, or cleft and
A. rettigii(Quehl) Oehme (T.) elongated areoles, as in Roseocactus, are not
Bo. + spherical at first, eventually elongated and present. In habitat the plants are mostly sunk in the
columnar and ± prostrate; Ri. 10-20; Ar. to 5 mm soil and therefore often difficult to find.—
apart, grey-felty at first; Rsp. 20-30, thin, hyaline, Distribution: Mexico (more towards the E., from
to 1cm lg.; Csp.to 10, the strongest one up to 3 cm the N. frontier to San Luis Potosí). (O. (G)., better
lg.. not all of them as robust as in the preceding in a mainly mineral compost.)
spec.; FI. to 6 cm lg. or somewhat more, scarlet, (See under Roseocactus Berg, for the following
limb only slightly oblique; Pet. moderately long; spec., formerly attributed to Ariocarpus: A.
Tu. slender, its length almost twice that of the kotschoubeyanus (Lem.) K.Sch., A. fissuratus
FI.—0 ; Fr. spherical.—S. Peru (around (Eng.) K. Sch. and A. Iloydii Rose.)
.Arequipa). (Fig. 13.) Erroneously often called A. Anderson (Am. Journ. Bot., 49: 6, 615-622. 1962)
leucotricha, which is the + unclarified plant, also refers Neogomesia Castañ. and Roseocactus
"Echinocactus leucotrichus Phil.” from Chile. Berg, to Ariocarpus. The supporting morphologi­
cal and cytological researches are interesting, but
A.soehrensii(Krzgr.) Backbg. the unification is ill-considered. If one unites species
Bo. long-cylindric, resembling A. rettigii; Rsp. not where the flowers appear in a coronet from the axils
fine, but firmer and longer; Csp. slightly curving; (Ariocarpus) with those where the flowers are
FI. resembling that of A. rettigii, slender, longer, borne centrally from the newest areoles (Neogom­
limb only slightly zygomorphic.—Peru (Tacna). esia), and others which flower apically and have
Judging by these characters this is a distinct spec, woolly cleft tubercles, then logic demands that
which has not been re-collected since it was first Mammillaria and Coryphantha should no longer
found by J. Soehrens. be segregated. Has the author overlooked this, in
his concern purely with his own very narrow
A. spinosissimaRitt.— “Taxon”, XIII: 3,115.1964. specialism? The remarks under Rebutia are just as
Bo. spherical to elongated, simple; Ri. 20-24, c. 5 applicable here. While a unified classification of the
mm h.; Sp.50-60, white, 3-5 mm lg., some of them family is made increasingly necessary by the
1-2 cm lg., ivory with a brown or blackish tip; FI. constantly increasing number of new admissions, it
7-8 cm lg., carmine, nectary absent.—Peru (Dept. also becomes increasingly difficult; and com­
Arequipa, Quicacha) (FR 196). binations of this kind, without any reference to the
overall situation, endanger the comprehensive
Arequipa variicolor (Backbg.) Backbg.: Oreo- systematic arrangement of the Cactaceae which
cereusvariicolorBackbg. constitutes the most vital task of our times.
Otherwise the process is bound to be extended, and
A. weingartianaBackbg. not just restricted to these three genera. I have to
Bo. spherical at first, eventually elongated, stout reject this, since the consequences would produce
and less cereoid than the preceding spec., up to 40 the utmost confusion, particularly as there is no
cm h., ashen-grey to green; Ri.c. 16; Ar.7 mm lg.; need for amendments of this type which make it
Rsp.c. 12 or more, to 15 mm lg.; Csp.c. 4, arranged more difficult, not easier, to distinguish between
in a cross, thickened at the base, much stouter, to 5 species.
cm lg., at first yellowish and dark-tipped, even­
tually blackish above, becoming grey below; FI.5.5 Ariocarpus agavioides (Castañ.) A nd.:
cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , very zygomorphic, light brick- Neogomesia agavioidesCastañ.
69
A R IO C A R P U S —AR M ATO C ER EUS

A.elongatus(S.D.) M.H. Lee Distribution: from Colombia, through Ecuador to

This spec., or variety of A. trigonus, is disputed. Peru, or S. to the valley of the Rio Pisco and Rio
Tub. are longer and narrower than in A. trigonus; Majes. (Some species grow very strongly, others
FI. said to be white as in A. retusus, whereas A. much more slowly. [(R). O.]
trigonus flowers yellow. 3 different natural forms
have been observed (acc. Voldan, Prague).— A. arboreusRauh & Backbg.
Mexico (T'amaulipas), Jaumave, San Vicente. Bo. broadly tree-shaped, grey-green, with a thick
trunk, to 6 m h. or more; shoots ascending,
A. furfuraceus(Wats.) Thomps. numerous, to 60 cm lg., 15 cm 0 ; Ri. (5— )6; Rsp.
Bo. broadly rounded, light grey, to c. 10 cm 0 , mostly not long; Csp. 1-3, to 15 cm lg.; FI. white;
Tub. ± broadly compressed, the upper surface Fr. apparently not very strongly spined.—Central
calloused and the tip elongated; Ar.apical, minute, Peru (around the upper Eulalia valley).
glabrous; FI. 2.5-3 cm lg., 4-5 cm 0 , white (to
pink?); Pet.6-10mm br.—Mexico (Coahuila). I A. arduus Ritt. (FR 1060): no description avail-
v. rostratus Berg.: with a woolly Ar. below the I able.
tip.
A. cartwrightianus(Br. & R.) Backbg.
A. retususScheidw. (T.) Bo. tree-like, fresh green, over 5 m h., with a stout
Bo. rounded, blue or olive or grey-green, to 10-12 trunk, very strong-growing, even in cultivation;
cm br., with wool in the crown; Tub. acutely shootsto 60 cm lg., 8-15 cm 0 . Ri.7-8; Ar. large,
trigonous, broad at the base, tapering, smooth, brown; Sp. reddish-brown at first, soon becoming
convex and keeled on the underside; Ar. minute, whitish with a dark tip; Rsp. and Csp. scarcely
below the tip, or absent, otherwise glabrous; FI. 4 distinguishable, to 20 or even more in age, at first to
cm lg., pale pink; Sti. white.—Mexico (San Luis 2 cm lg., some to 12 cm lg. or more, all eventually
Potosí). dark, brown or grey-white; FI. 7-9 cm lg.; Tu.
slender, Sp. more distant, few or only short; Ov.
A. scapharostrusBod. more densely spiny; Pet. white; Fr. 9 cm lg., with
Bo. broadly rounded, to 9 cm 0 , dark leaf-green; weak Sp.—S. Ecuador to N. eru. (Fig. 15.)
Tub. directed obliquely upwards, prismatically v. longispinusBackbg. has particularly long Sp.
elongated, to 5 cm lg., trigonous, flat and smooth
above, curving up at the tip, keeled below; Ax. (acc. A. churinensis Rauh & Backbg.
Bod.) glabrous, but just below it there is a woolly Bo.only 2m h., dull green; Ri.5, thin; FI. white; Fr.
depression, making the Ax. appear woolly (does dark green, with dense brown Sp.—Central Peru
this apply to other spec.?); FI. to 4 cm 0 , violet- (Churin valley).
pink; S.dull black.—Mexico (Nuevo León).
A. confusus Ritt.: Sp. moderately lg., dark at first
A. trigonus(Web.) K. Sch. otherwise identical with A. laetus.—N. Peru. Acc.
Bo. broadly rounded, to over 10 cm 0 ; Tub. Backeberg the name-transfer has not been vali­
elongated, tapering, curving ± upwards, ± glossy, dated.
brownish to greyish-green, numerous, 3.5 cm lg.,
weakly trigonous, keeled below; FI. often num­ A. ghiesbreghtii (K.Sch.) is probably identical with
erous, c. 5 cm 0 , yellowish; Sti. 8-10.—Mexico A. laetus; the new combination is therefore not
(Nuevo León). (Fig. 14.) completely valid.
v. elongatus (SD.) Backbg.: Tub. to 5 cm lg.,
evenly tapering, with a broader pruinose A. godingianus(Br. & R.) Backbg.
band.—Mexico (near Jaumave). Bo. tree-like, shoots with longer Seg., light to
greyish green, robust, broader towards the base;
trunk to 50 cm 0 ; Ri. 7-11; Sp. acicular, robust,
Armatocereus Backbg. (59) 2-4cm lg., brownish at first; FI.to 11cm lg., white;
Tu. only 2cm lg., thick-walled, it and the Ov. with
Larger, shrubby or tree-like Cerei with fairly stiffly brown wool and yellow bristly Sp.; Fr. 10 cm lg.,
ascending stems showing a conspicuous con­ with yellow Sp.; S. large, black.—Ecuador
striction at the end of the annual growth; true green (Chanchan valley, around Huigra). Rarely im­
to whitish grey-green, poorly or strongly spined; ported.
the flowers have a proportionately long tube which,
like the ovary, is + spiny; the perianth is white or in A. humilis(Br. & R.) Backbg.
one instance red. The fruits are mostly quite Bo. forming broad bushes, to 4 m h.; shoots dark
strongly spiny, and fairly large; seeds fairly large.— green, to 4 cm 0, constricted, ± tapering above;

70
 A R M ATO C ER EU S—A R R O JA D O A

Ri. 3—4(—6); Ar. large, white; Sp. 5-8, brown at 7-9, narrow, 2 cm h.; Ar. blackish, circular; Rsp.
first, later white, acicular, 1-2 cm lg.; FI.greenish- 10—15, to 1 cm lg., light grey; Csp. mostly 1-4, in
white, 6 cm lg.; Ov. spineless at first; Tu. with part to 12 cm lg., brown-tipped, in part contorted
scattered tufts of fine short Sp.; Fr.spherical, 4 cm or angular; FI.white, 8-10 cm lg.; Fr. 15 cm lg., 5
0 , very spiny.—Colombia (Dagua valley, Venticas cm 0 , with Sp. to 4 cm lg., grey-violet.—S. Peru
del Dagua). (Rio Majes valley).

A. laetus(HBK.) Backbg. (T.)

Bo.tall-shrubby, erectly branching, to 6 m h., pale Arrojadoa Br. & R. (186)
greyish-green; Ri. mostly 7, low, acute, becoming
flattened; Sp. to 12, brown at first, becoming Very slender-stemmed, moderately long or in part
whitish, 1-2 centrals to 8 cm lg.; FI.c. 6.5 cm lg., 5 creeping plants, with an apical, brush-like tuft of
c m 0 , white; Tu. c. 5 cm lg., 2.2 cm 0, with dark bristles from which the red buds and + reddish
felt and blackish Sp. directed upwards; Ov. c. 1.2 nocturnal flowers arise. The berry-like fruits are
cm lg., broadly spherical; Fr. with dense reddish- spherical and bear floral remains.—Distribution:
brown Spjj-N. Peru (Rio Huancabamba). N. Brazil (Bahia, Piauhy, Pernambuco). [(G).]

A. mataranusRitt. A. aureispinaBuin. & Bred.

Spec, resembling A. laetus, but growing taller and Bo. 0.75-1 m h., 5-5.5 cm 0 , offsetting from the
broader.—Peru. base; Ri. 14, to 1cm apart, 6-7 mm h., obtuse; Ar.4
mm br., 3.5 mm lg., 7-8 mm apart; Sp.clustered at
Backbg.
A . m a tu c a n e n s is the apex, golden-yellow, tipped golden-brown,
Bo. moderately tall, with a broad crown, the trunk later whitish; Rsp. 12-13, straight; Csp. c. 9, c. 14
only short or absent; shoots mostly darker green; mm lg.; FI.tubular, 31 mm lg., to 10 mm 0 , dark
Ri.4—5(—8); Sp. 8 or more, 1-2 of these longer, one pink, appearing from an apical Ceph. through
often to 10 cm lg.; FI. white; Fr. large, green, which the new growth, c. 15 cm lg., develops during
densely spiny.—Central Peru (around Matucana). the next season and in turn develops a new Ceph.;
i Fig. 16.) style yellowish-white; Fr. cherry-shaped, pinkish-
red; S. glossy black.— Brazil (Bahia, NW. of
A. oligogonusRauh & Backbg. Caitite, among Bromeliads on rocks; discovered
Bo.leaden-grey, to 3 m h.; Ri.mostly 4-5, narrow, 1966 by Horst and Burning). (Fig. 460.)
prominent; Sp.grey, dark-tipped; Rsp.8-12, to 1.5
cm lg.; Csp. 1-2, to 10 cm lg.; FI.white; Fr. with A. canudosensisBuin. & Bred.
long brownish Sp.—N. Peru (Huancabamba Bo. offsetting from the base; St. 1-1.25 m h., 5.5-6
valley). cm 0 , green, erect; R. branching; Ceph. of brown
Br. and white H. through which the new season’s
A. procerusRauh & Backbg. growth develops to become c. 20-25 cm lg., this in
Bo. to 7 m. h., green, without a distinct trunk; turn with a new Ceph. ;Ri.11-13,14—15mm h.; Ar.
shoots stiffly erect, strongly articulated; Ri. 8-10; oval, 5 mm lg., 3.5 mm br., with white H. at first,
Rsp. 15-20, to 2 cm lg., whitish; Csp.to 4, to 12 cm later glabrous, 8 mm apart; Sp. yellowish-white at
lg., honey-yellow below, leather-coloured above; first, tipped brown, later concolorous brown or
Sp.numerous from old Ar., radiating, unequal; FI. white; Csp. 8, stouter than the Rsp., innermost one
10 cm lg., 5 cm 0 , white; Fr.7 cm long, green, with stoutest, to 30 mm lg., others 15—17 mm lg.; FI.
white Sp.—Peru (Rio Casma to Rio Nazca). funnelform, 3 cm lg., pink; Pet.and Sep. rounded;
Fil.very numerous, white; An.yellow; style 20 mm
A. rauhiiBackbg. lg.; Fr. 15 mm 0 , light pink at first, later dark
Bo.4-6 m h., bluish to greyish-green, the trunk 1m. violet; S. black.—Brazil (Bahia, Canudos, in the
h.. the crown consisting of rigidly ascending Caatinga at 400 m).
branches, these only somewhat re-branching; Ar.3
mm long, white; Rsp. 6— 7(—10), only 1-2 mm lg.; A. dinaeBuin. & Bred. 1973
Csp. sometimes present, 6 mm-1-3 cm lg., grey Bo.consisting of thin, columnar branches from the
below, black above, other Sp. blackish-brown; FI. base, to 30 cm lg., 18-20 mm 0 ; Ceph. white-
carmine; Tu.with distant Ar. with black to red Sp.; woolly, with 15-20 mm lg. brown Br.; Ri. 11,
Fr. 3-5 cm lg., dark green, with red to black Sp.— narrow, rounded, 4-5 mm br.; Ar. round, 5 mm
N. Peru (Huancabamba valley). (Fig. 17.) apart, with greyish-white felt at first, later glab­
rous; Sp. white, often tipped light brown, radiat­
A. riomajensisRauh & Backbg. ing, flexible, c. 12 Rsp. and 8 Csp., these little
Bo. only 2m h.; branchesleaden-grey to green; Ri. differentiated, 4-8 mm lg.; FI.tubular, 29 mm lg.,
71
A R R O JA D O A -A R T H R O C E R E U S

to 9 mm br., brownish-carmine, yellow inside; Fil. A. theunissenianaBuin. & Bred.

white; Sti.5-6, yellowish; Fr.berry-like, brownish- Bo. offsetting from the base; St.40-80 cm lg., 3-4
red; S. glossy black.—Brazil (Bahia, Serra do cm thick, green; apical Ceph. with brown Br. to 20
Espinhaco, SE. of Urandi, at 900 m, in sandy- mm lg., with white wool at first, later glabrous; Ri.
loamy soil, beneath shrubs and trees). Found in 10-12, fairly obtuse, c. 5 mm h. and 10 mm apart;
1972 by Burning and Horst. (Fig. 461.) Ar. with white felt, later grey, subcircular; Rsp. c.
13, radiating, light yellowish-brown; Csp. 8,
A.eriocaulisBuin. & Bred. yellowish-brown, darker-tipped, innermost ones to
Bo.with thin columnar branches 50 cm lg. or more, 22 mm lg.; FI. tubular, 34 mm lg., glabrous,
1-1.5 cm 0 , green, with white to yellowish-white pinkish-red; style yellowish-white; Sti. 5, yellow,
H., with a tuberous R.;Ceph. with long, silky, tapering.—Brazil (Bahia, in very dry Caatinga,
yellowish-white H.;Br. c. 2 cm lg., light brown, under shrubs; between Macaubas and Botopura,
flexible; Ri. 8-9, c. 3 mm apart, narrow, rounded, at c. 600 m).
thickened at the Ar., to 3 mm br.; Ar. rather
sunken, oval, 2-2.5 mm lg., 1.5 mm br., 5 mm
apart, with silky, woolly, white to yellowish-white Arthrocereus Berg. (142)
H. ;Rsp. 10-12, radiating, 4—7 mm lg., yellowish-
brown, stiff; Csp. 8, 6-12 mm lg., dark brown, one Small cerei with slender stems, in part with a woody
of these directed obliquely upwards, c. 12 mm lg.; root; in one species the stems are divided into
FI. tubular, 12 mm lg., to 6 mm br., glabrous, spherical segments, otherwise they are cereoid.
carmine, with very small Sc.; Sep.3.5 mm lg., 2 mm The fruits are juicy berries. Two Subgenera are
br., light violet-pink; Pet. denticulate, acute, light distinguished on the basis of flower-size and hair-
violet-pink; style white, with 4—5 creamy-white development, and the number indicating the
Sti.; An. yellow; Fr. berry-like, 14 mm lg., relevant Subgenus is given in brackets after the
brownish-red; S. cap-shaped, dull black.—Brazil specific name; the self-sterile flowers are nocturnal.
(Minas Geraes); near Mato Verde, at 950 m, among SG. 1: Arthrocereus: flowers long, slender, more
grass and shrubs. Discovered 1971 by Horst. (Fig. weakly hairy;
462.) SG.2: Cutakia Backbg.: flowers shorter, stouter
and more strongly hairy.
A. medinensis (FR 1335): no description available. Setiechinopsis, which is self-fertile and often
autogamous, its flower set with bristle-tipped
A. multiflora Ritt. (FR 1243): no description scales, and its fruit fusiform and dry, is not
available. referable here.—Distribution: Central Brazil
(Minas Geraes). [(G) (R).]
A. penicillata(Giirke) Br. & R.
Bo. to 2 m h., inclined-shrubby; St. segmented, A.campos-portoi(Werd.) Backbg. (1)
growing on through the bristle-tufts, continuing to Bo. simple or offsetting, + prostrate; St.to 15 cm
flower from some older annular tufts, thickened lg., to 3 cm 0, almost glossy light green; Ri.c. 12,
apically; Ri. 10-12, slender; Rsp. 8-12, short, low; Ar. yellowish-grey at first; Rsp. 25-35; Csp.
appressed, very fine; Csp. 1-2, stouter, rigid, 1-3 1-2, to 4 cm lg.; Sp.all + dark brown; FI. to 8.5 cm
cm lg.; FI. opening fairly wide, nocturnal, reddish; lg.; Sc. very small; Tu. ± hairy; Pet. white,
S. very small, semi-glossy, dark brown.—Brazil narrowly lanceolate, revolute; Fr. small, pear-
(Central and S. Bahia). (Fig. 18.) shaped; S. black.—Brazil (Minas Geraes, Bello
v. decumbens Backbg. & Voll: prostrate, more Horizonte, Serra de Curral).
stoutly spined.
A. mello-barretoiBackbg. & Voll (2)
Bo. somewhat more slender than in the preceding;
A. rhodantha(Giirke) Br. & R. (T.) Ri. 16; Ar. 4-5 mm apart; Sp. c. 35, greenish-
Bo. to 2 m h., shrubby, erect to prostate, mostly yellow, centrals to 2.5 cm lg.; FI.stouter, 7 cm lg., 5
branching from the base; St. mostly short - cm 0 ; Tu. 5.5 cm lg., stout, densely set with
cylindric, 2-5 cm 0 ; Ri. 10-12, low; Ar. 8—12 mm reddish-brown H.; Pet. white, spreading
apart; Rsp. and Csp. scarcely differentiated, c. 20 horizontally.—Brazil (Minas Geraes, Serra de
outer and 5-6 central ones, to 3 cm lg., mostly Lenheiro).
darker brown; FI.from the apical tuft, to 3.5 cm lg.,
I. 2 cm 0 , bluish-red; Fr. top-shaped, purple.—A. microsphaericus(K. Sch.) Berg. (1) (T.)
Brazil (Bahia, Piauhy, Pernambuco). Ritter reports Bo.consisting of spherical Seg.; St.to 6.5 cm lg. or
a v. minensis Ritt. (FR 1241 A), without any further more; Ri. 7, very low; Sp. numerous, very short,
details, also a sp.n. (FR 1244) “with red Sp.“. fine; FI.white, c. 11 cm lg.; Tu. thin, only sparsely
72
 A R T H R O C E R E U S -A S T R O P H Y T U M

hairy; Fr.spherical.—Brazil. flock-development, in age to 25 cm h.; Ri. acute, c.

Arthrocereus mirabilis (Speg.) F. Buxb.: 9; Ar. 1.5-3 cm apart, greyish-white; Sp. to TO,
Setiechinopsismirabilis(Speg.) de Haas. irregular in arrangement, flattened, very flexible, to
7 cm. lg., ± brown, eventually falling; FI. c. 7 cm
A.rondoniamisBackbg. & Voll (2) lg., yellow, with a carmine centre; Ov. green; Fr.
Bo. as in A. mello-barretoi; St.to 50 cm lg., fresh oblong, red, red inside.—(N. Mexico.) (Fig. 20.)
green; Ar. 5—10 mm apart, grey; Sp. 40-50, very The following varieties have been segregated:
fine, yellowish, some to 2 cm lg., 1-2 centrals to 7 v. crassispinum(Moll.) Ok.: with flock sparse or
cm lg. (shorter in grafted plants); FI.pale lilac-red; missing, Sp.stout, dark, FI.lacking a red centre;
Sep. narrow, spreading; Pet. + trumpet-like; Tu. v. minus(Rge. & Quehl) Ok.: with a smaller Bo.;
only medium-long, with projecting, upwardly- v. niveum (Kays.) Ok.: overall white, with
directed, ± bristle-like hairs; Fil. purple; style upcurving blackish ± terete Sp.
projecting; Sti. white. Grafted plants produce
numerous magnificent flowers.—Brazil (near A. coahuilense(Moll. ) Kays. (2)
Diamantina). (Fig. 19.) Bo. becoming elongated, with few angles, with
dense white flock; Ri. normally 5; FI. large,
sulphur-yellow, with an orange to scarlet centre;
Astrophytum Lem. (191) Fr. purplish-red, opening basally.—N. Mexico
(Coahuila).
Plants of very diverse habit: spineless, with few ±
acute angles (so-called “Bishop’s Cap”); or A. myriostigmaLem. (1) (T.)
resembling sea-urchins; or in other species with Bo,spherical to somewhat elongated, rarely higher,
distinctive soft, long spines; in one species the greenish to whitish-grey; Ri. mostly 5 (rarely 3-4),
ipines are rigid; mostly spherical in shape although acute; Ar. 10-15 mm apart; FI.yellow, to 6 cm 0 ;
two varieties of the type-species become ± Sep. black-tipped; Fr. splitting and gaping.—
elongated, and one species becomes tall-columnar Mexico (central to northern Highlands).
in age. In general all species have the epidermis set v. coiumnare (K.Sch.) Tsuda is oblong, FI.only
with minute flakes, this in part + strongly reduced medium-large, pale yellow; subv. glabrum
and in some sub-varieties (forms) completely Backbg. is pure green, with acuter Ri.; v.
suppressed. Flowers mostly larger, attractive, + potosinum (Moll.) Krzgr. has a more greenish
yellow, in part red at the centre. Fruits split widely Bo. and smaller, pale yellow FI.; its subv. tulense
above, or open below; in some species the wall is (Kays.) Backbg. has a whiter Bo.,FI.pale yellow,
firm, in others softer. Seeds brown, relatively soft. redder towards the centre; v. quadrkostatum
Two Subgenera are segregated on the basis of type (Moll.) Baum usually has 4 Ri.; v. strongylo-
of dehiscence; the relevant figure is shown in gonum Backbg. has more rounded, less acute Ri.,
brackets after the specific name. and FI. which are large, light yellow; its subv.
SG. 1: Astrophytum: Ripe fruits splitting above nudum (R. Mey.) Backbg, is concolourous green.
and gaping;
SG.2: Neoastrophytum Backbg.: Fruits open­ A. ornatum (DC.) Web. (1)
ing below, in part not opening at all but Bo. at first spherical, becoming columnar, to c. 1 m
disintegrating. h., 30 cm 0 , while individual specimens are said to
Distribution: USA (Texas) to Mexico (from have attained 3 m. in height (Fittkau); Ri.8, flakes
Coahuila, more eastern parts, to San Luis Potosí forming a curving pattern; Sp. 5-11, straight,
and Queretaro). [(G) (R).] subulate, sharp, yellowish to dark brown, the
longest ones to 3 cm lg.; FI. 7-9 cm 0 , light yellow;
A. asterias(Zucc.) Lem. (2) Fr.oblong to spherical; S.not numerous.—Mexico
Bo. flat, to c. 10 cm. br., green to greyish-green or (Hidalgo to Queretaro).
somewhat darker, spineless; Ri. (6— )8(—10), flat; subv. glabrescens(Web.) Backbg. is dark green,
At.centrally on the Ri., circular, fairly broad; FI.3 with the flock sparse or absent;
cm lg., to 6.5 cm 0 , yellow (sometimes with a v. mirbelii (Lem.) Ok. is distinguished by. its
reddish tinge), with a red centre; Fr.greyish-red, ± attractive golden-yellow Sp. and generally
fleshy, opening below or disintegrating. Young stronger flock-development.
seedlings have small spines.—Mexico (Tamau- There are also the forms: nudum and spirale.
lipas, Nuevo Leon) to USA (Texas, Rio Grande
valley). A. senileFric (2)
Bo. at first spherical, eventually elongated, leaf-
A. capricorne(Dietr.) Br. & R. (2) green, to 35 cm h. and 15 cm 0 ; Ri. 8, acute, flock
Bo.spherical to elongated, strong green, variable in absent; Ar. 1-1.2 cm apart, 5 mm long, yellow; Sp.

73
A S T R O P H Y T U M -A U S T R O C E P H A LO C E R E U S

15-20, + terete, flexible, contorted, brownish-red yellowish-brown; Fil.whitish; Sti.reddish above;

to brownish-black, not falling; FI.,Fr. and S.as in Fr. green, soft; S. 2.25 mm long, black, finely
A. capricorne.-- Mexico, tuberculate with a small hilum.—Chile (Maule
v. aureum(Moll.) Backbg. has Sp.which are gold gorge, Mine Dolomita, c. 2000 m). The flowers are
to straw-coloured at first, and sometimes slight apparently also dioecious.
flock development.
A.patagonicus(Web.) Backbg.
Bo. columnar, to 8 cm 0 , offsetting, to 50 cm lg.;
Austrocactus Br. & R. (105) Ri.9-12, tuberculate; Ar. white; Rsp. 6-10, to 1.5
cm lg., light; Csp. 1-4, stronger, to 2.5 cm lg.,
The distinguishing characteristic of all species is the thickened at the base, horn-coloured at first,
soft-fleshy, columnar body. Some flower while still becoming blackish, sometimes hooked; Fl.4cm lg,,
spherical. The flowers are ± funnelform; they and 5 cm 0 , whitish to pinkish-white; Tu. with dirty
the fruits are ± bristly-spiny. The perianth of the white wool, with horn-coloured to black Br.; style
Argentinian species is + reddish, and in the pink; Sti. violet; Fr. ± dry, bristly; S. dark,
Chilean species yellowish-brown. A genus with compressed.—S. Argentina (Patagonia; along the
distinctive characters of body and flower.— rivers Chubut and Negro). Judging by the data on
Distribution: S. Argentina (Neuquen, Rio Negro, habitat and altitude, A. hibernus is without doubt
Chubut, Santa Cruz) and S. upper Chile (upper an invader from the principal Argentine distri­
Maule gorge). bution. Ritter (l.c.) also refers Erdisia philippii
(Reg. & Schmidt) Br. & R. and Erdisia spiniflora
A. bertinii(Cels) Br. & R. (Phil.) Br. & R. to the genus Austrocactus. Quite
Bo. + cereoid, fairly soft, to more than 5 cm 0 , apart from the fact that there is no justification
olive-green, to 40 cm h.; Ri. 10-12, strongly based on floral studies, E. philippii has never been
tuberculate; Rsp. c. 15,acicular, to 1cm lg., light; re-collected, so that any comb. nov. would be
Csp. mostly 4—6, moderately strong, to 6 cm lg., hazardous. E. spiniflora, as shown in the illus­
yellowish to brownish, sometimes all hooked, tration of Br. & R., has the subterranean rhizome-
otherwise straight; FI. 6 cm lg., 10 cm 0 (?), like stem which is typical of E. meyenii, and fruits
pinkish-yellow; Tu. with wool and stiff Br.; style which much more closely resemble those of
and Sti. red; S. flattened.—S. Argentina (near Erdisia; the American authors themselves stated
Comodoro Rivadavia). (Fig. 21.) that the flowers were alike. I am therefore unable to
follow them here since the new combination is not
A. coxii(K.Sch.) Backbg. well founded.
Bo. cereoid, to 60 cm lg., to 5 cm 0 ; Ri. 6-10,
tuberculate; Rsp.c. 6-10,1 cmlg., thin, interlacing; Austrocephalocereus Backbg. (181)
Csp. 1M, stouter, to 4 cm lg., straight or + hooked,
pale to whitish; FI.3.5 cm lg. and 0 , pale reddish; Cerei, eventually several meters high, with true
Ov.without bristles, sparsely hairy; stylepink; Sti. cephalia situated laterally, and not arising from a
very dark red.—S. Argentina (Chubut; near groove or cleft; flowers glabrous. They belong to
Chilean frontier). the S. American branch of cephalium-bearing
genera, although the cephalia are not as broad,
A. gracilisBackbg. large or strong as in the cephalium-stages of the
Bo. slender, thin, to 1.6 cm 0 , to 35 cm lg., often Mexican Pachycerei. While Pilosocereus Byi. &
prostrate; Ri. 8-9, low, slender, + tuberculate Rowl. exhibits only cephalium-like development
throughout; Rsp. to 11 and sometimes with 1-3 (which in part is absent) even in older plants, this
additional minute Sp. above, to 5 mm lg., all development is constant in the truly cephalium-
whitish, yellowish-tipped; Csp. 1-3, stouter, some bearing plants, differing only in character. Austro­
± hooked, yellowish, brown-tipped, to 2 cm lg.; FI. cephalocereus Backbg. is the sole Brazilian genus
?— S. Argentina (Patagonia). with glabrous flowers, and a lateral cephalium
which does not arise from a groove; in one species
A. hibernus Ritt.—Sukkde. (SKG) VII-VIII, the cephalium is interspersed with bristles but these
34-36. 1963. are absent in the other species. The genus should
Bo. green, prostrate and/or ascending, to 3 cm 0 , thus by rights be divided into two subgenera, but I
10 cm lg.; Ri. 7-8, to 6 mm h., quite strongly have not done this because we have as yet no
tuberculate; Ar. pale yellow; Rsp. 5-8, whitish, certain knowledge as to whether a few bristles do,
mostly very thin, 3-10 mm lg., upper ones stronger, or do not, sometimes appear; or whether cephalia
to 2 cm lg., yellowish-brown; Csp. 1-4, 1-3 cm lg., consisting of thick woolly tufts represent only a
straight, yellowish-brown; Fl. to 5 cm lg., slight reduction in as much as no brisles are
74
 A U STR O C EPHALO CER EU S—A U S T R O C Y L IN D R O P U N T IA

present.—Distribution: NE. Brazil (Bahia). [(G) All spec, are still rare in cultivation. Ritt. mentions
R).] a “Cephalocereus Ritt. (FR 1212), more slender
than dybowskii”, which is probably referable
A. albicephalusBuin. & Bred. here. (Fig. 464.)
Bo.columnar, offsetting from the base; branchesto
12.5 m lg., to 9 cm 0 , green; Ceph. 30-40 cm lg.,
.iften more, 8-9 cm br., with dense silky white wool, Austrocylindropuntia Backbg. (6)
vith golden-yellow Br. to 5 cm lg. only at the apex;
Ri.to 32, c. 5 mm h., 8-10 mm br. and distant; Ar. Cylindrical species from S. America, variable in
3- 5 mm apart, oval, 4 mm lg., 3 mm br., those in the size, height and stem-thickness, distinguished from
dowering zone 5 mm 0 , with light yellow wool and the northern Cylindropuntia by the complete
solitary white H,; Sp.numerous, straight, thin and absence of even rudimentary spine-sheaths. Some
sharp, golden-yellow, later brownish, dark brown species have lesser or greater amounts of hair on the
oelow, one downwardly directed Sp. to 1.5 cm lg.; stems, in others this is very sparse or minute. The
FI. nocturnal, cylindric, bellshaped above, 4.5-5 following groups can be distinguished on the basis
cm lg., 2.6 cm 0 when expanded, glabrous, white; of growth-form (indicated by the figures after the
Ov. 9 mm lg. and br., light green, 2.5-7 mm br.; specific names):
Sep. spatulate, mucronate, fleshy, c. 16 mm lg., 1. Large shrubby species, or those with stout
vhitish, with a brownish-pink tip and M.-stripe; stems having broader tubercles;
Pet. similarly, white; Fil. numerous, white; An. 2. Similar in habit; with a strong blue tinge, with
yellow; style32 mm lg., white, light greenish above; narrower tubercles;
Sti. thin, radiating, yellowish, 4 mm lg.; Fr. 3. Low, + dense groups, in part with some
spherical, c. 3 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 , brownish-red, pulp hairs;
white, translucent; S. ovoid matt black.—Brazil 4. Slender-stemmed, low-growing plants, in the
Minas Geraes; near Mato Verde, on and between wild in part spherical in shape, with or
rocks, at c. 950 m). Found by Horst, 1972. without some hair-development;
5. Plants forming thin stems of little over pencil-
A. dybowskii(Goss.) Backbg. thickness, without hairs;
Bo.to 4m h., branching from the base; St.directed 6. Plants quite short-stemmed, ± clavate,
fairly stiffly upwards, entirely covered by soft white sometimes unusually shaped.
H.. to 8 cm 0 ; Ri. over 20, narrow, low; Ar. Fruits quite variable: from large, sometimes sterile
crowded; Rsp. numerous, short, concealed by the and hard, to small and soft; seeds light-coloured,
H.: Csp. 2-3, yellowish to brownish, projecting to larger and extremely hard.—Distribution: from
spreading, to 3 cm lg., acicular; Ceph.to 60 cm lg., Ecuador through the Peruvian Highlands to the
white; FI. 4 cm lg., bellshaped, white; Pet. short; coast of Chile; in Bolivia and N. Argentina, and
Fr. spherical, naked, pink, c. 2.5 cm 0 ; S. black, into Paraguay. [(R), with one exception.]
rough.—Brazil (Bahia, Itumirin). (Fig. 22.)
A. clavarioides(Pfeiff.) Backbg. (6)
A. lehmannianus(Werd.) Backbg. Bo. small, branches resembling stag’s horns, not
Bo. to 2 m h., branching somewhat from the base; very firm, brownish; Sp. to 10, minute; FI.
St.with a bluish tinge, to 8 cm 0 ;Ri.c. 20, 5-8 mm yellowish-brownish, to 6.5 cm lg.; Ov. cylindric,
h.: Ar. close-set; Sp.to 40, to 2 cm lg., interlacing, with Br.; Fr. 1.5 cm long, containing only 1 S.—
interspersed with white H. to 2 cm lg.; Ceph. to 4 Argentina (Chilean frontier, above Mendoza).
cm br., dense, white, brownish at the base, to 50 cm [(G)!]. One form has completely cylindric St.
lg.; FI.3.5 cm lg.; Ov. and Tu. reddish; Pet.white; v. ruiz-lealii(Cast.) Backbg. has green St.; FI.to
Fr.2.5 cm lg., top-shaped, with a lid, red; S.dull to 4 cm lg. (Fig. 23.)
slightly glossy, black.—Brazil (Bahia, Serra
d’Espinhaijo). A. colubrina(Cast.) Backbg. (5)
The sole dark green representative of its Group; FI.
A. purpureus(Giirke) Backbg. (T.) lemon-yellow, 5.5 cm 0 ; Fr. red.—Argentina
Bo. to 5 m h., little branching; St.to 12 cm 0 ; Ri. (Formosa).
to 25; Ar.close-set; Rsp. 15-20, to 15 mm lg.; Csp.
4- 6, some to 5 cm lg., yellowish to darker brown; A. cylindrica(Lamarck) Backbg. (1)
Ceph. to 1 m lg., 12 cm br., with reddish-brown to Bo. to 4 m h.; Ar. white, sunken, in part with some
blackish Br. to 2 cm lg., wool greyish-white; FI.3.5 H.; Sp. at first 2-3, short, white (often absent on
cm lg.; Sep. pinkish-red; Pet.more whitish; Fr. as cultivated plants); FI. pink, limb directed more
in the preceding; S. deep brownish-black.—Brazil strongly upwards; Fr. 5 cm lg., yellowish-green.—
(S. Bahia). S. Ecuador (to N. Peru?).

75
A U S T R O C Y L IN D R O P U N T IA

A. exaltata(Berg.) Backbg.(l) (T.) yellow; Fr. the size of a hen’s egg, yellow (near
Bo. to 6 m h., forming a denser shrub than the Vallenar).
preceding; L. to c. 7 cm lg.; Ar. longer decurrent;
Sp. few at first, later to 12 or more, eventually in A. pachypus(K.Sch.) Backbg. (1)
part quite lg., to 12 cm lg., dark yellow to reddish- Bo. to 1 m h.; Seg. 3-5 cm 0, symmetrically
brown; FI.( + brick) red; Fr. to 9 cm long, hard, tuberculate; Tub. very numerous, 4-sided, flat; Sp.
mostly sterile.-^Peru (Highlands). 20-30, subulate, 5-20 mm lg.; Glo.yellow; FI.7 cm
lg., scarlet; stylevery thick; Fr. often proliferating
A. haematacanfha (Backbg.) Backbg. (4) in chains, rooting on falling to the ground.—Peru
St.only to 8 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 ; L. small, red; Sp. 5, (Chosica valley).
10-15 mm lg., central one to 5 cm lg.; Fr. red
inside.—Bolivia (near Oruro). A. salmiana(Parm.) Backbg. (5)
Bo. bushy, to 2 m h. or lg., freely branching in
A. humahuacana (Backbg.) Backbg. (3) habitat; Seg. 1.5 cm 0, terete, not tuberculate,
Bo.to c. 50 cm h.; St.to 4 cm 0 , leaf-green at first, often with a reddish tinge; Sp. absent or small, to
becoming light green; Ar. ± round to oblong, 1.5cmlg., whitish; FI.to 3.5cm 0, pale yellow;Fr.
light; Glo.light yellow, erect; L. to 1.5 cm lg.; Sp. scarlet (acc. Riviere also “mauve-violet”).—Brazil,
few at first, short, light, later increasing in number, E. Argentina to Bolivia (near Comarapa ?).
acicular, spreading, to over 2 cm lg., pale yellowish; v. albiflora(K.Sch.) Backbg. has leaf-green Seg.;
FI. deep purple.—N. Argentina (near Hum- FI.c. 2 cm 0 , white; Fr.green.—N. Argentina to
ahuaca). Paraguay, v. spegazzinii (Web.) Backbg. has
bluish-green Seg.; FI. only 2 cm 0, yellow; Fr.
A. inarmataBackbg. (4) bluish-green.—N. Argentina (Salta).
Bo. small, dark green, becoming olive; Ar. wider
than long, white; L. to 15 mm lg., erect; Sp.mostly A. shaferi(Br. & R.) Backbg. (3)
absent, rarely one, porrect; Glo. scarcely distin­ Bo. 30 cm h., with 2-4 Seg. which are very spiny;
guishable, hyaline; FI. red with a slight tinge of Tub. often indistinct; Ar. c. 1 cm apart; Sp. c. 6,
orange, 4 cm 0 ; style dark violet; Fil. red; Stl. brownish, to 6 cm lg., interspersed with long white
wine-red.—Bolivia. (Fig. 24.) H.; FI.not known; Fr. c. 2 cm 0, with white felt
and white Glo.; S.4 mm. lg.—N. Argentina.
A.intermediaRauh & Backbg. (1)
Bo. to 1.5 m h., freely branching; Seg. + clavate; A. steinianaBackbg. (4)
Tub. with rib-like markings; Sp. 2-6, yellowish- Bo.spherical at first in the wild, later thin-stemmed,
white, c. 3 cm lg.; FI. scarlet, limb short; Pet. + ± prostrate, to 10 cm lg., 1 cm 0 ; Tub. indistinct,
erect; Fr.subspherical.—N. Peru (Huancabamba). broadly oval and prominent in cultivated plants;
Sp. 2-7, to 1.5 cm lg., sharp, projecting, some
A.ipatiana(Card.) Backbg. (5) appressed, in cultivation only c. 5 mm lg.; FI. and
Bo.to 30 cmh., with a short trunk; Seg. 1.5 cm 0 , Fr.not known.—Bolivia.
green with a purple sheen, weakly tuberculate, 7-8
cm lg. lower down, terminal shoots 3-4 cm lg., 6 A. subulata(Muhlpfrdt.) Backbg. (1)
mm 0 ; Ar.7 mm apart, white; Glo.yellowish; Sp. Bo.stiffly and erectly shrubby, to 4 m h., trunk 6-10
5-9, to 2 cm lg., brownish, with a reddish tip; FI.3.5 cm 0 ; Br. directed sideways and upeurving, to 7
cm lg., salmon-pink; Fr. purple, 2.5 cm lg., cm 0 ; Tub.oblong, flat with a darker border; L. to
proliferating.—Boli via (Santa Cruz, 800 m). over 12(—15) cm lg., semi-cylindric, tapering and ±
curving, persisting for over a year; Sp. 1-2 or more,
A. jujuyensis nom,nud. (C'act. y Sue. Mex. X/l): subulate, to 8 cm lg. or more, ± light yellowish;
judging from the inadequate illustration, this is A. Glo. sparse; FI. sunken in the Ov., to c. 7 cm lg.,
humahuacana Backbg. opening moderately wide, Per. fairly short, reddish
to red; Ov. with longer upeurving L.: Fr.to 10 cm
A. miqueiii(Monv.) Backbg. (2) lg., hard, long-persistent, green, proliferating; S.to
Bo. to lmh., forming colonies to 5 m br.; Seg.to 20 12 mm long.—S. Peru (at first incorrectly reported
cm lg., to 6 cm. 0 , strongly light-bluish; Tub. from Chile). (Fig. 25.)
rather narrow and long; Sp. few on cultivated There are plants with shorter and less persistent L.
plants, in habitat to c. 10, to 10 cm lg., stout, (race or variety?), others with long-persistent L. to
whitish-grey; Glo.brownish; FI.4-8 cm lg., pink to 15 cm lg. I have not been able to establish whether
± white. —Chile (Atacama, Huasco valley), the latter should be considered a variety or whether
v. jilesiiBackbg. grows to only 80 cm h„ forming it is "Opuntia ellemeetiana Miqu.” (Br. & R.:
colonies to 10 m br.; Sp. straw-coloured; FI. “with very long L.”). The original description says:
76
 A U S T R O C Y L IN D R O P U N T IA —A Y LO S T E R A

L. to more than 8 cm lg., persisting for several cultivation cylindric; St. to 2 cm 0 , on grafted
years”. plants to 40 cm lg. and thicker; L. short, projecting
In the collections of F. Rivière and J. Marnier- little from the H.; Glo.white; Sp.4-8, mostly only
Lapostolle there are living specimens of plants 4 mm lg., bristly but sharp, in part to 15 mm lg.; FI.
collected by Rauh in Peru, with 3— 4(— 6) strong or 3.5 cm lg., 3 cm 0 , violet-red; H. white, densely
.:>ng brown Sp. up to c. 10 cm lg., and the L. (at covering the St. but lax.—Bolivia.
least in the Marnier material) fairly long ; for this v. chuquisacana (Card.) Backbg. has St. with
reason Marnier held the plants to be a form or var. finer and denser H., and L. somewhat longer;
of A. subulata. Rauh gives no very specific data v. intermediaBackbg. has stouter St.,Sp.in part
regarding his discovery; his photo (Plate 3 in “Die projecting, some rather stiff; L. medium-long;
Cactaceae”, I. 1958) however, shows A. subulata, v. major(Backbg.) Backbg. has the longest L., to
:o judge from the moderately long-decurrent Tub. 3 cm lg.
md the long L. Apart from this spec., brown Sp.
¿re known only in A. exaitata. Since Rauh also A. weingartiana(Backbg.) Backbg. (3)
gives no data on FI.-colour (whether pink or brick- Bo. in colonies to 50 cm h.; St. to 5 cm 0 ,
red), the only possible conclusion is that A. somewhat zoned, dark green; Sp. to 15 or more,
i-ibulata can also have brown Sp. This, again, centrals3-5, stout, very sharp, reddish, red or pale
connects it with A. exaitata, and thus raises the brown; Glo. white at first, eventually pale yel­
c uestion whether this plant—which has never been lowish; FI. probably red; Fr. carmine, spineless,
certainly identified growing wild—is perhaps only a with red pulp; S. pear-shaped, c. 4 mm lg.—S.
rotation, form or variety of A. subulata. The Bolivia (near Tupiza), to N. Argentina (Hum-
- .ailable evidence is insufficient to clarify the ahuaca, Azul Pampa).
position.

A. tephrocactoidesRauh & Backbg. (1) Aylostera Speg. (102)

Bo. to 40 cm h., forming dense and sometimes +
iishion-like colonies; Tub.spiralled, + hexagonal, Small-spherical to + elongated plants which offset
repressions slight ; Sp.2-8, unequal, one to 3 cm lg., freely or form cushions, the slender ribs resolved
-ellowish horn-coloured ; L. c. 1 cm lg. ; FI.and Fr. into small tubercles. Flowers slender, red, in part
d at known.—S. Peru (3599 m). with a golden shimmer, orange and ± white,
appearing stem-like because the tube is united with
x.teres(Cels) Backbg. (4) the style; tube hairy and bristly. Fruits small,
Bo. forming lax clumps to 30 cm br. ; Seg. readily bristly.—Distribution: S. Bolivia to N. Argentina
retached, in nature ovoid-spherical, in cultivation [O. (R) (G).] See also under Rebutía for the
rrore elongated; L. longer; Ar. with short felt and segregation of the 2 genera.
riarse longer FI.; Sp. c. 6, 2-2.5 cm lg., thin,
--ownish; FI.2 cm 0 , flame to light carmine; Ov. A. albiareolata Ritt. (FR 761): no description
tarry, with small Sp. ; Fr. reddish.—Bolivia available.
¿round La Paz).
A. albiilora(Ritt. & Buin.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact.
x.verschaffeltii(Cels) Backbg. (4) Nov. Ill: 5. 1963 (Rebutia albiflora Ritt. & Buin.,
-iants with many St., forming low dense clumps; “Taxon” XII: 1,29. 1963).
Seg. green, spherical if in full sun in the open, Bo. ± spherical, offsetting freely, to 2.5 cm 0 ; Ri.
n cultivation mostly elongated, indistinctly tuber- resolved into distant Tub.; Ar. distant, yellowish;
: alate ; Sp. 1-3, yellowish, ± bristly, to 3 cm lg. ; St. Rsp. c. 15; Csp.c. 5, brownish at the base; Sp.to 5
in cultivation to 20 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , often mm lg., straight; FI. 2.5 cm 0 , white with a pink
Tameless; L. longer, thinner; FI. intense red.— M.-line; Tu. white-bristly; F’r.and S. smaller than
Bolivia (La Paz area), N. Argentina. in A. albipilosa.—Bolivia (NE. Tanja, Rio Pilaya
.digitalis(Web.): probably only a form (Fig. [FR 766a]). (Fig. 27.)
26);
v. hypsophila (Speg.) Backbg. : Sp. 7, brownish, A. albipilosa (Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov.
short ; not in cultivation (N. Argentina) ; Ill: 5. 1963 (Rebutia albipilosa Ritt., “Taxon”,
longispina Backbg. : St. often with a reddish XII: 1,29. 1963).
tinge, somewhat more strongly tuberculate ; Sp. Bo. hemispherical, becoming elongated, dark
3-9, to 5 cm lg., whitish to horn-coloured. green, to 5 cm 0 with few offsets; R.napiform; Ri.
divided into Tub. 2-4 mm across, in 21— 25 spiralled
A. vestita(SD.)Backbg. (4) rows; Ar. 1-2 mm br., white; Sp. hairlike, 25-35,
Bo. in nature in part + spherical, erect, in soft, white, mostly curving, 10—15 mm lg.; Csp.
77
A Y LO S T E R A

when present to 4 cm lg., tip reddish-brown; FI.to to 18, spiralled, Tub. 3mm lg.;Ar.round, 2mm 0,
4.5 cm lg., to 3 cm 0, orange to red; styleunited for with white to yellow felt, 3-4 mm apart; Rsp. c.
part of the Tu.; Ov. oblong, with white H. and Br.; 18-20, radiating, bristly, to 10 mm lg., yellowish;
Fr.to 9 mm lg., greenish-red; S. matt black, 1.2 mm Csp. 5-7,to 15mm lg., acicular, brittle, yellow with
lg.—Bolivia (Dept. Tarcia, Narvaez [FR 754]). a small brown tip; FI. 35 mm lg. and 0 ; Ov.
spherical, 4 mm 0, green with green Sc. and a few
| A. buiningiana: see Rebutia. white H. and Br.; Tu.very slender, pink with green
Sc.; Sep. rounded, violet-pink, bordered orange;
A. deminuta (Web.) Backbg. Pet.spatulate, rounded, orange; throat only 5mm
Bo. to 6 cm h. and 0, leaf-green, offsetting freely; lg., open, funnelshaped, white; style 13 mm lg.,
Tub. in 11-13 rows; Sp. to c. 10-12, white, brown- with 8 white Sti.; Fr. 4-5 mm 0, dark green with
tipped to all-brown, 6 mm lg.; FI. 3 cm lg. and light green Sc., yellowish H. and Br.
0, Ov. with white Br.-Sp.; FI.dark orange-red.— The spec, belongs within the complex of A.
N. Argentina (Trancas). fiebrigii.—Argentina (Prov. Jujuy). (Fig. 467.)

A.fiebrigii(Gtirke) Backbg. A. kupperiana(Bod.) Backbg.

Bo. spherical to ± elongated, to 6 cm 0 , glossy Bo. + spherical, to 3 cm 0 , matt dark leaf-green,
green, not offsetting freely; Tub. in 18 rows, 5 mm with few offsets; Tub. in c. 15 rows; Ar. yellowish;
h. ;Ar.white;Br.— Sp.30-40, white, mostly 1cm lg., Rsp. 13-15, to 5 mm lg., white, brown-tipped; Csp.
inner ones 2-5, to 2 cm lg., with light brown tips; FI. 1—3(—4), stouter, darker brown throughout, to over
3.5 cm lg., brilliant flame-colour; Ov. with white 1.2 cm lg.; FI. 4 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 , ± flame-colour,
Br.—Bolivia (Iscayache, 3600 m). throat pale green; Fr. green; S. dark brownish-
v. densisetaCullm. has still finer and denser Br. grey.—Bolivia (near Tarija).

A. fulvisetaRausch IAylostera mamillosa: see Rebutia mamillosa

Bo.simple to caespitose, 15 mm h., 10 mm 0 , dark I Rausch.
green; Ri. to 16, spiralled, Tub. 2-3 mm lg. and br.,
reddish or violet-brown; Ar. round to oval, 1.5 mm A. muscula (Ritt. & Thiele) Backbg.—Descr. Cact.
O, brown-felty; Rsp. 10-12, spreading; Csp. 1-3, Nov. Ill: 5. 1963 (Rebutia muscula Ritt. & Thiele,
fine-bristly, projecting, 6-10 mm lg., ochreous to “Taxon”, XII: 1,29. 1963).
reddish-brown, darker-tipped, thickened below; Bo. elongated, green, to 4 cm 0 ; Ri.resolved into
FI.c. 25 mm lg. and 0; Ov. and Tu.violet-red with distant Tub.; Ar. very distant; Sp. ± 50, thin, 2.4
darker Sc., white H. and Br.; throat, Fil.and style mm lg., straight, all similar; Tu. white-bristly; FI.
white; styleunited with the Tu.; Fr.spherical, c. 4 orange.—Bolivia (Narvaez [FR 753]).
mm 0 ; S. 1 mm lg., cap-shaped, testa black, finely
tuberculate.—Bolivia (Arce, near Padcaya at A. narvaecensisCard. 1971
2200m). Bo. spherical, 30-35 mm h., 25-35 mm 0, crown
slightly sunken; Ri.c. 18, low, tuberculate; Ar. 3-A
A. heliosaRausch mm apart, round, white-felty, projecting; Rsp. and
Bo. simple, later strongly offsetting, 20 mm h., 25 Csp. not differentiated, thin, acicular, 10-20 or
mm 0, with a taproot; Ri.to 38, spiralled, Tub. 1 more, 2.5 mm lg., spreading, whitish; FI. lateral,
mm lg.; Ar. 0.5 mm br., 1 mm lg., light brown, numerous, 40-42 mm lg., 40 mm br., light pinkish-
felty; Rsp. 24-26, 1 mm lg., appressed, directed lilac; Ov. spherical with minute Sc., white H. and
downwards, silvery-white, thickened and dark spreading Br.; Sep.light pinkish-lilac; Pet.lighter;
brown below; Csp. absent; FT. borne low on the Fil.very thin, white; An. yellow; style25 mm lg.,
Bo., 45-55 mm lg., 40 mm 0 ; Ov. olive-pink with white with light yellow Sti.—Bolivia (O’Conor,
few Sc. and white H,; Tu. pinkish-violet, white Dept. Tarija; near Narvaez at 2700 m).
above, c. 2-3 mm 0, narrow; Sep. c. 15 mm lg.,
spatulate, tapering, orange with a violet M.-stripe; A. padcayensisRausch
Pet.c. 10 mm lg., spatulate, orange, orange-yellow Named for the type-locality. Bo. simple to caes­
inside; throat and Fil.whitish, styleunited for half pitose, broadly spherical, c. 25 mm h. and to 40 mm
the FI.-length; Sti.5-8, white; Fr. spherical, 4 mm 0, fresh green to greyish-green; Ri. 14—16,
0, violet, bristly; S.spherical, rough, only 10-20 in spiralled, divided into flat Tub. 6 mm lg. and br.;
each Fr.—Bolivia (Tarija, road to Narvaez, at Ar. round to oval, 1 mm 0, with white to brown
2400-2500 m). (Fig. 466.) felt; Rsp. 12-14, 5-12 mm lg., forming a web
around the Bo., bristly, yellowish-white to tipped
A. jujuyanaRausch brown, later greying; Csp. absent; FI. 35 mm lg.
Bo. simple, spherical, to 35 mm 0 , light green; Ri. and 0 ; Ov. and Tu. yellowish-pink, with naked
78
 A Y L O S T E R A -A Z T E K IU M

green Sc., rarely with 1-2 Br.; Sep.red with a green Bo. flatter than in A. tuberosa, scarcely offsetting;
M.-stripe; Pet. spatulate, mucronate, red, throat Ar. brown; Sp. reddish, to 6 mm lg.; Rsp. 12; Csp.
■vhite; Fil.yellow, white below; styleunited for c. 4; FI. 3 cm lg.; Fil. carmine; Ov. red-bristly.—
4 mm with the Tu., white; Sti. 4, white; Fr. Bolivia (100 m above the locality of R. tuberosa
rroadly spherical, 4 mm 0 , brown with green Sc.; [FR 767]).
S. with black tuberculate testa, hilum white.—
Bolivia (W. of Padcaya, at 2400-2900 m). A. spegazziniana(Backbg.) Backbg.
Bo. soon becoming cylindric, yellowish-green to
\. pseudodeminuta(Backbg.) Backbg. darker; Tub. 3-4 mm br.; Ar. slightly felty; Rsp.
Bo. elongating to 10 cm lg., leaf-green; Ar. appressed, c. 4 mm lg., light; Csp. mostly 2, one
brownish; Rsp. over 10, 3-7 mm lg., white, hyaline; above the other, 2 mm lg., yellowish, brown-
Csp. 2-3, yellowish at first, then brown-tipped, to tipped; FI. c. 4 cm 0 , dark red.—N. Argentina
.5 cm lg.; FI. 3 cm 0 ; bud such a dark red it (Salta).
_rpears ± black; Pet.red.—N. Argentina (Salta). v. atroviridisBackbg. is more bluish or greyish-
.albisetaBackbg.: Csp. almost entirely white; green ; Csp.lighter and weaker.
grandifloraBackbg.: FI.4 cm 0 ;
schneideriana Backbg.: Csp. to 3.5 cm lg., A. spinosissima(Backbg.) Backbg.
dark-tipped; Bo. offsetting to form cushions, with dense light
schumanniana (Backbg.) Backbg.: Csp. Sp.; St. light green, to 4 cm 0 and lg.; Ar. very
golden-brown, c. 1.2 cm lg. closely spaced, whitish; Rsp. and Csp. bristly,
centrals 5-6, rather stouter, horn-coloured, brown-
\. pseudominuscula(Spec.) Speg. (T.) tipped; FI. light brick-red; Fr. very small, faintly
Bo. small, 5 cm h., 3.5 cm 0 , glossy dark green; bristly.—N. Argentina (Salta).
Tub. in 13 rows; Ar. 7-8 mm apart; Sp. 7-14,
ellowish or pinkish-brown, becoming white and A. steinmannii (Solms-Laub.) Backbg. has never
ocown-tipped, 3-5 mm lg.; Csp. 1-4, thin-acicular; been imported.The dwarf Bo.is 2 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 ;
FL 2.5 cm lg., ± purplish or dark red.—N. Sp. 8, acicular, projecting.—Bolivia.
Argentina (Salta).
A.tuberosa(Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. I ll:
K pulchellaRausch 5. 1963 (Rebutia tuberosa Ritt., “Taxon”, XII: 1,
Bo. simple, spherical, to 5 cm 0 ; Ri. to 23, 28-29. 1963).
r.ralled, Tub. 4 mm 0 ; Ar. round, 2 mm 0 , Bo. hemispherical, green, to 4 cm 0 , freely
-rite-felty; Rsp. c. 26, to 5 mm lg., spreading, offsetting; R. napiform; Ri. broken up into Tub.
--.stly, brittle, white; Csp. 4-7, to 10 mm lg., 2-4 mm h.; Ar. to 3 mm lg., to 1.5 mm br., white;
r reading to projecting, acicular, sharp, white, Rsp. 4-12; Csp. 1 or more; Sp. thin-acicular, 2-5
rped dark brown;FI.30 mm lg. and 0 ;Ov. and mm lg., brown to yellowish-brown, straight; FI.3.5
Tu. light green with light green Sc., white H. and cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , carmine; Fil.in 2 series; Ov. with
B' .Sep. whitish; Pet. rounded, serrate, brilliant white H. and Br.; Sti.6, pale green; Fr. ?—Bolivia
: range; throat, Fil.,styleand 5-7 Sti.white; style (S. Cinti, below Challamarca, 2600 m [FR 770]).
rod Tu. united for c. 15 mm; Fr. onion-shaped, 3
mm 0 ; S. of Aylostera-type.—Bolivia (N. of Aylostera vallegrandensis; see Rebutia vallegran-
Padilla, at 2200 m). Found by W. Rausch, densisCard.
irmation resembles that of A. fiebrigii.
A. zavaletae Card.: Sulcorebutiazavaletae(Card.)
v.pulvinosa(Ritt. & Buin.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Backbg. comb. nov.
N ov. Ill: 5. 1963 (Rebutia pulvinosa Ritt. & Buin.,
-Taxon”, XII: 1,29. 1963).
Bo.to 3 cm 0 ; Ri.divided into distant Tub.; Ar.to Aztekiurn Bod. (210)
5 mm long; Rsp. 15-22, to 3 mm lg.; Csp.6, stouter,
brownish; FI.1.8 cmlg.,1.5 cm 0 , orange-yellow; Broadly spherical plants with greyish-green to grey
I ll white-bristly; Fr. and S. much smaller than in bodies, offsetting fairly freely when older; grafted
\ albipilosa.—Bolivia (same locality as A. albi- plants are green and less attractive; conspicuous
pilosa [FR 766]). characters are the subsidiary ribs and the densely
folded surface of the principal ribs. The small,
A. rubiginosa (Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. white, apical flowers appear to be on a stalk. Fruits
Ill: 5. 1963 (Rebutia rubiginosa Ritt., “Taxon”, berry-like, appearing only when ripe.—
XII: 1,29. 1963). Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo Léon). [(R) (G).]
79
A Z T E K IU M -B A R T S C H E L L A

Aztekiumritteri(Bod.) Bod. (T.) Backebergia H. Bravo (166)

Bo. depressed-spherical; R. shortly napiform;
crown woolly; main Ri. 9-11, folded, with sub­ Trree-like Cerei with obliquely ascending bran­
sidiary Ri. in between, these narrower than the ches. The flowering zone is characterised by a
former; Sp.not numerous, c. 1-3, only 3-4 mm lg., unique “helmet-crest cephalium” (K.Sch.); this has
weak, contorted or bent; FI. 8 mm 0 , white; Sep. long strong wool and numerous bristles which
pink above; Fr. berry-like, pink; S. black, 0.5 mm envelop the stem-apex giving it the appearance of a
lg.—Mexico (Nuevo León). (Fig. 28.) There is a crested helmet; this cephalium can run down the
form with larger FI. having a longer “stalk’'. stem for as much as 30 cm. Flowers greenish, +
cylindric, bristly. The fruit also has an erect and
Azureocereus Ak. & Johns. (66) rather dense covering of bristles.—Distribution:
W. Mexico (Guerrero, Michoacan).
Mostly very large and tree-like Cerei, in part to 10 While both this genus and Mitrocereus Backbg.
m high; branches stiffly erect; spination mostly have the decurrent cephalium in common, the
very strong, spines in the flowering zone being more woolly covering of flower and fruit in the former is
flexible and denser. Flowers nocturnal, stout- much slighter, and the shapes of seed and ceph­
cylindric, with a somewhat oblique limb and a alium are also different. Despite discrepancies
strongly scaly tube. Fruit said to be dry when ripe. 2 between the two generic diagnoses H. Bravo and
species only identified with certainty: one with Buxbaum have sought to transfer Mitrocereus to
magnificent blue stems, the other more green. the present genus, but this is considered unaccept­
Probably the following is also referable here: able for several reasons (see also under Brachy-
Cereus (Azureocereus?) deflexispinus Rauh & cereusand Mitrocereus).
Backbg.—Distribution: Central Peruvian High­
lands (Mantaro area, Ayacucho). [(R).] B.militaris(Aud.) H. Bravo (T.)
Buxbaum, in a recently published theory, seeks to Bo. to 6 m h., moderately freely branching; Ri. at
unite this genus with Browningia from which it first 5-7, later 9-11, resolved into Tub. below the
differs in its flowers, dry fruits and uniform stem- insertion of the Ceph.; Ar. 5-10 mm apart, grey;
spination (see also under Gymnocereus). There is Rsp. 7-13, acicular, 1 cm lg., grey, black-tipped;
no compelling need for this change. Csp. 1-4, similar to the Rsp. in colour and shape;
Ceph.of projecting bristles and wool, encircling the
IAzureocereus columnaris Ritt. (FR 1294): no St.; FI. 7 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , with 2-3 Br. to 8 mm lg. in
Idescription available. the Tu.-Ar.; S. comma-shaped, + glossy black.—
Mexico (Michoacan: District of Huetamo, Rio
A. hertlingianus(Backbg.) Backbg. (T.) Balsas; Guerrero: Pico de Colima). (Fig. 30.)
Bo. to 8 m h., to 30 cm 0 ; St.brilliant blue; Ri.to
18 or more, thickened around the Ar. or (later) in Backebergia chrysomallus (Lem.) H. Bravo was
part clearly tuberculate; juveniles have a lower the name of the first combination.
spine-count, c. 4 Rsp. and 1-3 longer ones, up to 8
cm lg., all yellow with a brown tip, the upper part of
older St.with up to 30 Sp., ± equal, more flexible; Bartschella Br. & R. (231)
FI. with a + curved Tu., 5 cm 0 ; Pet. white,
spatulate; Tu. dark purplish-brown; Sc. ± ciliate, Plants small-spherical, greyish-green, without
almost black at maturity; S. glossy black.—Peru milky sap; tubercles broadly circular, + connected
(Mantaro valley). at the base; flowers large, red; fruits drying when
Plants under other names seen in the collection of ripe and splitting below.—Distribution: Mexico
Marnier proved to be A. hertlingianus: A. ayac- (Baja California). [(G).]
uchensis Johns., A. imperator Johns., A. cilii-
squamus Ritt.; the latter may perhaps be referable B.schumannii (Hildm.) Br. & R. (T.)
to A. viridis. Bo. offsetting from the base, up to 40 heads
together; individual St. to 6 cm h. and br.; Tub.
A. nobilis Akers: Azureocereus hertlingianus spiralled, terete, 4-sided at the base; Ar. circular,
(Backbg.) Backbg. white-woolly, becoming glabrous; Ax. woolly at
first; Rsp.(9-)12(-15), 6-12 mm lg., straight, white,
A.viridisRauh & Backbg. black-tipped; Csp. l-2(-4), 1-1.5 cm lg., stouter,
Bo. similar to the preceding, to 10 m h.; St.green; the lowest one hooked, white, black-tipped; FI. 4
Sp. shorter than in A. hertlingianus, (10-)±20, cm 0 , light purple; Fr. scarlet, to 2 cm lg.; S. matt
some slightly longer.—Peru (Apurimac valley). black.—Mexico (Baja California, Cape region).
(Fig. 29.) (Fig. 31.)
80
 B E R G E R O C A C T U S -B LO S S FE LD IA

Bergerocactus Br. & R, (145) B.campanifloraBackbg.

Bo. greyish-green; FI. sessile, bellshaped-
' -Bts with fairly slender stems and yellow spines, funnelform; Pet. rounded above, white.—N.
rmmg larger colonies, but remaining under 1 m Argentina. (Fig. 33, left.)
' ;r_. The relatively small yellow diurnal flowers
: ‘-.pand fully, the short tube and the ovary are set B. cyathiformis Ritt., only a name (B. campaniflora
th felt and spines. The spherical fruit is densely Backbg. ?)
r :ny.—Distribution: USA (SW. coast of Califor-
and Mexico (NW. Baja California). [(R).] B.fechseriBackbg.
Spontaneous hybrids with both Myrtillocactus and Bo. ± glossy, intense or darker green; FI. sessile;
richycereus have been reported and named Pet. very delicate, rounded above, white, trans­
■ Myrtgerocactus R. Moran and x Pachgero- lucent; Fr. + yellowish-greenish, with the side
. ;:eus R. Moran respectively. exposed to the sun ± reddened, as in other spec, of
the G.—Argentina (Catamarca).
Bergerocactusemoryi(Eng.) Br. & R. (T.)
®°- to 1(^2) m lg., 3-6 cm 0, light green, freely I B. flocculosa (FR 943): no description available.
-inching; St. to 4 cm 0; Ri. 14—20(— 25), with
- :istinct low Tub.; Ar. 7-9 mm apart; Sp. 10-50, B,liliputanaWerd. (T.)
ocular, yellow to yellowish-brown, with 1-4 Bo.greyish-green, not glossy; FI.minutely pedicel­
: Jter centrals to 3 4 cm lg.; FI. 2 cm lg. and 0 late; Pet. white, laxly spreading, acuminate.—N.
r- & R.); Fr. 3 cm lg.—USA and Mexico (Baja Argentina (Jujuy, near Tumbaya etc.). (Fig. 33,
-^.ifomia, in the NW., and on offshore islands). right.)
FlS- 32.) Lindsay reports that the FI. can be as v. caineana Card.—“Cactus” (Paris). 19-82, 53.
~ _ch as 5.5 cm lg. and 4.5cm 0 . 1964.
Bo. stouter than in the type-species, broadly
B r.ghamia sensu Backbg.: SeticereusBackbg. spherical, with a thick taproot; FI.creamy-white,
scarcely opening, with a brown M.-line outside;
: “ghamia Br. & R. non Agardh: Haageocereus Pet.narrow, tapering; Fil.yellow; Sti.cream.—
Bickbg. Bolivia (Prov. Tarata, Rio Caine, 2000 m).
The Bolivian locality is surprising. The Pet. of
the var. are narrow and pointed like those of the
type-species, while the FI. has erect Pet. as in B.
Blijssfeldia Werd. (113) campaniflora. Differences within this very small­
stemmed G. can only be limited. However close
~- smallest of the cacti, flowering at under 1 cm investigations such as those of Cardenas show
T bodies greyish-green to + glossy deep green, that some of the G. are quite clearly differen­
mostly offsetting quite freely to form clumps; tiated and they must be segregated carefully to
:~:ots (always?) emerging through the epidermis permit more precise knowledge regarding vari­
«iihout any articulation; spines or ribs are not ability.
r re-sent although the latter are in part faintly v. rubrosepala has remained just a name.
r.'Oemible at the base of the body where they are
- .::e flattened; areolar cushions small to minute, B.minima Ritt. (FR 750)
r railed. Flowers very small, perianth lax to closed, is a name without valid description, given by Ritter
•r_te. with a tiny pedicel or sessile. The finely to a small-bodied species which I also received from
: ¿pillose seeds are glossy brown and have a large, Uebelmann and which probably originated from
jht-coloured hilum.—Distribution: Argentina Fechser who made a speciality of collecting
ujuy to Catamarca), Bolivia (Cochabamba, Blossfeldias. Andreae showed this plant in Kakt. u.
. - aquisaca, Tarata), [(R) (G). O.] a. Sukk., 13: 6, 85. 1962; the flower is very lax and
spreading, with the petals tapering as in B.
B. atroviridisRitt.—“Succulenta”, 44:2, 23. 1965. liliputana. The stems are smaller than in the type-
Bo. dark green, flat above; Ar. more strongly species and the flower not so bellshaped as the
-~ken: Pet.very obtuse, apiculate; Ov. spherical, much less widely expanding bloom of Blossfeldia
r a short white pedicel; Fr. similarly; S. brown, campaniflora Backbg.
-r:n sparser FI.—Bolivia (Mizane, Prov. Mizque,
Dept. Cochabamba) (FR 748). B. pedicellataRitt.—“Succulenta”, 44: 2, 23. 1965.
■ e data are said to show characters distinguishing Bo.flattened above; Ar. to 1 mm (2 mm) apart; FI.
: :rom B. liliputana; v. intermedia Ritt. is only a 12-14 mm lg., Pet. 5-8 mm (4-5 mm) lg., 2-3 mm
name. (1-1.5 mm) br.; Ov. 3-5 mm lg., to 2.5 mm br.
81
B L O S S F E LD IA -B O R Z IC A C T U S

above, narrowing to the base; Fr. 5-8 mm (3-4 ish; Sp. 13-22, thin, unequal, 4-30 mm lg., greyish-
mm) lg., 3-i mm br., narrowing to the base, shortly whitish, yellowish or brownish; FI. 4 cm lg.,
pedicellate; S.. less hairy, lighter brown.—Bolivia strongly bent, with H. at the base; Pet.blood-red,
(Tomina, Dept. Chuquisaca) (FR 749). 15 mm lg.; Fil.dark purple; Fr.spherical, to 11 mm
The figures in brackets are reputed to show lg., 9 mm 0 , with dense white and brown wool; S.
differences between this plant and B. liliputana. minute, blackish-brown or black.—Bolivia (Santa
Cruz, near Samaipata, 1890 m). (Fig. 34.)
Acc. a photo of Cullmann, the Pet. are purple, the
Bolivicereus Card. (70) innermost ones shorter, the Sep. blood-red.
The following varieties grow to only 70 cm h.: v.
Slender, ± erect to prostrate Cerei with relatively divi-miseratus Card., with 13-18 Sp. and FI. 6 cm
short spines. The flowers, borne in profusion, have lg.; v. multiflorus Card., with 9-13 Sp. and
a slender tube and the limb is bent and oblique; tiny numerous FI.5 cm lg.
hairs are present at the base of the tube in some
species, but these are missing in one species. They B.serpens(HBK.) Backbg.
do not always constitute a valid diagnostic Bo. with very slender, ± prostrate St.; R. large,
character, as was proved by Rauh’s investigations woody; St. to 2 cm 0 ; Ri. slender, 8-11; Rsp.
into the flowers of Loxanthocereus and Haag- 10-15, very fine, short; Csp. 0-1, to 3 cm lg., light
eocereus; but they are helpful in specific de­ yellow to brown; FI.5 cm lg., flesh-pink or stronger
termination and guard against confusion, cf. red, without H. at the base.—N. Peru (Huancab-
Kimnach (C. & S. J. (USA), p. 94-95. 1960). His amba valley, near the place of the same name). (Fig.
photo of "Borzicactus serpens” closely resembles 35.)
that of B. tenuiserpens (“Die Cact.” Vol. II, Fig.
953), of which he says: “with a less well developed B.tenuiserpens(Rauh & Backbg.) Backbg.
ring of hairs, resembles the plants of Aporocactus”, Bo. + prostrate, freely branching, to 2 m lg., fresh
whereas of B. serpens he says: “flower with a ring green; St.to 1 cm 0 ; Ri.9-10, 1 mm h.; Rsp. very
of staminodial hairs”. However plants I collected thin, 2.8 mm lg., pale, pink at first, brown-tipped,
at Humboldt’s locality as well as a plant Rauh sent all Sp. projecting and spreading, the centrals
me from there resemble Aporocactus; but in mostly shorter; FI. not known (possibly floral data
Rauh’s flowering material, as I saw for myself, by other collectors: “blood-red to crimson” refer
there was a complete absence of hair-development. to this species).—N. Peru (Huancabamba valley).
Because the flowers are shorter than in Loxantho­ Johnson, who collected a species which appears
cereus, more strongly zygomorphic, and borne in very similar to the preceding, describes its flowers
profusion as in Bolivicereus, in which they have as “light scarlet” ; perhaps the flower-colour is
more hairs, extending higher up, I have referred the variable.
North Peruvian species to the above genus;
Kimnach has already drawn attention to the Bonifazia Standi. & Steyerm.: DisocactusLindl.
resemblance between the flowers. The geographical
distance is of no special significance since the Borzicactella Johns.: an undescribed name for the
Colombian species of Frailea and Wigginsia for N. Peruvian species of BolivicereusCard.
instance are even further from the main distri­
bution of the respective genera.—Distribution: N.
Peru, Bolivia. [(R).] Borzicactus Rice. (71)

B.chacoanusRitt. (FR 841) and Erect Cerei, only moderately stout or rather
B.margaritanusRitt. (FR 842) slender, at most to 1.5 m long, with the ribs
are two species recently discovered by Ritter, but rounded, in part transversely notched or +
nothing further is known of them at the moment. thickened around the areoles, the flowers obliquely
limbed, with a relatively stout tube, with a rather
1B. croceus Ritt. (FR 1471): no description avail- narrow opening. Inside the flower, as far as is
I able. known, there are staminodial hairs.* Fruit green,
* Probably the “ ring of hairs” has no special significance
1 B. ruficeps (FR 840): no description available. here, or it may not correspond to that of Acantho-
calycium. This type of hair-development is sometimes
B. samaipatanusCard. (T.) absent, as Rauh has shown in other genera. In Borzi­
Bo. erect, branching from the base, to 1.5 m h., cactus it is thus not a diagnostic character of the genus,
3.5-4 cm 0 , forming groups; Ri. 14-16, low, and other characters are more important for distinguish­
transversely furrowed; Ar. 3-4 mm apart, brown­ ing it from Seticereus.

82
 B O R Z IC A C T U S

subspherical; seeds rather small, black. The species zygomorphic; Tu. conspicuously S-shaped, red,
from Ecuador constitute a singularly unified genus, with white H.; Fil. red above, white below, in 2
both geographically and in the features of stems series, inserted on the inner wall of the Tu. below
and flowers. One American author recently at­ the base of the Pet.; An. dark wine-red; style
tempted to combine Borzicactus Rice, (a hybrid whitish; Sti. 10, greenish-yellow; Ov. small, with
genus in Br. & R.) with the various genera listed green Sc. and white H.; Fr. ?—Ecuador (in the S.,
below, as “Borzicactus sensu Kimn.”. Quite apart Giron Pasaje, 200 m). (Fig. 37.)
irom newer finds of Peruvian species of “Loxan-
ihocereus” which he included, any study of the Borzicactus samnensis Ritt.: Clistanthocereus
strongly differentiated characters of the genera he samnensis(Ritt.) Backbg.
proposes uniting makes it clear that this is a
needless reversion to outdated large genera.— B.sepium(HBK.) Br. & R.
Distribution: Central and S. Ecuador. [(R).] Bo. medium-stout, erect, or prostrate and then
curving upwards; St.to 1.5 m lg., to 4 cm 0 ; Ri.
B. aequatorialisBackbg. 8-11 or somewhat more, with V-shaped notches
Bo. slender-columnar, to 4 cm 0 ; Ri. swollen but no thickening around the Ar., rounded; Rsp.
around the Ar.; Sp. unequal, spreading in all 8-10, thin, spreading, to 10 mm lg.; Csp. scarcely
directions, ± interlacing, to c. 15, centrals not distinguishable, but 1-3 are longer, one especially
cistinct but somewhat stouter, some and especially lg., directed downwards, darker in part above, to 4
:he lower ones longer, in part recurved and cm lg.; FI. more scarlet; Fr. 2 cm 0 .—Ecuador
projecting away from the Bo.; FI.red; Fil.violet.— (near Riobamba).
Ecuador (on the equator). (Fig. 36.)
B.ventimigliaeRice. (T.)
Borzicactus calviflorus Ritt.: Clistanthocereus
calviflorus(Ritt.) Backbg.
transverse furrow replacing the V-notches, the
Borzicactus cutakii n.prov.: FI. red; Fil. violet. furrow ± flattened above and below; FI.red, limb
Found by L. Cutak in Colombia in 1960, 91 km moderately oblique, opening narrow; Pet. + laxly
::om Pasto, in the neighbourhood of Pedregal. erect; Tn.cylindric.—Ecuador (precise locality not
Fig. 38.) known).

3 rzicactus madisoniorum Hutch.: Submatucana B.websterianusBackbg.

madisoniorum(Hutch.) Backbg. Bo. erect, forming groups; St. to 10 cm 0 , light
green; Ri. 14, to 1 cm br., ± depressed around the
B.morleyanusBr. & R. Ar., later with V-furrows above them; Sp.golden-
Bo. erect or arching; St.to 6 cm 0 ; Ri. 13-16, low, yellow, c. 20 Rsp. and 4 Csp., one of the latter to 5
T. anded, with V-shaped notches; Ar. circular, cm lg., the others to 12 mm lg.; FI. carmine.—
fairly large on newer growth, crowded, light; Sp.to Ecuador (Cuenca).
Rsp. bristly, fine, centrals longer, flexible, v. rufispinusBackbg.: St.darker green, Sp.more
—aight, often directed downwards, brown, to over strongly interlacing, dark to reddish brown.—
3. o cm lg.; FI.to 6 cm lg., carmine, very woolly; Fil. Ecuador (Cuenca, 3000 m).
:: let-carmine.—Ecuador (Chanchan valley near
Huigra). Borzicactus sensu Kimm.: Kimnach united the
following under this epithet:
3 erzicactus neoroezlii Ritt.: Seticereus roezlii Plants without cephalioid development:
Hge. Jr.) Backbg. Shortly cereoid plants with ± zygomorphic FI.;
ring of wool absent; Fr. dry, opening basally, S.
^ : rzicactus piscoensis Rauh: Loxanthocereus falling out:
p-iscoensis(Rauh) Rauh & Backbg. Arequipa Br. & R.
Slender Cerei with conspicuously zygomorphic
3. pseudothelegonus (Rauh & Backbg.) Rauh & FI.; ring of wool present; Fr. a berry:
Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 5. 1963 (Cereus BolivicereusCard.
rseudothelegonus Rauh & Backbg., Die Cact IF Shrubby plants with stout, straight floral tubes,
136. 1959). limbs fairly short:
Bo. semi-prostrate, to 3 m lg.; St. to 8 cm 0 , ClistanthocereusBackbg.
: :oken up into large, ± hexagonal Tub.; Ri.c. 10; Low-growing slender Cerei with + S-shaped
vr. oblong, strongly white-felty; Rsp.to c. 10; Csp. funnelform FI. and berry-fruits:
. to 2 cm lg.; lateral Sp. somewhat shorter; all at LoxanthocereusBackbg.
- : i blackish; FI.to 8 cm lg., deep red, limb very Plants which are cactoid at first; FI. glabrous,
83
B O R Z IC A C T U S —B R A S IL IC A C T U S

zygomorphic; Fr. a dehiscent berry: (correctly: Cereus nesioticus K.Sch.). But Cereus
Matucana Br. & R. thouarsii Web. non sensu Br. & R. is the type of the
Stoutly stemmed Cerei with zygomorphic FI. Genus Jasminocereus, also in Buxbaum’s sense.
and large hollow Fr.: The latter’s procedure with Mitrocereus (see under
Oreocereus(Berg.) Rice. that genus) is shown to be inappropriate because if
Plants cactoid at first; FI. ± hairy; Fr. a it were adopted, he would have to rename Jas­
dehiscent berry: minocereus as Brachycereus, and replace Brachy­
Submatucana Backbg. cereus with a new name “Pseudobrachycereus”.
Plants with cephalioid development: His procedure is thus both illogical and un­
Low-growing Cerei with apical cephalium, necessary ; in such cases the little phrase “non sensu
zygomorphic FI. and hollow Fr.: ...” avoids any confusion.
Morawetzia Backbg.
Low-growing to prostrate Cerei with short- B.nesioticus(K.Sch.) Backbg. (T.)
limbed zygomorphic FL, with compressed Tu. Bo. slender-columnar, branching from the base,
and berry-Fr; flowering zone increasingly to 30-60 cm lg., up to 300 St. together; Ri. 13-16,
densely set with long Br.: scarcely 3 mm h., ± tuberculate; Ar. 2.5 mm 0 ;
SeticereusBackbg. Sp. over 40, to 3 cm lg., strongly bristly and rigid,
This combination, of distinctive groups of species straight; FI.7cm lg., 2.5-3cm 0 ;Ov.with yellow-
possessing considerably differing diagnostic char­ brown Sp. 5 mm lg.; Pet. narrow, white; Fr.
acters, has not gained any acceptance up till now. 2.5 cm lg., 1.3 cm br.; S. 1.2 mm lg., reddish-
brown.—Galapagos Is. (Albermarle, Narborough,
Abingdon, James and Tower). (Fig. 41.)
Brachycalycium Backbg. (117)
This genus was only very recently re-discovered. In
habitat the bodies can be to 40 cm tall, to 30 cm br.; Brasilicactus Backbg. (107)
the longitudinal furrows are very sinuate and this,
together with the depressions between the areoles, One species which is ± cylindric and two species
produces oblong to subspherical tubercles. The which remain spherical, not producing offsets, with
areoles are noticeably oblong, spineless in the relatively short but fairly stiff spines. Flowers
upper half, and in part project from a ± discernible differentiated from those of all other S. American
shallow depression. The urn-shaped flowers re­ spherical cacti by the usually very short tube which,
semble those of Gymnocalycium saglione but have like the small spherical berry-fruits, has sharp
no tube; the style is only 5 mm long.— spines. Flowers relatively small, self-fertile, in early
Distribution: N. Argentina (nearTilcara). [(R).] spring; petals slender, fairly densely arranged. It is
therefore hard to see why the species are sometimes
B.tilcarense(Backbg.) Backbg. (T.) still referred to Notocactus which has quite
Bo. as described above; Ri. spiralled; FI. white, different characters of flower and fruit. One of the
pink at the centre, c. 3 cm lg., almost 5 cm 0 , wide three species seems now to have been lost. It is
bellshaped; Pet. spatulate, ± acuminate; style 3 interesting to note that there is a form of B.
mm thick; Sti. capitately closed; Fil. very short, haselbergii with broader, zygomorphic flowers
throughout the interior of the FI.; nectary not having a longer, more slender and spiny tube. This
present.—N. Argentina (SE. of Tilcara, c. 2000 m). may be avatism, in which case it would also
(Fig. 39,40.) demonstrate that the normal flowers are the
product of a reduction-process, this, and other lines
of reduction of widely varying kinds elsewhere,
Brachycereus Br. & R. (61) providing the most reliable basis for any systematic
arrangement because they are based on obser­
Slender, erect Cerei, forming large colonies. The vation of Nature, and do not rely on hypothetical
nocturnal flowers are narrowly funnelform, close considerations.—Distribution: N. Uruguay and S.
to those of the Genus Armatocereus, as is the spiny Brazil. [(R). (G).]
fruit, which is small in the above genus; but the
stems of Brachycereus are not segmented into B.elachisanthus(Web.) Backbg.
annual growths, and the spines are relatively Bo. cylindric, to 25 cm h., 12 cm 0 ;R i. 45 or more,
flexible.—Distribution: Galapagos Is. (on bare divided throughout into Tub.; Sp. 12-15, white, to
lava). Only recently introduced to cultivation. In 12 mm lg.; FI. 1.5 cm lg., yellowish-green; Fr.
Britton & Rose the type-species was given as greenish, 5-6 mm 0 ; S. dark brown.—Uruguay
Cereus thouarsii sensu Br. & R. non Web. (NE. of Maldonado). Probably extinct.

84
 BRASILICACTUS—BROWNINGIA

B. graessneri(K.Sch.) Backbg. (T.) Brasiliopuntia (K.Sch.) Berg. (15)

Bo. spherical, to 10 cm h. and mostly rather
broader; Ri. 50-60, divided entirely into small Distinctive opuntia-like plants; tree-like, with a
Tub.: Sp. numerous, up to 60 per Ar., to 2 cm lg., continuous round trunk, the branches with thin
5-6 distinguishable as centrals, somewhat stouter leaf-like shoots. The flowers possess staminodes
Jid darker, otherwise all are yellow; FI. 1.8 cm lg., (hair-development). The fruits are yellow or red,
greenish.—S. Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), variously shaped, some spiny, others not. 4 species,
v albisetus Cullm.: Sp. fine, bristly, Rsp. light readily distinguished on the basis of shape, colour
yellowish-white, Csp.more greenish-yellow, also or spination of the fruits which contain only a few
fine white bristly H. up to 3 cm lg. woolly seeds.—Distribution: Brazil, Paraguay,
There is also a variety with pure yellow FI.: Peru, E. Bolivia, E. Argentina. [(R).]
\ .flaviflorusBackbg. n.var.
The yellow-colour is the same as in Eriocactus B.bahiensis(Br. & R.) Berg.
leninghausii. Bo.to 15 m h.; trunkto 25 cm 0 , becoming hollow;
L.small, 2-3 mm lg.; Sp.on terminal shoots, when
B.haselbergii(Hge.) Backbg. present, 1-2, thin, red at first, in large groups on the
Bo. as in the preceding; Ri.30 or more; Rsp. 20 or older trunk; FI. not known; Fr. oblong (not
more, yellowish at first, then white, to 1cm lg.; Csp. clavate), red, spineless.—Brazil (Bahia, Toca de
3—)4(—5), yellowish; FI.numerous, 1.5 cm lg.; Pet. Onca).
"¿me-coloured, or with orange margins, to
scarlet.—S. Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul). (Fig. 42.) B.brasiliensis(Willd.) Berg. (T.)
v. stellatus hort.: only a form, with somewhat Bo. to 4 m h.; trunk glabrous or spiny; Seg. very
longer yellowish Csp. thin, eventually deciduous, to 15 cm lg., 6 cm br.;
Sp. 1-2, to 1.5 cm lg.; FI. 5.5 cm lg., yellow; Fr.
Brasilicereus Backbg. (170) spherical, 2.5-4 cm 0 , yellow, shortly spined; S.
often one only, within a yellow pulp.—Central
_;rei from NE. Brazil, one species slender and Brazil to E. Peru, E. Argentina, E. Bolivia,
.-rect. sometimes taller than a man, the second one Paraguay. (Fig. 44.)
smaller. The flowers are identical: conspicuously
. _rved, with a bellshaped to funnelform perianth, B.neoargentinaBackbg.
ith more distant, coarser scales, without hairs, Bo. several meters h.; Seg.more oval, darker green
he stems are also hairless, and lack any spine- than in the other spec.; Sp. red below at first,
modification in the flowering zone. Despite the reddish-brown above, up to 30 together on the
i inferences in height and robustness, the two trunk, 1-2 on the Seg., oblique, rather lg.; FI.
oecies show identical floral characters and con­ yellow, smaller than in B. brasiliensis; Fr.red inside
f u t e a completely valid genus.—Distribution: and out, subspherical, with longer projecting Sp.—
Brazil (Bahia and Minas Geraes). [(G) (R).] Origin not known (Paraguay?).
3.markgrafiiBackbg. & Voll B. schulzii(Cast. & Lelong) Backbg.
Bo. of pencil-thickness in ungrafted plants, to 2.5 Bo. to 15 m h., with branches in whorls; Seg.thin,
~ 0 , up to 1 m h., rarely branching; grafted to 13 cm lg., 4 cm br., 2 mm thick; Sp. on Seg. to 4
Tints are longer and stouter; Ri. 8-13, flat; Ar. cm lg., subulate, dark brown, and 1-2 thinner Sp.
:-I0 mm apart, grey; Rsp. 12-18, 6-10 mm lg.; to 1.5 cm lg., those on the trunk in groups of 25-30;
Csp. 1(-4),to 4cm lg.; FI.6 cm lg., 5 cm 0 ; Tu.and FI.greenish-yellow, 4 cm 0 ; Fr.davate, red, 5 cm
Or.together 2.5 cm lg., glossy green; Pet.c. 12, 3.5 lg., to 2.75 cm 0 , spineless; S. brownish.—
an lg., light greenish.—Brazil (Minas Geraes). Argentina (galleried forests of Jujuy, Chaco
Fig. 43.) Austral and Boreal).
3.phaeacanthus(Giirke) Backbg. (T.) Brittonia Hought. ex Armstrg.: Hamatocactus
Bo-to 4 m h., mostly branching from the base; St. hamatacanthusv. davisii(Hought.) Marsh.
:: 4-5(— 9) cm 0 ; Ri.mostly 13, low, narrow; Rsp.
-12. 1-1.5 cm lg.; Csp. 1-3, to 3 cm lg.; all Sp. Brittonrosea Speg.: EchinofossulocactusLawr.
•cilowish-brown at first; FI. 6.5 cm lg., 6 cm 0 ;
r et. white, in part with a greenish tinge.—Brazil
.entral to S. Bahia). Browningia Br. & R. (64)
.ereus parvisetus O.: an insufficiently clarified Tree-like Cerei, occurring as scattered individuals;
pec. which may be referable here. the primary stem is strongly spined while the
85
BR O W N IN GI A—BU IN IN GIA

branches are completely spineless. The ribs are low stout, papillose, tightly grouped Sti.; Fr.a spherical
and the areoles large. Flowers white, nocturnal, red berry with white pulp; S. black, glossy.—Brazil
with long thin scales, the oblong fruits similarly but (NE. of Minas Geraes; on rocks, in humus-filled
with the large scales drying and persisting. Seeds depressions).
large, matt black. Remarkable for the variable Named for the Dutch collector, the late A. F. H.
form of the branches: stiffly erect, bent upwards, in Buining, who made many outstanding contri­
part curving down and then upwards, others are butions to our knowledge of the Cactaceae,
erect, some bend downwards with just the tips bent especially among the Brazilian species.
upwards. No segregation can be made on the basis
of habit.—Distribution: the higher-lying arid B. aurea(Ritt.) Buxb.
zones of S. Peru and N. Chile. (Only seedlings Described by Ritter, 1968, as Coleocephalocereus
known in cultivation; these grow well.) aureus, but then referred to the newly erected Genus
Buxbaum seeks to unite Gymnocereus and Azureo- Buiningia, on account of various conspicuous
cereus with this polymorphic genus; but this divergences.
view is based only on theory and phylogenetics, so Bo. offsetting freely from the base, becoming only
that it fails to reflect the facts of Nature, and 40 cm h., 6-7 cm 0, green; Ri. 10-16, triangular in
overlooks differential characters. section, with flanks 7-10 mm br., little tuberculate,
obtuse; Ar. in the notches, 3-5 mm 0, with white
B.candelaris(Meyen) Br. & R. (T.) felt, 2-5 mm apart; Sp. golden-yellow, glossy,
Bo.to 5 m h., trunkto 50 cm 0; Ri.to over 30, only flexible, straight or little curving, those of young
5 mm h.; Sp.only on the trunk, to c. 20, sometimes seedlings brown at first and in part hooked; Rsp.
to 50,10-15 cm lg„ brown at first, becoming grey or 10-15, 5-15 mm lg.; Csp. 1-4, lowest one 2-5 cm
black, the Ar. of the flowering zone sometimes with lg., projecting, stoutly acicular, others shorter;
small Br.; FI. unscented, 8-12 cm lg., somewhat Ceph.lateral, present on plants 15 cm h. and more,
curving; Tu.4 cm lg.; Sc.fleshy at first; Pet.c. 2 cm broad, extending over a larger number of Ri., of
lg., outer ones brownish to pink, innermost ones dense skeins of white wool 1-2 cm lg., overtopped
white; Fr. edible, to 7 cm lg., scented; S. 2 mm by acicular, slender, bent, golden-yellow Br.; FI.
thick.—S. Peru (near Arequipa) to N. Chile (about nocturnal, 30-37 mm lg., greenish-yellow, with
2000 m). (Fig. 45.) pale green Sc. 2-3 mm lg.; Fil.white; stylewhite,
Ritter’s v. chilensis, “with upcurving branches”, with 5-7 connivent whitish Sti. 2 mm lg.; Fr.blood-
cannot be justified. red, resembling the Fr. of Melocactus, smooth,
It is remarkable that fallen shoots never root, i.e. glossy, 16-22 mmlg.;S. black, glossy, 1.5mmlg.—
the secondary shoots have obviously lost the Brazil (NE. of Minas Geraes, near Agua Ver-
ability to root. melha). First discovered by Ritter in 1965. (Fig.
468.)
B.pileifera(Ritt.) Hutchis. (Gymnanthocereus?)
Bo. 3-4 m h., freely branching; Ri. 7-9, acute or B.brevicylindricaBuin. 1971
rounded; Ar. to 1 cm apart, later often confluent, Bo. spherical at first, later shortly cylindric, to 30
woolly; Rsp. 0-3, 1-5 mm lg., soon greying; Csp. cm h. and 17 cm 0 , fresh green, offsetting from the
0-3, to 5 cm lg.; FI. small, covered with dry brown base, conical at the apex; Ri.to 18, vertical, with a
and white Sc., reminiscent of Escontria.—Peru protuberance over the Ar.; Ar.rather oblong, those
(Balsas). in the crown to 6 mm br. and 8 mm lg., with short
whitish to ± yellowish wool, soon becoming
glabrous; Rsp. c. 7, the lowest one directed
Buiningia Buxb. 1971 (Synonym: downwards, to 2 cm lg., 2 laterals to 3 cm lg., upper
Coleocephalocereus Backbg. pro parte) ones to 1.5 cm lg., with 3-4 smaller Ssp.; Csp.
mostly cruciform, bottom one to 6 cm lg., laterals
Slender Cerei to only c. 75 cm h., in part prostrate, to 3 cm, upper one to 2.5 cm lg., all Sp. noticeably
offsetting from the base, forming groups; juveniles shorter once the Ceph. has developed; lateral Ceph.
remain hemispherical to spherical for years (to 17 developing on plants while still spherical and 8 cm
cm 0 ) , but eventually become shortly columnar, h., of white wool interspersed with golden-yellow,
tapering and conical above; Ri. 10 18, straight, + mostly straight, bristly Sp., Ceph. eventually to 7
notched at the Ar. ; sP. dense, long; Rsp. to 7-15; cm br. and c. 20 cm lg.; FI.tubular, 15 mm 0, to 32
Csp.1-4, thin-acicular, flexible; FI. arising from a mm lg., glabrous, light yellowish-green; Sep.
unilateral Ceph. of dense wool and thin long Br.- curving strongly outwards; Pet. scarcely opening;
Sp. extending over several flattened Ri., 2.5-3.5 cm style whitish, with 4-5 Sti. c. 1 mm lg.; Fr.
lg., small, narrowly tubular, only the tips of the spherical, glossy, red, glabrous, 17 mm 0 ; S.
Sep. curving somewhat outwards; style with 5 ovate, with a glossy black testa.—Brazil (Minas
86
 BUININGIA—CARNEGIEA

oeraes, N. of the Rio Jequitinhonha among appears to be made up of greatly elongated and
bromeliads and terrestrial orchids). (Fig. 469.) united scales; Ritter terms this the “protective
v. elongata Buin.: Bo. more columnar, to 62 cm cap”, but this is only for explanatory purposes. The
lg.; Ceph. developing only later. Locality c. 100 flower is of great interest to the morphologist. If a
km further westwards; flower is regarded as a modified short-lived shoot,
v. longispinaBuin.: Rsp. to 7 cm lg., lowest Csp. then the somewhat angular first stage clearly has
to 13 cm lg. Forming large groups. Locality 30 the character of a shoot which is retained in the
km further S. slender fruit; from this “short shoot” there then
appears the true perianth, ± tubular in shape, with
B.purpurea Buin. & Bred. 1973 the inner perianth segments rather longer united.
iBo. shortly to oblong-columnar, offsetting from Ritter refers to this upper section of the flower as
the base, to 87 cm lg., to 10 cm 0 , green to dark the “tube”, but a longitudinal section reveals that
green; lateral Ceph. to 50 cm lg., with grey wool half of the lower section should also be included in
merspersed with yellow, reddish or grey Br.; Ar. + the term, since the elongated nectary is situated
round, 7 mm lg., 6 mm 0 , with grey felt, 7 mm within it. There is thus a kind of two-stage
apart; Ri. 13, to 23 mm br. and to 15 mm h.; Sp. development of the true flower.—Distribution: N.
reddish-brown, red or yellowish-brown above at Peru (Jaen, lower Huancabamba gorge). [(R).]
orst, later greying, sometimes tipped reddish, often
r curving; Rsp. c. 12, radiating, 12-25 mm lg.; C. fertileRitt. (1966)
Csp. c. 4, one directed obliquely downwards, c. 70 Distinguished from C. substerile as follows: Ri.
mm lg., others directed laterally and upwards, 3-5, 2-3 cm h.; Ar. brownish-red; Sp. yellowish,
? —35 mm lg.; FI. tubular, 30 mm lg., to 12 mm br., often absent; FI.8 cm lg., with a + trumpet-shaped
ourplish-red, glabrous; Tu. cylindric, with small Cor. c. 2 cm lg., whitish-pink; An. golden-yellow;
Sc. 1-2 mm lg., these passing over above into the stylepale yellow, reddish above, with mid-yellow
?et.: Sep. spatulate, to 13 mm lg., to 3 mm br., Sti.; Pet.20 mm lg., dark carmine; Fr.7-11 cm lg.,
violet-carmine, curving strongly outwards; Pet.to spineless, pulp hard; S. small, 2 mm lg.—Peru (E.
' mm lg., to 2.5 mm br., reversed spatulate, erect, of Balsas).
"arrowly enclosing the uppermost Fil., purplish-
red: primary Fil. 10-13 mm lg., white, distinctly C. substerile Ritt. (Kakt. u. a. sukk. Pflz. 13: 2,
eparated, secondary ones to 5 mm lg., still shorter 24-28. 1962). (T.)
above, white; An. yellow; stylewhite below, pink Bo.treelike, with a dense shrubby crown, to 8 m h.;
-bove, with 4-5 white Sti.; Fr.spherical, 17 mm 0 , brancheslight green, to over 1 m lg., 4-8 cm 0 ; Ri.
giossy, red; S. cap-shaped, testa glossy, black.— 3-4, to 4 cm h.; Ar.white, fairly plump on the upper
3razil (NE. of Minas Geraes; on the Rio Jequintin- shoots; Rsp. 3-8, to 1 cm lg., projecting radially;
3: nha, in eroded mineral-rich soil at 350-400 m, on Csp. to 6, 1-5 cm lg.; Sp. whitish; FI. nocturnal,
bare ground or together with bromeliads. First 9.5-11 cm lg., 3-5 cm 0 when expanded; Ov. to 3
discovered by Horst in 1971). (Fig. 470.) cm lg., 17 mm br., with small Sp. to spineless; Tu.to
2.5 cm lg. above the elongated nectary, white; Pet.
Cactus L.: MelocaetusLk. & O. (Linnaeus’s name, to 2.5 cm lg., inner ones white to reddish-brown,
»hich was briefly introduced by Br. and R., is still outer ones reddish-brown with a green margin; Fil.
•:metimes used in the USA, but it has now been white; stylered, to 8 cm lg.; Sti.whitish; Fr. light
rejected.) green, 4-5-angled, to 15 cm lg„ 6 cm thick, ±
glabrous to completely so, sometimes with minute
Sp.; S. 2.5 mm lg., greyish-black, matt.—N. Peru
Calymmanthium Ritt. (60) (see above). (Fig. 46, 47.)
L treelike or shrubby plant, densely branching,
with only 3-4 ribs; the flowers are unique and the Carnegiea Br. & R. (154)
i agular, slender-clavate fruits, up to 15 cm long,
_re sometimes minutely spiny. The flower-bud has Gigantic tree-like columnar cacti with relatively
1wo stages: at first it is clavate and appears normal, few, very erect branches; the primary stem does not
ith its felt-cushions and tiny spines. As it increases branch below a certain height and its lower portion
length and the tip opens, the true perianth thus constitutes a trunk; until the branching stage
emerges from it at the level of the constriction is reached, the plants are solitary columns like
ibove the nectary, and then opens normally, with Browningia. The flowers are borne in clusters at the
re filaments inserted throughout the entire inner shoot-tips, opening slowly at night and remaining
all. In longitudinal section and at the height of the open the next day; they have only sparse white felt,
. restriction surmounting the ovary, the first stage the fruit similarly; the latter sometimes bears 1-3
87
CARNEGIEA-CEPHALOCLEISTOCACTUS

with true cephalia but also species having only tufts

short acicular spines. A bizarre fasciation is fairly
commonly seen.—Distribution: USA (Arizona, of hair or bristle; this was in itself misleading since
SE. California), Mexico (Sonora). [(R).] in some species even these “false” cephalia might
be absent. At that time our present knowledge of
C. gigantea(Eng.) Br. & R. (T.) the different kinds of tuft-development and floral
Bo. to more than 12 m h., to 30-65 cm 0; Ri. structure was not available. If the type-species is
12-24, obtuse; Ar. 2-2.5 cm apart, brown; Rsp. not to be an irrelevance, the species of any one
radiating, c. 12 and more, 1-2 cm lg.; Csp. 3-6, genus must resemble the type in their diagnostic
stouter, to 7 cm lg.; Sp. in the flowering zone characters; but this cannot be said of the other
shorter and finer; FI.c. 12cm lg. and 0;Tu. green; species earlier placed in the collective genus and
Sc. distant; Ov. oblong; Pet. spreading, obtuse, sometimes still retained there. Consequently only
white; Fr.6-9 cm lg., red inside and out when fully one species now remains; the other species must be
ripe, dehiscent.—USA towards the W. end of the S. put into more appropriate genera; Austrocephalo-
border), Mexico (Sonora, near the frontier). (Fig. cereus, Backebergia, Coleocephalocereus, Espos-
48, 49.) toa, Haseltonia, Micranthocereus, Mitrocereus,
Neodawsonia, Pilosocereus.—Distribution:
Mexico (Hidalgo). [(R). O.; tolerates small
Castellanosia Card. (173) amounts of lime.]

Large shrubs, in part also inclined, with relatively Cephalocereus hoppenstedtii (Web.) K. Sch.:
few ribs. The normal rigid spines are modified in Haseltoniacolumna-trajani(Karw.) Backbg.
the flowering region into clusters of bristly spines.
The flowers are borne towards the apex, nocturnal C.senilis(Haw.) Pfeiff. (T.)
but remaining open the next day, + bellshaped to Bo.to 15 m h., normally branching only rarely; Ri.
funnelform, with the limb projecting. The scales are 20-30, low, light green, becoming grey; Ar.
arranged almost imbricately, with white felt, the proximate; Sp. 3-5, yellowish or grey, to 4 cm lg.,
ovary and the fruit similarly. The latter, very much also 20-30 white or rather greyish, long and tangled
an exceptional case, is said to be poisonous. The H., mostly directed downwards; Ceph. from c. 6 m
seeds are only 1 mm long and reddish-brown. Only h., with whitish wool, at first on one side only, then
one species certainly identified; a similar but wider to encircling the entire St.; FI. to 9.5 cm lg.,
undescribed plant from Peru may possibly be pale yellowish-white, 7.5 cm 0 ; Tu. 5 cm lg., ±
referable here.—Distribution: Bolivia (Dept. pink, it and the Ov. hairy; Sti.cream; Fr.red, with
Santa Cruz, Cochabamba) and S. Peru? (Rare in sparse yellowish H., pulp red.—Mexico (Hidalgo;
cultivation.) Guanajuato [?]). (Fig. 51.)

C. caineanaCard. (T.)
Bo. erect, to 6 m h.; branches greyish-green, ± Cephalocleistocactus Ritt. (76)
flexible, long; Ri. 9, rounded, to 3.5 cm br.; Rsp.
15-16, 0.8-4 cm lg.; Csp. 3-4, 4-7 cm lg., brown to Slender, mostly erect Cerei, quite similar to
greyish-black; flowering Ar. with c. 25 Br. 1-4 cm Cleistocactus in growth-form, floral structure and
lg., white, grey or dark brown, in stiff clusters; FI. spination. It is differentiated from the latter by the
3-5 cm lg.; Pet. purple; Sti. pinkish-white; Fr. development in the flowering zone of flexible to
yellowish-green, 3 cm lg., with dark yellow pulp.— bristly or even fine hair-like spines—at first on one
E. Bolivia (700-1600 m). (Fig. 50.) side only and later tending to encircle the stem—
which are appreciably longer than the others and
thus produce a conspicuous bristly tuft which is
Cephalocereus Pfeiff. (165) similar to that in the flowering zone of Seticereus. 4
species identified, but there are probably others.—
The name was erected by Pfeiffer for a genus whose Distribution: E. Bolivia. [(R).]
type-species had white hairs and a broad ceph-
alium, at first on one side only of the stem, but later C. chrysocephalusRitt. (T.)
sometimes enveloping the entire apex. The flowers Bo. to 5 m h., offsetting from the base; St. 3-5 cm
and fruit were hairy; the latter (becoming glabrous 0, later sometimes bending over; Ri.Tl-14, 4-5
finally ?) had a lid, and the fairly large seeds were mm h., with V-shaped furrows; Ar. 2-3 mm br.,
black and glossy. Later this became a compre­ larger in the flowering zone, Sp.there increasing to
hensive genus to which plants with different c. 30, 3-4 cm lg., golden-yellow to yellowish-
characters of flower and cephalioid development brown; Ceph. to 1 m lg.; FI.c. 5 cm lg., expanding
were referred, so that it covered not only plants only slightly, red; Sti.green; Fr.2 cm lg., reddish;

88
 CEPHALOCLEISTOCACTUS—CEREUS

S. small, glossy black.—Bolivia (near Inquisivi). petals are mostly white, but sometimes more
conspicuously reddish. All species have the follow­
C.pallidusBackbg. n.sp. ing diagnostic character in common (which sep­
Bo.with St. to c. 3.5 cm thick; Ri.c. 16; Ar.dark at arates them, for instance, from Monvillea); after
first; Sp. + equal, radials and centrals not the flower has faded or the perianth dropped, the
distinguishable, c. 25 in all, to c. 5(-6) mm lg., style persists for a time, even for a time on the fruit.
greyish-white, at first also very pale yellowish; The latter is mostly oblong, yellow to red but
Ceph. of yellowish Br. to 3 cm lg.; FI. cylindric, sometimes greenish. The seeds are quite large and
ellow.—Bolivia (Consata basin, Palhuaya gorge, usually dull black, more rarely glossy. Some species
i.:. Ritter). (FR 324). (Fig. 52.) Somewhat of Cereus make good grafting stocks. They are
isembles Cephalocleistocactus ritteri Backbg. but divided into the two subgenera below:
*e new Sp. in the apex are pale yellowish, while the SG .l: Cereus: Fruits dehiscent.
B- of the flowering zone are later yellowish, more SG.2: Neocereus Backbg.: Fruits indehiscent
axlyarranged and stiffen (only 1 spec.: C. huntingtonianus Wgt.).
Distribution: W. Indies through northern S.
C. ritteri Backbg. America to E. Argentina and Fernando de
Bo.slender, erect, to more than 1 m lg., c. 3 cm 0 , Noronha Is. (Brazil). [(R).]
- ranching from the base; Ri.to 12-14 or more; Ar.
:ark brown, becoming whitish; Rsp. to 30, fine, C. aethiopsHaw.
rrrt and white; Csp. 5, yellowish, to 1 cm lg.; Bo. to 2 m h., ± bluish, erect, later branching; St.
reph. of + hairlike, fine, projecting, white Br. to 3 3-4 cm 0 ; Ri.8, tuberculate; Rsp. 9-12, 5-12 mm
-—lg.; FI. lemon-yellow, c. 4 cm lg., thin-cylindric, lg., black, white below; Csp. (2-)4, over 2 cm lg.,
:ghtly bent; Sti. green.—Bolivia (Yungas). (Fig. stouter; FI. 16-20 cm lg., bluish-green or bluish-
S3 purple outside; Pet. white to + pink; Fr. to 8 cm
lg., brownish.—Argentina (Mendoza to Rio
C. schattatianus Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill • Negro).
5.1963. v. landbeckii(Phil.) Backbg. has white Rsp. In v.
Bo. erect, or prostrate and then curving upwards, melanacanthus(K.Sch.) Backbg. the St.are often
?rming denser colonies; St.to over 60 cm lg., to c. reddish, with the Csp. much longer, directed
cm 0 ; Ri. c. 16-17, low, narrow, slightly obliquely upwards and glossy black.
-bercuiate; Sp.to over 30, short, pale yellowish to
r whitish, centrals indistinct, some rather longer, C. alacriportanusPfeiff.
: 1.3 cm lg., porrect; Ceph. at first on one side Bo. to 2 m (?) h., new growth bluish-green but not
”... widening, of golden-brown Br. of increasing pruinose; Ri. mostly (4—)5; Sp. 6-9, light yellow
—gth, to 3 cm lg.; FI. c. 4 cm lg., tubular, scarcely with a red base, or reddish-brownish, to 2.5 cm lg.
caning; Tu. red; Sep. and Pet. pale yellowish and more; FI.to 22 cm lg.; Sep. reddish; Pet.very
- :: ve, tipped with a greenish-yellowish zone; Fr. ? pale yellowish-pink, bluntly tapering,
r : llination with the pollen of Cleistocactus has denticulate.—S. Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay.
-: t hitherto succeeded!)—Bolivia. (Fig. 54.)
C. argentinensisBr. & R.
Bo.to 12 m h., with a trunk; branchesnumerous, to
C ereu s M ill. (1 7 2 ) 15 cm 0 , mid-green; Ri.4-5, thin, to 5 cm h.; Rsp.
5-8, 3-5 cm lg., brownish; Csp. 1-2, to 10 cm lg.;
his genus includes the earliest known columnar FI. 17-22 cm lg.; Sep. green; Pet. white. -
cacti. Some of these are great trees, in part with very Argentina (Chaco).
_rge crowns and stout trunks, sometimes they are
-:: so large.; some species are only shrubby and C. azureusParm.
_ : re slender, while others are only low-growing Bo.to 3 m h.; St.erect, to c. 4 cm 0 , blue-pruinose;
i-~d freely branching shrubs. In most species the Ri.6-7, somewhat sinuate; Ar.with brown felt and
~rs are quite large, set well apart and therefore grey wool; Rsp. 8, white; Csp. 1-3, dark brown to
-r.-tively few in number (often only 4); other black, stouter.—Brazil.
cedes have less prominent ribs while in C. There appear to be varieties of this, or possibly
osularis they are especially low and close together further similar species:
c, ”eason of the small diameter of the shoots; this K. Schumann described the spec, as “fresh green,
redes, with its numerous longer spines, bears little somewhat blue, eventually dark green; Sp. 10-18,
'¿•semblance to others of the genus. The flowers to 9 mm lg., Csp. 2-4; Sp. all black; FI. 20-30 cm
save longer tubes; the scales are rather distant; the lg.; Pet. white with a green dorsal M.-line,
. els are glabrous, also on the ovary and fruit. The spatulate”.—S. Brazil. This must be another and

89
CEREUS

hitherto undescribed spec., in view of the discrep­ yellow Fr. Rare, unnamed.—Origin: as the above
ancies by comparison with the above data taken spec.
from the original description, although this latter
contains nothing regarding the flower or its length. C. childsiiBlanc
Spegazzini, under the same name, described a plant Bo. erect, bushy; branches to 15 cm 0 ; Ri. 4-5,
“up to 1.5 m h., in part curving over, remaining compressed, obtuse; Ar.5 cm apart; Sp.6-7, 6 mm
blue even in age, but not initially pruinose; Ri. 5; to 1.5 cm lg.; Csp. 1, 7 mm lg.; all at first light
Ar. at first with pink felt; Sp. brown at first, then brown, becoming blackish-brown;FI.to 24 cm 0
reddish-brown, eventually grey, typically 6; Rsp. 5, (?), deep pink, with a sickly-sweet scent.—Brazil
to 2 cm lg.; Csp. 1, to 5 cm lg.; FI. 10 cm lg.; Sep. (Colonia Roman). One of the few spec, with pink
olive; Pet.white, finely ciliate; Fr. ellipsoid, 4.5 cm FI. and every effort should be made to re-collect
lg., pink to purplish-pink, ± pruinose.—N. and distribute it.
Argentina (between Rio Bermejo and Rio Pil-
comayo).” This, likewise, cannot be the plant of the C. cochabambensisCard.
original description, and must therefore remain Bo. tree-like, 3-4 m h.; Ar. 4-5 mm 0 , 1-2.2 cm
nameless. apart, felt whitish-brown at first, becoming black­
ish; Rsp. 3-4, spreading, 5-25 mm lg., sharp, thin,
C.brauniiCard. later subulate; FI.2-4 on one Ri., nocturnal, 11-12
Bo.to 3 m h., green; Ri.4-5, ± swollen around the cm lg., funnelform, curving into an S-shape; Ov. 3
Ar., to 6 cm h.; Sp. 5-6, whitish, with a brownish cm lg., dark green; Tu. 6 cm lg., dark green with a
tip, to 4 cm lg.; FI.28 cm lg., white.—Bolivia (Prov. few light green Sc.; Sep.light green; Pet.spatulate,
Ballivian, near Reyes, 280 m). Probably not in white, pink-tipped; style 5 cm lg., white to light
cultivation. greenish, with 14 light yellow Sti.; Fr. 3-5 cm lg.,
orange-yellow, splitting at maturity, pulp dark
C. caesiusSD. ex Pfeiff. magenta, sweet.—Bolivia (El Cercado, Cocha­
Bo. branching, but not forming a trunk, robust; bamba, Caico, 2560 m). This spec, resembles C.
branches 12-16 cm 0 ; Ri. 5-6, tall, winged, hankeanus but the latter grows at only 500 m in the
pruinose, sometimes sinuate, slightly notched; Ar. Argentinian Chaco, and shows divergences of Sp.
4-6 cm apart; Rsp. 7 or more; Csp.4-7, stouter, ± and FI.
light to dark brown; Sp. much more numerous on v. longicarpa Card.: differs in some of its
old growth, sometimes to 10 cm lg. New growth is dimensions; Fr. ellipsoid, 8-10 cm lg.—Bolivia
conspicuously bluish, the bloom gradually disap­ (near Alba Rancho at 2565 m).
pearing from the green shoots.—Brazil (?).
C. comarapanus Card.
C. chacoanus Vpl.: obviously is not referable here Bo. to 4 m h., with a trunk 1.5 m h.; shootsbluish-
because the more freely scaly, not very broad- green, with constrictions 20-80 cm apart; Ri. 6,
limbed FI. correspond more closely to those of high; Sp. 3-4 from the lower part of the Ar.,
Monvillea campinensis. Both these plants are acicular, directed downwards, 5-20 mm lg.; FI. 13
insufficiently clarified. The above spec, forms Bo. cm lg.; Tu.4 cm lg.; Pet.spatulate, white ; Fr.9 cm
up to 4m h., with a trunk 6 cm 0 ; Sp. 9-10, lg., dark bluish-purple.—Bolivia (Vallegrande,
subulate, grey; Csp. 1, 6 cm lg., stouter than the near Comarapa). Probably not in cultivation.
others; FI.15 cm lg., pink outside, white inside; Tu.
with more distant Sc.; Ov. with c. 25 Sc.; Fr. C. crassisepalusBuin. & Bred.
subspherical, 3 cm lg.; S.small, black.— Paraguay Bo. tree-like, branching, to 2 m h., dark green,
(Gran Chaco). with segmented branches; c. 6 cm 0 Ri. 4—5(—6),
obtuse, thickened around the Ar.; Ar. + round,
C. chalybaeusO. 8-12 mm 0 , with dense reddish-brown wool and
Bo.to 3 m h., ± erect, little branching; shootsto 10 bristly H., later greying and then becoming
cm 0 , ± bluish-pruinose, also reddish; Ri. 6, glabrous; Sp. spreading in all directions, glossy
narrow, high, weakly notched; Rsp. at first c. 7, reddish-brown when new, becoming grey, with
also several longer Csp., all eventually more black tips, to 2.5 cm lg.; Csp. 1-2, upwardly
numerous, black; FI.c. 20 cm lg.; Tu. purple; Sep. directed, to 3 cm lg.; FI.7.5 cm lg., white, greenish-
pink; Pet. white; Fr. yellow, spherical.—N. violet outside; style with 6 long Sti., each with a
Argentina (near Cordoba, formerly also to Santa distinct dorsal stripe; Fr. pear-shaped, chrome-
Fe and Buenos Aires, but probably now lost from green with a violet sheen, pulp white; S. cap­
those areas). Br. & R. describe under the above shaped, ochre-coloured, testa matt black.—Brazil
name a similar plant with dark brown Sp. and (Minas Geraes, near Diamantina, 500-1000 m).
90
 CEREUS

C. dayamii Speg. rather light green or bluish, suberect; Ri. 4

Bo. to 25 m h., with a trunk; shootspale green; Ri. (eventually to 6-7), thin, to 5 cm h.; Ar. small; Sp.
5-6, 3 cm h.; Sp. missing or few, 4-12 mm lg., at first missing or small, then up to 8-10, short, to 6
brown, yellowish at the base; FI. to 25 cm lg., cm lg., all brown at first; FL to 25 cm lg., white; Fr.
•vhite; Fr. red, 6-8 cm lg., pulp white(!).— ± obliquely ovoid, 6-13 cm lg., light red, ±
Argentina (Chaco, Colonia Resistencia). pruinose, pulp white to soft pink.—Surinam to N.
Venezuela, and Tobago.
C.fernambucensis Lem.: more usually given as C.
pernambucensisLem. (description under the latter). C. hildmannianusK. Sch.
Bo. tree-like, to 5 m h. (and more ?), often freely
C. forbesiiO. branching; branches finally to 15 cm 0 , blue-
Bo. to 7 m h.; shootslight bluish-green, to 12 cm 0 , pruinose at first, eventually greyish-green; Ri. 6,
becoming greyish-green; Ri.4-7, becoming flatter; thin, to 6 cm h., crenate, with furrowed flanks; Ar.
kr. with short white felt; Rsp.5, to 2 cm lg., stoutly brownish; Sp. missing or only 1, but Sp. longer on
5-bulate, thickened at the base, light horn-coloured older growth; FI. over 20 cm lg., white; Sti. 12,
th a brown base, or black; Csp.'l, stouter, to 4.5 spreading; Fr. ?.—Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).
cm lg., darker; FI.25 cm lg., white; Fr.plum-sized,
■::h red pulp(!).^Argentina (Catamarca, Tucu- C. horridusO. & Dietr.
man, Jujuy, Cordoba). Bo. tree-like, trunk up to 30 cm 0 ; branches
suberect, not pruinose, green; Ri. 6 at first,
C. glaucusSD. eventually 7-9, with decurrent depressions; Rsp.
Bo.to 6 m h. or more, trunk40 cm 0 ; shootsat first mostly 5; Csp. mostly 3, the lowest one dark
■ -. 8 cm 0 , then 18-30 cm 0 , dull bluish-green to brown, upper ones yellowish, dark-tipped, old
brilliant light blue at first, then greener; Ri.7(6-8), growth with up to 20 centrals, 10 cm lg., yellowish;
>-10 cm h.; Ar.light grey; Sp.at first 5-15, to 2 cm FI.c. 21 cm lg.; Pet. white, with a hairlike tip; Fr.
g centralsto 3 cm lg., Sp.eventually to 20; FI.28 spherical to ovoid, brilliant carmine to crimson,
-~ lg.; Sep.light green; Pet. pure white; Fr. 11 cm pulp white.—Origin unknown.
i slightly glossy, dark carmine.—Origin not v. alatosquamatus Werd.: Bo. lower-growing;
down. branches curving more downwards, more prui­
nose ; with cordate Sc. on the Tu.and at the point
grandicostatusWerd. of transition to the Sep.; Fr. with deep longitu­
Bo.to 3.5 m h., at first azure-blue, eventually more dinal furrows.—Origin?
eilowish-green; Ri.5-6, to 9 cm h.; Sp. 13-19, pale
7-lowish to brownish; Rsp. 7-9, to 1 cm lg.; Csp. C. huilunchuCard.
- -cm lg.;FI.to 26 cm lg., white; Fr.unknown.— Bo. tree-like, to 4 m h., trunk 80 cm lg.; branches
"gin unknown. Rare in cultivation. greyish-green, 6-7 cm 0 ; Ri.5, to 3 cm h.; Ar.ash-
grey; Sp.4-6, grey, to 3 cm lg., centrals not clearly
kankeanusWeb. differentiated; FI. 13 cm lg.; Sep. dark green; Pet.
Bo. — tree-like, erect; Ri. 4—5, acute, with lines white; Fr. cylindric(!), to 7 cm lg., red, pulp
1 ng the flanks, 3 cm h., notched; Ar.brown, with white.—Bolivia (Ayopaya, near Bajios de Yagani).
r^rse felt; Rsp.(3— )4, subulate, stout, 8-12 mmlg.
- ~~ber-coloured to brown; Csp. 1, porrect, straight, C. huntingtonianus Wgt. (SG. Neocereus Backbg.
- mm lg., horn-coloured; FI.to 12 cm lg., white, because of the fruits which, in this one species, are
"letimes pink-tipped; Fr. cylindric, greenish- indehiscent.)
- ow with red pulp (Cardenas).—E. Bolivia. Bo. to 3 m h., 4 m br., bushy, branching from the
base; branches at first bluish-grey and 10 cm 0 ,
hertrichianusWerd. becoming greyish-green, to 25 cm 0 , constricted at
S-o. more broadly shrubby; branches at first intervals of c. 16 cm; Ri.(6-)7(-8), 3 cm h., slightly
greyish-blue, ± pruinose; Ri.5-6, to 2 cm h.; Rsp. notched; Rsp. 1-4, 3-15 mm lg., grey and black,
x ' and Csp. 1, all straw-coloured at first, eventually 3-4, to 15 mm lg.; Csp.0-1, 4-10 cm lg.,
■ ;:oming brownish, to over 3 cm lg.; FL. to 11 cm spotted yellowish or reddish-brown; Fl. 18 cm lg.,
? scented, white; Fr. only 3 cm lg., + spherical, pink, bordered white; Fr. 7 cm lg., 4.5 cm 0 , red
:: Jen-yellow, eventually more reddish, with white inside and out, the skin becoming leathery, not
Origin not known. Probably rare in culti- splitting.—Origin unknown.
»¿non.
C. insularisHemsl.
C hexagonus(L.) Mill. (T.) Bo. bushy, low, densely branching; branches to
Bo. tree-like, fairly freely branching; branches only 3 cm 0 ; Ri.to 8; Sp.c. 15, unequal, acicular,
91
CEREUS

centrals scarcely distinguishable, all Sp. yellowish; C. obtusus Haw.: An insufficiently known spec,
FI. 12.5 cm lg., yellowish-white; Fr. oblong.— from E. Brazil; erect or inclined, dark green, with
Fernando do Noronha. Rare in cultivation (Fig. 3-5 Ri.,yellowish Sp.,4-7 radials, 1central, to 5 cm
55.) lg.; FI.large, white.

C.jamacaruDC. non SD. C. pachyrhizus K. Sch.: probably not in culti­

Bo. tree-like, trunk to 35 cm 0 and more; crown vation; it grows to 3 m h. and has tuberously
very large; branches light sap-green, mostly not swollen R.; branchesto 10 cm 0, yellowish-green;
pruinose; Ri. 7-8, later to 10, at first 3.5 cm h., Ri.6; Sp.(10— )13, one of them to 3 cm lg.; FI.?; Fr.
eventually higher; Ar. yellowish to brownish; Sp. ellipsoid, 5 cm lg.—Paraguay (Cerro Noaga).
often 15-20 at first, 7-9 of these Rsp., the others
centrals, all yellowish to brownish at first, even­ C. parvifiorus K. Sch.: Cleistocactusparviflorus(K.
tually to 10 cm lg., much stouter; FI.25 cm lg.; Sep. Sch. ) Goss.
light green; Pet. pure white; Fr. ovoid to pear-
shaped, carmine to coral-red, not pruinose, with C. parvisetus O.: see under Brasilicereus Backbg.
white pulp.—Brazil.
C. perlucens K. Sch. has probably disappeared
C. jugatiflorusWerd. from our collections. Only moderately h„ with
Bo. with a short trunk, to 3 m h.; Ri.to 8, to 4 cm branches only 2 cm.0 , oily green, with a bluish-
h.; Rsp.to 2.5 cm lg.; Csp.to 5 cm lg.; Ar.brown at violet sheen; Ri. 5—6; Rsp. 8-10; Csp. 1-2, all
first; FI.16-22 cm lg., whitish; Fr.golden-yellow, 7 brown at first (sometimes white), eventually
cm lg., 5 cm 0 , with tiny Sc. above; S. matt blackish; FI.and Fr.unknown.—Brazil (Manaos).
black.—Origin unknown. Rare in cultivation. May not be referable to this G.

C. lamprospermusK. Sch. C.pernambucensisLem. (see C. fernambucensis)

Bo. tree-like, to 8 m h., with a trunk to 40 cm 0 ; Bo. low-growing, bushy; FI. 12-16 cm lg. [in C.
branchesto 50 cm lg., 15 cm 0 ; Ri.6—8, 5 cm h.; Sp. variabilis Pfeiff. the FI. are 20 cm lg. or more]; one
8-11, subulate, centrals scarcely differentiated, 1-4 of a number of rather similar spec, of the E. coast of
cm lg.; FI.to 16 cm lg., white with a red line; Fr.to 6 Brazil which are low-growing and branching from
cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 (colour ?): S. glossy black.-= the base; Sp. 4—11, ± yellowish; Ri.only (3— )4(—5)
Paraguay (on the Rio Paraguay, Fuerte Olympo [whereas C. variabilis Pfeiff. non Eng. has 7(—8) Ri.,
and near the Estancia Tagatiya). up to 8 yellowish Sp. to 5.5 cm lg., and FI. more
than 20 cm lg., both a lighter green].—Brazil to
C. lindbergianus Web.: see under Mediocactus. Uruguay.

C. llanosii n.nud. was at first my undescribed name C. peruvianus(L.)Mill.

for a Cereus spec, from the llanos of N. Bo. branching from the base to form bushes, to
Colombia; it was later also used by others. I saw a more than 3 m h. and 5 m br.; branchesof 2 types:
specimen in the Marnier collection under this erect and closer together, or laxer and more
name: its Fr. was 10 cm lg., 6-7 cm 0 , pink to spreading, light green at first, bluish-green in the
orange. 2nd year, finally greyish-green, to 10-20 cm 0 ; Ri.
flat, mostly 7 (6—8), to 2.5 cm h. but eventually to 5
C. niilesimusRost cm; Ar.brown at first; Sp.c. 5-6, 1 of these usually
Bo. with erect branches; Ri. more deeply trans­ a central, to 2 cm lg., light to reddish-brown; FI.16
versely divided and at times + monstrose, cm lg., fully expanding, white; Fr.spherical, 6.5 cm
(9—)10( 12), to 1.5 cm h.; FI.c. 19 cm lg., white, or lg., light yellow to orange.—Origin remains
somewhat reddish at the tip; Fr. 7 cm lg., ovoid, unknown.
orange to pinkish-red. The branches, from near the v. ovicarpus Hertr. has FI. more bellshaped or
base and sometimes several meters h., are to 20 cm funnelform; Fr. ovoid, pale yellow, greenish
thick. Probably a hybrid of C. peruvianus f. above;
monstrosus DC. v. persicinus Werd. has FI. to 20 cm lg., Pet.
peach-coloured above;
C. neotetragonusBackbg. v. proferrens Werd. is distinguished by having
Another of the rare pink-flowering species: Bo. to the epidermisgrey and scaberulous;
2 m h., with a dense crown, green; Ri. 4(— 5), v. reclinatusWerd. has strongly recurved Pet.;
compressed; Ar.white; Sp.brown to almost black, v. tortuosus SD. is a form with noticeably
slender-subulate; Rsp. 5-6, to 8 mm lg.; Csp. 1 or spiralled Ri.;
more, stouter; FI.13 cm lg.—Brazil. v. monstrosusDC. is now applied to a form with

92
 CEREUS

the Ri. more strongly monstrose and broken above; Tu.9 cm lg.; Ov.ellipsoid, 3 cm lg.; Fil.pale
than in C. milesimus; FI. 15 cm lg., Fr. + green;An. brown; style17cm lg., it and the 14Sti.
pruinose and tuberculate, the old epidermis ± pale green; Fr. ovoid, 8x5 cm, dark purple, pulp
scaberulous. white; S. black.—Bolivia (Prov. Chiquitos, Dept.
Santa Cruz, near Tacuaral, 200 m). Probably the
C. pseudocaesiusWerd. Bolivian form or var. of C. stenogonus, with
Bo. several m h., not producing a trunk, branching somewhat more numerous Sp. and white pulp
freely from the base; branchesat first to 6-11 cm 0 , (there are other plants in which the pulp-colour is
later more strongly segmented, light blue at first, known to vary!)
pruinose; Ar. yellowish-white; Ri. 7 (6-8), to 2.5
cm h.; Sp. c. 14, fine, often + bristly, yellowish to
C. torulosus Werd., also probably not in culti­
golden brown, 2 Csp. somewhat stouter, to 1.5 cm vation; branching from the base; St. to 70 cm lg.,
lg.: FI. 26-27 cm lg., pure white; Fr.9 cm lg., olive
deep to greyish-green, to 18 cm 0 ; Ar. brown; Ri.
:o brownish or reddish-brownish, without any 6; Rsp. 5-7, to 2.5 cm lg.; Csp.3(-5), to 3 cm lg.; FI.
bloom, pulp white.—Origin unknown. 23 cm lg., pure white; Fr. ovoid, + carmine, ±
pruinose, pulp white.—Origin unknown. Among
C. pseudothelegonus Rauh & Backbg.: Borzicactus the plants described by Werdermann, which were
pseudothelegonus (Rauh & Backbg.) Rauh & in the Fluntington Garden and whose origin was
Backbg. unknown; some may have resulted from hy­
bridisation.
C. ridleiiDard. de A. Lima
A recently described and previously unknown tree- C. trigonodendron K. Sch.: “To 15 m h., simple or
ke Cereus spec, from Fernando Noronha; bran­ little branching; Ri. 3; Rsp. 6; Csp. 1, c. 6 mm lg.;
ches somewhat obliquely ascending; Ri. 4-5, Sp. FI. red, c. 10 cm lg.—NE. Peru (Loreto).” In this
inconspicuous; FI. ? plant the Ri.have regularly sunken flanks, and the
large dark Ar,at first produce longer, laxly floccose
C. roseiflorusSpeg. H. Acc. to its known characters, the spec, may well
Bo.to 5 m h. ;Ri.6 ;Sp.mostly 3, to 1cm lg.;FI.20 not be referable to Cereus Mill. The surprising
cm lg., delicate pink; Fr. ovoid, violet-red.— thing is that none of the many collectors have
.Argentina (Misiones, near Fracran). Probably not found this spec, again or re-collected it.
found in cultivation.
C. validusHaw.
C. seideliiLehm., otherwise somewhat similar to C. Bo. bushy, to 2 m h. or more; St.5-8,bluish-green
azureus Lehm., is distinguished by the FI.which are at first; Ri. 4-8, compressed; Rsp. 5, to 2 cm lg.;
-5 30 cm lg., and the Sp. which are pitch-black Csp. 1 (-2-3), some eventually to 16 cm lg., all
above.—Origin? horn-coloured; FI.white to reddish; Fr. red, pulp
red(!)—E. Bolivia to Argentina.
C. smithii Pfeiff. (Heliaporus) is a cross between
Aporocactus and Fleliocereus speciosus, with C. vargasianusCard.
router, 6-angled St.,which grows vigorously and Bo.tree-like, with a short trunk,to 8 m h.; branches
has a fine red FI.. ± suberect, bluish-green, constricted at intervals of
c. 50 cm; Ri.4—5, compressed, 5 cm h., somewhat
C. stenogonusK. Sch. sinuate; Ar. grey; Sp. c. 9-10, scarcely differen­
Bo. to 8 m h., bluish to yellowish-green; Ri. 4-5, tiated; 3-4 centrals sometimes discernible, to 7-15
thin, prominent; Sp. 2-3, conical, to 7 mm lg.; FI. mm lg., brownish, darker and thickened at the
20-22 cm lg., ± pink; Fr. 10 cm lg., dark red, pulp base; FI. only 8-10 cm lg., white; Sep. pink; Fil.
: armine.—E. Bolivia to Paraguay (Ipacary) and N. green; Fr. to 8 cm lg., ellipsoid, yellow, pulp
Argentina. Probably not found in cultivation. white.—Peru (Cuzco).
C. tacuaralensis Card.—“Cactus”, 19: 80—81,19. C. variabilis Pfeiff. (only in Brazil): see under C.
1964. pernambucensis Lem.
Bo. columnar, branching, to 5 m h.; St.to c. 12 cm
Z '■ Ri-4, acute, 4-5 cm h., 1.8 cm br.; Ar. c. 3.5 cm C. xanthocarpusK. Sch.
¿part, grey, 1 cm 0;Rsp. 4, 1.5-3.5 cm lg.; Csp.2, Bo. to 7 m h., branching freely from the base,
3-6 cm lg., directed downwards; Sp. all subulate, bluish light green, not pruinose; branches sub­
rale brown; FI. numerous on the upper St., to 22 erect, to ll cm 0 ; Ri. 5, c. 2 cm h. at first,
cm lg.; Sep. greenish-red, brown above; Pet. eventually to 6 cm h., somewhat notched; Ar.more
spatulate, to 10 cm lg., whitish below, reddish distant as the plant ages; Sp.short at first; Rsp.3-5
93
CEREUS—CLEISTOCACTUS

and Csp. 1, all at first yellowish-brownish, becom­ black.—Mexico (Chiapas, near Chicharras). (Fig.
ing blackish-brown throughout or only below, to c. 57.)
2 cm lg.; FI. 17-20 cm lg., pure white; Fr. v. hondurensis (Kimn.) Backbg. n. comb.
subspherical, c. 9 cm lg., coppery-brownish before (Disocactus nelsonii v. hondurensis Kimn., C. &
dehiscence, then orange to yellowish-red (to S. J. (US), XXXVII: 2, 33. 1965).
carmine ?), pulp white.—Paraguay (Calle Bo. with main St. only to 50 cm lg., branching
Manora). more from near the base; St. 5-6 cm br.; Sep.
yellowish-purple (greenish-yellow in v. nelsonii);
Pet.to 2.4 cm br. (to 2 cm br. in v. nelsonii); Sti.
Chamaecereus Br. & R. (96) and An. purple (yellow in v. nelsonii).—
Honduras (Comayagua, E. of Siguatepeque, 4
Fairly soft-stemmed, dwarf-cereoid plants which miles SW. of El Rincon).
offset freely, the stems readily detached; flowers
red, fruits small, spherical, ± dry, seeds matt black. Chilenia Backbg.: a name at first given to a
It is unfortunate that the stems drop so easily, and complex within Neoporteria Br. & R. (1935, 1938),
that the plant is susceptible to attack by red-spider and then to NeochileniaBackbg. (1939); not valid.
mite. Crossing, particularly with Lobivia famatim-
ensis, has produced cultivars with firmer and rather Chileorebutia Ritt.: Neochilenia Backbg. Ritter
robuster stems and a very wide range of flower- based his genus on the following characters:
colour.—Distribution: N. Argentina (on the “Dwarf habit with thick taproot; tubercles replac­
mountains of Tucuman and Salta). [(G). (R), fairly ing ribs; flowers more strongly furnished with hairs
hardy.] and bristles”. In this case none of these characters is
diagnostically valid at generic level, since they are
Chamaecereussilvestrii(Speg.) Br. & R. (T.) all found equally in other Chilean genera: Copia-
Bo.forming small groups to c. 6 cm h., light green; poa, Neochilenia, Neoporteria, Pyrrhocactus
Ri. 6-9, slender, low; Sp. very short, white, weak; sensu Ritt. in Chile. His genus must therefore be
FI. scarlet to mid-red, c. 4 cm lg., with black and referred to Neochilenia (see also under Neochi­
white H., ± with some Br.—Argentina (see above), lenia).
f. crassicaulis crist. Backbg.: St. stouter, less
readily detached, with fasciated St.-tips. (Fig. Chileorebutia odieri sensu Ritt.: Neochilenia
56.) imitansBackbg.
Chamaelobivia Y. Ito: Plants under this name in Chilita Ore. or Ore. emend. F. Buxb.: Mammillaria
Japan are probably hybrids similar to the crosses Haw.—Species with black seeds.
mentioned under Chamaecereus.
Chrysocactus Y. Ito: EriocactusBackbg.
Chiapasia Br. & R. (39)
Cleistocactus Lem. (75)
Epiphytes with flat, notched stems and small
slender, terete, stalk-like trunks. Flowers funnel- Slender-stemmed shrubs, mostly of moderate
form to open bellshaped and thus distinguished height, branching from the base or the sides. Spines
from Disocactus, where all 3 species have a much predominantly fine, in part + hairlike, interspersed
narrower flower which is never bellshaped; in with rather firmer spines. Some species also have
Chiapasia the petals are also more closed. Flowers longer and stouter spines. More rarely the plants
last for several days. Fruit small, ± broadly form more freely branching shrubs resembling
spherical, smooth.—Distribution: Mexico (Chia­ small trees (C. morawetzianus); sometimes they are
pas). [(R).] Referred by Kimnach to Disocactus, ± prostrate (C. smaragdiflorus). Most species
despite the differences of floral structure (see under
grow well, some quite quickly producing longer
Disocactus). stems (C. buchtienii); in general they are not at all
difficult. Since a whole series of previously un­
C. nelsonii(Br. & R.) Br. & R. (T.) known species have been found recently, offering
Bo.freely branching, main St. more so in the upper great variety of habit, the species of this genus
part; St.to 1.6 m lg., 3-4 cm br., slightly notched; should be of especial interest to the professional
Sp. absent; FI. c. 5 cm lg., bellshaped, lilac-pink; grower. Additional interest is provided by the
Ov. with minute Sc.; styleand An. projecting; Sti. range of flower-colours: white, yellow, red, red
rather lg.; Fr. small, broadly spherical, with with green, orange with red, etc., while others are
persistent FI.-remains; S.glossy to matt, brownish- very free-flowering when mature (C. strausii, C.
94
 CLEISTOCACTUS

ujuyensis), so that the genus deserves much more spherical, 8 mm 0; S. 1 mm lg., glossy black.—
attention than it has hitherto received. The slightly Bolivia (Dept. Chuquisaca, Puente Pacheco, 1100
hairy flowers are predominantly ± cylindric with a m). (Fig. 58, left.)
narrow opening, sometimes ± zygomorphic, with
the tube ± bent at the ovary, or forming an angle, C. baumannii(Lem.) Lem. (T.)
or straight. Fruits densely and finely scaly, not Bo. at first erect, then hanging over; St.more than
arge; seeds mostly numerous.—Distribution: 2.5 cm 0 , deep green; Ri.to 16; Rsp. 15-20, to 1.5
from Central Peru through E. Bolivia to N. cm lg.; Csp. 1, to 2.5 cm lg., yellowish to dark
\rgentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. [(R).] brown, with a lighter tip; FI. to 7 cm lg., more
weakly bent, flame-coloured, lighter inside; Fr. to
C. albisetus (FR 820): Origin: ? Bolivia. 1.5 cm 0 , red, pulp white.—NE. Argentina,
Paraguay, Uruguay.
C. angosturensisCard. v. flavispinus (SD.) Rice.: differs in having
Bo. medium-tall, erect, quite freely branching, to 2 golden-yellow Sp.
m h.;St. to 3.5 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 15;Rsp. 10-13,3-15 Ritter distinguished also the following Sp.-colours:
mm lg.; Csp. 2-4, 1.5-4 cm lg.; Sp. all acicular, FR 19b: red; FR 19c: white; FR 19d: black.
ellow; FI.c. 7 cm lg., green; Fr.2 cm 0 , dark red; However the colours are not always constant, and
S. dark brown or black, small, glossy.—Bolivia may sometimes vary, even on one and the same
lCochabamba, Angostura, 2550 m). plant, e.g. red to white.
C. anguinus (Giirke) Br. & R. C.brookeiCard.
Bo. soon arching over, inclined or creeping; St.to 2 Bo. to 50 cm h.; St.to 4.5 cm 0 , light green; Ri.c.
cm 0; Ri. 10-11, indistinct; Rsp. to 22, Csp. to 2, 24, to 3 mm h., with transverse furrows; Ar. grey
all ± brownish, centrals more yellowish; FI.7.5 cm above, brown below; Sp. to c. 30, 4-10 mm lg.,
Lg- S-shaped, orange-red.—Paraguay. bristly, yellowish, brownish in the crown; FI. S-
shaped, 5 cm lg., dark red; Ov. not sharply bent;
C. apurimacensisJohns, n. nud. Fr. 1 cm 0 , purple; S. dark brown.—Bolivia
Bo. erect, at first (always ?) branching from the (Santa Cruz, near Pozo No. 4, Camiri). (Fig. 58,
3ase; St. 3.5 cm 0 ; Ar. c. 10-12 mm apart, soon right.)
white, surmounted by a broad S-shaped furrow;
Sp. amber-coloured; Rsp.c. 10, acicular, to 10 mm C. bruneispinus Backbg. resembles C. baumannii,
g .Csp. to 4, rather stouter, to 2 cm lg., dark and but is more robust; Sp. dark reddish-brown; FI.
•Lightly thickened at the base; FI. ?—Peru (vicinity stouter, more S-shaped and curving. Origin un­
:: the Rio Apurimac). Without doubt close to C. known.
morawetzianus.
C. buchtieniiBackbg.
C. areolatus (Muehlpfrdt.) Rice.: This species, Bo. forming a tall shrub, fast-growing; St.to 5 cm
inscribed without any floral data, was recognised 0 ; Ri.c. 18, low, with V-notches; Ar.brown; Sp.c.
jorrectly by Ritter as an uncertain spec.; it may 12, acicular, all reddish-brown, including c. 4
have been a Peruvian Loxanthocereus. Since scarcely differentiated Csp.to 3 cm lg.; FI.6 cm lg.,
Rjccobono, the name has been applied to C. scarcely opening, wine-red.—Bolivia (Arque-
rarviflorus. Cochabamba).
v. (?) flavispinus Card, has straw-coloured Sp.
C. ayopayanus Card. and only 1 rather longer Csp.; Ov. purplish-
Bo. 1-1.5 m h.; St.to 3.5 cm 0 , pale green; Ri.to pink; Sep. green.—Bolivia (Prov. Tarata, La
.5, 4 mm h., transversely furrowed; Sp. 13-16, Angostura, 2570 m).
'tain, yellow, 1.2-4 cm lg.; FI.4 cm lg., dark green
_bove; Fr. 1 cm 0 , pale green.—Bolivia (Prov. C.candelillaCard.
Ayopaya, Morochata-Independencia, 2300 m). Bo. prostrate to erect, 1 m h.; St. 3 cm 0 ; Ri.
11-12, 3 mm h., transversely furrowed; Rsp. 13-15,
C. azerensis Card.—C. & S. J. (US), XXXIII: 3, 5 mm lg.; Csp.3-4, slightly flattened; FI.3.5 cm lg.;
'4-75. 1961. Sep. projecting, yellow, brown-tipped; Pet. form­
Bo. erect, branching from the base; St. greyish- ing a tube, purple with a white border; Fr. 1 cm
green, to 4 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 23; Ar. brownish; Sp. 0 , salmon-red.—Bolivia (Prov. Florida, Pampa
L6-24, scarcely differentiated, to 5 mm lg., white to Grande, 1400 m).
pale yellow; FI.numerous, to 5 cm lg., 7 mm 0 ; Tu.
slightly curving, bluish-red; Sep. pale violet-pink C. chacoanus Ritt. n.nud. (FR 841)
r'elow, greenish above; Pet. violet-pink; Fr. From the C. baumannii complex: Ri. c. 8; Ar.
95
CLEISTOCACTUS

small, brown; Sp. brown to black, light-tipped; cm lg. or somewhat more; Sp. pale yellow; FI.
Rsp.c. 12-15, to 3-4 mm lg.; Csp. l(-2), to almost 3 gently curving; Sep. orange; Pet. in part golden-
cm lg.; FL strongly zygomorphic.—Bolivia yellow, to scarlet, ageing to blood-red.—Para­
(Chaco). guay?

C. chotaensis Web.: spec, as yet unclarified, C. fusifforus Card.

possibly not referable to this genus: Bo. to 2 m h.; Bo.erect, branching from the base ; St.to 2.4 cm 0,
FI.5 cm lg., orange, limb 2.5 cm br.; Ov.with black fresh green ; Ri.13-14, 4 mm h. ; Ar.grey ; Rsp.8-9,
hairs.—Peru (Rio Chota). See under Seticereus 3-5 mm lg., some of them 7 mm lg. ; Csp. 1, 1-2 cm
Backbg. lg.; Sp. all thin, light grey, brown-tipped; FL
straight, 3.5 cm lg.; Tu. light yellow; Sep. pink
C. clavicaulis Card.—“Cactus”, 19: 80-81, 20. below, greenish-brownish above; Pet. magenta,
1964. with a transparent border ; Fr. 1.5 cm 0 , yellow. —
Bo.columnar, thickened above, to 60 cm h., 40 cm Bolivia (Valle Grande, Saipina, 1900 m).
0 ; Ri.c. 10, rather distant, 5 mm h., 1.2 cm br.; Ar.
to 8 mm apart, grey, circular; Rsp. 5-7, radiating, C. glaucusRitt.—“Taxon”, XIII: 3, 114. 1964.
5-17 mm lg.; Csp. 1, 2.5-3 cm lg., directed Bo. to 2 m lg., branching from thé base, greyish-
downwards; Sp. all pale grey, brown-tipped, green; St.to 4cm 0 ; Ri.(12— ) 13—17(—18), obtuse,
stoutly acicular; FI.cyclindric, 3.5 cm lg., 8 mm br.;
notched, to 5 mm h. ; Ar. 4-6 mm apart, white or
Sep. pink below, green above; Pet. dark purple brownish ; Sp. chestnut-brown ; Rsp. 7-9, 4-7 mm
below, greenish above; Tu. 2 cm lg., red; Ov. pale
lg., acicular, the lowest ones longest, none in the
green, spherical, 6 mm lg.; Fil. white; An. pale upper part of the Ar. ; Csp. 1-3, straight, stiffer,
purple to yellowish; style 3 cm lg., white; Sti. 8,
green; Fr. spherical to oblong, 1-2 cm lg., lilac- sometimes only little longer, but 1(— 2) much
purple, Sc. whitish, with sparse white H.—Bolivia stouter, to 5 cm lg. ; FL straight-limbed, to 4.2 cm
(Prov. Gran Chaco, Dept. Tarija, near Angosto de lg. ; Pet. crimson or orange, tipped greenish to
Villa Montes, 460 m). greenish-brown; Tu. carmine, curving slightly
downwards ; Fil.in 2 series, white ; stylewhite ; Sti.
greenish; Fr. to 1.5 cm lg., reddish; S. 1.25 mm
C. compactusBackbg. lg.—Bolivia (Dept. La Paz, Prov. Murillo, Tirata)
Bo.branching densely from the base, to c. 40 cm h.; (FR 112).
St.to 3 cm 0 ;Ri.12-14;Rsp.to 20; Csp.0-1, light v. plurispinusRitt.—l.c. :
yellowish-brown, darker in the crown; FI.straight, Bo. somewhat taller; Ri. 15-20; Sp. somewhat
carmine below, light brownish above; Pet.reddish thinner; Rsp. 10-15; Csp. all long; Pet.shorter,
in the middle, projecting.—Origin unknown. rounded or acuminate.—Bolivia (Dept. La Paz,
border between Prov. Murillo and Loayza) (FR
C. crassicaulisCard.-C. & S. J. (US), XXXIII: 3, 112a).
77-78. 1961.
Bo. slender-columnar, to 60 cm h.; St.pale green,
to 7 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 14; Ar. dark grey; Rsp. 8-10, C. grossei(Wgt.) Backbg.
radiating, to 5 mm lg.; Csp. 1-3, directed down­ Bo. erect, inclined; St. c. 2.5 cm 0 or somewhat
wards, 7-20 mm lg.; Sp. all grey, thickened at the more; Ri. to 17, with a slight V-furrow; Rsp. c.
base; FI. to 3.5 cm lg., 9 mm 0 ; Sep. emerald- 17-18, very thin, white; Csp. c. 4, 2 longer ones
green; Pet. greenish above, whitish below; Fr. directed upwards and downwards, acicular, amber
spherical, to 1.3 cm lg., reddish; S. dark to light yellow; FL red, c. 5 cm lg., 1.6 cm 0, buds
brownish.—Bolivia (Entre Rios, Angosto de Villa white-woolly at first, from brown and white Ar.—
Montes). Paraguay. One of the spec, with a more widely
expanded Per.
C. dependens Card.: Seticleistocactus dependens
(Card.) Backbg. (Fig. 59, left.) C. hildegardia and v. flavirufus (FR 1126): C.
hildewinterae v. flavirufus Ritt.: “only spec, with
C. flavescens hort. Hge Jr.: Cleistocactuswendlan- more widely opening FL” (Ritt.); perhaps there­
diorum Backbg. fore identical with the preceding spec. ?

C. flavispinus (K.Sch. non SD.) Backbg. C. hyalacanthus(K.Sch.) Goss.

Bo. erect, light green; St.to 3 cm 0 ; Ri.to 16; Ar. A spec, which does not appear to have been re­
brown above, grey below; Rsp.toe. 18, in the lower collected since the description : St.thin, only 1.5 cm
half of the Ar., thin; Csp.c. 3, the longest one to 2 0 ;Ri.20 ; Sp.bristly, fine, over 20, white ; Ar.grey ;
96
 CLEISTOCACTUS

FI. 3.5 cm lg., light red.—Argentina (Jujuy, C. mendozae Card.—C. & S. J. (US), XXXV: 6,
Rosario de Lerma). 202. 1963.
Bo. to 2 m h.; St.4.5 cm 0, rounded above; Ri.c.
C.ianthinusCard. 25, rather obtuse, 4mm h., 5 mm br.; Ar.elliptical,
Bo.erect, to 70 cm h.; St.pale green, to 3 cm 0 ; Ri. 2 mm lg., 4 mm apart, ash-grey; Sp.yellow, radials
c. 10, 4 mm h.; Rsp. 10-14, to 8 mmlg.; Csp. 1, to 3 and centrals not differentiated, 16-20, 3-12 mm lg.;
cm lg.; Sp. at first white or pale pink, becoming FI. numerous, tubular, curving near the base, 3.5
grey; FI.3 cm lg.; Tu. lilac-pink; Sep. bluish-pink, cm lg., 8 mm 0 ;Tu. pale pink, 2 cm lg., with
whitish above; Pet. darker; Fr. 1 cm 0 , dark greenish-white Sc., and white as well as black H.;
oluish-pink.—Bolivia (Prov. Charcas, near Cala- Sep.green; Pet.3 mm lg., purple; Fil.pale purple;
"uta, 2000 m). An. dark purple; style2.5 cm lg., white below, pink
above; Sti.8, pale green; Fr. 1.5 cm 0, pink, with
C.jugatiflorusBackbg. transparent Sc. and white H.; S. 1 mm lg., dark
Bo. to 55 cm lg.; St.mid-green, to 3 cm 0 ; Ri. 11; brown.—Bolivia (Prov. Tomina, Dept. Chuq-
At. ± greyish-brownish; Rsp. c. 12, 4—6 mm lg., uisaca, on the road Padilla-Tomina, 2200 m).
thm, glassy; Csp. mostly 3-4, to 2.2 cm lg., light
Tom-coloured, reddish at the base, the longest one C. micropetalusRitt. n.nud. (FR 830)
eventually to 4.2 cm lg.; FI. 6 cm lg., ± straight, St.c. 3cm 0, green; Ri. 11; Ar. brown; Sp. more
render; Pet. yellowish-red below, passing over to than 20, fine, interlacing, yellow; Csp. to over 5,
Teeper red at the tip.—Origin unknown. yellow, thin, sometimes to 3cm lg.—Origin ?
C.jujuyensis(Backbg.) Backbg. C. monvilleanus (Web.) Web.: an uncertain spec.,
Bo. erect, over lm h.; St. 4-6 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 20, possibly referable to Seticereus.
-arrow, low; Ar. brownish at first; Rsp. c. 25-30;
Csp. clearly distinguished from the fine Rsp. by C. morawetzianusBackbg.
-oth length and colour, ± brownish to yellowish, Bo.shrubby or resembling small trees, to 2 m h.; St.
:■er 3 cm lg.;FI. 4 cm lg.;Tu. light red; Pet. + greyish-green; Ri. to c. 14, with a V-notch; Sp. to
-oreading, ± bluish-carmine; Fr. small.— 14, + thickened at the base, c. 3 centrals
Argentina (Jujuy). discernible, subulate, golden-yellow at first, soon
Very vigorous-growing and free-flowering: the becoming whitish-grey with tips straw-coloured or
false C. strausii”. darker; FI. c. 5.5 cm lg., ± straight, or ± bent
above the Qv., then directed downwards; Pet.
C.laniceps(K.Sch.) Goss. slightly spreading, white, with a greenish or faintly
Bo. 4 m h.; St. to 5 cm 0 ; Ri. 9, transversely pink sheen.—Central Peru (Jfuancavo-Ayacucho).
Trtehed; Sp. mostly only 3, grey, to 1.5 cm lg.; FI. v. arboreus Ak. [C. & S. J. (US), XX: 9, 129.
f 5 cm lg.; Sep.and Pet.probably red; Fr. 1 cm 0 ; 1948, Fig. 96, flower only] is obviously the form
S. elossy black.—Bolivia (Cordillera of Tunari, having stouter, bluish-green St.;Rsp.c. 10; Csp.
1300 m ). c. 4, all + equal, c. 5-6 mm lg., directed sideways
or downwards, all yellow;
C.luminosusJohns. v. pycnacanthus Rauh & Backbg.: see C.
A new species, apparently not described, but pycnacanthus.
interesting:
Bo. to rather more than 1 m h.; St.to c. 5 cm 0 , C. muyurinensis Ritt.—“Taxon”, XIII: 3, 114.
mid to dark green; Ri.c. 10-12, tuberculate at first, 1964.
‘ith a V-furrow; Sp. mostly all rather stiff, Bo.branching from the base, to 1.5 m h.; St.2-3 cm
Tangent; Rsp, to 13, 2-4 mm lg.; Csp. mostly 4, 0 ; Ri. 10-13, notched, to 5 mm h.; Ar. to 4 mm
: ruciform, 5-8 mm lg., brownish, or reddish-brown apart, dark brown; Rsp. 3-5, white, hairlike, 3-5
it the tip and the base, some of the Rsp. similarly, mm lg., centrals somewhat stouter, upper ones
s imetimes light at first; FI. ?—Origin unknown. resembling the centrals; Csp. 1-2, 2^4 cm lg.,
yellowish-brown; FI.3.5 cm lg., limb straight; Tu.
C. luribayensisCard. straight, ± purple; Ov. brownish-red to brownish-
Bo. columnar to tree-like, 2-3 m h.; St.to 4 cm 0 , carmine, it and the Tu. with white FI.; Pet.violet-
iht green; Ri. 13-15, low, with a V-notch; Ar. purple, bordered violet, rounded to + acuminate
zht brown; Sp. 8-12, 1-3 of these ± distinguish- above; Fil.white or pale pink, purple above; style
- rie as centrals and to 3cmlg., others to 1cmlg., all and 7 Sti.reddish-brown; Fr. 1.5 cm 0 , brownish-
: f them thin, acicular, greenish-yellow to honey- red, weakly white-haired; S. 0.75 mm lg., dark.—
coloured or yellowish-brown; FI. to 4.3 cm lg., Bolivia (Dept. Santa Cruz, Prov. Valle Grande,
.irmine, limb erect.—Bolivia. Muyurina) (FR 821).
97
CLEISTOCACTUS

C. orthogonusCard. collection showed red Sp., without longer

Bo.erect, to 80 cm h., pale green; St.4-5 cm 0 ; Ri. centrals, all Sp. being ± equal.
15-17, to 3 mm h.; Ar. grey; Sp.c. 10, centrals not C. piraymirensis Card.: Seticleistocactuspiraymir-
distinguishable, 5-30 mm lg., yellow; FI.4.5-5 cm ensis(Card.) Backbg.
lg.; Tu. magenta to red; Pet. light magenta to
pinkish-red; Sep. greenish-purple; Fr. 1.5 cm 0 , C.pojoensisCard.
with red Sc. and salmon-coloured H.—Bolivia Bo.erect, to 3 m h.; St.4-5 cm 0 ; Ri. 13-17, 3 mm
(Dept. Potosí, Chaqui-Betanzos, 2800 m). h.; Ar. brown; Rsp. 8-12, to 8 mm lg.; Csp. 1, 2-3
cm lg.; Sp. grey, brown-tipped; FI.tubular, 4 cm
C.parapetiensisCard. lg., yellowish-green below, orange at midway,
Bo. erect, to 60 cm h.; St.to 4 cm 0 , fresh green; wine-red above; Fr. 1.2 cm 0 , dark wine-red.—
Ri. 19; Ar.greyish-brown; Sp.c. 20, 3-6 mm lg., the Bolivia (Prov. Carrasco, Hacienda La Habana
longer centrals to 10 mm lg., dissimilar, from etc.).
hairlike to acicular, or somewhat stouter, white or
brown; FI.borne quite low on the St., 3-3.5 cm lg.; IC. pseudostrausii (FR 1145): no description
Tu. reddish; Pet. greenish-yellow, outer ones pink I available.
at the base; Fr. 1 cm 0 , purple.—Bolivia (Prov.
Cordillera, Rio Parapeti). C. pungensRitt.—“Taxon”, XIII: 3, 115. 1964.
Bo. distinguished from that of C. morawetzianus
C. parviflorus(K.Sch.) Goss. by its offsetting from the base, to 1.5 m h.; Ri.c. 13,
Bo.erect, to 3 m h.; St.to 4 cm 0 , green; Ri.12-15, to 8 mm h.; Ar.to 7 mm apart; Sp.chestnut-brown,
with V-notches; Sp. dark yellow, but also greenish becoming grey, reddish-brown at the tips; Rsp.
or honey-coloured to brownish; Rsp. 5-7(-9), to c. 8-12, to 1 cm lg.; Csp. 2-5, mostly somewhat
4 mm lg.; Csp. 1(— 3) to 2.5 cm lg., the others to 4 stouter and longer, 1-2 of them still longer, 2-5 cm
mm lg.; FI.red, to 3-4 cm lg., straight; Fr.yellow, c. lg.; FI.7.5 cm lg., carmine; (Fr. ? and) Ov.greenish
1cm 0 . —Bolivia (Pairotani, 2400 m). or brownish-red, with some white H.; Pet. faintly
Ritter correctly established that C. areolatus Rice, greenish at the tip, with a blood-red M.-line; Fr.2
was identical with C. parviflorus, and that Cereus cm lg., pale red; S. 1.3 mm lg., dark.—Peru (Dept.
areolatus Muehlpfrdt. was a nomen dubium; Ayacucho and Apurimac, frontier-zone on the Rio
possibly it was a Peruvian Loxanthocereus. But in Pampas) (FR 664). Identical with the following
his article in Kakt. u. a. Sukk., 6: 102-104. 1963, spec. ?
Ritter gave too little weight to the question of
spination. Old and almost tree-like specimens in C. pycnacanthus (Rauh & Backbg.) Backbg.
the Marnier collection constantly showed fairly n.comb. (Cleistocactus morawetzianus v. pycna­
crowded Csp. c. 1-.5— 2.5(!) cm lg. However other canthus Rauh & Backbg., Descr. Cact. Nov. I, 17.
specimens have Csp. only half that length, all + 1956).
equal, similar to those of the red-spined plants of Bo. erect, over 1.5 m h.; St.to 5 cm 0 ; Ri. at first
the following variety: 8-10, later more numerous, c. 6 mm br.; Ar.
v. aiquilensis Ritt. l.c.: Ri. 14-19; Sp. yellow to circular, c. 5 mm 0 ; Rsp. to c. 12, subulate or
reddish-brown (and also red!); FI. to 4.5 cm lg., thinner, scarcely thickened at the base; Csp.
red.—Bolivia (Dept. Cochabamba, Prov. Cam- scarcely recognizable, somewhat stouter, 4(—5), the
pero, Aiquile to Chuquisaca, Yotala) (FR 539). longest upper one to 3.5 cm lg. or somewhat more;
I agree with Ritter that the stem of “C. Sp. at first reddish-brownish or somewhat lighter;
herzogianus” I show in Bflt. 1934—6 in fact FI. 8.5 cm lg., straight, deep carmine; Tu. with
belongs to C. parviflorus, but even as a fully greenish Sc. and short brown H.; Sep. thin,
mature St. it only shows centrals here and there, greenish, narrow; Pet. deep purple; Fil. and An.
and overall has shorter and less regular Sp. than purple; stylewhite; Sti.pinkish-white.—Peru (dry
the type-species. Even large plants of that spec, region around Ayacucho, 2700 m). Close to C.
have ± equal Sp., longer centrals being the morawetzianus, but better considered as a distinct
exception, so that I retain for it the name: spec, because of the spination and flower; the latter
v. herzogianus(Backbg.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. only recently became known.
Nov. Ill: 5, 1963, since the Fr. was pinkish-
orange instead of yellow, and the Sp. dull C.reaeCard.
yellowish to reddish, sometimes on one and the Bo.erect, to 2 m h.; St.dark green, 3-4.5 cm 0 ; Ri.
same plant. This is the only means of represent­ 19, 7 mm h.; Ar. grey; Sp. 16-20, yellowish, thin,
ing correctly the differences of spination. Old 5-25 mm lg.; FI.5-7 cm lg., cylindric; Sep. purple
specimens of v. aiquilensis Ritt. in Marnier’s with dark green tips; Pet.pink with white borders;
98
 CLEISTOCACTUS

Fr. 2.5 cm 0 , red; S. 1.5 mm lg., glossy dark tapered-spherical, red, woolly; S. small, black.—
rrown.—Bolivia (Prov. Inquisivi, Quima, 3000 m). Bolivia (Tarija, 1750 m).
Ritter’s No. FR 113. v. fricii(Dórfl.) Backbg. has H. to 5 cm lg., and
the Fr.is said to be green. Fl.as in the type.
C. ressinianusCard.
Bo.erect, to 2m h., branching from the base; St.4 C. sucrensis Card.: listed here as var. of C.
cm 0 ; Ri.to c. 22,transversely furrowed, 4mm h.; tupizensis (Vpl.) Backbg.; also regarded as a valid
Sp. 8-15, to 1.5 cm lg., centrals sometimes more species.
dearly distinguishable, to 3.5 cm lg., reddish-
crown, spreading; FI. 7-8 cm lg., limb zygomor- C.tarijensisCard.
rhic, 1cm 0 ; Sep. dark bluish-pink; Pet. 18 mm Bo.erect, to 70 cm h.; St.to 5 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 20, 3 mm
lg.. bluish-pink; Fr.spherical, to 3 cm 0 ; S.glossy h | Sp. c. 20, thin, hyaline to yellowish; Csp.
clack.—Bolivia (Prov. Oropeza, Sucre-Tarabuco, sometimes 3-4 are distinguishable, to 2.5 cm lg.; Fl.
2700 m). tubular, 4 cm lg.; Sep. red, yellow-tipped; Pet.
bluish-pink, white at the base; Fr. 1.5 cm 0 ,
C.rojoiCard. spherical, reddish to greenish-red; S. glossy, dark
Bo. erect, 60 cm h.; St.dark green, to only 2.5 cm brown.—Bolivia (Prov. Cercado, near Tarija, 1900
0 : Ri. 17, 4 mm h.; Sp. to 25, thin, 3-20 mm lg., m).
whitish or brown; Csp. mostly not differentiated,
sometimes 3-4, to 2 cm lg., pointing downwards; C.tominensis(Wgt.) Backbg.
FL narrow, 6 cm lg.; Sep. dark red, yellow above; Bo. erect, to 2 m h., not branching till much older;
Pet. salmon-pink; Fr. ovoid, 18 mm lg., pink or St. to 5 cm 0 ; Ri. 18-22, low, transversely
rale purple; S.glossy dark brown.—Bolivia (Prov. notched; Sp. 8-9, at first thin, then stouter,
Entrerios, Entrerios-Villamontes, 600 m). yellowish at the apex, then grey; Rsp. scarcely over
1cm lg., those ± distinguishable as centrals to 2 cm
C. santacruzensisBackbg. n.sp. lg., projecting, sometimes reddish-brown or pink-
Bo. bluish-green; St.to c. 3 cm 0 ; Ri. 15-17; Ar. tipped in seedlings; Fl. only 2.6 cm lg., narrow,
cark brown at first, becoming whitish-grey; Sp. green, yellowish to red, or green below and red
cale yellow or pinkish-grey at first, becoming above; Fr. c. 1.8 cm 0 , spherical, pale pink, pulp
vhitish-grey; Rsp. c. 10, 2-6 mm long; Csp. white; S.c. 1 mm lg., glossy black.—Bolivia (E. of
-2-3), one to over 2 cm lg., any others directed Sucre, Tomina valley, 1800-2000 m).
-pwards and downwards; FL c. 5 cm lg., red,
curving and S-shaped, with distant dark red Sc., C. tupizensis(Vpl.) Backbg.
somewhat hairy, limb oblique, style projecting.— Bo.erect, branching from the base, c. 1.5 m h. (to 3
3olivia (Santa Cruz) (FR 356); belongs to the C. m in cultivation); St.to c. 6 cm 0 ; Ri. 14—24, low;
raumannii complex but has different spination; FI. Sp. c. 15-20, glassy, brittle, unequal, also 2 Csp.,
-norter. (Fig. 60.) one above the other, to c. 4.5 cm lg., whitish to
brilliant reddish-brown, centrals later scarcely
C. smaragdiflorus(Web.) Br. & R. distinguishable, all Sp. rather crowded; FL only
Bo. erect to prostrate; St. to over 3.5 cm 0 ; Ri. slightly curving, 8 cm lg., wine-red, limb ±
.2-14, low; Sp. numerous, acicular; Csp. several, oblique; Pet.red to whitish.—Bolivia (Tupiza).
projecting, rigid, sharp, + yellowish-brown; FL 5 v. sucrensis (Card.) Backbg.: Sp. to 6 cm lg.,
an lg., narrow; Tu. and Ov. red, limbgreen; Fr. 1.5 projecting, at first + straw-coloured; FL 6.5-8
cm 0 , spherical.—Paraguay, N. Argentina. cm lg.;Sep. dark salmon-red; Pet. wine-red.—
v. gracilior Backbg. n.v.: Bo. darker green and Bolivia (Prov. Oropeza, Sucre-Tarabuco).
more slender than in the type; Ar.dark reddish-
brown, 5 mm apart; Sp. reddish-brown, es­ C.vallegrandensisCard.— C.& S, J. (US), XXXIII:
pecially above, finer, all shorter. Csp. 1, longer, 3, 75-76,1961.
1-2.5 cm lg.; Fl. similar.—Origin? (obtained Bo. columnar, branching, to 60 cm h.; St. dark
from Hutchison). green, to 2.5 cm 0 ; Ri. 12-13; Ar. dark brown or
black; Rsp. 15-18, 5-20 mm lg.; Csp. 1, 2-3 cm lg.;
C. strausii(Heese) Backbg. Sp. crowded, all thin-acicular, + yellowish; Fl.
Bo. erect, 1m h., grafted plants to several meters h.; numerous, tubular, to 3.5 cm lg., dark (bluish-)
St.c. 4(- c. 8) cm 0 ; Ri.25, fresh green; Ar.white; red. Bolivia (Vallegrande). (Fig. 59, right.)
Rsp.30-40, to 17mm lg., hairlike, white; Csp.c. 4,
ght yellow, to 2 cm lg.; Fl. 8-9 cm lg., straight, C. variispinusRitt.—“Taxon”, XIII: 3, 114. 1964.
narrow, wine-red, with reddish-brown H.; Fr. + Bo. branching from about midway up the St.; Ri.

99
 CLEISTOCACTUS—CLISTANTHOCEREUS

14-18, indistinctly notched; Ar. white, to 4 mm 3.5 cm lg., uniformly green, the Sc. similarly, with
apart; Sp. 30-40, pale yellow, golden or brownish- brown woolly H.—Bolivia (Ayata) (FR 323). (Fig.
yellow, the upper ones to 1cm lg., 1-2 to 2-4 cm lg.; 61, left.)
FI. straight-limbed, to 4.8 cm lg., white; Tu.
carmine or orange; Ov. reddish, it and the Tu.with C. vulpis-cauda Ritt. & Cullm.—Kakt. u. a. sukk.
some white H.; Pet. tipped pale greenish; Fr. to 2 Pfl., 13:3, 38-40. 1962.
cm lg., violet-red; S. 1.2 mm lg., glossy black.— Bo. to 2 m lg., pendant, branching from the base;
Bolivia (Dept. La Paz, Prov. Lareca, Mine St. 2-5 cm 0 , green;Ri. 18-22, weakly trans­
Cascabel, 2000 m) (FR 108). versely notched; Ar. yellow to dark brown; Sp.
replaced by H., to c. 50, flexible, 1-2 cm lg., whitish
C. villamontesiiCard.-C. & S. J. (US), XXXIII: 3, to reddish-brown, centrals not distinguishable; FI.
76-77.1961. 6 cm lg., scarcely curving; Ov.bent at a right-angle,
Bo. erect, offsetting from the base, to c. 40 cm h.; red; Tu. light blood-red, very sparsely white-
St.to c. 3 cm 0, tapering at the tip; Ri.c. 15; Ar. haired; Sep.dark red; Pet.light red, limb oblique;
brown; Sp. scarcely differentiated, 2-6 mm lg., c. Fr. red, becoming brown, tessellate, 9 mm lg.; S.
20, sometimes 1-3 Csp. more discernible, to 1 cm faintly glossy, black.—Bolivia (Prov. Tomina) (FR
lg., pale brownish, the others whitish; FI. numer­ 847). The H., from a photo of Cullmann’s, can also
ous, zygomorphic, c. 5 cm lg.; Tu. dark purple, be bristly, erect in the St.-apex, otherwise project­
H. white; Sep. white below, greenish above; Pet. ing. (Fig. 61, right.)
similarly coloured; An. deep purple, projecting;
Sti. emerald-green; Fr. spherical, 1.2 cm lg.— C. wendlandiorumBackbg.
Bolivia (Entre Rios, Angosto de Villamontes). FI. Bo.erect, branching from the base; St.to 3.5cm 0
somewhat variable. (to 4.5cm in grafted plants); Ri.c. 22, 2 mm h.; Ar.
v. longifloriorBackbg. n.v.: + oblong; Sp.c. 40,bristly-fine, short, yellowish at
Separable from the type by c. 14 Sp.,the radials first, soon becoming greyish-white, to c. 1 cm lg.,
light, centrals c.4, brownish, to 2 cm lg.; FI.to c. crowded; Csp. scarcely distinguishable; FI. 5 cm
7 cm lg.; Tu.and Ov.with brownish H.; Sti.light lg., limb oblique; Ov. 3^1 mm lg., bent at a right-
green. angle; Tu. slightly curving, light orange; Sep.
The Tu.is lighter purple towards the upper part, carmine to orange; Pet.somewhat darker; nectary
otherwise the colours are as in the type; the An. closed, as by a membrane, by the basal union of the
are also deep purple. filaments.—Bolivia (in the S. ?). Further spec, of
Cleistocactus found by Ritter, some named, some
I C. villazuensis (FR 1296): no description available. only with numbers: previous experience has shown
that these new introductions merit the attention of
C. viridialabastriCard.-C. & S. J. (US). XXXV: collectors:
6, 201. 1963. C. albisetus Ritt. (FR 820): “with white Br.-
Bo. to 60 cm h.; St.to 4.5 cm 0, pale green; Ri.c. Sp.”;
19, 4 mm h., 5 mm br., furrowed; Ar. 6 mm apart, C. ipotanus Ritt. (FR 829): FI.green;
elliptical, 4 mm lg., brownish-grey; Rsp. 8-9, 2-10 C. margaritanus Ritt. (FR 842): FI. less zygo­
mm lg.; Csp. 1, pointing downwards, 1.5 cm lg.; Sp. morphic than C. chacoanus;
all acicular, yellow, becoming greyish-white; buds C. otuyensis Ritt. (FR 1002): resembles C.
pale green, with white H.; FI. 4 cm lg., tapering buchtienii, but has dense, long, yellow Sp.;
conically above, pale green below, pink at midway C. pilcomayoensis Ritt. (FR 825): nothing
and green above; Tu. purplish-pink, with pale further known;
green Sc. and soft white H.;Ov.with pale green Sc. C. sotomayorensis Ritt. (FR 824): “Sp. dense,
and short white H.; Sep. emerald-green; Pet. yellow to red” ;
emerald-green; Fil.white; An. brown; stylewhite C. spec. (FR 358): St.c. 4-5.5 cm 0; Ri.c. 16;
below, greenish above; Sti. green; Fr. 2 cm 0, Ar.brownish-grey at first; Sp.9-11, 3-6 mm lg.;
reddish, with pale yellowish-green Sc. and white Csp. 1, to 1.6 cm lg., all dull yellowish-brown to
H.; S. 1.2 mm lg., dark brown.—Bolivia (Gran reddish; FI. carmine (Ritter).—Bolivia (Mat-
Chaco, Dept. Tarija, on the road Villamontes- aral).
Palos Blancos, 600 m).
Clistanthocereus Backbg. (67)
C. viridiflorusBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 5.
1963. Tree-like Cerei, or shrubby and forming dense
Bo. to 1.6 m h.; St. c. 2.2 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 12; Ar. thickets; ribs very tuberculate, flowers stout,
brownish; Sp.yellowish; Rsp.c. 15-18,to 1cm lg., straight, hairy, with fairly straight limbs. Among
thin; Csp.scarcely recognisable, to 2.2cm lg.; FI.c. the genera of Loxanthocerei, this genus includes
100
 CLISTANTHOCEREUS—COCHEMIEA

:he tallest-growing plants and the largest flowers. Rsp.c. 10,7-15 mm lg., with reddish-brown flecks;
The perianth is not funnelform. The fruits are Csp. mostly 1, subulate; FI. red, Sc. fleshy; Tu.
considerably larger than in Cleistocactus and stout, it and the limb straight; Fr. yellow, with
Loxanthocereus (here “relatively small”, Rauh).— scutate Sc., pulp drying up.—Northern Central
Distribution: Northern part of Central Peru. [(R).] Peru (Churin-Oyon, on the Rio Huaura). (Fig. 62.)

C. calviflorus(Ritt.) Backbg. n.comb. (Borzicactus

calviflorus Ritt., “Taxon”, XIII: 3,118. 1964). Cochemiea (K. Brand.) Walt. (233)
Bo. shrubby, resembling C. fieldianus; St. some­
what more slender, to 6 cm 0 ; Ri. 6-10, rarely Plants with cylindric stems, forming dense col­
to 16; Sp.yellowish to reddish-brown; Rsp. 10-12, onies, sometimes of great size. Without milky sap,
more slender; Csp. 1, rather stout, sometimes also without furrows on the tubercles. Flowers borne
2-3 shorter and thinner Sp.; FI. only 1.5 cm when towards the apex, zygomorphic, with a fairly long
fully expanded; Pet. with a carmine centre and a tube. Except for one species, all have hooked
■ dlow border, sometimes crimson; Tu. weakly spines. All grow well although sometimes only
-hite-haired or glabrous; Ov. similarly; Fr.to 3.5 slowly (C. halei); flowers only borne on rather
cm lg., orange or reddish, sparsely white-haired to older stems. Fruits clavate or spherical berries, red,
riabrous; S.2 mm lg., black, slightly glossy.—Peru inside similarly as far as is known; seeds matt
iDept. Ancash, Chavin) (FR 1068). The nectary black, finely pitted.—Distribution: Mexico (Baja
has a ring of dense wool. On the basis of Ritter’s California and some of the offshore islands). [(R).]
comparative data with C. fieldianus, and the flower
with its clearly straight limb and rather narrow C. halei(K. Brand.) Walt. (T.)
:pening, the spec, should be referred to this genus Bo. to 50 cm h., forming groups; St.to 7.5 cm 0 ,
rather than Borzicactus). fairly firm; Tub. short; Ax. woolly at first; Rsp.
10-20, straight, stiff, to 1.5 cm lg.; Csp. 3-4 (-6), to
C. fieldianus(Br. & R.) Backbg. (T.) 3.5 cm lg., straight, very stiff, stout; Sp. reddish-
Bo. shrubby to ± tree-like; St. to 6 m lg., erect, brown at first, then yellowish, finally grey; FI.4-5
pendant or even prostrate, to 8 cm 0 ; Ri.to 6, with cm lg., scarlet; Fr. 1.2 cm lg.—Mexico (Baja
large oblong Tub.; Ar. large; Sp. at first only c. 5, California, Magdalena Is. etc.).
grey, brownish-tipped, c.'l cm lg.; Csp. eventually
2-3, stout, to 4 cm lg. (on old St. possibly up to 11 C. maritima Linds.
whitish Rsp., and 1-3 Csp. to 4 cm lg.); FI.crimson, Bo. 50 cm h., forming colonies to 1 m br.; R.
with the limb projecting horizontally; Tu. 1.8 cm thickened; St. erect, prostrate or sometimes
0 , with brown H.; Ov. hairy, red; Fr.spherical, 4 curving upwards, 3-7 cm 0 , pruinose, bluish-
cm 0 . —Northern Central Peru (E. of Huaraz). green; Tub. ± conical; Ar. grey; Rsp. 10-15,
acicular, 1cm lg.; Csp. 4,acicular, the lowest one
C. samnensis (Ritt.) Backbg. n.comb. (Borzicactus hooked, to 5cm lg.; Sp.all reddish-brown; FI.3 cm
samnensis Ritt., “Taxon”, XIII: 3, 118. 1964). lg., scarlet, Pet. revolute; Fr. spherical, red.—
Bo. ± as C. fieldianus; St.somewhat more slender, Mexico (Baja California, Punta Blanca).
c. 5-7 cm 0 ; Ri. 6-9; Sp. yellowish to reddish-
brown, with 1 Csp. to 8 cm lg., sometimes also 1-3 C.pondii(Greene) Walt.
ihorter subsidiary Sp.; FI.straight-limbed, to only Bo.to 7 cm h., 3 cm 0 , little branching; Ax. bristly;
" mm 0 , violet-purple; Tu. with black H .; Fr. to Rsp. 15-25; Csp. 8-11, to 3 cm lg., 1-2 of these
3.5 cm lg., yellow or yellowish-green; S.1.8 mm lg., hooked; Sp. crowded, the radials whitish or
dark.—Peru (Dept. Cajamarca [Zangal] to Dept. brownish, the centrals darker; FI. 5 cm lg., light
Ancash [Pariacoto]); type-locality: Samne (Dept. scarlet; Fr.thick-clavate, purplish-red, 1.8 cm lg. —
La Libertad) (FR 304). The nectary lacks any hair- Mexico (Baja California, Cedros Is. etc.)
development. This spec., for the same reasons as C.
calviflorus, must be referred to this genus, whose C. poselgeri(Hildm.) Br. & R.
name clearly speaks for itself. It is interesting to Bo. to 2 m lg., erect at first, later prostrate or
note the variability of the flower’s indumentum, or pendant, forming large colonies; St.bluish-green,
the marked degree of reduction in the previously becoming greyish-green, to 4 cm 0 ; Ax. with white
mentioned spec. wool and sometimes Br.; Ar. at first quite strongly
woolly; Rsp. 7-9, stiff, to 1.5 cm lg., at first straw-
C.tessellatus(Akers & Buin.) Backbg. coloured, dark yellow or red; Csp. 1, to 3 cm lg.,
Bo. tree-like, to 1.8 m h.; St.robust; Ri. 5-6, with stouter, dark to blackish, + hooked; FI. 3 cm lg.,
elongated 6-sided Tub. and transverse furrows; glossy, scarlet; Fr.spherical, 6-8 mm 0 . —Mexico

101
COCHEMIEA-COLEOCEPHALOCEREUS

(Baja California, Cape region). (Fig. 63.) greyish-yellow, finally to 3 cm lg., flexible; Ceph.
eventually longer-decurrent, wool whitish; FI.
C.setispina(Coult.) Walt. 5.5-7 cm lg., smooth, + longitudinally grooved;
Bo. to 30cm h., forming dense groups; St. to 4 cm Sep.pale pink; Pet.whitish; Fr.2-3 cm lg.—Brazil
0 , light greyish-green; Tub.somewhat conical; Ar. (Rio de Janeiro, Niteroy). (Fig. 64.)
white; Ax. with white wool; Rsp. 9-12, acicular,
milky-white, ± dark-tipped, to 2cm lg.; Csp. 1-3, C. goebelianus (Vpl.) Ritt. n.comb. (Kakt, u. a.
colour similar to Rsp., the one hooked Sp. longest; Sukk.,16: 3, 61. 1965, Winter’s plant-list).
FI. 5.4 cm lg., brilliant crimson; Fr. clavate, dark Bo. to 2 m h., c. 6 cm 0; Ri. 10; Ar. shortly felty,
red, to 1.7 cm lg.—Mexico (Baja California, San soon glabrous; Sp. 10-12, acicular, thin, brown, to
Borgia). 1 cm lg.; Ceph. on one side, extending to 20 cm
downwards, 1.5 cm h., densely woolly, with
projecting Br.; FI.c. 5 cm lg., bellshaped; Ov. c. 1
Coleocephalocereus Backbg. (184) cm br., 0.4 cm h., thick-walled; Pet.short.—Brazil
(Central Bahia, Serra das Almas, Rio de Contas
Only moderately tall Cerei, growing in part on area). Since this spec, has not yet been definitely
steep hillsides. The most distinctive character lies in classified, I will here accept Ritter’s name-change.
the cephalium, its dense wool interspersed with While it is not, acc. Werdermann, differentiated
longer bristles, which is sunk in a kind of groove from A. purpureus, I have already stated the
and later + depressed. The flowers, borne in the differences in "Die Cact.” IV, 2497. 1960. Possibly
uppermost section of the cephalium, are naked, A. purpureus will also have to be referred to this
with the outer perianth segments recurved and the genus, but at the present time too little is known as
inner ones more erect and only slightly recurved; to whether or not the cephalium is sunken. In C.
the red lidded fruits are smooth and top-shaped, goebelianus, acc. to Ritter’s name-change, this
the seeds black.—Distribution: Brazil (near Rio de character should be present. (See next spec.)
Janeiro, and in Bahia). [(R) (G), cold-sensitive.]
C. pachystele Ritt. 1968 (FR 1234) (synonymous
C. aureus Ritt. (FR 1341) is a still undescribed spec, with C. goebelianus Gurke; incorrectly named
of Ritter’s: “Bo. 40 cm h.; Sp. long, weak, Austrocephalocereus purpureus by Werdermann).
contorted, brown at first, soon becoming golden- Bo. columnar, to 6 m h., sometimes branching,
yellow.” 7-12 cm thick, green; Ri. 14-27, 8-13 mm h.,
notched above the Ar.; Ar. 2.5-5 mm 0, 4-10 mm
C. brevicylindricus: on the basis of data from W. apart, weakly white-felty; Sp. flexible, yellowish,
Andreae this is Buiningiabrevicylindrica. reddish-brown below, Csp. brown-tipped; Ceph.
very extensive, of dense white wool; FI.40-55 mm
C. decumbens Ritt. (FR 1340) lg., 25-28 mm 0, nocturnal, white, with pink Sc.
Bo. forming bushes with the main St. long, in part outside; Fil.and stylewhite; Fr. 14-20 mm lg. and
erect, 1-3 m lg., 3.5-7 cm thick, soft, greyish-green, 0, purplish-red, white below; S. 1.5 mm lg., black,
with prostrate and creeping branches; Ri. 5-13, matt.—Brazil (Bahia, Urandi and other localities
obtuse, ± tuberculate; Ar. round, c. 3 mm 0, in S. Bahia).
white-felty, 6-12 mm apart; Sp. 3-8, 1-4 cm lg.,
black, greying; Ceph.lateral, consisting of skeins of C.paulensisRitt. 1968 (FR 1352)
dense white wool and black-brown Br.; FI. Bo. to 1 m h., offsetting from the base, St.to c. 2 m
nocturnal, 40-45 mm lg., c. 3 cm 0, opening lg., older parts prostrate, 5-9 cm thick, grass-green;
widely; Fil. pale yellow, An. cream, style whitish Ri. 9-13, obtuse, scarcely tuberculate; Ar. round,
with pale yellow Sti.; Fr. scarlet; S. black, matt, 1-2 mm 0, white-woolly, 5-7 mm apart; Sp. pale
finely tuberculate.—Brazil (in the NE. of Minas golden-yellow, straight, c. 6, the stoutest one
Geraes, near Agua Vermelha; found by Ritter in directed downwards, 10— 25 mm lg.; Ceph. lateral,
1965). consisting of skeins of dense white wool inter­
spersed with light golden-yellow straight Br.; FI.
C. flavisetus (FR 1339): no description available. nocturnal, scented, 6 cm lg., c. 4 cm 0 ; Sep. c. 20
mm lg., obtuse above, notched at midway,
C. fluminensis(Miqu.) Backbg. (T.) purplish-pink, bordered paler; Pet.15 mm lg., 6 mm
Bo. to 2 m lg., to 10 cm 0; St.dark green, curving br., tapering above, white; Fr.purple, top-shaped,
upwards and then erect; Ri. 10-17, eventually to smooth, glossy; S. 1.5 mm lg., black, matt, finely
1.5 cm h.; Ar. white; Rsp. 2-3 at first, later 4—7; tuberculate.—-Brazil (Sao Paulo, Ilhabela Island).
Csp. 1; flowering St. have 2-10 stouter Sp., with
2^1 small Sp. in the upper part of the Ar., all light to C. pleurocarpus (FR 1227): no description avail-
102
 COLEOCEPHALOCEREUS-CONSOLEA

able. Acc. Burning = Cipocereuspleurocarpus. Consolea the latter is missing and the terminal
shoots resemble the thicker flat-shoots of the
C. pluricostatusBuin. & Bred. Opuntias, but they are oblong, irregular in outline,
Bo. erect, offsetting from the base, to 3.5 m lg., to 9 with one margin more curving than the other; these
cm 0 ; Ri.20-25, more at the Ceph., c. 5 mm h.,1 terminal shoots are mostly arranged with the
cm apart, with a furrow over the Ar.; Ceph. very margins to top and bottom, the upper one being
long, 6 cm br. and extending over c. 7 Ri., with straighter. Between these terminal shoots and the
yellow, brown or blackish-brown, dense Br.; Ar. trunk-like growths there are other longer-
round, 2 mm 0 , grey-felty, becoming glabrous; Sp. continuous, and mostly narrower, intermediate
thin, straight, yellowish; Rsp. 5, one directed shoots which are sometimes more strongly spined.
downwards, c. 11 mm lg., upper ones shorter; Csp. Spination is very variable, in part absent on the
1. c. 6 mm lg.; FI.funnelform-bellshaped, c. 26 mm terminal shoots, or more numerous and very sharp.
lg. and 15 mm 0 ; Ov.covered with white, reddish- The flowers are relatively small but have a longer
::pped Sc.; Sep. coloured similarly; Pet. white, and sometimes ± flat ovary into which the
apiculate; Fil.white; An.cream; stylewhite, with 6 perianth is recessed while the seed-cavity is
cream Sti.; Fr.glossy, reddish, glabrous; S.with a sometimes at midway, sometimes a little higher.
yellow-ochre hilum and black testa.—Brazil Seeds appear always to be few in number or
Minas Geraes, on bare mountain-slopes at c. 300 sometimes even missing. Since the ovaries root on
m). Found by A. F. FI. Burning and L. Florst. falling, propagation is quicker than when the
plants develop from seeds. In some plants the ovary
is bent in the same way as the terminal shoots.
Coloradoa Boiss. & Davids. (198) Some species can be seen as quite mature specimens
in S. Europe.—Distribution: Antilles, Keys of
Spherical plants, mostly solitary, rarely offsetting. Florida. [(R).]
Ribs tuberculate. Flowers bellshaped to funnel-
form, rather short, relatively small, borne C. corallicolaSmall
around the crown; they and the fruit are glabrous; Bo. to 2 m h.; trunkterete; shootsto 30 cm lg.; Ar.
the fruit, with persistent floral remains, splits open crowded; L. ± completely reduced; Sp. 5-9,
irregularly. The plants are rare; in habitat they are bristly, thin, one much longer, to 12 cm lg., all
often eaten by maggots, and they are susceptible to salmon-coloured at first, soon becoming grey; FI.
dry-rot, while few survive for long in cultivation. 1 numerous, red; Ov. rather flattened.—USA (Keys
species, first described in 1940.—Distribution: of Florida).
USA (SW. Colorado; New Mexico). [(G),
C. falcata(Ekm. & Werd.) Knuth
C. mesae-verdaeBoiss. & Davids. (T.) Bo. to 1.5 m h.; shoots to 35 cm lg., 9 cm br., +
Bo. spherical to oblong, to 8 cm h., 6 cm 0 ; Ri. sickle-shaped; Sp.2-8, 1-4 cm lg., acicular, rough;
13—17; Ar.brownish; Rsp. 8-10, c. 1cm lg., cream- FI.reddish; Ov. 2.5-3 cm lg., to 1.8 cm 0 ; Fr.and
coloured, reddish or brown at the base; Csp.mostly S.unknown.—Haiti (NW. peninsula).
absent or 1,1 cm lg., subulate, grey, dark-tipped, ±
straight; FI. 3.5 cm lg. and br.; Sep. brownish- C.macracantha (Griseb.) Britt.
purple, with a white border; Pet. cream-coloured Bo. over 3 m h., strongly branching; trunkto 15 cm
to yellowish, with a brownish M.-stripe, throat 0 ; shoots oblong, slightly glossy, green; Glo.
green; S. 4 mm lg.—USA (SW. Colorado, Mesa- brown; Sp. on the trunk to 15cm lg., those on the
Verde Plateau; New Mexico, Shiprock). (Fig. 65.) shoots 1-4, ± white, stiff, subulate, but sometimes
completely absent; FI.orange-yellow; Ov. to 3 cm
lg.—Cuba (predominant among the trees of S. and
Consolea Lem. (16) E. coastal plains).

Tree-like plants, sometimes with several main C. millspaughii(Britt.) Britt.

>tems which are continuous, mostly not completely Bo. to 60 cm h.; trunk 7 cm 0 below; shoots
terete as in Brasiliopuntia, which it somewhat narrow-oblong, to 40 cm lg., to 10 cm br., light
resembles in habit, but at least + flattened in the green, terminal shoots shorter; Glo. yellowish-
upper part. Trunk-like and continuous primary brown ; Sp. on the trunk to 15 cm lg., very dense,
growths are unique to these two genera, and are otherwise fewer and shorter, or only on the margin
thus a diagnostic character. However while the of the terminal shoots, purple at first; FI.carmine,
terminal shoots of Brasiliopuntia differ from limb 1 cm br.; Pet. erect; Fr.compressed-ovoid, 2
Opuntia in their blade-like form, and the flowers cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , bearing Ar. with 1-2 yellowish-
have hair-development of staminodial type, in brown Sp.; Fr. ?—Cuba; Bahamas.
103
CONSOLEA—COPIAPOA

C. moniliformis(L.) Britt. sometimes variations in number, length and

Bo. to 6 m h.; trunk becoming thick, densely set position of the spines. It would seem that within the
with Sp. to 12 cm lg.; shootsto 30 cm lg., to 13 cm relatively restricted area of Chile there must once
br.; Sp. at first 3-6, 1-2.5 cm lg., eventually 5-8, have been quite a small number of ancestral species
young growth with 1-3 or none, all yellowish; Glo. which, in the course of time, hybridised and gave
to 8 mm lg., brownish; FI. 2.5 cm br., yellow to rise to transitional forms, thus making the de­
orange, to 5 cm lg.—Hispaniola and Desecheo Is. limitation of species an often difficult task. In some
cases (e.g. C. krainziana) widely differing forms
C. nashii(Britt.) Britt. occur in any sowing from seed, even the spine-
Bo.to 4 m h., with several main trunks; trunkto 12 characters varying widely, while even in the wild
cm 0 ; shoots to over 1 m lg., 6 cm br., terminal those species with more conspicuously grey bodies
shoots to 30 cm lg., to 8 cm br., matt green; Sp. produce seedlings where the bodies are true green.
(2— )5, to 6 cm lg., spreading, thin, straight, sharp, It is therefore not possible to indicate more than the
light grey; Glo.brownish, very small; FI.c. 4 cm lg., principal forms in the following descriptions. It
1.5 cm br., red; Ov. 3 cm lg., ± clavate, spiny; Fr. seems likely that all the known species have not yet
?—Bahamas. been described, including a number of Ritter’s
plants, since he has been responsible for most of the
C. rubescens(SD.) Lem. new species. In some instances they are already in
Bo. to 6 m h.; trunk to 15 cm 0, Sp. absent or cultivation as larger plants, but not all have
numerous, to 8 cm lg.; shootsto 25 cm lg., terminal flowered; others have proved to be very floriferous
shoots thin, flat, mostly dark green, also red (or once a certain size has been reached. Other known
reddish-green) (ecotypes); Sp. missing, or several to plants show a very different habit when raised from
6 cm lg., almost white; FI.over 5 cm lg., c. 2 cm br., seed, and this adds to the problems of identifi­
yellow, orange or red (also changing colour during cation. The flowers are fairly large to conspicuous,
anthesis); Ov. tuberculate, variable in length; Fr. more or less yellow, apart from one species with
reddish, ovoid to spherical, to 8 cm 0 , those reputedly ± red flowers; in a number of cases the
without S. remaining ± flat and similar to the Ov. flowers are perfumed; all have a very short tube.
in shape; S. + round, 6-8 mm lg., hairy;—W. The fruits mostly split open above, leaving a gaping
Indies (Fig. 66.) The + red-colour of some plants tear, so that ants are able to carry off the seeds and
sometimes changes to green in cultivation in their fleshy funicles. One example of the difficulties
Europe. of classification is that species which become
columnar with age may sometimes have varieties
C. spinosissima(Mill.) Lem. which form clumps; these different forms must
Bo.to 5 m h.; trunkto 20 cm 0 ; shoots2-4 times as therefore result from only minor modifications of
lg. as br., dull to light green; Glo. brownish; Sp. hereditary factors. The genus well deserves a place
dense on the trunk, to 8 cm lg. and stouter, 1-3 on in collections on account of the wide range of
the shoots, straw-coloured to whitish, to 8 cm lg., variation as well as the beauty of body and
red at the base, sometimes missing; FI. yellow, spination, added to which all the known species
turning red; Ov. to 8 cm lg.—Jamaica. grow very well; they may indeed be faster-growing
when grafted, but do no less well on their own
roots.—Distribution: N. to Central Chile. [(R)
Copiapoa Br. & R. (129) (G).]
One of the most interesting genera of spherical C. alticostata Ritt.—“Taxon”, XII: 1, 29. 1963;
cacti, with two different growth-forms: some distinguished from C. cuprea as follows:
species spherical, offsetting or forming cushions, Bo.20-40 cm h., green, forming clusters to 1 m br.;
others becoming cereoid when old, to over 1 m Ri. prominent; Ar. 8-13 mm 0 ; Sp. similar to C.
high, also offsetting. Whereas the latter only flower cuprea but brown; Csp. present even at first, later
after attaining a considerable size, the smaller up to 4; Fr. green.—Chile (Freirina, N. of
spherical species bear flowers when still quite small, Nicolasa) (FR 717).
some of these flowers quite large. Some species are
relatively dwarf, some have considerably thickened C. applanataBackbg.
roots. The colouring of spination and body shows Bo. broadly spherical, light green, to 10 cm 0,
wide differences. Plants may be floury-white, oil- offsetting; cranial wool creamy-white, to 3.5 cm
green, grey, or green of different tints, ± flushed br.; Ri.to 21; Rsp. 7-8, 1-1.5 cm lg.; Csp. 0—1, to
brownish or entirely brown(-grey). The spines may 1.75 cm lg.; Sp. all whitish-grey, dark-tipped at
be of any colour from black through brown to first; FI. ?—Chile. May vary in having a smaller
white, while within individual species there are number of Ri. and individual longer Csp.
104
 COPIAPOA

C.barquitensisRitt. (undescribed) C. castaneaRitt. (not described)

Similar to C. hypogea with tuberculate Ri.; Bo. broadly spherical; Ri. numerous, tuberculate
somewhat variable in epidermis-colour, offsetting; near the Ar.; Rsp. 8 ;Csp. 1, porrect; Sp.chestnut-
Sp. thin ;Ar. less sunken.—Chile (found further S. brown above at first, lighter at the base, becoming
than C. hypogea, Chanaral?). whitish.—Chile. The Bo.-colour is more dirty-
brown than chestnut-coloured.
C.bridgesii(Pfeiff.) Backbg.
Bo. becoming oblong; Ri. 10, broad, obtuse; Ar. C. chanaralensisRitt. (not described)
crowded, large, oval, brownish-white; Rsp. 7, Bo. broadly spherical, olive-greenish; Ri. numer­
radiating; Csp. 1, longer, to over 3 cm lg.; FI. ous, less tuberculate than the preceding; apical
smaller; Sep. greenish-yellow; Pet. sulphur- wool white (in seedlings); Rsp. 8; Csp. 1; Sp.
yellow; Fil.and An.yellow; Tu.woolly(?).—Chile. brownish at first, then lightening, brown-tipped;
Unless there has been some rather unlikely error, FI. ?—Chile (Chanaral). (Fig. 67.)
Riimpler’s statement that the “tube is woolly’’ may
mean that this plant belonged to Pilocopiapoa, in C. cinerascens(SD.) Br. & R.
vhich the flower-colour (P. Solaris) is variable. All Bo. "spherical” (?becoming elongated), individual
the other characters given above would be appro­ St.to 8 cm 0, green; apical woolgreyish-white; Ri.
priate, with the exception of the solitary Csp. (2-5 20-21, swollen around the Ar.; Rsp. 8, mostly to
in Pilocopiapoa). However, the variable number of 1.2 cm lg.; Csp. 1(— 2), to 2.5 cm lg., stouter; Sp.
centrals in Pilocopiapoa leads one to assume that stiff, yellowish to chestnut-brown, becoming grey;
cultivated plants perhaps only produce one central. Sep. often recurved; Pet. yellow, lanceolate, ±
The identity of P. Solaris and C. bridgesii could denticulate.—Chile (coast of Copiapo).
: nly be established by comparing a population of
P. Solaris raised from seed with Riimpler’s above C. cinerea(Phil.) Br. & R. (T.)
description of C. bridgesii. Bo. at first spherical, becoming elongated and
columnar, to 1.3 m h., single heads to over 10 cm
C. brunnescens Backbg. (described without Latin 0 ; apical wool whitish-grey; St.chalky white; Ri.
diagnosis). 14-30, transversely indented, scarcely thickened
Bo. broadly spherical, brown; crown densely around the Ar.; Sp. variable, one in the type, to
woolly; Ri. divided into ± circular Tub.; Sp. several, subulate to stoutly subulate, black, some­
mostly 6, spreading, stoutly subulate, dark to times 1-7 Rsp. to 2 cm lg., 1-2 Csp. to 3.5 cm lg.;
blackish above, yellow at first below.—Chile. FI. to 3.5 cm lg. and br., pure yellow, more reddish-
yellow outside; stylecream, tinged pink; S. glossy
C. calderanaRitt. black.—Chile (Paposo, Taltal to Cobre).
Bo. solitary, hemispherical, later elongated, to 10 v. albispina Ritt.—“Taxon”, XII: 1, 30. 1963:
cm 0, greyish-green, not pruinose; Ri. 10-17;Ar. Bo. smaller than in the T., brownish as far as I
grey, later black, 5 mm 0 ;Rsp. 5-7, to 15 mm lg. ; could observe; Ri. 12-21; Rsp. 0-6, pale
Csp. 1(—2), to 3 cm lg.; Sp. brown to black, brownish or white, 2-5 cm lg., straight or slightly
becoming grey; FI.3-3.5 cm lg., 3 cm br., scented; curving.—Chile, N. of Taltal (FR 207a).
Fr. pale green, reddish above, to 15 mm lg.; S. v. columna-alba (Ritt.) Backbg.: Bo. simple,
glossy black.—Chile (coast of Caldera). Appears to columnar, to 75 cm h., to 20 cm 0, chalky-
be very variable. white ; apex flat, with grey to orange felt, without
Sp.; Ri.27^17, obtuse, 1 cm br., thickened below
C. carrizalensisRitt. the Ar.; Ar. sunken, 2-5 mm thick, 4-8 mm
Bo. becoming oblong, offsetting, forming groups to apart, with orange wool which is later grey; Sp.
1 m h., individual St. to 12 cm 0 ; apical wool yellowish-brown to black; Rsp. 4—5, thin, 5-8
brown to orange ; R.not napiform ; Ri. 15-24, to 10 mm lg., curving; Csp. 1-3, straight, 1-2 cm lg.;
mm h. ; Ar.brownish-orange at first ; Rsp.4-7, to 3 FI.funnelform, 2-3 cm lg.; Tu. pale yellow with
cm lg., fairly straight; Csp. 0-1. to 4 cm lg.; Sp. red-tipped Sc.; stylepale yellow, 2 cm lg., with 10
black or brown; FI. 2.7 cm lg., 3 cm br., not deep yellow Sti.; Pet. pale yellow; Fr. spherical
scented ; Pet. sometimes golden-yellow, otherwise to ovoid; S. glossy black.—Chile (coastal zone
lighter; Fr. 1.5 cm lg., green to brownish-red ; S. about lat. 26° S.
glossy black.—Chile (Carrizal Bajo, coast). v. dealbata (Ritt.) Backbg.: Bo. forming hemi­
Perhaps referable to C. malletiana. spherical clumps, single heads 6-12 cm 0 ;
v. gigantea Ritt. : Bo. forming large colonies crown with greyish-white felt; Ri.21-33, weakly
to 1 m h., 2 m across; Rsp. 3-6, mostly 4, 2.5 cm tuberculate; Ar. 5-7 mm lg., 10—15 mm apart,
lg., more projecting; Csp. absent or 1, similar to sunken, grey-felty; Sp. mostly 1, straight, stiff,
Rsp.—N. Chile, N. of Carrizal Bajo (FR 508a). 2-5 cm lg., sometimes with 1-3 smaller Sp..; FI.

105
 COPIAPOA

funnelform, 3.5 cm lg. and 0 ; stylepale yellow, white; Rsp. 7-9, straight or slightly curving; Csp.
to 3 mm lg.; Pet.pale yellow, weakly acute; Sep. mostly 3, more rarely 1-2, straight, 1-3 cm lg., to 2
brown-reddish in the middle outside; Fr.spheri­ mm thick below; FI. 4 cm lg., sulphur-yellow,
cal, greenish-white, suffused reddish; S. black, scented; Ov. whitish, with reddish Sc.; Fr. pale
tuberculate.—Chile (coastal zonec. lat. 28° S.). green, slightly brownish above; S. 2 mm lg.,
The above varieties are also chalky white, minutely tuberculate, with a large white hilum.—
v. flavescens Backbg.: v. columna-alba (Ritt.) N. Chile (E. of Totoral) (FR 546). Seedling plants
Backbg. have shown that the original description is not
always applicable; their Ri. are often very tuber­
C. coquimbana (Karw.) Br. & R. culate, at least initially, the epidermis has light
Bo.spherical, offsetting to form large groups to 1m spots, the Bo. is also subspherical, the large Ar. are
across, single heads to 10 cm 0 ; R. fibrous; Ri. white; the Sp. are stoutly acicular, yellow at the
10- 17, distinctly tuberculate; Rsp. 8-10, rather base, then at first with an orange zone, and black
thin; Csp. 1-2, stouter; Sp. black to grey; FI. towards the tip.
bellshaped, to 3 cm lg.; Pet. yellow, obtuse to
rounded.—Chile (Coquimbo, La Serena etc.). C. echinataRitt.
v. wagenknechtii Ritt.—“Taxon”, XII: 1, 30. Bo. flattened-hemispherical, scarcely offsetting, to
1963: R. shortly cylindric; Ri. sap-green, re­ 10 cm 0 , greyish-green, with dense Sp.; R. with a
solved into narrowly connected, stout, + neck-like constriction, hard, napiform; Ri. 13-21,
circular Tub.; Sp. 6-7(-8), to 4 cm lg., black, ± obtuse, thickened over the Ar.; Rsp. 7-12, 5-15
lighter at the foot, thick-subulate, stouter than in mm lg.; Csp. 4-10, 1.5-4 cm lg.; Sp. black at first,
the T.; Csp. sometimes 1, curving upwards; FI. then grey, straight; FI. to 2.75 cm lg., 3 cm 0 ,
larger, 4-5.5 cm 0 . —Chile (El Tambo, Elqui yellow; Fr. pale green, 1 cm 0 , with brownish-
valley) (FR 718, at first accorded specific rank). green Sc.; S. glossy black.—Chile (Carrizal Bajo,
Description completed by me, from seed-grown on coastal cliffs).
plants. (Fig. 72.) v. borealis Ritt. has stouter Sp.;Rsp. only 6-9,
1-2 cm lg.; Csp. only 3-6.—Chile (S. of Monte
C. cupreaRitt. Amargo).
Bo. mostly simple, sometimes offsetting, green or
tinged brown, to 20cm h„ to 18cm 0 ; apical wool C. echinoides(Lem.) Br. & R.
grey ;Ri. 11-17, to 2 cm h., 2-3 cm br.; Ar. to 1cm Bo. more broadly spherical at first, greyish-green;
0 , brown; Rsp. 6-10, to 2.5cm lg.; Csp. 0-1, very Ri. c. 13-14, somewhat thickened around the Ar.,
stout, to 5cm lg.; Sp. stiff, rough, black, becoming becoming flatter; Rsp.5-7, ± straight; Csp. 1,3 cm
grey; FI. to 4 cm lg., to 3 cm 0 , scented, pale lg.; Sp. dark at first, soon becoming grey; FI.pale
yellow; Sep. with a carmine M.-stripe; Fr. 1.5cm yellow; Sep. reddish; Pet. broadly oblong, with a
lg., carmine, with red Sc.; S. ± matt black.—Chile red dorsal M.-stripe.—Chile (Antofagasta).
(northern coastal Cordillera, 28°25'lat. S.).
C. eremophila Ritt., not described; at the seedling-
C. cupreata(Pos.) Backbg. stage it resembles C. gigantea; Bo.olive-green, with
Bo. spherical, dark brown; Ri. divided into the Rsp. and Csp. more horn-coloured; Ri.-count
rhombic Tub. 5 mm h., the angles somewhat similar. Perhaps a form?
rounded, with a nose-like projection; Ar. whitish-
grey, depressed; Sp. (5—)6, 1-2 cm lg., upper ones I C. esmeraldana Ritt. (FR 1457): no description
shorter, curving, brownish-black above, yellowish I available.
below;FI. ?—Chile.
C. ferox Lembcke & Backbg.
C. desertorumRitt. (not described) Bo. spherical at first, then elongated, pale greyish-
Bo.broadly spherical, at first quite strongly sunken green, offsetting, single heads to 15 cm h., to 10 cm
in the soil, dark in colour as are the 4-5 relatively 0 , later with a grey coating; R.stout; Ri.8, c. 2 cm
short Sp. which are thickened at the base, and h.; Ar. large, pale grey; Rsp. c. 10, to 3.2 cm lg.,
lighten in colour from blackish to brownish- stout; Csp.to 3, to 5 cm lg., rigid, even stouter; Sp.
grey.—Chile. at first pale horn-coloured, later dirty greyish-black
to yellowish-grey, sometimes with reddish marks;
C. dura Ritt.—“Taxon", XII: 1, 31.1963. FI- ?—Chile (Blanco Encalado, S. of Antofagasta).
Bo. oblong, to 12 cm lg., green, also brownish; Ri.
11- 15, to 15 mm h., rather obtuse, scarcely C. fiedleriana (K.Sch.) Backbg.: Copiapoa pep-
tuberculate; Ar. round, to 10 mm 0 , brown to inianav. fiedleriana(K.Sch.) Backbg.

106
 COPIAPOA

C. giganteaBackbg. same, and all Sp. are thin, with one central (this
Bo. to 1 m h., offsetting, individual heads to 20 cm being the longest, acc. my Fig. 3465), bristly, white,
0 , oil-green, fairly pruinose, not chalky-white; Csp. flexible, c. 2 cm lg.; it therefore most closely
apical woolreddish to yellowish-brown; Ri. 14-22; corresponds to the original description.
At.larger, becoming dark; Rsp. c. 7; Csp. 1-2; Sp. It is still not clear which plant should be considered
± equal, slightly curving, stout, horn-coloured at as the type for the spec, (since Philippi provided
first, dark-tipped; FI. yellow.—Chile (Pampa de neither an illustration nor a type-specimen), and
Antofagasta, above Paposo). which are to be regarded as a var. or a closely
Incorrectly regarded by Ritter as identical with C. related spec.
haseltoniana Backbg.
C. hypogaea Ritt.
C. grandifloraRitt.—“Taxon”, XIII: 1, 30. 1963. Bo.simple or branching dichotomously, small, to 4
Bo. larger than in C. mollicula, later offsetting very cm 0 , brownish-grey; R. thick, napiform; Ri.
freely; Ri. more numerous, higher; Ar. more 10-14, completely resolved into Tub.; Ar.sunken;
distant; Sp. longer, stouter, the centrals brownish Sp. 1-6 at first, 2^1 mm lg., later falling, blackish to
:o black, the radials grey and more appressed; FI. ash-grey; FI.2.2 cm lg., to 4 cm 0 , pale yellow; Fr.
larger, c. 3 cm lg., 5.5 cm 0 , pale yellow, red small, whitish; S. glossy black.—Chile (coast,
outside; Fr. larger, stouter, scalier, Sc. more Prov. Antofagasta).
obtuse.—N. Chile (Esmeralda) (FR 523). (Fig. 68.)
The comparative data are by Ritter. Because of the C.intermediaRitt. (not described)
\ ariability of the plants referred to, both these two Bo. broadly spherical, leaf-green to bluish-green;
species and C. montana (which also has large FI., Ri. divided into obtusely conical, spiralled Tub.;
more reddish on the outside) are not readily Rsp.fairly stout, radiating to projecting, c. 10; Csp.
distinguished, although in C. montana the apical in the bluish-green plants to c. 4, darker brown,
wool, which is brownish in habitat, can be white in reddish below, and in the leaf-green plants c. 1-2,
cultivated plants; this is fairly common in Copi- yellowish-brown at first, soon becoming whitish,
apoa. all Csp. only slightly stouter and longer; FI. ?—
Chile.
C. haseltonianaBackbg.
Bo. greyish-greenish to light grey, not pruinose, C. krainzianaRitt.—“Taxon”, XII: 1, 30. 1963.
branching from the base and the flanks; apical wool Bo.greyish-green, to 12 cm 0 , forming clumps to 1
brownish; Ar.large, to 9 mm 0 ; Sp. increasing in m br.; apical wool grey; Ri. 13-24, to 1.5 cm h.,
number, to c. 9, eventually pointing + down­ slightly notched; Ar.grey, to 6 mm 0 ; Sp.porrect,
wards; Csp. 0-1; Sp. yellowish; to 3 cm lg., thin, white to grey, ± bristly-fine, mostly curving;
sometimes darker-tipped; FI. yellow. The Ri. Rsp. 10-12, 1-2 cm lg.; Csp. 14-20, 2-3 cm lg.; FI.
sometimes eventually become quite flat.—Chile to 3.5 cm lg., yellow; Fr.yellow or red; S. 1.6 mm
N. of Taltal). There are spontaneous hybrids with lg., hilum brown.—N. Chile (Dept. Taltal, coastal
C. cinerea which are somewhat pruinose. mountains) (FR 210).
v. scopulina Ritt.—l.c. 31. 1963: Bo. little
C.humilis(Phil.) Hutch. offsetting, to 20 cm 0 ; Sp.stiff, brown or black;-
Text of first description: “Very small, depressed. ± Rsp. acicular; Csp. subulate.—N. Chile, same
spherical, 2.5 cm br., 2 cm h.; Ri. 10—12, tuber- locality (FR 209).
culate; Rsp. 10-12, bristly, spreading; Csp. 1, 2.2 The name: “bearing a small broom”, is little
cm lg.; FI. yellow, 2 cm lg.—Chile (Antofagasta, suited to the stiff Sp. which, in any event, are only
Paposo).” (Fig. 69.) sometimes present. The plant initially distri­
Nowadays 3 plants go under this name: Fig. 3465 buted as C. scopulina, sometimes as seed, had
:n "Die Cact.” Vol. VI: olive-greenish, sometimes rigid white Br.; it is a form of the type-species,
slightly reddish, Sp. bristly, fine (plant collected by the name being more appropriate to the latter.
Schäfer, Antofagasta, with a stout taproot); Fig.
3466, l.c.: a plant collected by Ritter, dark green or C. lembckeiBackbg.
deep green; Fig. 1845, “Die Cact.” Vol. Ill: plant Bo. spherical at first, becoming oblong, whitish to
collected by Hutchison which, in the light of greyish-green, to 15 cm lg. (and more?), to 10 cm
material seen in Buining’s collection (Hutchison 0 ; R. stout; Ri. 11, rounded; Ar. greyish-black
PH 405), is the darkest plant, with a + reddish (blackish when moist); Rsp.c. 7, to 13 mmlg.; Csp.
overlay, apparently also the smallest, with a large l,to2.2cmlg., ± porrect; Sp.all blackish to black
taproot, with the Ri. more, or sometimes less, at first, becoming grey to dirty yellowish and ±
tuberculate. grey-pruinose; FI. ?—Chile (N. of Caldera). May
The spine-count in each case is approximately the be identical with C. marginata sensu Ritt.
107
COPIAPOA

C. longispinaRitt.—“Taxon”, XII: 1, 31. 1963. Bo. flat to hemispherical, soft, greyish-green,

Bo.spherical, simple, greyish-green to blackish; Ri. solitary, to 7 cm 0 ; R. napiform, long, narrowing
13-16, 1 cm h.; Rsp. 6-10, 1.5-5 cm lg.; Csp. 1-2, above; apical woolwhite; Ri. 10-14, rather obtuse,
2.5-6 cm lg.; FI. 2.5-3.5 cm lg., pale yellow; Fr. scarcely tuberculate, c. 1 cm br.; Ar. to 4 mm 0 ,
spherical.—N. Chile (Sierra Hornillos, S. of white; Rsp. 5-9, acicular, straight, grey, 5-15 mm
Copiapo) (FR 505). (Fig. 70.) The description lg.; Csp. 1-3, stouter, 1-3 cm lg., brownish to
reputedly states the characters distinguishing it black; FI. to 3 cm lg., pale yellow; S. 1.2 mm lg.,
from C. humilis, but is too brief to make the plant hilum white.—N. Chile (N. of Chanaral airstrip)
recognisable, or to determine how far the spec, (FR 525).
differs from C. humilis and C. taltalensis of my Fig.
3466 and 3467 in “Die C'act.”, Vol. VI. C. moniana Ritt.
Bo. + broadly spherical, quite freely offsetting,
C.longistamineaRitt.—“Taxon”, XII: 1, 31. 1963. greyish-green, single heads to 20 cm h., 5-10 cm 0 ;
Bo. to 50 cm h., to 11(—15) cm 0 , greyish-green, Ri. 10-17, to 8 mm h., tuberculately thickened
rarely white; R. shortly napiform; Ri. 15-21; Ar. around the Ar.; Ar. to 1 cm 0 , brown to white
orange-yellow, to 6 mm apart; Sp.dark chestnut to (seedling-plants), crowded; Sp. equal, straight or
+ black; Rsp. 4-6, somewhat projecting, 1-3 cm ± slightly curving, brownish-red to black; Rsp.
lg.; Csp. 0-1; FI. to 2.5 cm lg., pale yellow, often 4—7; Csp. 1-3, to double the length of the Rsp.; FI.
brownish above; Fr.pale green; S. 1.2 mm lg.—N. fairly large, 4 cm lg., to 5.5 cm 0 , scented; Tu. 1.5
Chile (near Esmeralda) (FR 531). cm lg.; Pet.pale yellow; Fr.to 1.2 cm 0 , pale green
to red or brownish-red; S. glossy black.—Chile
C. malletiana(Lem.) Backbg. (Taltal area) (FR 522).
Bo. simple to offsetting from lower down, grey-
green, pruinose, becoming elongated, slow- C.multicolorhort.: said to orginate with Ritter but
growing; Ri. c. 15-17 (with sinuate longitudinal not in Winter’s catalogues: Plant broadly spheri­
furrows), thickened around the Ar.; Ar. ± sunken; cal, darker leaden-green; Ri.11, tuberculate, with a
Sp. 2-3, pointing ± downwards, to 3 cm lg., later flattened transverse furrow above the Ar.; Sp.
more numerous, all blackish at first; FI. ?—Chile. black at first, lighter at the base, soon concolorous
Description taken from mature plants in culti­ white, but faintly horn-coloured during the tran­
vation in Europe. The spec, appears to be as sition ; Rsp. to c. 10; Csp. to 3, somewhat stouter,
variable as C. cinerea (is C. carrizalensis Ritt. little longer, they and the Rsp. fairly short; FI.? An
referable here?); doubtless the Sp.-count, as is interesting plant which I saw in the collection of
usual, increases with age in this spec, also; the van Marie, Netherlands.
longest Sp. can also be regarded as a Csp.
C. olivana Ritt. (FR 1443): no description avail­
C. marginata(SD.) Br. & R. able.
Bo. becoming cylindric, to 60 cm lg., with several
heads, to 12 cm 0 , in part curving over and then C. pendulinaRitt.
ascending, dirty grey (to lighter green in cultivated Bo.becoming cylindric, to 2 m lg., offsetting, single
plants); Ri.8-12; Ar. large, circular, later blackish, heads to 14 cm 0 , dark green; R. napiform; apical
crowded to confluent; Sp. brown at first, 5-10, wool brownish-grey, spiny; Ri. 22-19, rather
unequal, subulate, straight, one Csp. longer, to obtuse, thickened around the Ar.; Ar. light greyish-
over 3 cm lg., darker brown at the tip; FI.c. 2.5 cm brown; Rsp. 6-8, 1.5-2.5 cm lg„ straight to
lg., yellow; Fr. 8 mm lg.; S. glossy black.—Chile somewhat curving; Csp. 1(— 2), similarly, stouter, to
(coast of Prov. Antofagasta). (Fig. 71.) C. strep- 4 cm lg.; Sp.all brownish-black to black at first; FI.
tocaulon sensu Ritt. must be identical spec. 3.5 cm lg., 3.5-4 cm 0 , somewhat scented; Fr.
spherical, 1 cm 0 , light green, brownish above; S.
C. marginata sensu Ritt.: C. lembckeiBackbg. (?) glossy black.—Chile (near the coast, Frai Jorge).
Plants from Ritter’s seed included some pure green
C.megarhiza Br. & R. individuals tending to a cylindric habit, which were
Bo. broadly spherical, solitary or in groups of at perhaps Pfeiffer’s “Echinocactus columnaris” ;
most 2-3 heads, 8-26 cm lg., 4-9 cm 0 , dark green here the Sp. are brown.
to ± white; apical woolwhite; Ri.mostly 13; Sp.c.
12, to 1.5 cm lg., fairly stout, yellow at first, then C. pepiniana(K.Sch. non Lem.) Backbg.
grey; FI.2.5 cm lg., yellow; Fr.green, to 8 mm lg.; Bo. simple(?), elongating!?), soon matt greyish-
S.black.—Chile (near Copiapo, on dry hills). green, lighter at first, to 20 cm h., to 10 cm 0 ;
apical wool yellowish-white, with Sp.; Ri. 12,
C. molliculaRitt.—“Taxon”, XII: 1, 30. 1963. straight, ± tuberculate, with chin-like projections;
108
 COPIAPOA

vr.fairly large, white; Rsp. 7, stiff, to 2 cm lg.; Csp. to 60 cm h., to 1 m 0, single heads to 15 cm 0,
larger, stouter; Sp. all dark honey-coloured at greyish-green, often washed reddish, seedlings also
irst.—Chile. greyish to dark greyish-green; apical wool
In cultivation there are more spherical plants, as yellowish-brown; Ri. 20-38, + tuberculate; Ar.
■veil as cultivated plants of v. fiedieriana (K.Sch.) brownish (white in cultivation); Rsp. 6-10, to 2 cm
Backbg. which resemble them and form compact lg.; Csp. 1-4, to 3 cm lg„ ± stouter; Sp. all
clumps; R. a thick taproot; colour of Bo. and yellowish-brown to black (variable); FI.to 3 cm lg.,
apical wool resembling the type, but con­ scented; Tu. with brown or red Sc.; Pet. pale
spicuously grey on old plants; Ri. 13; Rsp. 4-6, yellow; Fr. spherical 1.5 cm 0, reddish-green,
:o 3 cm lg.; FI. pure yellow.—Chile (N. coastal orange or red; S.glossy black.—Chile (Chanaral).
zone). As far as is known, the Csp. is absent in An attractive spec.
the var.
C. streptocaulon sensu Ritt.: C. marginata (SD.)
C. pseudocoquimbana Ritt.—“Taxon”, XII: 1, 30, Br. & R.
1963.
Bo. to 30 cm h., to 10 cm 0, green, forming large C. taltalensis(Werd.) Loos.
clusters; apical woolgrey; R.long, thick, napiform, Bo. mostly simple, spherical to elongated, to 15 cm
-.arrowed above; Ri. 10-18, to 15 mm br., scarcely h., to 10cm 0; apical woollight brown; Ri. 15-16,
notched; Ar. round, grey; Sp. pale brown at first, + tuberculate; Ar. brownish, soon grey; Sp. thin-
n greying, mostly straight; Rsp. 8-12, acicular, subulate, spreading, often + curving, to 4 cm lg.,
:2 cm lg.; Csp.3-7, stouter, to 4.5 cm lg.; FI.to 4.5 the Csp.to 5 cm lg.; FI.c. 2.5 cm lg., yellow.—Chile
-~nlg.. pale sulphur, with red Sc.;Ov. pale green; (Antofagasta). Close to C. humilis, acc. Hutchison;
Fr. reddish-brown outside, pale green inside; S. 1.5 the latter has dark bluish-green plants like the
mm lg., with a large hilum.—Chile (N. of Choros above, but are they the same, or a distinct spec, or
5cos. Dept. La Serena) (FR 1086). var. ? I saw such divergent plants which still bore a
i .vulgata Ritt.—l.c.: Ar. 8-10 mm 0 (5-8 mm confusing resemblance, and appeared to be re­
0 in the type); Rsp.7-9; Csp. 1-3; Pet. 1.7 cm lg. ferable to C. taltalensis; these had ± brownish
1.8-3 cm lg. in the type).—Chile (near apical wool, the Pet. were lanceolate (not rounded
Coquimbo, on the coast) (FR 230). above, as in C. humilis), and the Tub. were more
distant. Placed alongside one another, they were
C rarissima Ritt. (FR 1452): no description readily distinguishable.
available.
C. tenuissimaRitt.—“Taxon” XII: 1, 31. 1963.
C .rubrifloraRitt.— “Taxon” XII: 1, 31. 1963. Bo. flat or hemispherical, blackish-green to black;
Bo. to 30 cm lg., to 12 cm 0, green; R. napiform, Ri. 13-16, to 4 mm h. ;Ar. white;Sp.thin-acicular,
hi ;k. narrowed above; Ri.scarcely notched; Ar.to mostly straight, somewhat finely hairlike; Rsp.
• mm 0 ; Sp.brown, strongly curving; Rsp.2-4 cm 8-14, 3-6 mm lg.; Csp. 0—1( 2), 4-10 mm lg.; FI.
; .Csp. 1(— 2—3), 2.5-5 cmlg.; FI.c. 3.5-5.5 cmlg.; fairly large, numerous, pale yellow, c. 2-2.6 cm lg.;
Pet. carmine in the middle, bordered pale pink or Ov. reddish; Fr. spherical.—N. Chile (coastal
mie yellowish; stylepale yellow or pale carmine; mountains near Antofagasta) (FR 539, 540). The
^d. yellow to orange-yellow; Fr. carmine; S. 1.4 Ov. and Fr. are said to have somewhat hairy axils;
—mlg., hilum brownish.—N. Chile (S. ofTaltal, on separation from Pilocopiapoa would then be
::enle coastal lands) (FR 211). disputable. However it appears that in the above
Copiapoa spec, these are only rudimentary and a
C. rupestrisRitt.—“Taxon” XII: 1, 31. 1963. proof of reduction, such as also occurs in Rebutia.
Bo.to 40 cm lg., 11 cm 0, firm, green; R.napiform; Stronger hair-development would require segre­
Ri. 13-15, rather obtuse, slightly tuberculate; Ar. gation, as for instance in the case of Submatucana.
: and, pale brown, to 10 mm 0 ; Sp. subulate, Ritter’s treatment is not consistent throughout.
mostly ± recurved, dark brown at first, becoming
grey: Rsp.6-8, 1-2 cm lg.; Csp. 1-3, 2-4 cm lg.; FI. iC. tocopillana Ritt. (FR 1057): no description
2 5 cm lg., pale yellow; Fr. 1.5 cm lg., yellow or I available.
reddish-green; S. 1 mm lg., hilum white.—N. Chile
(Cifunchos, on coastal cliffs) (FR 528). C. totoralensisRitt,
Bo. flattened-spherical to hemispherical, to 10 cm
C scopulina Ritt.: C. krainzianav.scopulinaRitt. 0 , offsetting; apical woolweak, grey, with Sp.; R.
large, napiform; Ri. 10-15, to 1 cm h., thickened
C. serpentisulcataRitt. around the Ar., transversely furrowed, with
Bo. becoming oblong, offsetting, forming clumps longitudinal furrows which are sinuous in seed-
109
 COPIAPOA—CORRY OC ACTUS

lings, or straight in habitat plants; Rsp. 6-10, to 3 |C. apurimacensis (FR 1298): no description
cm lg.; Csp. 1-4, 2.5-4 cm lg., straight, stout, (available.
scarcely thicker than the Rsp. ; Sp. dark to deep
brown or black; FI. to 4 cm lg.; Pet. pale yellow, C. ayacuchoensisRauh & Backbg.
shortly tapering; Fr. subspherical, pale green to Bo. to 1 m h., to 10 cm 0 , fresh green; Ri. 6; Rsp.
reddish-brown; S.glossy black.—Chile (Totoral). 9-10; Csp. 3, to 3.5 cm lg.; Sp. reddish-brown, the
radials mostly lighter; FI. ?—Peru (dry region near
C. vallenarensis Ritt. : no description available. Ayacucho, 2700 m).
v. leucacanthus Rauh & Backbg. has shoots to
C. variispina Ritt. (FR 1447): no description only 8 cm 0 ; Sp. whitish or light-coloured, at
available. first often flecked; Rsp. and Csp. to 18, scarcely
differentiated, to 2.5 cm lg.
C. wagenknechtii Ritt, n.nud. : C. coquimbana v.
wagenknechtii Ritt. (Fig. 72.) C. ayopayanusCard.
Bo. branching from the base, to 1.5 m h., dark
C. wagenknechtii v. armata Ritt. (FR 1461): no green; St.to 3.5 cm 0 ; Ri. 4-5, tuberculate, 1 cm
description available. h.; Ar. grey; Sp. 10—13, 0.5-5 cm lg., centrals
scarcely distinguishable, the longest subulate, to 5
C. wageringeliana hort. : no description available. cm lg.; FI. broadly funnelform, 6 cm lg., 7 cm 0 ,
Bo. flat-spherical, freely offsetting, almost black, salmon-red; stylepink; Fr.soft, 3 cm 0 , with thin,
with white areolar wool. This is presumed to be a brownish to white Sp.; S. dark brown.—Bolivia
monströse form of Copiapoa tenuissima Ritt. (Prov. Ayopaya, Tiquirpaya, 2760 m).
C. brachypetalus(Vpl.) Br. & R.
Corryocactus Br. & R. (53) Bo. to 4 m h., green, branches ascending; Ri. 7-8,
± tuberculately swollen; Sp.black at first, reddish
A genus closely related to Erdisia, but the plants are or brown below, to 20, unequal, mostly under 1cm
much larger, predominantly shrubs branching lg., the longest 10-16 cm lg., sometimes contorted
from near the base, sometimes with fairly stout and and compressed; FI.to 6 cm 0 , deep orange; Fr.to
mostly stiffly erect stems, some with conspicuously 7 cm 0 , green, juicy, edible, with longer Sp.—Peru
long spines, the ribs usually more strongly swollen (near Mollendo). (Fig. 73.)
around the areoles to tuberculate, tubercles mostly
present. In one species the spines are up to 25 cm C.brevispinusRauh & Backbg.
long, making them (with the exception of some Bo. ascending; Ri. c. 7, strongly tuberculate,
Neoraimondia species) probably the longest in the transversely notched; Sp. mostly pointing down­
Cactaceae. A distinguishing character is the size of wards, + subulate, to c. 3 cm lg., some quite short;
the flowers—larger to quite large; in the Peruvian FI. yellowish-orange; Fr. quite large, spherical,
species these are yellow to orange, and in the more with many relatively shortly spined Ar., green, pulp
slender Bolivian species mostly reddish (salmon- white; S. numerous, black.—Peru (volcano of
red to purplish-red), sometimes orange-red. The Coropuna).
ovary is clearly offset, subspherical or oblong, the
flower + beaker to bellshaped, with the petals C. brevistylus(K.Sch.) Br. & R. (T.)
expanding to + horizontal. Little is known about Bo. robust, to 3 m h., branching from the base; St.
the seeds; those of the Peruvian species appear to thick, to 15 cm 0 ; Ri.6-7, quite high and broad at
be blackish, and those of the Bolivian species the base; Ar.large, round, shortly woolly; Sp.c. 15,
sometimes black, sometimes dark brown. The some under 1 cm lg„ others 3 cm lg., still others
fruits are variable in size: in the large Peruvian over 24 cm lg.; FI.yellow, to 10 cm br.; Ov. with
species sometimes almost the size of an apple, brown wool, white Br and short Sp.; Fr.spherical,
mostly subspherical and spiny, although the spines juicy, spiny.—Peru (in the S„ 2000 m).
vary greatly in strength and length: in some species
they are fairly short, thin and flexible (in C. C. chachapoyensisOchoa & Backbg.
tarijensis Card, even bristly and thin); in the larger Bo. forming a lax shrub to 80 cm lg.; branchesto 2
species they are mostly longer. All the species are cm 0 ; Ri. c. 12; Sp. several, yellowish, 1 central
hardy and quite vigorous-growing, only a few stouter and longer; FI. yellow, only 2 cm lg. and
appearing to be slow-growing.—Distribution: br.—N. Peru (Amazonas, Chachapoyas-Conila).
most come from higher altitudes, from Central
Peru to S. Bolivia; 2 spec, from lower altitudes in C.charazanensisCard.
N. Chile. [(R).] Bo.to 2 m h., green; Ri.4-5, 1cm h.; Ar.grey; Sp.
110
 CORRYOCACTUS-CORYNOPUNTIA

; 11, the shortest 5 mm lg., the medium-long ones Bo. to 1.5 m h.; branches thick, erect; Ri. 6, light
1 5 cm lg., the longest 2.5 cm lg., subulate, whitish; green; Sp. to 20 cm lg., the longest ones pointing
FL few, 6 cm lg., salmon-pink; Ov. bristly, with downwards, sometimes only 2-3 longer ones and
dark felt; Fr. 3-5 cm 0 , with thin Sp. and dark several which are rather short, all reddish-brown at
rrown felt; S. dark brown, 1-2 mm lg.—-Bolivia first.—Peru (Puquio valley, 3500 m). Lower-
Dept. La Paz, Charazani, 3000m). growing than C. brevistylus, with fewer spines.

C. heteracanthusBackbg. C.perezianusCard.
Bo. to 2 m h., branching from the base; branchesto Bo.to 1.2 m h., green; branchesto only 7 cm 0 ; Ri.
20 cm 0 ; Ri. 8-9, only slightly tuberculate; Sp.to 8-9; Ar. brown or grey; Sp. 16-18, 1-6 cm lg., ±
: 10, centrals scarcely distinguishable, often fewer, interlacing, yellowish; FI. urn-shaped to fun­
sometimes fairly short, 2(— 3) much longer, to 5 cm nelform, 5-6 cm lg., lilac-pink; Fil. purple; style
lg.. pointing upwards or downwards; FI. ?—Peru whitish-yellow; Fr. spherical, 4 cm 0 ; S. 1.2 mm
Ayacucho). lg., matt black.—Bolivia (Prov. Loaiza, Summitas
Luribay, 2800 m).
C. krausiiBackbg.
Bo. tree-like, dense and broad; branches erect; Ri. C.pulquinensisCard.
'-10, rounded, not tuberculate; Sp. unequal, c. 4 Bo. to 4 m h., sometimes clambering, little
Sorter, 1-2 longer, scarcely distinguishable as branching; St. glossy dark green, to 4 cm 0 ; Ri.
:entrals, the longest one to over 8 cm lg.; FI. 5-6 cm 4-5, to 1.5 cm h., rather obtuse, notched; Ar. grey
k . perianth funnelform, yellow; Pet. crowded; or black; Sp. 3-7, centrals scarcely differentiated,
CK. oblong, with short Sp. and crinkly H.—Chile sometimes one more distinctly so, acicular to +
Mamina). subulate, 5 mm-2 cm lg., ± compressed, ±
recurved, whitish; FI. to 7.5 cm lg., reddish-orange,
C.melanotrichus(K.Sch.) Br. & R. more dark orange or golden-yellow inside.—
Bo. forming dense shrubs, to over 1.2 m h.; Bolivia (Dept. Santa Cruz, Pulquina-Saipina, 1500
branches yellowish-green, to 6 cm 0 ; Ri. 7-9, m).
rounded; Ar. 3 mm br.; Sp. 10-11, unequal, 7
nun-2 cm lg., 1-3 centrals, scarcely differentiated, C.puquiensisRauh & Backbg.
one longest Sp. to 3 cm lg., the upper ones light Bo. to 5 m h.; branches vivid green, to 20 cm 0 ,
orown with dark annular stripes, the lower ones + erect; Ri. mostly 8; Rsp. to 15, to 3 cm lg.; Csp.
grey: FI.5 cm lg., 6 cm br., not very numerous, with mostly 1, to 20 cm lg., grey; FI. 6 cm 0 , yellow,
- >rt brown H.; Ov.with whitish Sp. 3 mm lg.; Pet. expanding widely; Fr.yellowish-green, to 10 cm 0 ,
rurplish-red; Fr. spherical, 4—8 cm 0 , with Sp. 1 with short Sp.—Peru (volcano Chachani, 3000 m).
cm lg.; S. black.—Bolivia (La Paz, Miraflores,
.-390 m). Britton & Rose erroneously state the C.tarijensisCard.
octal-colour to be “yellow” (based on K. Bo.to 60 cm h.; branches ± curving, greyish-green,
S-rnumann’s dried specimens), to 4.5 cm 0 ; Ri. 7, 1.5 cm h.; Ar. grey; Sp. 13,
v, caulescensCard, grows to 1.5 m h.; Sp. 15-16, stout, ± interlacing, 1-5 cm lg., grey, brown-
pale yellowish, 1-7 cm lg.; Csp. mostly only tipped, thickened at the base; FI. 3-4 cm lg., 4 cm
l<-3), all Sp.± thickened below, dark; FI. to 6 0 , orange-red; Ov. spherical, with brown-felted
cm lg. and br., salmon-red. Ri. somewhat more Ar., several Br. and white H .; Fr.spherical, to 2 cm
tuberculate than in the type.—Bolivia (La Paz to 0 , with dark brown Sp. and Br.; S. brown.—
Cochabamba, Cerro de Arani). Bolivia (Tarija, near Agua de Toro, 2800 m).

C. otuyensisCard.—“Cactus”, 18: 78, 87-88. 1963.

Bo. to 2 m lg., 5 cm 0 , dark green; Ri. 8, 1cm h.; Corynopuntia Knuth (13)
\r.2 cm apart; Sp. 15-18, acicular or stouter, to 4
cm lg., white or pale brown; FI. bellshaped, The species of this genus made up Britton & Rose’s
?ubapical, purple, with white H. and brown Br., c. Series “Clavatae”. They are to be regarded as an
5 5 cm 0 ; Fil.dark purple; Ov. with grey felt and extreme stage of reduction of Cylindropuntia, the
•bite Br.; Fr.spherical, light green, 3-5 cm 0 , with shoots mostly clavate, rather small, rarely short-
srey and brown H., brownish Br. and fine, yellow cylindric, i.e. somewhat more elongated or not
and brown Sp.; pulp green; S. 1.5 mm lg., pitted, conspicuously clavate, but all forming + dense
a. assy black.—Bolivia (Dept. Potosí, near Otuyo, groups or clumps; in the more elongated species the
3600 m). shoots may be to c. 20-30 cm long but slender, the
exception being the more stoutly-stemmed C.
C.pachycladusRauh & Backbg. invicta. Fruits said to be dry. In Corynopuntia, as

111
CORYNOPUNTIA

in Cylindropuntia, there is a reduction in the br., yellow; bud with dense, longer, erect Glo.; Fr.
sheaths, but here it is more striking; sometimes with densely bristly Ar. and several Sp.; S. to 5.5
they are absent, in other cases rudiments can be mm 0 . —USA (W. Texas, New Mexico) to
seen at the spine-tips, or they are visible only under neighbouring N. Mexico. Flowers have also been
a lens. Differentiation is based principally on the seen to develop from old Fr.
form of the stem-segments, and whether the central
spines are flattened, or thickened at the base. Not C.invicta(Brand.) Knuth
very floriferous in cultivation. Micropuntia Dast. is Bo. forming colonies to 2 m br. and 50 cm h.; St.
probably better referred elsewhere.—Distribution: dark green, long and stout for the G .; Tub. to 4 cm
From USA to Baja California and N. Mexico (to lg.; Ar. white; Glo. white, sparse; Rsp. 6-10; Csp.
Zacatecas). [(R).] 10-12, strongly 4-sided, not thickened at the base,
to 3.5 cm lg., carmine at the base, brown-tipped,
C. agglomerata(Berg.) Knuth later grey; FI. 5 cm 0 ; Ov. with reddish Sp.—
Bo. forming dense groups; R. spindle-shaped and Mexico (Central Baja California, near S. Juanico).
tuberous; St. ovoid or obovoid, to 4 cm lg.,
greyish-green; Ar. whitish-grey, somewhat floc- C. moelleri(Berg.) Knuth
cose; Glo.yellowish-white; Rsp.6-7, erect, 1-4 mm Bo. forming mats; St. resembling those of C.
lg., whitish; Csp. 4-5, thickened at the base and clavata but shorter and thinner; Tub. more
yellowish there, all terete, whitish-grey, the 2 lower projecting, more oblong, to 1.5 cm lg., c. 1 cm br.;
ones sharply recurved, 1-1.5 cmlg., upper Ar. with Rsp. 7-8, stiffer, also others more like Glo., 3
one acicular yellowish Csp. c. 3 cm lg.; FI. purple; curving strongly downwards; Csp. 1 ± porrect,
Ov. spiny.—Mexico (Coahuila). more brownish, also several whitish ones, 3 of them
mostly erect, the lower ones pointing downwards,
C. bulbispina(Eng.) Knuth the longest one to 1.6 cm lg.; Sp.all thickened at the
Bo.forming low, broad mats to 1.2 m br.; St.laxer base; FI.yellow; Fil.yellow; styleand Sti.cream. —
in cultivation, ovoid, to 2.5 cm lg., to 1.2 cm 0 ; Mexico (Coahuila).
Rsp.8-12, 3-6 mm lg.; Csp.4, stouter, 8-12 mm lg.,
terete, thickened at the base, brown; FI. yellow; C. planibulbispinaBackbg.
Sep. sometimes reddish-tipped; Fil. brownish; Bo. forming denser groups; St.deep green, to c. 5
style and Sti. cream.—Mexico (Coahuila to (?) cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , later to c. 7 cm lg. and over 3 cm
Durango). 0 , becoming greyish-green; Tub. plump, to 1.5 cm
lg.; L. reddish, 5 mm lg.; Glo. later light straw-
C. clavata(Eng.) Knuth (T.) coloured; Sp. pink at first, then reddish-brown,
Bo. forming mats to 2 m br., 15cm h.; St. 3-7 cm darker above, finally grey; Rsp.to c. 12, thin, light;
lg., greyish to darker green, clavate or obovoid; Csp.mostly to c. 6, one porrect, all ± compressed,
Glo. yellow, numerous; Rsp. c. 10 at first, later the longest one more flattened, somewhat rough,
more numerous; Csp.4-8,the longest one to to c. 3 later dirty greyish-brown, thickened at the base; FI.
cm lg., dagger-shaped, flattened, not thickened at c. 8 cm 0 , yellow, throat greenish; buds lacking
the base; Sp.pale, + rough; FI. to 4cm lg., yellow; long Glo-Br.; Fil.emerald-green below, yellowish
Fr. to 5 cm lg.—USA (New Mexico). above; Fr. to c. 3.5 cm lg., dry, + conical, with
distant, short, whitish tufts of Glo.—Origin not
C. clavigera Y. Ito: C. clavata(Eng.) Knuth. known. (Fig. 74.) Plants have been observed with
2-3 FI. simultaneously from one Ar. (Schattat).
C. dumetorum (Berg.) Knuth
Bo. in groups to 50 cm h.; St. cylindric, little C.pulchella(Eng.) Knuth
tuberculate, ± greyish-green, with fine velvety H. Bo.forming mats to 60 cm br., to 20 cm h.; St. to 6
(unique to this spec.!); Ar. white, with several H.; cm lg., slender-cylindric to clavate, tuberculate,
Sp.unequal, 1 to 1.5 cm lg., the remainder shorter, reddish; Glo.yellow, later numerous, to 1.2 cm lg.;
yellowish-brown, often with darker bands; Glo. Sp. 10-16, thin, reddish, to 6 cm lg., + flattened,
whitish.—Mexico (Tamaulipas, 700 m). not thickened at the base; FI. 5 cm lg., purple; Fr.
2.5 cm lg,, with white-woolly Ar. and red Glo., to
C. graham» (Eng.) Knuth 1.2 cm lg.; S. 4 mm lg.—USA (Nevada, Arizona).
Bo. forming mats, in part very low-growing; St.
clavate, light green, to 5 cm lg.; Tub. large, oblong; C. reflexispina(I. L. Wigg. & Roll.) Backbg.
Glo. numerous, white, later brown; Sp. 8-15, ± Bo. forming low colonies; said to resemble C.
rough, the more central ones + flattened, + 4- bulbispina and C. grahamii, but differentiated by
angled, not thickened at the base, at most becoming its strongly spiny Fr. No further data available.—
broader there, white at first, then reddish; FI. 5 cm Mexico (Sonora, W. of Arrieros).
1 1 2
 C ORY NOPUNTIA—C ORY PHA NTHA

C.schottii (Eng.) Knuth genus are the following: flowers borne centrally;
Bo. forming low mats to 3 m br. ; St. ascending, tubercles furrowed throughout their length; fruits
davate, readily detached, to 7 cm lg., to 2 cm 0 , + greenish, with watery sap; seeds + brownish,
r.rongly tuberculate ; Rsp. 6-8 ; Csp. 4 or more, to 6 rather soft. Flower and fruit glabrous. All hitherto
:m lg., white at first, flattened, not angular, rough, known species are alike in possessing these
rot thickened at the base, sheath present ; FI. 4 cm characters. It is therefore inappropriate to seg­
-f . yellow.—USA (S. and W. Texas), N. Mexico. regate species with ciliate outer perianth segments
and include them as a Subgenus of Escobaria,
C. stanlyi (Engl.) Knuth where the fruits are + red and the seeds black; in
Bo. forming mats to 3 m br., to 30 cm h. ; St. erect, any event, ciliate features do not constitute a valid
..avate, to 15 cm lg.; Tub. prominent, laterally diagnostic character. However these species can
. impressed, to 4 cm lg.; Ar. white; Sp. numerous, well be included in the first of the two Subgenera,
3-5-6 cm lg., whitish to reddish-brown, the larger based on the degree of reduction of fruit-scales:
nes strongly flattened, not angular, not thickened SG.l: Neocoryphantha Backbg.: Ovary and
it the base; FI. 6 cm br., light yellow; style and Fil. fruit + with some scales, either above or
-.-earn; Fr. yellow, to 6 cm lg., very spiny; S. to 6.5 laterally; with or without glands;
nun lg.—USA (SW. New Mexico to E. Arizona), SG.2: Coryphantha: Ovary and fruit always
N. Mexico. naked.
kunzei (Rose) Backbg. : Tub. to only 2.5 cm lg. ; SG. 1 includes species with entire petals, and others
Fr. somewhat shorter; where they are ciliate.
parishii (Ore.) Backbg. : St. small-clavate, to In SG.2, two Series can be distinguished:
7.5 cm lg.; Csp. 1, acutely angled; Fr. with long Series 1: Sulcolanatae Br. & R. (Aulacothelae
yellow Glo. ; Lem.): With no glands in the furrow or
'• wrightiana (Baxt.) Backbg. : St. cylindric, to 20 axil;
cm lg. ; Tub. to 2.5 cm lg. ; Sp. 14-20, one dagger- Series 2: Recurvatae Br. & R. (Glanduliferae
Tke Csp. to 3 cm lg. as well as 5-6 + central Sp. SD.): With glands in the furrow or axil.
to 2.8 cm lg. The figures following the specific name indicate the
appropriate Subgenus and, in the case of SG.2, the
C. stellata hort. Series as well. Plants of the genus are, in general, not
Bo. resembling C. planibulbispina, greyish-green; at all difficult but if grafted they look much better,
Tub. fairly plump and rounded; L. reddish; Sp. grow faster and flower more freely. The genus
grey. 9-10, mostly ± flattened (compressed); 1-2 deserves to be much better represented in col­
sp. longest, blackish; Glo. pale yellow; FI. rather lections than it is now, given the flowers which can
_rge. light yellow; Sep. + reddish dorsally be white or yellow or red, some of them very large,
- b ve.—Origin? (Collection Rivière No. 7953).
t sometimes with a red centre, while the spination is
noticeable and often attractive; many of the
C-'ilis (Rose) Knuth attractive species are suitable for raising
Bo. forming mats to 20 cm h. ; St. rounded, 4-5 cm commercially,—Distribution: from British Col­
g . bluish-green, tuberculate, to c. 1.5 cm 0 ; Rsp. umbia and S. Canada, throughout USA, to S.
: treading, thin, whitish, to 12 mm lg., the upper Mexico (Oaxaca); only one species has been found
ties interspersed with similar Glo. ; Csp. to 4,2.5-3 up to now in Baja California. [(R). (G).]
an lg., reddish-brown, white-tipped, terete, +
rough, with short sheath-remains; FI. 4 cm lg., C. aggregata (Eng.) Br. & R.: C. vivipara v.
g- :>sy purple; Fil. light yellow, green below; style aggregata (Eng.) Marsh.
iute; Sti. yellow; Fr. pale green, becoming black,
to 3 cm lg., somewhat dry; S. white, large. C. albicolumnaris (Herst.) D. Zimmerm. (Esco­
Mexico (Zacatecas). baria Hest.)
. bernhardinii (Hildm.) Backbg. : Rsp. only 3-4, Bo. shortly columnar, similar to C. orcuttii; Sp.
whitish; Csp. 1, subulate, brownish above, white numerous, white, brittle; FI. faded reddish-white
below. with a pink M.-line, scarcely opening; Fr. green; S.
Grown in less intense light, the St. become thin, fairly large, reddish-brown.—USA (Texas, Big
with very fine Sp. and crowded, conspicuously Bend Region, NW. of Terlingua).
white Ar. ; L. minute, reddish.
C. altamiranoi Fric: probably a form of C. radians
(DC.) Br. & R.
Corvphantha (Eng.) Lem. (219)
C. alversonii (Coult.) Ore. (1)
The most important diagnostic characters of the Bo. elongated, to 20 cm h., to 10 cm 0, laxly

113
CORYPHANTHA

branching, up to 12 heads; Sp. crowded, light, the recurved, 2 cm lg. or more; Csp. 0; FI. yellow, 5-6
centrals blackish above or to midway; Rsp. to 35, cm 0 ; Pet. narrowly oblong, rather obtuse.—
longer than the Csp.; Csp. to 14, white below, Mexico (Morelos, Guerrero).
subulate; FI. 3 cm lg„ purplish-pink.—USA (SE.
California). C. calipensis H. Bravo—Cactac. y Sue. Mex., IX: 4,
v. exaltissima Wieg. & Backbg. forms compacter 79-80. 1964(2:1).
groups to over 30 cm br.; individual St. more Bo. rounded, offsetting, greyish to olive-green, with
spherical, sometimes to 20 cm 0 ; Tub. longer a woolly crown; Tub. imbricate, Isp. 5:8, large,
(short and thick in the type), lax, ± cylindric; curved upwards, 3 cm lg. and br., rhombic at the
Sp. more densely interlacing, the centrals brown base; Ax. woolly; Ar. white, 2 mm br., circular;
in the upper half; FI. purple. Rsp. 10-16, 1-1.5 cm lg., 5-7 of these forming an
upwardly directed cluster above, the remainder
C. andreae J. A. Purp. & Bod. (2:1) radiating around the Ar.; Csp. 1, rather stouter, 1.5
Bo. compressed-spherical, solitary, to 9 cm 0 , deep cm lg., somewhat curving, yellow below, blackish-
green; crown strongly woolly; Tub. in Isp. 5:8, to brown above, later grey with a yellowish tip bent
2.5 cm br., 2 cm h.; Ar. elliptic; Rsp. to c. 10, to 1.2 somewhat outwards; FI. 5.5 cm lg., c. 6 cm 0 ;
cm lg., stoutly acicular, matt greyish-yellow, outer Sep. brownish-green, inner ones yellowish
brown-tipped; Csp. 5-7, strongly curving, greyish- with a reddish-brown M.-iine; Pet. narrow,
yellow, brownish-tipped, the one downwardly margins entire but denticulate above, yellow: Fil.
directed Sp. to 2.5 cm lg.; FI. 5-6 cm 0 ; Pet. reddish; style creamy yellow; Sti. 8, light yellowish-
narrow-lanceolate, light yellow; Fr. 1.5 cm lg.— green; Fr. ?—Mexico (Puebla, Calipan near
Mexico (Veracruz, Perote). Tehuacan, at 2000 m). Resembles C. cornifera.

C. arizonica (Eng.) Br. & R.: C. vivipara v. C. calochlora Bod .(2:1)

arizonica (Eng.) Marsh. Bo. offsetting from the base, depressed, blackish-
green ; Tub. conical-ovoid; Ar. woolly at first, Ax.
C. asterias (Cels) Bod. (2:2) glabrous; Sp. 12-15, very thin, straight, pure white,
Bo. solitary, spherical to cylindric, dark green; Tub. 1.5 cm lg., 3-5 of these often flattened above; FI.
plump, tip oblique; Gl. red with a white ring; Rsp. whitish-cream; Pet. narrow.—Mexico.
9, radiating, projecting; Csp. 1( 2), stout, hooked
at the tip, thickened at the base, pale brown or C. chlorantha Eng. (1)
yellowish; FI. light pink.—Mexico (Guanajuato). Bo. cylindric, to 25 cm h„ to 8 cm 0 ; Tub. crowded,
concealed by the Sp.; Rsp. grey; Csp. 4-9, thin, to
C. aulacothele Lem.: probably only a form of C. 2.5 cm lg., pink at first, or tipped red or brown; FI.
octacantha (DC.) Br. & R. c. 3.5 cm 0 , yellowish or greenish-yellow; Pet.
slender, acute; Fr. 2.5 cm lg., green, with 5-6 small
C. bergeriana Bod. (2:2) Sc. above.—USA (S. Utah, W. Arizona and
Bo. solitary, + clavate, to 12 cm h., 6 cm 0, dark Central Nevada to SE. California).
leaf-green; Tub. in lsp. 8:13, conical, to 1.4 cm lg.; v. deserti (Eng.) Backbg.: distinguished mainly
Gl. 1-2, red, surrounded by white wool; Ar. slightly by having only 3-5 Csp. which are white, brown-
woolly; Rsp. 18-20, lower ones to 1 cm lg., upper tipped ; FI. 2.5 cm 0 , straw-coloured. This plant
ones 6-8, to 1.5 cm lg., greyish-whitish, dark- forms dense clusters, individual heads to 12.5 cm
tipped; Csp. 4, thin-subulate, yellowish to horn- h. and to 7.5 cm 0 . Some specimens have
coloured, upper ones 1.2 cm lg., lower ones to 2 cm reddish-tipped Sp. This var. somewhat resembles
lg.; FI. 4 cm lg., 7 cm 0 , yellow; Fr. large, oblong, C. alversonii and like the latter it is one of the
light green.—Mexico (Nuevo Leon). finest of the G., particularly because of the dense
spination.
C. borwigii J. A. Purp. (2:1)
Bo. to 10 cm h„ 5-7 cm 0 , greyish-green; Tub. ± C. clava (Pfeiff.) Lem. (2:2)
rhombic; Sp. over 10, upper Rsp. in erect groups; Bo. eventually offsetting; St. columnar to ±
Csp. 3, light brownish-grey, somewhat stouter; FI. clavate, to over 30 cm h. and to 10 cm 0 , bluish or
6 cm lg., yellow, throat red.—Mexico (Coahuila greyish-green; Tub. in Isp. 8:13, 1.5 cm h., conical,
and/or Tamaulipas). obliquely truncated; Gl. red; Rsp. (7— )8—10 or
more, thin-subulate, pungent, the longest lower
C. bumanuna (Ehrenbg.) Br. & R. (2:1) one to 1.4 cm lg.; Csp. (1—)3— 4, to 2 cm lg.; Sp.
Bo. spherical to depressed; Tub. very large, chestnut, later honey-coloured, darker at the base;
rounded above, bluish-green; Ax. strongly woolly FI. 5 cm lg.; 4 cm 0 , glossy, yellow.—Mexico
at first; Sp. 5-8, subulate, greyish-brown, ± (Hidalgo).
114
 CORYPHANTHA

v. schlechtendalii (Ehrenbg.) Heinr.: distin­ C. compacta coinpacta (Eng.) Br. & R. (2:1)
guished by the weaker Sp. and yellow Gl. Bo. solitary, depressed-spherical, to 6 cm h., to 5-8
cm 0 ; Tub. in Isp. 13:21; Rsp. 14-16, stiff,
C. clavata (Scheidw.) Backbg. (1) appressed, 1-2 cm lg., whitish; Csp. mostly absent;
Bo. cylindric to clavate, crown very woolly; R. FI. only 2 cm lg. and br., yellow. —Mexico
~-?iform, whitish; St. dark leek-green, sometimes (Chihuahua, Cosihuiriachi).
flushed reddish, to 7 cm 0 ; Tub. in Isp. 5:8, 8:13,
r oblique-conical, to 2 cm Ig.; GL 1-2, red; Ar. C. conimamma (Lke.) Berg. (2:1)
_nd Ax. white; Rsp. to c. 9, subulate, brownish at Bo. spherical to ellipsoid, to 10 cm 0 , glossy dark
first. red (always?) at the base, 8-15 mm lg.; Csp. green; crown very woolly; Tub. in Isp. 5:8, to 1.5
- i. yellowish to brown, often dark-banded above; cm lg., stout-conical; Rsp. 6-9, subulate, to 12 mm
FI. to 5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 ; Pet. to 7 mmbr.; Ov. 1.5 cm lg.; Csp. 3-4, bent, to 2.2 cm lg.; FI. 5 cm lg.,
g S. mahagony-brown, curving pear-shaped, greenish-yellow, shortly and broadly funnel-
distinctly tessellate.—Mexico (Hidalgo and ad- form.—Mexico.
acent areas of the States Querétaro and Mexico).
Sep. only rarely ± ciliate. C. connivens Br. & R. (2:1)
ancistracantha (Lem.) Heinr. has a hooked Bo. spherical to depressed-spherical, to 10 cm 0 ;
Csp.: crown weakly woolly; Rsp. 8-10, thin, in the upper
radicantissima (Quehl) Heinr.: Bo. more part of the Ar., clustered, upwardly directed, horn-
spherical, more rarely elongated, little offsetting; coloured and black-tipped, 5-6 subulate Sp.
R. carrot-like, to 1 cm lg., yellowish)!); Tub. in pointing down or sideways, ± horn-coloured or
Isp. 8:13, ascending, conical; Ar. and crown somewhat darker; FI. yellow, to 7 cm 0 . —Mexico
weakly woolly; FI. 2-2.5 cm lg., 1.8-2.5 cm 0 ; (near the capital city).
Pet. fewer than in the type, yellow, they and the
Sep. sometimes with a reddish M.-line; Sep. C. cornifera (DC.) Lem. (2:1)
entire; S.. lighter brown than in v. clavata, Bo. mostly solitary, to 12 cm h., spherical to short-
^distinctly tessellate.—Mexico (State Guan­ cylindric, pale to greyish-green; Tub. in Isp. 5:8, to
ajuato and SW. San Luis Potosí). 2.5 cm lg., + rhombic; Ax. white; Ar. more
Earlier descriptions have no data on locality. Even strongly white-woolly at first, elliptic; Rsp. 7-9, to
. —hi could give no origin for v. radicantissima, 9 mm lg., waxy yellow; Csp. 0-1, stout, to 15 mm
" with its small flowers and yellowish roots the lg., ± curving, blackish above, brown below; FI. to
--mats can be identified in the light of present 6 cm lg., to 5 cm 0 , lemon-yellow; Fil. pinkish-red,
knowledge. yellow above.—Mexico (Hidalgo, around Ix-
Buchenau, who made a close study of the miquilpan). Description taken from K. Schumann;
er: up. the type-species does not come from S. Luis his Fig. 81 (Gesamtbschrbg.) shows no tufted Rsp.
P : -osi: in his view, Schumann’s stated locality Riimpler’s description is at variance: he gives 20
uder "Mam. raphidacantha”—near Jaral—is Rsp., upper ones clustered, Csp. to 3; while acc.
vrrect, and it should be Guanajuato. Schumann Britton & Rose there are 16-17 Rsp. and the FI. is 7
have been thinking of v. radicantissima. cm 0 , reddish. It appears probable that this is a
Frcordingly the plants with whitish roots and complex in which a further 1-2 var. should be
- : stly elongated bodies must be regarded as the segregated.
pe. with larger flowers and longer tubercles. Buchenau found, near Oaxaca, a plant with c. 12
Taller plants from S. Luis Potosí, with longer Csp., Rsp., the upper ones tufted, finer; Csp. 1, 1 cm lg.;
-rpear to be intermediate between v. radican- FI. c. 3.5 cm lg., to 6 cm 0 ; Sep. yellow with a
” jna and v. clavata; accordingly I could not brown M.-line; Pet. narrow-lanceolate, fringed
-_;ept any segregation. above, acuminate, yellow; Fil. deep red; Sti. pale
Buchenau, the glands of C. clavata are green. This appears to be the plant described by H.
• ' tish-yellow in juveniles (seen in Hidalgo). C. Bravo as C. calipensis, a spec, which may be close
: ' idans (Zucc.) Lem-, may therefore be identical to that of Riimpler’s description (“upper Rsp. clus­
with v. clavata. tered”). It is not clear to which of the older
descriptions De Candolle’s name applies. C.
pseudoradians H. Bravo clearly belongs to this
C. eolumnaris Lahm. (1 ?) complex, but the Tub. are in 13 spirals.
Bo. solitary, columnar, to 17 cm h., to 6 cm 0;Tub.
render, to 1.2 cm lg.; Rsp. 10-18, 5-12 mm lg., C. cornuta (Hildm.) Berg. (2:1)
ic. brown-tipped; Csp. 4, light brown, one Bo. solitary, depressed-spherical to hemispherical,
pr :jeering, longer; FI. 6.5 cm lg., purple; Fr. pale to 5 cm h., to 8 cm 0 ; crown freely woolly; Tub.
green.—USA (Oklahoma, near Altus; rare). greyish-green, in Isp. 5:8, + imbricate, to 1.7 cm lg.
115
CORYPHANTHA

and br.; Ar. dirty yellowish-white; Rsp. 5-7, C. echinoidea (Quehl) Br. & R. (2:2)
radiating, compressed, the upper ones 4-6 mm lg., Bo. solitary, spherical or ± broadly spherical, to 6
the lower ones 6-8 mm lg., whitish, often horn- cm 0 , dark greyish-green, entirely enveloped by
coloured, tips brownish-black; Csp. 1, stouter, to 8 the Sp.; Tub. 1.5 cm h.; Gl. 1-3, grey (or red?); Ar.
mm lg., bent downwards; FI. yellow, fading to woolly at first; Rsp. 20-25, in 2 R., one above the
pink.—Mexico. other, to 1.5 cm lg., white, dark-tipped; Csp.
(1—)2(—3), stouter, to 1.5 cm lg., one porrect, horn-
C. daimonoceras(Lem.) Lem.(2:1) coloured; FI. 6-8 cm br., yellow (fading to
Bo. broadly spherical, greyish-green; Tub. curved yellowish-pink?); Fil. yellow, sometimes red.—
above, stout; Rsp. to 10 and more, grey, sometimes Mexico (Durango).
yellow at the base, upper ones clustered; Csp. to
3-5, sometimes 4, cruciform, c. 1cm lg., dirty horn- C. echinus (Eng.) Br. & R. (2:1)
coloured, dark above, ± curving; FI. ?—Mexico Bo. solitary, spherical or ± conical, 3-5 cm 0 ,
(Sierra de la Paila). almost concealed by Sp.; Tub. plump, elongated
ovoid; Rsp. numerous, 16-30, 10-16 mm lg.; Csp.
C. delaetiana (Quehl) Berg. (2:1) 3-4, upper 3 erect, individuals porrect and stouter,
Bo. eventually forming mats, single heads to 8 cm to 2.5 cm lg., thickened at the base, often blackish;
h., to 5 cm 0 , fresh green, becoming leek-green; FI. 2.5-5 cm lg., yellow.—USA (W. Texas), N.
Tub. 1 cmlg., ± rhombic ; Ar. circular, woolly only Mexico (Coahuila). (Fig. 75.)
at first; Rsp. to c. 15, thin; Csp. 1, slightly curving,
rather stouter, to 2 cm lg., black, light at the base, C. elephantidens (Lem.) Lem. (2:1)
the Rsp. only + dark-tipped; FI. yellow.—Mexico Bo. solitary, depressed-spherical, to 14 cm h., to
(Coahuila). 19 cm 0 ; Tub. very large, ± flattened, to 4 cm lg.,
sometimes to 6 cm br. at the base; Ax. densely
C. densispina Werd. (2:1) woolly; Ar. woolly only at first; Sp. 8 subulate
Bo. ovoid; Tub. thick-conical at first, later rhombic radials to 2 cm lg., at first yellowish or brownish
below; Ax. glabrous; Rsp. to 25 in a circle, stout - with a yellow base, later brownish; FI. to 10 cm br.,
acicular, to 2 cm lg., greyish-white; Csp. 4, more deep pink to white, throat red.—Mexico (Mich-
stoutly subulate, darker, slightly curving, to c. 2 cm oacan).
lg.; FI. pure yellow, 5 cm 0 . —Mexico (Coahuila,
San Pedro). C. erecta (Lem.) Lem. (2:2)
Bo. cylindric, offsetting, erect at first, later pro­
C. deserti (Eng.) Br. & R.: C. chlorantha v. deserti strate, forming large colonies, yellowish-green,
(Eng.) Backbg. single St. to 8 cm 0 ; crown white-woolly; Tub. in
Isp. 5:8, conical, to 8 mm lg.; Ar. woolly at first;
C. difficilis (Quehl) Berg. (2:1) Ax. strongly woolly, with Gi. yellow at first, then
Bo. solitary, flat-spherical, greyish-green to bluish- brown; Rsp. 8-14 (-18), to 1.2 cm lg.; Csp. 2(— 4), to
greyish-green, to 6 cm h., to 8 cm 0 ; crown weakly 2 cm lg.; Sp. all amber-coloured, becoming
woolly; Tub. rhombic, 2.5 cm br., imbricate; Ax. yellowish-brown, subulate, sharp, becoming dar­
weakly woolly, they and the Ar. soon glabrous; ker; FL (5.5— )7(—7.5) cm 0 , light yellow.—Mexico
Rsp. 12-14, upper ones to 2 cm lg., lower ones to 1 (Hidalgo).
cm lg., hyaline, sometimes brown-tipped; Csp. 4, 3
of these stouter than the Rsp., reddish to horn- C. exsudans (Zucc.) Lem. (2:2)
coloured, darker or black, to c. 2 cm lg., 3 bent Bo. + cylindric; Tub. plump, dark green; Ax. ±
downwards; FI. 4—5 cm 0 , pure yellow.—Mexico glabrous; Gl. yellow; Ar. slightly woolly at first,
(Coahuila). soon glabrous; Rsp. 6-7, thin, straight, yellowish,
Similar but stouter-stemmed plants, without ± equal; Csp. 1, scarcely differentiated, straight,
conspicuous axillary wool at the St.-apex (un­ yellow, brown-tipped; Sp. 6 mm-1.1 cm lg.; FI.
named?) also go under this name. yellow.—Mexico (Hidalgo). Probably identical
with C. clavata.
C. durangensis (Rge.) Br. & R. (2:1)
Bo. solitary or forming small groups, short- C. georgii (Bod.) (2:2)
cylindric, single heads to c. 10 cm lg., greyish- Bo. depressed-spherical, to c. 7 cmh., 4cm 0 , dark
green; Tub. in Isp. 5:8, imbricate; Ax. very woolly leaf-green; crown woolly; Tub. in Isp. 8:13, 1.2 cm
at first; Rsp. 6-8, acicular, light, spreading, to 1 cm lg.; Ax. woolly to glabrous; Gl. red; Ar. woolly at
0 : Csp. 1, black at first; all Sp. later light grey; FI. first; Rsp. 8-9, acicular, to 1.2 cm lg., matt horn-
2 cm lg., to 4 cm 0 , cream to pale lemon-yellow.— coloured to whitish, dark-tipped; Csp. 1, to 2 cm
Mexico (Durango). lg., stouter, later to 3, ± brown, darker and
116
 CORYPHANTHA

:hickened at the base; FI. c. 2 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 , 10-13, 6-10 mm lg., acicular, spreading, chalky-
glossy, light cream to whitish; Sep. carmine, with white, frosted, brown below and slightly thickened,
r.ght borders.—Mexico (San Luis Potosí, near tipped brown; Csp. 3-4, 0.6-1.2 cm lg., subulate,
Alvarez). thickened below; Sp. all stiff, sharp, centrals
cinnamon-brown at first, later horn-coloured; FI.
C. gladiispina (Bod.) Berg. (2:1) to 4 cm lg., 4.5 cm 0 , yellow, throat pale green;
Bo. + ovoid, to 10 cm h., 6 cm 0 , glossy dark Pet. broadly lanceolate, tapering; Fil. purple
green; R. napiform; crown spiny, little woolly; Tub. below; An. chrome-yellow; Fr. and Sti. yellowish;
in Isp. 8:13, conical, later imbricate; Ar. glabrous; Fr. 2 cm lg., to 1.2 cm 0 , pale green; S. 1.7 mm lg.,
Rsp. 10-12, to 1.5 cm lg., glassy-grey, dark-tipped, brown, surface reticulate.—Mexico (Queretaro,
yellowish at the base and thickened, to 2 cm lg., the hills around Jalpan, c. 1350 m). Description acc.
_pper Sp. tufted; Csp. 4, to 2.5 cm lg., whitish-grey, text received from Buchenau. Spec, belongs to the
ith a long brownish-black tip, thickened below; C. clavata complex, but is a characteristic and
FI. pure yellow.—Mexico (Coahuila, Parras). distinct spec., from a habitat cut off by ranges of
mountains.
C. greenwoodii H. Bravo
Bo. flat-spherical, simple, 9 cm 0 , 5-6 cm h., fresh C. kieferiana Berg. (acc. Bodeker) is only an
Live-green, crown woolly; Tub. thick, 20 mm lg., ecotype of C. poselgeriana; illustrations show the
—15 mm br. below; Rsp. 7-8, straight or curving, former as lacking the grouped upper Sp., or with
1-3 in the upper part of the Ar.; Csp. 0; FI. 5 cm 0 ; fewer and stouter Rsp. flattened on the underside;
Pet. yellow with a fine purplish-brown stripe, light otherwise indistinguishable from v. poselgeriana.
green outside, lanceolate; Fil. red, An. yellow; style
red with yellowish-green Sti.; Fr. clavate, 3.3 cm C. longicornis Bod. (2:1)
g 12 mm br.; S. pear-shaped, 2 mm lg., light Bo. broadly spherical to spherical, to 10 cm 0 ,
browngj Mexico (Vera Cruz, valley of Acultzingo, eventually to 20 cm h., slightly glossy, leaf-green to
:r. humus-rich soil, at 1600 m). Close to C. greyish-green; crown scarcely woolly; Tub. in Isp.
.: nnivens but with fewer Sp.; also resembles C. 8:13; Ar. woolly at first; Rsp. 12, light horn-
;.?phantidens. coloured, thin-subulate, dark-tipped; Csp. 3, the 2
''imed for Edward Greenwood, an outstanding upper ones to 1 cm lg., the lower to 2.5 cm lg., all
r r.otographer and collector of Mexican cacti. stouter, brownish to horn-coloured, dark-tipped;
FI. silky, pure yellow; Fr. to 15 mm lg.—Mexico
. guerkeana (Bod.) Br. & R. (2:2) (N. Durango).
Bo. flat-spherical, to 6 cm h., 8 cm 0 , lighter to
-- rker leek-green; crown strongly woolly; Tub. C. maiz-tablasensis Backbg. (2:1)
r imp, 1.5 cm lg.; Ax. woolly; Gl. red; Ar. woolly Bo. subspherical at first, to 3 cm b., 5.5 cm 0 ,
first: Rsp. 7, to 1.5 cm lg., light horn-coloured, offsetting, bluish-green; Tub. c. 1 cm lg.; Rsp. 6-7,
3-4 thinner group Ssp. above; Csp. 2-3, radiating, firm, greyish-white, to 1.2 cm lg., black-
Preading, projecting, stout, often 6-angled, thick- tipped at first; Csp. 0; FI. yellowish.—Mexico (San
—ed below, 1.5-2 cm lg., whitish-horn-coloured, Luis Potosí, Ciudad Maiz).
; low-ochre to orange-brown above; FI. yellow.—
Mexico (Durango, near Durango). C. marstonii Elz. U. Clov. (2:1)
Rare cushion-forming spec, with small FI., 4-5
- hesteri Y. Wright: see Escobaría hesteri (Wright) white bristly Rsp. and 2-3 brown Csp. to 1 cm lg.;
F. Buxb. Pet. yellow.—USA (Utah, near Boulder).
. impexicoma Lem. differs from C. radians (acc. C. melleospina H. Bravo (2:1)
v Schumann) only by having the Rsp. more Bo. spherical; Tub. in Isp. 8:13; Rsp. 17-19,
--merous and interlacing, and the Csp. absent. subulate, stout, to 12 mm lg., pectinate, recurved,
Italy a form? reddish or yellowish-brown, + interlacing; Csp. 0
or occasionally one; FI. and Fr. unknown.—
jalpanensis Buchenau—Cact. y. Sue. Mex., X : 2, Mexico (Oaxaca, near Huajuapan de Leon).
36-39. 1965.
3g. to 15 cm h., 6 cm 0 , offsetting from the base, C. minima Baird
rming groups to 25 cm 0 ; R. fibrous; St. leaf- Bo. minute, to 4.5 cm lg., offsetting; Sp. small,
g'ren: Tub. in Isp. 8:13, crowded, erect, + thick, ash-grey to yellowish and reddish; FI. only to
' railed; A^c. white-woolly; Gl. 1, ochre-yellow, 1.5 cm 0 , pinkish-purple with ciliate Pet.—USA
* r.etimes reddish; Ar. 2 mm 0 , with yellowish- (Texas, S, of Marathon, 1200 m). The later name—
wool at first, this soon greyish-black; Rsp. Escobaria nellieae—is a synonym.
117
CORYPHANTHA

C. neoscheeri Backbg. (2:2) C. organensis D. Zimmerm.

Bo. spherical, offsetting, greyish-green; Tub. blunt- Bo. forming groups; St. cylindric, ± soft-fleshed,
conical, plump, almost twice as lg. as br.; Ax. dark yellowish-green, to 12 cm h., to 3 cm 0 , crown
broad; Gl. small; Rsp. 8— 9(—10), to 1.9 cm lg.; Csp. appearing yellow; Ax. glabrous; Ar. round, 3 cm
1, 3 cm lg., straight; Sp. yellow, often whitish, 0 ; Rsp. 33-35, stiff, white, 6-11 mm lg., straight;
yellow, red, brown or black-tipped, stout to + Csp. 9-12, yellowish, 9-19 mm lg., often tipped
subulate; FI. 5 cm 0 , straw-coloured, with a reddish-brown; FI. 15-16 mm 0 when fully open;
reddish M.-stripe outside; Fil. pinkish-red; style Pet. lanceolate, pale yellow with a pink M.-line;
pale green.—Mexico (Hidalgo, Mineral del Sep. with a brownish M.-stripe; style c. 9 mm lg.,
Monte). with 5-6 Sti.; Fil. purplish-pink with yellow An.;
Fr. yellowish-green, 6-14 mm lg.; S. reddish-
C. nickelsae K. Brand. (2:2) brown.—USA (New Mexico, Organ Mountains,
Bo. spherical, with crowded offsets, pale green, 7 2400 m, in a gravelly soil, pH 7.5; partly in the
cm h., sometimes pruinose or reddish; Tub. low; shade of trees).
Gl. sometimes present on the upper Ar.; Rsp.
14—16, upper ones somewhat flat, spreading at first, C. ottonis (Pfeiff.) Lem. (2:2)
then recurved, 8-10 mm lg., yellowish below, Bo. spherical to cylindric, to 12 cm h., to 8 cm 0 ,
black-tipped, becoming lighter; Csp. mostly 0, dark greyish-green; Tub. plump, furrow woolly;
sometimes later one; FI. light yellow, 5-7 cm br., Ax. white-felty; Gl. red; Ar. white-felty at first;
with a red centre; Fr. subspherical, to 7 mm lgj • Rsp. 8-12, ± equal, stiff, yellowish, brown-tipped;
USA (Texas, Laredo) to N. Mexico (N. Nuevo Csp. 3(—4), + cruciform, stiffer, stouter, +
Leon). yellowish, becoming brown and whitish above
midway, to 1.8 cm lg., the longest one very bent; FI.
C. obscura Bod. (2:1) over 5 cm br., white.—Mexico (Hidalgo, Mineral
Bo. solitary, oblong-ovoid, to 11 cm h., to 9 cm 0 , del Monte).
slightly glossy, blackish-green: crown little woolly;
Tub. in Isp. 8:13, + imbricate, c. 2 cm lg.; Ar. C. pallida Br. & R. (2:1)
woolly at first; Rsp. c. 10, light horn-coloured, Bo. solitary or to 10 heads, sometimes to 12 cm 0 ,
straight, stiff, thin-subulate, sometimes ± black- bluish-green; Tub. in 13 spirals, short, plump,
tipped; Csp. 4, similar to the Rsp., pitch-black crowded; Rsp. 20 or more, white, appressed; Csp.
above, thickened at the base; FI. 5 cm 0 , orange- to 3 or more, the lowest one porrect or pointing
yellow, with a red throat; Fr. pale green, large.— downwards, black or black-tipped; FI. light yellow,
Mexico (Nuevo Leon in the N., and near Lam- 5-7 cm 0 ; Fil. red; Fr. greenish-brown, 2 cm lg.—
pazos). Mexico (Tehuacan).

C. octacantha (DC.) Br. & R. (2:2) C. palmeri Br. & R. (2:1)

Bo. solitary to grouping, cylindric, to 50 cm h., to Bo. spherical, pale green; Tub. in 13 spirals,
4-6 cm 0 ; Tub. in Isp. 5:8, conical, to 2.5 cm lg.; crowded; Rsp. 11-14, radiating, stouter, yellowish,
Gl. in the Ax., 1(—2), red; Ar. at first with yellow to often black-tipped; Csp. 1, stout, terete, porrect,
white felt; Rsp. 6-8, to 1.5 cm lg., honey-coloured hooked; FI. 3 cm lg., yellow to lighter.—Mexico
to lighter at first, sometimes black-tipped; Csp. (Durango, Zacatecas, Coahuila).
1-2, larger, stouter, to 2.5 cm lg., brownish; FI. 3
cm lg., to 6 cm br., straw-coloured; style yellow or C. pectinata (Eng.) Br. & R. (2:1)
red.—Mexico (Hidalgo, near Pachuca, and to Bo. spherical, mostly solitary, 3-6 cm 0 ; Tub. to
Quebrada Venados). 1.2 cm lg., in 13 spirals; Sp. 16-24, + appressed to
recurved, 1.2-1.8 cm lg., yellowish-white, black-
C. orcuttii (Rose ex Orcutt) D. Zimmerm. (Neo- tipped ; FI. 5 cm lg., yellow, throat (always?) green;
lloydia Rose 1926, Escobaria Bodeker 1933) Pet. awn-tipped.—USA (W. Texas, along the Rio
Bo. cylindric, to 15 cm h., c. 6 cm 0 ; Tub. + Pecos) to N. Mexico.
conical, firm, 4-8 mm lg., white-woolly at first; Sp.
very numerous, concealing the Bo. so that the plant C.pirtieiWerd. (2:1)
appears white; Rsp. 30-41, thin, to 8 mmlg,, white; A rare, subspherical, small spec, to 7 cm h., the
Csp. 15-18, very rarely fewer, stiff, white, tipped crown with yellow wool; Rsp. 8-11, to 8 mm lg.,
reddish or brownish; FI. c. 8-12 mm br., not Csp. 1-3, yellow, black-tipped, thickened at the
opening fully, faded pink; Sep. greenish; Pet. faded base; FI. 3.5 cm lg., pink.—USA (Texas, Starr
reddish-white, with a greenish-pink M.-line; style County).
white or a very delicate pink; Fr. greenish-yellow or
green at maturity; S. reddish-brown.—USA (New C. poselgeriana (Dietr.) Br. & R. (2:2)
Mexico).
 CORYPHANTHA

Bo. hemispherical, + bluish-grey to green, becom- (12— ) 16—18(—

20), to 1.2 cm lg., pectinate and
-"g tairly large; Tub. large, hemispherical, to 2.5 cm appressed, to 1.2 cm lg., stiff, rough at first, white,
hr below; Ax. felted at first; Ar. rather small, yellowish, or brown-tipped; Csp. mostly 0; FI.
iimost glabrous; Rsp. 5-7, to 2 cm lg., two-edged, lemon-yellow, to over 7 cm 0 . —Central Mexico
-eddish-brown, stout; Csp. 1, 4 cm lg., reddish- (Hidalgo etc.).
frown below, whitish above, stout-subulate; FI. to
6 cm lg., often yellowish at first, with a red throat, C. r(b)aphidacantha Lem.: C. clavata (Scheidw.)
recoming pink about the second day.—Mexico Backbg.
ILoahuila, near Saltillo). Gl. said to be light red.
' valida (J. A. Purp.) Heinr.: Tub. more broadly C. ramillosa Cut. (2:1)
conical; Bo. to 22 cm h., to 14 cm 0 ; Gl. 3-4; Bo. mostly solitary, depressed-spherical, greyish-
Rsp. 5-6 with other thinner Sp. in the upper part green, to 8 cm h., 6-9 cm 0 ; Tub. 2 cm lg., 2.5 cm
of the Ar., erect, almost completely black br. below, appressed upwards; Rsp. 14-20, 1-3.5
above); Csp. 1, to 5 cm lg., terete, yellowish to cm lg., projecting, greyish-white; Csp. 4, somewhat
horn-coloured at first, all Sp. thickened below; stouter and longer, the lowest one curving down­
FI. to 6 cm lg., silky, light to dark pink (see also wards, brown at first, then grey and dark-tipped;
C. kieferiana). FI. 6.5 cm lg., fairly broad, ± pink, lighter towards
the centre.—USA (Texas).
C. pseudecliinus Bod. (2:2)
Bo. ± ovoid, sometimes offsetting, to 9 cm h., to 5 C. recurvata (Eng.) Br. & R. (2:2)
— 0 , leaf-green to greyish-green; crown slightly Bo. depressed-spherical, to 20 cm 0 , often fo rm in g
coolly; Tub. in Isp. 5:8 and 8:13, c. 1 cm lg.; Ax. cushions to 60 cm br., with up to 50 heads; Tub.
-■roily; Gl. 2-3, yellowish; Ar. slightly woolly at low; Gl. ?; Rsp. 20-30, pectinate, yellow to grey,
rst: Rsp. 18-25, thin-subulate, to 1.5 cm lg., dark-tipped; Csp. 1(— 2), darker, recurved, to 2 cm
greyish-white to brown or almost black; Csp. 1, lg.; FI. to 3.5 cm lg., lemon-yellow, brownish
P : erect, somewhat longer, coloured similarly; Ssp. outside; Fr. green, spherical, c. 7.5 mm 0 . —USA
2-3. in the upper part of the Ar.; FI. 2 cm lg., 3 cm (Arizona), Mexico (N. Sonora).
2 . violet-pink, border lighter; Fr. yellowish-green,
-5 cm lg.-n-Mexico (Sierra de la Paila). C. reduncuspina Bod. (2:1)
Bo. solitary, spherical to oblong, to 10 cm 0 ,
5. pseudonickelsae Backbg. (2:2?) glossy, yellowish to leaf-green; crown laxly spiny;
Bo. offsetting, single heads to 5 cm h., 6 cm 0 ; Tub. Tub. in Isp. l3:21, ovoid-conical, erect, to 1 cmlg.;
Prominent, 1cm lg.; Ax. woolly only in the crown; Ax. woolly; Ar. slightly woolly at first; Rsp. 15-20,
Rsp. 15-18, greyish-white, to 1.6 cm lg.; Csp. I, stiffly acicular, interlacing, to 1.2 cm lg., whitish to
r.rck at first, soon whitish-grey, flecked, black- straw-coloured, often brownish-tipped; Csp.
pped; FI. pale yellowish, 3.5 cm 0 . —Mexico 2-3, stout, porrect and curving downwards, to
Durango). 2.5 cm lg., blackish-brown at first, then lighter to
yellowish-horn-coloured; FI. 4-5 cm 0 , pure
C. pseudoradians H. Bravo (2:1) yellow; Fil. and throat red.—Mexico (Tamaulipas
Bo. spherical, solitary, greyish-green; Tub. in 13 to [?] Coahuila).
-prrals, + rhombic below; Ar. oval; Rsp. 13-15,
-5 erect, grouped; Csp. 0(—1—
2), in the upper part of C. retusa (Pfeiff.) Br. & R. (2:1)
the Ar. if present; FI. 3 cm lg., 7 cm 0 , dull Bo. depressed-spherical, to 10 cm 0 ; crown very
yellowish. —Mexico (Oaxaca, Tejupan- woolly; Tub. rather large; Ar. elliptic; Sp. 6-12,
Suchixtlahuaca). radials only, appressed, subulate, the upper 2-3
acicular, all yellowish to brownish; FI. c. 3 cm lg., 4
C. pycnacantha (Mart.) Lem. (2:1) cm 0 , yellow.—Mexico (Oaxaca),
Bo. ovoid to short-cylindric, to 10 cm h., 5-7 cm 0 , v. pallidispina Backbg. differs in having mostly
:.uish-green; Ax. very woolly; Tub. rhombic 15 Rsp., 3 of these thinner, erect, all pale grey; the
below, almost 2.5 cm br., to 1.5 cm lg., obtuse; Ar. Tub., in Isp. 13:21, are more crowded than in the
woolly at first; Rsp. 10-12, slender, to 1.6 cm lg., type.
s ightly curving, yellowish, dark-tipped; Csp. 4,
stout, more curving, to 2.5 cm lg.; FI. 4-5 cm lg. and C. robustispina (Schott) Br. & R. (2:1)
0 , lemon-yellow.—Mexico (Oaxaca). Bo. spherical or oblong, solitary or offsetting,
single heads to 15 cm lg., densely spiny; Tub. large,
C. radians (DC.) Br. & R. (2:1) to 2.8 cm lg., in 13 spirals, densely crowded, pale
Bo. spherical to slightly elongated, solitary, green, greyish-green; Rsp. 12-15, the lowest 3 very stout,
5-7 cm 0 , crown with Sp. and felt; Rsp. brownish, upper ones weaker, the top 2-3 tufted,
119
CORYPHANTHA

rather weak and pale; Csp. 1, very stout, erect, ± Bo. offsetting, single heads to 12 cm 0 ; Tub. large,
bent to ± hooked, yellow, to 3.5 cm lg., all stouter to 1.2 cm lg., lax, weak, not curving outwards; Rsp.
Sp. thickened below; FI. 3.75 cm 0 , yellow (to?) 12-14, acicular and thin, straight, white; Csp. 0 at
salmon-coloured or even white.—USA (S. Ariz­ first, then several, + appressed, 1 stouter, curving
ona) to N. Mexico (N. Sonora). outwards; FI. to over 5 cm 0 , yellow with a red
centre.—USA (S. Texas).
C. roederiana Bod. (2 :1)
Bo. oblong to elliptic, to 11 cm h., 7 cm 0 , little C. sulcolanata (Lem.) Lem. (2:1) (T.)
offsetting, glossy, dark leaf-green; crown fairly Bo. depressed-spherical, offsetting, to 5 cm h., 6 cm
woolly; Tub. in Isp. 8:13, lax, conical, erect, c. 16 0 or more; Tub. ± 5-angled below, conical above;
mm lg.; Ax. and Ar. very woolly at first; Rsp. Ax. very woolly at first; Rsp. 9-10, unequal, to 1.6
10-12, stiffly acicular, to 1.8 cm lg., greyish-white, cm lg., brownish, black-tipped, whitish-yellow at
the upper ones dark-tipped; Csp. 1, to 1.5 cm lg., first, purple-tipped: Csp. 0; FI. large, yellow.—
thicker, curving, pruinose, light to dark brown; Mexico (Hidalgo. Mineral del Monte).
eventually 3 additional upper thin Sp.; FI. 5 cm 0 ,
yellow.—Mexico (S. Coahuila). C. unicornis Bod. (2:2)
Bo. solitary at first, later offsetting to form groups,
C. salm-dyckiana (Scheer) Br. & R. (2:1) glossy, light bluish-green, single heads to 8 cm 0 ,
Bo. mostly solitary, 10-15 cm 0 , broadly spheri­ spherical; crown spiny, moderately woolly; Tub. in
cal, light green; crown spiny, with white wool; Tub. Isp. 5:8, lax, conical, to 1.5 cm lg.; Ax. slightly
± rhombic, 1 cm lg., ± imbricate; Ar. with sparse woolly; Gl. red; Ar. woolly at first; Rsp. 7—8(— 9), to
felt at first; Rsp. 7-15, to 1.5 cm lg., grey or whitish, 1.5 cmlg., light yellowish to brownish-grey; Csp. 1,
several erect, clustered; Csp. 1-4, to 2.5 cm lg., somewhat thicker, to 2 cm lg., nodose below, dark
reddish to black, the lowest one the stoutest, to 2.5 reddish-brown, red at first; FI. yellow(?).—Mexico
cm lg., slightly curving; FI. 4 cm lg., pale yellow; (Coahuila, Viesca).
Fil. greenish.—Mexico (Chihuahua).
C. vaupeliana Bod. (2:2)
C. schwarziana Bod. (2:2) Bo. solitary, spherical to shortly ovoid, to 7 cm 0 ,
Bo. simple, oblong-ovoid; Tub. shortly conical, c. 8 matt bluish-green; crown spiny; Tub. in Isp. 8:13,
mm thick below; Ax. slightly woolly at first; Ar. thick, 3-angled to ± conical, c. 2 cm lg., somewhat
oval; Rsp. to 20, acicular, often slightly curving, to keeled; Ax. faintly woolly; Gl. red; Ar. woolly at
9 mm lg., whitish-grey; Csp. 0-1, thin-subulate, first; Rsp. c. 15, upper ones clustered, thinner, to
straight, projecting, somewhat longer, yellowish to 1.5 cm lg., pruinose, dirty white, brown-tipped, the
horn-coloured, dark-tipped; FI. pale yellow(?).— others subulate, 8-9, c. 1.2 cm lg., thickened below;
Mexico (Guanajuato). Gl.-colour not stated. Csp. 4, thicker and stouter, to 2 cm lgl nodose
below, matt greyish-yellow, brown-tipped; FI.
C. scolymoides (Scheidw.) Berg. (2:1) large, yellowj Mexico (Tamaulipas, Jaumave).
Bo. pale green, spherical, becoming ovoid; Tub.
imbricate, appressed; Ax. woolly; Ar. woolly at C. villarensis Backbg. (2:2)
first; Rsp. (12-)14—20, fewer at first, light, ± dark- Bo. solitary, spherical at first, becoming elongated,
tipped, to 2 cm lg.; Csp. (l-)3(-4), to over 3.5 cm to 15 cm h., to 13 cm 0 , almost blackish-green;
lg., + bent, darker; FI. over 5 cm 0 , yellow with a Tub. large, 3 cm lg.; Ax. very woolly at first; Gl.
red throat; Pet. denticulate.—Mexico (in the N.). yellow; Rsp. 9-11, 5-15 mm lg., yellowish at first
with the base and tip dark or reddish-brown or
C. speciosa Bod. (2:1) flecked, finally flecked and tipped black; Csp. 1, to
Bo. solitary, spherical to shortly ovoid, glossy, dark 3 cm lg., yellowish, dark-tipped, then white with a
leaf-green to bluish-green, to 9 cm h., 8 cm 0 ; black tip, finally dirty yellow; FI. 4 cm lg., 5 cm 0 ,
crown woolly; Tub. in Isp. 8:13, ± slender-conical, light yellow.—Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Villar).
2.5 cm lg.; Ar. very woolly at first; Rsp. 7-9, ±
subulate, the upper ones more crowded and C. vivipara (Nutt.) Eng. (2:1)
somewhat thinner, 1.5-1.7 cm lg., greyish-white, Bo. subspherical, solitary, later offsetting, to 5 cm
black-tipped, the upper ones pitch-black on the 0 , 3 cm h., eventually forming small groups; Rsp.
underside; Csp. 4, the lowest one pointing down­ (14—)16(— 22), white or brown; Csp. 1M, to 2 cmlg.,
wards, black on the underside; FI. 6 cm 0 , golden- brown or flecked; FI. 3.5 cm lg. and br., purplish-
yellow with a dark centre.—Mexico (Coahuila, W. pink ; Fil. purple or pink; style white or pink; Sti.
of Monclova). pale yellow or pink; Fr. 2 cm lg., 1 cm 0 , greenish
to brownish.—Canada (in the S.), USA (from
C. sulcata (Eng.) Br. & R. (2:1) Kansas to N. Texas).

120
 CORYPHANTHA-CY LINDROPUNTIA

v. aggregata (Eng.) Marsh.: later forming larger by the fact that he at first referred C. imitans to the
groups; Csp. 5-6, white, brown-tipped; FI. 5-7 cereoid genus Werckleocereus Br. & R. If it is
cm 0 ; argued that the type of the Genus Cryptocereus
v. arizonica (Eng.) Marsh.: also forming larger Alex, is more clambering than E. imitans and E,
groups than the type; FI. only 3.75 cm 0 ; rosei, and has lobed shoots as well as differently
v. neomexicana (Eng.) Backbg.: little offsetting; coloured fruits and larger flowers, these are still
Csp. several, white, with black or brown tips; FI. insignificant points since identical differences
4-5 cm 0 ; occur, for instance, in Epiphyllum; in Echinopsis,
v. radiosa (Eng.) Backbg.: also little offsetting; the fruits vary even more widely in colour.—
single heads more ovoid; Csp. 5-6(-8): FI. 3.5 cm Distribution: Mexico, Costa Rica, Ecuador.
0. [Vigorous-growing. ]
C. voghtherriana Werd. & Bod. (2:2) C. anthonyanus Alex. (T.)
Bo. solitary, flattened-spherical, to 4.5 cm h., 8 cm Bo. branching freely; St. 7-15 cm br., leaf-green,
0 . glossy, bluish-green; R. stout; crown with some the blades arising opposite the notches, 2.5—4.5 m
•■hite wool; Tub. in Isp. 5:8, flattened or shortly lg.; Ar. small, with short Sp.; FI. c. 12 cm lg.,
:onical, to 1.2 cm lg.; Ax. very woolly; Gl. red, creamy-white; Tu. 3 cm lg., robust, with Sc. to 6
mostly concealed; Ar. more strongly woolly at mm lg., with felt and Br. in the Ax.; Ov. with denser
first: Rsp. 5-6, to 8 mm lg., thin, rough, mostly dirty grey felt and greyish-brown Br. as well as stiff
whitish, several upper ones with brown or blackish brown Sp. to 3 mm lg.—Mexico (Chiapas, Pico
:ps, slightly thickened below; Csp. at first 0, later 1, Carrizal). (Fig. 76.)
curving downwards, to 1.5 cm lg., slightly stouter;
FI. 3 cm 0 , light yellow.—Mexico (San Luis C. imitans (Kimn. & Hutch.) Backbg. (Kimnach:
Potosí). Eccremocactus)
Bo. as in the preceding; Ar. with 1-2 tiny Sp.; FI.
C. werdermannii Bod. (2:1) only 6-7 cm lg., white; Tu. + curving above the
Bo. simple, depressed-spherical at first, then more Ov., Sc. woolly; Ov. densely areolate, with Sp. to 4
: void, to 8 cm h., 6 cm 0 , old plants + columnar mm lg.; Fr. ovoid, spiny.—Costa Rica (El General
and offsetting from the sides, light greyish-green; Valley, near Canas).
Tub. in Isp. 21:34, pyramidal, 5 mm lg.; Ax.
glabrous; Ar. glabrous; Rsp. 15-20, stiffly acicular, C. rosei (Kimn.) Backbg. n.comb.
oppressed, to 6 mm lg., light greyish-white; Csp. (Eccremocactus rosei Kimn., C. & S. J.
¿ppearing only later, higher up the Bo., to 4, to 2.2 (US), XXXIV: 3, 80. 1962).
cm lg., one slightly curving and porrect, ± Bo. bushy, pendant; St. ± terete below, the wider
rrownish, darker above; FI. 6 cm lg., often part to 90 cm lg., 4-8 cm br., with a stout M.-rib,
j ellowish at first, becoming pink about the 2nd the margin with rounded notches; Ar. white-felty,
cay. throat red,; Sep. reddish above, with a reddish with 1-4 small Sp.; FI. to 7 cm lg., funnelform; Sep.
corsal stripe.—Mexico (Sierra de la Paila). reddish-yellow to light purple; Pet. greenish-
cream; Tu. and Ov. with crowded fine Sp. to 1 cm
Coryphantha Lem.: for further names see also lg.; Fr. oblong. 4.5 cm lg., red, with numerous Sp. 1
Escobaría Br. & R. (e.g. C. tuberculosa), Neob- cm lg., Per.-remains persisting.—Ecuador (valleys
esseya Br. & R. (C. wissmannii), Neolloydia Br. & of the Rio Canar and Rio Chanchan).
R (C. ceratites) and Lepidocoryphantha Backbg.
(C. macromeris). Cullmannia Dist.: Wilcoxia Br. & R.
Cumarinia (Knuth) Buxb.: Neolloydia Br. & R.,
Crvptocereus Alex. (32) SG. Cumarinia (Knuth.) Backbg. (earlier known as
Coryphantha Lem., SG. Cumarinia Knuth).
Bushy epiphyllum-like plants with notched, den-
:ate or lobed flat shoots; flowers funnelform to +
cellshaped-funnelform, with spines on the ovary
^nd to some extent on the tube. Fruits, as far as Cylindropuntia (Eng.) Knuth emend.
«mown, also spiny. The genus is thus placed at the Backbg. (8)
beginning of the reduction-line of the “leaf-cacti”.
Kimnach has referred two species to Eccremo- The genus belongs to the northern branch of the
. actus although the generic diagnosis here speaks cylindric Opuntias, most of them larger than the
:nly of traces of felt on the ovary, and glabrous Austrocylindropuntia species of S. America. While
fruits; the unreliability of his classification is shown the latter have no sheath-development of the
121
CYLINDROPUNTIA

spines, this character is present in Cylindropuntia, v. ramosa (Peebl.) Backbg.: distinguished by

even if only as rudiments, so that it is easy to somewhat more slender, crowded Br.; Fr. also
establish whether any particular plant belongs to dry;
the northern or the southern group. The following v. thornberi (Thornb. & Bonk.) Backbg. : lower-
Series are distinguished, the appropriate figure growing, at most to 1.50 m h., Sp. to 10; FI.
being given in brackets after the specific name: bronze-yellow, deep red and yellow; Fr. more
Mostly with only 1 principal spine: shortly spined.
Series 1: Ramosissimae Br. & R.: terminal shoots
very thin, to 1 cm 0 ; shoots with flat C. alamosensis (Br. & R.) Backbg. (3)
lozenge-shaped tubercles; Bo. shrubby, to 3 m h., mostly forming a trunk to 12
Series 2: Leptocaules Br. & R.: terminal shoots cm 0 ; branches long, to 1.5 cm 0 , tuberculate at
seldom more than 1 cm 0 ; shoots first, becoming terete; Tub. elongated; Ar. brown;
without lozenge-shaped tubercles, these Glo. numerous, brown; Sp. 4, the central one
missing or + oblong. brown below, yellow above, to 2 cm lg.; FI. lemon-
With several spines: yellow; Fr. to 3 cm lg., yellow or reddish.—Mexico
Series 3: Thurberianae Br. & R.: terminal shoots (Sonora, Alamos to Sinaloa).
not over 2 cm 0 ;
Series 4: Echinocarpae Br. & R.: terminal shoots 2 C. alcahes (Web.) Knuth (7)
cm thick and more; fruit dry; Bo. strongly branching, very spiny, to 1 m h.:
Series 5: Bigelowianae Br. & R.: terminal shoots 2 branches terete; Tub. ± lozenge-shaped, pro­
cm thick and more; tubercles at first minent ; Sp. to 12 at first; Sh. pale to white; FI.
scarcely longer than broad; fruit fleshy; moderately large, greenish-yellow; Fr. spherical,
Series 6: Imbricatae Br. & R.: terminal shoots 2 small, plump, yellow.—Mexico (Baja California).
cm thick and more; tubercles distinctly
longer than broad, narrow, prominent, C. arbuscula (Eng.) Knuth (2)
laterally compressed; fruit fleshy; Bo. bushy, to 3 m h., with a many-branched crown;
Series 7: Fulgidae Br. & R.: terminal shoots 2 cm trunk short, woody, to 12 cm 0 ; terminal shoots to
thick and more; tubercles broad, low; 7.5 cm lg., 8 mm 0 ; Tub. low, indistinct; Sp.
fruit fleshy. mostly 1, to 4 cm lg.; Sh. straw-coloured; FI. 3.5 cm
Many of the species are characterised by con­ lg., yellowish-green to brownish or yellowish-
spicuous spination, with sheaths which are some­ white; Fr. to 3.5 cm lg., red, often proliferating; S.
times brightly coloured; the spines are very sharp often only 1.—USA (Arizona), N. Mexico
in some species, in others the flowers are variously (Sonora).
coloured (e.g. C. versicolor). Proliferating fruits v. congesta (Griff.) Backbg.: distinguished by the
occur, these sometimes appearing chain-like and more clavate, more noticeably tuberculate Fr.
giving rise to clumps of plants. Habit can be either
little or freely branching, erect or sometimes even C. bigelowii (Eng.) Knuth (5)
+ prostrate.—Distribution: from the more S. Bo. shrubby, to 1m h., with short laterals; branches
parts of USA to Central Mexico and Baja to 15 cm lg., plump; Tub. not very prominent, ± 4-
California. [(R). O.] sided, as long as br., 1cm lg.; Sp. and Sh. yellowish-
white; FI. subapical, 4 cm lg., violet-carmine,
C. abyssi (J. P. Hest.) Backbg. (4) yellow or greenish-yellow with a purple spot; Fr.
Bo. bushy, to 40 cm h.; St. to 30 cm lg., c. 2 cm 0 , mostly naked, strongly tuberculate.—USA (S.
strongly tuberculate; Tub. to 1.5 cm lg.; Ar. light Nevada to California and Arizona), Mexico (N.
brown; Glo. yellow; Sp. c.10, dark brown, to 3 cm Baja California). Proctor (“Arizona Highways”)
lg.; Sh. loose; FI. 4 cm lg., terminal, yellowish- illustrates the FI. with white Pet. and a greenish
green; Fr. ovoid, 2 cm lg., umbilicate, often spiny throat.
above.—USA (S. California). v. x hoffmannii (C. B. Wolf) Backbg. n.comb.
(Opuntia bigelowii v. hoffmannii C. B. Wolf,
C. acanthocarpa (Eng. & Big.) Knuth (4) Occ. Papers Rancho St. Ana Bot. Gard., 1:2, 79,
Bo. much branching, to 2 m h.; branches at an acute 1938): FI. light carmine; a lax spontaneous
angle to the trunk, becoming woody, terminal hybrid with long dense Sp., resembling C. munzii
shoots to 8 cm lg., very tuberculate; Tub. laterally (see also under the latter).
flattened; Sp. 8-25, to 3 cm lg., dark brown; Sh.
light-coloured; Glo. yellow; FI. 5 cm lg. and 0 , red C. brevispina (H. E. Gat.) Backbg. (7)
to yellow; Fr. c. 3 cm lg., stoutly spiny, apical Bo. bushy, to 1 m h. and br., bluish-green to brown;
depression weak, broad.—USA (Arizona, Cactus branches to 4 cm 0 , to 25 cm lg.; Tub. ± lozenge­
Pass). shaped, 2.5 cm lg., 5 mm br.; Glo. missing (?); Rsp.
122
 CYLINDROPUNTIA

5, from the lower part of the Ar., to 5 mm lg., C. ciribe (Eng.) Knuth (5)
-ecurved; Csp. 1, to 2 cm lg., dark brown; Sh. only Bo. bushy, densely branching, to 1 m h.; end-shoots
: nthe upper part of the Sp.; FI. rotate, 3 cm lg. and to 5 cm 0 ; Tub. stout, regularly arranged, 5-7 mm
Z. bronze to reddish-purple; Fr. 1.8 cm lg., br. and lg.; Sp. 4-6, very sharp, to 3 cm lg., some Br.
-oherical, yellow.—USA (Gulf of California, or H. present; Sh. yellowish; Glo. numerous; FI.
Ballena Is.). yellow; Fr. very tuberculate, to 4 cm lg.,
spineless.—Mexico (Central Baja California).
C. brittonii (G. Ort.) Backbg. (2)
Bo. scrubby, to 5 m br.,1 m h.; branches 5-20 mm C. clavellina (Eng.) Knuth (3)
2 ■ becoming woody; Ar. white; Sp. 1, white; Sh. Bo. laxly branching, to 1 m h.; terminal shoots thin,
:ransparent; Glo. numerous, red, yellow-tipped; spreading, ascending, ± clavate, to TO cm lg.,
FI. 2 cm 0, greenish-white; Fr. 2 cm lg., ovoid, rather over l cm 0 ; Tub. oblong, to 8 mm lg.; Sp.
nooth, red.—Mexico (Sinaloa, Angostura). 3-6, the central one very long; Sh. straw-coloured
or brown; FI. yellow; Fr. clavate, short,
C. burrageana (Br. & R.) Backbg. (4?) tuberculate.—Mexico (Baja California).
Bo. bushy, to 1 m h.; trunk thin, to 2 cm 0, spiny;
branches cylindric to slender-clavate, to 15 cm lg.; C. davisii (Eng. & Big.) Knuth (3)
Ar. brown, crowded; Sp. numerous, rarely to 2 cm Bo. low-shrubby, to 50 cm h., much branching,
v . Sh. thin, light yellow; Glo. light yellow when with dense yellow Sp.; terminal branches 8 cm lg., c.
present; FI. to 4 cm 0, brownish-red, greenish 1 cm 0 , very tuberculate; Sp. 6-12, the longest
relow; Fr. 2 cm 0, spherical, ± tuberculate, dry ones to 5 cm lg.; Sh. thin; Glo. numberous, yellow;
. —Mexico (Baja California). FI. 3.5 cm lg. and br„ olive-green to yellow; Ov.
with several Sp.; Fr. 3 cm lg.. ± tuberculate,
C. californica (Torr. & Gray) Knuth (4) glabrous.—USA (W. Texas, E. New Mexico). R.
Bo. ascending or prostrate; branches slender, to 2.5 widely branching and tuberously thickened.
_:n 0 , bluish-green, strongly tuberculate; Tub. to C. densiaculeata Backbg. (4)
. 5 cm lg., flattened laterally; Sp. 7-20, brown; Sh. Bo. with a short trunk and squarrose branches;
>ellowish-brown, c.T cm lg.; Glo. light brown; FI. shoots ± whorled, to 50 cm lg., ± curving
terminal, 4 cm 0, greenish-yellow, red outside; Fr. upwards, densely spiny; Tub. short, ± merging
ery spiny.—USA (S. California) and Mexico into ribs, spiralled; Sp. whitish, with a ± reddish
northern Baja California). sheen, 20 or more, + projecting, interlaced; FI.
deep purple, to 6 cm 0 ; Ov. with pink Sp.; Fil.
C.calmalliana (Coult.) Knuth (3) dark lilac-red; style light red; Sti. yellow; Fr. to 5
Bo. not described; branches bluish-green; Tub. cm 0, deeply umbilicate, green.—Origin?
narrow, long, to 2.5 cm lg.; Ar. yellow; Glo. white;
Sp. mostly 4, the upper one stout, erect, reddish, C. echinocarpa (Eng. & Big.) Knuth (4)
■ dlow-tipped, to 2.5 cm lg., lower ones thinner, Bo. shrubby, to 1.5 m h., freely branching, trunk
recurved, to 1.5 cm lg.; FI. purple (?); Ov. spiny; woody, to 3 cm 0 , becoming smooth; shoots short,
Fr. smooth, ovoid, juicy.—Mexico (Baja Califor­ very tuberculate; Sp. numerous, yellow at first,
nia. Calmalli). then brownish, finally grey; Sh. sometimes present;
FI. yellowish, red-tipped outside; Ov. short, top­
C. caribaea (Br. & R.) Knuth (2) shaped, densely spiny above; Fr. very spiny.—USA
Bo. shrubby, to 3 m h., forming thickets; branches (S. States), Mexico.
eventually horizontal, to 10 cm lg., robust for this
Senes; Tub. ± prominent, short; Ar. large, white, C. fulgida (Eng.) Knuth (7)
v.ith several H.; Sp. 1(—3), to 3 cm lg.; Sh. brown; Bo. tree-like, to 3 m h., sometimes lower, in the S.
Glo. dark brown; FI. light yellow; Fr. red, to 2 cm part of its distribution also forms low bushes; trunk
lg.. glabrous or at most with a few Sp. above, to 20 cm 0 ; end-shoots to 20 cm lg., to 5 cm 0,
'terile.—W. Indies (Hispaniola). sappy, tuberculate, readily detached; Sp. to 12,
yellowish to brownish, to 3.5 cmlg.; Sh. loose; Glo.
C. cholla (Web.) Knuth (6) whitish to light yellow; FI. to 3.5 cm 0, light red;
Bo. tree-like, to 3 m h.; trunk 15 cm 0 , increasingly Pet. few, truncate; Fr. tuberculate at first, becom­
^piny; crown dense, broad; branches often in ing smooth, to 5 cm lg., freely proliferating,
whorls, horizontal, pale; Tub. large, compressed; green.—USA (Arizona), Mexico (Sonora, Sin­
Sp. often numerous; Sh. loose, brownish; Glo. aloa). (Fig. 77:6.)
numerous, yellow; FI. rather small, 3 cm 0, deep v. mamillata (Schott) Backbg.: Sp. shorter,
purple; Fr. to 5 cm lg., proliferating and forming inconspicuous; shoots more sappy; Tub. more
.lumps.—Mexico (Baja California). prominent.
123
CYLINDROPUNTIA

C. heteracantha Ritt. (undescribed) is probably v. glauca Backbg.: shoots dull bluish-green; Sp.
Austrocylindropuntia humahuacana Backbg. 1, to 4.5 cm lg., white below, brown at midway,
lighter above; Sh. 2 mm br., brilliant glossy
C. hualpaensis (J. P. Hest.) Backbg. (3) brown, lighter below; FI. light greenish-yellow, 2
Bo. bushy, to 1.5 m h., fairly densely branching; cm 0 ; Ov. naked; Fr. spherical, dark scarlet, 1.5
Tub. 4—6 mm br. and h., to 1.5 cm lg., spiralled ; Ar. cm lg., pulp glassy whitish-green;
yellow; Glo. yellowish; Sp. 2-4, to 3 cm lg., v. longispina (Eng.) Knuth: Sp. (and Sh.) coffee-
brownish to ash-grey, also 3-6 Sp. only 5-8 mm lg. ; coloured, to 4 cm lg.; FI. brownish to greenish-
FI. funnelform, c. 2 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , greenish- yellow, c. 2 cm 0 ; Glo. light brown;
yellow; Ov. green, tuberculate, with ash-grey Sp. ; v. pluriseta (Berg.) Knuth: dark green; Sp. short;
Fr. 3.5 cm 0 , fleshy, to 4 cm lg.-—USA (Arizona, in Sh. indistinct; Ar. with several H., but no flecks
the NW.). below;
v. robustior (Berg.) Knuth: lateral shoots short,
C. imbricata (Haw.) Knuth (6) (T.) light green; Sp. long, light yellow; Sh. light;
Bo. tree-like, to over 3 m h., with a woody trunk; v. tenuispina Backbg.: shoots thin, leaf-green;
branches obliquely ascending, terminal shoots to 3 Sp. 1, light greyish-brownish, with darker zones;
cm 0 , very tuberculate; Tub. to 2.5 cm lg., Sh. yellowish; FI. light yellowish-green, c. 2 cm
flattened laterally ; Sp. 8-30, to 3 cm lg., brown ; Sh. 0 ; Ov. with small Sp.; Fr. oblong (not clavate),
thin; FI. terminal, 4—6 cm lg., to 9 cm br., purple; sterile, 1.8 cm lg., greenish at the base, pulp
Ov. tuberculate, with a few Br.; Fr. glabrous, colourless, glassy;
yellow, to 3 cm lg.—USA (southern States) to v. vaginafa (Eng.) Knuth: FI. 2 cm 0 , light
Central Mexico. yellowish-green; Ov. spiny; Sp. to 4 cm lg., with
v. argentea (Anth.) Backbg. : differs in having broad straw-coloured Sh.; Glo. brown.
silvery Sp. with a red base ; Tub. shorter (to 2 cm
lg.) C. lloydii (Rose) Knuth (3)
Bo. tall-shrubby, to 3 m h. and br.; shoots ± terete,
C. kleiniae (DC.) Knuth (2) c. 2 cm 0 ; Tub. prominent, oblong; Sp. few, 3 on
Bo. shrubby, to 2.5 m h., woody at the base; Tub. previous year’s growth, 1.5 cm lg., reddish; FI. 3 cm
long; Ar. white-woolly, large, longer than br.; Sp. lg., opening in the afternoon, dark purple; Fr. 3 cm
mostly 1, sometimes several, to 5 cm lg., yellowish lg., weakly tuberculate, yellow to orange.—Central
or brownish; Sh. yellow; Ar. later also with some Mexico.
Br. ; Glo. yellow to brown; FI. 3 cm lg., purple; Pet.
broad, rounded above; Fr. 2.5 cm lg., red, long- C. metuenda (Pitt.) Backbg. (2): shoots thinner than
persisting.—USA (Texas) to Central Mexico. in C. caribaea, and FI. smaller; but probably at
most a var. of the latter.
C. leptocaulis (DC.) Knuth (2) v. leptocaulis
Bo. bushy, sometimes with a short trunk, to 2 m h. ; C. molesta (Brand.) Knuth (6—7)
branches fresh green, fairly dense, scarcely tuber­ Bo. tall-shrubby, to 2 m h., lower in cultivation;
culate, very thin; Sp. often missing, mostly 1, light, branches squarrose, ± cylindric, sometimes ±
sometimes 2-3 on older shoots, to 5 cm lg. ; Sh. clavate, to 40 cm lg., sometimes to 4 cm 0 , pale
loose or firm, variously coloured; Ar. with short green; Tub. low, broad, to over 4 cm lg.; Sp. 6-10,
white felt ; FI. to 2 cm lg., greenish-yellow; Ov. + unequal, to 5 cm lg., straw-colured; Sh. thin, loose;
conical, with many small brown Ar. and Glo. ; Fr. FI. 5 cm 0 , purple; Fr. ovoid, 2.5 cm lg., glabrous
small, + subspherical to davate (also in the type?), or somewhat spiny.—Mexico (Baja California, San
red or yellow, (var.?), 10-18 mm lg.—USA (in Ignacio).
SW.), Mexico. In habitat a very sharply spined,
extremely troublesome weed. C. mortolensis (Br. & R.) Knuth (2)
v. badia (Berg.) Knuth: Sp. long, stout; Sh. Bo. small-shrubby, to 60 cm h., dark green; shoots
chestnut-coloured. A form of this name (Rivière with + reddish or dark marks below the Ar.,
No. 8096) has constantly yellow Sp. with light sometimes only 2 cm lg., 4—5 mm 0 ; Tub.
brown Sh. ; FI. light greenish-yellow, to 17 mm indistinct; L. to 4 mm lg,, bronze at the tips; Ar.
0 ; Fr. oblong to pear-shaped, red ; with some deciduous H.: Glo. few, brown; Sp. on
v. brevispina (Eng.) Knuth: new shoots mostly 2 old Ar. 1, 3-5 cm lg.; Sh. brownish; FI. and Fr. ?—
from an Ar., one pointing upwards, the other Mexico.
downwards; Sp. either white, over 1 cm lg., or
very short, yellowish, dark-tipped; FI. 2 cm 0 , C. multigeniculata (Clok.) Backbg. (3)
whitish to yellowish-green; Fr. 1.4 cm lg., Bo. bushy, to 50 cm h.; shoots numerous, to 2 cm
oblong, red, yellowish-orange inside ; S. 3 mm lg. ; 0 ; Tub. low, 4-6 mm lg., to 3 mm br.; Sp. c. 12,
124
 CYLINDROPUNTIA

^eicular, 2-4 centrals to 18 mm Ig.; Sh. white; FI. with some Br.; Sh. reddish-brown; FI. subapical,
2.5 cmlg. and br.—Origin? 3.5 cm 0 , light yellow, bordered reddish; Fr.
proliferating, often sterile, tuberculate, with Sp.
C. x munzii(C. B. Wolf) Backbg. n.comb. (Opuntia and Br.—Mexico (Baja California, around San
■ munzii C. B. Wolf, Occ. Papers Rancho Sta. Ana Telmo).
Bot. Gard., 1:2,79.1938): a spontaneous hybrid of
C. bigelowii, with dull yellowish-white Sp. and a C. rosea(DC.) Backbg. (6)
ixer habit than C. bigelowii v. x hoffmannii; FI. Bo. to 1 m h., with a trunk to 5 cm 0 , very spiny;
rrownish- to greyish-pink. branches dense and projecting above; Sp. few at
first, later to 20 or more, 3^1 cm lg.; Sh.white; Ov.
C. parryi(Eng.) Knuth (4) glabrous or bristly; FI.pink; Fil.and stylepink; Fr.
Bo. low-bushy, to 40 cm h.; branches cylindric, to ovoid, tuberculate, to 2.5 cm lg., yellowish-
3J cm lg., to 2 cm 0 , very tuberculate; Tub. to 1.5 brownish, with fine Sp. to 2.5 cm lg.—Mexico
. n lg.; Ar.light brown; Glo.yellow; Sp.c. 10, to 3 (Hidalgo, Tula).
:m lg., dark brown; FI.apical, 4 cm lg., yellow; Fr. v. atrorosea Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 5.
avoid, 2 cm lg., deeply umbilicate, often spiny 1963: FI. deep carmine-pink, noticeably darker
hoove, full and spherical at maturity.—USA (S. than the type; Fr.4 cm lg., green inside, with Sp.
California). to 3 cmlg. (Fig. 78.)
C.prolifera(Eng.) Knuth (7) C. spinosior(Eng.) Knuth (6)
Bo. shrubby, to 2 m h.; trunk woody; terminal Bo. tree-like, to 4 m h., ± with a trunk; crown lax;
snoots to 12 cm lg., 3-5 cm 0 , easily detached, terminal shoots to 30 cm lg.. to 2.5 cm 0 , often
~eshy; Tub. short, plump; Sp. 6-12, to 12 mm lg., purplish, very tuberculate; Tub. to 12 mm lg. and
brown; Glo. pale; FI. red, rather small; Ov. with more, narrower, rather crowded; Sp.6-12, later to
reddish Sp.; Fr. proliferating, to 3.5 cm lg., often 25, to 15 mm lg., spreading, grey to brownish; Sh.
;;rile.—USA (S. California). thin; Glo. yellowish-white; FI. to 6 cm br., pink,
purple, yellow or white; style cream or pink; Fr.
C.ramosissima(Eng.) Knuth (1) spherical to oblong, very tuberculate, spineless,
Bo. bushy, sometimes to 2 m h.; shoots grey, yellow, to 4 cm lg.—USA (Arizona, New Mexico),
:::adly spreading, to 9 cm lg., c. 6 mm 0 ; Tub. N. Mexico.
fat, lozenge-shaped, 4-6-sided; Ar. brownish at
erst: Sp. (0 ) 1. to 6 cm lg., reddish at first; Sh. C. tesajo(Eng.) Knuth (2)
:c se, yellow; FI.4 cm lg., greenish-yellow; Fr.dry, Bo. bushy, to 30 cm h. and br.; branches of pencil-
eakly spiny.—USA (S. States), Mexico (Baja thickness, scarcely tuberculate, to 5 cm lg.; Ar. 5-6
California, Sonora). mm apart; Sp. 2 at first, to 8 mm lg., small, dark
coffee-coloured, later one main Sp. to 5 cm lg.,
C.recondita(Griff.) Knuth (3) tipped yellow; FI. to 1.8 cm lg., yellow.—Mexico
Bo.low-growing and densely bushy, to rather taller (Central Baja California),
-ad shrubby, to 1.5 m h.; trunk cylindric, to 7 cm v. cineracea (I. L. Wigg.) Backbg.: taller-
( shootsreadily detached, to 10 cm lg., older ones growing; epidermisash-grey.
:: 50 cm lg., to 2 cm 0 , very spiny; Tub. 5 cm lg., 6
mm br., becoming flatter; Ar. broadly oval, to 6 C. tetracantha(Tourney) Knuth (3)
mm br.; Glo.yellow; Sp.2-4 at first, later 6—8( 10), Bo.low-shrubby, to 1.5 m h.; trunkwoody, to 8 cm
^reading, to 5 cm lg., brown above; Sh. rather 0 ; branchesto 30 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , reddish; Tub.
gi ossy: Br.between the Sp., to 6 mm lg., sheathless, prominent at first, to 2.2 cm lg.; Glo. brown; Sp.
iirty black; FI. 2.5 cm 0 , purple; Fr. greenish- 3-6. mostly 4, thin, somewhat downcurving; FI.to
yellow, with a red overlay, to 3.5 cm lg., Glo. 2 cm br., orange to scarlet; Fr.coloured similarly,
brown.—Mexico (La Perla). to 2.5 cm lg., deeply umbilicate.—USA (Arizona,
. perrita (Griff.) Backbg.: shoots somewhat Tucson). (Fig. 77:1.) This spec, is regarded by
longer and more squarrose; Sp. with pale many authors as a form of C. arbuscula; but the
yellowish Sh. branches are longer, the Sp. more numerous and
the FI.-colour is different.
C.rosarica(Linds.) Backbg. (4)
Bo. low-shrubby, spreading, to 1 m h., mostly C. thurberi(Eng.) Knuth (3)
' aout a trunk; Br.to 20 cm lg., 2-5 cm 0 , bluish Bo. tall-shrubby, to 4 m h.; branchesslender, to 25
:> olive-green, becoming brownish; Tub. to 3 cm cm lg., 1-1.2 cm 0 ; Tub. to 2 cm lg., compressed
ig.. 1 cm br., almost forming ribs; Glo. numerous, laterally; Sp.3-5, to 12 mm lg., spreading; Sh.thin,
golden-yellow, to 4 mm lg.; Sp. 4-7, to 3.5 cm lg., brown; FI.3.5 cm 0 , brownish; Fr.to 3 cm 0 . —

125
CYLINDROPUNTIA—DELAETIA

Mexico (Sonora, Bacuachic; W. coast). Cylindropuntia: see also Austrocylindropuntia

Backbg. (S. American spec.).
C. tunicata(Lehm.) Knuth (6)
Bo. low-bushy (also described as forming a trunk; Cylindrorebutia Fric & Krzgr.: Mediolobivia
perhaps confused here with C. rosea?); branches Backbg., SG.2 Pygmaeolobivia Backbg., Series 1:
readily detached, short or to 15 cm lg., very Conoideae Backbg.
tuberculate; Sp. reddish at first, mostly 6-10, to 5
cm lg.; Sh.white, thin; FI. 3 cm lg. and br., yellow; Dactylanthocactus Y. Ito: BrasilicactusBackbg.
Ov. spiny or glabrous.—Mexico (a troublesome
weed of the Highlands); carried by man as far as S.
America. Deamia Br. & R. (43)
In cultivation this yellow-flowered plant and the
very similar but pink-flowered C. rosea are very Distinctive tree-climbing epiphytes; stems mostly
popular; however, if given insufficient light, the 3-winged with thin ribs but sometimes with 5-8 ribs
papery-sheathed Sp. become weak. or wings, clambering by means of aerial roots.
Areoles mostly with short thin spines. In the
C. versicolor (Eng.) Knuth (6) flowering season the plants produce numerous
Bo. bushy to tree-like, crown open, broad, some­ large, creamy-white blooms with laxly spreading,
times to 4 m br.; trunk and larger branches be­ narrower outer perianth-segments, and more
coming woody; terminal shootsto 20 cm lg., c. 2.5 crowded inner ones which are pointed. Styles with
cm 0 , rather variable in epidermis-colour, not very almost 20 thin long stigma-lobes spreading horiz­
tuberculate; Tub. 1.5 cm lg.; Sp.5-11, to 2.5 cm lg., ontally. These plants are far too seldom seen in our
dark; Sh. narrow; Glo. reddish-brown; FI. 3-5.5 collections since they grow well, although they do
cm br., yellow, green, red or brown; Ov. tuber­ require greenhouse conditions.—Distribution: S.
culate, with felt, Glo. and long deciduous Br.; Fr. Mexico to Colombia [3,///.]
long-persisting, to 4 cm lg., spherical to pear-
shaped, sometimes proliferating, ± tuberculate at D. diabolicaClov.
first.—USA (Arizona), N. Mexico (Fig. 77: 2-5.) Bo.with stout, segmented, 3-5-angled St.;Ri.thin,
to 4 cm h., somewhat notched; Ar. to 2 cm apart;
C. viridifiora(Br. & R.) Knuth (3) Sp.acicular, 0.5-5.2 cm lg., brown, becoming grey,
Bo. shrubby, to 60 cm h.; terminal shootsto 7 cm thickened below, one often much longer than the
lg., 1.5-2 cm 0 , often brittle; Ar. grey or yellow; others; FI.to 24 cm lg., white; Tu. with brownish
Sp.5-7, to c. 2 cm lg., dark brown; Glo.numerous, felt and brown to yellowish H.; Ov. with dense
yellow, short; FI. subapical, to 4.5 cm lg., green golden-brown Sp.; Fr. small, laxly spiny.—British
with a reddish tinge; Fr. very tuberculate, with long Honduras (Corozal).
deciduous Br.—USA (New Mexico, Santa Fe and
Fort Marcy). D. testudo(Karw.) Br. & R. (T.)
Bo. ± tree-like or shrub-like, clambering up trees
C. vivipara(Rose) Knuth (3) or over rocks, to 3 mlg.; branchesto 15 cmlg., 8 cm
Bo. to 3.5 m h., strongly branching; trunkto 10 cm br., light to emerald green; Ri.3-5-8; Ar.to 2.5 cm
0 ; branchesbluish-green, readily detached, 1-2 cm apart; Sp. 3^1 at first, later to over 10, to 2 cm lg.,
0 ; Tub. oblong, low, to 2 cm lg.; Ar.yellow; Glo. rather stiff, yellowish at first, then brown; FI.to 28
few or missing; Sp. 1-4, to 2 cm lg.; Sh. straw- cm lg., to 20 cm 0 , numerous on older plants,
coloured; FI. subapical, purple; Ov. very tuber­ white to creamy-white; Fr. spiny, red.—Mexico to
culate, with white deciduous Br.; Fr. oblong, to 6 Colombia. (Fig. 79.)
cm lg., yellowish-green, weakly umbilicate.—USA
(Arizona, near Tucson).
Delaetia Backbg. (123)
C. whipplei(Eng. & Big.) Knuth (3)
Bo. low, freely branching; terminal shoots 1-2 cm A hitherto monotypic genus. Bodies ± spherical,
0 ; Ar. oblong, light brown; Glo. pale yellow; Sp. with conspicuous chin-like tubercles and mostly
c. 12, to 2 cm lg., dark brown; Sh.light brown; FI.2 only 4 spines (more at first on cuttings). The
cm br., yellow; Fr.very tuberculate, spineless, to 4 relatively small flowers remain open for up to 14
cm lg., deeply umbilicate.—USA (N. Arizona, days; they have extremely narrow petals and are
New Mexico). obviously unisexual. The genus is named for the
v. enodis(Peebl.) Backbg.; differs in that the Fr. Belgian, De Laet, whose imported plants drew
is not tuberculate and the apical depression is many people to the cactus-hobby.—Distribution;
slight.—USA (Arizona, Hualpai Mts). Chile. [(G)?]
126
 DELAETI A—DISCOCACTUS

D. woutersianaBackbg. (T.) stouter; FI. 7 cm lg., limb slightly oblique; Pet.

Bo. subspherical, greyish-green; Ri. 13, with red.—Argentina (Tucuman, reputedly also in
pronounced chin-like projections; Ar. large, + Mendoza).
round to oblong, white; Sp.mostly 4, 1-2.5 cm lg.,
black to greyish-black, sometimes with annular Digitorebutia Fric & Krzgr. is a name for species of
markings; FI.2 cm lg. and about as br.; Pet. light the Genus Mediolobivia Backbg. (SG. Pyg-
brownish to orange-yellow, only to 1.8 mm br., maeolobivia Backbg.), with an elongated habit,
rent outwards; Fr.opening basally.—Chile (origin and the style + united at the base.
not known). (Fig. 80.)
Diploperianthium Ritt.: an early n.nud. for the
Genus Calymmanthium Ritt.
Dendrocereus Br. & R. (132)
A monotypic genus with a tree-like habit similar to Discocactus Pfeiff. (188)
that of the Genus Neoabbottia Br. & R., but with
flowers which are longer and broadly funnelform Spherical Cacti, with some resemblance in habit to
<not cylindric), and fruits which are fairly large; oldthe Melocactus species, but the apical cephalium is
plants have a stout trunk to 60 cm thick; flowers smaller, remains low, and is + interspersed with
: nly occasionally show tiny spines.—Distribution: bristles. Flowers nocturnal, white, elongated and
: nly in Cuba. [(R).] slender funnelform, perfumed; fruit berry-like.
Older imported plants are difficult to keep on their
D.nudiflorus(Eng.) Br. & R. (T.) own roots. Seedling plants present fewer
Bo.tree-like, to 10 m h, with a trunkto over 1mlg.; difficulties.—Distribution: Brazil, Paraguay, Bol­
tranches dark green, to 12 cm thick, 3-5-winged; ivia. [(G).]
Ri. sinuate to notched, to 7 cm h.; Ar. to 5 cm
anart; Sp.missing or acicular, 2-15, to 4 cm lg.; Fi. D. alteolensLem.
t r 14 cm lg., the corolla expanding widely; Tu.with Bo.broadly spherical, deep dull green, to 22 cm 0 ,
the upper Sc. united, those below sometimes with a to 11 cm h.; Ceph. to 2.5 cm h., to 5 cm 0 , with
imall Sp., Ov. similarly; Pet.to 4 cm lg.; Fr.to 12 bristly Sp. 1 cm lg., black; Ri.to c. 10, divided into
cm lg., thick-walled, smooth, green, naked.-f-Cuba ± oblique oval Tub.; Rsp. c. 5, horn-coloured,
«Havana to the E. Provinces). (Fig. 81.) sometimes an additional Sp. above, rather weaker
than in D. tricornis, to 2 cm lg., recurved; FI. to 7
cm lg., 5 cm 0 , with longer Sc. on the Tu.; Pet.
Denmoza Br. & R. (79) more broadly rounded, shortly tapering, + linear,
the outer ones spreading, the inner ones curving ±
One species is ± spherical; the second ultimately upwards; Fr. white to pink.—Brazil (W. Matto
■ecomes columnar, eventually with longer hair-like Grosso). (Fig. 83 left.)
pines mingling with the normal ones; the flowers
have extremely short petals and scarcely expand, D. bahiensisBr. & R.
•ith the clustered anthers projecting; the fruit is Bo. small, to 6cm 0 ; Ceph. with a few Br.; Ri.c.
-pherical and dry, and dehisces laterally.— 10, + concealed by the Sp.; Sp. 7-9, flattened,
D.stribution: NW. Argentina. [(R).] (Fig. 82.) pink, robust, recurved, 1-3 cm lg.; FI. 4-5 cm lg.,
with a slender Tu.; Pet.oblong, yellowish-white.—
D.ervthrocephala(K.Sell.) Berg. Brazil (Bahia).
Bo. eventually columnar, to 1.5 m h., to 30 cm 0 ;
Ri.20-30 ;Sp.numerous, over 30, the inner ones to D. boliviensis Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 5.
■ cm lg., fairly stiff, chestnut-coloured, the outer 1963.
: nes bristly, thin, eventually interspersed with H.; Bo. broadly spherical, bluish-green, to over 15 cm
FI.7.5 cm lg.; Pet. 1 cm lg., connivent.—Argentina 0 , to c. 7 cm h.; Ri.c, 13, not tuberculate to more
Mendoza, La Rioja, San Juan and reputedly also strongly so, to 4 cm br. below; Ar. only 2 on each
in Salta). The crown in very old specimens is Ri., dirty brownish; Rsp. 5, 2 uppers to 12 mm lg.,
-ometimes near-vertical (Fechser). terete, pressed closely against the Bo. above, light
brownish to horn-coloured, subulate, sometimes
D. rhodacantha(SD.)Br. & R. (T.) + flecked, 3 lower Sp. much stouter, to 3 cm lg., 2
Bo. spherical, eventually only moderately elon­ mm br., not thickened below, stout-subulate, ±
gated, to 16 cm br. has been reported; Ri. c. 15, projecting, especially the bottom central one, all
straight; Ar. to 2.5 cm apart; Rsp. 8-10, radiating, dirty horn-coloured, often fissured lengthwise, the
recurved, red, to 3 cm lg.; Csp. 0-1, somewhat bottom one sometimes ± compressed but not
127
DISCOCACTUS—DISOCACTUS

flattened; Ceph. to 4 cm 0, dirty brownish-felted, growers seem to have found imported plants difficult, and
lacking Br. and Sp.; FI. 5 cm lg.; Sep. tinged pale many of these have been lost; I myself have not found the
pinkish-brick; Pet. white; Fr. white; S. black, spec, easy from seed, even when these are available. One
nursery advises a minimum of 20°C for establishing
finely tuberculate.—Bolivia (plateau of La Cruz, 10 imports; the soil must be open and mostly mineral, with
km from San Cyrilo, among rocks). (Fig. 84.) watering only from below, and the atmosphere should
Distinguished from the other spec, by the absence preferably be moist during rooting. Plants which have
of Br. in the Ceph. The only species known to occur thoroughly dried out are difficult to bring into growth
in Bolivia. again, and like all species of the genus they need higher
temperatures than most greenhouses here can provide in
D. boomianus Buin. & Bred. winter, so special arrangements are called for—perhaps in
Bo.flat-spherical, offsetting from the base, to 10 cm the propagator. Interesting SEM photographs from
0, 6 cm h., green to dark green; R. branching; Ri. Heidelberg have shown that the spines are openly cellular
in structure, and it is believed this is a device for water-
16-20, spiralled, almost completely resolved into absorption.
Tub.; Ar. with creamy-white wool at first, later
glabrous, c. 3 mm lg.; Sp. 12-13, upper part yellow
to light brown, darker-tipped, later greyish-white; D. paranaensisBackbg.: Ceph. small, with few Br.;
Rsp. 5 on either side, bent to the Bo. and + Ri. c. 20, the largest known number.—Brazil
pectinate, also 1 pointing obliquely upwards and (Paraná acc. Voll (or Serra Paraná, N. of Brasi­
another obliquely downwards, these 3 cm lg., lia?)).
sometimes with a Csp. 3.5 cm lg.; Ceph. 4.5 cm 0
and h., especially large; FI. 9 cm 0, nocturnal, D. p!acentiformis(Lehm.) K.Sch. (T.)
strongly scented, with a small round pericarpel.— Bo. broad, low, bluish-green; Ri. 10-14, broad,
Brazil (Bahia, Serra de Espinhaco, c. 900 m). low; Ar. c. 6-7 on each Ri.; Rsp. dark, stout, 6-7,
+ recurved; Csp. mostly 0(-l); FI. large, with
D. hartmannii(K.Sch.) Br.& R. several R. of shorter inner Pet.; Sep. pinkish-red;
Bo. broadly spherical, glossy; Ceph. with many Pet. white; Fr. white.—Brazil (locality?). Ceph.
Br.; Ri. 12-16, transversely divided into large (acc, Pfeiffer) smaller, with Br.
Tub.; Sp. subulate, yellow; Rsp. 6-12, recurved to
appressed; Csp. 1; FI. with a few spreading Sc.; D. subnudus Br. & R.: spec, which has not been re­
Sep. green; Pet. lanceolate to oblong, white; Fr. collected; Ceph. small, ± spineless.—Brazil
yellow; S. 2 mm lg., glossy black.—Paraguay (on (Bahia).
the Rio Capivary).
D. tricornisMonv.
D. heptaeanthus(Rodr.) Br. & R. Bo. depressed-spherical; Ri. 10 or more, tuber­
Bo.to 16 cm 0,6 cm h.; Sp.uniformly 7; Ceph.to 5 culate, broad, not prominent; Ceph. 5 cm 0 ; 3
cm 0, 3.5 cm h.—Brazil (Matto Grosso, near main Sp. (and 3 thinner uppers) brown, directed
Cuyaba). downwards, + twisted; Csp. 0; FI. slender, 8 cm
lg., Pet. radiating laxly upwards and downwards,
D. horstiiBuin. & Bred. the lower Pet.recurved at anthesis; Fr.top-shaped,
Bo. flat-spherical, 4.5 cm 0, to 2 cm h.; Ri. 17-18, white or pale pink.—Brazil (near Diamantina).
with flat sides, 3 mm br., 7 mm deep, greyish-green, (Fig. 83 right.)
tinged violet; Ar.small, 6 mm apart; Sp.9-10, bent
towards the Bo. and clawlike, grey, tipped black, D. zehntneriBr. & R.
appressed; FI. pure white, to 60 mm lg. and 0, Bo. small-spherical, entirely covered by the Sp.
opening in the evening, strongly perfumed; An. which are almost white, thin-acicular, to 2.5 cm lg.;
whitish-yellowish; Sti.concealed at the base of the Csp. 1; Ceph.of long soft wool with some Br., these
Tu. (FI. develop only in quite hot weather); Ceph.2 in part absent; FI. only 3 cm lg.; Fr. small,
cm br., over-topped by brown Br. 2 cm lg. A dwarf spherical, red.—Brazil (Bahia, near Sentocé).
spec, of this unusual genus, with an extremely
unusual appearance and quite distinct spination; it
flowered in 1972 in the collections of several Disocactus Lindl. (40)
collectors.—Brazil (Mato Grosso, c. 1200 m, in
pure quartz sand.* Epiphytic plants, with the main stems ± terete, and
terminal shoots broad and leaf-like. If one follows
* Translator’s note: for articles with further information Britton & Rose in restricting the Genus to the 3
as well as photos, see the following: Nat. Cact. & Sue. J. species given below (i.e. excluding Chiapasia as
(GB): 1972 XXVII, 4. p. 94 and 1975 XXX, 1, p. 16-7; well as the species recently referred thereto by
also Kakt.u.a.Suk. 1975, XXVI, 3, p. 64—5. Most Kimnach), they have complete uniformity of floral
128
 DISOC ACTUS—DOLICOT'HELE

characters: shape ± tubular; tube slender, terete, This spec, was first described as belonging to the
± curving; perianth segments narrow, curving ± Genus Bonifazia; it has the lightest-coloured FI.
outwards. The flowers of each species are red, they and Fr.
and the small white to red fruits being glabrous.
The species are therefore readily identifiable in D. ramulosus (SD.) Kimn.: Rhipsalis ramulosa
both the Classification and the Key. The position is (SD.) Pfeiff.
different if, following Kimnach, one includes
Chiapasia as well as Pseudorhipsalis and Rhipsalis
ramulosa (see under the latter); he also refers the Dolicothele (K.Sch.) Br. & R.
following to his “Disocactus ramulosus (SD.) emend. Backbg. (230)
Kimn.” : Rh. coriacea, angustissima, jamaicensis,
purpusii and leiophloea. If one considers the form This Genus has received widely different treat­
and size of the flowers in the species Kimnach ment : it is not recognised by some authors, while
gathers under Disocactus: Chiapasia with its large others see the small-flowered species as a valid
bellshaped flowers; the uniformly slender shape of Genus by themselves (Buxbaum), or as a Sub­
the three species given hereunder; the flowers of section of Mammillaria. A character common to
Pseudorhipsalis, and finally the minute, strongly both the large and the small flowering groups are
rhipsalis-like forms of “Disocactus ramosus”, then the usually more flexible spines, together with
it is difficult to foresee all the consequences of his tubercles which are mostly softer and frequently
procedure, particularly when practical require­ unusually long, especially in the small-flowered
ments are taken into account. Previous classifi­ species, but also in the large-flowered ones and in
cations of all species worked reasonably well, part also in those with hooked spines. If the various
whereas a very drastic combination of this kind can species are placed side by side, they are seen to
scarcely be reflected in either Classification or constitute a quite separate and distinctive group, as
Keys, and diagnosis then becomes more difficult. Vaupel recognised; the seeds of the large-flowered
Again, if one considers Kimnach’s changing species are larger and black, and those of the small-
treatment of “Werckleocereus imitans” for in­ flowered ones small and brown.—Distribution:
stance, together with similar changes in Buxbaum’s USA (Texas) to Mexico (from the NE. States to
treatments, the system of combinations may Oaxaca). [(R). ]
perhaps be justified on grounds of phylogenetic The figure in brackets after the specific name refers
theory, but can certainly not be upheld on the basis to the appropriate Series: 1. Macrofloridae Tieg.
of phytographic practice, where the tasks are of a (large-flowered); 2. Microfloridae Tieg. (small-
different order. In a comprehensive work like the flowered).
present one there must of course be uniformity,
ignoring any narrow specialisms, so that within the D. albescens(Tieg.) Backbg. (2)
present framework it is not possible to accept this Bo. offsetting, individual St.spherical; Tub. longer
kind of deviation from previous classificatory and soft, green, to 2 cm lg.; Ax. with 2-4 yellowish
methods.—Distribution (of the 3 species hitherto Br.; Rsp. 4—5(—6), 8-15 mm lg.; Csp. mostly 0
referred to Disocactus): Guatemala to Honduras. (sometimes 1, to 1.5 cm lg.); all Sp. yellowish at
[(R)] first, then white; FI. 2 cm lg., 1.8 cm br.; Sep. pale
greenish-white; Pet. similarly or white; Fr. 2.5 cm
D. biforniis(Lindl.) Lindl. (T.) lg., green to reddish.—Mexico (Queretaro).
Bo. bushy; shoots narrow, long, with only slight
step-like notches; FI. 5-6 cm lg.; An. little D. balsasoides(Craig) Backbg. (1)
projecting; Pet. more strongly spreading- Bo. solitary or offsetting, single heads to 7 cm 0 ;
recurving.—Honduras and Guatemala (Alot- Ax. with 2-6 Br. the same length as the Tub.: Rsp.
enango). 10-11, to 6 mm lg., white, spreading; Csp. 4, to 9
mm lg., the lowest one hooked; FI. bellshaped, 4 cm
D. eichlamii(Wgt.) Br.& R. br.; Sep.light green; Pet. orange, acute, 3 mm br.;
Bo. bushy, branching from near the base; shootsto Fr. and S. ?—Mexico (Guerrero).
22 cm lg., 4.5 cm br., broader than the preceding,
dentately notched; FI. 6-7 cm lg.; An. further D. baumii(Bod.) Werd. & F. Buxb. (1)
projecting; Pet. less spreading.—Guatemala (near Bo. ± ovoid, to 8 cm h., 6 cm 0 , offsetting; Tub.
Sta. Lucia). (Fig. 85.) glossy, green, to 1 cm lg.; Ax. woolly at first; Rsp.
30—35, to 1 cm lg., thin, hair-like, white; Csp. 5-6,
D. quezaltecus(Standi. & Steyerm.) Kimn. to 1.8 cmlg., thin-acicular, pale yellow; FI. 3 cm lg.
Bo. bushy; FI.8.5-9 cm lg., whitish-purple; Fr. 18 and br., strongly perfumed; Sep. greenish-yellow;
mm lg., yellowish-red. FI. last 4 days.—Guatemala. Pet. sulphur-yellow; Fr. greyish-green, broadly
129
DOLICOTHELE

ovoid, 1.5 cm lg.—Mexico (Tamaulipas, near San coloured, stiffly acicular, rough; FI. yellow, fairly
Vicente). large.--Mexico (Oaxaca).

D. beneckei(Ehrenbg.) Backbg. (1) D. nelsonii(Br. & R.) Backbg. (1)

Bo. oblong, offsetting, darker to lighter to Bo. solitary or offsetting; Tub. dark green, often
yellowish-green; Tub. cylindric; Ax. woolly; Rsp. reddish, shortly and broadly conical, to 7 mm lg.;
12-15, radiating, appressed, whitish to brown- Ax. somewhat woolly; Rsp. 13-15, to 8 mm lg.,
tipped; Csp.2-6,stouter, 1-2of these twice as long finely acicular, white, brownish-tipped; Csp.
as the others, hooked, brown, black-tipped; FI.to 4 (2-)4(-6), the lowest one to 1 cm lg., hooked; FI.
cm br.; Sep. greenish, bordered yellow; Pet.to 1.7 yellow, fairly large; Fr. reddish.—Mexico (Mich-
cm lg., to 4 mm br., a milky buttercup-yellow; Fr. oacan, Guerrero).
deep dull reddish-green.—Mexico (Guerrero,
lower Rio Balsas). D. sphaerica(Dietr.) Br. & R. (1)
Bo. offsetting to form mats to 50 cm br.; Tub.
D. camptotricha(Dams) Tieg. (2) rather soft, pale to darker green, conical-cylindric,
Bo. forming groups, single heads to 7 cm br.; Tub. to 1.6 cm lg.; Ax. weakly woolly; Rsp. 12-15, to 9
deep to light green, long and slender conical, to 2 mm lg., white to pale yellow, darker below,
cm lg.; Ax. somewhat woolly, with 2-5 yellowish spreading sideways; Csp. 1, to 4 mm lg., thin-
Br. to 15 mm lg.; Rsp. 4-6(-8), to 3 cm lg., thin, + subulate, smooth, chalky-yellowish; FI.to 7 cm 0 ,
contorted, greenish-white at first, soon becoming light yellow; Fr. greenish-white, sometimes tinged
yellow; Csp. 0; FI. 1.3 cm lg., scarcely 1 cm 0 , purple, to 1.5 cm lg. —USA (Texas) to N. Mexico
perfumed; Pet.white with a greenish M.-stripe; Fr. (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas).
2 cm lg., slender, pale green, sometimes tinged
reddish.—Mexico (Queretaro). There is a form D. surculosa(Bod.) F. Buxb. (2)
with more appressed, shorter, stouter, bent, yellow Bo. offsetting to form mats, single heads rather
Sp. small, to 3 cm 0 ; Tub. soft, dark green; Ax.
glabrous; Rsp. to 15, to 1 cm lg., white to pale
D. decipiens(Scheidw.) Tieg. (2) yellow; Csp. 1-2, to 2 cm lg., smooth, one sharply
Bo.forming groups, single heads + spherical; Tub. hooked; FI. funnelform, to 1.8 cm br.; Sep.
soft, to 11 mm lg., cylindric; Ax. weakly woolly, chrome-yellow with a pink dorsal stripe; Pet.
with 4white to pink Br.; Rsp. 7-8,to 1cm lg., fine- sulphur-yellow with a tiny red tip and an orange
acicular, yellowish-white; Csp. l(-2), to 1.8cm lg., stripe on the underside, 3 mm br.; Fr. clavate,
thin-acicular, straight, stiffer, yellowish below, green, sometimes reddish or darker.—Mexico
reddish-brown above, porrect; FI.to 2 cm lg.; Pet. (Tamaulipas).
white, M.-line pink; Fr.green, washed reddish, to 2
cm lg., 4cm thick.—Mexico (San Luis Potosí). D. uberiformis(Zuce.) Br. & R. (1)
Bo. offsetting, single heads depressed-spherical, to
D.longimamma (DC.) Br. & R. (1) (T.) 10 cm 0 ; Tub.to only 3.5 cm lg., conical-cylindric;
Bo. solitary or offsetting; Tub. laxly arranged, Ax. glabrous; Rsp. only (3-)4 5( 6). to 1.6 cm lg.,
rather soft, 3-7 cm lg.; Ax. felty to glabrous; Rsp. reddish-brown at the base, straight or rather
9-10, to 2 cm lg., white to pale yellow, thin and contorted, rough, horn-coloured; FI. 3.5 cm 0 ;
flexible; Csp. 0—1(—3), to 2.5 cm lg., acicular, light Sep. reddish; Pet. in 2 series, yellow, serrate.—
brown, dark-tipped; FI.to 6 cm 0 ; Sep. greenish- Mexico (Hidalgo).
yellow or darker; Pet. light yellow; Fr. thick-
clavate, yellowish-green.—Mexico (Hidalgo). (Fig. D. zephyranthoides(Scheidw.) Backbg. (1)
86.) Bo. solitary, depressed-spherical, rarely elongated,
v. gigantothele (Berg) Craig: probably only a to 8 cm h., 10 cm0 , carrot-like below; Tub. soft,
form; especially during dormancy, dark bluish-green,
v. globosa (Lk.) Craig: Per. more closed; Bo. conical, to 2.5 cm lg.; Ax. naked; Rsp. 12-18, to 1.2
more spherical, dark green, with up to 12 Sp. cm lg., + hairlike, rough, white; Csp. 1(— 2), short,
to 1.4 cm lg., one always hooked, at first also
D. melaleuca(Karw.) Craig (1) reddish, then yellowish to reddish-brown, rough;
Bo. solitary to offsetting, glossy, green; Tub. FI. 4 cm lg. and br.; Sep. greenish to brown; Pet.
conical to cylindric, to 2.5 cm lg.; Ax. often woolly, white to yellow; Fr. ovoid, stout, reddish. There
sometimes with Br.; Rsp. 6—7(— 9), radiating, to 1.4 appear to be two forms, differing in Tub.-size;
cm lg., acicular, upper ones blackish-red, others the FI.-colour therefore also perhaps different?—
chalky horn-coloured; Csp. 0—1,1 cmlg., similarly Mexico (Querétaro, Oaxaca).
130
 DRACOCACTUS-ECHINOCACTUS

Dracocactus Y. Ito is a name for Horridocactus E. californicus Monv.: not clarified, probably a
Backbg. Ferocactus.
Ebnerella F. Buxb. was a synonym for the later E. glaucus K.Sch.: see under SclerocactusBr. & R.
Genus Chilita (Ore.) F. Buxb., which the author
eventually referred to Mammillaria Haw. E. grandisRose
Bo. stoutly cylindric, to 2 m h„ to 1 m 0 , dull
Ebneria Backbg. is a Subgenus of Monvillea Br. & green; young plants with red transverse bands; Ri.
R. numerous but at first only c. 8; Ar. eventually
confluent; Sp. stout, subulate, yellowish at first,
then reddish-brown, sometimes banded; Rsp. 5-6,
Eccremocactus Br. & R. (36) 3-4 cm lg.; Csp. 1,4—5 cm lg.; FI. 4-5 cm lg.; Fr.to 5
cm lg.—Mexico (Puebla). The correct (and earliest)
Plants similar in habit to Epiphyllum, but the name is probably: E. minax Lem.
flowers have a rather short tube and a bellshaped
rerianth; the ovary is set with some short felt E. grusoniiHildm.
rarely with minute bristles); the oblong fruit is Bo.large, spherical, either broadly so or tall, to 1.3
somewhat angular and the numerous small seeds m h. and 80 cm 0 , light green; Ri. to over 30;
are black. Only 1 species.-—Kimnach (USA) crown with thick white wool; Ar. later confluent
referred to this Genus two species with spiny above; Rsp. 8-10, to 3 cm lg.; Csp. mostly 4,
: varies, whereas the generic diagnosis specifies for cruciform, to c. 5 cm lg.; Sp. all yellow; FI.
Eccremocactus only “traces of felt”. For this bellshaped, to 6 cm lg., 5 cm 0 ; Sep. brownish
reason those species must both be referred to outside; Pet. cadmium-yellow, narrowly lan­
Ervptocereus.—Distribution: only in Costa Rica. ceolate ; Fr.c. 2 cm lg., densely white-woolly; S. 1.5
;R).] mm lg.—Mexico (San Luis Potosí to Hidalgo).
(Fig. 88.)
E. bradeiBr. & R. (T.)
Bo. bushy, pendulous, epiphytic; shoots to 30 cm E. horizonthaloniusLem.
g- to 10 cm br., light matt green, margins not Bo. flattened-spherical to elongated, to 25 cm h.,
reeply notched; Ar.with 1-3 small Sp. to 6 mm lg., pruinose-grey; Ri. mostly 8(-13), straight or
r these absent; FI. to 7 cm lg., bellshaped- spiralled; Sp.6-9, to 4 cm lg., terete to + flattened
: annelform; Sep. thick, glossy, pink to whitish- or claw-like, mostly only 1 + central, variable in
rink: Pet. waxy, white; Ov. + angular,—Costa colour from dark reddish at first, or above and at
Rica (Cerro Turiwares). (Fig. 87.) the base, otherwise amber-coloured; FI. pale to
pinkish-red, to 3 cm lg.; Fr.to 3 cm lg., oblong, red,
Eccremocactus imitans (Kimn. & Hutch.) Kimn.: very woolly; S. 3 mm lg., papillose, brownish-
Cryptocereusimitans(Kimn. & Hutch.) Backbg. black.—USA (S. States) to Mexico (from the N. to
the Federal District).
Eccremocactus rosei Kimn.: Cryptocereus rosei
Kimn.) Backbg. E. ingensZucc.
Bo. stoutly cylindric, to 1.5 m h. and 1.25 m 0 ,
greyish-green; crownwhite-woolly; Ri.to over 50;
Echinocactus Lk. & O. (189) Ar. yellowish-woolly; Rsp. c. 8; Csp. 1; all Sp.
brown at first, 2-3 cm lg.; FI.2 cm lg., 3 cm 0 ; Pet.
small to very large plants, some of the latter the 1 obtuse, yellow; Fr. 3 cm lg., very woolly.—
.irgest of all the spherical Cacti; all have yellow Mexico (Hidalgo).
flowers, with one pink-flowered exception; the
~rge species mostly bear numerous flowers. The E. krausei Hildm., although not completely clari­
crown is woolly, the tube similarly; hooked spines fied, probably belongs to the Genus Echinomastus
~re never present. The + oblong woolly fruit is Br. & R. The species is said to have a spiny FL,
ritually dry and dehisces basally; the relatively which is unusual for the whole of the Northern
-rge seeds are dull or glossy, brownish-black and Group (anomalous?)
riack. the flesh of some species is candied as
: veetmeats.—Distribution: USA (Southern E. leucotrichus Phil.: Arequipa leucotricha (Phil.)
Srates) to Mexico (from the N., to S. Puebla). Br. & R.
;Seedlings: (G).]
E. minax Lem. is probably the correct name for E.
E. amazonicus Witt: possibly a Melocactus species. grandisRose
131
ECHINOCACTUS-ECHINOCEREUS

E. paimeriRose referred to Cereus, the large collective Genus of this

Bo.stout-cylindric, to 2 m h., to 50 cm 0 ; Ri.12-26 name, on account of their predominantly cylindric
or more; Rsp.5-8, shorter, lighter and weaker than form. However, as + shortly cereoid plants with
the 4 Csp. which are robust, banded, to 8 cm lg., soft flesh and + acicularly spiny flowers and fruits,
yellow above, brown below; FI. relatively small, they constitute a very characteristic and diverse
yellow; Pet. 2 cm lg.; Fr. 3 cm lg., densely white- group of species—i.e. predominantly cereoid in
woolly.—Mexico (S. Coahuila to Zacatecas). form, reducing to small-spherical—for which I
have therefore segregated their own Group,
E. parryiEng. Echinocerei; Engelmann gave expression to this
Bo. subspherical at first, becoming cylindric, special position in the generic name. The Genus is
bluish-grey, to 30 cm h. or more, to 35 cm 0 , particularly difficult to classify since many species
always solitary; Ri. c. 13, tuberculate. spiralled; are very variable, and there are transitional forms
Sp. to 15, white, rigid, straight; Rsp. to 11; Csp. 4, between similar species. The older authors fol­
to 5 cm lg.; FI. very woolly: Pet. brilliant yellow; lowed the same principle as I have done: to record
Fr. oblong.—USA (El Paso) to N. Mexico (Chih­ clearly the natural swarms of species and forms by
uahua, near the frontier). dividing also into varieties. Some recent authors,
particularly those in America, have objected to this
E. platyacanthusLk. & O. (T.) and have in fact grouped the species into larger
Bo. broadly spherical (always?), to 50 cm 0, fresh genera, although no two opinions agree. This can
green; Ri. 21-24; Rsp. smaller, 4; Csp. 3-4, the only be damaging to our knowledge of the
larger ones flattened, transversely banded; FI. 3.75 astonishing natural variability which is so pro­
cm lg., yellow.—Mexico. E. paimeri may be a form minent a feature of Echinocereus; precise record­
of, or even identical with, E. platyacanthus, since ing is therefore of greater importance than
the latter has never been rediscovered, and the subjective groupings, and we must apply
former shows only insignificant differences. Spegazzini’s phrase: “melius abundare quam
deficere”, so that accurately recorded data can
E. polycephalusEng. & Big. provide the tool for further investigations.
Bo. spherical to cylindric, freely offsetting to form Most of the species tend to offset, some very much
large groups, single heads to 70 cm lg. have been so; and many—particularly the "Pectinati”, those
noted; Ri. 13-21, + sinuate; Rsp. to c. 10, to 5 cm with a ± comb-like arrangement of the spines—
lg.; Csp. 4, stouter, 3-9 cm lg., ± banded; Sp. have conspicuously colourful spination; in many
downy at first, then smooth, subulate, reddish; FI. species the flowers last for quite a long time, while
to 6 cm lg., yellowish; Fr. 2.5 cm lg., densely the size varies from relatively large funnelform, to
woolly; S. papillose, angular, dull black.—USA fairly small. The fruits of some species are used for
(Utah and more southern States) to Mexico (Baja making jam (even nowadays?).—Distribution:
California, N. Sonora). USA (from roughly the central W. States to the S.
E. visnagaHook. frontier), Mexico (Baja California, W. coast, and
Bo. stoutly cylindric, to 3 m h., to 1 m 0 ; crown from the N. to the Central Highlands). [(R.), (G);
brownish to light; Ri. to 40, with a longitudinal the green, freely offsetting species grow well on
furrow along the crest; Ar. + confluent above; Sp. their own roots.]
only 4, cruciform, stout, to 5 cm lg., pale brown; FI. For the sake of clarity, the species have been
to 8 cm 0, yellow; Pet.to 3.5 cm lg.; Fr.cylindric, grouped in the following Series, and the appro­
very woolly.—Mexico (San Luis Potosí). priate figure is shown in brackets after the specific
name:
E. xeranthemoides(Coult.) Eng. Flowers slender, fairly
Bo. forming groups, single heads to 18 cm h., light long.......................... 1. Scheeriani Backbg.
green; Ri. 13, slightly tuberculate; Sp. 10-15, Flowers small to larger
whitish-pink at first, thin, stiff, banded; Rsp. 3^1 funnelform, or without
cm lg., ± recurved; Csp. 4, 3-6 cm lg., one longer a long tube:
than the others, stiff, somewhat curving; El. 5 cm Spines inconspicuous
lg., light yellow; Fr.3 cm lg., densely woolly; S.2.5 or missing............... 2. Subinermes K.. Sch.
mm lg., glossy, brownish-black.—USA (Utah Spines more
-Arizona border). conspicuous
Body (eventually)
prostrate ............ 3. Prostrati K. Sch.
Echinocereus Eng. (137) Body erect
(including the
The species of this Genus were for some time _ pectinate species). 4. Erecti K. Sch.
132
 ECHINOCEREUS

E.acifer(O.) Lem. (4) varieties are distinguished:

Bo. offsetting; Ri.c. 7, very tuberculate; Rsp. 7-8, v. albispinus(Lahm.) Backbg.: Sp.white, longer;
radiating and projecting, thin; Csp. 1-4; all Sp. v. brunispinusBackbg.: Sp.long, all brown;
: rown, the centrals somewhat stouter; FI.red.—N. v. caespiticus Backbg.: forming cushions; Sp.
'•lexico(?). A little understood species which can short, white;
-all be found in older collections. v. flavispinusBackbg.: Sp.long, weak, yellowish-
v. durangensis (Pos.) K. Sch. is better accorded white ;
specific rank, as was earlier the case: E. v. roseispinus Backbg.: Sp. long, weak, pink
durangensisPos.; above.
v. trichacanthus Hildrn. is doubtfully referable
here; it has whitish Rsp., 1 dirty brown Csp.,and E. barthelowanusBr. & R. (4)
the FI.and An. are garnet-red. Bo. forming groups; St.cylindric, to 20 cm lg., 4—5
cm 0; Ri.c. 10, + tuberculate; Sp. + interlacing,
E. adustusEng. (4) more numerous, to 7 cm lg., pink at first, becoming
Bo.solitary, shortly cylindric, to 6 cm h.; Ri.13-15; white or yellow, tipped brown or black; Csp. c. 6,
\r. elliptic; Rsp. 16-20, + appressed; Csp. 0-1, thickened below, one of these longer; FI. purple,
: ::en elongated and projecting; all Sp. with brown very short; Pet. only 3-4 mm lg.; Ov. very spiny,
: dark tips; FI.to 4 cm lg., purple, with longer H. with white, pink-tipped Sp.—Mexico (Baja Cal­
~nd short brown Sp.—Mexico (Chihuahua). ifornia, Sta. Maria Bay).

E. albatusBackbg. (4) E. blanckii(Pos.) Palm. (3)

Bo.short-cylindric, somewhat branching, to c. 4 cm Bo. freely offsetting; St.dark green, 5-6-angled, to
7 Ri.c. 12, low, with small Tub.; Rsp. c. 40; Csp. 2.5 cm 0 , tuberculate; Rsp. 8, white, one of them
. 10, scarcely differentiated; all Sp. stiff, white, mostly red at first above; Csp. 1-2, to 3 cm lg. or
: snse, brittle; FI.light red with a darker M.-stripe, more, mostly brown or black; FI. large, ±
: 10 cm 0 . —Mexico. fluttering, violet-red.—Mexico (Tamaulipas). The
following varieties are distinguished, all previously
regarded as having specific rank:
E. amoenus (Dietr.) K.Sch. (2) v. berlandieri(Pos.) Backbg.: darker green; Csp.
Bo. low-growing, thickened below; Ri. 13, some- 1, yellowish-brown; FI. not fluttering, carmine-
mes weakly tuberculate; Sp. at first only 6-8, pink;
short, eventually dropping; FI. 5 cm lg., light v. leonensis (Matths.) Backbg.: light green; Ri.
rurplish-red, green-striped on the outside; Tu. and 6-7; Rsp.entirely white; Csp.only 1, to 3 cm lg.;
Ov. with shorterbrown H. and Br.—Mexico (San FI. purplish-violet, dark-striped;
Luis Potosí; Hidalgo). v. poselgerianus(Lke.) Backbg.: light green; Ri.
6-7; Csp. 1-3, with brown bands; Rsp. white,
E. arizonicusOre. (4) yellow-tipped; FI. carmine-violet.
Bo. forming groups; Ri. 10, ± tuberculate; Ar.
Lite; Rsp. 10, unequal, white; Csp. 1^4, stout, the E. - bonkerae Thornb. & Bonk.: see E. fendleri
-■vest one longest, to 2.5 cm lg., weakly angular (Eng.) Riimpl.
relow, purple; FI. carmine.—USA (Arizona),
rometimes referred to E. fendleri and E. triglochi- E. boyce-thompsonii Ore.: see E. fendleri (Eng.)
riatus; therefore better regarded as distinct spec. Riimpl.
E.armatus(Pos.) Knuth (4) E. brandegeei(Coult.) K.Sch. (4)
Bo.cylindric; Ri.c. 20; Rsp.dull olive to brownish; Bo. forming groups; St.long-cylindric; Ri. tuber-
Csp. 1 at first, later 2, somewhat longer than the culate;Ar. 1-1.5cm apart; Sp. 12-16, 5-15mmlg.,
Rsp.. projecting, blackish.—Origin? Formerly reddish-yellow to grey, mostly thickened and light
■eferred to E.pectinatus, but quite clearly differen- brown below; Csp. 4, cruciform, flattened and
r.ated from the latter. dagger-like, 3-angled, base as for Rsp., the lowest
one to 8 cm lg., all very robust; FI. to 5 cm lg...
E.baileyiRose (4) rather more across; Sep.violet-red, M.-stripe olive-
Bo.cylindric, to over 10 cm h., 5 cm 0 ; Ri. 15, ± coloured; Pet. to 4.5 cm lg., reddish-violet; Fr.
■piralled; Rsp. c. 16, white at first, later yellowish, spherical, 3 cm 0 .—Mexico (Baja California and
: r brownish tinged pink; Csp. 0; FI.6 cm 0 , light neighbouring islands).
rurple; Ov. shortly hairy, with 10-12 thin whitish
:r brownish Sp.; Fr. green, ovoid, c. 1 cm' 0 . — E. bristoliiMarsh. (4)
USA (Oklahoma, Wichita Mts.). The following Bo. offsetting; St. to 20 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , whitish-

133
ECHINOCEREUS

green; Ri. 15-16, tuberculate; Rsp. 20, thin, white; obtuse;Rsp.8-10,to 2cm lg.; Csp. 1-4,to 2(—3) cm
Csp. 3, the lowest one curved downwards, white lg., ruby-red below at first (Schumann); Sp. all
below, red-tipped; FI. 9 cm lg., purple; Fr. very whitish; FI.6-8 cm lg., to 6 cm 0 ; Tu. short, with
spiny.—[Distribution, amended by W. Haage] white wool and Br.; Pet.purple, throat lighter; Fr.
Mexico (Sonora, W. of Moctezuma). violet-pink, to 3 cm 0 .—Central Mexico. Rather
variable, acc. Berger.
E.caespitosusEng. (4)
Bo. fairly slender; St. rather elongated, especially E.coccineusEng. (4)
in cultivated plants; Ri. 12-18; Ar. + woolly at Bo. spherical-ovoid, 3-5 cm 0 , eventually elon­
first; Rsp. 20-30, mostly whitish to ± pink; Csp. gated and offsetting to form groups to 1m br., to 20
absent or very rarely 1-2, short; FI.to 8 cmlg. and cm h., sometimes in colonies of to 200 St.; Ri.8-11,
br., brilliant pink.—USA to N. Mexico (Saltillo). tuberculate; Rsp.acicular, 8-12, to 2 cm lg., mostly
Obviously a rather variable spec. 1have a specimen white; Csp. several, longer and rather stouter,
which corresponds fairly closely with the Fig. of yellowish, whitish or even reddish or blackish; FI.
Boissevain & Davidson (“Colorado Cacti”, 46. 5- 7 cm lg., scarlet (to carmine).—USA (S. States to
1940, Fig. 32) and is very slender, with only 11 Ri.; Colorado).
Sp. brownish-white at first, soon all white; most v. kunzei(Giirke) Backbg.: differentiated by 1-3
Ar. lack any Csp., but sometimes one finer, shorter, Csp., purplish-red at first above, becoming
dark Sp. is present; FI. c. 7.5 cm 0 , as in the above white, thickened below; Fl. to 8 cm 0 , scarlet
description, but the throat, Fil. and style are with a broad carmine stripe.—USA (Arizona,
greenish. The Sp. are "not interlocking” (Boiss. & Phoenix; rare).
Davids.).
Britton & Rose referred the spec, to E. re- E. conglomeratusForst. (4)
ichenbachii and said: "spines interlocking". Thus Bo. forming groups; St. 10-20 cm lg.; Ri. 11-13,
the 2 spec, are not identical; however E. caespitosus slightly sinuate; Rsp. 9-10, to 1.6 cm lg., glassy,
is probably somewhat variable, like some other yellow below; Csp.several, to 7 cm lg., flexible; Fl.
spec. In their description, Boiss. & Davids, give the 6- 7 cm lg., widely expanding, purple, with white
Fil. as brownish-purple and the style as yellowish. Sp.;Pet.2 cm lg.;Fr.3 cm 0 .—Mexico (Coahuila,
Nuevo Leon, Zacatecas). Sp.-colour said to vary
The form with pure white Sp. is sometimes known from white to brownish (Knuth).
as E. caespitosus v. tamaulipensis (Fric) Borg; it
also offsets from the flanks. E. cucumis Werd.: E. gentryi Clov.
E. canyonensis Clov. & Jott.: probably only an
ecotype of E.roemeri, E.dasyacanthusEng. (4)
Bo.mostly solitary, cylindric, to 30 cm lg., to 10 cm
E. castaneus bort.: see E. pectinatus v. castaneus 0 , densely spiny; Ri. 15-21, low; Rsp. 16-24, pink
(Eng.) Maths. at first, fine; Csp. 3-8, somewhat stouter; Fl.to 10
cm lg., c. 7.5 cm 0 , opening only around midday,
E. chisoensisMarsh. (4) yellowish; Ov. very spiny; Fr.spherical, purple, to
Bo. solitary, cylindric; Ri. 15-16, spiralled, tuber­ 3.5 cm 0 . —USA (W. Texas, S. New Mexico),
culate; Rsp. 11-14, bristly, brown, white below; Mexico (Chihuahua). Sp.-tips vary from reddish
Csp. bristly, 1-4,dark; FI.6cm lg., with wool and through brownish to blackish.
bristly Sp.; Sep.pink; Pet.pink; Fr.clavate, 3.5 cm v. ctenoides (Eng.) Backbg.: Ri. only to 17; Sp.
lg., red.—USA (Texas, Chisos Mts.). more distinctly thickened below; Csp. mostly
only 2-3; FI.rather shorter;
E. chloranthus (Eng.) Riimpl.: E. viriditlorus v. v. steereae(Clov.) Marsh.: similar to the type but
chloranthus(Eng.) Backbg. the Fl.is red.

E.chlorophthalmus(Flook.) Br.& R. (4) E. davisii A. D. Houghton: E.viridiflorusv. davisii

Bo. offsetting; St. + spherical, bluish-green; Ri. (A. D. Houghton) Marsh, (also regarded as a
10-12, + tuberculate; Rsp. 7-10, thin-acicular, to distinct spec.). (Fig. 89.)
18 mm lg.; Csp. 1, stouter; FI.purple, throat white;
Ov. very tuberculate.—Mexico (Real del Monte). E. decumbens Clov. & Jott. (3)
Bo. offsetting; St.to over 50,to 60 cm lg., to 5 cm
E.cinerascens(DC.) Riimpl. (3) 0 ; Sp.yellow to white or pink; Csp.3-4, the lowest
Bo.forming mats to 1.2 m br. and 30 cm h.; St.4-5 one longest, to 3.5 cm lg., the others and the Rsp.to
cm 0 ; Ri. mostly (5— )6—8(—12), broad, rather 2.2cm lg., weak, flexible; Fl. ?—USA (Arizona).
134
 ECHINOCEREUS

E.delaetiiGiirke (4) USA (New Mexico, Arizona), N. Mexico (Sonora,

Bo. offsetting; St. erect, laxly branching, to 30 cm Chihuahua). Spec, varies; some specimens resemble
£.: Rsp. 18-36, (yellowish-)white, 8-10 mm lg., E. triglochidiatus, but latter has scarlet FI.
•.larp; Csp. 4—5, bristly, yellowish, reddish-tipped, v. albiflorus(Wgt.) Backbg.: differs in having FI.
2- 3 cm lg., straight or contorted, to 3 cm lg., also white to pale pink;
several ± contorted stout H. 6-10 cm lg., white or v. bonkerae (Thornb. & Bonk.) L. Bens.: Bo.
grey: FI. 6-7 cm lg., 6 cm 0 , light purplish-pink.— forming groups of up to 15 St., to 20 cm lg., c.
Mexico (Coahuila). 6.25 cm 0 ; Ri. 11-16; Csp. 1(—3) to 0.8 cm lg.,
projecting, white or pale grey, brown-tipped; FI.
E. dubius(Eng.) Rumpl. (4) to 6.25 cm 0 ; Fr.to 2.5 cm lg.—USA (Arizona).
Bo. offsetting, forming dense groups; St. to 20 cm This has been accorded different status by 3
g . lighter green, to 20 cm lg.; Ri. c. 6-7, swollen American authors, including specific rank,
.round the Ar.; Rsp. 5-8, 12-30 mm lg.; Csp. 1-4, which demonstrates how the views of the
: .7 to c. 7 cm lg.; FI. 6 cm lg., pale purple, with specialists are at variance, and how impossible it
shite Br.; Fr. very spiny, to 3 cm lg.—USA (SE. is to follow any one of them unquestioningly; in
Texas). any event the "var.” is noticeably differentiated
by its short appressed spination. However,
E.durangensisPos. (4) transitional forms have been observed;
Bo. cylindric, offsetting; Ri. 10, transversely v. boyce-thompsonii (Ore.) L. Bens.; Ri.
:ded and + tuberculate above; Rsp. 8-9, to 12 12—14(—18); Sp.differing in colour, from straw to
run lg., light horn-coloured, darker above and reddish or brownish, or white with a light brown
Mow; Csp. l(-3^4), porrect, dark brown or horn- base. fUSA (Arizona); a variant with more
: .Toured, dark-tipped; FI. 7 cm lg., 5 cm 0 , with brightly coloured Sp. and numerous Ri. which is
h te flock and dark-tipped Sp.; Pet. blood-red, accorded specific status by many authors;
ghter at the base.—Mexico (Durango). Because of v. rectispinus(Peebl.) L. Bens.: Csp. to only 2.5
i misinterpretation, earlier referred to E. acifer as a cm lg., dark-tipped;
ar.: better regarded as a distinct spec. v. robustus (Peebl.) L. Bens.: Csp. over 2.5-7.5
cm lg.
E. engelmanmi(Parry) Rumpl. (4)
Bo. forming lax groups; St. cylindric, to 45 cm lg., E. ferreirianusGat. (4)
ic 6 cm 0 ; Ri. 10—13(—14), low, indistinctly Bo.erect, offsetting; St.to 30 cm h., to 8 cm 0 ; Ri.
..-emulate; Rsp. stiff, c. 10; FI. 5-8 cm lg., to 7.5 9-13, somewhat tuberculate; Rsp. c. 9-13, to 2 cm
~ .0 ; Fr. 3 cm lg., spherical to ovoid.—USA (S. lg., grey to brown; Csp. several, mostly 3-5 cm lg.,
States) to N. Mexico. So variable in Sp.-colour that the longest one porrect to down-curving, all
albispinus Cels, v. fulvispinus Cels, etc., can thickened below, brown, more reddish below at
really only be regarded as forms. first; FI.to 6 cm lg., 4cm 0 ; Pet.pink, more orange
nicholiiL. Bens, forms large groups; St.to c. below.—Mexico (Baja California, Los Angeles Bay
60 cm lg., to 7.5- cm 0 ; Sp. all yellow.—USA and islands).
Arizona).
E. fitchiiBr. & R. (4)
E. enneacanthusEng. (3) Bo. short-cylindric, somewhat offsetting; St. 8-10
Bo.offsetting to form groups up to 1m br.;St.5-7 cmlg., 4-5 cm 0 , concealed by Sp.; Ri. 10-12,low,
- - 0 , weak, + decumbent; Ri.7— 8(—12), unequal, rounded; Rsp. c. 20, white; Csp. 4—6, acicular,
- : stly under 1.2 cm lg., acicular, yellowish then variable in colour, mostly brownish, also white
- -: wnish; Csp. mostly 1, 3-5 cm lg., terete; FI. 5-6 below; FI.6-7 cm lg., pink to purplish-pink, mostly
lg., 7.5 cm 0 , light purple; Fr. 2 cm lg., darker at the centre; Ov. delicately hairy, densely
: herical, reddish.—USA (New Mexico, S. Texas), spiny.— USA (Texas, Laredo). Very free-
Mexico (in the N., e.g. Chihuahua). flowering. [(G).]
.carnosus(Rumpl.) Quehl: dark sap-green; Sp.
nouter, whitish-grey; FI. larger, to 10 cm lg., 9 E. floresiiBackbg. (4)
cm 0 . Bo. slender-eylindric, to c. 10 cm h., 3 cm 0 ,
sometimes offsetting, with a thick taproot; Ri. 14,
E_ fendleri(Eng.) Rumpl. (4) low; Rsp. acicular, interlacing, c. 16 mm lg.,
Bo. offsetting, erect; St. to 15 cm lg., 6-10 cm 0 , ± whitish, brownish above; Csp. 0-1-2, where
rrp: Ri. 9—10( 12), indistinctly tuberculate; Rsp. present one is longer, eventually mostly pointing
3- 11. shorter than the centrals, white to pale grey; downwards, brown; Tu.and Ov. with dense Sp. 1.5
Csp. 1, curving upwards, to 3.7 cm lg., pale grey; FI. cm lg.; FI. 4.5 cm lg., 7 cm 0 , red.— Mexico
ght to deep purple, to 6.75 cm 0 ; Fr. c. 3 cm lg.— (Sinaloa, Topolabampo).

135
ECHINOCEREUS

E. fobeanus Oehrne (4) the visible portion spherical to somewhat elon­

Bo. cylindric, ofl'setting; St. glossy green, to c. 9 cm gated, to 10 cm h.; St. deep green, sappy and soft ;
h., 5 cm 0 ; Ri. 10. spiralled, tuberculate; Sp. finely Ri. c. 5 at first, rounded; Sp. short, yellowishrr on
6 0

acicular, brittle, projecting; Rsp. 12-14, to 1 cm lg.J dropping; FI. medium-large, pink, to 3 cm lg.—
white, pink or dark-tipped; Csp. 2, 1.5 cm lg., red; Mexico (Coahuila).
FI. 9 cm lg., 12 cm 0 , pink, throat white, woolly,
with brown, pink-tipped Sp.; Pet. fimbriate.— E. kunzei Giirke 1907
Origin? Bo. cylindric, greyish-green, to 24cm h., to 8 c m 0 ,
crown not depressed, overtopped by the Sp.; Ri. 13,
E. gentryi Clov. (1) vertical, separated by deep furrows, dived into Tub.
Bo. prostrate or decumbent, offsetting, with few by shallow indentations; Ar. + round, 1 cm apart,
St.; St. to 15 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 ; Rsp. 8-12, 1-2 mm with short, greyish-white woolly felt, soon becom­
lg., brownish; Csp. mostly 1, similar to the Rsp.; FI. ing glabrous; Rsp. 15-17, white, radiating, tipped
slender-funnelform, to 8 cm lg., 5-6 cm 0 , pink, brownish, lower ones 8-10 mm lg., upper ones
open mainly at night.— Mexico (Sonora). Better mostly only 3-5 mm lg.; Csp. mostly 1, white, dark
known under the name E. cucumis Werd. (E. purplish-red above midway, pointing obliquely
nocturniflorus hort. or E. noctiflorus hort.) downwards, 10-12 mm lg., often also 2-3 shorter
Csp.; FI. lateral, 9 cm lg.; Ov. 15 mm lg., dark
E. glycimorphus Rumpl.: E. cinerascens (DC.) green, with triangular Sc.; Sep. lanceolate, olive
Rumpl. (form). with a dull red M.-line; Pet. spatulate, salmon to
scarlet, with a carmine M.-stripe; style white with
E. gonacanthus Rumpl.: E. triglochidiatus v. 12 dark emerald Sti.; Fr. green or greenish-
gonacanthus (Eng. & Big.) Boiss. yellow.—USA (Arizona). Spec, appears to have
been exterminated or to have disappeared. (Col­
E. grandis Br. & R. (4) lected by Dr. R. E. Kunze).
Bo. solitary to group-forming, thick-cylindric,
eventually to 40 cm h., to 12 cm 0 ; Ri. 21—
25; Rsp. E. ledingii Peebl. (4)
15-25; Csp. 8-12; Sp. whitish to cream; FI. 5-6 cm Bo. forming fairly dense groups; St. cylindric, to 50
lg., not expanding widely, with white H. and straw- cm lg., to 10 cm 0 ; Ri. 12-14, indistinctly
coloured Sp.; Sep. white with a green M.-line; Pet. tuberculate; Rsp. 10-12, straight, to almost 2 cm
1.5 cm lg., white, green below; Fr. densely spiny.— lg.; Csp. (main Sp.) 1, robust, stiff, down-curving,
Mexico (S. Esteban Is. and others). often with 2 Ssp.; all Sp. yellow; FI. 5 cm 0 ,
purple; Fr. pale green, almost 2.5 cm lg.—USA
E. hancockii Daws. (4) (Arizona).
Bo. offsetting, forming groups ofto 30 St., 35 cm h.,
1.1m br.; St. mostly to 12 cm lg., 5.5-7 cm 0 ; Ri. E. leeanus (Hook.) Lem. (4)
low; Sp. pink at first, later dark straw-coloured, Bo. forming mats; St. erect, vivid green, to 30 cm
subulate, stiff, straight; Rsp. 10-12, to 2.5 cm lg.; h., to 9 cm 0 ; Ri. 12-14, ± transversely furrowed j
Csp. 7-8, to 6 cm lg., 2 mm thick below; FI. 6 cm lg., Rsp. 10-13, thin-subulate, reddish-brown at first,
yellow, fading to salmon-pink. I Mexico (Baja straight, 5-12 mm lg.; Csp. 2-3, to 2.5 cm lg.,
California, Bahia San Hipolito). reddish-brown, becoming grey; FI. 7 cm lg., brick -
red to carmine; Pet. broadly spatulate, + rounded
E. hempelii Fobe (4) above.—Mexico.
Bo. dark green, erect; St. to 15 cm lg., to 7 cm 0 ; v. multicostatus (Cels) K.Sch.: Csp. darker red.
Ri. tuberculate; Rsp. (4—)6, spreading, white, not soon becoming grey, the entire spination
brown-tipped, to 1 cm lg.; Csp. 0; FI. to 8 cm br., thus appearing more reddish. E. durangensis
funnelform; Pet. lax, 3 cm lg., light lilac-pink.— Pos. may be a related spec.
Mexico (acc. Br. & R.).
E. longisetus (Eng.) Rumpl. (4)
E. huitcholensis (Web.) Giirke (1) Bo. erect, offsetting quite freely; St. to 20 cm lg., to
Bo. freely offsetting; St. to c. 6 cm lg., 2 cm (?) 0 ; 4.5 cm 0 , at first dark then lighter green; Ri. 11-14;
Ri. 12, rounded, low; Rsp. 2-5 mm lg.; Csp. 1, to 1 Rsp. 15-25, to 1.5 cm lg.; Csp. 5-7, to 4 cm lg.,
cm lg.; FI. very slender, 11 cm lg., delicately hairy, white, dark-tipped, thickened and brownish below;
with white Sp.; Pet. orange (?).—Mexico (Sierra de Sp. all bristly and thin, dense, not interlacing; FI. 6
Nayarit). cm lg. and br., light purple; Pet. lanceolate, 3 cm
lg.—Mexico (Coahuila, Sierra de la Paila). This
E. knippelianus Liebn. (2) spec., with its projecting Sp., is attractive but rather
Bo. solitary, the subterranean portion napiform, rare.
136
 ECHINOCEREUS

E. luteus Br. & R. = Echinocereus subinermis v. named by F. Schwarz, so that I now provide the
_:eus (Br. & R.) Backbg. missing Latin diagnosis (omitted in translated
[ hlfferentiated from E. subinermis by shorter white text).
Sp.Sonora, near Alamos. The widely separated
rigin of this variety justifies classification as an E. matthesianus Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. I ll: 6.
'dependent spec. 1963(1)
Bo. columnar, erect, green; St. to c. 4.8 cm 0 ; Ri. c.
E. mamillatus (Eng.) Br. & R. (4) 12, c. 11 mmbr., rounded, rather flat; Ar. white, c. 2
Bo. offsetting; St. ascending, 20-30 cm lg., 3.5-6 mm 0 ; Rsp. mostly 9, to 8 mm lg., the upper ones
. 0 ; Ri. 20-25, very tuberculate; Rsp. 10-25, shortest, pale reddish-grey; Csp. mostly 4, 5-11
aricular, 3-12 mm lg.; Csp. 3-4, much stouter, to mm lg., thickened below, somewhat darker; FI. c.
1 5 cm lg.; Sp. reddish at first, then white; FI. 10 cm lg., 4.5 cm 0 , fiery red; Tu. with white flock
- crple.—Mexico (Baja California, Mulege). and brown to white Br. to c. 1.5 cm lg.; style pale
green; Fil. pale green below, white above.—Mexico
E. mariae Backbg.—Nat. Cact. & Succ. Journ. (Gr. (?)• (Fig. 90.)
Brit.), 20: 2, 19, 1965(4)
3o. slender-columnar, erect, tapering tqwards the E. melanocentrus Lowry (4)
tpex. densely covered with short Sp. and white felt, Bo. short-cylindric; St. to 3.5 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 12, low,
the latter eventually loosening and disappearing tuberculate; Sp. not interlacingg.Rsp. c. 17,
from the lower Bo.; St. to c. 15 cm lg., 1.5-2.3 cm brownish, blackish at first; Csp. sometimes present.,
d . branching from the base; Ri. c. 14, narrow, low, short; FI. rotate, purple, darker at the centre.
, 4 mm br., tuberculate above, distinctly spiralled; USA (Texas, near Alice).
At. c. 3 mm 0 , with white hairy felt; Sp. 15-20,
ery thin, to c. 4-5 mm lg., white, radiating, the E. merkeri Hildm. (4)
centrals light brown and somewhat thickened Bo. offsetting to form groups; St. erect, 12-15 cm
below, the longer ones sometimes directed + 0 , light green; Ri. 8-9, sinuate; Rsp. 6-9, white,
i : wnwards; FI. apical, c. 7-7.5 cm 0 , purple; Pet. glossy; Csp. 1(— 2), to 5 cmlg., white, thickened and
noticeably narrowing to the base; Fr. green, laxly with a red spot below; FI. 6 cm lg.; Pet. shortly
Soccose.—USA (Oklahoma, Wichita Mts., the oblong, 3 cmlg., purple; Ov. with long Br.-Sp.—N.
: ::eme W. margin of the Headquarter Mts., c. 3 to Central Mexico. Br. and R. state only that the St.
miles W. of Granite, or 3 miles N.). A'rare and are “erect”, without any indication of length;
unusual spec.; named for its finder, Mrs. Mary Schumann described the spec, as follows: “St.
Polaski. columnar, erect at first, then prostrate, creeping,
then offsetting, to2mlg. and 15 cm 0 ”. In this case
E. maritimus (Jon.) K.Sch. (4) the spec, is better referred to Series 3: Prostrati.
Bo. forming groups or mounds to 30 cm h., to 90
cm br., of up to 200 heads; St. spherical to E. mojavensis (Eng. & Big.) Riimpl. (4)
. ndric. 5-15 cm lg.; Ri. 8-10; Rsp. 9(—10), Bo. freely branching, forming groups of up to 800
preading; Csp. 1( 3— 4), ± subulate, the upper­ heads; Sf. pale green, 5-20 cm lg.; Ri. 8-12, very
most one also angular, to over 3 cm lg.; FI. small, to tuberculate; Rsp. to 10, acicular, 1-2.5 cmlg.; Csp.
EM cm lg.; Pet. + lanceolate, rounded above, (?0— ) 1, subulate, porrect, often weak, also con­
c ossy greenish-yellow.—Mexico (Baja California, torted, to over 5 cm lg.; Sp. all white to grey; FI.
W. coast). rather narrow, 5-7 cm lg., carmine to pale scarlet
with a “nopal-red" tinge; Pet. broad, + truncate;
E. marksianus F. Schwarz n.sp. (4) Fr. 3 cm lg.—USA (SW. States to Nevada and
Bo. eventually ± arching over, offsetting freely Utah).
com the base, bluish-green, later lighter green; St.
;o 40 cm lg., to 6.5 cm 0 ; Ri. 10; Sp. dark brown to E. rieo-mexicanus Standi. (4)
clack at first, reddish in the lowest third; Rsp. Bo. forming groups; St. to 25 cm lg., to 7 cm 0 ,
.0-11, 3-10 mm lg., becoming greyish-white; Csp. bluish-green; Ri. 11-12, obtuse, low, ± tuber­
It— 4), cruciform, the longest one to 3.5 cm lg.; FI. culate; Rsp. 13-16, to 1.5 cm lg., white; Csp. 6, the
more funnelform and open, light crimson to true lowest one yellowish to white, others reddish, to 4
ed. c. 8 cm lg., 7 cm 0 ; Tu. reddish; Ov. grass- cm lg.; Sp. all slender-subulate; FI. 5 cm lg.,
green, spiny; throat yellow; Fil. and style yellowish narrow, not expanding widely, light scarlet.—USA
oelow, red above; Fr. with dense black Sp.—N. (New Mexico, W. of the Organ Mts.)
Mexico. Has been in collections for quite a long
time, but not hitherto described. Close to E. E. noctiflorus hort. or E. nocturniflorus hort.: E.
leeanus, but with a more open perianth. Found and gentryi Clov.

137
ECHINOCEREUS

E. ochoterenae G. Ort. (4) Bo. erect, stoutly cylindric, to 15 cm lg., to 6 cm 0 ,

Bo. forming groups; St. 10 cm lg., 4-7 cm 0 , green, ± concealed by the Sp.; Ri. 20-22; Rsp. c. 30,
spotted red; Ri. (8—10— )11| Rsp. 9, to 1 cm lg., mostly under 1 cm lg., pectinate, white or pink, the
slender-subulate; Csp. 4, to 1.2 cm lg., (in one form colours often changing in zones; Csp. several,
with darker Sp. the Csp. are to 2 cm lg.); Sp. all short; FI. 6-8 cm lg.; Tu. and Ov. only felty and
reddish-yellow at first, soon white, then grey; FI. 7 spiny; Fr. to 3 cm 0 . —Mexico (from Chihuahua
cm lg., reddish outside; Pet. canary-yellow.- •* to Guanajuato).
Mexico (Concordia, Cerro de la Cobriza). v. castaneus (Eng.) Maths.: mostly with more
slender St., Sp. brown; Rsp. c. 20; FI. over 8 cm
E. octacanthus (Miihlpfrdt.) Br. & R. (4) br.; Pet. linear, not very br. There are other
Bo. offsetting to form groups of many heads; St. colour-variants: v. chrysacanthus K.Sch. with
ovoid, yellowish-green, to 10 cm lg., 5-7 cm 0 ; Ri. greenish-yellow Sp„ and others where the Sp. are
7-9, obtuse, ± tuberculate; Rsp. 7-8, 1-2.4 cm lg.; blackish; all are probably only forms of v.
Csp. 1, stouter, 2-3 cm lg.; Sp. all stiff, greyish- castaneus; there is also a reddish-brown form
brown at first; FI. 5 cm lg., open for several days, known as v. rubescens hort.;
purple-reddish.—USA (Texas and New Mexico to v. rigidissimus (Eng.) Rumpl.: mostly robuster,
Utah and Colorado). Often seen in collections, the colour-zones similarly; Rsp. c. l'6; Csp. 0; FI.
incorrectly, as E. labouretianus hort. to 7 cm lg.—USA (SE. Arizona) to N. Mexico
(Sonora). (Fig. 91.)
E. oklahomensis Lahm. was only a name for E.
baileyi v. brunispinus Backbg. E. pensilis (K. Brand.) J. A. Purp. (3)
Bo. + offsetting; St. to 4 cm 0 ; Ri. low; Rsp. 8;
E. ortegae Rose (4) Csp. 1; Sp. not over 2 cm lg., yellow at first, then
Bo. forming groups, dark green; Ri. 7-8, low; Rsp. reddish-grey; Fi. slender, 5-6 cm lg., with short
0; Csp. 3—1, acicular, under 1 cm lg., yellowish at yellow or white wool and brown Br.-Sp.; Fr. 2 cm
first, flecked brown, soon whitish; FI. 7 cm lg., 6 cm 0 . —Mexico (Baja California, Cape region, on
0 , scarlet; Pet. numerous, oblong or spatulate; mountain-sides).
Ov. with short felt and dense Sp.—Mexico (Rio
Tamazula). E. pentalophus (DC.) Rumpl. (3)
Bo. forming mats, offsetting very freely; St. fresh
E. pacificus (Eng.) Br. & R. (4) green; Rsp. 3—5(— 6), very short, white, brown-
Bo. forming groups of up to 100 heads, to 60 cm tipped; Csp. mostly absent, darker, to 1.5 cm lg.;
br.; St. 15-25 cm lg., 5-6 cm 0 ; Ri. 10-12, obtuse; FI. large, 7-12 cm lg. and br., lilac to carmine,
Rsp. 10-12, 5-10 mm lg.; Csp. 4-5, to 2.5 cm lg.; throat white; Fit. greenish.—USA (S. Texas) to N.
Sp. all grey, tinged reddish; FI. fairly small, c. 3 cm Mexico (in the E.).
lg., deep red, with long brownish-yellow wool and v. ehrenbergii (Pfeiff.) Backbg.: St. to 20 cm lg.,
reddish-brown Br.—Mexico (Baja California, to 2.5 cm 0 , pale green, prostate; Ri. (5-)6,
Bahia de Todos Santos). tuberculate, rather obtuse; Rsp. white; Csp.
yellowish below; FI. 6 cm lg., 4.5 cm 0 , light
E. palmeri Br. & R. (4) purple.—Central Mexico. This var. is seen by
Bo. small, to 8 cm h.; St. only 2-3 cm 0 ; Ri. 9-10; many authors, primarily because of the smaller
Rsp. 12-15, thin, brown-tipped; Csp. 1, porrect, to FI., as a valid spec.: E. ehrenbergii Pfeiff.
2 cm lg., brown to blackish; FI. 3.5 cm lg., purple; v. procumbens (Eng.) Krainz can be distin­
Ov. with white wool and brown Sp.—Mexico (near guished as follows: Rsp. 4-6, brownish at first;
Chihuahua). Csp. mostly 1, darker; FI. to 8 cm br., carmine-
violet, white or yellowish below.
E. papillosus Lke. (3)
Bo. rather freely offsetting, dark green, decumbent; E. perbellus Br. & R. (4)
St. to 30 cm lg., 2-4 cm 0 ; Ri. 6-10, very Bo. solitary or offsetting, slender-cylindric; St. to
tuberculate; Rsp. acicular, c. 7, white to yellow, to 1 overlOcmlg. ;Ri. 15,low;Rsp. 12-15, 5-7 mm lg.,
cm lg.; Csp. 1, porrect, to over 1.2 cm lg., yellowish- somewhat spreading, white below, pale brown to
white; FI. to 12 cm 0 , yellow, with a red centre; reddish above; FI. 4-6 cm lg., purple; Pet. broad,
Pet. 6 cm lg.—USA (W. Texas). ± lanceolate.—USA (Texas, Big Springs).
v. angusticeps (Clov.) Marsh.: more densely
branching, St. to 8 cm lg., to 3 cm 0 (Texas, E. phoeniceus Riimpl.: E. coccineus Eng.
Linn).
E. pleoigonus (Lab.) Crouch. (4)
E. peetinatus (Scheidw.) Eng. (4) Bo. cylindric; St. greyish-olive; Ri. 13, tuberculate,
138
 ECHINOCEREUS

-.erv low; Rsp. 9, spreading, thin, 4-11 mmlg,; Csp. lg.—Mexico (Chihuahua, Cosihuiriachi). The first
4. equalling the Rsp.; all Sp. reddish-brown at first, description is short and inadequate; on the basis of
ihen dirty grey; FI. ?—Mexico. A very distinctive these data or the dark projecting Csp., this would
oec. which was later regarded as E. leeanus; but it appear to have been E. schwarzii hort. which had
is, dearly distinguishable from this. these characters; FI. light purple, funnelform, c. 5
cm 0 .
E. polyacanthus Eng. (4)
Bo. forming mats of up to 50 heads; St. pale green, E. reichenbachii (Tersch.) Hge. Jr. (4)
iten reddish; Ri. 9-13, with flat transverse Bo. cylindric, solitary or somewhat offsetting; St.
arrows; Rsp. 8-12, 1.4-2.3 cm lg., stout, subulate, to 20 cm lg., 9 cm 0 ; Ri. to 19; Sp. to 30, white to
erete, whitish or reddish-grey, dark-tipped; Csp. reddish or brownish, always of one colour only,
2-4. thickened below, sometimes to 5 cm lg., often dense and + pectinate, somewhat spreading, or
-.?m-coloured and flecked brown at first; FI. 4.5-6 recurved, to 8 mm lg.; Csp. 0-1 (-2?), like the Rsp.;
cm lg., + funnelform, scarlet to carmine; Pet. FI. to 7 cm lg. and br., with floccose H.—USA
horizontal at anthesis, some inner ones also blood- (Texas) to N. Mexico).
red.—Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango). Distin­
guished from similar spec, by the marked develop­ E. roemeri (Miihlpfrdt.) Rydb. non Eng. (4)
ment of floral hair. Bo. cylindric, forming groups; St. to 15 cm lg., to 6
cm 0 , Ri. (8-) 9-10; Rsp. (9-) 10, grey or yellow,
E. poselgeri Lem.: Wilcoxia poselgeri (Lem.) Br. & stout, almost 2 cm lg.; Csp. (1—)4, 3-5 cm lg., often
R angular and down-curving, also straight or flat­
tened, + keel-like, dark yellow to dark brown; FI. 5
E. poselgerianus Lke: E. blanckii v. poselgerianus cm 0 , orange-red; Fr. red, 2 cm 0 . —USA (Texas
«Lke.) Backbg. to New Mexico and Colorado).

E. primolanatus Schwarz (4) E. roetteri (Eng.) Rumpl. (4)

Bo. cylindric, erect; St. to c. 10 cm lg., 4.5 cm 0 ; Bo. + cylindric; St. to c. 15 cm h., 6.5 cm 0 ; Ri.
Ri. 21—22, low; Rsp. c. 20, finely subulate, 10-13, tuberculate; Rsp. 8-15, to 16 mm lg.; Csp.
-ectinate, c. 2 mm lg., one rather more central 1-5, 8-12 mm lg., thickened below, stouter than the
upper Sp. 1 mm lg., pointing upwards; Sp. all Rsp.; Sp. reddish, subulate; FI. to 7.5 cm lg., light
pinkish-white; young Ar. with solitary Br. to 7 mm purple; Fr. to 2 cm lg.—USA (border, Texas and
!g. or longer; FI. and Fr. ?—Mexico (in the N.?). New Mexico), Mexico (Chihuahua).
v. lloydii (Br. & R.) Backbg.: in groups of up to 6
E. procumbens Eng.: E. pentalophus v. procumbens very stout St., to 25 cm h., to 10 cm 0 , light
•Eng.) Krainz. green; Ri. 11, ± straight; Sp. wine-red, c. 1 cm
lg., paler below; Rsp. c. 14; Csp. 4-6, porrect; FI.
E. pulchellus (Mart.) K.Sch. (2) 8 cm lg.; Ov. with reddish Sp.—USA (Texas,
Bo. offsetting, low, later elongated; St. to 10 cm lg., Tuna Springs).
- cm 0 , bluish-green, then grey; Ri. finely
ruberculate, to c. 12; Sp. few, short, yellowish, E. rosei Woot. & Standi, (4)
dropping; FI. 4 cm lg., moderately large, whitish to Bo. forming groups of up to 40 St. to 20 cm lg., 5-8
ight pink.—Mexico (Pachuca). Differentiated cm 0 ;R i. 8-11, obtuse; Rsp. c. 10, spreading; Csp.
from E. amoenus (which has a more purple FI. 4, 4-6 mm lg.; Sp. all pink to brownish-grey; FI.
thout longer H.) by having only 3—4(—5) Sp., and 4-6 cm lg., scarlet; Pet. broad, rounded; Tu. and
ionger H. and Br. on Tu. and Ov. Ov. shortly hairy, with brownish to yellowish Sp.—
USA (border, Texas and New Mexico), Mexico
E. purpureus Lahm. (4) (adjacent region).
Bo. solitary to somewhat offsetting; St. slender-
evlindric, to c. 12 cm h., 2-3 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 12-14; E. rufispinus Eng, (4)
Rsp. 14-18, pectinate, white, purplish-brown Bo. cylindric; St. greyish-greenish; Ri. c. 11; Rsp.
above; Csp. 0; FI. to 10 cm lg., 7.5 cm 0 , brownish- 16-18, appressed, interlacing, 9-20(?) mm lg., the
ourple, rather darker inside.—USA (Oklahoma, laterals longest, dark brown, recurved; Csp. 1,
Wichita Res.). stout, reddish-brown, porrect, to 2.5 cm lg.; FI.
large, funnelform, purple.-^Mexico (W. of Chih­
E. radians Eng. (4) uahua). The low rib-count may have been based on
Bo. stoutly cylindric; upper Rsp. 2-4 mm lg., immature plants. In the Dahlem Bot. Gard. I saw
laterals to 1 cm lg., lower ones to 6 mm lg.; Csp. 1, under this name a plant which corresponded to the
much stouter, porrect(l), brown to black, 2.5 cm principal characters above: “Csp. reddish-brown,

139
ECHINOCEREUS

porrect, longer” ; it did not match the description of E. schwarzii hort. : see E. radians Eng.
any other plant.
E. sciurus (K. Brand.) Br. & R. (4)
E. russanthus Weniger Bo. offsetting freely to form groups to 60 cm br. ; St.
Bo. later offsetting, c. 8cmh.;Ri. 13-14;Sp. 15-18, slender, to 20 cm lg., often entirely concealed by the
c. 8 mm lg., densely tangled; FI. at midway on the Sp.; Ri. 12-17, low, tuberculate; Rsp. 15-18, thin,
flank or lower, reddish, with a greenish M.-stripe. to 1.5 cm lg. ; Csp. several, shorter than the Rsp.,
Clearly differentiated from E. chloranthus.— brown-tipped: FI. 7 cm lg., to 9 cm 0 , pinkish-
Mexico. purple.—Mexico (Baja California, San José del
Cabo).
E. salm-dyckianus Scheer (1)
Bo. offsetting to form groups; St. decumbent, E. scopulorum Br. & R. (4)
yellowish-green; Ri. 7-9, ± weakly sinuate; Rsp. Bo. solitary, cylindric, to 40 cm lg., almost covered
8-9, c. 1 cm lg.; Csp. 1, often + thickened below, by the Sp.; Ri. 13 or more, low, somewhat
porrect, somewhat longer; FI. to 10 cm lg., with a tuberculate; Rsp. somewhat spreading, more
long, slender Tu., slightly hairy, white-bristly, numerous; Csp. 3-6, like the Rsp.; Sp. colourful,
carroty-red.—Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango). pink or brownish, black-tipped, also whitish at
E. sahnianus Rtimpl. 1885 first; FI. 9 cm 0 . rose-scented; Pet. 4 cm lg.,
Bo. dark green, creeping, freely branching, to 15 cm pinkish-purple to + white, in 2 series.—Mexico
lg., 3 cm 0 ; Ri. 7-8, rounded, only 1cm apart; Ar. (Sonora and Sinaloa).
small, round, crowded, grey-felty; Rsp. 8, straight;
Csp. 1, straight, porrect, rather longer, brown, E. spinibarbis Elge. Jr. non K.Sch. (4)
greying: FI. with a rather stout greenish Tu., like E. Bo. offsetting fairly freely; St. light green, to 6 cm
scheeri opening completely only in the evening; lg., 3.5-4 cm thick; Ri. mostly 5, 1cm h., with stout
Pet. very numerous, salmon to carrot-colour.— subcircular Tub., transversely indented above the
Ar. ; Rsp. mostly 8, to 3.3 cm lg., straight or +
Mexico (Chihuahua; sent to Kew by Potts, 1847;
nowadays regarded as a synonym or form of E. curving; Csp. 1— 2(—3), to 4.2 cm lg., thickened
scheeri). below, stouter than the Rsp.; Sp. all white, glassy,
at first pale yellow below, here soon reddish,
E. sanborgianus (Coult.) K.Sch. (4) sometimes with transverse banding; FI. probably
Mostly regarded as a synonym of E. brandegeei purple (acc. Haage).—Mexico.
(“with Ar. to 1.5 cm apart”), but described as
having “Ar. proximate” ; acc. Coulter the Sp. are E. standleyi Br. & R. (4)
also lighter than in E. brandegeei ("with reddish Bo. spherical to shortly cylindric, 4-5 cm 0 ; Ri. 12 ;
Sp.”); FI. large, pure purple. A clarification based Rsp. c. 16, stout, white, yellow below, quite early
on living material is needed.—Mexico (Baja pectinate and + strongly interlacing ; Csp. 1, much
California). I have seen a plant with yellowish Sp. longer and stouter than the Rsp., 2-2.5 cm lg.,
porrect; FI. ?—USA (New Mexico, Sacramento
E. sarissophorus Br. & R. (4) Mts.)
Bo. forming groups; St. short, thick, pale green, c.
10 cm 0 ; Ri. 9; Rsp. 7-10, thin; Csp. several, E. steereae Clov. resembles E. dasyacanthus but
somewhat angular, often bluish, the longer ones ± has red FI.; generally held to be a variety: E.
interlacing; FI. 7-8 cm lg., purple; Pet. broad; Tu. dasyacanthus v. steereae (Clov.) Marsh.
and Ov. with short white wool and 3-5 pale Br.-
Sp.; Fr. spherical, to 3 cm 0 .—N. Mexico E. stoloniferus Marsh. (4)
(Coahuila, Durango). All the cultivated plants I Bo. solitary, but new St. rise from stolons so that
have seen have had white Sp.; all the Csp. were colonies to 30 cm br. are formed; St. cylindric,
thickened below while the longest ones were greyish-green; Ri. 14-16, indistinctly tuberculate;
directed upwards or downwards. Rsp. 10-12, bristly, spreading, interlacing, white,
tipped black or red at first; Csp. 3-4, to 6 mm lg.,
E. scheeri (SD.) Rumpl. (1) brown, one of these more readily distinguishable,
Bo. forming groups; St. decumbent, yellowish- down-curving, to 2.5 cm lg., later white ; FI. yellow ;
green; Ri. 8-10, low, spiralled, indistinctly sinuate; Tu. and Ov. very spiny.—Mexico (Sonora, Rancho
Rsp. 7-12, thin, projecting, ray-like, to 3 mm lg.: Guirocoba). The spec, appears to be variable.
Csp. 1, stouter, porrect, over 1cm lg., tipped brown Some plants have large white Ar.. rather stouter
or black, also yellowish-white; FI. pinkish-red, Rsp. and 4(-5) robuster, projecting, golden-brown
long and slender funnelform.—Mexico (Chih­ Csp. to 1.2 cm lg., the Rsp. sometimes brown-
uahua). tipped and to 8 mm lg. ; FI. yellow, c. 6 cm 0 . 1have
140
 ECHINOCEREUS

seen flowering-sized plants which were c. 10 cm lg., to 15 cm lg., to 6 cm 0 ; Ri. (6— )7(—10); Rsp.
5.5 cm 0 , under the name “E. subterraneus” ; but (3— )5(—8); Csp. 0-1-5; Sp. all angular or ribbed; FI.
they were not the more slender and brittle spec, 7.5 cm lg., 5 cm 0 , scarlet; Fr. red, edible, 3 cm
which I have described under this name. The type 0 . —USA (Arizona, W. Texas to S. Colorado).
of the spec, has denser and more interlacing Sp., Descriptions vary for the Arizona plants, e.g.: “St.
but both it and these other plants produce new to 60 cm h., in colonies of the same width; Ri.
plants by means of stolons. Since it is possible that mostly 5-8; Sp. 3-16, to c. 3 cm lg.; Csp. 0-16,
transitional forms occur, no variety can yet be somewhat longer than the Rsp. which can number
described. 3-10; Sp. only described as grey; Fr. 2.5 cm lg., ±
cylindric”.
E. stramineus (Eng.) Riimpl. (4) v. gonacanthus (Eng. & Big.) Boiss.: Rsp. 8; Csp.
Bo. offsetting to form colonies to 2 m 0 and 30 1, to over 6 cm lg.; all Sp. very angular, in part
cm-1 m h.; St. 12-25 cm lg., 3-5 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 13; contorted or curving, yellow, with a dark tip;
Rsp. 7-14, to 3 cm lg., spreading; Csp. 3-4, 5-9 cm v. hexaedrus (Eng. & Big.) Boiss.: Rsp. 5-7,
lg.; Sp. fairly densely interlacing, brown to straw- straight; Csp. 0-1; Sp. angular, short, reddish-
coloured at first, soon becoming white; FI. 8-12 cm yellow; Ri. 6;
lg., purple; Tu. and Ov. with short white Sp.; Fr. v. paucispinus (Eng.) Marsh.: only the Csp. are
spherical, 3^4- c m 0 , red, edible.—USA (border, angular; St. ± spherical at first; Ri. 5-7; Rsp.
Texas and New Mexico), N. Mexico (Chihuahua). brown or reddish; Csp. brownish-black, 0-1; FI.
deep scarlet, more yellowish inside.
E. subinermis SD. (2)
Bo. at first depressed-spherical, then considerably E. tuberosus Rümpf: Wilcoxia poselgeri Lem.
elongated, later sometimes offsetting; Rsp. to 8 at
first, with 1 Csp., 2-4 mm lg., later only 3-4 stouter E. uehrii Hge. Jr.: probably identical with E.
little Sp. scarcely 1 mm lg. (or these missing), cinerascens (DC.) Rümpf Haage adds:
;■ ellowish to blackish, or white and dark-tipped; FI. This is a now-forgotten but quite valid spec.,
yellow, to 8.5 cm lg., 9 cm 0 , the Per. broadly described around 1900, well differentiated from E.
spreading, the Tu. slender; Fr. 2 cm lg., 1.3 cm 0 , cinerascens as follows;
dark green.—Mexico (Chihuahua). Bo. larger, spination more robust.
v. luteusfBr. &R.) Backbg.: Fl.c. 7 cmlg., 5.5 cm
0 , Per. funnelform.—Mexico (Sonora, above E. uspenskii Hge. Jr. (4)
Alamos). Bo. offsetting; St. erect, to c 15 cm lg., to 7 cm 0 ,
sometimes ± spherical; Ri. 6-7, tuberculate; Rsp.
E. subterraneus Backbg. (4) to 8, to 2 cm lg.; Csp. to 4, thickened below, to 3.5
Bo. mostly offsetting from fairly low down; St. cm lg.; Sp. all hyaline to white, reddish below; FI.
slender-cylindric, fresh green, to c. 5 cm lg., c. 3 cm 7.5 cm lg., c. 6 cm 0 ; Pet. deep purple, more
0 . cultivated plants stouter, with soft flesh, brittle; brownish outside below; Tu. and Ov. only feltyj
Ri. narrow, low, finely tuberculate, c. 15; Rsp. c. 15, with stout Sp.; Fil. violet; Sti. 9, emerald.—
the upper ones very short; Csp. of the same length, Mexico.
1. ustered, projecting; FI. c. 3 cm lg., 4 cm 0 ,
rinkish-purple; Tu. and Ov. with felt only, densely E. viereckii Werd. (4)
spiny.—Mexico. This name is also erroneously Bo. offsetting freely; St. erect, to 20 cm lgv and
used for a var. or form of E. stoloniferus with more more; Ri. 8-9, to 8 mm h., tuberculate; Rsp. 7-9,
; pen spination and golden-brown Csp. 3-9 mm lg., ± straw-coloured, later whitish; Csp.
4, the bottom one longest, c. 2 cm lg., thickened
E. tayopensis Marsh. (4) below; FI. violet-pink, to 11 cm 0 ; Tu. and Ov.
Bo. solitary or sprouting from stolons to form with hyaline and light golden-brown Sp.—Mexico
groups of up to 12 heads; St. to 15 cm lg., 7.5 cm (Tamaulipas).
7 : Ri. mostly 12; Rsp. 3^4 mm lg. (upper ones), or
;. 1 cm lg. (the others), grey, dark-tipped; Csp. E. viridiflorus Eng. (4) (T.) v. viridiflorus:
much stouter, 1-2 ascending and 5 mm lg., the Bo. offsetting, variable in size, from rather small to
: thers down-curving, 15-20 mm lg., black at first, stouter and longer, 2.5-7.5 cm lg., 2.5-5 cm 0 ; Ri.
then grey, dark-tipped; FI. 7 cm lg., 6 cm 0 , light 13; Sp. 13-15,0.5 cmlg., white, red, or both colours
>ellow; Pet. 4.5 cm lg., 1 cm br.—Mexico (Sonora, present; Csp. similarly, sometimes missing; FI.
Rancho Saucito). borne on the flanks or lower, to 3 x 3 cm in size,
yellowish-green, with a greenish M.-stripe inside
E. triglochidiatus Eng. (4) and a brownish one outside; Fr. 1 cm lg., ellipsoid,
Bo. forming large mats; St. cylindric, dark-green, greenish.—USA (New Mexico to Colorado).

141
ECHINOCEREUS-—ECHINOFOSSULOCACTUS

v. chloranthus (Eng.) Backbg.: Bo. cylindric. to furrowed, greyish-green; Rsp. 9-12, white or pink,
30 cm h„ 4-7 cm 0 ; Ri. 13-18; Rsp. 12-20, later yellowish, 3-11 mm lg.; Csp. 0; FI. 3.6 cm 0 ,
radiating or appressed, bristly, white, often pink with white floccose H., with yellow Br.-Sp.;
purple-tipped, also 5-10 bristly Ssp. above; Csp. Pet. with a greenish M.-stripe outside and a
(2— )3—5, mostly purple, the upper ones shorter, carmine one inside.—Origin? The plant usually
± thickened below; FI. brownish-green, fun- seen under this name is a hybrid, probably of E.
nelform, not expanding widely, 2.5 cm lg. Csp. pulchellus; it is elongated, with spiralled Ri., and
are often absent at first, later to 3 cm lg.; Sp- usually with 8 radiating Sp.
colour very variable: from whitish to yellowish
or reddish, also in zones, with or without a more
distinctly projecting or longer Csp.; Bo. later Echinofossulocactus Lawr. (197)
cylindric, but the Csp. are unlike those of
Engelmann's illustration of v. cylindricus. This genus is very homogeneous, all the bodies
Engelmann distinguished (as Cereus viridiflorus (with one exception) having numerous ribs. The
cylindricus Eng.) a v. cylindricus Eng., and glabrous flowers are mostly fairly small, often
obviously this is the variety to which Rtimpler tinged + violet or striped, sometimes appearing
referred: almost always solitary, mostly cylin­ several together, mostly quite early in Spring. The
dric; Ri. c. 13; Sp. 12-18, short, stiff, pectinate, deep green bodies, with their distinctive and quite
with 2-6 additional bristly Sp. above, the lower often conspicuously flattened spines, form an
ones (rarely all of them) purple, soon becoming attractive contrast to the flowers; the latter and the
brown, the upper ones white; Csp. 0, rarely 1, spines are rather longer in only a few species. But
porrect, stouter, purple, sometimes surmounted the widely differing types of spination are not
by an additional thinner one; FI. subapical, constant, and show a wealth of transitional
yellowish-greenish.—USA (Texas, Limpia to El forms—from robust in character to dense—which
Paso); complicates any classification based on the main
v. davisii (A. D. Houghton) Marsh.: Bo. very diagnostic features and thereby also the de­
small, to 1.5 cm h., solitary or offsetting; Ri. 6-7, limitation of their species; this fact demonstrates
± tuberculate, dark green; Rsp. 9 12(—14), the how necessary it is to take into account the
upper ones (up to 7) reddish-black at first, the individual conditions within any one genus. To
lower ones whitish or sometimes dark-tipped, ignore this would be to regard most species of this
pectinate, spreading, to c. 17 mm lg., the upper genus as mere varieties of a single species, which
Sp. shorter, mostly straight, the others some­ does not advance our knowledge of these plants, or
times ± curving; FI. 2.5 cm lg., 2 cm 0 , dirty reflect the great range of natural variation which is
greenish-yellow; Fr. 1 cm lg.—USA (Texas, 4 so conspicuous here. To assist the finding of any
miles S. of Marathon). Grafting recommended! given species, a figure will be found in brackets after
(Fig. 89.) The small plants are so very different in each specific name, to indicate the principal
overall habit that they can well be regarded as a characters according to the groups listed below.
valid spec.: E. davisii A. D. Houghton; Where a plant does not fully conform to any
v. intermedius Backbg.: solitary; Ri. 12; Rsp. description of this most variable genus, it must be
white, to 8 mm lg.; Csp. (2—)4(—5), stouter, regarded as transitional to the most closely related
purple, to 7 mm lg., thickened below; FI. borne described species.—Distribution; Mexico (from N.
lower on the Bo., pure green, to 3 cm lg.—USA to approximately Central Mexico). [O, (R), ///.
(Texas). (G).] (Fig. 92.)
1: Bodies lacking wavy ribs; these broader,
E. websterianus G. Linds. (4) angular above;
Bo. offsetting to form dense groups; St. to 60 cm h., 2: Bodies with over 100 blade-like ribs;
to 8 cm 0 ; Ri. 18-24, somewhat tuberculate; Rsp. 3: Bodies with fewer but very narrow ribs:
14-18, c. 1 cm lg., golden-yellow to brownish; Csp. a: Glassy, light radial spines and sometimes
6-8, acicular, 1 cm lg., golden-yellow, eventually darker centrals; spination fairly dense;
brown; Fi. 6 cm lg., lavender-pink; Pet. passing b: Spination laxer; the upper or main spines
over to white or glossy green at the margin.— often flattened and blade-like, but some­
Mexico (Sonora, S. Pedro Nolasco. [Origin acc. W. times terete.
Haage].)
E. albatus (Dietr.) Br. & R. (3a)
Bo. mostly spherical, bluish-green; Ri. c. 35; Rsp. c.
E. weinbergii Wgt. (4) 10, bristly, to 13 mm lg., 1-3 often missing in the
Bo. flattened-spherical at first, later spherical, to 13 upper Ar.; Csp. 4, much stouter, dark-coloured,
cm h. and 0 ; Ri. 15, tuberculate, transversely the top one usually the longest, slightly corn-
142
 ECHINGFOSSULOCACTUS

pressed, to 5 cm lg., others more terete, one some­ middle upper Sp.; FI. c. 11 mm lg., white, greenish
times missing; Sp. whitish-yellow apart from in the middle.—Mexico.
the centrals; FI.2 cm lg,, white.—Mexico.
E. carneus Whitm.: only a catalogue-name.
E.anfractuosus(Mart.) Lawr. (3b)
Bo. eventually somewhat elongated-spherical, dull E. confususBr. & R. (3b)
green; Ri.to c. 30; Rsp. 7, the 4 lower ones thin, the Bo. solitary, columnar to short-clavate, pale green,
3 upper ones (sometimes 2) to 3 cm lg., terete or (the to 15cm h., 6-8cm 0 ; Ri.26-30,thin, low; Sp.all
middle one) broad; Csp. 1,c. 2.5 cm lg., brownish; yellow, subulate; Rsp. 4-5 (at most ± com­
FI. white, M.-stripe carmine(?).—Mexico (Hi­ pressed), 7-10 mm lg.; Csp. 1,to 4 cm lg., usually
dalgo). Rsp. variable in shape and number. porrect; FI. 4 cm 0 , purple.—Mexico.
E. coptonogonus(Lem.) Lawr. (1) (T.)
E. arrigens(Lk.) Br. & R. (3b) Bo. solitary to offsetting, up to 8 heads, spherical,
Bo. elongated-spherical, to 13 cm h., c. 12 cm 0 ; to 10cm h., greyish or bluish-green; Ar.very white-
crown with yellowish-white flaky felt; Ri. matt to felty at first; Sp. mostly 5, stout, banded, +
bluish-green, 50-60, very narrow; Rsp. 4-7, curving, all horn-coloured; the stoutest and longest
acicular, hyaline to yellowish, to c. 1 cm lg.; Csp.to upperSp. to 4 cm lg.; FI. to 3 cm lg., whitish, light
3 in the centre of the Ar., + erect, yellowish to purple to carmine in the middle.—Mexico (San
paler, subterete, the lower part of the Ar. also often
with 2-3 additional thinner Sp., also 1 compressed Luis Potosí, Pachuca).
and keeled upperSp.to 4cm lg. (acc. Br. & R.,8-11 E.crispatus(DC.) Lawr. (3b)
Sp. in all; acc. Werdermann, seldom more than 8 in First description insufficient. Acc. Berger: Bo.
^11);FI.3 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0;Pet. purple-violet with a resembles that of E. arrigens; Ar.3-4 cm apart; Sp.
light border. Apparently very variable.—Mexico. brightly coloured at first; Csp. 1, terete, stiff,
straight, c. 2 cm lg.; Rsp. 7-8, the uppermost one
E.boedekerianus(Berg.) Croiz. (3a) flattened, of equal length; FI. to 3.5 cm lg. (purple,
Bo. flat-spherical, to 7 cm br., matt dark green; acc. Br. & R.).—Mexico (Hidalgo).
crownwith white wool and Sp.; Ri.c. 40; Rsp.c. 20,
to c. 1.2 cm lg., acicular, white; Csp. mostly 9, 8 E.densispinus(Tieg.) Schmoll:
forming an outer circle, the innermost one flat­ Only the name, with an illustration, has been
tened, all thickened below, brownish, yellowish published; close to E. boedekerianus (Berg.) Croiz.
above, brownish-red at the tip; FI. ?—Mexico
Zacatecas, near Concepcion). E. dichroacanthus(Mart.) Br. & R. (3b)
Bo.ovoid, to 15cmh.,10cm 0;Ri.32,thin, acute,
E. bravoae Whitm.: only a name. wavy; Ar.only few on one Ri.; Rsp.4—6, white, the
central of the 3 upper ones flat, keeled at midway,
E.bustamantei(H. Bravo) Croiz. (3b) dagger-like, 2cm lg.; Csp.0-1, ± 4-angled, curving
Bo. spherical, to c. 10 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 35; Rsp. 8-9, downwards, scarcely longer than the upper Sp.; the
10-15 mm lg., radiating, interlacing, whitish; Csp. 3upper Sp. and the Csp. banded, ruby-red at first,
3. the uppermost and longest one 3-5 cm lg., broad, tipped blackish-red, the Rsp. 7-8 mm lg.; FI.
much flattened, banded, the side ones darker- pinkish-violet.—Mexico (Hidalgo).
tipped, rather stouter than the radials; FI.2-2.5 cm
g.. dark violet-purple, with a white border or M.- E.erectocentrusBackbg. (3b)
dne.—Mexico (Hidalgo). Bo. broadly spherical, to c. 8cm br., 5 cm h.; Ri.c.
50 or more, thin, very wavy; Ar. over 2 cm apart;
E. cadaroyi hort.: just a name for a plant with thin Rsp. glassy, 5—6(— 9) in a semi-circle below, mostly
wavy Ri., with up to 6 thin white lower Rsp. and 3 thin, to 1cm lg.; 1upper Sp. directed towards the
dark upper ones, and one flattened but not broad crown, to over 5 cm lg., flattened, thin at the edge,
± central Sp.; FI. ? thickened in the centre, brownish to horn-
coloured, striped, + dark-tipped; Csp. 2,terete, c.
E.caespitosusBackbg. (3b) 2 cm lg., lying alongside One another, banded,
Bo. apparently remaining smaller, subspherical, slightly thickened below; FI. under 2 cm lg.,
soon offsetting; Ri. c, 27; upper Sp. 3, 2 of these whitish.—Mexico.
:erete and upcurving, one flattened middle one to
21 mm lg., yellowish, to 2 mm br.; Rsp. 4, small, E. gladiatus(Lk. & O.) Lawr. (3b)
whitish; Csp. 1, ± compressed, directed outwards Bo. ovoid to oblong, to c. 12 cm h., 10 cm 0 , light
:o downwards or curving, equal in length to the bluish-green; crown spiny; Ri. 14-22 (or more: to
143
EC.HINOFOSSULOCACTUS

27 ?); upper Sp. 3, the middle of these flattened, to 3 grey; Csp. 0; FI. 2.5 cm br.; inner Pet. pure white,
cm lg., the flanking ones more terete and shorter; outer ones with a violet M.-stripe.—Mexico.
Csp. 1, to 4 cm lg., porrect, many-angled or +
terete; all Sp. reddish horn-coloured, dark-tipped; E. lamellosus (Dietr.) Br. & R. (3b)
lower Rsp. 4-6, white, glassy, 8 mm lg.—Mexico. Bo. spherical to elongated, bluish-green, to c. 10 cm
Description more or less from Tiegel-Oehme; Fl.- h., 8 cm 0 ; Ri. 30-35, irregularly wavy; Ar. few,
colour given in part as yellow, in part as reddish- white; Rsp. 4, white, the 2 upper ones pointing ±
violet. An insufficiently clarified spec. upwards, 2 pointing obliquely downwards, finer
v. carneus Schmoll: published only with illus­ than the slender upper ones and only half as long;
tration, and included by me, with brief data, in upper Sp. 1, to 3 cm lg., flattened, curved inwards,
“Die Cact.gi p. 2779. E. carneus Whitm., not with longitudinal channels and transverse bands,
validly published, is probably the same plant. brown-tipped; Csp. 1, ± triangular, to 4 cm lg.,
tipped light or dark; FI. to 4 cm lg., flesh-coloured,
E. grandicornis (Lem.) Br. & R. (3b) carmine inside.—Mexico (Hidalgo).
Bo. solitary, spherical to elongated, to c. 10 cm h.,
to 6 cm 0 , bluish-green; crown with yellow felt and E. lancifer (Dietr. non Reichb.) Br. & R. (3b)
Sp.; Ri. to 35, thin, acute; mostly with 3 upper Sp., Bo. broadly spherical (acc. the first description);
the middle one very stiff, stout, flattened, banded Sp- 8, white, or brown-tipped, some broad and flat;
and keeled, to over 5 cm lg., the flanking ones FI. pink, quite large; Pet. linear-oblong, widely
terete, to 3 cm lg.; Rsp. several, the upper ones spreading.—Mexico. Description taken from Br. &
often missing or thin, 4-5 mm lg., the lower ones R,; acc. Pfeiffer’s illustration, there are 3 flattened
more subulate, 4, to 1.2 cm lg.; all Sp. ± yellowish; upper Sp., and one down-curving central; it is not
FI. c. 3 cm lg., whitish (to light purple?).—Mexico. possible to see whether this is flat or terete.
Regarded by many authors as identical with E.
E. guerraianus Backbg. (3b) obvallatus or E. hastatus. The specific name is
Bo. solitary, hemispherical, to 20 cm br., dark dubious and the description inadequate.
green; crown spiny; Ri. to 35; Ar. to 4 cm apart; Sp.
mostly 8, yellowish, brown above; upper Sp. 3, to E. lexarzai (H. Bravo) Croiz. (3b)
1.8 cm lg., + flattened; Rsp. 2-4 bottom ones thin, Bo. broadly spherical, to 10 cm h., to 12 cm 0 ;
to 1cm lg., 2 flanking ones subterete, to 2.8 cm lg.; concealed by the Sp.; Ri. 40-50, somewhat wavy,
Csp. 1, subulate, terete, to 4 cm lg.; FI. 3 cm 0 , thin; Rsp. mostly 8(10), interlacing, 8-13 mm lg.,
violet with a white margin.—Mexico (Hidalgo). acicular, white; upper Sp. 3, the middle one to 6.5
cm lg., broad and flattened, banded, whitish,
E. hastatus (Hopff.) Br. & R. (3b) curving over the crown above, the 2 flanking upper
Bo. depressed-spherical, to 10 cm h., to 12 cm 0 , ones whitish, darker-tipped, to 2 cm lg.; Csp. 1,
light green; Ri. to 35, somewhat notched; Rsp. 5-6, flattened, shorter and narrower than the middle
short, the 2 upper ones stouter, sometimes also 2-3 upper Sp.; FI. 3 cm lg., pale light pink with a
additional ones below, as well as 2 bristly ones reddish or violet M.-stripe.—Mexico (Hidalgo,
behind the upper ones; upper Sp. 3 cm lg., Real del Monte).
flattened; Csp. 1, 4 cm lg., porrect, terete; FI.
whitish, light to darker purple (carmine) in the E. lloydii Br. & R. (3b)
middle.—Mexico (Hidalgo, Metztitlan). Bo. ± spherical, to c. 12 cm h. and br., overtopped
by the Sp.; Ri. very numerous, thin, wavy; Ar.
E. heteracanthus (Muehlpfrdt.) Br. & R. (3b) brownish at first; Rsp. white, acicular, 10-15, 2-8
Bo. spherical to elongated, matt light green, c. 8 cm mm lg. (not 2.8 mm, as in “Die Cact." p. 2771),
0 ; Ri. 30^40 or more; Ar. 2 cm apart; Rsp. 11-13, spreading; upper Sp. (main Sp.) 3, light brown,
white, finely acicular, to 7 mm lg., yellowish below; much elongated, connivent, the middle one very
Csp. (main Sp.) 4, the uppermost one flattened, thin, 4-8 cm lg., banded, the two flanking ones
dagger-like, straight or recurved, to 1.5 cm lg., 1.5 similar, not so' papery-thin; FI. small, almost
mm br.; all Sp. + brownish to lighter (also ruby- white.—Mexico (Zacatecas).
red at first?), also dark-tipped; FI. greenish-
yellow.—Mexico (Coahuila, Durango). E. multicostatus (Hildm.) Br. & R. (3b)
Bo. depressed-spherical to spherical, fresh green, to
E. kellerianus Krainz (3b) 10 cm 0 ; Ri. extremely thin, to over 100, with few
Bo. flattened-spherical, c. 7 cm br., 4 cm h.; crown Ar.; Rsp. mostly 4, terete, hyaline; upper Sp. 3,
densely woolly; Ri. c. 60, fairly robust; Rsp. 2-4, to angular, white, ascending, not broad, often curving
c. 5 mm lg., light brown; upper Sp. 1, 1cmlg.,c. 1.5 like horns, yellowish to brownish, rather thin,
mm br., the upperside black, the underside whitish- approximately equal, to 3 cm lg.; FI. 2.5 cm lg..
144
 ECHINOFOSSULOCACTUS

*hite, purple-violet in the middle.—Mexico 5, spreading, thinner, weaker; FI. to 2 cm lg.,

Coahuila, Saltillo; Durango, Cerro del Risco). yellowish-whitish, reddish in the middle.—Central
Mexico.
E.obvallatus(DC.) Lawr. (3b)
Bo.spherical to elongated;Ri.c. 25, thin, wavy;Sp. E. rectospinus Schmoll: a name which has not been
: 7-8, the larger ones red at first, then brown above validly published; perhaps belongs to the complex
and below; Rsp. c. 4, white, scarcely 8 mm lg., of E. ochoterenaus Tieg.
subulate; upper Sp. 3, flattened, the middle one
sroader, c. 2.5 cm lg.; Csp. 1, subterete, porrect, E. rosasianus Whitm.: see E. ochoterenaus Tieg.
■ •er 2.5 cm lg., indistinctly banded;FI.to c. 2.4 cm
; . purplish-red; Pet. bordered white.—Mexico E. sphacelatus Whitm.: see E. ochoterenaus Tieg.
<Hidalgo). The above description refers to the plant
which the name is applied nowadays. The E. tetraxiphus(Otto) Oehme (3b)
:riginal illustration is not very informative. Bo.eventually elongated, fight green, to 15 cm h., to
10 cm 0 , densely spiny; crown white-woolly,
E. ochoterenausTieg. (3a) spiny; Ri. 30 or more, thin; Rsp. 16-18, light-
Bo. spherical, bluish-green, to c. 7 cm h., 10 cm 0 ; coloured or white, acicular, the lower ones to 15
Ri. c. 30, thin, wavy;Ar. at first with yellowish felt; mm lg.; Csp.4, flattened, the upper one to 4 cm lg.,
Rsp. acicular, thin, spreading, 12 mm lg., hyaline; ± bent, dark yellow to brown, banded; FI.3.5 cm
Csp. 4, flattened, the upper one 2 mm br., to 6 cm 0 , white; Pet. with a red M.-stripe, throat red.—
-i . the lowest one mostly somewhat longer but Mexico (Hidalgo). (Description acc. Berger.)
•: metimes narrower, the side ones shorter, weaker,
::en one small Ssp. behind the upper one, all Sp. E. tricuspidatus(Scheidw.) Br.& R. (3b)
den-yellow at first, banded, later straw-yellow; Bo. spherical to elongated, 5-8 cm br., fight green;
FI. whitish, longer, with a dark M.-line outside.— Ri. 30-55, thin, wavy; Rsp. 5 or more, radiating,
Mexico (Guanajuato; Queretaro). (Fig. 93.) To hyaline, terete, c. 5-7 mm lg., pointing sideways
—s complex we must refer the following (not and downwards, sometimes also 2 subsidiary upper
- idly published) names for similarly spined plants Sp., curving upwards and somewhat stouter; upper
* .:h generally purple-reddish flowers although in Sp. 1, blade-like, thin, + curving or + straight,
k me cases these are somewhat longer: 0.8-3.3 cm lg., reddish at first, with the black tip
E densispinus (Tieg.) Schmoll: Sp. fine, densely sometimes slit or dentate; FI. 1.5 cm lg., greenish-
interlacing, light-coloured; Csp. long, projecting; yellow.—Mexico (San Luis Potosí).
E parksianus Schmoll: crown with light wool;
•:th dark, longer, projecting Csp.; E. vaupelianus(Werd.) Tieg. & Oehme (3a)
E rosasianus Whitm.: Ar. fairly large, light-felty; Bo. hemispherical, matt green; Ri. 30-40; Rsp.
Esp. fight, longer; radiating, hyaline, sometimes darker-tipped, thin-
E sphacelatus Whitm.: Csp. finer, only medium- acicular, mostly straight, interlacing laterally,
ng, projecting, darker at first. 1-1.5 cm lg.; Csp. 1-2, one over the other, toe. 7 cm
lg., subulate, sharp, often ± flat, porrect, one
- parksianus Schmoll: see under preceding spec. sometimes curving upwards, brownish-black at
first, then reddish-brown, frosted; FI.cream, with a
E. pentacanthus(Lem.) Br. & R. (3b) dark stripe on the outside.—Mexico.
Bo. compressed-spherical to elongated, bluish-
ireen: Ri.c. 25 or more (to 50?); Ar. few to a Ri.; E. violaciflorus(Quehl) Br. & R. (3b)
Upper Sp. 3, the middle one blade-like, mostly Bo. spherical to elongated, to 10 cm 0 , bluish-
. - "■ :ng upwards to the Bo., the others + flattened, green; crownspiny; Ri.c. 35, thin, deeply notched;
irinner and shorter than the middle one; Rsp. 2, Ar. grey-felty at first; Rsp. 4, hyaline, terete, the
mting downwards, thin, shortest; FI.deep violet, upper pair 7-9 mm lg., the lower pair c. 12 mm lg.;
n:: long but quite large; Pet. bordered white.— upper Sp. 3, the middle one to 3(-6?) cm lg.,
Central Mexico. resembling a wood-shaving, keeled and banded, ±
appressed, honey-coloured at first, brown-tipped,
L phyllacanthus(Mart.) Lawr. (3b) the 2 flanking Sp. less broad, somewhat thicker,
B®. depressed-spherical to elongated, to 15 cm h., sometimes with a further glassy, thin Ssp. behind
- 10 cm 0 , dark green; Ri. 30-35, thin; crown the middle Sp.; FI.2.5 cm lg., white, purple-violet in
.: r.cealed by the Sp.; upper Sp. 3, 4-8 cm lg., the the middle.—Mexico (Zacatecas; Aguascalientes).
--idle one much elongated, all flat, keeled and
- anded (or perhaps only the middle one), rosy-red E. wippermannii(Muehlpfrdt.) Br. & R. (3a)
: ruby-red at first, finally brownish; Rsp.mostly c. Bo. spherical to elongated, to 15 cm h., dark green;
145
ECHINOFOSSULOCACTUS—ECHINOMASTUS

Ri.(25-)35(-40), slightly wavy; Rsp. 18-22, bristly, cm lg. and br., intense red; Fr. 1.5 cm lg., pale
white, the lowest ones to 1.5 cm lg.; Csp. erect, green, with thin Sc.; S. black, wrinkled.—USA
subulate, 2-6 cm lg., the 3 uppermost ones ± (Arizona, Acuna Valley).
flattened, faintly banded, the bottom one straight,
porrect, subterete, thickened below, all ± blackish- E. carrizalensis Kuenzl.: an undescribed name.
brown; FI. 1.5 cm lg., yellow with a brownish M.- (Fig. 95?)
stripe.—Mexico (Hidalgo).
E. dasyacanthus (Eng.) Br. & R.:E. intertextusv.
E. zacatecasensisBr. & R. (3b) dasyacanthus(Eng.) Backbg.
Bo. solitary, spherical, to 10 cm 0 , pale green; Ri.
c. 55, very thin; Rsp. 10-12, thin-acicular, 8-10 mm E.durangensis(Rge.) Br. & R.
lg., radiating; Csp.: 1 as an upper Sp., directed Bo.hemispherical or ovoid, described as to 8 cm h.,
upwards towards the Bo., flattened, to 4 cm lg., to c. 7 cm 0 , but in fact to 25 cm lg. and 10 cm. 0 ;
never banded, also 2 recurved flanking Csp., crown spiny; Ri. 18, with fairly deep transverse
longer, but shorter than the upper Sp., all 3 Sp. indentations; Tub. 8 mm h.; Ar. white; Rsp. over
brownish; FI. 3-4 cm 0 , white with a pale violet- 30, the lower ones to 1.5 cm, the upper ones to 3 cm
pink tint.—Mexico (N. Zacatecas). lg., stiff, white, little curving; Csp.(3-)4, curving ±
upwards, blackish; FI. bellshaped-funnelform,
rather small (brownish-reddish?).—Mexico (Du­
Echinomastus Br. & R. (200) rango, Rio Nazas).

Diagnostic characters of the Genus as follows: ribs E. erectocentrus(Coult.) Br. & R. (T.)
fairly strongly divided into tuberculate pro­ Bo. ovoid to short-cylindric, to 20 cm lg., to 10 cm
tuberances but still fairly clearly distinguishable; 0 , pale bluish-green; Ri. 15— 20( 21), tuberculate;
spine-clusters arise from the end of furrow-like Tub. crowded; Rsp.c. 14, straight, pale, c. 1.25 cm
long areoles, felted in flowering plants, although lg.; Csp.reddish or purple, ± projecting to erect, to
this felt is sometimes absent at first; flowers ± 2.5 cm lg., slightly thickened below, sometimes
bellshaped, sometimes quite small, sometimes with 1 additional very short Csp.; FI.c. 2 cm 0 , c.
medium-sized; the ovaries and the dry, variously 3(-5? Br. & R.) cm lg., pink-madder, darker at the
dehiscent fruits are scaly. centre, tipped brownish-pink; Fr. pale green,
The species have been referred by some authors to cylindric, c. 1.5 cm lg., splitting laterally; S. matt
■ Thelocactus, as did Schumann with his Subgenus black, finely tuberculate.—USA (SE. Arizona).
of the same name. However, closer study of all the Acc. L. Benson, the FI. also opens to 3-4 cm 0 .
species shows them to be a closely related and
distinctive group, with conspicuously attractive E. intertextus(Eng.) Br. & R.
spination, the flowers being mostly bellshaped, and Bo. ovoid-spherical to cylindric, to 12.5 cm h., 5-7
smaller than in Thelocactus. The spines are ± cm 0 ; Ri. 13; Rsp. 16-25, appressed, interlacing,
interlacing throughout. It is also worth noting that the upper 5-9 also in part bristly (in cultivated
unlike Thelocactus, where the plants mostly grow plants all the Rsp. are ± alike); Csp. (3— )4, one
well, the species of this Genus are sometimes being shorter, more central and projecting, the
difficult on their own roots with the possible others pointing straight upwards; all Sp. light to
exception of E. macdowellii. They have such reddish; FI. 2.5 cm lg., light purple, bordered
unmistakable similarities of habit that it is best to white; Fr. spherical, dry, splitting all round below
preserve their distinct generic status. The seeds, as and opening; S.glossy.—USA (W. Texas), Mexico
far as known, are dull or glossy, black, finely (Chihuahua).
reticulate or tuberculate.—Distribution: USA (S. v. dasyacanthus (Eng.) Backbg.: Csp. and Rsp.
States including W. Utah), Mexico (the N., and to alike, bluish-purple (the bristly upper Sp. white),
Zacatecas). [(G) -x-.] acicular, thin, sometimes missing at first, one Sp.
curving ± upwards; FI. white to purple.—USA
E. acunensisMarsh. (Texas (near El Paso)).
Bo. flattened-spherical, to 17.5 cm h., to 10 cm 0 ;
R. fusiform; Ri. c. 18, laterally compressed, with E.johnsonii(Parry) Baxt.
confluent Tub.; Ar. white-woolly at first, with the Bo. becoming cylindric, to c. 25 cm h., to c. 12 cm
FI.-furrow extending to the depression of the Tub.; 0 , solitary; Ri. mostly 18-20, broken into low
Rsp. 12, spreading, acicular, white below, reddish Tub.; Rsp. 8-15 (Hester), to 2 cm lg.; Csp. 6-13, to
above; Csp. 3^1, developing later, upper ones 4 cm lg.; all Sp. red to reddish-grey; FI. flesh-
connivent, to c. 2.5 cm lg., acicular, reddish, coloured to purplish-pink to white, to 6.5 cm lg.
brown-tipped, white in the lowest third; FI.c. 2.5 and 0 ; Fr. oblong, to 1.5 cm lg., + naked,
146
 ECHINOFOSSULOCACTUS—ECHINOPSIS

dehiscing laterally.—USA (S. States, from Utah cm 0 , dirty white, with a dull reddish centre.—
and Nevada southwards), Mexico (Sierra Mapimi). Sp. not as stout as in E.
v. lutescens(Parrish) Marsh.: to 40 cm lg., to 15 unguispinus, the FI. larger and somewhat
cm 0 ; Rsp. 10-14; Csp. 4(-7); FI.c. 6 cm lg., 5 differently coloured.
cm 0 , pale to deep yellow, brownish-red in the
centre, remaining open up to 7 days. Sp. vary E. mariposensisJ. P. Hest.
from pale yellow to pink or brownish-red Bo.solitary, spherical to elongated, to 9 cm h., 6 cm
(Arizona). 0 ; R. stalk-like, bearing fibrous R.; Ri. 21,
indistinctly tuberculate; Rsp. 25-35, acicular, thè
E. kakuiBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 6, 1963. shortest ones 4 mm lg. ; Csp. 4(—6), 0.5-1.5 cm lg.,
Bo. subspherical to elongated, c. 8 cm h. and 5.5 cm the upper ones directed towards the apex, the
hr. has been noted, pale greyish-green; Ri. 13, lowest one porrect to bending somewhat down­
mberculate but continuous;Tub. to 1cm lg.; Ar. wards, stiffer than the Rsp. ; all Sp. white, with a
oval, with dirty greyish-brown felt, to 2 mm lg., small brown tip ; FI.2.5 cm lg., 2 cnr0, pink ; Fr. +
becoming glabrous; Rsp. 10-14, 1-2.5 cm lg.[ spherical, disintegrating horizontally at one side;
stoutly acicular, horn-coloured, violet-grey above, S. black, finely tuberculate.—USA (Texas, not far
r smetimes with a Ssp. in the upper margin of the from the Mariposa Mine).
A:.: Csp. 1, strongly erect, c. 1.5 cm lg., violet-grey
m the lower part; all Sp.interlacing over the crown; E. unguispinus(Eng.) Br. & R.
FI. ?—USA (Arizona?). (Fig. 94.) An earlier Bo. solitary, spherical to + tapering above, to 10
proposed name was E. pallidus. cm h., 7 cm 0 ; crown woolly, spiny; Ri. c. 21,
strongly tuberculate; Ar. round, to 5 mm 0 ; Rsp.
E. krausei(Hildm.) Borg c. 21, thin-subulate, sharp, 1.2-2 cm lg., the upper
Bo. cylindric-ellipsoid, to 15 cm lg., 12 cm 0 , + ones to 3 cm lg., white, interlacing; Csp.4-8, much
bluish-green; crown woolly; Ri. 21-23, notched, 1 stouter, one of them very robust, bent downwards
cm h., obtuse; Ar.white at first; Rsp. 14-20, white, and clawlike, to 4 cm lg., brown to blackish, the
iark above and below; Csp. 2-4, to 4 cm lg.’ remainder directed strongly upwards, bluish,
arown, lighter below; FI. to 4 cm lg., white,' tending to horn-coloured, 2.4-3.5 cm lg.; FI.
^mkish-red above and outside, to 2.5 cm 0 ; Sti! 2(— 2.5) cm lg., 2 cm 0 , greenish, with a greenish-
rurple; Fr. ?—USA (Arizona, Dragoon Summit). brown to reddish-brown centre.—Mexico (Chih­
Acc. Schumann, the FI. is set with sparse felt and a uahua, Zacatecas).
ew white or red Sp.; this latter is very unusual in
the northern group. Perhaps an anomaly? Unfor-
'.unately the spec, has not been re-collected in the Echinopsis Zucc. (93)
:;.pe-locality, and botanists studying the cacti of
Arizona would perform a useful task by clarifying The genus was erected as early as 1837 and disputes
this interesting spec. In the light of the above have raged for a long time as to the species it should
cnusual characters, Borg’s inclusion in Echinom- include, and those which should be excluded;
istus can only be justified if these represent Hooker, for instance, saw it as a group of forms
-tavistic phenomena. belonging to Cereus. If this reasoning is followed,
then it would be impossible to segregate Tri-
E. macdowellii(Reb.) Br. & R. chocereus Br. & R. from Echinopsis, since there are
Bo.broadly spherical, to over 10 cm 0 ; crownwith low-growing species in the former, and cereoid
dlowish felt; Ri.to 30 or more, tuberculate; Rsp. species of Echinopsis as well as the cactoid ones.
- -27, thin, to 3 cm lg., white, almost concealing The relatively insignificant differences of floral
the Bo.; Csp.3-4, stouter, thickened below, 2.5-4.5 structure—in a concept such as Hooker’s—would
cm lg., dark below, transparent and straw-coloured likewise fail to justify any separation. Other
-bove; FI. funnelform, red, 4 cm lg.—Mexico authors (e.g. Castellanos) have united Lobivia Br.
Nuevo León, Coahuila). & R. with Echinopsis; since the former genus
includes species with flowers opening in the
E. mapimiensisBackbg. evening, and remaining open throughout the first
Bo.to 10 cm h., to 8 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 13, greyish-green, night and also the following day (a phenomenon
‘iberculate; Rsp. c. 22, white, to 2 cm lg., also known in Echinopsis, however), it really is not
oppressed, interlacing; Csp. mostly 4, fairly stout, possible to draw any distinction between these last
projecting or ± down-curving, whitish, tipped two genera on the basis of night- or day-flowering,
--ownish, the projecting Sp. ± bent at the tip, or the bright flower-colours of Lobivia. For this
; sorter than the others which are to 3 cm lg., and reason I have erected the Genus Pseudolobivia for
:erected strongly towards the apex; FI.c. 3 cm lg., 2 plants which are broadly spherical, with ±

147
ECHINOPSIS

hatchet-shaped, tuberculate ribs, with the flowers number to those of the type but stouter, the
short (as in Lobivia) to longer and in part long and upper 1-3 sometimes darker, the lower central
slender, but then less stout than in Echinopsis, in one to 2.5 cm lg. or rather more; Pet.c. 2cm br.,
colours of yellow, red and white. The founding of + fimbriate, with a slender tip.
Pseudolovia proved necessary because this genus
clearly stands halfway between Echinopsis and E. ancistrophora Speg.: Pseudolobivia ancis-
Lobivia and is an essential justification for the trophora(Speg.) Backbg.
existence of the latter; in other words if Pseudol-
obivia is not accepted, then Lobivia as a valid genus E.arebaloiCard.
would also disappear, and Trichocereus likewise. Bo. spherical, more freely offsetting, to 10 cm h.
In this event, all the species of these genera would and 0 , dark green; Ri.c. 11, rounded, 1cm h.; Rsp.
revert to the earliest name: Echinopsis. But this, in and Csp. scarcely differentiated, 12-15, 5-20 mm
view of the great number of species now known, lg., grey, brownish-tipped; FI. 16cm lg.; Tu. 10cm
would give rise to an outsize genus and consequent lg., thus scarcely greater than the F1.-0; Pet.
difficulties of understanding and elucidation. white.—Bolivia (Comarapa).
Smaller genera also have the virtue of representing
essentially homogeneous groups of species. These E.baldianaSpeg.
conventional genera thus reflect, at least to a Bo.solitary, elliptic-cylindric, to 30cm h., 15cm 0 ,
certain extent, the facts of Nature’s creations and rarely offsetting; Ri. 13-14,not notched; Ar.8mm
are also far more comprehensible than large and 0 , grey; Rsp.9-11,to 15mmlg.; Csp. 3-4,to 5cm
amorphous genera. Trichocereus and Lobivia are lg.; all Sp. dark chestnut at first, rather redder
now generally accepted and logically, therefore, the below, becoming pinkish-grey and then grey, dark-
same should apply to Pseudolobivia whose species tipped; FI. very large, scented.—Argentina (Cat-
vary in character from near-Echinopsis to near- amarca).
Lobivia. Small genera such as these have the
additional requirement of demanding preciser E. boyuibensis Ritt.: Pseudolobivia boyuibensis
determination of the differential characters and are (Ritt.) Backbg.
thus more significant to any phytographic work
and for practical applications—than any theoreti­ E.brasiliensisFric ex Pazout—Friciana Rada 1: 7,
cal combinations. The phylogeneticist may see 3. 1962.
everything in terms of ± connected evolutionary Bo. fairly small, glossy greyish-green; Ri.9, acute;
lines, but other points of view carry greater weight Ar. small, 1cm apart, with some greyish-white felt;
with the phytographer. Sp. 7-9, subulate, yellowish-white, 1 cm lg.,
Diagnostic characters of Echinopsis: plants spheri­ radiating, dark-tipped; FI.to 10 cm br., agreeably
cal to more strongly elongated in age, or sometimes scented; Tu. 12 cm lg., hairy; Pet.broad, light red;
cereoid; flowers hairy, stouter and longer fun- Fil.and Sti.yellowish-white.—Brazil (in the S.)
nelform, varying in colour from white to ±
purplish-pink; in general, however, the plant- E. bridgesiiSD.
bodies show greater degrees of body-reduction Bo. eventually oblong, offsetting; St.to 10 cm 0 ;
than occurs in the species of Trichocereus; by Ri. to 10-12, prominent; Ar. large, brown-felty;
comparison with the latter, the fruits of Echinopsis Sp.(Rsp.)8-10, brown at first, noticeably unequal,
are also smaller, subspherical to elongated and ± sometimes more numerous, in part as long as the
strongly hairy, lacking bristles or extended bristly longest Csp.; Csp. (0-)several, often one only,
or spiny scale-tips, coloured green or ± reddish to thickened below, becoming light grey with a dark
dirty purple or brick-red, the seeds rather small and tip; FI.15-18 cm lg., white; Tu.with grey and black
black, but not described for most species.— H. —Bolivia (Highlands around La Paz).
Distribution: from N. Bolivia to S. Argentina,
Paraguay, Uruguay and S. Brazil. [(R).] E. calliantholilacinaCard.
Bo.spherical, greyish-green, to 4 cm h., to 9 cm 0 ;
E. albispinosaK.Sch. Ri.acute, 10-12, divided into hatchet-shaped Tub.;
Bo. spherical, eventually elongated, somewhat Rsp.7-9, ± curving, pectinate and appressed, thin-
offsetting; Ri. 10-11; Sp. 11-14, thin, to c. 10, the subulate, 8-15 mm lg.; Csp. 1, directed upwards,
upper pairs longest, interlacing laterally; Csp. 2 I. 5-2 cm lg.; all Sp. grey, tipped brownish; FI. 15
differentiated; Sp. more strongly spreading, the cm lg., light magenta-lilac, almost white; Sep.
central(s) dark reddish-brown at first, all later lanceolate, magenta-lilac; Pet. spatulate, 6 cm lg.;
becoming white; FI. to 19.5 cm lg., white.—Origin lower Fil.pale green, upper ones white; stylegreen;
? Sti. greenish. The Tu. is curving, 8 cm lg.,
v. fuauxiana Backbg.: Ri. c. 12; Sp. equal in brownish-green.—Bolivia (Prov. Oropeza, Dept.
148
 ECHINOPSIS

Chuquisaca, near Sucre, 2700 m). depressed, 1 cm apart, more strongly felty at first;
Rsp. 5-9, somewhat projecting; Csp. mostly 1, all
E.calochloraK.Sch. Sp. deep brown at first, c. 1 cm lg. or rather more,
Bo. rather small, spherical, light green, 6-9 cm 0 ; very sharp; FI.white.—Bolivia (Cochabamba).
Ri. 13, broad, notched; Ar. 15 mm apart; Rsp.
ascending, 14-20,0.5-1 cm lg.; Csp.3^4, somewhat E. comarapana Card.
ionger than the Rsp.; all Sp. yellow, the centrals Bo. shortly cylindric, offsetting, forming groups to
either darker or darker-tipped; FI.16cm lg. - Brazil 40 cm br., single heads to 15 cm h., 8 cm 0; Ri.
Corumba). 10-12, 1 cm h.; Rsp. 9-11, 5-11mm lg., grey; Csp.
v- albispina Backbg.: bluish-green, moderately 1, pointing downwards, 1.5-2 cm lg.; Sp. all thin-
glossy; Sp. to c. 22, several centrals distinguish­ acicular, thickened below, grey; FI. 15 cm lg., 6 cm
able, all pale brownish at first, later below only, 0, white, washed pink at the tips; Fr.3 cm 0, dark
otherwise white, especially on the offsets at first; green.—Bolivia (Comarapa, S. Isidro).
FI.pinkish-red.—S. Brazil.
E. cordobensisSpeg.
Echinopsis calochrysea Ritt. (FR 985): no de­ Bo.solitary, eventually thick-cylindric, to 50 cm h.,
scription available. 35 cm 0, dull green, somewhat pruinose; Ri. 13,
acute; Rsp. 8-10, 1-2 cm lg.; Csp. 1—3, longest one
E calorubra Card.: referred to Pseudolobivia 3-5 cm lg., all thickened below; all Sp. straight,
oecause of the compressed-spherical Bo., the dark at first, then grey; FI. erect, 20-22 cm lg.,
■ _:chet-shaped Ri., and the FL, which is orange- white; Fr. spherical, 2.5 cm 0, yellowish-red.—
red to bluish-pink (inside). See Pseudolobivia Argentina (Córdoba, Villa Mercedes).
calorubra(Card.) Backbg.
E. coronataCard.
E campylacantha Pfeiff. non R. Mey.: Echinopsis Bo. solitary, spherical, to 15 cm h., to 17 cm 0,
«eucantha(Gill.) Walp. greyish-green; Ri. 13, acute, notched; Rsp. 8-10,
1-2 cm lg.; Csp. 1, 1.2-3 cm lg.; all Sp. subulate,
E. cerdanaCard. grey; FI. to c. 18 cm lg.; Pet. pure white; Sep.
Bo. greyish-green, 8-10 cm h., 10-20 cm 0 ; Ri. greenish in the middle; Fr. 3 cm lg., dehiscing
-16, acute, notched; Rsp. 8-12, 1-3 cm lg.; Csp. longitudinally.—Bolivia (near Valle Abajo, Dept.
3-6 cm lg.; Sp. all very stout, grey, brownish- Santa Cruz).
irpped, subulate, compressed-terete, thickened
:>e.ow; FI. 14 cm lg.; Sep. light lilac-purple; Pet. 4 E. cotacajesiCard.
lg., white.—Bolivia (near Cerda). Perhaps Bo.spherical, 4-6 cm h., 7-8 cm 0, dark green; Ri.
relongs to Pseudolobivia, similar to Ps. wilkeae? 8-10, obtuse, 1-1.5 cm h., 2-2.5 cm br. at the base;
Ar. 12-15 mm apart, round, 4-6 mm 0 ; Rsp. 6-10,
E. chacoana Schiitz 5-8 mm lg.; Csp. 1, 16-18 mm lg., directed
Bo. spherical, eventually shortly cylindric, light upwards; all Sp.sharp, acicular, dark ash-grey; FI.
green: Ri. 12-18, straight, not tuberculate; Ar. apical, 11 cm lg., 5 cm br.; Ov. green, spherical,
rrey. 2 cm apart; Csp. 1, porrect, to over 7 cm lg.; with pink Sc. and white H.;Tu. 6.5 cm lg., 12 mm
Rsp. 7-8, to 2 cm lg.; all Sp. fairly robustly br., green, with Sc. and H.; Sep. recurved,
■ abulate, ± brown at first, then grey; FI.white; Tu. lanceolate, 30x7 mm, greenish outside, white
-y.h white and brown H.; Fr. brown.—Paraguay inside; Pet. 30 x 10 mm, white; style 7.5 cm lg.,
3’naco Boreal). green with 11 yellow Sti.; Fr. spherical, 2-2.5 cm
Ritter distinguishes v. spinosior Ritt. (Succulenta, 0. —Bolivia (Prov. Ayopaya, Dept. Cochabamba,
- 2, 26. 1965); Ri. 10-15; Rsp. 8-9, 2-4 cm lg.; near Cotacajes, 2700 m).
E4p. 3—4, 3-8 cm lg.—Bolivia (Prov. Gran Chaco,
innguiti: FR 783a). Since the data are not E. cylindrica (FR 1094): no description available.
gnificantly different, either the spec, (with the
- ascription based on a single plant) is more variable E. dehrenbergiiFric
-n suggested, or Ritter's details merely amplify Bo.spherical; Ri.acute; Ar.round, c. 1.5 cm apart;
i-e original description, and this is not a good Sp.increasing in number with age, 5-20, sometimes
—ety. The spec, may even be identical with E. only 3^4 or somewhat more towards the apex; Csp.
meveri. 1, to 1.5 cm lg.; Fl. ?—Paraguay. Belongs to the
complex of E. paraguayensis (still undescribed).
E.cochabambensisBackbg. v. blossfeldiiBackbg.: Bo. broadly spherical; Ri.
Bo- soon oblong, freely offsetting, glossy oil-green; to 16, lower than in the type, becoming flatter
Ri- c. 10, rounded and tuberculately notched; Ar. below; Sp. very variable in number, often to 30
149
ECHINOPSIS

on older growth, subulate, fewer above; Csp. 1, E. hamatacantha Backbg.: Pseudolobiviahamatac-

straight or + curving, dark brown.—Paraguay. antha(Backbg.) Backbg.
E.eyriesii(Turp.) Zucc. (T.) E. hamatispina Werd.: Pseudolobivia kratoch-
Bo. solitary at first, eventually more freely off­ viliana(Backbg.) Backbg.
setting, spherical to short-columnar; Ri. 11—18, not
tuberculate; Ar.round, white or pale brownish; Sp. E. hammerschmidii Card.
very short, often scarcely visible through the wool, Bo. short-cylindric, solitary or offsetting, to 10 cm
dark brown; Rsp. to 10, c. 5 mm lg.; Csp. 4-8, to 5 h., to 9 cm 0 ; Ri. 15, acute, notched, dark green,
mm lg.; FI. 17-25 cm lg., white.—S. Brazil to sometimes + reddish above, c. 1.5 cm h.; Ar.grey;
Argentina (Entre Rios). Rsp. 8-9. 6-8 mm lg.; Csp. 1,15-18 mm lg.; all Sp.
v. grandifloraR. Mey. non Lke.: Rsp. bristly, to grey, swollen below; FI. white; Fr. spherical or
6, scarcely visible; Csp. 5, 3 directed upwards, 2 elliptic, 2.5 cm lg., dark green; S. spherical,
downwards, to 3 mm lg., brownish; FI. large, black.—Bolivia (Las Lajas, Dept. Santa Cruz).
pink; Sep. strongly recurved.—Brazil (Rio
Grande do Sul). Attribution to this spec, is E. herbasiiCard.
dubious. Bo. offsetting, to 6 cm h., to 10 cm 0 , faded green;
Ri. 20-23, notched, acute; Rsp. and Csp. not
E. fiebrigii Giirke: Pseudolobivia obrepanda v. differentiated, 20-25, one of these to 1.4 cm lg.,
fiebrigii(Giirke) Backbg. [Note by W. Haage: Dr. brown-tipped; FI.14 cm lg., white.—Bolivia (Dept.
H. Friedrich's studies have shown this should be Chuquisaca). (FR 643, 1089.)
known as E. obrepanda (K.Sch.) v. fiebrigii.]
E. huotii(Cels) Lab.
E. forbesii (Lehm.) Dietr. was possibly the first Bo. solitary, columnar, to 35 cm h., to 8 cm 0 ,
name for E. rhodotricha K.Sch. glossy dark green, later offsetting from the base; Ri.
11, to 1.2 cm h.; Ar. yellowish-white; Rsp. 9-11,
E. formosa Jac.: Soehrensia formosa (Pfeiff.) subulate, to 2.2 cm lg.; Csp. usually 4, the longest
Backbg. one porrect, to 4 cm lg. or more; FI.17—20 cm lg., to
13 cm 0 , white.—Bolivia.
E. gemmata K.Sch.: see Echinopsis turbinata
(Pfeiff.) Zucc. E. ibicuatensisCard.
E. grandifloraLink 1857
Bo. solitary, spherical, to 9 cm h., to 14 cm 0 , pale
Bo. 6 cm h., 4 cm 0 , dark green; Ri. 12, vertical, green; Ri.later to 13, acute, 2.5 cm h.; Rsp.c. 10, to
scarcely wavy, with deep furrows; Ar. 0.5-1 inch 1.2 cm lg.; Csp. 1, to 1.2 cm lg.; all Sp.ash-grey; FI.
apart, light grey on new growth, becoming 18 cm lg., white; Fr.oblong, 3 cm lg., with white H.
glabrous; Rsp. 5-13; Csp. If all Sp. straight, and pink Sc.—Bolivia (Dept. Santa Cruz).
subulate, reddish-brown at first, later black; FI.
trumpet-shaped, 4.5 inches 0 , white, agreeably E. imperialis hort. (Hummel): a hybrid between a
perfumed, remaining open for 3-5 days; Tu. Trichocereus and an Echinopsis. This imposing
slender, green; Ov. oblong, with tufted H.; Sep. plant, already over 2 m h., is in the Jardin Exotique,
lanceolate; Pet. in 2 Ser., pure white; Fil. white Monaco; it offsets strongly and produces huge
with yellow An.; style yellowish-white with 12 white FI. It is very vigorous-growing. Since it has
already been widely distributed, it should be named
yellowish Sti.—S. Brazil. as an intergeneric hybrid: xTrichoechinopsis (see
Echinopsis‘Haku-jo’ hort. (Haku-jomaru) also the introductory text on the subject of
A monstrose Echinopsis form from Japan, more intergeneric hybrids).
recently distributed also in USA; the name
translates roughly as: “Ball with stripes of grey E. intricatissimaSpeg.
felt”. Bo. solitary, ± ovoid, to 20 cm h.; Ri. 16; Rsp.
Bo. dark green, offsetting to form groups; Ri. 8-13, to 1.5 cm lg.; Csp. 4-6, the 1-2 longest to 10
acute; Ar. connected by broad ribbons of grey cm lg., ± upcurving; Sp. mostly 3-6 cm lg.
wool; Rsp.c. 8; Csp. 1. Presumably a hybrid.* (centrals), all strongly interlacing, at first reddish to
ashy (to blackish?); FI. to 22 cm lg., faintly
perfumed; Fr. to 3 cm lg., green at first, then
* T ra n s la to r’s n o te : W hile the grey-felty a p p earan ce gives yellowish.—Argentina (Mendoza).
th e Bo. a n interestingly “ different" look, th e only FI. I
h av e seen w ere very sm all, oran g e-y ello w an d so
d isto rted -cru m p led th a t the p lan t seems m ore o f a jE.kladiwaianaRausch 1972
m o n stro sity th a n a h y brid as suggested by H aage. IBo.cylindric, forming groups, fresh green, to 20cm

150
 ECHINOPSIS

- and 6 cm 0 ; Ri. ] 1-13, straight, c. 7 mm h., ± v. volliana Backbg.: broadly spherical; Ri.
■-berculate ; Ar. c. 16 mm apart, 2 mm 0 , white- 10-11, acute; Rsp.to c. 7; Csp. 1, long, thickened
felty; Rsp. 12-14, radiating, to 15mmlg.;Csp. 1-3, below; Sp. all projecting; FI.white, shorter than
i:rected upwards, to 10 cm lg. ; all Sp.thin, flexible, in the type.—Origin?
--own, lighter below; Fl. subapical, to 22 cm lg.
-.d 12 cm 0 ; Ov. with tuberculate Sc.; Tu. with E. leucorhodantha Backbg.: Pseudolobivia
-rshy Sc. and long black H. ; Sep.lanceolate, green leucorhodantha(Backbg.) Backbg.
- :th a long brownish tip ; Pet.spatulate, 80 mm lg.
¿nd to 20 mm br., white, throat white ; Fil.greenish- E. lobivioides Backbg.: Pseudolobivia pel-
white;style14 cm lg., light green with 10 greenish- ecyrhachisv. lobivioides(Backbg.) Backbg.
•;llow Sti.; Fr.c. 30 mm 0 , with Sc. and greyish-
: ick H.—Bolivia (near Inquisivi, 2800-3100 m). E. mamillosaGurke
.-.elated to E. ayopayana Ritt. & Rausch, but Bo.solitary, broadly spherical, to c. 12 cm h., 10 cm
}distinguished by the lighter green Bo., more 0, glossy green; Ri. to over 30, with + chin-like
ewded Ar. and long flexible Sp. Tub.; Rsp. 8—10(—12), 5-10 mm lg.; Csp. 1-4, to 1
cm lg-, yellowish, brown above; FI. 13-18 cm lg., 8
- klimpeliana Weidl. & Werd. : Acanthocalycium cm 0, white, sometimes washed + pink above; Fr.
umpelianum (Weidl. & Werd.) Backbg. spherical, with grey H.; S. matt black.—Bolivia
(Tarija).
E-klinglerianaCard. I have seen some plants which were larger. Ritter
Bo.simple, 12-14 cm h„ 13 cm 0 , light green; Ri. also distinguishes the following variety of which at
acute, notched, 2 cm h., 3 cm br. ; Ar. 2.5-3 cm least the first description is only supplementary to
-rirt. round, prominent, with dark grey wool, 1cm that of Gurke, who based his on a single specimen,
- Rsp. 5-6, 2-3 cm lg., thin-subulate, whitish or as did Bodeker: v. ritteri (Bod.) Ritt.: Bo. 10-25 cm
*dk>w, 1 Csp. sometimes present; FI. lateral, 0 ; Ri- 18-32; Rsp. 12-15, 1-2.5 cm lg.; Csp. 3-8;
-nnelform, 12 cm lg., white; Ov. spherical, 12 mm Sp. somewhat stouter.—Bolivia (Tarija; FR 79).
i - with acute pink Sc. and brown H.; Sep. The identical locality is an additional reason for
ddceolate, 3 cm lg., brownish-lilac; Pet. lan- treating the above details as no more than an
- ;date, 2.5cm lg., white ; Fil.thin, white, 3-4 cm lg. ; amplification of the original description,
vn. \ellow; style 7 cm lg., greenish, white above; v. orozasana Ritt.: Pseudolob. orozasana (Ritt.)
'-i. 15, 12 mm lg.; Fr. elliptic, 2-3 cm lg., with Backbg.;
>. and white and brownish wool.—Bolivia v. tamboensis Ritt.—Succulenta, 44:2, 25. 1965:
d .jquitos, Santa Cruz, near the Salinas de San distinguishable by more numerous Sp.; Rsp.
- : >e. in part on very salt-impregnated soil). Acc. 12-18; Csp. 3-12.—Bolivia (Prov. O’Connor,
Markus, this spec, is identical with E. chacoana; Tambo; FR 780).
T'icrmens are known to reach a height of 50 cm.'
*_med for Father E. Klingler, San José. E. mataranensisCard. 1969
Bo. spherical, 12-13 cm h., 18-20cm thick, bluish-
- korethroides Werd. : Soehrensia korethroides green, crown sunken; Ri.8-10, acute, tuberculate;
erd.) Backbg. Ar.2-3 cm apart, 5-15mm lg., obliquely sunken in
the Tub., with light brown felt; Sp. 11-13, +
xratochviliana Backbg. : Pseudolobivia krat- pectinate, 1-5 cm lg., spreading or appressed,
xnviliana(Backbg.) Backbg. curving, horny-grey, thickened below; FI. lateral,
funnelform, 16-18cm lg., 8cm 0 ; Ov.2cm lg.; Sc.
- lecoriensis Card.: Pseudolobivia lecoriensis 6 mm lg., brownish, with black, brown and white
7and.) Backbg. H.; Tu. 8-9 cm lg., with Sc. 1 cm lg., greenish-
brown, mostly with black H.; Sep. lanceolate,
E. ieucantha(Gill.) Walp. brownish or greenish-white, 40 x 5 mm; Pet.
3-.. spherical to ellipsoid, never columnar, green, lanceolate, 50x10 mm, white; style 11 cm lg.,
metimes ± frosted, to c. 15cm 0; Ri. 14-16, to greenish-yellow, with 12 yellow Sti. 1 cm lg.—’
: cm h. ; Ar.yellowish-felty ; Rsp.9-10,yellowish- Bolivia (Tarata, Cochabamba, near Matarani).
wn, to 2.5cm lg. ; Csp. 1,over 5cm lg., brown, Conspicuous by reason of the long Sp. and the
corker-tipped; FI. to 17 cm lg., white; Fr. dark dense black H. of the Sc. on the Tu.
*d —Argentina (NW. Provinces).
brasiliensisSpeg. : cylindric, to 15 cm h., 10 cm E. melanopotamicaSpeg.
J : Ri. 13; Ar. with ash-grey felt; Sp. 7, robust; Bo.cylindric in age, to 50 cm h., 15 cm 0, offsetting
Csp. 1, to 7 cm lg., black to ash-grey; FI. 16 cm only when older, dark green, then + frosted, fi nally
.£ -Brazil (Santos). Appears to have died out, grey; Ri. 14, notched; Rsp. 5-9, tipped reddish to
-nd was probably a valid spec. ;
151
ECHINOPSIS

ash-coloured, straight at first, then somewhat ± frosted; Ri. 14, rounded above; Rsp. 5-15,
curving; Csp. 1, to 4 cm lg-, ash-grey, reddish- unequal, to 1.5 cm lg.; Csp.2-5, somewhat longer;
tipped ; FI. unscented, 22 cm lg.; Fr. 3.5 cm lg., dirty all Sp.horn-coloured, black-tipped; FI. c. 22 cm lg.,
red.—Argentina (Rio Negro, Rio Colorado). pale red.—S. Brazil, Uruguay, to NE. Argentina.

E. meyeri Heese E.pamparuiziiCard. 1968

Bo. spherical, c. 10 cm 0 , pale green; Ri. 14-16, Bo. spherical to shortly cylindric, 7 cm h., 8-9 cm
acute; Rsp. 7-8; Csp. 1(—3?); Sp. (acc. Borg) 2-3 thick, light green, crown sunken; Ri. c. 11, 1.5 cm
cm lg., yellowish-grey at midway, reddish-brown h., acute, 2 cm br.; Ar. 15-18 mm apart, round, 4
above; FI. to 20 cm lg., 12 cm br.; Pet.all extremely mm 0 , grey-felty; Rsp.6-8, very thin, 4-20 mm lg.,
narrow-linear.—Paraguay. Possibly the first name curving sideways towards the Bo.; Csp. 1, straight,
for E. chacoana Schütz, with abnormally narrow 15-25 mm lg,; all Sp. horn-grey; FI. lateral, 14-15
Pet.; the spec.—with FI. as described—has not cm lg., 4-5 cm br.; Ov. 15 mm lg., green; Tu. very
been re-collected. slender, only 4 mm thick at midway, with dark
brown and grey H.; Sep. few, lanceolate, light
E. minuana Speg. green, recurved; Pet. spatulate, pure white; style
Bo. solitary, rarely offsetting, to 80 cm h., to 15 cm 9.5 cm lg., very light green, yellowish below,
0 ; Ri.to 12, acute; Rsp.4-7, 2-3 cm lg., somewhat whitish above; Sti. 8, light yellow, 10 mm lg.—
projecting; Csp. 1, 5-6 cm lg., thickened below; all Bolivia (Prov. Boeto, Chuquisaca, Pampa Ruiz
Sp. straight, dark brown; FI. unscented, 20 cm lg., (hence the specific name), on the road to Rio
white(?); Fr. 4.5 cm lg., greenish-red.Argentina Grande at 1400 m). A similar spec, is E. semide-
(Entre Rios). nudata Card.

E. mirabilis Speg.: Setiechinopsismirabilis(Speg.) E. paraguayensis Knebel: an undescribed name for

De Haas. the complex: E. dehrenbergii Fric, E. schwantesii
Fric and E. werdermannii Eric, which has not been
E. molestaSpeg. validly described.
Bo. solitary, spherical, to 20 cm 0 , pale green, not
glossy; Ri. 13, fairly prominent, acute, somewhat E. pelecyrhachis Backbg.: Pseudolobivia pel-
wavy; Ar. large; Rsp. 6-8, to 15 mm lg., not ecyrhachis(Backbg.) Backbg.
interlacing; Csp. 4, to 3 cm lg., thickened below,
only slightly curving; all Sp. grey; FI. faintly E.pereziensisCard.—“Cactus”, 18: 88-90,1963.
perfumed, 22-24 cm lg.—Argentina (Cordoba). Bo. to 15 cm h., 8 cm 0 , dark green; Ri.c. 12, to 1
cm h.; Sp. not differentiated, not very projecting,.
E. multiplex(Pfeiff.) Zucc. 18-20, acicular, 6-10 mm lg., light grey, brown-
Bo. solitary or freely offsetting, to 30 cm h., tipped, thickened below, individual centrals to 1.5
spherical to somewhat clavate; Ri. 13-15, broad cm lg.; FI.15cm lg., 11 cm 0 , white ;Tu.with white
below, acute above; Ar. large, white; Rsp. 5-15, and brown H.; style long-projecting.—Bolivia
mostly to 10, to 2 cm lg., yellowish-brownish; Csp. (Santa Cruz, near Perez, 1900 m).
(2—)4, to 4 cm lg.; Sp.fairly subulate; Fl. 15-20 cm
lg., pink.—S. Brazil. E.pojoensisCard.
Bo. solitary, spherical to short-cylindric, to 10 cm
E. nigra Backbg.: Pseudolobivialongispinav. nigra h. and br., bluish-green; Ri. 10, rather obtuse, 1.5
(Backbg.) Backbg. [Note by W. Haage: = Lobivia cm h.; Ar. grey; Sp. 7-10, 5— 25 mm lg., radiating,
ferox Br. & R. v. nigra Backbg.] grey, red-tipped; FI. 17 cm lg., 7 cm 0 , white,
greenish above.—Bolivia (Dept. Cochabamba,
E. obrepanda (SD.) K.Sch.:Pseudolobivia obrep- Puente Pojo).
anda (SD.) Backbg.
E. polyancistra Backbg.: Pseudolobivia polyan-
E.oreopogon (Speg.) Werd.: Soehrensiaoreopogon cistra(Backbg.) Backbg.
(Speg.) Backbg.
E. potosina (Werd.) Backbg.: Pseudolobivia pot-
E. orozasana Ritt, n.nud.: Pseudolobiviaorozasana osina(Werd.) Backbg.
(Ritt.) Backbg. (held by Ritter to be a variety of E.
mamillosa.) E.pseudomamillosaCard.
Bo. solitary, spherical or broadly so, to 8 cm h., to
E. oxygona (Lk.) Zucc. 12 cm 0 ; Ri..c. 18, somewhat obliquely notched;
Bo. subspherical, solitary or offsetting, c. 25 cm 0 , Sp. pectinate, 4 lateral ones, 2 directed upwards
152
 ECHINOPSIS

and 1 downwards, the shortest ones 5 mm lg., the lilac above, spatulate; Fr. spherical, to 5 cm 0 ,
-edium-long ones c. 12 mm lg., the longest 3-4 cm purple.—Bolivia (on the road Cochabamba—San
i . all acicular, grey, brown-tipped, thickened Isidro).
reiow; FI. 18 cm lg., 8 cm 0 , white.—Bolivia
■Dept. Cochabamba, Cerro de San Pedro). E. salmiana Web.: EchinopsisbridgesiiSD.
E.pudantiiPfersd. E. salpi(n)gophora Preinr.: Echinopsis spegaz-
Bo. elongated-spherical, eventually probably more zinianaBr.& R.
;trongly elongated; Ri. c. 16, moderately pro­
minent; Rsp. c. 14, white; Csp. 4-8, blackish- E. schwantesiiFric
orown, thin; FÌ. 17 cm lg., 9 cm 0 , white with a Bo. broadly spherical; Sp.radiating sideways, c. 9,
faint greenish sheen.—Origin? (perhaps S. Brazil). thin; Csp. similar, when present; FI. greenish-
white; Tu. brown.—Paraguay. From the complex
E. rhodotrichaK. Sch. of E. paraguayensis and, like it, not validly
Bo. becoming cylindric, offsetting (dull greyish- described.
green : Br. & R. ; probably only v. argentiniensis R.
Mey.), leaf-green, to 80 cm h., to 9 cm 0 ; Ri.8-13, E. semidenudataCard.
. , faintly sinuate ; Rsp. 4-7, somewhat curving,
- - cm lg. ; Csp. 1,to 2.5 cm lg. ; all Sp. yellowish- FI. with a very narrow Tu.; resembles E. pam-
crown at first, darker-tipped, eventually light horn- paruizii Card.—Bolivia (Tarija, Villa Montes, 600
m).
coloured; FI. 15 cm lg., white.—Paraguay and NE.
Argentina.
'• argentiniensis R. Mey. is said to be distin­ E. shaferiBr. & R.
guished as follows : Bo. solitary to somewhat offsetting, to 1.5 m h., to
Bo. more spherical; Rsp. 7, Csp. similar in 18 cm 0 , dark green; Ri. 10-12, 2 cm h.; Ar. to 1
appearance ; cm apart; Rsp. 6-9, 1.5-3.5 cm lg., straight,
'■ robusta R. Mey. is said to have larger FI.and brownish at first, later grey, thin-subulate; Csp. 1,
up to 3 Csp. to 10 cm lg., ±decurved, often dark below, lighter
above; FI. slender, 20 cm lg., white; styleand Fil.
E. ritteri Bod.: Echinopsis mamillosa Gurke (held pale green; Fr. 3 cm lg., ovoid, brick-red.—N.
■ > Ritter to be a variety of E. mamillosa). Argentina (Tucuman, Trancas). The tallest known
species of this genus, later resembling a Tri-
E.rivieredecaraltiiCard. chocereus. Young growth densely spiny.
Named for Sr. Fernando Rivière de Caralt, the
mlebrated cactophile who has developed what is E. silvatica Ritt.—“Succulenta”, 44: 2, 24. 1965
probably the world’s most complete collection of (Details in brackets refer to E. mamillosa).
Opuntias, at Blanes near Barcelona, Spain. No Bo. apparently similar to E. mamillosa, to 1 m lg.,
description is available. to 20(—15) cm 0 ; Ri. 13-16(-24), 1.5-3 cm h„
slightly notched (or more so ?); Ar. 10-15 mm
E. robinsonianaWerd. apart, 4-8 mm 0 ; Sp. straight to slightly curving;
Bo. columnar, to 1.2 m h., to 20 cm 0 , dull light Rsp. (0.5-1.2)^4.5 cm lg., stouter; Csp. like the
green to darker greyish-green; crown with Rsp., number not stated; Pet. to 6.5 cm lg., to
yeilowish-grey felt; Ri. 19, 1.5 cm h.; Sp. 10-12 2.7(— 4) cm br.—Bolivia (Prov. O’Connor, Dept.
ater sometimes several more, thin), 1-3 distin­ Tarija, Tacuarandi; FR 782). Since Ritter does not
guishable as centrals, to 2.5 cm lg., light to dark specify any differences for the FI., when compared
brown, straight to ± curving; FI. 16 cm lg.; Tu. with E. mamillosa, presumably FI.-length and 0
reddish-brown; Pet.white; Sep.sometimes reddish are the same.
-bove.—Origin?
E. silvestriiSpeg.
E rojasii Card.: Pseudolobivia rojasii (Card.) Bo. spherical at first, eventually elongated, little
Backbg. offsetting, to over 10 cm h., 8 cm 0 ; Ri. 12-14;
Rsp. and Csp. (1 erect) all fairly short, stiff, to 1.2
E. roseo-lilacina Card. cm lg., yellow at first, later dirty grey; FI.20 cm lg.,
Bo.spherical, solitary or offsetting, to 7 cm h., to 13 white, not perfumed,—Argentina (borders of Prov.
cm 0 . greyish-green ; Ri. 14-20,acute above, 8 mm Tucuman and Salta). (Fig. 96.)
Ar.grey ; Rsp.6-7 ; Csp. 1 sometimes present, to
2 cm lg.; all Sp. whitish, brown-tipped; FI. 14 cm E. smrziana Backbg.: Trichocereus smrzianus
-c .Sep. purplish-brown; Pet. white below, rose- (Backbg.) Backbg.
153
ECHINOPSIS—ECHINOREBUTIA

E. spegazzinianaBr. & R. red. May be identical, as a ± red-flowering variety,

Bo. eventually cylindric, to 30 cm h., to 9 cm 0, with Lob. arachnacantha Ritt. & Buin. (see this
dark green; Ri. 12-14, to 1.2 cm h , scarcely latter).
notched; Ar. yellowish-white; Rsp. 7-8, short,
subulate, straight, brown; Csp. 1, to c. 2 cm lg., E. tubiflora(Pfeiff.) Zucc.
moderately curving, brown; FI. 15-17 cm lg,, 6 cm Bo. solitary or offsetting, ± spherical, dark green,
0 , white, washed pink towards the margin.— to c. 12 cm 0 ; Ri. c, 12; Ar. white; Rsp. to 20,
Argentina (in the NW.). yellowish-white, dark-tipped; Csp. 3-5, to 1.5 cm
E. campylacantha R. Mey. non Pfeiff. was a lg., black; all Sp. subulate; FI.20 cm lg., white.—
synonym for this spec. Argentina (Tucuman, Catamarca, Salta).

E. spiniflora (K. Sch.) Berg.: Acanthocalycium E.turbinata(Pfeiff.) Zucc.

spiniflorum(K. Sch.) Backbg. Bo.spherical, simple or offsetting; Ri.13-14, broad
below; Rsp. later to 10-14, fewer at first, to 5 mm
E. subdenudataCard. lg., yellowish-brown; Csp. 1-2 at first, later more
Bo. solitary, to 8 cm h., to 12 cm 0, greyish-green; numerous, to 7 mm lg., stiff, black; Sp. subulate;
Ri. 10-12, straight, acute; Rsp. 3-5, ashy brown, to FI. 15-17 cm lg., strongly perfumed, white. Britton
1.5 cm lg., thickened below; Csp. 1, ashy brown, 2 and Rose regard E. gemmata as synonymous with
mm lg.; FI. narrow-funnelform, to 20 cm lg., this spec., but this seems somewhat dubious.—
white.—Bolivia (Angosto de Villamontes). Argentina (Entre Rios).

E. sucrensis Card.—C. & S. J. (US), XXXV: 6, E. valida Monv.: Trichocereus validus (Monv.)
200-201, 1963. Backbg.
Bo. spherical to short-cylindric, forming groups;
St. to 7 cm 0, greyish-green; Ri. c. 12, narrow E.vellegradensisCard.
above; Ar.to 1cm apart, grey; Rsp. 14-16, laterally Bo. solitary, spherical, 5-7 cm h., 8-9 cm 0 , pale
appressed, acicular, 8-15 mm lg.; Csp. 1, pointing green; Ri.c, 12, straight, obtuse, 1 cm h.; Ar. grey
downwards, subulate, 15-20 mm lg.; Sp. all light or brownish; Rsp. 7-11, 8-15 mm lg., somewhat
grey, thickened below; FI.21 cm lg., 10 cm 0 ; Tu. compressed, greyish-white; Csp. 1, directed up­
with white and brown H., light purple, 10 cm lg.; wards, 2-3 cm lg., ashen; FI. borne high on the
Sep. narrow, white below, green above; Pet. flank, 20 cm lg., white.—Bolivia (Prov. Valle
spatulate, snow-white; Fil. green below, white Grande). The name is presumably the result of a
above; stylegreen below, yellow above; Sti.light typographical error, and should correctly be E.
yellow; throat emerald.—Bolivia (Prov. Oropeza, vallegrandensis.
Dept. Chuquisaca, Sucre, 2750 m).
E. werdermanii Fric ex Fleischer: (Friciana Rada
E. tamboensis Ritt. (Bolivia): not described. 1:7, 4. 1962): (E. backebergii Fric, nomen nudum
1926)
E. tapecuana Ritt.—“Succulenta”, 44: 2, 24. 1965. This spec, has now been described and closely
(Data in brackets refer to E. obrepanda.) resembles E. subdenudata Card.: the Ri.-count is
Bo. 5-12 cm 0 (-18 cm); Ri. 12-16( 28), less + identical, as are also the extremely short Sp.and
notched than in E. obrepanda; Ar. round or the acute Ri.; Sp. blackish, 3-8 (3-5 in E.
broadly oval, 2-4 mm 0, 1-2 cm apart; Sp. thin- subdenudata); FI. of similar length but light pink
subulate; Rsp. 0.5 2(— 6) cm lg., often shorter or (white in E. subdenudata).—Paraguay. The Tu. of
missing in age; FI.apparently resembles that of E. E. werdermannii appears to be somewhat stouter.
obrepanda.—Bolivia (Prov. O’Connor, Tapecua; In view of the general characters and the geo­
FR 777). graphical distribution, this spec, is probably only
Since I have referred E. obrepanda to Pseudo- a variety of E. subdenudata. More conspicuous
lobivia, and in view of the notched Ar. and of his colour-differences are found in the flowers of
comparison with the latter spec., Ritter’s spec, is Gymnocalycium mihanovichii, for instance, and
probably better referred to Pseudolobivia if my others also.
separation of the genus is accepted.
E. zuccarinii (zuccariniana) Pfeiff.: Echinopsis
E. torrecillasensis Card.: Pseudolobivia tor- tubiflora(Pfeiff.)Zucc.
recillasensis (Card.) Backbg. Described by Car­
denas as having a flattened-spherical Bo. and a Echinorebutia Fric was an undescribed name for
thick taproot, with a FI. to 8‘cm lg., red to salmon- AylosteraSpeg.
154
 EN CEPH A LO C A RPU S-EPIPH Y LLO PSIS

Encephalocarpus Berg. (221) shoots” shown in “Die Cact.” (Fig. 657) is actually
E. candidus from a sunnier locality, with cor­
Small spherical plants with flat imbricate tubercles respondingly shorter stems, since its berries are
bearing a furrow on the upperside; axils very completely spherical. The three species must
•coolly. Small spines are found only on the therefore be segregated here. The seeds, as far as is
youngest areoles and are + pectinate. The flowers known, are glossy dark brown.—Distribution:
^nse from the very youngest tubercles in the crown, Brazil (along the borders of the states: Rio de
.ind have a short, narrow tube. The fruit ripens Janeiro, Minas Geraes and Sao Paulo). [(G).]
within the apical wool and there dries up; seeds c. 1
mm long, dark grey, + bent-clavate. 1 species E. candidus(Lofgr.) Br. & R.
anly.—Distribution: Mexico (Tamaulipas). [(G).] Bo. shrubby, pendant; St. + longer-cylindric, also
± clavate to slightly angular, younger ones
E.strobiliformis(Werd.) Berg. (T.) somewhat more slender, 0.7-2 cm 0 , 3-5-6 cm lg.;
Bo. spherical, with a compressed taproot; crown Sp. 6-30, sharp, bristly, more numerous on the St.
c;:h grey felt; Tub. in distinctly oblique R., from older and larger Ar.; FI.3.5 cm lg., white; Fr.
oppressed, convex and keeled outside; Ar. persist spherical, smooth, red.—Brazil (Itatiaya Mts.)
only on younger Tub.; Sp.present on the Tub. only
m newer growth, c. 12, c. 5 mm lg., white, feathery E. obovatus(Eng.) Br. & R.
it first, then bristly, they and the Ar. dropping; FI. Bo. shrubby, pendant; St.segmented or subterete,
to 3 cm lg., brilliant violet-red.—Mexico (Nuevo to 40 cm lg.; branches 2-6 cm lg., to 3 cm 0 ,
Eeon. Doctor Arroyo. Amended by W. Haage). terminal Seg., in 2’s, 3’s or 4’s, flat, obovate, dwarf-
•Fig. 98.) “opuntioid”, dark green; Ar. laterally and on the
Seg., with white felt; Sp.very fine, to 5 mm lg., to 30
Eomatucana Ritt. on old Seg.; FI. c. 4.5 cm lg., scarlet; Fr. top­
A new genus erected by Ritter for plants with shaped, to c. 8 mm lg., to 1.2 cm 0 , glossy
^ctinomorphic flowers and some hairiness of the reddish.—Brazil (various mountains between Rio
' ary. It remains to be seen whether the only de Janeiro, Minas Geraes and Sao Paulo).
soecies—Eomatucana oreodoxa Ritt.—should be
:e:erred to Submatucana. Actinomorphic flower- E. obtusangulus(Lindb.) Berg. (T.)
: ?rms also sometimes occur in Matucana (C. Bo. shrubby, epiphytic or semi-epiphytic, between
Bickeberg). rocks, in part erect; branchesmostly dividing in 2’s
or 3’s, Seg. ± spherical to somewhat elongated and
Epiphyllanthus Berg. (27) + angular, sometimes almost disc-shaped, to 2.5
cm lg. (possibly somewhat more in the case of
Agroup of species differing in habit from all other elongated shoots), to 6 mm 0 ; Ar. scaly; Sp.
Brazilian small-stemmed epiphytes: the branches bristly, scarcely sharp, to 6 mm lg.; FI.4^1.5 cm lg.,
-re subspherical to cylindric or dwarf- ± purplish-pink; Ov. top-shaped, 5-6-angled; Fr.
'opuntioidjj the apical flowers are c. 4 cm long, ± pear-shaped, obtusely angled, 7 mm 0 . —Brazil
ery zygomorphic, the outer or lower petals are (Itatiaya Mts.). (Fig. 99.)
more strongly directed upwards, or extend higher,
man in Zygocactus; in the latter, “some of the
-'.amens are united into a short tube around the Epiphyllopsis Berg. (29)
rase of the style” (K. Schumann), but in Epi-
rhyllanthus they are only situated on the margin* Plants resembling Zygocactus, but the individual
Vaupel, Drawing 24E, “Die Kakteen” 1926). A segments are longer, with shallow notches, the
rectar-protecting annular membrane is present, small marginal areoles with occasional bristles, and
-•pinions differ as to the delimitation of species the apical flowering areoles + bearded to virtually
with regard to E. candidus and E. obovatus; the glabrous. The flowers are regular in structure, up to
rrrner is regarded by some authors as an ecotype 6 appearing at one time, the tube is short and the
:f the latter from shady localities. However the filaments are in one group. The ovary is 5-angled,
mit of E. candidus was described as “spherical”, the stigma-lobes spreading, and the fruit a berry
-nd that of E. obtusangulus as "more or less pear- with 5 acute angles, c. 1.5 cm long. The seeds taper
• raped, obtusely angled, broadly umbilicate”. One to both ends, scarcely exceed 1 mm long, and are
ran thus assume that both are valid species and that very glossy, brown and smooth. 1 species only.—
the “E. obtusangulus with shorter cylindric Distribution: Brazil (Santa Catharina). [(R).] Very
free-flowering, especially if given a suitable cactus-
• P erh ap s a m isp rin t fo r "w an d sta n d ig ” = situ ated on fertiliser and—if at all possible—kept in the open
~e wall. T ra n s la to r’s note. air during the summer. Lindinger (1942) and Reid
155
E PIPH Y L LO PSIS-EPIPH Y LL U M

Moran (1953) referred the genus to Rhipsalidopsis. smaller; or ± shorter, with a larger perianth. The
At first sight this is quite understandable since fruits can be subspherical, oblong, scaly or even
Berger (Entwcklgsl., 28-29, 1926) states that angular. In 2 species the shoots have serrate lobes,
seedlings have 6-angled stemlets with white bristles, the projecting teeth being fairly long. “Epiphyllum
these becoming 3-4-angled, and only eventually grandilobum (Web.) Br. & R.” (on which no
becoming flat. This penomenon is common, reliable floral data are available) may in fact be a
however, to many epiphytes of the Hylocereeae. species of Marniera with a bristly hairy ovary, since
Rhipsalidopsis Br. and R., however, is a dimorphic the lobes are here extremely long, rather resembling
plant, its var. remanens always appearing many­ Marniera chrysocardium (Alex.) Backbg. Epi­
angled and bristly, while the type-species is only phyllum crenatum (Lindl.) G. Don has often been
occasionally so. In addition Epiphyllopsis has a used for hybridising on account of its large and
minute nectary, with the filaments inserted above it scented blossoms; it is usually said to be diurnal,
within the interior of the tube; in Rhipsalidopsis, but in my view no-one has satisfactorily established
on the other hand, they crowd round the base of whether in fact it has not opened during the first
style, no nectary is present, and the ovary and the night, like the hybrid Seleniphyllum cooperi Rowl.,
slightly compressed fruit are 4-angled; in Epi­ whose flowers sometimes stay open for 2 days.
phyllopsis the ovary is 5-angled. The separation of Spines are virtually always absent although they
the genera attempted by Britton & Rose and Berger can be observed on seedlings. The flesh of the red
has been of greater service in showing the fruit is white or red, the seeds are glossy black.™
differential diagnostic characters more accurately Distribution: From Mexico to S. America (nor­
than could have been achieved by any com­ thern coastal zones; S. Ecuador near the coast, to
bination ; the former procedure is better adapted to Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay [Chaco], Brazil) ; in the W.
the special conditions of this complex of genera, Indies, only on Trinidad and Tobago. [(R.]
while within my classification no combination is
possible; I regard it moreover as far from essential E. anguliger (Lem.) G. Don
to change old-established names only in restricted Bo. bushy, St. terete, branches flattened; shoots
areas. My reasons for this have been stated fairly fleshy, deeply dentate; Ar. sometimes with
repeatedly in the present work. 1-2 Br. ; FI.over 8cm lg., white ; Tu.with triangular-
lanceolate Sc.; Sep. yellowish flesh-coloured; Pet.
E. gaertneri (Reg.) Berg. (T.) c. 5 cm lg. ; Fr. to 4 cm 0 —Mexico (Nayarit,
Bo. branching freely to form hanging bushes, the Jalisco).
St. later becoming hard; branches eventually
becoming woody at the base, thick, subterete to + E. cartagense(Web.) Br. & R.
angular, the Seg. flat, mostly ± reddish at first, Bo. shrubby, to 3 m lg. ; branches4—5 cm br., often
with shallow notches along the margins; Br. weakly incised ; FI. c. 20 cm lg., little fleshy, white;
replace Sp., occasionally present along the mar­ Sep.pink to yellowish ; stylepink to white ; Fr.8cm
gins, beard-like at the apex; FI. c. 4 cm lg., lg., oblong, red outside, white inside ; Ov.with very
scarlet.—Brazil (Santa Catharina). (Fig. 100.) small Sc.™Costa Rica (Cartago).
v. serrata (Lindgr.) Backbg.: shoot-tip some­
what more rounded, ± beardless, the epi­ E. caudatum Br. & R.
dermis darker green; Bo. bushy, St. terete, thin; branches to 4 cm br.,
v. tiburtii Backbg. & Voll: somewhat smaller in long-lanceolate, terete below, to 20 cm lg., margin
overall habit, shoot-length and flower-size; FI. wavy, terminal shoots tapering above; FI. white;
crimson to darker; Ov. 5-winged.—Brazil Tu. 7cm lg. ; Pet.c. 6 cm lg.—Mexico (Oaxaca).
(Parana).
E. caulorhizum(Lem.) G. Don
Bo. bushy; branches lanceolate, brownish-green,
Epiphyllum Haw. (35) notched; Ar. with a few Br.; FI. to 25 cm lg.; Tu.
angular, with projecting Sc. thickened below; Sep.
Bushy, vigorous-growing epiphytes with stem- yellow; Pet. white, tips light yellow.—Honduras
segments which are slender, long and rather thin, (?)
hence the names of “leaf-cactus” and “Phyllo-
cactus”. However, Haworth’s first name is the valid E. costaricense(Web.) Br. & R.
one. Zygocactus, Schlumbergera and Epi- Bo. robust, bushy; branches to 30 cm lg., to 7 cm
phyllanthus were also later known for a time as br., margins + straight; Ov. not scaly; FI. ?; Fr.9
Epiphyllum. The true Epiphyllum species have cm lg., to 7 cm 0, with a tough red naked skin and
nocturnal glabrous flowers, with the tube either weak longitudinal Ri., Sc. absent.—Costa Rica
very thin and very long, when the perianth is (San José; La Urnia).
156
 EPIPHYLLUM

E.crenatum(Lindl.) G. Don Description acc. Br. & R., amended from that of
Bo. bushy, old St.woody, terete; branches bluish- Weber:
green, rather stiff, to 3 cm br., erect at first, with Branches light green, very large, to 25 cm br., the
thick Ri., rounded between the areolar notches; margin deeply lobed, with a thick M.-nerve, the
Ar. with Br. and H.; FI. to 12 cm 0 , cream to apex obtuse or rounded, the lobe-projections
greenish-yellowish, strongly perfumed; Tu. to 12 rounded, 3-5 cm lg.; FI.said to be very large, white,
cm lg., thin, with linear Sc. to 3 cm lg.; Ov. with Sc. nocturnal; Fr.red outside. (Weber gives no details
:: 2 cm lg.; style white.—Honduras, Guatemala as to the size of the lobes, saying merely that they
:Sacobaja). are rounded (cf. Schumann’s details in his Key),
The Br. occasionally observed on the Ov. must be and that the Fr. is red inside; he questioned
regarded as a reversion to earlier stages of whether it was also red outside).
reduction. Kimnach (C. & S. J. (US), XXXVII: 1, 15-20.
1965) discusses a plant he held to be E. grandi­
E.crenatumv. kimnachiiH. Bravo lobum and with which he also assumed E. gigas to
Bo.bushy; St.to 50 cm lg., 7-15 cm br., tapering to be identical. The most significant characters as
-.bbed below, rather obtuse above, with + flat follows:
notches, green, sometimes at first + reddish; Sp.to Bo. clambering, to over 100 m lg., at first 3-5 cm
1 c. 7-12 mm lg., more numerous in the lower part br., later widening to 15-25 cm, terete below, with a
:: the shoot; FI. (16— )22— 29 cm lg., 14-20 cm stout M.-Ri.; branches ± notched, the intervening
external 0 , 10-12 cm inner 0 ; Tu. curving, to 18 margin + projecting, rounded, often slightly
:n lg., Sc. to 1cm lg., with plentiful yellowish wool oblique or wavy, 1.5-5 cm lg. and c. (4—)6(— 9) cm
md 6(— 20) Br., these fairly stiff, 6-12 mm lg.; Sep. br. between the Ar., margin brown; FI. tubular-
brownish-yellow; Pet. yellowish-cream; Ov. ± funnelform, 32-38 cm lg., 18 cm br.; Tu. 22-27 cm
-berculate, with ± stiff Br. (acc. illustration); Fil. lg.; Pet.(inner Per.-segments) creamy-white, with a
>sllowish, greenish below; Fr.spherical to oblong, hair-like tip; Sep. (outer Per.-segments) greenish-
7 cm lg., with up to 10 stiff bristly Sp., pulp yellow; nectary 13 cm lg., finely papillose in the
~hite; S. to 2 mm lg., glossy black.—Mexico upper half; Sc. few, c. 2 cm lg., projecting (acc.
I«Oaxaca, Chiapas; several localities known). drawing); Ov. without Br., with few and shorter
Quite unrelated to E. crenatum, which occurs Sc.—Costa Rica (several stations) and Panama
further S., and has glabrous FI. In “Gesamtbes- (Cerro Trinidad). The largest known Epiphyllum
—rbg.”, p. 203, K. Schumann said of this complex: and FI. Material collected by Werckle was regarded
“Ov. never with tufts of wool, bristles or spines”. If as the lectotype: the margin between the Ar.
-he plant is regarded as a variety of any spec., then projected + strongly or had a large, variously
it must be Marniera macroptera, so that it must be prominent margin. The indentations shown in the
-:ed here as Marnieramacropterav. kimnachii(H. drawing vary even more strongly; these are weak at
Bravo) Backbg. n.comb. (basionym as above). first in the case of Californian cultivated material.
Since Britton & Rose, differentiation of floral In the light of this and the fact that Britton & Rose
rdumentum has not been regarded as having illustrated a similar plant as E. macropterum
major significance. The important factor is that (although the Fig. does not represent this spec,
Marniera now claims 2 species and 1 variety, all since the Ov. lacks Br.), and that the true spec, also
raving bristly Sp. on FI., Ov. or Fr. (acc. originates in Costa Rica, one may well ask if the
Backeberg). Paris herbarium-material was not in fact Marniera
macroptera, which also has homy and brownish
E. darrahii(K. Sch.) Br. & R. stem-margins. Weber’s description is insufficient,
lacking details of the floral characters. There
Bo. freely branching, St.terete, woody; branchesto appears to have been confusion about the dried
30 cm lg., rather thick, to 5 cm br., serrate-incised, material in Weber’s time, since K. Schumann’s Key
Tie teeth rounded or pointed; FI. 18 cm lg., gives the following data for Phyllocactus gran-
a hite; Sep. yellow; Pet. somewhat yellowish dilobus: “St. extremely long and broad, divided
above; Tu. 11 cm lg.; Ov. somewhat angular, into long linear (!) lobes”. Kimnach had clearly
mberculate, with subulate Sc. 3 mm lg.; style overlooked this information. Schumann cannot
•vhite.—Mexico.
have obtained it for himself, but must have received
it from Weber. The question is, in my view,
E. gigasWoods. & Schery insufficiently clarified, and may in fact never be
Spec, with an enormous FL— Panama (Cerro satisfactorily settled. If Weber’s description refers
Trinidad). See also under the following spec. to material of M. macroptera, his name becomes a
synonym of this species, and the correct name for
E. grandilobum(Web.) Br. & R. Kimnach’s species would be E. gigas; the data in
157
EPIPHYLLUM

Schumann’s Key can only refer to the earliest teeth rounded; FI. 5-6 cm 0 , to 30 cm lg., white;
known material of Marniera chrysocardium since Tu. thin, very long; Per. relatively small, ±
at that time no other species was known to which greenish outside; Pet. to 2.5 cm lg., narrow; style
these characters were applicable. Further in­ reddish; Fr. oblong, 7-9 cm lg., faintly 8-ribbed,
vestigations seem to be necessary. light red.—Panama to Guayana, Peru, Bolivia,
Brazil, Paraguay.
E.guatemalenseBr.& R. v. boliviense (Web.) Backbg.: FI. only 3 cm 0 ,
Bo. bushy, rather lg.; branches 1 m lg. and more, laxly rotate, stylevivid red;
green, 4-8 cm br., ± terete below, the margin v. columbiense(Web.) Backbg.: Tu.only 6 cm lg.,
extensively notched, the apex somewhat rounded; stylered;
FI.c. 28cmlg., white; Tu.c. 15cmlg., hairy inside; v. paraguayense(Web.) Backbg.: stylepale red to
Pet.narrow, to 9 cm lg.; styleorange; Fr.wine-red, + white; Fr.carmine.
8 cm lg., slender, angular.—Guatemala. The type of the spec, came from Brazil. I showed
Voll’s photo of the unusually long flower with its
E. hookeri(Lk. & O.) Haw. small limb in “Die Cact.”, II: Fig. 678. The FI. of v.
Bo. forming a fairly large bush, mostly to 3 m lg., columbiense is similar but much shorter. In both,
sometimes to 7 m; brancheslight green, c. 9 cm br., the Tu. has “minute Sc.” (Br. & R.). Of Weber’s
with ladder-like incisions at the margin, tapering to other names, the plant with a FI. only 3 cm 0 must
the base; Ri. not very br.; FI. to 20 cm lg., white, undoubtedly be referred to v. boliviense; v.
unscented; Tu. to 13 cm lg.; Pet.narrow, 5 cm lg.; paraguayense is insufficiently clarified. Kimnach
stylecarmine; Fr.oblong, red, somewhat scaly; S. gave an excellent paper (C. & S. J. (US), XXXVI: 4,
numerous, glossy black.—Northern S. America 105-115, 1964) on the above varieties and as­
(Guayana, Venezuela), Trinidad and Tobago. (Fig. sociated species. From Kimnach’s Table I, the
101.) plant with a Pet.-length of 1.5-3 cm must be
attributed to this spec, since it has the typical small
E. lepidocarpum(Web.) Br. & R. flower with “minute scales”. The plants Kimnach
Bo.shrubby, old St.cylindric; branchesto 3 cm br., includes, although with varietal status—E.
not very stiff, in part 3-winged below, the margin guatemalense, hookeri and pittieri, with Pet. to
with ladder-like notches; Ar. with some felt and 5-7-11 cm lg.—are better segregated for the sake of
small Br.; FI. 20 cm lg., white; Fr. with con­ clarity, likewise the spec, which Br. & R. separated:
spicuous, ± projecting Sc.; pulp white or red.— E. stenopetalum and strictum (acc. Br. & R.’s Key).
Costa Rica (near Cartago). All these species come from Central America. They
are without any doubt quite closely related, and E.
E.macrocarpum (Web.) Backbg. pumilum could also be added. The flower illus­
Bo.forming a large shrub; FI. very large, white; Fr. trated by Kimnach which he regarded as being that
to 15 cm(?) lg., 5 cm 0 , carmine-pink, with of v. phyllanthus, from a plant collected by Horich
numerous low irregular Ri.; pulp white.—Costa in Ecuador, is distinct from that of the type in
Rica (Piedras Negras). having more numerous and clearly projecting
scales; it appears to be transitional to:
E. macropterum (Lem.) Br. & R.: Marniera v. rubrocoronatum Kimn. 1. c.: Bo. with stiff St.;
macroptera(Lem.) Backbg. branchesterete to 3-angled below, then flattened
and to 9 cm br.; FI.to 29 cm lg., to 11 cm br.; Fil.
E. oxypetalum(DC.) Haw. (a principal diagnostic character in additition to
Bo. freely branching; branches fairly long, to 3 m, that of FI.-size) yellowish-orange below, purple-
to 12 cm br., flat and thin, long-tapering, deeply reddish above.—Panama, W. Colombia, Ecua­
notched, matt green ;F1. 25-30 cm lg., to 12 cm 0 ; dor. If the species are separated, this variety must
Sep. reddish-yellowish, to 10 cm lg.; Pet. white, be given specific status.
oblong; perfume disagreeable.—Mexico to Guat­
emala, Venezuela to Brazil, E. pittieri(Web.) Br. & R.
v. purpusii (Wgt.) Backbg.: distinguished by its Bo. freely branching, to 3 m lg., St. terete below;
smooth epidermis; Sep. purple to carmine; branches thin, flat, mostly to 5 cm br., margin
perfume agreeable.—Mexico (Orizaba). extensively incised, + ladder-like; FI.rather small,
white to greenish-white, with some red Sc.; Sep.
E. phyllanthus(L.) Haw. (T.) yellowish-green; Pet. shorter than the Sep.; style
Bo. forming long and large shrubs, main St. white above, red below; Fr.dark red.—Costa Rica.
slender, terete, sometimes 3 4-angled; branches
mostly flat and thin, light green, sometimes E. pumilum Br. & R.
bordered purple, to 7 cm br., extensively notched, Bo. shrubby, to 5 m lg., main St. terete, often
158
 EPIPHYLLUM-EPITHELANTHA

pendant; branches to 1.5 m lg., uniformly flat, or E. sp. ‘Chichicastenango’: shootsalso ± subterete
only above, terete below, with terminal shoots at first, then with one side of the shoot often
rarely 3-winged, the flat shoots mostly only to 60 missing, the other fairly broad, with irregular, deep
cm lg., 8.5 cm br.; FI.small, white; Tu.to only 6 cm and rounded lobes, often continuing over to the
lg., greenish-white to reddish; Sep. similarly other side; FI. large, creamy-white; Sep. yellow;
coloured; Pet.4 cm lg., lanceolate; styleto 7 cm lg., Tu.and long Sc. green.
thin, white; Fr.glossy cherry-red, 5-7-angled, with A plant of remarkable habit. It is also regarded as a
several small Sc.; pulp white; S. very small, hybrid of E. crenatum. No further data available.
black.—Guatemala (in the lowlands).
E. sp. ‘Kinchinjunga’: shoots lacking deeper
E.ruestii(Wgt.) Backbg. notches; FI. c. 12 cm lg., 8 cm 0 ; buds and Sep.
Bo. erect-shrubby, St. round, above that ir­ brownish-red; Pet. broad below, long-tapering
regularly 1-3-angled; branches dark green, rising above, yellowish-cream; Tu. green, with reddish
irom the St., lanceolate, notched; Ar. with 1 Br.- Sc. 1.5 cm lg. A plant apparently never described,
Sp.: FI.long-funnelform, 25-30 cm lg., white; Tu. bearing magnificent FI. with dark, stellately
hin, long, yellow, somewhat angular, with small projecting Sep.
Sc.: Sep. yellow, narrow-lanceolate; Fil. yellow;
stylewhite, with 10 yellow Sti.— Honduras.
Epithelantha (Web.) Br. & R. (212)
E. stenopetalum(Forst.) Br. & R. Broadly spherical to spherical or elongated plants,
Bo.forming a broad bush; shootslight green, large, sometimes forming groups of small heads, the
?road, firm, + wavy, the margin fairly deeply taproot sometimes with a neck-like constriction
notched, lobes rounded; FI.c. 25 cm lg., agreeably above, their small tubercles giving a resemblance to
scented, white; Tu. to 15 cm lg., with small Mammillaria, and therefore for a long time held to
spreading pink Sc.; Sep. pink to reddish-green; be species of the latter genus. However the flowers
Pet. to 8 cm lg., only 4-7 mm br.; style pink or do not arise in a coronet from the axils, but from
purple.—Mexico (Oaxaca). the newest areoles in the crown; but the fruits
resemble those of Mammillaria. The spination,
E. strictum (Lem.) Br. & R. according to species or variety, is appressed or
Bo. laxly shrubby, ± erect, to 3 m h.; shoots and somewhat projecting, sometimes with stouter
M.-Seg. subterete below, sometimes also rather central spines, the apical indumentum varying
higher and then expanding above, or broadly from weakly to strongly woolly.—Distribution:
nnear, stiff, the stout M.-nerve with visible From the USA (W. Texas) to N. Mexico. [(G): if
: ranching, the margin incised, like well-spaced grown on their own roots, they should (acc.
rungs on a ladder; FI.to 25 cm lg., white; Tu.to 15 Marshall) be given 20 % lime in the compost.]
cm lg., thin, green, with distant Sc.; Sep.pink; Pet.
narrow, to 8 cm lg.; stylepink or red; Fr.spherical, E. bokei Benson
to 5 cm 0 . —S. Mexico to Panama. Bo. simple or with a few offsets, 2.5-5 cm lg. and
0 ; Tub. 1.5 mm lg. and br.; Ar. 1 mm 0 , 2 mm
apart; Sp.very dense, concealing the Bo., c. 35-38,
E. thomasianura (K. Sch.) Br. & R. white; FI. 10-12 mm 0 and lg.; Sep. pink,
Bo. bushy, ascending, to 3 m h.; shoots terete bordered lighter; Pet. to 9 mm lg. and 3 mm br.;
below, widening above, the flattened sections to 40 stylewith 3 Sti., yellowish; Fr. red, with only few S.
cm lg., to 8 cm br., vivid green, with small notches, 0.7 mm lg., black.—Mexico (Chihuahua), USA
ith a M.-nerve; Ar. minute; FI. to 30 cm lg., (Texas, Rio Grande in the Big Bend region and W.
bellshaped to funnelform, pure white, at most with Brewster County, on mountain-ridges and rocks at
a yellowish tinge; outer Sep. red, inner ones 750-1200 m). Named for Norman H. Boke.
; ellowish with a reddish M.-stripe; Pet. to 2.5 cm
br.: Fil.yellowish; stylewhite, with 14 yellow Sti.— E. densispina H. Bravo: Epithelanthamicromerisv.
Origin ? densispina(H. Bravo) Backbg.
0% . ± cylindric, glabrous, Tu. extensively set with
red Sc.; for this reason the identification with E. E. micromeris(Eng.) Web. (T.)
macropterum (Marniera) which prevailed for some Bo. spherical, mostly simple, sometimes offsetting;
::me was erroneous because Marniera has a bristly R. more fibrous; crown + depressed, sometimes
CH. This demonstrates the importance of observing very woolly; St.1.5-4 cm 0 ; Tub.very small, 1mm
the stages of reduction in the indumentum which lg.; Sp. numerous, white, to c. 2 mm lg., the upper
ire often ignored by some authors. ones in the newest Ar. to 4 times as long, later
159
EPITHELANTHA—ERDISIA

breaking and equal to the others, centrals not underground rhizome. The flower is always fun-
clearly distinguishable; FI.whitish to pinkish-red, nelform. The ovary, and the relatively short tube,
to 6 mm 0 ; Fr. an oblong red berry.-—USA (W. which continues above it without any visible
Texas) to N. Mexico. (Fig. 102). constriction, are set with dense and fairly long
v. densispina (H. Bravo) Backbg.: Sp. rather spines; the fairly large, + green, rather thin-
longer, more densely interlacing and spreading, skinned fruit is similarly spiny. In some species
to 1 cm lg. in the crown, yellowish below.— there is a tendency—as in Wilcoxia albiflora—to
Mexico (Coahuila); form the flower from the apex without any
v. greggii(Eng.) Borg: robuster; Tub. 2 mm lg.; differentiation, but this is not constant throughout
upper Rsp.to 8 mm lg.; Csp. 5-7, stouter, mostly those species.—Distribution: Southern Peru to
pointing obliquely downwards, + equal in Chile. [(R).]
length to the Rsp.—Mexico (Coahuila);
v. rufispina (H. Bravo) Backbg.: (upper) Sp. E. apiciflora(Vpl.) Werd.
brownish to reddish-brown.—Mexico (Coah­ Bo. prostrate or ascending; St.to 50 cm lg., to 2.5
uila) ; cm 0 ; Ri.low and narrow, c. 8; Rsp.c. 10, to 1 cm
v. unguispina(Bod.) Backbg.: the projecting Sp. lg., thin; Csp. 1, acicular, to 2 cm lg.; Sp. all fairly
longer, fairly stout, curving or erect, brownish to light-coloured; FI.4 cm lg:, scarlet, sometimes from
blackish.—Mexico (Nuevo Leon). the St.-tip.—Peru (Prov. Huari).

E.pachyrhiza(Marsh.) Backbg. E. aureispinaBackbg. & Jacobs.

Bo. elongated, cylindric or with a taproot, some­ Bo. slender-columnar, semi-prostrate, to l(-2) m
times with a constriction above, the base of the lg., to 3 cm 0 ; Ri.6-9, narrow, low; Ar.dark; Rsp.
plant slender, often appearing stalk-like; Sp.white, (lower Sp.) 6-10, thin, some directed upwards,
fairly long in the crown and forming an erect some downwards, the lowest ones very fine, to 1cm
cluster.—Mexico (Coahuila). lg.; Csp. (upper Sp.) 8(—10), spreading in all
v. elongata Backbg.: Bo. cylindric, never con­ directions, c. 6 more stellately or sometimes almost
stricted above the stouter R., but elongated vertically upwards, blackish-brown below, golden-
below.—Mexico (Coahuila). yellow at the tip; FI.2.5^4 cm lg., to 5 cm 0 , light
There are also plants ± forming cushions (? v. red; Fr.to 2 cm 0 . —Peru (Ollantaitambo).
neomexicana—only a name) as well as a cylindric
form with cranial wool, with many cylindric offsets E. erectaBackbg.
towards the base, sometimes ± yellowish. Bo. slender-columnar, erect, to 1 m h.; St.
ascending from below, little branching, to c. 3 cm
E. polycephalaBackbg. 0 ; Ri.5-6, narrow, not prominent; Sp.c. 10(18),
Bo.branching to form several heads; St.small, lax, unequal, spreading in all directions, light with a
subspherical; Sp. spreading, ± projecting and dark base, some short, sometimes 1-2 projecting
interlacing, mostly greyish-white, usually brownish and directed upwards and downwards, thickened
to rust-coloured near the apex.—Mexico (Coah­ below; FI. scarlet-carmine or flame; Fr. c. 2 cm
uila, Ramos Arispe). 0 . —S. Peru (Urcos).

E. rufispina H. Bravo: Epithelantha micromeris v. E. fortalezensisRitt.—“Taxon”, XIII: 3,116.1964.

rufispina(H. Bravo) Backbg. Bo. semi-prostrate, little branching, to 1 m lg.,
green; St.2.5-4 cm 0 ; Ri.10, to 7 mm h., notched;
E. spinosior Schmoll: Epithelantha micromeris v. Ar. 6-10 mm apart, black; lower Sp. black, upper
unguispina(Bod.) Backbg. ones white; Rsp. 10-15, 4—15 mm lg., very thin,
appressed; Csp. 6-10, 7-30 mm lg., thin; FI.borne
x Epixochia Rowl.: a hybrid genus: Epiphyllum x on the flanks, 3.5 cm lg., brownish-yellow; Tu.
Nopalxochia. spiny; Ov. with black Ar. and brown Sp.; Pet.
rather obtuse above, spatulate; Fil. yellow, in 2
series; style and 15 Sti. white; Fr. 2.5 cm lg.,
Erdisia Br. & R. (54) spherical, green, spiny; S. 2 mm lg., with a white
hilum.—Peru (Dept. Ancash, Valle Fortaleza, c.
Cerei with slender stems, erect or + prostrate, the 3500 m) (FR 1058).
spination fairly long, sometimes denser and finer or
even quite robust. The tallest species grows only c. 2 I E. gracilis (FR 1299): description not available.
m tall. Two of the southerly Pacific species show a
remarkable form of reproduction, by ascending, + E. maxima Backbg.
clavate to cylindric shoots arising from a branching Bo. shrubby, erect to inclined, forming larger
160
 ERDISIA—ERIOCACTUS

colonies; St. to 2 m lg., fresh green; Ri. c. 6, Bo. clavate, arising from a branching rhizome; St.
rounded, rather low; Ar. white at first, then to 20 cm lg., bluish-green, to 4.5 cm 0 ; Ri.8, 5-10
brownish;Rsp.c. 10, to 2cmlg., unequal;Csp. l,to mm h., obtuse, shallowly indented; Rsp. mostly
3 cm lg., variously directed, sometimes also 2 2-5, subulate, straight, spreading; Csp. 1, to 2.5 cm
longer ones; Sp. hyaline at first, becoming yel­ lg., blackish below, brown above; FI.4 cm 0 , pale
lowish, sharp; FI.to 5 cm lg. and br., orange-red.— purplish-red, yellowish below; Fr. ellipsoidal to
Peru (Mariscal Caceres and its vicinity). clavate, to 5 cm lg., 2.5-3 cm 0 , yellowish.—Chile
(Aranas).
E. melaleuca (FR 687): description not available. Ritter held the spec, to be an Austrocactus and
referred it thereto. Flowever the original illus­
E.meyeniiBr. & R. tration shows the same habit as E. meyenii, with an
Bo. erect, + clavate, arising from a branching underground rhizome and the fruit and the branch­
rhizome, also cylindric; St. mostly ± strongly ing habit are much closer to Erdisia. Ritter
:apering below, to 20 cm lg. (to 50 cm sometimes in provides no further details to support the suggested
cultivation), 3-5 cm 0 ; Ri.5-8, 1cm h. and more; “similarity of the flower to Austrocactus” ; in any
Rsp. 9-11, unequal, usually one which is longer; event this should not, by itself, be decisive (see also
Csp. l(-2), longest, to 6 cm lg.; all Sp.brownish to Austrocactus).
blackish, or lighter with a dark tip, sometimes
thickened below; FI.c. 4 cm lg., orange-yellow to E. squarrosa(Vpl.)Br. & R. (T.)
orange-red; Fr. c. 2 cm 0 , reddish(-green?).—S. Bo. with a stout taproot, squarrosely branching,
Peru (Arequipa) to N. Chile (Tacna). prostrate to ascending; St. to 25 cm lg., 2-2.5 cm
0 , green, often reddish; Ri. 7-8, 8 mm h., obtuse,
E.philippii(Reg. & Schm.) Br. & R. notched; Rsp. 9(-10) (or if 11, the 2 shortest then
Bo. erect, thin-columnar, bluish-green; St.c. 3 cm point downwards), to c. 12 mm lg.; Csp. mostly 1
0 ;Ri.8-10, obtuse, with ellipsoidal Tub.; Rsp. 8, more conspicuous and projecting, c. 3 cm lg.,
to 12 mm lg.; Csp.4-5, the upper one longest, to 2.5 together with 1 shorter Sp., but sometimes 4,
cm lg., colour ?; FI. c. 4 cm lg., bellshaped to cruciform, the stouter ones thickened and dark
:unnelform, yellowish below, reddish above; style below; all Sp.yellowish-horn-coloured, then paler,
purple.—Chile. yellow-tipped, or the centrals dark-tipped; FI. to
Ritter considered the spec, belonged to Austro- 4.5 cm lg., yellowish to reddish; Fr.2.5 cm lg., 1.7
cactus and referred it there; however it has never cm 0 ; S. (as in all spec.) numerous, black.—
neen re-collected. Regel stated: “branching Central Peru (Tarma).
above”, and the body has not been described as
soft. In the absence of living material, any such E. tarijensis (Card.) Ritt.: Corryocactus tarijensis
referral appears hasty, to say the least. The Card.
aescription could equally apply to Erdisia.
E. tenuiculaBackbg.
E.quadrangularisRauh & Backbg. Bo. squarrose, ± prostrate to ascending, with a
Bo. shrubby, squarrosely branching, in part stout woody R.; St. 1.5-3 cm 0 ; Ri. 8( 10),
pendant, to 1.5 m h.; branches 4(-5)-angled; Rsp. slender, low; Rsp. or scarcely distinguishable Csp.
4-8, pale yellow, 1-2 cm lg.; Csp. to 5 cm lg., all + hyaline, to 5 mm lg., thin; Csp. 1 +
porrect, sometimes an additional lower, more distinguishable, only slightly longer and stouter;
radial Sp. which is sometimes longer; Sp.very stiff, FI.c. 2.6 cm lg., 3.6 cm 0 ; Tu. short; Pet.orange-
rale yellow, the longest ones being very robust; FI. red, fairly br.—Peru (Tarma).
brilliant crimson; Fr. 3 cm 0 , reddish-green.—
Peru (Puquio valley). (Fig. 103.)
Erlocactus Backbg. (110)
E. quivillana (FR 688): no description available.
Very uniform and clearly characterised species,
E.ruthaeJohns.:not validly described; Ri.only c. becoming columnar when older, the crown ±
5. narrow, relatively prominent, with long notches oblique and woolly, the flowers relatively large,
.o appear ladder-like; Rsp. to c. 7; Csp. 1-2, broadly funnelform, with a short tube covered with
scarcely differentiated, thickened and dark below; brown wool. The fruits are spherical berries
Sp. light to dark, 1-2 sometimes much thinner than dehiscing basally, containing numerous loose
the others, one longest porrect Sp. is usually seeds, these rather small and brown. The hilum is
stoutest.—Peru. never red; this feature, together with the relatively
great body-size when older, the fruits and seeds,
E.spiniflora (Phil.) Br. & R. and the strong apical wool differentiate the genus
161
ERIOC ACTUS—ERIOCEREUS

from Notocactus.—Distribution: Paraguay, S. also banded; FI.c. 3.5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , expanding

Brazil. [(R).] Eriocephalus Backbg. was an earlier fully; Fr. firm, at first appearing fleshy; S. small,
name for it as a SG.; but the term Eriocephala brown, under 1 mm lg.—Paraguay (Paraguari).
(Backbg.) Backbg. was abandoned on account of
the similarity between it and Eriocephalus L. Eriocephala (Backbg.) Backbg. and Eriocephalus
(Compositae). Backbg.: see EriocactusBackbg.
E. grossei (K. Sch.) Backbg.: Eriocactus schuman-
nianus (Nic.) Backbg. Only a form of the type of the Eriocereus (Berg.) Rice. (140)
G., together with its earlier varietal name under
Echinocactus: v. longispinus Hge. Jr. and—under Prostrate, leaning or climbing Cerei, sometimes
Notocactus—v. nigrispinus (Hge. Jr.) Berg. shrubby and arching, the shoots ± terete or +
angular, with several ribs. The flowers are noctur­
E. leninghausii (Hge Jr.) Backbg. nal, fairly large, funnelform, the tube + stout, the
Bo.broadly spherical to spherical at first, becoming petals white to pink; the tube and ovary are ±
columnar, to c. 1 m h., to c. 10 cm 0 , offsetting hairy, the dehiscent red fruit similarly, although the
freely from the base and somewhat higher up, to spines, in all species except two, are completely
form groups, sometimes curving at the base; crown reduced. The plants resemble Harrisia, which
oblique in older plants; Ri. to over 30, low; Ar. grows much further north and has indehiscent
white at first; Rsp. to 15, thin, bristly, whitish- fruits.—Distribution: Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay,
yellow; Csp. 3^1, eventually to 4 cm lg., + golden- E. Argentina to Buenos Aires State. [(R).]
yellow, bristly, ± curving; FI. 4 cm lg., 5 cm 0 ;
Sep.greenish; Pet.yellow.—S. Brazil. (Fig. 104.) E. adscendens(Giirke) Berg.
f. apeliiW. Heinr.: an interesting juvenile form; Bo. shrubby, arching; shootsto 5 cm 0 ; Ri. 7-10,
low-growing, offsetting freely; rounded, broken up into oblong Tub.; Ar. with
v. longispinus Ritt.: only a name. small Sc.; Sp. 10, robust, the outer ones appressed,
2-3 cm lg., thickened below, yellow or brown,
E. magnificus Ritt. 1964 darker-tipped; FI.25 cm lg., white, with brownish-
Bo. spherical, later elongated, sometimes off­ yellow H.; Fr. ± ovoid, to fist-sized, light red,
setting, mature plants with a blue-frosted epidermis; tuberculate, brown-felty.—Brazil (Bahia; Per­
apex oblique towards the light, + sunken, later nambuco).
entirely covered with white felt; Ri. 11-15, narrow,
with thickened white-felty Ar.; Ar. 1-3 mm apart, E. bonplandii(Parm.) Rice.
3-5 mm lg. on flowering plants and connected by Bo. prostrate to clambering, to 3 m lg. and more;
felt; Sp. 12-15, hair-like, yellow, 5-6 mm lg.; Csp. shoots 3-8 cm 0 , bluish-green, becoming greyish-
8-12, weak, acicular, brown; H. numerous, white, green; Ri. 4-6, sometimes 4-angled, furrows flat;
c. 8 mm lg.; FI. apical, diurnal, 4-5.5 cm lg., Sp.6—8(—10), red at first, then grey; FI.to 25 cm lg.,
funnelform, sulphur-yellow, rounded-spatulate; white; Tu. scaly, Sc. often recurved; Pet.to 12 cm
Tu. densely set with fleshy triangular little Sc. lg.; Fr.4-6 cm 0 , tuberculate, with longer Sc. and
tipped with a white to brown Br.-Sp. c. 10 mm lg.; hairy felt, carmine; S.to 3 mm lg., glossy black.—
Fil. and Sti. light yellow; Fr. spherical, c. 1 cm Brazil to Argentina. (Fig. 105.)
thick; S. c. 1 mm lg., reddish-brown, glossy.—
Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Serra Geral, Julio de E. crucicentrus Ritt.: an undescribed name; Csp.
Castilho, 2200 m). This spec, was discovered by cruciform.
Leopold Horst, who sent the first specimens of this
magnificent plant to Kakteen-Haage, in 1962, with E.guelichii(Speg.) Berg.
the brief note: “ Bo. blue, with yellow Sp.” He Bo. clambering; shootsto 5 cm 0 , 3^1-angled, the
re-collected it in 1964, with F. Ritter. This is one of sides flat, the angles acute and ± sinuate; Ar.white
the finest discoveries of recent decades. at first, then grey; Rsp. 4-5, eventually falling, 4-5
mm lg., the upper ones longest; Csp. 1, robust, to
E.schumannianus(Nic.) Backbg. (T.) 2.5 cm lg.; FI. 20-25 cm lg., white, green outside,
Bo. broadly spherical at first, later + clavate- with large Sc., almost without wool; Fr. red, with
columnar, to over 1 m h.; crown becoming + long narrow Sc.—Argentina (Chaco).
oblique; Ri. more numerous with age, to over 30,
narrow, acute; Ar. soon glabrous; Sp. 4-7(-10), E.jusbertii(Reb.) Rice.
centrals not clearly differentiated, straight or Bo. dark green, little branching; shoots4-6 cm 0 ;
contorted, somewhat thickened or darker below, Ri.5(-6), furrows flat; Ar.yellow at first, then grey;
otherwise later yellowish to brownish or darker, Rsp. 7, conical, 4 mm lg., the upper ones longer;
162
 ERIOCEREUS—ERIOSY CE

Csp. 1, stouter, red, becoming brown to blackish, Buenos Aires). Etas recently become a serious
-Iso to 4 and then cruciform; FI. 18 cm lg., nuisance in Australia.
rrownish-green outside, white inside ; Fr.flattened-
fpherical, red, to 6 cm 0 . —Regarded as a hybrid ; a
good stock for grafting plants of smaller 0 . Eriosyce Phil. (126)
E. martinii(Lab.) Rice. Genus of large spherical Cacti from Chile, very
Bo. leaning, to over 2 m lg. ; shoots 2-2.5 cm 0 , variable in habit. The distribution extends from
green to greyish-green; Ri. 4-5, broad, often only 200 m above sea-level up to over 2000 m ; this
indistinctly tuberculate; Rsp. mostly 5-7, short; is reflected in the differences of growth-forms,
Csp. 1, light brown, darker above and below, 2-3 although these can still vary within quite a narrow
cm lg. ; FI.20 cm lg., white, light green outside; Fr. area, in features such as spine-colour. While the
red, with prominent spiny Tub.—Argentina spination is relatively uniform in number and
!Chaco). arrangement in immature plants, older specimens
vary more strongly in habit (spherical or elon­
E. platygonus(O.) Rice. gated), in spine-colour (from blackish through
Bo.branching, leaning ; shootsslender, 2 cm 0 ; Ri. yellow to grey) and in the apical indumentum (only
6-8, flat, rounded, furrows shallow; Ar. raised, spiny and with the areoles moderately woolly, to a
small; Sp. 12-15, yellowish-brown at first, then ± wide and densely woolly zone); the flower-
grey, spreading, bristly and thin, to 12 mm lg. ; Csp. colour, where known, is also variable—from pink
1, somewhat stouter; FI. 12 cm lg., white, light to dull red. A comparison of the fruits reveals
green outside; Sep. brownish above.—S. America. similar differences: from spherical to elongated, the
bristles above ranging from fine and short to
E. pomanensis (Web.) Berg. almost as long as the fruit itself, and from quite thin
Bo. fairly erect, bluish or greyish-green; Ri. 4-6, to somewhat stouter. Small differences are even
obtuse, not sinuate; Rsp. 6-7, radiating, 1 cm lg. ; observable in seed-shape: in v. jorgensis, for
Csp. 1, 1-2 cm lg., subulate, red or white at first, instance, the prominence above the hilum scarcely
■.hen grey and black-tipped; FI. 15 cm lg., white; curves inwards on its lower edge, while in v.
In. with ovate Sc.; Fr. evenly spherical, weakly zorillaensis the seed is more cap-shaped. A con­
tuberculate, scaly, spineless.—N.W. Argentina, stant character is the noticeably longer and dense
v. uruguayensis (v.Ost.) Backbg. : differentiated indumentum of the bellshaped to tubular flowers,
by the more numerous Ri. (6-8) with more which is overtopped by stiffer bristles of variable
distinct Tub. ; FI.to 20 cm lg.—Uruguay. length (similar to that of the bristles on the fruits).
The petals are fairly strongly erect, the style and
E.regelii(Wgt.) Backbg. anthers are at approximately the same level above,
Bo. shrubby ; shoots 1.2-2 cm 0 ; Ri.4-5(-7), low, and the stigma-lobes are yellowish as far as is
obtuse; Rsp. c. 5, to 3 mm lg., white with brown known. The petals extend very slightly beyond
:ips, sharp, at first directed upwards, but later these other parts. In one and the same variety, the
downwards; Csp. 1(— 2), to 1.5 cm lg., stiff; FI. 22 number and length of the bristles on the fruit can
cm lg., purple outside; Pet. white, pink-tipped, vary. Taken all round, and within the limits of
greenish below.—Origin ? present knowledge of the characters, there is no
justification for any segregation into different
E tarijensis Ritt.: an undescribed spec, from species, and for the present I regard the forms
Tarija, Bolivia. (FR 850, 619.) deviating from the originally described type-species
as being no more than varieties, even although
E. tephracanthus boliviensis (Web.) Marsh.: Ritter gives several specific names (still unde­
Roseocereustephracanthus(Lab.) Backbg. scribed). The characters listed below must be
understood to refer to younger plants; more
E.tortuosus(Forb.) Rice. (T.) information as well as some colour-photographs
Bo. arching over and down, branching ; shootsto 1 will be found in my Handbook, “Die Cactaceae”,
m lg., 2-4 cm 0 , dark green; Ri. (5-)7, rounded, Vols. Ill and VI. As regards Ritter’s nomina nuda,
slightly indented, furrows sinuate, acute; Sp. 6-10, it is not even possible to say with any certainty
spreading, to 2 cm lg. ; Csp. 1-3 distinguishable, which of his plants are referable to the varieties I
stouter, 3^4- cm lg., reddish-brown at first ; FI.16 cm describe. Further study of this genus of large
lg-, white; Tu. with short Sp. and white wool; spherical Cacti (which can sometimes reach 1 m in
Ov. with similar indumentum, tuberculate, with height and in diameter) will be required in order
reddish triangular Sc.; Sep. brownish-green; Fr. to clarify the differential characters of all the
spherical, tuberculate, spiny.—Argentina (Prov. members of the genus. In addition to v. ceratistes, 6
163
ERIOS YCE—ESCOBARIA

varieties have been described, and probably at least E. ihotzkyanae Ritt.: not described; Sp. darker
a further 2 should be added: E. lapampaensis Ritt. brown, much bent.
n.nud., and an as yet unnamed plant which is
broadly spherical, with dense, long, grey spines E. lapampaensis Ritt.: not described; Sp. longer,
(Fig. 3455, “Die Cact.”, VI).—Distribution: Chile, + curving, laterally strongly interlacing, light
from the S. Province of Atacama, to the Santiago brownish at first, soon becoming whitish and
area. [(R), (G): the plants grow vigorously but brown-tipped, one Sp. longer, projecting.
grafting speeds growth; however stouter stocks will
later be required when re-grafting.] E. sandillon Remy: a synonym for the type-species
of the G .; the specific name is the one given to the
E. aurata (Pfeiff.) Backbg.: since there are several plant by the natives.
forms with yellowish Sp., it is impossible to
determine from Pfeiffer’s description to which
variety his name should he ascribed. Erythrorhipsalis Berg. (25)
E. ausseliana Ritt.: a name without description for
a plant with somewhat finer brown spines. Pendant epiphytes, later branching, with numerous
cylindric stems covered with appressed bristles;
E. ceratistes(O.) Br. & R. (T.) v. ceratistes flowers apical, small, similarly bristly, followed by
Bo. spherical, to 50 cm 0 ; Ri. over 20-30 (when small-spherical, red, bristly fruits.—Distribution:
old); crown soon becoming woolly; Sp. more Brazil. (Must be allowed to hang down when
numerous on older plants, c. 8 at first and 1 Csp., cultivated.)
later to c. 20, fairly straight to + curving, to over 3
cm lg., subulate, thick, black, sometimes lighter on E. pilocarpa(Lofgr.) Berg. (T.)
new growth; FI.to c. 3.5 cm lg., red; Pet.c. 1.5 cm Bo. forming large hanging bushes, branching
lg.; Fr. to 4 cm lg.; S. black, ovoid, c. 3 mm lg.— verticillately; St. 3-6, weakly ribbed, to 12 cm lg.,
Chile (above Santiago de Chile). (Fig. 106.) The to 6 mm 0 , dirty greyish-green; Ri. 8-10,
following varieties are differentiated from v. indistinct; Ar. with 3-10 Br. instead of Sp.; FI.
ceratistes with its + blackish Sp.: solitary or paired, scented, to 2.5 cm br., pale
v. combarbalensis Backbg.; Bo. spherical to yellow, also with a slight greenish tinge; Fr. 12 mm
barrel-shaped; Sp. dirty yellowish-grey, none of lg. and 0 , with yellowish Br.; S. fairly large,
them straightly erect, to c. 3.6 cm lg.; Fr.with Br. black.—Brazil (Sao Paulo; Rio de Janeiro). (Fig.
c. 11 mm lg., brownish-grey.—Chile (Man- 107.)
quehua, near Combarbala);
v. coquimbensis Backbg.; Bo. spherical; crown
not woolly when flowering stage is reached; Sp. Escobaria Br. & R. (217)
deep brown; FI.pink; Fr.with Br. c. 13 mm lg.,
rust-brown.—Chile (Prov. Coquimbo, Frai Small or very small, ± spherical to cylindric plants
Jorge); becoming more strongly elongated in age, usually
v. jorgensisBackbg.: Bo. compressed-spherical; quite freely offsetting, sometimes forming larger
Sp.dirty to yellowish-grey, 1Sp. longer, straight, groups. The small apical flowers are white to
porrect, compressed, to 4.5 cm lg.; Fr. with dirty- purple, also pink to greenish-white, in one instance
grey Br. 13-15 mm lg.—Chile (Frai Jorge); yellowish. The berries resemble those of Mam-
v. mollesensis Backbg.: Bo. spherical; Sp. millaria and are red, the seeds are black. The genus
yellowish to amber-coloured, more brownish in is distinguished from Coryphantha by the fruit-
the crown, to 5.5 cm lg., almost all of them colour and the hard seeds, but the latter genus and
slightly curving, none longer and projecting; Fr. Escobaria have in common the furrowed tubercle
with thin, dark brown Br. c. 7 mm lg.—Chile which is also found in the relatively large-flowering
(Prov. Coquimbo, Rio Molles); Genus Neobesseya; the latter also has red fruits but
v. tranquillaensis (Ritt.): not described; Sp. the seeds have a larger aril and the flowers are
brownish (Ritter gave his name specific rank); subapical, whereas in Escobaria they arise in the
v. vallenarensis Backbg.: Bo. ± barrel-shaped; crown. The fruits of both genera have a watery sap,
Sp. fairly light-coloured, longer, very erect and but those of Neolloydia, which also mostly have
interlacing; FI. dull red.—Chile (Prov. Atacama, cylindric bodies with furrowed tubercles and apical
Vallenar); flowers, are not watery and are dull in colour and
v. zorillaensisBackbg.: Bo. depressed-spherical; desiccate.—Distribution: USA (W. Texas; S. New
Sp. pale brown; crown with much white wool; Mexico), Mexico (Chihuahua to Tamaulipas and
Fr. with Br. 17 mm lg.; FI. intense red.—Chile Zacatecas). [(R), (G).]
(Dept. Ovalle, Zorilla). Some species have been attributed to Coryph-
164
 ESCOBARIA

antha, others to Neobesseya and Neolloydia, two Bo. 6 cm lg., with a tapering taproot, also
to Escobesseya Hest., and one even to Thelocactus. offsetting; St.to 3.4 cm 0 ; Tub. small, short; Rsp.
24-36, + appressed, radiating, white, to 1.2 cm lg.;
E. albicolumnaria Hest.: Escobaria tuberculosa Csp.mostly 3—8(—16), to 1.2 cm lg., colour as for the
(Eng.) Br. & R. Rsp.; FL pink, 1.5 cm lg. and 0 ; Sep. ciliate; Fr.
scarlet, 2 cm lg.; S.matt black.—USA (Texas, near
E. arizonica (Eng.) F. Buxb.: Coryphanthavivipara Hot Springs).
v. arizonica(Eng.) Marsh.
E. emskoetteriana(Quehl) Backbg.
E.bellaBr.& R. Bo. forming mats; St.to 5 cm h., to 4 cm 0 , dark
Bo. small-cylindric, offsetting; St.6-8 cm lg.; Tub. green; Tub. conical, 1 cm lg.; Rsp. over 20, stoutly
rounded, with a white furrow set with a narrow acicular, brown-tipped, to 2 cm lg.; Csp. 6-8, to 2
brownish Gl. (peculiar to this spec.?); Rsp.several, cm lg., some of them thickened below, white,
whitish, to 1 cm lg.; Csp. 3-5, brown, to over 2 cm reddish-brown above; FI. 3 cm lg., dirty white,
lg., ascending, brown; FI. almost 2 cm 0 , pink; greenish-red at the centre; Sep.ciliate; Pet.to over
Sep.ciliate; Pet.with a pale border.—USA (Texas, 2 cm lg.—Mexico (San Luis Potosí?).
Devil's River).
E. fobei Fric: EscobarialloydiiBr. & R. ?
E. bisbeeana (Ore.) Marsh.: spec, from Bisbee
(USA: Arizona); not validly described. E. hesteri(Wright) F. Buxb.
Bo. small, forming groups; St. to 2.5-4 cm h.,
E.boreguiSchmoll: only a catalogue-name. Said to colonies to 30 cm 0 ; crown covered by Sp.; Tub.
be: “small, only 2.5 cm 0 , + columnar; Tub. conical, to 12mm lg.; Rsp. 14-16,not always in one
small, round; Rsp. 23; Csp. 4; all Sp. white, Csp. plane, also several finer ones (mostly above) to 15
thickened below”. mm lg., hyaline; Csp.0;FI.light purple, 2.3cm lg.,
2.5cm 0 ; Sep.ciliate; Pet. 1cm lg.—USA (Texas,
E.chaffeyiBr. & R. Mt. Ord). (Fig. 108.)
Bo. columnar, to 12 cm lg.; St. 5-6 cm 0 , almost
completely concealed by the Sp.; Tub. very short, E. leeiBod.
light green, furrow narrow; Rsp. bristly, white; Bo. offsetting; St. 1,5 cm h., 5 mm 0 ; Sp.
Csp. 1(?) to several, shorter than the Rsp., tipped numerous, white, to 3 mm lg. (Description
brown or black; FI. 1.5 cm lg., creamy-pink with a inadequate).—USA (New Mexico).
brownish M.-stripe; Fr. carmine, c. 2 cm lg.—
Mexico (Zacatecas, Cedros). E. lloydiiBr. & R.
Bo. forming groups; Rsp. c. 20, later dropping,
E. chihuahuensisBr. & R. spreading, thin, white; Csp. several, robust, tipped
Bo. solitary to forming groups; St. spherical to brownish or blackish, 2 cm lg.; FI.greenish, 2.5 cm
short-cylindric, to 12 cm lg., to 6 cm 0 , densely lg., with a brownish dorsal stripe ; Fr. spherical to
spiny: Tub. short, concealed by the Sp.; Rsp. oblong, 6-12 mm lg., red; S. black, 1 mm lg.—
numerous, spreading; Csp. several; all Sp. brow­ Mexico (Zacatecas, Sierra Zuluaga).
nish, centrals sometimes black; FI. to 1.5 cm lg.,
purple; Sep.ciliate.—Mexico (near Chihuahua). E. muehlbaueriana(Bod.) Knuth
Bo. offsetting; St.ovoid-cylindric, to 5 cm h., 3 cm
E. chlorantha (Eng.) F. Buxb.: Coryphantha 0 , glossy dark leaf-green; Tub. ± conical, 8 mm
chloranthaEng. lg.; Rsp. 15-20, upper ones very fine, others thin,
stiffly acicular, whitish, brown-tipped, c. 8 mm lg.;
E.dasyacantha(Eng.) Br. & R. Csp. mostly 6, directed upwards or projecting, 1.5
Bo.spherical to oblong, to 20 cm lg.; St.to 7 cm 0 ; cm lg.; FI. 1.5 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , greenish-yellow
Rsp. to over 20, white, bristly; Csp. c. 9, stouter, with a reddish-brown dorsal stripe (Sep.); Fr.5 mm
rather longer, reddish or brownish above, often to 0 , red; S. glossy, dark reddish-brown.—Mexico
2 cm lg.; FI.pink; Sep. ciliate; Fr.clavate, scarlet, (Tamaulipas).
to 2 cm lg.; S. 1mm lg., black.—USA (W. Texas; S.
New Mexico); Mexico (Chihuahua). E. nellieae(Croiz.) Backbg.
Bo.quite freely offsetting; St.to 4.5 cm lg., oblong;
E. deserti (Eng.) F. Buxb.: Coryphanthachlorantha Ri. 8-14, tuberculate; Tub. only 2 mm lg.; Rsp. c.
v. deserti(Eng.) Backbg. 18, thin-subulate, radiating, the longer ones above
sometimes 1cm lg., erect, flanked by fine Ssp.; Csp.
E. duncanii(Hest.) Backbg. 0; all Sp. honey-yellow or somewhat darker, also
165
ESCOBARIA—ESCONTRIA

white or reddish above; FI. to only 1.5 cm 0 , E. strobiiiformis sensu Bod.: Escobariatuberculosa
purple.—USA (Texas, S. of Marathon). (Fig. 109.) (Eng.) Br. & R.
E. neomexicana (Eng.) F. Buxb.: Coryphantha E.tuberculosa(Eng.)Br. & R. (T)
viviparav. neomexicana(Eng.) Backbg. Bo.offsetting; St.cylindric, to 18 cm h., to 6 cm 0,.
greyish to bluish-green; Tub. 6 mm lg.; Rsp. 20-30,
E. oklahomensis (Lahm.) F. Buxb.: an in­ acicular, 4—15 mm lg.; Csp. 5-9, somewhat stouter
termediate between Coryphantha vivipara and v. and longer, brown or blackish towards the tip,
radiosa(Eng.) Backbg. otherwise white like the Rsp.; FI.2.5 cm 0 , pink;
Sep.violet-pink; Fr.oblong, to 2 cm lg., carmine.—
E. orcuttiiBod. USA (W. Texas, S. New Mexico) to N. Mexico.
Bo. ovoid, to 6cm h.; Rsp. thin, numerous, white, A very variable spec. Of the varieties which have
to 8 mm lg.; Csp. to 15, 1-2 in the middle, these been named, the following are more strongly
stouter and somewhat longer, slightly darker- differentiated:
tipped; FI.pink,1.5 cm 0 . —USA(?, Texas ?). v. caespititia(Quehl) Borg: Bo. more spherical,
densely offsetting; Rsp. 20, milky-white; Csp.
E. peloncillensis Kuenzl. n.prov.: Escobaria tuber­ 3-5, brown-tipped; Sep. pink, with white cilia;
culosav. caespititia(Quehl) Borg. Pet. pale pink, bordered white. This densely
spined plant was also sold in the USA as E.
E. radiosa (Eng.) Frank: Coryphantha vivipara v. peloncillensis Kuenzl. nom. prov.;
radiosa(Eng.) Backbg. v. durispina(Quehl) Borg: Bo. stoutly cylindric;
Sp. hard, brittle, white; Csp. stouter, tipped
E. rigidaBackbg. reddish or brown; the most attractive of the
Bo. solitary or offsetting, spherical to cylindric, varieties;
bluish-green; Tub. slender; Rsp. fairly numerous, v. gracilispina (Quehl) Borg and v. pubescens
densely interlacing laterally, more erect in the (Quehl) Borg both have thin Sp.; in the latter
crown and concealing this; Csp. several, rather they are red-tipped at first, as*also in v. rufispina
stouter, + projecting to ± porrect, to 1.5cm lg.; (Quehl) Borg, but this has only 15-20 Rsp..
Sp. all white at first, then more greyish-white; FI. E. varicolorTieg.
1.5 cm lg., violet; Fr.oblong, red.—Mexico (?). Bo. solitary, conical-spherical, to c. 6 cm h. and 0 ,
light green; Tub. 7 mm lg.; Rsp. 15-18, thin-
E.roseana(Bod.) Backbg. acicular, 6 mm lg., appressed, radiating, glassy,
Bo. later offsetting; St.ovoid, to 4 cm h., to over 3 dirty white; Csp.4, 3appressed upwards, the other
cm 0 , matt yellowish or leaf-green; Tub. 8 mm h.
and br.; Ar. yellow; Rsp. c. 15, smooth, thinly one projecting, 1 cm lg., subulate but thin, honey-
acicular, interlacing, the lower ones to TO mm lg., coloured to reddish or horn-coloured; FI.whitish
the uppers to 15 mm lg.; Csp. 4—6, spreading to carmine-pink. c. 3 cm lg.; Sep. ciliate.—USA
(W. Texas).
slightly upwards; all Sp. sulphur-yellow, lighter at
first; FI.reddish-white, small; Fr. 15 mm lg., green; E. vivipara (Nutt.) F.Buxb.: Coryphanthavivipara
S. dark brown, 1 mm lg.—Mexico (Coahuila, (Nutt.) Eng.
Saltillo).
E.zilziana(Bod.) Backbg.
E. runyoniiBr. & R. Bo. becoming cylindric, offsetting both from the
Bo. freely offsetting to form colonies of over 100 base and higher up; St. to over TO cm lg., light
heads; St. spherical to shortly oblong, greyish- bluish-green; Ax. quite woolly towards the crown
green, 3-5 cm lg.; Tub. 5 mm lg.; Rsp. numerous, in older plants; Rsp. 12-15, to 1.5 cm lg., whitish,
white, acicular, 4-5 mm lg.; Csp. stouter, 5-7, brown-tipped, also c. 4-7 shorter, thinner, upper
slightly spreading, tipped brown or black, 6-8 mm Ssp.; Csp. 0-1, not longer; FI. c. 2.5 cm lg., 1.5 cm
lg.; FI. 1.5 cm lg., pale purple, darker in the centre, 0 , yellow to olive; Fr.clavate, 2 cm lg., crimson.—
margins paler; Fr. scarlet, to 9 mm lg.—USA Mexico (Coahuila, N. of the Sierra Paila).
(Texas, Brownsville), N. Mexico (N. Tamaulipas).
Escobesseya ITest. (E. dasyacantha and duncanii):
E, sneediiBr. & R. EscobariaBr. & R.
Bo. offsetting to form colonies of up to 50 heads;
St.cylindric, to 6 cm lg., 1— 2 cm 0 ; Tub. to 3 mm
lg., rounded; Sp.to 20, appressed, densely interlac­ Escontria Rose (161)
ing, to 6 mm lg., brown-tipped, concealing the
crown; Fr.7 mm lg.; S. brown.—USA (W. Texas). Larger much-branching trees with smaller, glab-
166
 ESCONTRIA—ESPOSTOA

rous, shortly bell-shaped flowers, they, the ovary branching, hair-development, cephalium-
ind the fleshy fruit with larger, dry and arrangement and seed-testa are all different, so that
nrchmenty, triangular scales which are dense and they should be seen as two distinct genera. Even in
imbricate. Fruit-colour is variously reported as young plants it is possible to foresee the develop­
greyish-green (probably when unripe), brownish- ment of these differential characters, whereas in a
:sd (ripening?) and purple. The fruits have an plant said to be “Espostoa nana Ritt.” (Pseudo­
-roma of gooseberries, and are on sale in the local espostoa), this does not apply. If a cross-section
-.arkets.—Distribution: Mexico (S. Puebla to shows that the cephalium does not arise from close
Oaxaca). [(R).] to the axis (F. Buxbaum in Kakt.u.a.Sukk., 15: 3,
45. 1964), the plant when adult still shows a
E. chiotilla(Web.) Rose (T.) juvenile, incompletely sunken cephalium. Any
Bo.tree-like, to 7 m h., developing a shorter, robust arguments against this segregation ignore the fact
trank; branches weak, readily detached, light that where the characters of a complex of species
green; Ri. 7-8; Ar. very crowded and later are so distinct, and yet so uniform within the group,
influent; Rsp. to 10—15, fairly short, recurved; this represents a natural generic classification; any
Csp. several, 1 main Sp. to 7 cm lg., sometimes + larger grouping is more artificial and overlooks the
fattened; all Sp. light-coloured; FI. 3 cm lg., differences; this in turn has produced the fairly
ellow; Fr. c. 5 cm 0 . —S. Mexico (S. Puebla). frequent confusions of the past. It may be objected
•Fig. 110.) that the two distributions are geographically close,
but this is not unusual and was already known from
Weberbauer’s work on the Andean flora. Hum­
Espostoa Br. & R. emend. Werd. (183) boldt had observed the cleft character of the
Espostoa cephalium, with its conspicuously seam­
Peruvian Cerei, from tall and shrub-like to ± tree- like subapical depression (see also Pseudo­
Jce, almost all set with dense white hairs; the radial espostoa).
spines are mostly shorter, fine, white, yellowish or
red. the centrals sometimes longer to quite long, E. blossfeldiorum (Werd.) F. Buxb.: Thrixantho-
■ Dm-coloured, or even + red-flecked to reddish- cereusblossfeldiorum(Werd.) Backbg.
eoloured. The hair-development where present is
— dense and web-like, silky; unlike the more IE. calva (FR 1314): no description available.
Central Peruvian genus, Pseudoespostoa, the
-pical hair is not conspicuously soft and dense or E. dautwitzii (Hge. Jr.) Borg: clarification is
like cotton-wool. In his amendment (1931) Werder- lacking as to whether this spec, belonged to
nann restricted Espostoa to the more northern and Pseudoespostoa or Espostoa.
predominantly E. Andean species which branch
rom the sides and have a grooved cephalium and E. dybowskii (Goss.) Fric: Austrocephalocereus
matt seeds; however he (still) placed the plants of dybowskii(Goss.) Backbg.
my genus Pseudoespostoa in Cephalocereus on
account of the superficial cephalium; moreover E. huanucensisRitt.
mese latter plants, which are never so tall-growing, A spec, with finer and also ± projecting H.;
rranch from the base and have glossy seeds. In possibly only a variety.
Espostoa the cephalium is whitish to yellowish or
rrownish, according to the species; it develops E. hylaeaRitt.—“Taxon” XIII: 4, 143. 1964.
-om a seam-like depression running down from Bo. branching from the base to midway; St.
me apex, quite shallow at first but becoming wider ascending, to 5 cm 0 ; Ri. 21-28, with H. to 1 cm
and deeper, with flat and broader areoles, so that it lg.; Rsp.3CM0, 5 mm lg., yellow or reddish-brown;
can be described as a grooved cephalium. The Csp. scarcely distinguishable, sometimes 1 rather
nocturnal flowers are borne mostly in the upper stouter Sp. to 1 cm lg.; Ceph. light brown; FI.to 5
part, but also quite low on the flanks; they are cm lg., to 6 cm 0 , with white floccose H., colour?
spreading at anthesis, and of varying length. The (probably white); S. 1.4 mm lg., matt.—Peru
berry-fruits are red when ripe and they, like the (Prov. Bagna, Dept. Amazonas, Rio Maranon,
flowers, are laxly hairy. Species sometimes rather Magdalena). (FR 668.)
■ ariable, especially in hair-development, but the
latter never resembles cotton-wool.—Distribution: E. lanata(HBK.) Br. & R. (T.)
S. Ecuador to N. Peru. [(R).] Bo. tree-like and trunk-forming, to 4 m h.; Br.
i have followed Werdermann’s amendment, i.e. I erect; Ri.20-30, low; Ar.crowded; Rsp.numerous,
have retained his segregation of Espostoa and yellowish, short, sharp, sometimes + reddish-
Pseudoespostoa, for the following reasons: habit. tipped; Csp. mostly 2, very robust, projecting.
167
ESPOSTOA—EULY CHNIA

several cm lg., yellowish to horn-coloured, red- E.ritteriRuin.

tipped; Ceph. whitish; FI. c. 5 cm lg.—N. Peru. Bo. tree-like, branching, to 4m h., broader than
(Fig. 111.) high; branches to 7 cm 0 , dark green; Ri. 18-22,
v. sericata (Backbg.) Backbg.: lacks the longer transversely furrowed; Ar. white; FI. white, fine,
Csp. ofv. lanata. (Fig. 112.) sometimes + projecting, 2-3 cm lg.; Rsp. c. 25,
thin, reddish-brownish, yellowish or whitish; Csp.
E. lanianuligera Ritt. (FR 660): “with greyish- 1, 7-20 mm lg., said to be black, also reddish-brown
white H. and ivory Sp.” ; still not described. in seedling plants, thin; Ceph.yellowish; FI.to 8 cm
lg., white.—N. Peru (banks of the River Maranon).
E. laticornuaRauh & Backbg.
Bo. forming wide-crowned trees, to only 2 m h., E. ruficeps Ritt. (FR 573A), not described: plant
with a trunkto 50 cm lg., to 30 cm 0 ;branches ± with longer, + projecting H. and fine short reddish
erect; Sp. mostly at first with longer Csp. which Sp. Since no data are given as to habit and
may later disappear, Sp. in the type are lighter in cephalium, it is impossible to say whether it should
colour; Ceph. yellowish-green; FI. 6 cm lg.; Fr. 4 be attributed to any of the known spec. (Fig. 3512,
cm lg.—S. Ecuador to N. Peru. Br. & R. depicted “DieCact.”, Vol. VI.)
this spec., which they erroneously believed to be
identical with E. lanata. E. sericata (Backbg.) Backbg.: Espostoa lanata v.
v. atroviolacea Rauh & Backbg.: Rsp. purplish- sericata(Backbg.) Backbg.
violet; Csp. 1(— 2), those in the crown dark
brownish-red to ± black; Ceph. pure white to E. ulei (Gurke) F. Buxb.: Facheiroa ulei (Giirke)
greenish-white; FI.c. 5 cm lg.; Werd.
v. rubens Rauh & Backbg.: Rsp. reddish; Csp.
1-2, to 8 cm lg., amber-coloured or sometimes
with lengthwise lines; Ar. yellowish-brown; Eulychnia Phil. (88)
Ceph. pure white to yellowish-white.
Mostly tree-like Cerei, mostly freely branching, the
E. melanostele (Vpl.) Borg: Pseudoespostoa mel- branches fairly erect, sometimes with fairly long
anostele(Vpl.) Backbg. central spines. In some species even very young
plants develop white or grey, ± long areolar felt, or
E. mirabilisRitt.—“Taxon", XIII: 4,143. 1964. this may be hair-like, dense and long, so that the
Bo. probably shrubby to tree-like; St.to 9 cm 0 ; crown is concealed by floccose felt or hairs. The
Sp.bristly-thin on immature plants, interlacing and flowers are bellshaped to funnelform, or almost
projecting, some longer and hair-like, especially rounded-bellshaped below, variously long, set
towards the base; Csp. erect in the crown, acicular fairly densely with felty or (shortly) hairy areoles;
and thin in young plants, white below, reddish the thick-walled fruits sometimes have dense
above, older plants have several stouter, longer and appressed hairs, or felt, and are sometimes scented.
projecting Csp.; crownwith quite dense white wool, The seeds, as far as known, are rather small, dark
Ar. rather large; Ceph. golden-brown to reddish- brown or black. At least one species differs by its
brown; FI. as in other Espostoas, 5.5 cm lg.—N. dwarf or even semi-prostrate habit, its spination
Peru (middle Maranon Gorge). (FR 670.) with a conspicuous resemblance to that of Tri-
v. primigenaRitt., l.c.: St.only 4-8 cm 0 ; Ceph. chocereus skottsbergii (SG. Medioeulychnia), but
mostly reddish-brown to yellowish; FI. 4-5 cm clearly distinguishable from this by the woolly and
lg.—Same locality as the type (FR 1061). bellshaped flowers. A similar low-growing plant
with conspicuously spiny(!) flowers must be
E. mocupensis Johns, and E. lanata mocupensis regarded as an earlier stage in the evolutionary line
Ritt.: undescribed names. and referred to its own genus, Philippicereus
Backbg. 7 species have been described: Ritter
E. nana Ritt.: Pseudoespostoa nana (Ritt.) distinguishes a further 2 (undescribed) species, so
Backbg. that some 9 recognisable species are known.—
Distribution: Chile (N. coastal regions). [(R).]
E. procera Rauh & Backbg.
Bo. tree-like, to 7 m h.; branches to 15 cm 0 , not E. acidaPhil.
very numerous, squarrose; crownwith dense white Bo. tree-like, to 7 m h., with a trunk to 1m lg.; Ri.
wool; Csp. to 2 cm lg. on Ceph.-bearing plants, 11-12, broad, low; Sp. scarcely differentiated
yellowish towards the base, red above; Ceph.over 2 unequal, brownish at first, becoming grey, to 20 cm
m lg., with yellowish wool; FI. 4.5 cm lg.—N. Peru lg.; FI. 5 cm lg., top-shaped, densely set with Sc.
(Olmos Valley). and distinct cushions of very short felt, not H.; Pet.
168
 EUL YCHNIA—FACHEIROA

pink, later also white; Fr. fleshy.—Chile (Choapa from near the base; branches 6-8 cm 0 ; Ar. very
:o Coquimbo). Ritter distinguishes a v. pro- crowded, to 7.5 mm across, with tufted, longer,
cumbens. The plant I list as E. procumbens is also a greyish-white felt; Rsp.to 12,1-2 cm lg., brownish,
semi-prostrate and low-growing plant but has thin; Csp. 1-4, black, 3-6 cm lg., the longest ones
densely hairy and stoutly bellshaped FI. 1 have no pointing downwards; FI.c. 2 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , with
’information as to whether Ritter’s variety has the white wool and green Sc.; Pet. pink, to 1cm lg.,
same FI. as the type. rounded; Fr. greenish-orange, to 3 cm 0 , spheri­
cal; pulpcolourless, slimy, acid.—Peru (coast near
E. aricensisRitt.1—“Taxon”, XIII: 3, 115. 1964. Chala).
Bo. as for E. iquiquensis: Ri. more numerous,
14-17; Ar. larger, to 1 cm 0 , with short, pale grey E. saint-pieanaRitt.—“Taxon”, XIII: 3,115. 1964.
Bo.resembling that of E. spinibarbis but the Ar.are
r'slt; Sp. weaker, the longest 2-4 cm lg.; FI.shorter,
4.5-5.2 cm lg., with yellowish-brown, white, grey or circular, to 8 mm 0 , 3-8 mm apart, with pale grey
brownish felty H., these becoming paler; Pet. felt 5-10 mm lg., appearing as lax white flock on
smaller, to 1.8 cm lg., 0.4-0.5 cm br.; Fil.inserted mature plants; FI. 0-7.5 cm lg., 5-7.5 cm 0 ; Pet.to
below, crowded around the opening; Fr. smaller, 3 cm lg. and 0.8 cm br., white, spatulate, sometimes
4-5 cm lg. and br.; S. fewer.—Chile (S. of Arica, on with a pink M.-stripe, narrower at the base,
coastal cliffs). (FR 197.) rounded or acuminate above, with a tiny brownish
point; Fr. + pear-shaped, c. 8 mm lg.; pulp
E.breviflora Phil.: Eulychniaspinibarbis(O.)Br. & brownish-yellow, virtually sapless.—N. Chile
R. (Atacama) (FR 479A). No mention is made of the
Sp. which are yellow in seedlings; the latter also
E. floresiana Ritt., not described; said to resemble have a covering of dense white H.
E. saint-pieana Ritt. (FR 202A.)
E.spinibarbis(O.)Br.& R. (T.)
E. iquiquensis(K. Sch.) Br. & R. Bo. tree-like, to 4 m h., branching; branchesto 7.5
Bo. tree-like, to 7 m h., virtually spineless below; cm 0 ; Ri. 12—13; Sp.c. 20, scarcely differentiated
trunkshort, to 25 cm 0 ; branchesarising from near centrals to 15 cm lg., others mostly to c. 18 mm lg.;
the base; Ri. 12-15, ± tuberculate; Ar. crowded, FI..3-6 cm lg., with light yellowish-brown H.; Pet.
white, to 1 cm 0 ; Sp. on sterile shoots c. 12-15, white or pink, 2 cm lg., acuminate; Fr.c. 7 cm lg.,
mostly c. 1 cm lg., 1-2 fairly stout, to 12 cm lg., the 4.5 cm 0 , with long light brown H.—Chile (Prov.
Sp. from flowering Ar. are often bristly and Coquimbo, coast).
numerous; FI.6-7 cm lg., with silky white H.; Pet. v. taltalensis Ritt. (FR 214): only a name.
short, white; Fr.5-6 cm 0 , fleshy, with dense silky
white H.—Chile (Prov. Atacama, Antofagasta,
Tarapaca, near the sea). (Fig. 113.) Facheiroa Br. & R. (177)
E. longispina Ritt: not described. Said to have FI. Tree-like plants with a short trank and numerous
with long golden-yellow H. (FR 214A). ribs. Flowering shoots bear a lateral superficial
v. lanuginosior Ritt.; only a name (FR 215), cephalium consisting of a compact mass of
likewise v. tenuis Ritt. (FR 215A). brownish-reddish woolly hairs. The nocturnal
flowers are rather short, cylindric to bellshaped,
E.procumbens Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. I ll: 6. with a short limb, with brownish hair. The fruit is
1963. pear-shaped, hairy at first but the hairs dropping at
Bo.erect to semi-prostrate, low-growing; St.often maturity.—Distribution: Brazil (Bahia). [(R).]
slightly curving, often glabrous below; Ri.c. 9-11,
obtuse, ± tuberculate; Ar. plump, grey; Sp. F. pubiflora Br. & R.: Facheiroa ulei (Giirke)
varying in number and length, but mostly fairly to Werd.
very long, sometimes slightly curving to directed
downwards, several of them of a length greater F. ulei(Giirke) Werd. (T.)
than the St.-0, those at the apex ± erect; FI. Bo. to 5 m h., trunkto 12 cm 0 ; branchesslender,
stoutly and broadly bellshaped, white, with dense numerous to 7 cm 0 , light green to greyish-green;
soft El. as far as the limb, the Tu. thus remaining Ri. 15-20; Ar. greyish-brown; Rsp, 10—15, 1-1.5
concealed; Pet. fairly short.—Chile (S. of Los cm lg.; Csp. 3^1, c. 1-2.5 cm lg.; all Sp.brown, not
Viles). (Fig. 114.) very sharp; Ceph. to 20 cm lg„ to 4 cm br.,
brownish-reddish, H. to 4.5 cm lg., Br. absent; FI.
E. ritteriCullm. to 4.5 cm lg., to 2 cm 0 ;Tu. and Ov. with dense
Bo.tree-like or shrubby, to 3 m h., freely branching small Sc. and brownish H.T cm lg.; Pet.white; Fr.

169
FACHEIROA—FEROCACTUS

6 cm lg., 4 cm 0 ; S. 1.5 mm lg., matt black (Werd.) white; Csp. to 10, to 5 cm lg., yellow or red,
or glossy (Giirke).—Brazil (Bahia, Serra do S. curving; FI. 5 cm 0 , yellow.—Mexico (Baja
Ignacio). (Fig. 115.) California).

F. coloratusGat.
Ferocactus Br. & R. (195) Bo.cylindric, to 1 m h., to 30 cm 0 ; Ri. 13-20; Ar.
large, elongated; Rsp. 10—14, bristle-like, matt
Plants of quite widely varying habit: flattened- white, spreading, slightly sinuate; Csp.9(-l 1), stiff,
spherical, low-spherical, fairly tall and elongated, stout, banded, straight, to 5 cm lg., the lowest
or forming cushion-like groups of hundreds of central one broadest, light brownish-red, one of
heads, thick-columnar, solitary or offsetting, these hooked; FI. + straw-coloured, appearing
sometimes to 4 m h., and thus the tallest of the orange or red because of the red M.-stripe; Fr.
cactoid forms. The spination shows comparable yellow; S. black, rather matt.—Mexico (Baja
variability: subulate to flattened, the central spines California, Aguaje San Andreas).
straight to curving or even sharply hooked, often
brilliantly coloured and sometimes accompanied F. cornigerus and var. (names of Schmoll):
by hair-like subsidiary spines. Common to all are Ferocactuslatispinus(Haw.) Br. & R.
the relatively short, glabrous, densely scaly flowers,
yellow or red, as far as known, or in intermediate F. covillei (Br. & R.) Berg.: Ferocactus emoryi
tones, and the basally dehiscent fruits which are (Eng.) Backbg.
similarly scaly. In a number of species no inform­
ation is available about the seeds, otherwise they F. diguetii(Web.) Br. & R.
are mostly black, sometimes brown, matt or + Bo.cylindric, to 4 m h., to 80 cm 0 ; Ri.to c. 40; Ar.
glossy. Most plants grow relatively slowly when eventually very crowded; Sp. 6-8, 3-4 cm lg.,
cultivated in pots.—Distribution: USA (S. States slightly curving, somewhat spreading, subulate,
from Utah and Nevada to the S. frontier), Mexico terete; FI.3.5 cm lg.,; Pet. red, bordered yellow, 2
(Baja California and states s. to Oaxaca). [(R).] cm lg.—Mexico (islands of the Gulf of California,
e.g. Santa Catalina Is.).
F.acanthodes(Lem.) Br. & R. v. carmenensis Linds.: to only 1 m h., to 40 cm
Bo, stout-columnar, to 3 m h., mostly solitary; Ri. 0 ; Sp. stouter than in the type.—Mexico (Gulf
to c. 27, to 2 cm h.; Ar. brown, often very crowded; of California, Carmen Is.).
Rsp.to c. 13, thin-acicular to bristly; Csp.subulate,
never hooked, at most ± bent, thin, ± flattened or F.echidne(DC.) Br. & R.
± contorted, to 12 cm lg.; Sp. whitish, pink, light Bo. broadly subspherical, to 12.5 cm h., to 18 cm
red or yellowish; FI. bellshaped, yellow to orange, 0 , green, later offsetting)?); Ri. 13, acute; Ar.
4-6 cm lg., with purple Sc.; Fr. 3 cm lg.—USA (S. oval; Rsp. c. 7, stiff, c. 2 cm lg., yellow; Csp. 1,
Nevada) to Mexico (Baja California). (Fig. 116.) porrect, to over 3 cm lg.; FI.3 cm lg., lemon-yellow
v. lecontei (Eng.) Linds.: to only 2 m h., to sulphur-yellow.—Mexico (Hidalgo).
considerably more slender; Ri. to 30.—USA
(SW.) to Mexico (Sonora, Baja California). F.emoryi(Eng.) Backbg.
Bo. solitary, spherical to cylindric, to 2.4 m h.; Ri.
F. alamosanus Br.& R. 22-32, to 4 cm h., rather thin, + tuberculate at
Bo. spherical, to 25 cm h., to 30 cm 0 , sometimes, first; Ar. distant, brown at first, glandular; Rsp.
forming groups; Ri.c. 20; Rsp.mostly 8, 3-4 cm lg., 5-8, subulate, somewhat spreading, to 6 cm lg.;
± spreading; Csp. 1, porrect, to 6 cm lg., somewhat Csp. 1, straight, bent or very hooked, banded,
flattened laterally; Sp. yellowish; FI. yellow.— round to flattened or triangular, 3-8 cm lg.; Sp.red
Mexico (Sonora). to white; FI. to over 6 cm lg., yellow to red with
v. piatygonusLinds.: eventually ± cylindric, to 1 yellow flecks; Fr. 5 cm lg.—USA (S. Arizona) to
m h. and 40 cm 0 ; Ri.to 13 (occasionally to 20), Mexico (Sonora, Guaymas). Probably represents
to 4 cm h. and br. ;SP. amber-coloured, later red more than a single spec.
below; FI. to 4.5 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 , greenish-
yellow; Fr. 4 cm lg., 3 cm 0 ; S. intense dark F.flavovirens(Scheidw.) Br. & R.
brown to black.—Mexico (Sonora; SW. Chi­ Bo. ± elongated-spherical, offsetting to form
huahua). colonies, dull pale green; St.to 20 c m 0 , to 40 cm
h.; Ri. (11—)13, to 2 cm h.; Ar. grey; Rsp. 14,
F.chrysacanthus(Ore.) Br. & R. projecting, to 2 cm lg.; Csp. 4, the lowest one 5-8
Bo.spherical to ± cylindric; Ri.c. 18, tuberculate; cm lg.; all Sp. red to brown, then grey, stout,
Ar. with nectar-glands; Rsp. 4 to numerous, thin, subulate, banded; FI. yellow.—Mexico (Puebla,
170
 FEROCACTUS

Tehuacan). black.—Mexico (Puebla, on limestone mountains

between Esperanza and Cumbres de Acultzingo at
F.fordii(Ore.) Br. & R. 2700-2900 m).
Bo.spherical to short-cylindric, greyish green, to 12 Not a variety of F. stainesii.
cm 0 ; Ri.mostly 21, 1cm h.; Ar. 2 cm apart; Rsp.
- 15, acicular, spreading, whitish; Csp.mostly 4,1 F. hamatacanthus (Miihlpfrdt.) Br. & R.:Ham-
flattened, to 4 cm lg., bent to hooked, the others atocactushamatacanthus(Miihlpfrdt.) Knuth.
v_bulate, somewhat angular; FI. 4 cm lg., light
purple.—Mexico (Baja California, W. coast). F. herreraeG. Ort.
v. grandiflorus Linds.: somewhat taller, to 1 m : Bo. spherical, eventually cylindric, to 2 m h.; Ri.
FI. 6 cm lg., yellowish-red; Pet. 4 cm lg.—Baja 13-14, tuberculate at first; Ar. 2 cm lg., white or
California (Cap San Eugenio to Abreojos Point). light grey; Rsp. 8, 2 of these white, the others
flecked red; Csp. 1, hooked at first, becoming
F.gatesiiLinds. straight; Br. to 8, contorted, to 3 cm lg.; FI.
Bo. spherical to cylindric, to 1.5 m h., to 30 cm 0 ; funnelform, 7 cm 0 , 7 cm lg.; Pet. reddish,
Ri. 30-32; Ar. light brown; Rsp. c. 16, radiating, bordered yellow; Fr. 4 cm lg., 3 cm 0 . —Mexico
:erete: Csp. 4, cruciform, flattened laterally, to 3 (Mazatlan, Durango).
mm br., the lowest one longest, to 7 cm lg., never
h ooked; Csp. and some lateral Sp. banded, others F. hertrichii Weing.: an insufficiently clarified
bristly, fine; FI.to 6 cm br. and lg., red; Fr. to 7.5 spec.: Bo.to 1.5 m h., to 60 cm 0 ; Ri. 12-24; Rsp.
cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 . —Mexico (Baja California, 17-19, mostly bristly, to 4 cm lg.; Csp.4,4-6 cm lg.,
Lands of Los Angeles Bay). the lowest one hooked; FI. 6 cm lg., reddish-brown
with a darker centre.—USA (Arizona, Tortilla and
F. glaucescens(DC.) Br. & R. Gila Mts.).
Bo. spherical, later slightly elongated, bluish-
green; Ri. 11-13; Sp.yellow; Rsp. 6-7; Csp. 1; all F.histrix(DC.) Linds.
— equal, to 3 cm lg.; FI. 2 cm lg., yellow; Pet. Bo. eventually large-spherical with an oblique
oblong.—Eastern Central Mexico. crown, to 70 cm h., olive to bluish green, solitary;
F. pfeifferi(Zucc.) distinguished from the preceding Ri.c. 24, many more in old plants; Rsp. 7-12; Csp.
follows: Bo. more elongated; Sp. 6, + equal, 3-4, one of these porrect, to 6 cm lg.; all Sp.amber-
pale yellowish, brown below, banded, only rarely 1 coloured ; FI.numerous, with the buds arising from
Csp.—Mexico (Toliman). a ring of thick wool, to 3.5 cm lg., light yellow,
broadly funnelform; Pet. linear-oblong, ± point­
F. gracilisGat. ed; Fr. 2 cm lg.; S. minute, brown.—Central
Bo.spherical to cylindric, to 3 m h., to 30 cm 0 ; Ri. Mexico.
24. tuberculate; Ar. narrowly elliptic; Rsp. 5 on
each side, 2.5M- cm lg., later spreading, acicular, F. horridusBr. & R.
whitish; Csp. 7-13, subulate, except for the central Bo. spherical, becoming elongated, to 1m h., to 30
upper one which is flattened on both sides, and the cm 0 ; Ri. 13, 2 cm h.; Ar.large; Rsp. 8-12, 3 4 cm
central lower one which is subterete below, concave lg., acicular, white; Csp. 6-8, spreading or porrect,
above, sometimes hooked at first; Sp. banded, reddish, one longest projecting hooked Sp. to 12 cm
sharp, dull dark red, sometimes light-tipped, all lg.; FI. ?—Mexico (Baja California, S. Francis-
becoming black; FI.4cm lg., straw-coloured with a quito Bay).
reddish-brown M.-stripe; Fr. oblong, yellow; S.
glossy black.—Mexico (Baja California, Mision F. johnsonii (Parry) Br. & R.: Echinomastus
San Fernando). johnsonii(Parry) Baxt.
F.(S.D.) haematacanthusBorg F. johnstonianusBr. & R.
Bo. simple, spherical, later cylindric, 30-120 cm h., Bo. shortly cylindric, to 60 cm h., to 35 cm 0 ; Ri.
20-26 cm 0 , green, with a white-woolly crown; Ri. 24-31, wavy; Ar. crowded, elliptic; Sp. 20 or more,
13-27, narrow, slightly wavy; Ar. 16-23 mm apart, subulate, all alike, never hooked, slightly project­
silky-yellow at first, later greying; Rsp. 6, upper 2 ing, banded, to 7 cm lg., brownish-yellow to
flattened, 25-35 mm lg., deep red below, tipped yellow; FI. 5 cm lg., yellow, reddish outside; Fr. 2.5
yellow; Csp. 4, directed downwards, similarly cm 0 . —Mexico (Baja California, Angel de la
coloured, straight or slightly curving, 40-80 mm Guardia island).
lg.: FI. in a ring around the crown, 60-70 mm lg.,
25-30 mm br., purplish-red; Fr. ovoid, deep F. latispinus(Flaw.) Br. & R.
purple, 22-3$ mmlg., 14—27 mm 0 ; S. 1.8 mmlg., Bo. spherical to compressed-spherical, to 40 cm 0
171
 FEROCACTUS

and h., rarely elongated; Ri. 15-23; Ar.large; Rsp. F. peninsulae(Web.) Br. & R.
6-10, thin, banded, white to pink, 2-2.5 cm lg.; Bo.spherical at first, then columnar, to 2.5 m h.; Ri.
Csp. 4 or more, stouter, more intensely coloured, 13-21; Ar. distant; Rsp. c. 11, upper 6 thin-
one of them much flattened and hooked, directed subulate, white, straight, to 2.5 cm lg., lower ones
downwards; Sp.-colour varies from red to yellow; stouter, angular, ± bent, banded, red then
FI. bellshaped, whitish to pink or purple; Pet. becoming grey, to 3 cm lg.; Csp. 6, ruby-red, 4
narrowly oblong; Fr. 4 cm lg.—Central Mexico to cruciform, the lowest one hooked, angular, to 6 cm
Durango. Because of habit, flower and kidney­ lg.; FI. 4-4.5 cm lg., 5.5 cm 0 , purple with a
shaped seed this plant is perhaps better referred to carmine M.-stripe.—Mexico (S. Baja California),
Glandulicactus Backbg. v. viscainensis(Gat.) Linds.: Bo.to only 1.5 m h.;
Csp. 5-9, one of them to 13 cm lg., to 6 mm br.,
F. lecontei Br. & R.: Ferocactus acanthodes v. ± concave above; Sp.greyish-brown; FI.4.5 cm
lecontei(Eng. ) Linds. lg., straw-coloured with a purple dorsal stripe.—
Mexico (Baja California, near Mesquital).
F. lindsayiH. Bravo
Bo.simple, spherical, eventually cylindric, 60 cm h., F. pfeifferi(Zucc.): see under F. glaucescens. The
40 cm 0 , greyish-green; Ri. 13-18, 4 cm h., acute; very similar plant found by H. Sanchez Mejorada
Ar. 6-10 mm apart, elliptic, c. 3 cm lg., grey-felty, in Hidalgo (Quebrada de Venados) may also be
flowering Ar. yellow-woolly, with 7-9 red Gl.; Rsp. referable here: Rsp. 6-8 cm lg., yellow; Csp. 0; FI.
5-6, round or + flattened, 2.5-3 cm lg.; Csp. 1, yellow.
straight, 4.5 cm lg., grey, tipped black; FI.
subapical, bellshaped, 3-4 cm br., glossy yellow, F.pottsii(SD.) Backbg.
c. 4 cm lg.; Fr. ovoid, 1.5 cm lg. and 0 , purplish- Bo. spherical to elongated, glossy, greyish-green,
red; S. small, black.—Mexico (Michoacan, lower sometimes flushed reddish; Ri. 12-13, with tuber-
course of the Rio Balsas). Named for Dr. G. culate prominences; Tub. rather pointed; crown
Lindsay. with yellowish-grey felt; Ar. distant; Rsp. mostly
6(-7), reddish at first, later yellowish, 1-2 cm lg.;
F. macrodiscus(Mart.) Br. & R. Csp. 1, to 3 cm lg., purple at first, then light red; FI.
Bo.compressed-spherical, sometimes slightly elon­ straw-coloured, red inside.—Mexico (Chihuahua).
gated, to 45 cm 0 , light green; Ri. 16-21, acute;
Ar. light yellow, distant; Rsp. 6-8, + compressed, F. pringlei (Coult.) Br. & R.: Ferocactusstainesiiv.
to 2 cm lg.; Csp. 4, stouter, more compressed, the pringlei(Coult.) Backbg.
lowest one to 2 cm lg., pointing downwards; Sp.
yellow, reddish-yellow or blood-red; FI. 5 cm lg., F. rafaelensis (J. A. Purp.) Borg: Ri. to 20,
funnelform; Pet.linear-oblong, dark red to purple Gl. present; Csp. 1, to 6 cm lg.; S. small, 1 mm
or carmine, with a darker M.-stripe.—Mexico (San lg., glossy, deep black.—Mexico (Minas de San
Luis Potosí to Oaxaca). Rafael). Possibly only a form of F. echidne (DC.)
v. multiflorus (R. Mey.) Berg.: said to flower Br. & R.
more readily than the type; Sp. purple below at
first, soon becoming dull yellow; FI. 3^1 cm lg. F. rectispinus(Eng.) Br. & R.
and br.; Pet.pale pink with a purple M.-stripe. Bo. becoming cylindric, to 2 m h.; Rsp. 8-12, the
upper ones stouter; Csp. 1, 9-13 cm lg„ never
F. melocactiformis sensu Br. & R. (Echus. electra- hooked, sometimes curving; all Sp. reddish(?); FI.
canthus Lem.): Ferocactus histrix (DC.) Linds. 6 cm lg., yellow; Pet.5 cm lg., lanceolate.—Mexico
(Central Baja California).
F.nobilis (L.)Br. & Br.: Ferocactusrecurvus(Mill.)
Berg. F. recurvus(Mill.) Berg.
Bo. oblong, to c. 25 cm h., 20 cm 0 ; Ri. spiralled,
F.orcuttii(Eng.) Br, & R. 13-15, 3 cm h.; Ar. distant, dark grey; Rsp.
Bo. spherical to oblong, offsetting, to 20 heads, to subulate, 8, 2 of these + compressed, banded, to
1.3 m h., to 45 cm 0 , dark green; crownwith white 2.5 cm lg.; Csp. 1, very stout, to 7 cm lg., bent or
felt; Ri. 13-30, rather obtuse, to c. 1.5 cm h.; Ar. hooked; Sp. dark red to dark greyish-red, the
crowded; Rsp. 9—13(—15), subulate, radiating, weaker ones also yellowish; FI.2.5-4 cm lg. (-5 cm
sometimes bent and banded, to c. 2 cm lg.; Csp. lg. ?), red, bordered white or pink; Fr. 2 cm lg.; S.
4(-7), banded, stouter, angular or flat, 1bottom Sp. slightly glossy, brownish-black.—Mexico (Puebla;
to 3 cm lg., keeled, not hooked; FI. 3-5 cm lg., Oaxaca).
carmine to wine-red; Pet.rounded; Fr.carmine; S.
black.—Mexico (Baja California, near Tia Juana). F. rhodanthusSchwarz, not described.

172
 FEROCACTUS

Younger plants have 12 RL, the Bo.-colour is projecting ; Csp. 4, cruciform, ± banded, +
bluish-green, somewhat glossy; apical felt flattened, the longest upper one curving, not
brownish-white; Ar. with white felt, cushions hooked; FI. missing in the Ar., or only slight ; Sp.
rather large and oblong; Rsp. c. 8, spreading to red to yellow; Fi. orange.—Mexico (San Luis
projecting, the upper one shortest; Csp. sometimes Potosí).
1, ± twice the length of the Rsp.; all Sp. reddish- v. haematacanthus (SD.) Backbg. : Bo. to 50 cm
brownish at first, later brownish to horn-coloured, h.; Ri. 12-20; Sp. reddish, yellowish-tipped;
± banded with darker zones; FI. not known, but Rsp. 6 ; Csp.4, 3-6 cm lg., the bottom one rather
from Schwarz’s specific name can be presumed to broad below; FI. 6 cm lg., purple or flame-
be red. coloured .—Origin ?(Seealso F. haematicant hus. )
Seedling plants are difficult. The spec, perhaps v. pilosus (Gal.) Backbg. : with more FI. in the
belongs within the complex of F. emoryi, which Ar., especially towards the crown, and more
shows great variability of spination, flower-colour interlacing sideways ; Ri.to 20 ; Csp. to 4 cm lg. ;
and seed, with the Csp. varying from terete and FI.reddish-orange, yellowish inside.—Origin?
straight, to flattened and hooked; this is why it has v. pringlei(Coult.) Backbg. : Rsp. 7-9, the upper
long been suspected that several species were ones flexible; Csp. 6-7; FI. 3.5-4 cm lg.,
involved, rather than one only. brownish-red. —Mexico (Coahuila).

F. robustus(Lk. & O.) Br. & R. F.tiburonensis(Linds.) Backbg.

Bo.large, forming heap-like colonies to over 1 m h. Bo.cylindric, to 1 m h., 35 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 21, slightly
and to 3 m 0 , with hundreds of heads to 20 cm br., tuberculate, to 3 cm h. ; Sp. scarcely differentiated,
fresh green; Ri.8; Ar.brown at first; Sp.variable in noticeably banded, the Rsp. weaker, never bristly,
number and length, in part also in thickness, from the central 4 terete apart from the bottom one
stouter and lax, to finer and ± interlacing (Rsp.); which is somewhat flattened, to 9 çm lg., all Sp.
Rsp. to c. 14, the upper ones thin to bristle-like, 3 reddish( ?) ; FI.6 cm lg., 5 cm 0 , yellow ; Fr.to 3 cm
lower ones directed downwards, acicular to sub­ lg., yellow; S. black.—Mexico (Baja California,
ulate, light-coloured; Csp. 4(-6), to 6 cm lg., Tiburon Is.). Also regarded as a variety of F.
sometimes flattened, brown or red at first, darker wislizenii, but distinguished from this by the lower
below; FI. to 4 cm lg. and 0 , yellow; Fr. c. 2.5 cm habit, Rsp. which are not bristly-fine, and Csp. not
lg.; S.black.—Mexico (Puebla, Tehuacan). so distinctly hooked.
F. tortulospinusGat.
F. rostiiBr. & R. Bo. simple, to 60 cm h., to 40 rn 0 ; Ri. 20, not
Bo.to 3 m h., offsetting; Ar.white; Rsp.bristly, 2-8 broad; Tub. indistinct; Ar. fairly close-set at first;
or missing, white to yellowish; true Sp. c. 12 or Rsp.6-8 on each side, acicular, greyish-white ; Csp.
fewer; Csp. 3—4, banded, flattened, sometimes one 11, stiff, thin, spreading or appressed, banded, dull
above which is ± curving; Sp.yellow, also reddish greyish-red, yellow-tipped, straight except for the
at first on newer growth, none of them hooked; FI. much longer lowest one which is to 13 cm lg.,
dark yellow; Fr. red.—USA (S. California) to contorted and hooked; FI. 4-6 cm lg., yellow to
Mexico (N. Baja California). Also regarded as a orange.—Mexico (Baja California, N. of Laguna
variety of F. acanthodes, but it is more slender and Seca Chapala).
more freely offsetting than the latter.
F. townsendianusBr. & R.
F. santamaría Br. & R.: Ferocactus townsendianus Bo. shortly cylindric, to 40 cm h. ; Ri. c. 16, often
v. santamaría(Br. & R.) Linds. spiralled or wavy; Ar. large, distant; Rsp. 14-16,
spreading, 3-4 cm lg., mostly bristle-like except
F. schwarziiLinds. sometimes 2, more subulate; Csp. all subulate,
Bo. solitary, + spherical, to 80 cm h., to 50 cm 0 ; banded, grey, one bent or hooked; FI. c. 6 cm lg.,
Ri. 13-19, acute, to 5.5 cm h., pale green; Ar.light pink in the middle, with a greenish-yellow
brownish at first, with pale orange Gl.; Sp.scarcely border.—Mexico (Gulf of California, San José Is.),
differentiated, at first 3-4-5, later mostly 1-3, v. santamaria(Br. & R.) Linds. : Bo.to 60 cm h. ;
1.5- 5.5 cm lg., only slightly curving, yellow at first, Ri.c. 14; Rsp. only threadlike; Csp. in 2 Ser., 1
then horn-coloured, slightly banded, + terete; FI. 5 main Sp. flatter, ascending, curving above, all
cm lg., 4 cm 0 , yellow; Fr. reddish, not opening grey, banded, subulate; FI.7 cm lg., yellow; Fr.
below.—Mexico (N. Sinaloa). to 4 cm lg.—Mexico (Baja California, shores of
Santa Maria Bay).
F. stainesii(Flook.) Br. & R.
Bo. soon becoming cylindric, offsetting; St. to F. uncinatus (Gal.) Br. & R. : Giandulicactus
1.5- 3 m h., to 60 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 18; Rsp.c. 5 or more, uncinatus(Gal.) Backbg.

173
FEROCACTUS—FRAILEA

F. victoriensis(Rose) Backbg. was typical (see descriptions as well as line-

Bo. divergent from that of F. echidne by its drawings of seeds). Almost all the species offset
eventually more cylindric and more freely off­ when older.
setting habit; Sp. longer, more brittle; flowering Until quite recently the genus received little
Ar. oblong; Csp. to 9 cm lg.; FI. yellow; Fr. with attention and the question of species-delimitation
ciliate Sc. (margins entire in F. echidne).—Mexico is therefore insufficiently clarified. It is therefore
(near Ciudad Victoria). necessary to start from the basis of the original
descriptions, the principal features of which I have
F. viridescens(Torr. & Gray) Br. & R. reproduced below. The divergent forms of F.
Bo. spherical to stoutly cylindric, to 45 cm h., to 35 castanea (the type-species), together with the names
cm 0 , simple or offsetting, deep green, + glossy; F. pseudograhliana and F. pseudopulcherrima, are
Ri. 13-21, + wavy, to 2 cm h.; flowering Ar. with proof enough of the inadequate data available as to
red Gl.; Rsp.9-20, to 2 cm lg., ± spreading; Csp.4, the variability of some species. We are also still
flattened below, sometimes + curving, to 3.5 cm lacking information on the typical shape and
lg.; FI. 4 cm lg., yellowish-green; Fr. 2 cm lg., colour of the seeds in some species, although hat
reddish.—USA (California), Mexico (N. Baja and cap shapes can be distinguished. Fruit-
California). development from the bud-stage has also not been
v. littoralisG. Linds.-C. & S.J. (US), XXXVI: clarified. Perhaps the seed-colour changes or
1, 8-11. 1964. Bo. eventually elongated- darkens in some species after the opening of the
spherical, to 30 cm h., 18 cm 0, mostly simple; fruit. Studies are still continuing in some cases on
Ri. c. 21-34; Sp. 22-33, terete, banded, some­ the extent of variability of shape.—Distribution:
what curving, straw to ± flesh-coloured; FI. From S. Brazil and Uruguay through N. and SE.
greenish-yellow, funnelform, c. 3 cm lg., 2.5 cm Argentina and Paraguay, to Bolivia and into
0; Fr.reddish to yellowish, spherical, c. 15 mm Colombia from which Werdermann gave a reliable
0; S. 1.5 mmlg., black.—Mexico (Baja Califor­ report of a wild population. [(R).]
nia, coastal zone N. of Enseñada to Misión
Santo Domingo. Found by H. E. Gates.in 1930). F.alacriportanaBackbg. & Voll
An interesting and fairly densely spined variety. Bo.cylindric, offsetting freely, green; St.to 6 cm h.,
2 cm 0; Tub. in c.18 R.; Rsp.bristly fine,!-5 mm
F. viscainensis Gat.: Ferocactus peninsulae v. lg., grey; Csp. 2, one above the other, ochre or
viscainensis(Gat.) Linds. chocolate-colour, 1-7 mm lg.; FI. light yellow.—
Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul). (Fig. 123: 10, 12, 19.)
F.wislizenii(Eng.) Br. & R. (T.) Krainz regarded the spec, as identical with F.
Bo.spherical at first, becoming cylindric, to 2 m h., gracillima which has FI. red inside, and an ashen
simple; Ri.to 25, 3 cm h.; Ar.brown, distant; Rsp. greyish-green Bo.; moreover F. gracillima mostly
bristly or finely acicular, to 5 cm lg.; Csp. several, remains simple and has amber-coloured Sp.
white to red, subulate, banded, one of these much
stouter, flattened, strongly hooked, to 15 cm lg.; FI. F.albiareolataBuin. & Bred.
to 6 cm lg., yellow to reddish; Fr. to 5 cm lg., Bo.simple, to 3.5 cm 0 and 2 cm h., dark green; Ri.
yellow; S. matt black.—USA (Texas to Arizona), vertical, c. 20,4-5 mm apart, tuberculate; Ar. 1.5-2
Mexico (in the N., to Baja California). mm lg., densely white-woolly, later glabrous; Sp.
glassy, somewhat reddish-brown, later light brown,
F. wislizenii v. tiburonensis Linds.: Ferocactus stiff; Rsp. 15—16, radiating; Csp. 1-4, dark brown;
tiburonensis(Linds.) Backbg. FI.funnelform, 25 mm lg., yellow; stylewhite, with
7 very papillose white Sti.; Fr. with Ar., greyish-
Floresia Ritt.: an undescribed name for Weber- white H. and light brown Br.; S.cap-shaped, with a
bauerocereusBackbg. semi-glossy chestnut-brown testa.—Uruguay (W.
of Tacuarembó towards Paysandu, among sparse
grass on scree).
Frailea Br. & R. (112)
F. albicolumnarisRitt.
Rather small plants, spherical to oblong, with rows Bo.columnar, 4-6 cm h., 20-26 mm br.; Ri.21-24,
of fine tubercles or low ribs, the epidermis light divided into Tub. c. 1 mmh.;Ar, brown, 1-1.5 mm
green to brown. Flowers differing in size, usually lg., 1.5 mm apart; Sp.white, reddish-brown below,
moderately large, always yellow, mostly not sharp, curving downwards; Rsp. 14-18, 3-5 mm
opening at all, i.e. they set seeds cleistogamously. lg.; Csp. 2-4, 4.4 mm lg., yellow; FI,with the Fil.
Kalian investigated a number of species and found inserted c. 2 mm above the base; Pet.25 mm lg., 5-7
most of them distinct, even where the seed-shape mm br., long-tapering, sulphur-yellow; S. dark
174
 FRAILEA

iiackish-brown, smooth, glossy, 2 mm lg., 2.5 mm yellow; Sti. 11, creamy-yellowish; Fr. yellowish-
?r.—Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Livramento). green at maturity, spindle-shaped, 6 mm 0 ; S. 2
White columnar F.) mm 0 , brown, spherical or cap-shaped.—Origin ?
(Fig. 117, 123: 5.)
F. albifuscaRitt. (FR 1392) v. winkelmanniana Kilian n.v.: Differentiated
¡Differentiated from F. gracillima by the twisted from the type as follows: FI.longer, broader, c.
ISp.: Rsp.8-11, 3-4 mm lg.; Csp. 2-5, 5-10 mm lg.; 2.5 cm lg., c. 3.5 cm 0 , the slender lanceolate Pet.
FI.c. 35 mm lg., and 0 ; Tu. mid-green inside for 3 being 3 mm br.; Tu. 1 cm longer than the type,
mm below, then sulphur-yellow for 4 mm, with Fil. Br. fewer, the white H. similarly; Ov. red; Fr.
nserted only in the green section of the Tu.; An. dark green, + glabrous.
golden-yellow; S. brown.—Uruguay. (White to
reddish-brown F.) F. castaneaBackbg.
Bo. flattened-spherical and vivid brown in plants
F. asperispinaRitt. (FR 1368) on their own roots, grafted plants are more
Bo. simple, cylindric, 2-5 cm. h., 10—25 mm 0 , spherical and also + brownish-green; Ri. 10-15,
green; Ri. 14-19, tuberculate, 0.5-1 mm h.; Ar. flat, not tuberculate; Ar. with scarcely visible felt,
>.6—1 mm lg., 1-2 mm apart; Rsp. white, sharp, not white; Sp. mostly (7 )8 (-11), minute, reddish
•cabrous, 8-13, 1.5-3 mm lg.; Csp.0; FI.40 mm lg., at first, then black, mostly appressed downwards;
35 mm 0 ;Ov.with dense red Sc., with dense white FI.c. 4 cm lg. and 0 , yellow, with brownish wool
■vool and brown Br.; Tu. 7 mm lg., light yellow and Br.; Fil.red below; S. glossy brownish-black,
nside, greenish below, yellow and brown outside; compressed hat-shape.—S. Brazil to N. Uruguay.
Fil. light yellow; An. pale golden-yellow; Sti.7-9, (Fig. 118,123: 2.)
oale yellow; Pet.lanceolate, 25 mm lg., 5-6 mm br., My name is older than that of Werdermann (F.
iulphur-yellow; Fr. green, spherical; S. blackish- asterioides); later endeavours to reverse this cannot
vrown, smooth, glossy,—Brazil (Rio Grande do be justified, but it probably shows that this is a
Sul, Sao Pedro). (Rough-spined F.) rather variable species. Plants have been found
more recently with more distinctly white Ar., with
F. asterioides Werd.: FraileacastaneaBackbg. clusters of Sp. pressed downwards or sometimes
slightly projecting, while the body-colour varies
F. aurea Backbg.: Frailea pygmaea v. aurea from pure bluish-green to a reddish-brown tinge.
Backbg.) Backbg. Other plants have clusters of Sp. as wide as the Ri.,
the latter also being slightly tuberculate. There is
F. aureispinaRitt. (FR 1386) even a form in which the FI. is said to have a red
Bo.cylindric, light green 15-25 mm br., simple; Ri. throat. We now know, through the Bolivian spec.
13—18,0.5-1 mm h., tuberculate; Ar.0.8 mm lg., 0,5 F. uhligiana, that colour may be inconstant. It has
mm br., brownish-red, 1-1.5 mm apart ; Sp. light first to be established with F. castanea whether any
yellow; Rsp. 10-13, 3-4 mm lg., sharp, acicular, further subdivision is practicable. In the Marnier
straight; Csp. absent or 1-2; FI. 4 cm lg.; Ov. collection I saw seedlings grafted on Peireskiopsis
covered with grey wool and brown H.; Tu. pale which had a constantly brown coloration!
yellow inside, yellowish-green outside; S. almost
biack.—Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Quarai and F. cataphracta(Dams) Br. & R. (T.)
northwards). (Golden-spined F.) Bo. depressed-spherical, to 4cm 0 , simple at first,
v. pallidiorRitt.: distinguished by the Ar. being later offsetting, fresh green; Tub.in 15 R.,flat, with
rather longer and grey-felty; Sp. paler; Pet. a crescent-shaped, red or brown or violet mark
sulphur-yellow.—Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, under the Ar.; Rsp. 5, directed downwards, thin,
Livramento and eastwards). appressed, golden-yellow at first, to 2 mm lg.; Csp.
0; FI. 3.8 cm lg. and br., the breadth apparently
F. carminifilamentosa Kilian—Descr. Cact. Nov. variable, with light grey wool; Sep. greenish-
HI: 6. 1963. yellow; Pet. light yellow; Fr. 4 m m 0 , with light
Bo. spherical, green to violet-brown, c. 3.5 cm 0 ; brown H.; S. 2 mm lg., glossy, blackish-brown.—
Ri. with 6-sided flat Tub. in c. 17 R.; Ar. white to Paraguay. (Fig. 123:1.)
yellowish; Rsp. 12, clustered; Csp. 2; all Sp. 4 mm
g.. ochre-brownish at first, later projecting and F. cataphractoidesBackbg. n.sp.
interlacing, straight, wavy or ± bent; Fl.1.8 cmlg., Bo. small-spherical (offsetting?), leaf-green, to c.
2cm 0 ; Sep. reddish-brownish; Pet.light yellow, 2.5 cm 0 ; Ri. completely resolved into minute
striped carmine at the sides below; Tu. green with Tub., with a violet-red tint below the Ar. or in the
reddish Sc., ochre to light yellow Br. and white lower half of the Tub., but not crescent-shaped; Sp.
wool; Fil. carmine below, yellow above; style to c. TO, thin, somewhat curving, to 4 mm lg., +
175
FRAILEA

appressed or somewhat projecting, scaberulous, and Pet. lanceolate; An. yellow; style and Sti.
pale brown at first, then grey or darker, or hyaline cream; Fr. 18 mm lg., 12 mm br., with greyish-
and brown-tipped.—Bolivia (salt-dunes near San white H. and long brown Br.; S. boat-shaped,
José, on the Paraguayan frontier) (Coll. Uhlig, U chestnut-brown.—Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, N.
2181 ; found by Father Hammerschmid). of Santiago, on flat rocks).

F. chiquitanaCard. F. dadakii Fric: Fraileapygmaea v. dadakii (Fric)

Bo. solitary or forming flat cushions, with a large Backbg.
R., yellowish-green; St. to c. 3 cm 0, sometimes
elongated ; Ri. c. 24, made up of connected small F. deminutaBuin. & Bred. 1973
Tub. ; Ar.dark brown, with several white H. ; Rsp. Bo. simple, flat, to 1 cm h., 2.5 cm 0 , dark green;
pectinate, in 4-5 pairs, bristly, hyaline, to 3 mm lg. ; Ri.17-20, vertical, in Tub. 3 mm 0 ; Ar. 1.5 mm lg.,
Csp. 1-3, 3 mm lg., thickened below, dark brown; 1 mm br., 1.5 mm apart, with light brown felt, later
FI. to 2 cm lg. and 0, light yellow; Tu. with white glabrous; Sp. thin, amber-coloured; Rsp. c. 15,
H. and brown Br. ; S.2 mm lg., glossy, dark brown, 3.5—4 mm lg., radiating, pectinate; Csp. to 2, often
a rimless cap-shape.—E. Bolivia (Montana Divi missing, projecting, ± curving, darker than the
Miserato). (Fig. 119, 123: 3.) [Haage adds: Rsp.; FI.funnelform, lemon-yellow, 18 mm lg., 20
Probably identical with F. pullispina (Lau).] mm br., with Br. and H. outside; Sep. and Pet.
spatulate, mucronate; style9 mm lg., white with 4
F. colombiana(Werd.) Backbg. cream Sti.; Fr. 13 mm lg., with light brown Br. and
Bo.simple, to offsetting and forming cushions, leaf- H.; S. cap-shaped, 1.5-1.7 mm lg., with a glossy
green ; St.spherical to ± ovoid, to 4 cm 0 ;Tub.in brownish-black testa.—Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul,
17-18 R.; Ar. to 5 mm apart, with whitish or N. of Livramento, at c. 340 m on stony hills, among
brownish felt ; Rsp. 15-20, bristly, to 4 mm lg. ; Csp. grass).
2-5, one of these to 6 mm lg., scarcely distinguish­
able from the Rsp.; all Sp. yellowish, darker- F.friedrichiiBuin. & Moser
tipped; FI. 2.5 cm lg., pure yellow or greenish- Bo. mostly solitary, to 3 x 3 cm, dark green to
yellow; Pet. lanceolate, tapering, revolute; Tu. coppery-red; Ri.to 19, divided into Tub. 4 mm 0 ;
with whitish-grey wool and brown Br.—Colombia Ar. oval, with some light brown felt; Sp. ± dis­
(Dagua). (Fig. 123: 6.) tant, sometimes curving and pectinate, 6 on each
side, with a smaller Csp.above and below, all 3 mm
F.concepcionensisBuin. & Moser lg., reddish to horn-coloured; FI. funnelform, 23
Bo. forming groups, 2.5-8 cm 0 , to 1.75 cm h., mm lg. and br., yellow; Ov. 4 mm lg. and br., with
green ; Ri. to 13, divided into small round reddish Br. and white H.; Rec. c. 3-4 mm lg., with Br. and
Tub. ; Ar. oval, to 2 mm lg., with a little white to white H.; Sep. spatulate, pointed above, with a
yellowish felt; Sp. 8-10, spreading, projecting, 3-5 golden-yellow stripe; Pet. spatulate, yellow; style
mm, lg., light yellowish; Csp. rarely 1; FI. funnel- yellowish-white, with 8 similarly coloured Sti.; Fr.
form, 24 mm lg. and br., light lemon-yellow; 6-8 m m 0, with Br. and woolly H.; S.cap-shaped,
Sep.5-11 mmlg., spatulate, mucronate ; Pet. 13-15 black, slightly glossy, 1.5 x 1.2 mm.—E. Paraguay
mm lg., spatulate, with an acicular tip, with a finely (near Chololo-i).
notched margin; styleyellowish-white, with 8 light Named for A. M. Friedrich, discoverer of a number
yellow Sti.; Fr. green, with fleshy reddish little Sc. of these Fraileas as well as new spec, of Gymno-
and white woolly FI. and Br. ; S. cap-shaped, with calycium.
a light brown glossy testa.—Paraguay (near the
airstrip at Concepción, along the Rio Paraguay, F.fulvisetaBuin. & Bred.
among grass and shrubs). Found 1966 by A. M. Bo. dark green, simple, 7 cm lg., or 11 cm lg. down
Friedrich of Asunción. to the neck-like R.-constriction, 2.2-3 cm 0 ; R.
napiform; Ri. to 20, 2-3 mm apart, divided into
F.curvispinaBuin. & Bred. round Tub. to 2 mm h., 2-3 mm 0 ; Ar. 2-3 mm
Bo. simple, cylindric, to 5 cm h. and 3 cm br., + apart at first, later to 1 mm, oval, with woolly,
greyish-green; Ri. c. 32, vertical, c. 2 mm apart, golden-yellow hairlets at first, becoming glabrous;
divided into small round Tub. 1 mm h. and 2 mm Sp. golden-brown, 1.5-2 mm lg., thin, radiating to
br. ; Ar.oval, with some yellow felt, soon glabrous ; pectinate, mostly downwardly directed; Rsp.
Sp.in a dense web around the Bo., brush-like in the 6—7(—8) on each side, thickened below; Csp. 2, one
crown, ± bent and tangled, white to yellowish, pointing upwards, the other downwards, c. 1.5 mm
hyaline, greyish-brown below; Rsp. c. 14, 4-6 mm lg., thickened below; FI.funnelform, 34 mm lg., 38
lg. ; Csp. 1, of the same length ; FI. 30 mm lg., 26 mm mm br., yellow; Tu. scaly, with yellowish-brown
br., yellow ; Ov.bristly above, glabrous below ; Sep. Br. and H.; Sep. pointed-spatulate, margin
176
 FRAILEA

smooth; Pet. spatulate, pointed, 5.5 mm br., I brownish-black, slightly glossy.—Paraguay (near
margin denticulate; style 15 mm lg., white; Sti. I San Ignacio).
9, white, papillose, 4 mm lg.; Fil. whitish; An.
yellow; Fr. oval with light brown bristly Ar. and F. knippeliana(Quehl) Br. & R.
H.; S. cap-shaped, with a glossy blackish-brown Bo.cylindric, simple, 4 cm lg., 2 cm 0 , bright grass-
testa.—Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, near Sao green (Quehl), glossy; Tub. in c. 15 R„ flat, 3 mm
Francisco de Assis, at 100-200 m, in humous-rich br.; Ar. yellowish, with white H. projecting
soil between broken rocks. Discovered by Horst in through the felt but soon dropping; Rsp. 14, ±
1969). appressed; Csp. 2, indistinguishable at first, 3-5
mm lg.; Sp. amber-coloured at first, the Csp.
F. gracillima(Monv. ex Lem.) Br. & R. becoming darker; FI.to 2.5 cm lg., with a red stripe
Bo. slender-cylindric, ashen grey to green, to 10 cm outside; Pet.light yellow; S. 1-2 mm lg., chestnut-
h., to 2.5 cm 0 ; Tub. in c.13 R., round, 2 mm h.; brown.—Paraguay. (Fig. 123: 9.)*
Ar. white at first; Rsp. to 16, light, to 1.5 mm lg.,
thin, + appressed; Csp. mostly 2, darker, project­ F.lepidaBuin. & Bred. 1973
ing, to 5mm lg.; FI.3 cm lg., yellow; Pet.carmine at Bo. simple, cylindric, to 5 cm lg., 1-1.5 cm 0 , dark
the base; Tu. with white wool and brown Br.; Fr.6 to blackish-green; Ri. to 18, vertical, divided into
mm 0 , greenish; S. glossy, yellowish-brown.— round Tub.; Ar.at the tip of the Tub., 1mm lg., c. 2
Paraguay. (Fig. 123: 10.) mm apart, white-woolly, becoming glabrous; Rsp.
18-20, radiating, 1.5-2 mm lg., thin, white; Csp.
F. grahliana(Hge. Jr.) Br. & R. 2-4, directed vertically upwards, 2.5-3 mm lg.,
Bo. flattened-spherical, quite freely offsetting, to 4 brown, stouter than the Rsp.; FI. funnelform, 19
cm br., brownish-green; Tub. in 13 R., scarcely 2 mm lg., 22 mm br., yellow, with light brown Br. and
mmh., round; Ar.elliptic; Sp.9—11, not appressed, greyish-white H. outside; Sep. spatulate, 9-10 mm
yellow at first, to 3.5 mm lg.; FI.4 cm br., yellow; lg., lemon-yellow; Pet. pointed, glossy, lemon-
Fr.yellowish, with yellowish wool and yellow Sp.; yellow; Fil. light yellow; An. yellow; style light
S. glossy chestnut-brown, cap-shaped.—Paraguay yellow, with 5-6 yellowish-white Sti.; Fr.8 mm 0 ;
(Rio Paraguari) and Argentina (Misiones, Santa S. cap-shaped, testa glossy, brownish-black.—
Ana). (Fig. 123: 8.) Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, W. of Dom Pedrito, E.
This spec, is said to produce smaller Fr. from the of Livramento, c. 200 m, among dense pampa grass
bud-stage, these containing fewer S., without any on broken rocks). Found by L. Horst.
An. being present. Further investigation required,
v. rubrispina Y. Ito: reputedly a form with F.mammifera Buin. & Bred.
brownish-red Sp. Bo. simple, rarely offsetting, c. 3 cm h., to 2.5 cm
br., glossy dark green; Ri. to 17, c. 3 mm br.,
F. horstiiRitt. (FR 1353) divided conspicuously into round or broad,
Bo. longer than in F. gracillima; Ri. 20-33; Rsp. sometimes + tapering Tub. 2-3 mm h., to 2.5 mm
15-20; Csp. 3-6, brown; FI. 4 cm lg., 5 cm 0 when br. below, blackish-green on the underside; Ar. on
open; Tu. 4-5 mm lg.; Pet. 27 mm lg., 2.5—4 mm the upper side of the Tub., oval, 1.25-1.50 mm lg., 1
br., ± linear.—Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, mm br., with golden-brown felt at first, later
Cacapava). glabrous; Sp. spreading to directed sideways or ±
pectinate, 3 on either side, sometimes 1-2 directed
F.ignacionensisBuin. & Moser downwards, with fine golden-yellow H., later dirty
Bo. simple, 2.5-3 cm h., 4-4.5 cm br., green; Ri.to white, 2.5-3 mm lg,; Csp. absent; FI. funnelform,
18, divided into flat Tub. 6 mm 0 ; Ar. oval, with light yellow, 25 mm lg. and 0 ; Pet. light yellow,
brown felt; Sp. ± pectinate, 5 on each side, one with a red fleck below; Fr. 17 mm lg., 10 mm br.,
shorter Sp. below and one or several small Ssp. spherical; S. boat-shaped, glossy, chestnut-
above, to 5 mm lg., light to reddish-brown; Csp. brown.—Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, N. of Pedrito,
mostly 1, to 4 mm lg., darker reddish-brown; FI. c. 250 m, on grassy, rather rocky, sites). Discovered
funnelform, 24-30 mm lg., 20— 45 mm br., sulphur- by L. Horst.
yellow; pericarpel 5.5 mm lg., 4 mm br., with light
brown Br. and white H., the 3 mm lg. Rec. * G. Moser, Austria (Nat. Cact. & Sue. J., G.B., 1977)
similarly; Sep.spatulate, pointed above, whitish to reports: Spec, re-collected by A. M. Friedrich of
pale yellow; Pet.similarly but longer and broader, Paraguay, after apparently being lost, and he sent it to
sulphur-yellow; style 10 mm lg., yellowish-white; Moser for study. Plant offsets freely, but only when older;
simple plants produce large FI., while those of caespitose
Sti. 5, 2 mm lg., yellowish-white; Fil. yellowish- specimens are smaller and slender.—This tallies with the
white; An, yellow; Fr. spherical, 5-6 mm 0 , with first description of the FI. (Quehl. MfK. 1926). [Trans­
light brown Br. and grey H.; S. cap-shaped, lator.]

177
FRAILEA

F.matoana Buin. & Bred. Bo. mostly depressed-spherical, offsetting later,

Bo. simple, depressed-spherical, to 11 mm h., 25 deep green; Tub. in c. 15 R., round, flat; Sp. c. 10,
mm 0 , red to dark brown; Ri.c. 15, divided into thin, 3 mm lg., spreading and sometimes recurved,
small, ± square Tub.; Ar. oval, to 2 mm lg.,1 mm brown at first, then more greyish; FI.funnelform, c.
br., with greyish-white felt, c. 2 mm apart; Sp. 2 cm lg., 3 cm 0 , with grey wool and brown Sp.—
radiating, ± pectinate, 4 to either side,!-2 directed Uruguay. (Fig. 123: 4, 18.)
downwards, sometimes with 1-2 smaller upwardly In "Die Cact.”, Vol. Ill, I showed in Fig. 1593 a
directed Sp.; Csp. sometimes 1, shorter, straight; plant which may be this spec.: Sp. sometimes fewer
all Sp.rust-coloured; FI.funnelform, 21 mm lg., 20 than 10, FI. somewhat smaller; but variable FI.-size
mm 0 , yellow;Tu. with white H., and light brown has already been remarked in Frailea by other
Br. 11 mm lg.; Sep.spatfilate, 6-13 mm lg.; style12 authors.
mm lg., yellowish-white, with 8 Sti.; Fil.yellow; Fr.
5-6 mm lg., 6-7 mm br.; S. chestnut-brown.— F.pulcherrima(Ar.) Backbg.
Brazil (Mato Grosso (hence the specific name), Bo. to 5 cm h., to 2 cm 0 , dark green; Ri. 19-21,
Serra de Maracaju, at 270-300 m, on sandy soil low, with flat Tub.; Rsp. 10-12, white, 1-2 mm lg.;
among grass and small shrubs). Found by W. Csp.0-1, somewhat stouter; FI.to 2 cm lg., to 3 cm
Uebelmann and L. Horst, 1967. 0 , yellow; Fr. 1 cm lg.—Uruguay (Paso de los
Toros). (Fig. 123: 13?)
F.moserianaBuin. & Bred. The Rsp. may also vary to light brownish.
Bo. forming groups, single heads to 3.5 cm 0 and
to 2.5 cm h., green; Ri. to 15, divided into round
Tub., each with a lunate fleck beneath it; Ar.round, F. pullispina Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 6.
with dirty yellow felt, soon becoming glabrous; Sp. 1963
concealing the crown, radiating, curving somewhat Bo. simple, subspherical, bluish-green, to c. 3.5 cm
to the Bo., ± pectinate, 5 to each side, to 5 mm lg., 0 , c. 2.5 cm h.; Ri.c. 22, to 4 mm br., divided by
lowest one shorter; Csp. sometimes 1, to 4 mm lg., acute transverse notches into oval Tub.; Ar. with
projecting upwards; FI.24 mm lg., light yellow; S. dirty white felt, somewhat elongated, c. 2 mm
cap-shaped, glossy, chestnut-brown.—E. Para­ apart; Rsp. to c. 12, appressed, recurved, dark
guay (near Yta-Ybate, on the high plateau). brown, somewhat lighter above; Csp. 0; bud with
Discovered by A. M. Friedrich of Asuncion. light greyish-white wool and reddish-brown Br.;
FI. c. 3 cm 0 , yellow; S. glossy blackish, rim­
F. perumbilicataRitt. (FR 1385) less capshaped.—Bolivia (Roboré). (Fig. 120
Bo. spherical, simple, 2-3 cm 0 ; Ri. 16-19, above.)
tuberculate, ± flat; Ar. brownish, 0.7 mm lg., 2-3 v. atrispina Backbg., l.c.: Distinguished as
mm apart; Sp.brown, sharply acicular, twisted, ± follows: more frequently has 4 instead of 5(— 6)
spreading; Rsp. 6-10, 2-3 mm lg.; Csp. mostly pairs of Rsp., these blackish-brown, sometimes
absent, occasionally 1; FI. 34—40 mm lg.; Ov. with a very fine upper one, predominantly
covered with white wool and dark red Br.; Tu. thickened below.—Bolivia (San Juan). (Fig. 120
green below, yellow above, 7 mm lg.; Fil. mid­ below);
yellow, lower ones 12 mm lg., upper ones 6 mm; v. centrispina Backbg., l.c.: Differs as follows:
styleyellow.—Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, between epidermis darker bluish-green; Ar. with more
Livramento and Passo da Garda), white wool persisting longer; later often 1Csp.in
v. spinosiorRitt.: distinguished by its 14—18 Ri., the upper part of the Ar., sometimes even a
with the Ar. 1.5-2 mm apart; Rsp. 8-11, paler, second one which is fine; Sp.all dark brown, not
with a further 1-3 Ssp.—Brazil (Rio Grande do blackish.—Bolivia (Roboré-Santiago). (Fig.
Sul, Livramento and northwards). 121.) [Haage adds: Acc. Lau, identical with F.
chiquitana.]
F. phaeodisca Spec.: Fraileapygmaea var. phaeo-
disca(Speg.) Y. Ito. F.pumila(Lem.) Br. & R.
Bo. spherical, offsetting freely, deep green, some­
F. pseudograhliana Fric & Krzgr.: not validly times reddish; Ri. 13-15, + finely tuberculate; Ar.
described. The plant cultivated under this name is small; Rsp. (9—)12—14, to 5mm lg., bristly, mostly
light green, with lanceolate Ar., blackish-brown bent; Csp. 1— 2(— 3), scarcely distinguishable; FI. 2
Sp. and a similarity to F. schilinzkyana (Hge. Jr.) cm lg., with white wool and brown Br.; Pet.yellow,
Br. & R. + spatulate, sometimes rounded above, little
recurving; Fr. pea-sized, green, with red Sc.; S.
F. pseudopulcherrima (hort.) Borg (1951), validly black (?blackish-brown), cap-shaped.—Paraguay
described by Y. Ito (1957). and adjacent areas of Argentina. (Fig. 123: 7.)
178
 FRAILEA—GLANDULICACTUS

F.pygmaea (Speg.) Br. & R. hyaline; FI.funnelform, 30 mm lg. and 0 , lemon-

Bo. simple to offsetting, spherical to slightly yellow; pericarpel 8 mm lg., 5 mm br., glabrous
elongated, to c. 3 cm lg. and 0 , dirty to light below, with brown Br. and white H. in the upper
greyish-green; Ri. 13-21, with minute Tub.; Ar. part; Rec.5 mm lg., with similar indumentum; Sep.
grey ; Sp.6-9,bristly, 1—4 mm lg., appressed, white ; spatulate, mucronate, dirty yellow with a green
FI.to 2.5 cm lg., 3 cm 0 ; Pet. yellow, lanceolate; stripe; Pet. spatulate, pointed, finely ciliate, light
Tu.with reddish felt and Br. ; Fr.spherical ; S.cap- lemon-yellow; style10 mm lg., light yellow; Sti.5, 3
shaped.—Uruguay, Argentina (Entre Rios). (Fig. mm lg., yellowish-white; Fil. light yellow; An. 1
123: 16.) mm lg., yellow; Fr. spherical, 7 mm 0 , with light
v. atrofuscaBackbg. : Sp.dark reddish-brown at brown Br. and white H.; S. cap-shaped, dark
first ; brown, semi-glossy, testa with flat Tub.—Paraguay
v. aurea (Backbg.) Backbg.: Ar. brown(!); Sp. (near Ytá-Ybaté, SE. of Asunción, in red sandy soil
golden-yellow ; among stones).
v. dadakii (Fric) Backbg. : Sp. brownish at first,
becoming whitish, fairly strongly appressed (Fig.
123:16);
v. phaeodisca (Speg.) Y. Ito: Ar. brown(!); Sp. Glandulicactus Backbg. (213)
hyaline.—Uruguay (Tacuarembó).
The first 3 of these varieties have only been A group of species with distinctive characters,
reported from Uruguay (Montevideo area). An regarded by Britton & Rose and also by Hester as
interesting and attractively variable spec. an independent genus: ribs very tuberculate, with
elongated areoles, flower-insertion close to the
F. schilinzkyana(Hge. Jr.) Br. & R. body, glands nearer the spine-clusters. The main
Bo. broadly spherical, offsetting to form mats, spines are relatively long and brightly coloured, the
single heads to e. 4cm 0 , light green ; Tub.in 10-13 flowers fairly small and semi-funnelform with a
R.. 6-sided to + round, c. 1.5 mm h.; Ar. very short tube and the petals erect; the black seeds
ianceolate; Sp. (10—)12—14, appressed to + pro­ are laterally compressed and curved to ± kidney­
jecting, 2-3mm lg., thin, blackish ; FI.to 3.5cm lg., shaped; the fleshy fruit is edible.—Distribution:
rarely opening, but then fairly large; Tu. and Ov. USA (W. Texas) to Central Mexico. [(G).]
green with white wool, brown Br. and brownish
Sc. : Sep. reddish outside; Pet. sulphur-yellow; Fr. G. crassihamatus(Web.) Backbg.
5 mm 0 ; S. chestnut-brown, cap-shaped.— Bo. ± subspherical, bluish-green, simple; Ri.c.13,
Argentina (Misiones), Paraguay (Rio Paraguari). ± deeply tuberculate; Ar. to 1 cm lg., 8 mm br.,
iFig. 123: 17.) very felty, with Gl. close to the Sp.-cluster; Rsp. 8,
to 2 cm lg.; Csp. 1 at first, later to 5, stoutly
F. uhligiana Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 6. subulate, one main Sp. to 3 cm lg., porrect, hooked;
1963. Sp. ± red, lighter or flecked above; FI. only half­
Bo. simple, plants cultivated in the open reddish- open, 2 cm lg., purple, bordered lighter.—Mexico
brown to suffused red, gradually becoming greener (Queretaro).
when in a glasshouse, to c. 3.5 cm 0 , 2.5 cm h. ; Ri.
to c. 25, to 5 mm br., not really tuberculate but G. uncinatus(Gal.) Backbg. (T.)
appearing slightly so at first because of weak Bo. oblong, with spindle-shaped R., to c. 20 cm h.;
horizontal furrows which eventually become Ri. mostly c. 13, deeply indented; Ar. with the
flatter, leaving only slight protuberances; Ar. ± typical Gl., large, flat, yellow, with a ring of yellow
glabrous, with very little brown felt ; Rsp.4-5 pairs, H. ;Rsp.7-8,2.5-5 cm lg., the upper ones flattened,
very fine, c. 2 mm lg., light brown at first, darker straw to yellow, the lower ones terete, hooked, red;
below; Csp. 0; buds with light brownish wool; FI. Csp.to 4, the 3 upper ones to 2.5 cm lg., robust, the
yellow, 3 cm 0 ; S. blackish, rounded cap-shaped, lowest one very long, to over 9 cm lg., flattened,
with a rim.—Bolivia (San José). (Fig. 122.) mostly straw-coloured below, reddish above,
hooked; FI. to 2.5 cm lg., half-open, brownish-
F.ybatenseBuin. & Moser 1971 purple; Fr. ovoid, to 2.5 cm lg.; S. compressed,
Bo.simple, flattened-rounded, to 4 cm 0 , to 2.5 cm bent, glossy, to 1.4 mm lg.—Mexico (Chihuahua to
h., mid to dark green ; Ri.to 24, divided into Tub. 6 San Luis Potosí).
mm 0 , mostly reddish to violet; Ar. oval, with v. wrightii(Eng.) Backbg.: main Sp.longer, to 15
ivory felt; Sp. + curving, pectinate, radiating, 5 on cm lg., Csp. only 1; FI. to 3.5 cm lg., dark
either side, directed laterally, 1 each directed up purple.—USA (Texas) to N. Mexico (Chi­
and down ; Csp. rarely 1; all Sp. scaberulous, huahua). (Fig. 124.)
179
GRUSONIA—GYMNOCACTUS

Grusonia F. Reichb. (9) Gymnocactus Backbg. (203)

This genus is regarded as including only plants A group of species with very uniform characters:
resembling Cylindropuntia which, like the type of the spination is mostly finer and predominantly
the genus, have continuous ribs, spines with lighter, the tubercles are fairly slender so that the
reduced sheaths, and glochids present only in the ribs remain clearly recognisable, and the apex has
newest areoles and on the fruit; the flowers must be conspicuous light-coloured wool. The medium­
genuinely terminal, at least where solitary; in the sized flowers are mostly purple, otherwise pink or
type-species they are borne on the axis, and only white. The diagnostic characters are the naked
from shortly below that if the stem-tip is already ovary and fruit. The seeds are probably always
bearing another flower. No investigations have yet matt black. Another typical feature is the ± well-
been made to show whether all the species named developed elongated areole, which sometimes
below should in fact be regarded as belonging to appears like a short furrow, from which the flowers
Grusonia. G. hamiltonii Gates has not yet been arise. F. Buxbaum separated the species with a
completely validly described, and since its flowers neck-like root-constriction, and put them into his
arise more around than at the apex, it is possible genus Rapicactus F. Buxb. & Oehme; but this
that this plant is better referred to Cylindropuntia segregation cannot be justified since roots of this
even although the ribs, which are somewhat type are well known in other genera, e.g. Weingar-
tuberculate, are continuous. 3 spec, have been tia, Neochilenia or Neoporteria; and there are no
referred to this genus.—Distribution: Mexico diagnostic differences in the floral characters. The
(Coahuila and Baja California). (Vigorous- Genus Turbinicarpus, with similarly naked flowers
growing.) and fruits, is closedly related to Gymnocactus but
the bodies are considerably smaller throughout, the
G. bradtiana(Coult.) Br. & R. (T.) spination is softer, with the spines mostly early
Bo.cylindric, forming large colonies to 2 m br.; St. deciduous, and the fruits have a minute lid.—
light green, segmented, to 7 cm 0 ; Ri. 8-10, low, Distribution: From NE. Mexico to Zacatecas and
slightly tuberculate; Ar. to 1.5 cm apart; Glo. Hidalgo. [(R): taprooted spec, are better grafted.]
present only in flowering Ar.; L. 8 mm lg.; Sp.
15-25, yellowish-brown, soon white, to 3 cm lg., G. aguirreanusGlass & Foster
Sh. missing; FI.to 4cm 0 , yellow; Ov.with bristle­ Bo. mostly simple, 5 cm h., 7 cm 0 , frosted; Ri.
like Sp., white wool and Glo.; Fr.ellipsoid, deeply often divided into thick lax Tub. T cm lg., 15 mm
umbilicate.—Mexico (Coahuila). (Fig. 125.) br., turning coppery or purplish-red in the sun,
epidermis rough, granular; Sp. orange-brown,
dense at the apex, upper ones brownish, orange-
G. (?) hamiltonii Gates (as yet without a Latin yellow below, becoming greyish-white with black
diagnosis) tips; Csp. 2 or more, like the Rsp., 12-15 mm lg.;
Bo. laxly branching, often prostrate; Ri. con­ FI. small, 18 mm lg., yellowish or reddish-yellow;
tinuous, slightly tuberculate, c. 8; Sp. 2-3 at first, Sep. and Pet. with a broad reddish M.-stripe and
short, later c. 12, thin, 1-2 Csp. to 1.5 cm lg., tip; Fr.a naked berry, bronze to greenish-purple, c.
directed downwards, ± compressed, pink below; 12 mm lg.; S. 1.5 mm lg., testa dark purplish-red to
FI.around the apex, yellow to white; Pet.tapering; black, with small Tub.—Mexico (S. Coahuila,
Fr. ?—Mexico (Baja California, Hamilton Ranch). Sierra de la Paila, Canon Verde, also in the
mountains of Cuatrocienegas).
G. (?) santamaríaBaxt.
Bo.cylindric, to 60 cm h.; St.to 3.75 cm 0 ; Ri.8-9, G. beguinii(Web.) Backbg.
slightly spiralled; Sp. c. 20, 8-12 cm lg., purple- Bo. simple, becoming oblong, bluish-green, to 15
reddish, occasionally with a short Sh.; FI. white cm h., to c. 8 cm 0 ; Ri.tuberculate, in Isp. 13: 21;
inside, with a pinkish-red M.-vein, on the 2nd day Ar.quite strongly white-woolly at first; Rsp.mostly
uniformly light pink; Fil. green; style white; Ov. 12, to 17 mm lg. or shorter; Csp. 1, to c. 3 cm lg.; Sp.
with spiny Br., wool and Glo., 2.5 cm lg., 1.2 cm hyaline, Csp. lighter below and above midway dark
0 . —Mexico (Baja California, Magdalena Is., S. brown to black and relatively stout; FI. to 3.5 cm
part of Santa Maria Bay). lg-, ± violet, to brownish inside.—Mexico
(Coahuila, Zacatecas).
v. senilis(hort.): Rsp. and Csp. longer, finer, the
Gymnantha Y. Ito (1957): Weingartia Werd. darker colour of the latter extending less far
(1937). down the Sp.; sometimes to 3 Csp.;
v. smithii(Miihlpfrdt.) Backbg.: Csp. 4, stouter,
Gymnanthocereus Backbg.: SeticereusBackbg. mostly rather shorter than in the type; Rsp. to c.
180
 G Y M N O C ACTUS-G YM N OCALYCIUM

25.—Mexico (San Luis Potosí). Bo. rather oblong, the taproot having a long neck,
single heads + clavate, to c. 5 cm lg. (or longer if
G. conothelos (Reg. & Klein) Backbg.: Thelocactus grafted), to c. 3 cm 0 , leaf-green; Ar. very white-
conothelos(Reg. & Klein) Knuth. woolly at first; Rsp. c. 16, to 6 mm lg., white,
radiating; Csp.2, one of them directed upwards, to
G. gielsdorfianus(Werd.) Backbg. 2 cm lg., blackish-grey, also several Br.-Sp. over 3
Bo. spherical, simple or rarely offsetting, matt cm lg., white, ± appressed; FI. c. 3 cm 0 , pinkish-
yellowish to bluish-green; Tub. conical to pyr­ violet.—Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas).
amidal, spiralled; Ar. with only a short furrow- [Locality amended by Haage.]
extension ; Rsp.6-8, thin-subulate, ± curving, to c.
2 cm lg., dark brown and blackish-tipped at first, G. vaidezianus (Moll.) Backbg. (“Die Cact.” V-
becoming chalky; Csp.mostly 0; FI. to c. 2.5 cm lg., 2863. 1961)
white.—Mexico (Tamaulipas, Jaumave). Bo. dwarf, with a taproot, rarely offsetting, single
heads to c. 2.5 cm 0 ; crown with white wool; Tub.
G. horripiius(Lem.) Backbg. in 13 spiralled R., slightly glossy, bluish-green,
Bo. offsetting quite freely to form groups, single minute; Sp. c. 30, to 2 mm lg., ± hairlike and
heads subspherical, ± bluish-green, to 9 cm h. and feathery, appressed; FI. to 2 cm lg., violet-pink.—
0 ; Tub. ± pyramidal, in Isp. 8: 13, scarcely 1 cm Mexico (Coahuila, near Saltillo).
Rsp. 9—12(—16), to 15 mm lg. or a little more; I refer the spec, to this genus since it lacks the
Csp. 1, sometimes missing, somewhat longer; Sp. hatchet-shaped Tub. characteristic of Pelecyphora.
all yellowish-white at first, reddish-brown above, v. albiflorus (Paz.) Backbg. n.comb. (Pele­
becoming white with a dark tip; FI. to 3 cm lg., cyphora valdeziana v. albiflora Paz., Kaktusy 129.
purple.—Mexico (Hidalgo, Barranca Meztitlan). 1960) has white FI.
G. viereckii(Werd.) Backbg.
G. knuthianus(Bod.) Backbg. Bo. simple or offsetting, to 7 cm 0 , bluish-green,
Bo. small, subspherical, sometimes offsetting, matt, subspherical; crown with dense white wool;
.'ingle heads to 6 cm 0 , glossy, dark leaf-green; Tub.in c. 15-18 ± continuous R., c. 6 mm h.; Rsp.
Tub. in 20 or more spiralled R.; flowering Ar. more c. 20, 1 cm lg., radiating, acicular, white; Csp. 4,
woolly; Rsp. 18-20, 8 mm lg., white, thin, with a cruciform, eventually over 2 cm lg., brown above
yellowish base at first; Csp. 1, to 1 cm lg., little midway, black-tipped, white below, sometimes
stouter, sometimes dark-tipped; FI. 2.5 cm lg., light also 1-3 rather shorter, finer Ssp.; FI. c. 2 cm lg.,
.dac-pink; Fr. ovoid, glossy green to brown.— delicate violet-pink.—Mexico (Tamaulipas). (Fig
Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Villar). 126.)
G. mandragora (Fríe) Backbg. G. ysabelae(K. Schlange) Backbg,
Bo. simple, spherical, to c. 6 cm 0 , greyish-green, Bo. depressed-spherical, to c. 6 cm h., 7-9 cm 0 ;
R. with a constricted neck; Tub. crowded, ± 4- crown woolly; Tub. in c. 20 R., 5 mm h., 4-angled
sided; Ar. white at first; Rsp. c. 12, radiating, below; Rsp. 16-20, to 7 mm lg., white, tipped
subulate, white; Csp. mostly 2, hyaline, brown- yellowish-brown, yellowish below; Csp. 1, stouter,
upped, c. 2 cm lg., often also 2 thinner Ssp.; FI. 2 cm curving upwards, to 9 mm lg., bluish to brownish-
ig.. 2.5 cm 0 , white, with a slender pink dorsal black above, white below, or dark + throughout;
stripe.—Mexico. FT. 1 cm lg., 0.75 cm 0 , ivory, greenish below.—
Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Rancho El Vergel),
G. saueri(Bod.) Backbg. (T.) v. brevispinus (K. Schlange) Backbg.: Tub.
Bo. simple, compressed-spherical, to 4 cm h., to c. 6 shorter, slighter; Sp. shorter, scarcely inter­
cm 0 , bluish-green; crown with much white wool; lacing.
Tub. in 13 R., flattened-conical, c. 5 mm h.; Rsp.
12-14, to 1.5 cm lg., acicular, hyaline, the upper
ones dark-tipped; Csp. 1, curving upwards, to 2 cm Gymnocalycium Pfeiff. ( 116)
lg., blackish-brown, lighter below; FI. 1.5 cm lg., 2
cm 0 , white, sometimes a delicate pink in the Recognised as early as 1845 as a separate genus,
centre.—Mexico (Tamaulipas, near S. Vicente). and separated from the collective concept of
“Echinocactus” ; during the period of omnibus
G. saussieri (Web.) Backbg.: Thelocactussaussieri genera it once again lost its identity, and was only
(Web.) Berg. recognised again by Britton & Rose. It is one of the
largest genera of S. American spherical cacti and
G. subterraneus(Backbg.) Backbg. the species vary greatly in size, some being m i n u te
181
GYMNOCALY CIUM

others quite large, and the ribs are mostly + tuber- G. spegazzinii; but in this case there is at least some
culate. Flower-size is equally variable, ranging uniformity of rib-shape and spine-curvature al­
from quite small and more bellshaped to funnel- though spine-length varies strongly. The problems
form, to quite large and funnelform. Vaupel of description are far greater with species showing
(Zeitschr.f.Sukkde, 116. 1923) has a longitudinal as great a variability as G. hybopleurum, ochote-
section which shows quite clearly the unique renai, mazanense, etc., as is demonstrated by
arrangement of tube and ovary in G. damsii, which illustrations of the first two named species. In cases
justifies the expression “ovary-tube". However this like this, it is essential to see a whole shipment of
is not uniformly long and can even be quite short, plants of a species before any judgment can be
so that a clear line of reduction is recognisable. The made as to the range of variability, the principal
uniform diagnostic character of the entire genus variants then being described as varieties, with
lies in the glabrous flowers with distinct scales. The transitional forms perhaps connecting them. This is
fruits are similarly scaly, ± elongated to quite long the only way to build up an approximately accurate
—correspondingly shorter in the more strongly picture of the variability occurring in natural
reduced flower-form of the "Lafaldensia”—- populations. The validity of these remarks is most
and while they often show an attractive blue apparent if one thinks of Tephrocactus articulatus
bloom, the colouring varies widely. The seeds show where the varietal names fully reflect the range of
marked differences of shape and colour: smaller or different forms; and yet the American method,
larger, ± matt black or brown, with or without a suppressing all varietal names, permits only a single
conspicuous hilum-margin, while one species even name (in this case an incorrect one: Opuntia
has a corky testa. glomerata), thus failing either to convey any
B. Schütz of Brünn (“Friciana Rada I”—Zpräv. C. impression of the possible variability, or to assist
1,3. 1962) attempted to classify the seeds according our understanding of the individual stages. Even
to Fric’s “Subgroups according to Seed-Type" Spegazzini in his day recognised this with certain
(Kreuzinger, "Verzeichnis”, 13. 1935): Ovatisem- Argentinian species, correctly pointing out that too
ineae, Macrosemineae, Trichosemineae, Microse- much was better than too little, since the whole
mineae and Muscosemineae. Failing any German purpose of a description is to convey a picture of
version of the text one can only say that this would Nature, within the limits of our knowledge. Un­
be an aid to identification if ... seeds were fortunately quite extraordinary variations some­
available; but that is all, unless of course any firm times occur in flower-colour, not only in Gymno-
concepts for classification are offered, and this I am calycium (e.g. G. baldianum, oenanthemum,
unable to gather from the Czech-language text. mihanovichii, etc.) but even more so in certain
But if this is so, it should be pursued throughout the other S. American species such as Lobivia fam-
entire family: in Thrixanthocereus, for instance, atimensis. Because of this, even a colour-scale is of
the 3 species should be divided into 2 groups: 2 of little help, even if available; and what is needed is a
them with seeds very closely resembling Astro- carefully formulated and fully comprehensible
phytum, and the third having hard, black, statement of the facts. Here the basic requirement is
round seeds. In other words, a classification on this first that one should know the range of variability
basis must not be taken too far. It has already in colour, not only of flowers but also (as in
become apparent that seed-typing is not the Copiapoa) of spines, cephalium, etc. More impor­
complete answer for systematic evaluation. I have tant than any standardized information regarding
therefore based my classification on the characters colour, with the obvious difficulties this involves, is
of the plants themselves: they are always more at least a brief indication of the range of variability;
readily available than seeds, and are of greater otherwise unjustifiable “novelties” are the result.
importance for unravelling problems and making a But there may well be no completely satisfactory
diagnosis, because they are uniform. The following solution to these particular difficulties.
arrangement in Series thus seems preferable. Many The following Series (indicated by the number in
of these plants grow well on their own roots but in brackets after the specific name) will make it easier
general grafting leads to more rapid growth and a for the user to find any species he is seeking:
greater wealth of flowers. The genus has one of the 1. Lafaldensia Backbg.: small-stemmed plants,
largest distributions of all the genera of spherical offsetting freely; flowers subapical,
cacti, especially in its North-South axis— smaller;
Distribution: Bolivia, Paraguay, S. Brazil, Uruguay 2. Hybogona Backbg.: larger to medium-sized
and Argentina (from its N. frontier and thence far plants; flowers + subapical, funnel-
southwards). [(R), (G).] form;
Many species are rather variable or extremely so. G. 3. Schickendantziana Backbg.: larger to medium­
Frank showed variability of this kind (Kakt. u. a. sized plants; flowers with the ovary-
Sukk. 15: 6,116-117. 1964) with his illustrations of tube more slender and often curving,

182
 G YM NOCALY CIUM

often appearing lower on the body; Paz, Kaktusy, 132. 1960): smaller, to 6 cm 0 ;
fruit + spindle-shaped. v. paucispinum Backbg. n.v.: Bo. very flat,
tapering conically towards the base, as in the
G. albispinumBackbg. (1) type, but even flatter; Ri. 10-11, very flat, only
Bo. small, offsetting, single heads spherical to + faintly tuberculate, with a shallow short trans­
oblong; Ri.c. 14,only 4 mm br.; Ar.crowded; Sp. verse furrow; Sp. regularly 3, dark to blackish
bristly, fine, white, c. 25, to 1 cm lg., centrals when young or moist; FI. 2 cm lg., 3.2 cm 0 ,
scarcely differentiated, brownish below; FI.to 3 cm whitish, with a wine-red throat; Fil.cream; Fr.
0 , delicate lilac-pink, rotate; Fr. oblong- greyish-olive, to 3.5 cm lg., with broad, light-
spherical.—N. Argentina (Córdoba). bordered Sc.; S. glossy brown, the narrow
oblong hilum having a prominent margin (Coll.
G. andreae(Bod.) Backbg. (2) Uhlig and Backeberg, U 2171; collected by
Bo. spherical, fairly large, offsetting, dark bluish- Fechser). (Fig. 127.)
green, often suffused bronze-colour, to c. 5 cm 0 ;
Ri.8, flattened-rounded, to 1.5cm br.; Rsp. (5—)7, G. baldianum(Speg.) Speg. (2)
appressed, matt white, brownish below; Csp. 1-3, Bo.depressed-spherical, to 7 cm 0 , dark greyish to
as long or somewhat shorter, rough, blackish- bluish-green, with a stout R.-section; Ri. 9-11,
brownish at first; FI.to 4.5 cm 0 , sulphur-yellow; fewer at first, becoming more distinctly tuber­
Fr. little elongated, bluish-green.—Argentina culate; Sp. all radial, 5-7, pinkish-grey to horn-
(Córdoba). grey or ash-grey, ± appressed or directed laterally,
v. grandiflorumKrainz & Andreae: Bo. stouter; somewhat darker below at first; FI. lighter or
Ri. 11; Sp. longer, mostly bent; bud rounded darker red to + blood-red, variable.—Argentina
(cylindric in the type); FI. opening in the (Catamarca).
morning (afternoon, in the type), larger;
v. svecianumPazout: Sp. short; FI.smaller than G. bayrianumTill 1967
in the type, brownish outside, glossy white in­ Bo. depressed-hemispherical, bluish-green; R.
side; Tu.short. Is it really a variety of this spec.? shortly napiform; Ri. 6-10, broad and flat below,
slightly angular in the crown, with a short
G. anisitsii(K. Sch.) Br. & R. (3) transverse notch over the Ar.; Ar. c. 2 cm apart,
Bo. becoming quite elongated, to over 10 cm lg., with yellowish felt at first, this greying later; Rsp.5,
leaf-green; Ri. 11, with chin-like protuberances; 25-30 mm lg., mostly terete, curving towards the
Ar. elliptic; Sp. 5—7( 9), not clearly differentiated, Bo., light brown at first, sometimes dark-tipped;
matt whitish, somewhat angular, darker above; FI. Csp. sometimes present, 35-45 mm lg.; FI.subapi-
to 4 cm lg., numerous on larger plants, white; Fr. cal, funnelform, c. 62 mm lg„ 40 mm 0 , creamy-
2.5 cm lg., 1 cm 0 , red.—Paraguay (Rio Tig- white, glossy, throat pink; Tu. and Qv. short,
atiyami). greyish-green, with lilac-pink Sc.; Sep.spatulate, c.
22 mm lg., 8 mm br., creamy-white with a metallic
G. antherosacos Ritt. (FR 964): not yet described. glossy M.-stripe; Pet.broadly lanceolate, c. 27 mm
lg., 6 mm br., creamy-white, glossy, reddish below;
G. antherostele Ritt.: an undescribed name. Fil. long, white, lower ones pressed against the
style, others successively up the Tu.-wall, far
G. artigasHert. (2) overtopping the style; An. light yellow; stylewith
Bo. mostly + spherical, flat at first, to 8 cm 0 , to 3 Sti. 16mmlg., 1.6 mm 0 , greenish-yellow; Sti.11,
cm h., dark green; Ri. 6-8-10; Tub. 6-sided; Sp. greenish-yellow; Fr. ovoid, ± angular, greyish-
3-5(-6), to 2 cm lg.; FI.5 cm lg. and br., unisexual, green, blue-frosted, with lilac-pink Sc., dehiscing
lemon-yellow.—Uruguay (Blanquillo). Similar in by a longitudinal tear; S. small, oblong, slightly
habit to G. uruguayense (Ar.) Br. & R. bent, testa matt, reddish-brown, finely tuberculate,
hilum oval, without a raised border.—Argentina
G. asteriumY. Ito (2) (Tucuman near Medina, c. 1000-1500 m). Close to
Bo. flattened-spherical, sometimes raised in the G. cardenasium and G. spegazzinii, but clearly
centre, to c. 10 cm 0 , greyish or brownish-green; differentiated by the lighter Bo.-colour, fewer
Ri. 7-11, little prominent; Tub. + chin-like; Sp. broader Ri., shorter FI. and oblong S., etc. Named
3-5, + projecting, dark at first; FI. 6-6.5 cm lg., in honour of Alfred Bayr, for many years President
fairly broadly funnelform, white; Fr.cylindric, + of the Austrian Cactus Society.
pruinose.—Argentina (Córdoba). The first name,
based on a homonym, was G. stellatum (Speg.) G. bicolor Schütz—Friciana Rada 1: 7, 2-3. 1962
Speg. 2 ( )

v. minimum (Paz) Paz. (G. stellatum minimum Bo. spherical, dark green, to 15 cm 0 ; Ri.to c. 17,

183
GYM NOCALY CIUM

with a marked horizontal indentation above the A similarly large form Oehme called f. evolvens:
Ar.;Tub. nose-like and prominent; Ar. c. 2 cm Csp. developing later, to 3, ivory, brownish
apart, 6 mm lg., more woolly at first; Rsp. 11, to 2.5 below; FI. to 4 cm lg. and br.
cmlg., somewhat recurved; Csp. 1, scarcely longer; FI. can also be suffused + light pink outside. I have
Sp. hoary, brownish when damp, upper radials seen large groups, somewhat over 20 cm 0 and
white, lower ones and the Csp. bluish-grey; FI.4 cm with larger heads, which appeared to be hybrids.
lg., 4.5 cm 0 , white; S. matt black, 5 mm lg.— The following is more clearly differentiated by the
Argentina (Córdoba). unusual FI.-form:
v. hossei Backbg.: Bo. small, Pet. fluttering, the
G. bodenbenderianum(Hoss.) Berg. (2) tip sometimes longer or rather elongated.
Bo.closely resembling that of G. asterium, flat and
± disc-like, to c. 8 cm 0 , brownish or greyish- G. calochlorum(Bod.) Y. Ito (2)
green; Ri. 11-14, low, broad, rounded; Tub. Bo. forming cushions, single heads depressed-
projecting above a fairly acute transverse furrow, spherical, to c. 6 cm 0 , to 4 cm h.; Ri. c. 11,
not prominent; Sp. 3-5, stout, at first blackish and tuberculate; Rsp. to 9, to 9 mm lg., rough,
then greyish-brown, c. 1 cm lg., ± recurved; FI.c. appressed, ± curving; Csp. 0;FI.to 6 cm lg., pale
3.5 cm lg., faded pink, opening only moderately pink, only moderately opening, Pet. not revolute;
wide; Fr. rather short.—Argentina (Córdoba; La Tu.lighter green.—Argentina.
Rioja). v. proliferum (Backbg.) Backbg.: differentiated
by the rather larger, darker, and blue-pruinose
G. brachyanthum (Gürke) Br. & R. may be a form Bo.;FI.opening fully, brownish-white to pink to
of G. monvillei (Lem.) Br. & R.; it has never been pure white, often with a pink throat; Pet.much
re-collected. Bo. to 18 cm 0 , to 7 cm h .; Sp. to 7, longer, recurved;
yellowish, to 2.5 cm lg., Csp. missing; FI. to 5 cm v. roseiacanthum hort.: Bo. flattened-spherical,
lg., bellshaped, white to pink.—N. Argentina c. 35 mm 0 , 25 mm h., bluish-green; Ri. 11; Ar.
(Paraguay?). round, yellowish; Sp. 9, all appressed, twisted,
pink; FI. white, large, throat red.—Argentina
G. brachypetalumSpeg. (2) (Sierra de Córdoba). A dwarf variety from the
Bo. to 10 cm lg., 7cm 0 , bluish to dark green; Ri. complex of G. sigelianum.
13,with chin-like Tub.; Ar.elliptic; Sp. 5-7,to 2.5
cm lg., stiffly subulate, yellowish at first; Csp.0; FI. G. eapillaense(Schick) Backbg. (2)
5.5 cm lg., white; Tu. bluish-green.—Argentina Bo. broadly spherical, offsetting, to c. 9 cm h. and
(Rio Negro, near Carmen de Patagones). Differen­ 0 , bluish-green; Ri.to c. 13, flat; Tub. moderately
tiated from G. gibbosum and G. chubutense by the chin-shaped; Rsp. 5, to 1.2 cm lg., yellowish-white;
Pet. being only 2 cm lg. Csp. 0; FI.to 7 cm lg., to 6 cm 0 , delicate pinkish-
white; Fr. frosted light blue, ± clavate.—
I G. brevistylum Ritt. (FR 1133): no description Argentina (Córdoba).
I available.
G. cardenasianum Ritt.—“Taxon”, XIII: 4, 144.
G. bruchii(Speg.) Hoss. (1) 1964(2)
Bo.small, to 3.5 cm h., to 6 cm 0 , green, very freely Bo. spherical, greyish or bluish-green; Ri.c. 8; Sp.
offsetting to form cushions, very variable; Ri.c. 12; 3-5 at first, Csp. absent at first, very variable in
Tub. small, not chin-like; Sp. thin, bristly-fine, colour, blackish to light brown, horn-coloured or
sometimes more brownish below, to c. 10; Csp. even lighter, becoming rather long; Rsp. 3-6, to 6
0-3, sometimes brownish; FI. slender to + cm lg.; Csp.later mostly 1-2, to 8 cm lg.; FI. pink to
bellshaped-funnelform or somewhat broader, white (with a greenish throat), 5 cm lg., to 8-9 cm
3.5(-5) cm lg., delicate to deeper pink, sometimes 0 ; Tu. only 1 cm lg.; Fr. light brown, c. 8 mm lg.,
with a darker M.-stripe; Fr. + spherical.— rather dry.—Bolivia (Prov. Mendez, Dept., Tarija,
Argentina (Córdoba). Extremely variable. It is not Carrizal) (FR 88).
possible to say whether several forms (described
under “G. lafaldense” and rather variable in body- G. castellanosiiBackbg. (2)
size and spination, sometimes with a darker throat Bo. simple, velvety matt bluish-green, to 15 cm h.,
to the flower) can be justified since there is 10 cm 0 ; Ri. 10-12, rather broad, with rounded
inadequate data on transitional forms. Tub.; Ar. with dense felt, yellowish at first, then
v. (f.) enorme (Oehme); Bo. later forming large white; Rsp. 5-7, projecting, ± curving; Csp.(0— )1;
cushions, single heads to c. 5 cm 0 (or rather all Sp.robust, to 2.5 cm lg., white, dark-tipped; FI.
more?); Csp. sometimes 1; FI. to 5.5 cm lg. and 4.5 cm 0 , bellshaped to funnelform, white suffused
br. pink.—Argentina (Córdoba).
184
 GYM NOCALY CIUM

G. centeterium sensu Hoss. : an erroneous name for notches; Tub. prominent; Sp. scarcely differen­
G. valnicekianumJajô. tiated, 2-8, to 1.2 cm lg., whitish, darker brown
above and below, soon becoming grey; FI. to 6.5
G. chiquitanum Card.—“Cactus”, 18: 78, 95-96. cm lg., 5 cm 0 , white, wine-red in the centre, with
1963 (2) crowded, oblong, imbricate Sc.; An. grey; Fr.
Bo. flattened-spherical, 2-4 cm h., 6-9 cm 0 , slender-cylindric, red, 2.5 cm lg.—N. Paraguay. As
greyish-green, also washed reddish ; Ri.6-7, 5 mm a result of newer discoveries and observations, the
h., 2.5 cm br., tuberculate; Ar. to 2 cm apart, grey, spec, is seen to be as variable as G. mihanovichii.
elliptic ; Rsp.to 6, appressed, ± curving, 1.5-2.3 cm Seeds are just 1mm lg.
ig- : Csp. 0-1, 1.8 cm lg., stoutly acicular, grey, v. centrispinumBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill :
brown-tipped; FI.to 6 cm lg., funnelform; Tu. 2.5 6. 1963 : Ri.with chin-prominences weaker than
cm lg., light purplish-lilac, Sc. white-bordered (also in the type, lacking the distinct transverse
on the Ov.) ; Ov. dark purple ; Sep.pinkish-brown ; swelling of the next variety, the furrows over the
Pet.lilac-pink, 2.5 cm lg., 6 mm br. ; Fil.purple ; An. Ar. acute, flattened above and below; Rsp.
yellow; style 2.2 cm lg., purple; Sti. 8, yellow; almost always 7, 0.6-2 cm lg., the upper ones
throat light magenta; Fr. ellipsoid, 2 cm lg., longest; Csp. 1, to c. 2 cm lg.; all Sp. ± horn-
r.uish, later purple; S. 1 mm lg., light brown, testa coloured to brownish; FI. white, also in the
granular.—Bolivia (Santa Cruz, San José, 600 m). centre; Sep. narrow, long, tapering, green, they
Fig. 128.) [Haage adds: Acc. Lau, identical with and the oblong Sc. with a red dot above; Tu. 2.5
G. hammerschmidii.] cm lg., very thin.—Bolivia (Roboré area). (Fig.
G. chubutense(Speg.) Speg. (2) 129 above);
Bo. simple, broadly spherical, to 15 cm br., to 10 cm v. rotundulum Backbg.—l.c. : Ri. flat, broad,
fa., ashy or greyish-green; Ri. c. 15, broad; Ar. rounded, with swellings but without distinct
oblong, with a rounded tubercular swelling under­ transverse thickening, increasingly reddish to­
neath; Rsp. 5-7, thick, stiff, projecting, to 4 cm lg., wards the base, transverse notches moderately
chalky blackish-grey, sometimes + compressed, flattened, shallow, without distinct Tub. or chin-
not thickened below; FI. to 8.5 cm lg., c. 4 cm br. like protuberances; Rsp. c. 7, 6-12 mm lg. ; Csp.
or more, pure white.—Argentina (Chubut). 0; FI. c. 3.2 cm lg., 3 cm 0 , white; Sep. green,
broadly linear; Tu. 2 cm lg., 4 mm 0 , with
G. chuquisacanumCard. oblong Sc. ; throat white ; style projecting ; Sti.
Bo. flattened-spherical, 5-6 cm h., 12 cm br., long, white.—Bolivia (Roboré). (Fig. 129
greyish-green; Ri. 13, Tub. 1 cm h.; Ar. 1.5 cm below) ;
apart, rounded-elliptic, 7 mm 0 , with greyish to v. torulosum Backbg.—l.c.: Ri. fairly acute,
blackish felt; all Sp. horn-grey, tipped brownish; without rounded chins but with tuberculate
Rsp.7-10, spreading, curving towards the Bo., 2-3 projections, the transverse notching shallow, not
cm lg. ; Csp. 1, curving upwards, 2.5-3 cm lg. ; FI. flattened, with distinct but not very prominent
few, apical, beaker-shaped, 6.5 cm lg., 5 cm br., transverse thickening; Rsp. mostly 5 ; Csp.0(1),
vhite, widely opening; Tu. terete, 12 mm 0 , light brownish if present; FI. white, also in the throat,
green, with green Sc. 5 mm br. and bordered white ; 3 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 ; Sep. rounded and broader
Sep. lanceolate, greenish outside, pink inside, Pet. above, olive-reddish, light-bordered; Tu. 1.7 cm
anceolate, salmon pink; FI. magenta; An. brown- lg., c. 5 mm 0 , Sc. transversely oval ; stylerather
sh: style 11 mm lg., light magenta with 22 yellow short ; S.round, yellowish-brown, with irregular
Sti- 5 mm lg.—Bolivia (Prov. Azero, Chuquisaca, black Tub., 0.8 mm lg., testa corky.—Bolivia
near Boyuibe, 700 m). May also have been (San José). (Fig. 130.)
described by Ritter, and belongs to the G. zegarrae- This very unusual testa-type (presumably con­
G. lagunillasense group. The FI., 6.5 cm lg., are stant in the type and all varieties) demonstrates
I conspicuous. the unsuitability of seeds for purposes of
classification (see also Parodia and Thrixantho-
G. comarapenseBackbg. (not described) : Bo.large, cereus) ;
>pherical, with numerous Ri.; Rsp. 8-9, longer, v. tucavocense Backbg.—l.c. : Bo. differentiated
interlacing; Csp. 1, still longer, projecting; Ar. by being flatter, deep green, offsetting freely from
rather felty; FI. bellshaped, white, throat pink.— the Ar.; Ri. + tuberculate; Sp. 5, stouter,
Bolivia (Comarapa). Regarded by Cardenas as a appressed; FI. 5 cm lg., 4 c m 0 , pale pink; Tu.
form of G. zegarrae. 1.5 cm lg., with broad Sc.—Bolivia (San José).
(Fig. 131.)
G. damsii(K. Sch.) Br. & R. (3) These represent the clearly differentiated variants ;
Bo.simple, light to dark green, flat-spherical ; Ri.to there are probably intermediate forms of lesser
c. 10, fairly broad, with short acute transverse importance.

185
GYM NOCALY CIUM

G. deeszianumDolz (2) 20, bristly, flexible, radiating, yellowish-white and

Bo. depressed-spherical to elongated, glossy, light brown at first, to 2.5 cm lg.; Csp. scarcely
olive-green, becoming more deep green, to c. 6.5 cm differentiated; FI. to 4 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 , white;
0 ; Ri. 7-8; Tub. with a rather pointed chin; Sp.c. throatpink.—Paraguay.
7, appressed or slightly spreading, curving, to c. 2.5
cm lg., dirty pale yellow, brownish below; FI.to 5 G. fricianum Plesnik—Kakt. u. a. Sukk., 15: 6,
cm lg., creamy-white, delicate pink in the centre.— 110. 1964(3)
Argentina (Córdoba?). Bo. simple, greyish-green, broadly spherical, to 9
cm 0 , 6 cm h.; Ri. 11, acute, with chin-like
G. denudatum (Lk. & O.) Pfeiff. (2) (T.) projections; Ar.beige-coloured at first; Rsp. 2-3 at
Bo.flattened-spherical at first, glossy dark green, to first, later 7; Csp. 0; FI. 5 cm lg., 3 cm 0 ,
c. 8 cm br. (much larger if grafted); Ri. 5-8, broad bellshaped, white inside; Tu. 3 cm lg., slender; Fil.
below, flattened-rounded, without Tub.; Rsp. 5, to white; An. greyish-greenish; style yellow; Fr.
c. 1.5 cm lg., + contorted, directed sideways and carmine, with pink Sc.; S.brownish.—Paraguay.
downwards; FI.with a slender Tu., to 5 cm lg., 7 cm The spec, belongs to the Series “Schickendantz-
0 , glossy white; Pet. in several R., slender- iana”, and thus doubtless to the complex of G.
tapering; Fr. oblong-clavate; S. large, black.—S. marsoneri (Fric) Y. Ito. which is rather variable,
Brazil to Argentina (Misiones). also to some extent in flower-size, as I was able to
v. backebergii Paz. (Friciana Rada, 3: 15, 6. see from Uhlig’s abundant material. Maybe that
1963): not a true variety, but a juvenile form of is why Fric did not originally describe the above
the spec., with still flatter Ri.; in age they too form. This shows once again the perils of describing
become ± rounded-tuberculate. from single specimens, without some knowledge of
There are numerous hybrids, mostly with + all the forms in a possible swarm. Much of the
tuberculate Ri. above description applies equally well to G.
marsoneri.
G. euchlorum Backbg.: Gymnocalycium hybo-
pleurumv. euchlorumBackbg. G. gibbosum(Haw.) Pfeiff. (2)
Bo.spherical to long-elongated, rarely offsetting, to
G. eurypleurumRitt. (FR 1178) 60 cm h., to c. 15 cm 0 , bluish to dirty green; Ri.
Bo. simple, subspherical, to 7 cm 0 , fairly glossy; 12-19, to 1.5 cm h., with acute transverse furrows;
Ri.8, straight, flat, obtuse, broken between the Ar. Ar. grey; Rsp. 7 10( 14), + projecting, medium-
by a transverse furrow; Ar. 15-20 mm apart, oval, stout, + slightly curving, mostly reddish below;
at first with yellowish-white FI., later glabrous; Csp. 1 3(—5), coloured like the Rsp., variously
Rsp. 5-6, one of these pointing downwards; Csp. long; FI.to 6.5 cm lg., fairly broad, ± whitish; Fr.
0-1; all Sp. sharply acicular, 25-30 mm lg., little + clavate.—S. Argentina (Rio Chubut, Rio
recurved, dark yellowish at first, later greying, Negro, etc.).
apical Sp. deep brown; FI.45-50 mm 0 ; Tu. with v. leucodictyon(K. Sch.) Y. Ito: Bo.more bluish-
pale, white-bordered Sc. tipped with a crimson green, smaller, more freely offsetting;
fleck; Pet. lanceolate, pinkish-violet, with a pale v. nigrum Backbg.: Bo. blackish-green; Sp.
pink M.-line, tipped reddish-brown; Fil.white; An. blackish; Csp. 0-1;
yellow; style white, with 12 light yellow Sti.; Fr. v. nobile (Haw.) Y. Ito: Bo. becoming large-
spherical, 20 mm 0 ; S.brown.—Paraguay (Cerro spherical ; Sp.more numerous, to c. 15, longer, to
León, collected at considerable personal risk by 3.5 cm lg., whitish, red below, often quite
Ritter, in the territory of the savage Moro Indians). strongly interlacing; Csp.to 6.

G. eytianumCard. (2) G. glaucum Ritt.—Sukkde. (SKG.), VII-VIII, 37.

Bo. depressed-spherical, to 15 cm h., to 30 cm 0 , 1963 (2)
bluish-green; Ri.c. 18, 4 cm br. below, transversely Bo.ashen to greyish-green, hemispherical, to 12 cm
furrowed; Tub. 4 cm br.; Sp. scarcely differen­ 0 ; R. long, napiform, hard, white; Ri. 10-16,
tiated, c, 4-5, appressed, to 2.5 cm lg., subulate, obtuse, broad, to 1.5 cm h., faintly tuberculate,
brownish-yellow to whitish-yellow, brown-tipped, transversely furrowed; Ar. white, to 1.5 cm lg.,
yellowish-green below; FI. bell to beaker-shaped, 5-7.5 mm br., white; Sp. faintly curving, reddish-
to 4.5 cm lg., pure white.—Bolivia (Eyti). brown at first, then grey, with 2—3(-M-) pairs on each
side, 2-A cm lg., the middle one to 7 cm lg.,
G. fleischerianumBackbg. (2) sometimes with 1 Ssp. above; Csp.0 ;FI.3.5-5.5 cm
Bo. spherical to elongated, sometimes offsetting, lg., 2.5-4.5 cm 0 , opening towards noon, white;
glossy, light green; Ri. c. 8, fairly broad below; Pet. with a thin purple stripe above, broader
Tub. rounded, without a transverse furrow; Sp. c. towards the base, throat coloured similarly; style
186
 GYMNOCALY CIUM

pale green, reddish below; Fr. 3 cm lg., reddish coloured, + flecked, light greenish-yellow below at
below, greyish or brownish-green above ; S. black, first, dark-tipped ; FI.4-6.5 cm lg., 3.5-6 cm 0 , the
mm lg.—N. Argentina (SE. of Tinogasta in Prov. larger dimensions applying to solitary FL, pale
Catamarca) (FR 961). salmon-pink to white; Tu. reddish or bluish; Sep.
olive outside; Pet. narrow below; Fr. blackish-
G. grandiflorumBackbg. (2) bluish; S. medium-sized.—Bolivia (San José:
Bo. flattened-spherical, green; Ri.c. 8, with marked found by Father Hammerschmid). (Fig. 134.)
:ransverse furrows; Tub. chin-like; Rsp. 5, some- Flowers open only for a short time, in full sun ; Fl.-
•vhat appressed, pinkish or whitish-grey; FI. to 7 colour varies from white to reddish. [Haage adds :
cm 0 , medium-long, pure white.—NW. Argen­ Acc. Lau, identical with G. chiquitanum.]
tina.
G. horridispinumFrank (2)—Kakt. u. a. Sukk., 14:
G. griseo-pallidumBackbg. n. sp. (3?) 1,8-10. 1963.
Bo. flattened-spherical, whitish-grey, c. 6.5 cm 0 Bo. to 8 cm 0 , dark leaf-green; Ri. 10-13, with
and 3 cm h. has been observed, forming some strong chin-Tub. and acute longitudinal furrows;
offsets; Ri.7, with transverse furrows on the flanks Rsp. 10-12, stout, subulate, 2-2.5 cm lg., grey,
or between the Ar. (so far, unique to this spec.), c. brown-tipped, curving towards the Bo. ; Csp.
1.5 cm br. at midway and 7 mm h. ; Sp.4-506), to coloured similarly, 4, cruciform, still stouter,
. .5 cm lg., black, the lower ones + appressed or + projecting, thickened below, 3^1 cm lg.; bud
rent, the middle ones projecting, all eventually purplish-red, plump, tapering; FI. white with a
grey ; FI.?—Bolivia (salt-dunes near San José, close violet-pink border or uniformly purplish-pink, 6
:o the Paraguayan frontier). The weak Tub. formed cm lg., 6 cm 0 , with a darker M.-stripe; throat
by the transverse furrows become suffused pale white; Sep. violet-pink.—N. Argentina (Córdoba,
reddish during the dry season. Distinguishable SW. of Salsacate). (Fig. 135.)
from all other spec, of the genus by its light, almost The FI. can remain open for about a week.
chalky, colour (Coll. Uhlig, U 2179; found by There is a similar plant with less fierce and also
Father Hammerschmid). (Fig. 132.) shorter Sp., the Bo. being more broadly-spherical
and more bluish-green; possibly a variety (Coll.
G. guanchinenseSchütz: belongs to the complex of Uhlig and Backeberg, U 2177).
G. mazanense Backbg. ; v. robustius Ritt, is only a
name. G. horstiiBuin.
Bo.to 11 cm 0 , to 7 cm h., fresh glossy green, with
G. guerkeanum (Heese) Br. & R. (2) fibrous R. ; Ri.5-6, sometimes weakly tuberculate;
Bo. flattened-spherical; Ri. 9, rather flat and Ar.3 on each Ri., + felty, oval, 5 mm lg., 4 mm br.,
broad ; Tub.faintly chin-shaped ; Ar.yellowish ; Sp. 3 cm apart; Sp. 5, straight, obliquely projecting,
-Iways 5, to 12 mm lg., rough, yellowish, brownish- not appressed, 1of them pointing downwards, light
red below; FI. to 5 cm lg., almost 4 cm 0 , glossy, yellow, to 3 cm lg. ; Csp. 0; FI.to 11 cm lg. and br.,
light yellow.—Bolivia. opening widely in full sunshine, from morning to
evening ; Tu.set with small pink Sc. ; Pet.lilac-pink
G. hamatum Ritt. (2) to creamy-white, pointed, with a pink M.-stripe,
Bo. subspherical ; Ri. 9, rounded, transversely outer ones dark pink; Fil. and An. light yellow;
indented; Rsp. 6, projecting and radiating, to 1.5 stylelight yellow, with 9 Sti. ; Fr.ovoid, green with
cm lg., the bottom one longest, whitish-yellow at a blue tinge, ripening very slowly, dehiscing
first, brown above, then horn-grey; Csp. 0; FI.?— laterally; S. cap-shaped, small.—Brazil (Rio
Origin? (Fig. 133.) Presumably never described; Grande do Sul, near Cacapava). Named for its
the plants I have seen had no hooked Sp., although discoverer, Leopold Horst.
some of the lower radiais were + slightly bent at v. buenekeri Buin. : distinguished by the dark
the tip. green epidermis, robuster Sp.and dark pink FI.
G. hammerschmidii Backbg. (2) Descr. Cact. G. hossei(Hge. Jr.) Berg. (2)
Nov. Ill: 7. 1963. Bo. ± flat-spherical to elongated, dark brownish-
Bo. broadly spherical, to 15 cm 0 , slightly glossy, green; Ri. 13, fairly broad; Tub. chin-like, with a
leaf-green; Ri.c. 7, prominent, rounded, to 3 cm br. transverse notch ; Ar.greyish-whitish ; Sp.mostly 7,
below; Tub. swollen, rounded, with an acute somewhat spreading and recurved, to 15 mm lg.,
transverse furrow to c. 1.5 cm br. ; Rsp. 5, subulate, subulate; Csp. one sometimes present later; all Sp.
directed laterally and downwards, to c. 2 cm lg., + brown at first, then grey, dark-tipped ; FI. with a
recurved, often also 2 upper thin-subulate Sp. to 6 short Tu., deep pink.—Argentina (Córdoba?; La
mm lg. ; Csp. (0—)1, c. 1.5 cm lg. ; all Sp.light horn- Rioja). (Fig. 136.)
187
GYMNOCALY CIUM

v. longispinum (Hge Jr.) hort. is an unclarified compressed, when dry pinkish-grey, dirty grey or
variety. horn-coloured, rather stout, not thickened below;
Rsp. 5-7, to 2.5 cm lg.; Csp. mostly 0, sometimes 1
G. hybopleurum(K. Sch.) Backbg. (2) curving towards the apex, not stouter than the
Bo. broadly spherical, dull to greyish-green; crown Rsp.; Sp.sometimes to c. 2 mm thick below; FI.?—
sunken; Ri. c. 13, broad, hemispherical; Tub. N. Argentina (Coll. Uhlig and Backeberg, U 2176;
sharply chin-shaped; Ar. light brownish at first; collected by Fechser). (Fig. 138.) When wet, the Sp.
Sp. mostly 9, one directed downwards, the others are reddish-brownish.
interlocking, recurved, to 3 cm lg., brown at first,
then dull white; Csp. 0; FJ.to c. 4 cm lg., white to G. izozogsiiCard.
greenish-white; throat greenish-pink; Fr. green.— Bo. simple, spherical, 4-5 cm h., 9-12 cm 0 ,
Argentina (Cordoba). greyish-green, suffused reddish; Ri. 9-10, tuber-
Probably offsets later; often erroneously named as culate; Ar. 1.5-2.5 cm apart, round, 6-8 mm 0 ,
G. mostii. grey-felty; Rsp. 10-11, radiating or weakly ap-
v. breviflorum Backbg. n.v.: Differs in having pressed, 10-25 mm lg., grey or horn-coloured; Csp.
much shorter FI.,to c. 2.5 cm lg. and br.; Csp. 1 15 mm lg.; FI.funnelform or urn-shaped, 4 cm lg., 3
sometimes present, bent towards the crown, to c. cm 0 ; Ov. spherical, 7 mm lg., brownish with pink
2.8cmlg. (Fig. 137 above); Sc.; Tu. short, brownish, with brownish pink-
v. centrispinum Backbg. n.v.: bordered Sc. 6 mm lg.; Sep.spatulate, 8-16 mm lg.,
Differs in having 2-3 Csp. which are bent salmon-pink, light brown outside; Pet. spatulate,
upwards; Sp. not stouter than in the type (Coll. 20 x 7 mm, light salmon, magenta below; Fil.
Uhlig and Backeberg, U 2146; collected by magenta, An. yellowish-brownish; stylepink, with
Fechser); 18 Sti.; Tu. red inside. Close to G. pflanzii, but the
v. euchlorum Backbg.: Bo.lighter greyish-green; Sp. are shorter and appressed, the FI. is differently
Sp.shorter, fewer; coloured and the locality is also different.—Bolivia
v. ferociusBackbg. n.v.: Sp. much stouter, ash- (Prov. Cordillera, Santa Cruz, Izozog Basin near El
grey when dry, chestnut-brown when wet; Rsp. Atajado, in loose sandy soil, among thorn scrub, at
c. 7-9, similar to those of the type; Csp. (l-)2, 400 m).
porrect or curving upwards, to 3.5 cm lg., they
and the Rsp. ± compressed and/or + angular G. joossensianum(Bod.) Br. & R. (3)
(Coll. Uhlig and Backeberg, U 2167; collected by Bo. simple, depressed-spherical; Ri. c. 6-9, some­
Fechser). (Fig. 137 centre); what tuberculate; Sp. 6-9, the lowest ones
v. feroxBackbg. n.v.: Differentiated by the Rsp. longest; FI. wine-red; Tu. moderately long; Fr.
which are very stout-subulate, ± compressed, spindle-shaped, with a few red Sc.—Paraguay or N.
Csp. missing; FI.very stout, c. 3.5 cm lg., 4.5 cm Argentina.
0 ; Tu. c. 1.2 cm br.; Sep. to 1 cm br., green,
broadly rounded above, with a light border; Pet. G. knebelii Fric (G. knebelianum) (3): not de­
very pale olive to whitish; throat red; Fil. scribed. The plant was + brownish-green; Tub.
carmine. (Fig. 137 below.) not very broad; epidermis distinctly spotted.—
Paraguay.
G. hyptiacanthum(Lem.) Br. & R. (2)
Bo. depressed-spherical at first, elongating, to 10 G. kozelskyanumSchütz
cm 0 , dark green; Ri.9-11; Tub. 5 mm h., conical; Bo. depressed-spherical, bronze-coloured, 6 cm h.,
Rsp. 5-8, to 1 cm lg.; Csp. 0-1; Sp. + subulate, 10 cm 0 , crown slightly sunken; Ri. c. 14, low,
sharp, somewhat recurved, whitish, brownish
Tub. scarcely developed; Ar. c. 20 mm apart; Rsp.
below; FI.5 cm lg., yellowish-white.—Uruguay,
v. citriflorum (Fric) Schütz: FI. lemon-yellow; 3, straight or curving slightly upwards, stiff, 20 mm
lg., dark brown, later ash-grey; FI. subapical, c. 6
perhaps a hybrid. cm lg.; Ov. and pericarpel dark bluish-green with
G. immemoratum Cast. & Lelong: Gymnocalycium semicircular Sc.; Sep.spatulate, 10 mm br., pink to
dark greyish-green; Pet. lanceolate, intense pink,
valnicekianumJajo. purple below; Fil.and stylewhite; Sti.8; Fr.dark
G. intertextumBackbg. n.sp. (2) bluish-green, scaly; S. dark brown, glossy.—
Bo. simple, hemispherical, to 11 cm 0 has been Argentina (Córdoba). Also distributed as G.
noted, greyish-green; Ri.c. 13-15, c. 1.5-2 cm br., vatteri.
transversely furrowed; Tub. chin-like often ex­
tending over the furrow; Sp. tangled, irregularly G. kurtzianum (Gürke) Br. & R.: Gymnocalycium
bent, sometimes curving and ± claw-like, in part mostiiv. kurtzianum(Gürke) Backbg.
188
 GYMNOCALYCIUM

G. lafaldense Vpl.: Gymnocalycium bruchii(Speg.) collected by Fechser between Tucuman and

Hoss. Salta, with no further habitat data). (Fig. 139.)
Old Ar. can be to 11 mm lg. and 9 mm br., the felt
G. lagunillasenseCard. (2) soon becoming blackish-grey.
Bo. simple, broadly spherical, to 4 cm h., to 14 cm
0 , greyish-green; Ri. c. 13, low; Tub. + 4-sided; G. marsoneri(Fric) Y. Ito (3)
Ar. grey; Rsp. c. 7, subulate, curving, whitish Bo.simple, flat-spherical, matt greyish-green; Ri.c.
below, pink at midway, brown above, 1-3 cm lg.; 15, conspicuously oblique and divided into low,
FI.c. 5 cm lg., funnelform, cream-coloured above, larger Tub.; Ar. yellowish-brownish; Rsp. 7, to 3
white below; throatbluish-red; Fr. spherical, 2 cm cm lg., brownish above, lighter below, becoming
0 , red.—Bolivia (Lagunillas). darker; Csp.0;FI.funnelform to bellshaped, to 3.5
cm lg., 3^4.5 cm 0 , pale yellowish-white to
G. leeanum (Hook.) Br. & R. (2) white.—Paraguay (?). A somewhat variable spec,
Bo. depressed to spherical, bluish-green; Ri.to over with a shorter, rather slender Tu., and the Pet. in
15; Tub.hemispherical, + 6-sided below; Sp.c. 11, several Ser. (Fig. 140.)
thin, radials to 12 mm lg., + appressed and
curving, Csp. 1, porrect, straight; FI. large, pale G. mazanense Backbg. (2)
yellow, unisexual; S. large, black.—Uruguay, Bo.large, broadly spherical, brownish to greyish or
adjacent areas of Argentina, dull green; Ri. 10-12, low, rounded; Tub. rounded,
v. brevispinum Backbg.: Sp. much shorter, chin-shaped, stout, transversely furrowed; Ar.
straighter, very short in the crown.—Uruguay white; Rsp.c. 7 or more, to 3 cm lg., + interlacing,
(Maldonado); ± pinkish-brown, becoming grey; Csp. 0 or one
v. netrelianum (Monv.) Backbg.: Sp. 5-8, Csp. occasionally present; FI. stoutly funnelform, Pet.
mostly absent; FI. pale lemon-yellow.— fairly crowded, whitish to pink; throatdarker.—N.
Uruguay. Argentina (Mazan).
v. breviflorum Backbg.: FI. still shorter, olive to
G. leptanthum(Speg.) Speg. (2) pinkish-white;
Bo. broadly spherical, to c. 7 cm 0 ; Ri. 8 or more, v. ferox Backbg.: Csp. and Rsp. fairly thick,
-ow, broad below; Tub. rounded, not prominent, large, crowded and projecting.
transversely indented below; Sp. typically 7,
appressed; FI. with a conspicuously long Tu., to 6.5 G. megalothelos(Sencke) Br. & R. (2)
cm lg., white; throat reddish; Tu. very slender, Bo.depressed-spherical, to c. 16 cm 0 and h., light
densely scaly.—Argentina (Cordoba). to darker green; Ri. 10-12; Tub. plump and chin­
like, transversely indented; Ar. large; Rsp. 7-8,
G. loricatum Speg.: GymnocalyciumspegazziniiBr. subulate, to 1.5 cm lg., first yellow then dirty
& R. brownish-yellow, finally horn-coloured; Csp. 1,
porrect; FI.large, pinkish-white.—Paraguay. Pro­
G. lumbarasense Ritt.: an undescribed name. bably belongs to the complex of G. monvillei
(Lem.) Br. & R.
G. marqueziiCard. (2)
Bo. broadly spherical, dull bluish-green, to 4 cm h., G. megataeY. Ito (3)
to 10 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 8, low; Tub.2 cm h., 3 cm br.; Ar. Bo. flat-spherical, c. 6 cm h., to 20 cm 0 , light
white; Sp. 6-7, thin-subulate, appressed, grey green; Ri. 9-13, acute; Rsp. to 5, thin, 2 cm lg.,
below, pinkish-brown above, 1-2.5 cm lg.; Csp. brown at first, then darker; FI. 5 cm lg. and br.,
only sometimes present; all Sp. thickened below; white.—Paraguay.
FI. broadly beaker-shaped, 4 cm lg., pink with a
brown M.-stripe.—Bolivia (Angosto de Villa G. melanocarpum (Ar.) Br. & R. (2)
Montes). Bo. simple, hemispherical, to c. 9 cm 0 ; Ri. 15,
v. argentinenseBackbg. n.v.Bo. deep leaf-green, broad, rounded; Tub. stout; Rsp. 10-12, to 2.5 cm
epidermis finely granular and pitted; Ri. lg., subulate, yellow at first, then grey, appressed;
8(—10), to over 3.5 cm br. below; Sp. ash-grey Csp. 0; FI. ?; Fr. spherical, 2 cm 0 , glossy, dark
when dry, dirty chestnut-brown when damp, or olive-green.—Uruguay (Paysandu).
darker above at first, reddish below; Rsp.
(7—)9(—12), curving sideways, to 2.5 cm lg.; Csp. G. michoga (Fric) Y. Ito (3)
1—2(—4), more projecting, not longer than the Bo. simple, spherical, greyish-green to reddish; Ri.
Rsp.; FI.to 5 cm lg., 5.5 cm 0 , white; throatlight c. 11, acute, tuberculate; Rsp. c. 7, sharp, 2 cm lg.,
red; Fil.red; Sti.long, spreading, crimson.— N. dark brown at first, then black; FI. bellshaped to
Argentina (Coll. Uhlig and Backeberg, U 2166); funnelform, to 5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , white, with a
189
GYMNOCALY CIUM

brownish-green stripe; Tu.deep green. -—Argentina v. stenogonum Fric & Paz.: Bo. to 15 cm 0 , with
(Paraguay?). narrow Ri. and close-set banding: FI.yellowish
to greenish-white;
G. mihanovichii(Fric & Giirke) Br. & R. (3) v. stenostriatumPaz.—Friciana Rada, 1: 7. 1962
Bo.broadly spherical to ± elongated, to c. 6 cm 0 , (illustration).
greyish-green or + reddish-brown; Ri. narrow, Bo. rather elongated; Ri. with close-set trans­
acute, with transverse prominences or with lighter verse markings; Sp. mostly absent,, sometimes
and darker cross-banding; Rsp. usually 5(— 6), one, curving slightly downwards.
sometimes dropping, to 1 cm lg.; FI. bellshaped to
funnelform; Sep.yellowish-green, ± reddish at the G. millaresiiCard.
tip; Pet. revolute at anthesis, greenish-yellow or Bo. simple, spherical, weakly compressed, bluish-
paler to white, sometimes narrow.—Paraguay green, 6-8 cm h., 12-14 cm 0 ; Ri. 16-19, straight,
(Bahia Negra). Like G. damsii, an extremely divided into Tub. 6-8 mm h., 2-2.5 cm 0 ; Ar. 3 cm
variable spec. More clearly differentiated varieties apart, elliptic, 1 cm lg., with blackish felt; Sp. 7-9,
include that with ± pink FL, and v. filadelfiense pectinate, bent; Csp. 1-2, directed upwards; all Sp.
with large FI. coloured brown above, which do not grey, tipped brownish, 2-4 cm lg.; FI. borne in the
open wide and last a long time. crown, funnelform, 4 cm lg., 4 cm 0 ; Ov.spherical,
There are, as Werdermann showed, transitional light green to lilac; Sc. broadly rounded, light-
forms to all the other varieties. bordered; Tu. 2 cm 0 , with lilac-bordered, light
v. albiflorum Paz.—Friciana Rada, 3: 17, 5-7. green Sc.; Sep. broadly spatulate, 1 Cm lg., pink,
1963: greenish outside; Pet. lanceolate, salmon-pink,
Sp. 8, stouter; FI. pure white; no further data magenta below; An. 5 mm lg., yellow; style 17 mm
available; lg., magenta; Sti. 13.—Bolivia (Saavedra, Potosí,
v. angusto-striatumPaz.—Friciana Rada 1: 7, 3. near Miliares, at 2600 m, in quartite rocks).
1962: Differentiated from G. zegarrae by its unusual Sp.
Ri. c. 12, with close-set narrow transverse as well as the FL-colour and habitat.
stripes; Sp. missing or sparse, short; FI. as in v.
friedrichii; G. monvillei(Lem.) Br. & R. (2)
v. filadelfienseBackbg. n.v.: Bo.later elongated, Bo. simple, large, spherical, to c. 22 cm 0 , glossy,
to c. 10 cm h. has been noted, brownish, mostly light green, varying to lighter or darker; Ri. 13-17;
with dark spots, transverse banding sometimes Tub. large, 5-6-sided; Ar. yellowish at first; Rsp.
absent or indistinct; Ri.acute, straight, or made 7-13, subulate, curving, ascending, compressed, to
± tuberculate by low transverse depressions, the 4 cm lg., horn-yellow, greenish-yellow or darker;
edge of the Tub. mostly darker, the depressions Csp.0; FI. to 8 cm lg., broad, white with a pinkish-
directed slightly downwards; Sp. blackish and red tinge.—Paraguay. Very variable in the colour
usually longer persisting; FI. to c. 5 cm lg., not of Bo. and Sp.
opening widely, the Tu. either slender or stouter,
the bud spherical; Per. brownish to olive-green, G. moserianum Schütz
darker than in the type, slightly reddish towards Bo. depressed-spherical, dark green, to 15 cm br.,
the base.—Paraguay (near Filadelfia) (Coll. 10 cm h.; Ri. c. 10, little tuberculate, with flat
Uhlig and Backeberg, U 2125; found by Unger). transverse furrows; Ar. 20 mm apart, with thick
(Fig. 141.) The FI.-colour is very uniform; white felt at first, later glabrous; Rsp.3-5, to 25 mm
v. fleischerianum Paz.—Kaktusarske Listy, lg., dark brown below, lighter above; FL subapical,
1948-51: Bo.broadly spherical, light green, with pure white, centre red; Fil.wine-red below, yellow
dark dots; Ri.c. 12, acute; Sp.4-6, yellow; FI. to above; S. brown, glossy, 0.6 mm lg.—Argentina
8 cm lg., white, scarcely opening.—Paraguay (N. Cordoba, near Serrazuela). Introduced by H.
(Chaco Boreal); Fechser. Named for the well-known Gymnoca-
v. friedrichii Werd.: banding distinct, in thin lycium specialist, Günther Moser of Kufstein.
stripes; Bo. under 10 cm 0 ; FI. deep pink,
somewhat smaller than the type; G. mostii(Gürke) Br. & R. (2)
v. melocactiforme Paz.: banding virtually Bo. simple, dark to bluish-green, to c. 7 cm h., 13
absent; Bo. can be over 10 cm 0 ; FL with con­ cm 0 ; Ri. 11-14, broad, obtuse, fewer at first; Tub.
spicuously narrow Pet.; with a projecting rounded chin, strongly trans­
v. pirarettaense Paz.: Bo. under 10 cm 0 ; versely indented; Rsp. 7, 6-22 cm lg.*, stoutly
banding present or missing or indistinct; FI.
variable, from deep pink to white, * Translator's note: I suspect these figures are corrupt;
f. rubrum: a red form without chlorophyll which my own cultivated plants, of 2 forms, have very few Sp.
is also known under other names; exceeding 3 cm.

190
 GYMNOCALY CIUM

subulate, recurved or bent; Csp. 1, + straight; all greenish.—Argentina (Catamarca).

Sp. light horn-coloured, tipped glossy brown; FI. v. densispinum Backbg.: Ri. to 15; Sp. denser,
large, beaker-shaped to rotate, to 8 cm br., light thinner, longer.
salmon to pinkish-red.—Argentina (Córdoba),
v. kurtzianum (Giirke) Backbg.: Ri. to 18; Rsp. G. occultum Fric ex Schütz (Friciana Rada 1: 7, 4.
8 ;Csp. 1, bent strongly upwards, horn-coloured, 1962) (2). In the absence of any description, I
mostly brownish-tipped; FI. 7-8 cm lg., white, merely noted this spec, in “Die Cact.” III. p. 1725,
throat red.—Argentina (Córdoba). under G. bodenbenderianum; I did not refer it to
the latter. In the light of the present description it
G. mucidum Oehme: at most a form of G. must be regarded as only one of the numerous
mazanense Backbg. forms of G. quehlianum, and not as a distinct spec.;
it has the typical 5 Rsp. and only indistinct
G. multifloruni (Hook.) Br. & R. (2) tuberculation of the Ri., which are given in the
Bo. solitary at first, then offsetting and forming original description.—Argentina (Córdoba, hab­
groups, single heads to over 9 cm h., to 12 cm 0, itat of G. quehlianum).
green ;Ri.10-15,swollen-tuberculate, + acute ;Sp.
7-10, all radials, to 3 cm lg., somewhat flattened, G. ochoterenaiBackbg. (2)
yellowish; FI.to 4 cm lg., shortly bellshaped, pink Bo. flat-spherical, olive-green; Ri.c. 16, becoming
to almost white.—Argentina (Córdoba), broad and flat; Tub.suffused brownish, hump-like;
v. albispinum (K. Sch.) Backbg.: Sp. whitish- Ar.white to yellowish; Sp.3-5 radials, mostly bent
grey; Tub. chin-like below; Csp. 1; Sp. in part towards the Bo., horn-coloured to whitish-yellow,
darker below, the Csp. shorter and more slender dark-tipped; FI. 3.5 cm lg., white, throat pale
than the stoutly subulate Rsp.; pink.—Argentina (La Rioja?).
v. parisiense (K. Sch.) Backbg.: Sp. stouter, An extremely variable spec., as can be seen from
interlacing, red below; FI.with a red throat. any larger-sized consignment of imported plants.
The more extreme variants—if seen by
G. netrelianum(Monv.) Br. & R. themselves—would be regarded as belonging to
Bo. simple, occasionally offsetting, spherical or different spec. In order to show the complex
broadly spherical, crown glabrous; Ri. 14, broad, adequately, the following principal varieties have
rounded, tuberculate, ± bluish; Rsp. 5-8, brown­ been established; between these there are always
ish, bristly, flexible, less than 1 cm lg.; Csp. intermediates which, depending on their habit, are
absent; FI.pale lemon-yellow, 5 cm lg., said to be referable to one or other variety. At the present
unisexual; inner Pet.broadly oblong, pointed; Fil. time no further subdivision is possible:
and style white.—Uruguay or Argentina. This v. cinereumBackbg.: Bo. more ashen to greyish-
spec, is regarded as synonymous with G. guer- green; Ri. and Tub. with broader humps; Sp.
keanum and G. uruguayense. Acc. to Dr. Weber it shorter, ± blackish at first; FI.shorter;
closely resembles G. hyptiacanthum but is much v. polygonum Backbg. n.v.: Bo. olive-grey to
smaller and has not the white FI. of the latter spec. suffused reddish-brownish; Ri. to ± 2 cm br.
below, (12-) 18-26; Ar. to 5 mm lg.; Rsp. ash-
G. nidulansBackbg. (2) grey to blackish at first, or when moist; FI.
Bo. solitary, tapering-spherical, to 10 cm h. and br., somewhat longer;Fr.to 4 cm lg., 1.9 cm 0, dirty
matt brownish-green; Ri.to 17; Tub. broader than red, with pink Sc. (Coll. Uhlig and Backeberg, U
high, divided by acute transverse notches, chin- 2169; collected by Fechser). (Fig. 142 above);
projection small; Ar.tufted, yellowish-grey; Rsp.c. v. tenuispinumBackbg. n.v.: Bo.fairly uniformly
6, curving upwards, more strongly projecting, tips flat-spherical, ± greyish-olive or suffused brown­
interlacing; Csp. sometimes 1; FI. + bellshaped to ish; Ri.c. 10-12, with a more conspicuous chin­
funnelform, Pet. pinkish-white, in several Ser., like protuberance; Sp. 3-5, shorter than in the
throatdarker.—Argentina (Mazan). type, light grey, horn-coloured at first or when
wet, reddish below; S.glossy, black, 0.75 mmlg.,
G. nigriareolatumBackbg. (2) ± cap-shaped, with a narrow oblong hilum
Bo.broadly spherical, simple, velvety bluish-green, having a swollen and protruding rim. (Coll.
to c. 15 cm 0; Ri. 10, medium-broad; Tub. Uhlig and Backeberg, U 2170; collected by
elongated, swollen, acute above, with a smallish Fechser). (Fig. 142, centre);
chin; Ar. at first with somewhat tufted yellowish- v. variispinum Backbg. n.v.: Bo. flat-spherical,
brown felt, soon becoming black, large, oblong; olive-green to ashen-olive or slightly brownish-
Rsp. 7-8, pinkish-grey, to 3 cm lg., sometimes ± green; Ri. c. 12, with acute transverse furrows
curving; Csp. rather longer; all Sp. dark-tipped at and fairly prominent chins; Sp. very variable in
first; FI.porcelain-white, slightly bellshaped; Sep. colour and more strongly projecting: yellowish,
191
GYMNOCALY CIUM

pinkish-brown, to black or bi-coloured (lighter, (certainly more in larger plants), rounded, made
with a ± reddish-brownish base), also variable tuberculate by the broad, acute, down-curved,
in length but longer than in the type, sometimes transverse notches over the Ar. ; Ar. large, oblong,
to 4 cm lg. (Coll. Uhlig and Backeberg, U 2168; thickly white-woolly ; Rsp. 6-9, ± curving, to 2.5
collected by Fechser). (Fig. 142 below.) cm lg. ; Csp. 1, mostly shorter than the longest
If the photos of the type-species are compared Rsp.; all Sp. whitish, tinged pink, dark-tipped,
with those of the varieties, considerable differ­ reddish-brown at first below, becoming rough ; FI.
ences will be noted. Only by showing the more to 5 cm lg. and 0 , beaker-shaped to funnelform,
widely diverging forms can one give any idea of white to salmon-pink, faintly violet at the base.—
the degree of variability of this spec., which Bolivia (Rio Pilcomayo) to N. Argentina (collected
proves yet again that specific descriptions based there by Fechser).
on single specimens are often incomplete, i.e.
they fail to give any idea of the possible G.platense(Speg.) Br. & R. (2)
range of variation. Bo. ± broadly spherical, green to darker bluish-
green; Ri. 8-14; Tub. broadly rounded because of
G. oenanthemum Backbg. (2) the shallow transverse indentations ; Sp.typically 7,
Bo. fairly depressed-spherical, becoming sub- soon becoming whitish, reddish below ; FI. with a
spherical, matt greyish to bluish-green, to c. 10 cm slender Tu. (only two-thirds as long as in G.
0 ; Ri.c. 10-11, to 2cm br. below; Tub. widening leptanthum), white, throat reddish.—Argentina
below, swollen, with a short sharp chin; Sp. (Prov. Buenos Aires).
typically 5, light grey, stout, sometimes reddish-
translucent; Csp. 0; FI.to c. 5 cm lg., wine-red to G. proliferum Backbg. : Gymnocalycium caloch-
salmon-coloured; Fr.ovoid, green.—Argentina. iorumv. proliferum(Bckbg.) Backbg.
G. onychacanthumY. Ito (3) G. pseudomalacocarpus Backbg. n. sp. (3)
Bo. flattened-spherical, simple, to 20 cm 0 ; Ri. Bo. flattened-spherical, 7 cm 0 and 3 cm h. has
divided into oblique Tub.; Sp. 9,stoutly subulate, been noted, resembling Malacocarpus (Wigginsia),
to 3 cm lg., pectinate, greyish-brown; FI.2.5 cm lg., dirty greenish-olive, the bleached flanks of the Ri.
bell shaped to funnelform, to 3 cm br., dirty white; suffused somewhat reddish during dormancy; Ri.
Tu. bluish.—Uruguay (?). c. 11, acute, transversely furrowed, with narrow
Tub., thickened around the Ar. ; Ar.c. 1.5 cm apart,
G. parvulum (Speg.) Speg. (2) + sunken; Sp. 3-5, directed sideways and down­
Bo. small-spherical, to 3 cm br. and h., dirty ashen- wards, to 1.7 cm lg., slightly curving, the lowest one
green ; Ri.mostly 13, with many Tub.; Sp.5-7, fine, stoutest, thickened below, sometimes an upper pair
often curving and appressed, to 4 mm lg., greyish- which is very thin and light-coloured, all Sp.
white; Csp. 0; FI. 4.5-6 cm lg., white.—ÑW. otherwise dull brown ; Csp. 0 ; Bl. ? Bud-
Argentina (San Luis). development marked by the development of tufts
of white H. in the Ar., suggesting the plant is
G. paediophilumRitt. (Not yet described) referable to Ser. “Schickendantziana”.—Bolivia
Bo. simple, subspherical, reaching flowering size (salt-dunes near San José, close to the Paraguayan
when 55 mm h. and c. 60 mm 0 ; Ri. 7, vertical, frontier) (Coll. Uhlig, U 2180; found by Father
with a tubercular prominence around the Ar.; Ar. Hammerschmid). (Fig. 143.) [Haage adds : Bolivia:
round, ± white-woolly, 5 mm 0 , 20 mm apart; discovered SE. of Taperas near Lourdes, by Father
Rsp. 9-12, to 20 mm lg., greyish-pink; Csp. 3, 2 of Klingler.]
these smaller, directed upwards, other one longer, This spec, is unusual because of its resemblance to
to 25 mm lg., projecting; FI.c. 53 mm lg., 54 mm 0 Malacocarpus (Wigginsia), with its narrow flanks
when open, creamy-yellowish at first, later white; and acute Tub. ; like G. griseo-pallidum, it had to be
Sep. with a broad grey M.-stripe, broad above, described before anything was known of the FI. so
rounded, narrower below; Pet. similarly shaped that the data about these unusual and outlying
but mucronate; throatred; Ov. bluish, with broad species should not be lost.
white-bordered Sc.; Fil. reddish; An. whitish-
ivory; style white; Sti. white; Fr. only 2 cm lg., G. pugionacanthum Backbg. n.sp. (2)
subspherical, bluish, with pink Sc.; S. blackish- Bo.simple, hemispherical, 10 cm 0 has been noted,
brown, pitted.—Paraguay (Cerro León). (FR1177.) deep bluish-green; Ri.c. 10, with a thin transverse
furrow, to 2.5 cm br., 8 mm h. ; Rsp. very stout, +
G. pflanzii(Vpl.) Werd. (2) appressed, 4 pairs directed laterally, one Sp.
Bo. broadly spherical, sometimes offsetting, to 50 pointing downwards, all 10-20 mm lg., somewhat
cm 0 , velvety, matt to yellowish-green; Ri. c. 7 compressed, black at first, then ash-grey or still

192
 GYMNOCALY CIUM

blackish above; Csp. 0; FI.4 cm lg., 4.5 cm 0 ; Tu. curving, thin-subulate, stiff, grey, black-tipped,
only 1.5 cm lg.; Sep. olive-green, with a white brownish below; Csp.0; FI.beaker-shaped, white;
border and red tip; Pet. creamy-white suffused throatbluish-red.—Bolivia (Rio Grande).
light grey, brownish-pink at the base, more pink
outside; Fil. cream; An. pink, with or without G. riojenseFric ex Paz (2)
pollen. Flowers in Europe end April.—N. Argen­ Bo.simple, dark green at first, then brownish-green
tina (Córdoba?) (Coll. Uhlig and Backeberg, U to brownish, to 10 cm 0 , 8 cm h. ;Ri.c. 15,1 cm br.
2148; gathered by Fechser; no further data below; Ar. 12 mm apart; Sp. mostly 5,appressed,
available re locality.) (Fig. 144.) pale brownish, brown above, 2 cm lg.; FI. 3.5 cm
0 ; Sep. rather obtuse, with a reddish or brownish
G. pulquinense (Card.) Hutch.: Weingartia pul- M.-line; Pet. paler, with a reddish M.-line; throat
quinensisCard, and its v. corroanaCard. carmine.—Argentina (La Rioja).
G. pungens Fleischer—Friciana Rada 1: 7, 4. 1962 G. ritterianumRausch
(2) Bo. simple or forming small groups, flattened-
Bo. simple, spherical, to 10 cm h., 8 cm 0 , dark spherical, as in G. megalothelos offsets often
green; Ri. 13, divided into + oblique Tub.; Ar. 5 develop in upper half of the Bo., light green or
mm lg., 2 mm br.; Rsp. 7; Csp. rarely 1-2; all Sp. tinged brownish, 3-4 cm h., to 11 cm 0 , with a long
rather thin, 4-4.5 cm lg., pale grey, darker-tipped; taproot; Ri. 10-12, vertical, divided into Tub. by
FI.4 cm lg., white; Ov. 1.2 cm lg., with hemispheri­ transverse furrows; Ar.sunken, in upper half of the
cal Sc.; Fr.spherical, light red.—Origin? Tub., 5 mm lg., white-felty; Rsp. 7-9, spreading,
curving to the Bo., to 25 mm lg., one Sp. directed
G. quehlianum(Hge. Jr.) Berg. (2) downwards; Csp. rarely 1, curving upwards, to 30
Bo. broad to flat-spherical or subspherical, mm lg.; all Sp.pinkish-brown; FI.apical, 65 mm lg.
reddish to greenish-grey, mostly to c. 7 cm 0 and and 75 mm 0 ; Tu. dark green, with rounded pink
more; R. thick, napiform; Ri. c. 11, made up Sc.; Sep. spatulate, pinkish-white with a greenish
entirely of Tub. to 12x15 mm, rounded or chin­ M.-stripe; Pet. spatulate, very br. white, glossy;
shaped and projecting; Rsp. 5, appressed, spread­ throatlight violet-pink; stylethick, 20 mm lg., with
ing, to 5 mm lg., translucent, horn-coloured, 10 yellowish Sti.; Fr. pear-shaped, bluish with
reddish below; Csp. 0; FI. with a slender Tu., to 6 whitish-pink Sc.; S. 1 mm 0 , blackish-brown.—
cm lg., pure white inside, throat reddish; S. Argentina (La Rioja, near Famatina, at 3000-3500
brown(!).—Argentina (Córdoba), m). Named for Friedrich Ritter.
v. albispinumBozs.: Sp.chalky-white, red below;
FI.larger; G. roseiacanthum hort. = G. calochlorum v.
v. flavispinumBozs.: Sp.concolorous yellow, not roseiacanthum: resembles G. sigelianum.
red below;
v. rolfianum Schick: Ri. to 10, broader, more G. saglione(Cels) Br. & R. (2)
obtuse; Sp. stouter, ivory above, reddish-brown Bo.simple, spherical, bluish-green, to 30 cm 0 ; Ri.
below; 13-32; Tub. low, broadly swelling, to 4 cm lg., with
v. zantnerianum Schick : Ri. to 15; Sp. pungent, an acute transverse furrow; Rsp. 8-10 at first, later
to 4 mm lg.; FI. lilac-pink outside; Fil.concol­ to 15 or more, to 4 cm lg.; Csp. 1 or several; Sp.
orous white or yellowish-white. reddish-brown to black, ± curving; FI.3.5 cm lg.,
white or faintly pink; Fr. reddish, 2 cm 0 . —N.
G. ragonesiiCast. (2) Argentina (Salta, Tucuman, Catamarca). Very
Bo.small, flat to hemispherical, smoky grey; Ri.10, variable.
very flat, only slightly transversely notched; Sp. 6, v. rubrispinum n.nud.: Sp.concolorous reddish;
appressed and spider-like, to 3 mm lg., bristly fine, probably a good variety.
whitish; Csp. 0; FI. to 4 cm lg; FI. creamy-white,
throat dull red; bud slender, smoky grey outside; G. sanguiniflorum (Werd.) Werd.: a form of
Pet. ?—Argentina (Catamarca). Gymnocalycium baldianum (Speg.) Speg.
G. rhodantherum Bod.: Gymnocalycium maz- G. schickendantzii(Web.) Br. & R. (3)
anensevar. breviflorumBackbg. Bo. simple, often broadly spherical, to c. 10 cm 0 ,
dark green; Ri.7-14 or more; Tub. obtuse, 5-sided,
G. riograndenseCard. (2) connected basally; Ar. oblong ; Rsp. 6-7, to 3 cm
Bo. simple, broadly spherical, to 6 cm h., to 20 cm lg., ± flattened and recurved, projecting, reddish-
0 , glossy, dark green; Ri.c. 13, to 3 cm br.; Tub. grey to horn-coloured; Csp.0; FI.to 5 cm lg., white
obtusely conical; Rsp. 8(-9), to 2.5 cm lg., slightly to somewhat reddish, pink inside, bellshaped to

193
GYMNOCAL YCIUM

funnelform; bud greenish-white; Tu. with some­ Gymnocalycium asterium Y. Ito and v. minimum
what acute light-bordered Sc.—NW. Argentina (Paz.) Backbg. (FR 1176.)
(Córdoba to Tucuman).
Sometimes in a single plant simultaneously there is G. stenopleurum Ritt.: Paraguay (Cerro León):
a continuous transverse division of the Tub., or the not yet fully described. (FR 1176.)
furrow is absent, or only short and inconspicuous.
It is therefore only possible to segregate and name a G. striglianumJeggle 1973
variety where both bud-colour and rib-form Bo. simple, 30-50 mm h., 40-80 mm br., epidermis
deviate from the description. In v. delaetii, for bluish-grey to brown; Ri. 8-12, notches rather
instance, it is only new tubercles that are sometimes wavy; Ar. ± oblong, to 5 mm lg., 2-3 mm br., with
discontinuous, while they are later marked with greyish-brown felt, 10-15 mm apart; Sp. 3-5, to 15
only a short transverse furrow, mm lg., blackish, not becoming grey; FI.40 mm 0 ,
v. delaetii(K. Sch.) Backbg.: Bo. lighter green; 50 mm lg., creamy-white, suffused pink; Tu.
Tub.rounded, not connected at the base (or with long, with round, white-bordered Sc.; style with
an acute transverse furrow); buds reddish; Tu. 10 yellowish Sti.; Fr. greyish-green, dehiscing
with rounded Sc. bordered pink to violet; FI. laterally; S.black, rough. Juvenile plants resemble
deeper pink, particularly inside. G. asterium and G. bodenbenderianum.—
Argentina (Mendoza).
G. schroederianumv. Osten (2)
Bo.broadly spherical; Ri.24, tuberculate; Ar.2 cm G. stuckertii(Speg.) Br. & R. (2)
apart; Rsp. 7, yellow, red below; Csp.0; FI.c. 7 cm Bo. subspherical, to 4 cm h., 6.5 cm 0 , dark green;
lg., greenish-white.—Uruguay. Ri. 9-11, later flattened; Tub. medium-sized,
rounded, chin not prominent; Rsp. 7-9, to 2.4 cm
G. sigelianum(Schick) Berg. (2) lg., pink to brown, scaly-pruinose; FI. 4 cm 0 ,
Bo. flat-spherical, to 7 cm br., brownish-grey or whitish to pink; Pet. + fleshy.—Argentina (Salta
dark brownish-green; Ri. 10, low, slightly tuber­ to Córdoba).
culate, distinctly transversely furrowed; Ar. white
at first; Sp. 3( 5), to 12 mm lg., stout, scaberulous, G. sutteriamun(Schick) Berg. (2)
whitish-grey, dark-tipped; Tu. fairly stout; FI. Bo. flat-spherical; Ri. 10; Tub. oblong, transverse
pink.—Argentina (Córdoba). furrows short, deep; Ar. whitish; Sp. mostly 5,
appressed, to 15 mm lg., whitish-grey; FI. large,
G. spegazziniiBr. & R. (2) whitish-pink.—Argentina (Córdoba). Possibly
Bo. simple, depressed-spherical at first, later only a form or variety of G. sigelianum (Schick)
sometimes + oblong, to 20 cm h., 18 cm 0 , bluish Berg.
or greyish-green to brownish; Ri. 10-15 or more,
broadly rounded, divided into Tub. by ± distinct G. tillianumRausch 1970
transverse furrows, to 4cm br.; Ar.yellowish-grey, Bo.simple, broadly spherical, to 10 cm h., to 15 cm
later grey; Rsp. 5-7, to 5.5 cm lg., pale reddish- 0 , bluish-grey to green; Ri.to 15, straight, 15-20
brown, pruinose, rough, at first dark brown to mm br., divided by transverse notches into angular
blackish or reddish-brown, or bi-coloured, pale Tub. 15-20 mm lg.; Ar.c. 8 mm lg., 5 mm br., felty;
pink below, dark above, stoutly subulate, ap- Rsp. in 3 pairs and 1 directed downwards,
pressed and + curving, ± thickened below; Csp. spreading, curving to the Bo.; Csp.0-1, projecting,
mostly 0, sometimes 1 ± porrect and slightly curving somewhat upwards; all Sp. to 30 mm lg.,
down-curving, more strongly thickened below; FI. subulate, thickened below, black to brown, later
to 7cm lg., 5cm0 , whitish to faintly pink, throat greying; FI. 30 mm lg. and 25 mm 0 ; Ov. short;
purple, Pet. sometimes with a broader red central Tu. green with pink Sc.; Pet. rounded, dark red;
zone;Fr. spherical-oblong, + pruinose;S. 1mm throat and Fil. carmine-pink; style and Sti. (8-9)
lg., dark brownish-red to black.—Argentina (Salta, orange-yellow; Fr.broadly spherical; S.scarcely 1
Cafayate, Valle de Lerma). (Fig. 145.) A magni­ mm lg., cap-shaped, testa brown.—Argentina
ficent and very variable spec. The following have (Sierra Ambato, 3500 m).
been segregated: Spec, resembles G. oenanthemum but is distin­
v. horizonthalonium (Fric), not described: Bo. guished by the longer Sp., the presence at times of a
flat-spherical; Sp. 5-7, greyish-black, light Csp., by the smaller darker FI. and different S.-
below. Only one of several forms; shape.
v. major Backbg.: Bo. brilliant bluish-green; Sp.
7-9, rusty to blackish-brown, clawlike; Ri.c. 20. G. tortuga hort. (3), collected by Blossfeld and
never described: Bo. to c. 10 cm 0 ; Tub. sharply
G. stellatum (Speg.) Speg. and v. minimum Paz.: chin-shaped; Sp. reddish-black at first, c. 7, to 1.5
194
 GYMNOCAL YCIUM

-to lg., becoming pinkish-grey, some Sp. + G. vatteriBum. (2)

.impressed; Csp. 0.May be variable: Isaw plants Bo. hemispherical at first, to 4 cm h., to 9 cm 0 ,
•::h a reddish chin and more yellowish Sp. (G. matt, olive-green; Ri. (8 )11(—16), 2.5 cm br.
ridae Y. Ito?).—Paraguay (?). below, to 12 mm h.; Tub. swollen and humped,
with an acute transverse notch below; Ar.grey; Sp.
G. triacanthumBackbg. (2) 1—3(—5), radial, ± appressed or projecting, horn-
Bo.spherical, sometimes projecting somewhat over coloured or a dirty darker colour, lower Sp.
the base, brownish to ashy-green; Ri. to c. 12, variable in length and curvature but these also
^:tened to rounded; Tub. indistinct, transverse sometimes projecting and fairly stout, other Sp.
notches short, acute; Rsp. almost always 3 (rarely bent and closely appressed; FI. 5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 ,
to 5), appressed, horn-grey, + gently curving; FI. white, throat reddish; S. 1 mm lg., glossy, light
: 5 cm lg., white, throatdarker.—Argentina. brown.—Argentina (Córdoba, Sierra Grande, near
Nono). (Fig. 146.) In the form with more con­
G. tudaeY. Ito (3) spicuously claw-like Sp., these can also be irre­
Bo. flat-spherical, 6 cm h., to 17 cm 0 , bluish- gularly interlacing.
green, ± velvety; Rsp. to 7, light yellow, darker-
pped; Csp. 0; FI. 4 cm lg. and 0 , white.— G. venturianum Fric: Gymnocalycium baldianum
Paraguay. (Speg.) Speg.

G. uebelmannianum Rausch I G. villa-mercadense (FR 6): no description avail-

Bo.simple, flattened-spherical, 1cm h., to 7cm 0 , I able.
::eyish-green, with a taproot; Ri. 8-12, straight,
::-.ided by transverse furrows into Tub. 5-8 mm G. weissianumBackbg. (2)
: Rsp. 5-7, chalky-white, 5-15 mm lg., curving Bo. broadly spherical, to 9 cm h., to 14 c m 0 , dull
downwards; Csp. 0; FI. 35 mm lg. and 0 , white; greyish-green; Ri. to 19, almost 2 cm br. below,
throat pink; style thick, yellow, with 10 Sti.; Fr. greatly swollen around the Ar.; Tub. with a chin­
oherical, 6 mm 0 , green with ochre-coloured Sc.; like protuberance; Ar. moderately felty; Rsp. 6-8,
5. 1 mm lg., matt black, with a basal hilum.— with laterally directed pairs, also one pointing
Argentina (Sierra de Velasco, 2200-2800 m). downwards, to 3 cm lg., light-coloured; Csp. 1,
Differentiated from G. andreae and G. baldianum pointing upwards; Sp. dark at first; FI. +
ibove all by the white Sp. and the greyish bellshaped to funnelform, brownish or whitish-
;r:dermis. pink, throatdarker.—Argentina (Mazan),
v. atroroseum Backbg.: differs in having longer,
G. uruguayense(Ar.)Br.& R. (2) stouter, interlacing Sp.and deep pink FI.;
Bo.flat-spherical, dark green; Ri. 12-13, with very v. cinerascens Backbg.: more depressed-
:.ump-like Tub.; Ar.grey at first; Sp. 3, radial, to 2 spherical ; Sp. ± black at first, then silver-grey,
cm lg., white; FI. c. 4 cm lg., broadly funnelform; straighter, but the Csp.curving upwards.
Aep.pale greenish-yellow, whitish inside; Pet.light
Jac-coloured to (sometimes, when fading?) white, G. westii Hutch.: Weingartia westii (Hutch.)
.:near-lanceolate; S. semi-matt, greyish-black.— Backbg.
Uruguay (Paso de los Toros).
The ± lilac-flowered form is also known as v. G.zegarraeCard. (2)
- tseiflorum (Fric) Y. Ito, but in my view it should Bo. simple, spherical, bluish-green, to 10 cm h., to
cot be segregated. G. artigas Hert., which is very 18 cm 0 ; Ri. 13; Tub. 5-6-sided, 2x3 cm; Ar.
vmilar in habit, is distinctive in having the FI. elliptic, light grey; Rsp. 8, ± pectinate, to 2.5 cm
Ymon-yellow inside. lg.; Csp. 1, somewhat longer; all Sp.greyish-white,
tipped brownish or blackish, stoutly subulate,
G. valnicekianumJajö(2) projecting and ± curving; FI. beaker-shaped,
Bo. broadly spherical at first, later spherical to 3.5-4.5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , white or delicate pink,
elongated, to 30 cm h., to 18 cm 0 , sometimes throatred; styleshort; Sti.reddish, long; S.0.5 mm
rffsetting to form groups, smooth, dark grass- lg., glossy, brown.—Bolivia (Perez-Mairana road).
green; Ri.c. 10(—13); Tub. swollen, rounded, Chin­
ese : Ar.light grey; Sp.variable in number, 7-15 or The following are, till now, only names by Ritter:
more whitish-grey to dirty white, thickened below; G. brevistylum (FR 1133); G. eurypleurum (FR
Csp. 1-6; FI.5 cm 0 , white; throatreddish; S.matt 1178); G. paediophilum (FR 1177); G. stenop-
black.—Argentina (Cordoba). leurum (FR 1176). The 3 last-named are from
Schütz also distinguishes v. centrispinum. Paraguay.

195
GYMNOCEREUS-HAAGEOCEREUS

Gymnocereus Backbg. (65) blackish, c. 6 scarcely distinguishable as centrals, to

4.5 cm lg., directed downwards; FI.4.5 cm lg. and
Tree-like Cerei with erect, deep green branches, 0 , opening widely, cream to white iqside.—N.
with numerous finely tuberculate ribs and the Peru (Rio Paucartambo, Jaupi Bajo).
areoles rather crowded, especially in the flowering
zone. They are characterised by the spines which G. microspermus(Werd. & Backbg.) Backbg. (T.)
are not stout, but longer, very flexible, pointing Bo. tree-like, to 6 m h., with a smooth terete trunk
downwards, or interlacing with those above and to 30 cm 0 , spineless below; Ri. to over 20; Ar.
below, later dropping, and the branches are then white; Sp. thin, + bristle-like and flexible, ±
subterete. The nocturnal flowers are funnelform chestnut-coloured, sometimes lighter, pointing
and glabrous, opening very widely and densely set downwards, 12-16 on new growth, to over 30 on
with large scales which become black as the flower older branches; FI. 6 cm lg. and 0 , white, with
fades. Seeds small, ± glossy black. Flowering fleshy Sc.; S. 1 mm lg., slightly glossy, brownish-
areoles are larger or more strongly felty. A group of black or completely black.—N. Peru (Canchaque
species of very uniform character.—Distribution: and Olmos valleys). (Fig. 147.)
N. Peru (Canchaque on the W. Andean slopes, to
the tropical valleys on the E. side, on the rivers Haagea schwartzii Fric (Porfiria coahuilensis
Marafion and Paucartambo). [(R).] Bod.): PorfiriaschwartziiBod.
Buxbaum(Kakt. u. a. sukk. Pflz., 14:10,185.1963)
states incorrectly that the name Gymnocereus is
illegitimate, since the group of species had already Haageocereus Backbg. (90)
been validly published by me as Gymnanthocereus
Backbg., with his illustration, and with G. A genus -with relatively numerous species; plants
chlorocarpus as the type-species. He refers this erect or prostrate, spines robust or finer, in some
plant (l.c.) to Browningia Br. & R. As I had cases interspersed with hairs, the central spines in
suggested in 1937 (BfK.), Cactus chlorocarpus part shorter, sometimes much longer. The flowers
HBK. later proved to belong to Seticereus. Since are funnelform, with the limb varying from narrow
the type-species has to retain the generic name, to wide, and coloured green to greenish-white to
Gymnanthocereus is a synonym of Seticereus; and white, or ± pink to dark red, but never yellow. The
it became necessary to find a new name for the fruits are mostly fairly large, weakly hairy,
genuinely glabrous-flowered plants: Gymnocereus subspherical berries. The genus occurs only in
Backbg., with his illustration, and with G. Peru, and only on the Pacific slopes, but with
“Browningia chlorocarpa” shows yet again how marked differences in altitude, from near sea-level
essential it is to have adequate knowledge of the up to 2400 m. The flowers are always nocturnal,
living material. It is also reasonable to ask what opening at different times during the afternoon and
benefit can come from his combination with the sometimes still remaining + open for a time the
conspicuously dimorphic genus Browningia, in following morning. 48 species, nearly all of them
addition to the inclusion of Azureocereus (see these vigorous-growing and thus welcome additions to
genera also). The erection of Gymnanthocereus in our collections, especially on account of their
1937 was due to the use of inadequate dry material bright spine-colours, running from pure white to
and to the incomplete understanding at that time of yellow and red to dark brown and blackish. The
the Peruvian cerei. (See also Seticereus.) descriptions given refer almost exclusively to plants
grown in habitat, since material from other sources
G. altissimus (Ritt.) Backbg. would probably not be identifiable: it is a
Bo.tree-like, to 5 m h. (dry areas) to 10 m h. (wetter characteristic of Haageocereus that plants grown
zones), with a stout trunk; Ri.7-8; Ar.with brown in more northerly latitudes or in a glasshouse have
felt, becoming grey, also with white H. at first; Rsp. weaker spination, the central spines being
5-6, 5-10 mm lg., + projecting; Csp. mostly conspicuously shorter; the colouring however is
1( 2— 4), 2-6 cm lg., projecting or directed down­ retained for a long time, so that the plants for the
wards; FI. 5-6 cm lg., slightly perfumed, with most part become even more attractive. Unless
crowded broad Sc.; Pet. greenish-white, strongly dual descriptions could be provided to reflect these
recurved.—Peru (Maranon, Bellavista). differences, other characters would have to be
employed for a diagnosis. Imported plants grown
G. amstutziaeRauh & Backbg. in sunnier and warmer climates usually retain their
Bo. tree-like, 5 m h.; branches 5-6 cm 0 at first, natural character, so that the latter has to be taken
stouter later, greyish to dirty green; Ri. 11 at first; as the basis for any descriptions. In some species it
Ar.brownish, crowded; Sp.toe. 15, + bristle-like, has been necessary to introduce varieties because,
± brittle, brownish at first, soon dark grey to although there is a natural variability, new
196
 HAAGEOCEREUS

growth—and all Haageocereus species offset from otherwise conspicuously thick (Canete and Pisco
low on the body or from the base—may be different valleys);
in colour from older stems.—Distribution: v. fortalezensis Rauh & Backbg.: Ar. with
throughout the Pacific region of Peru, mostly persistent woolly flock; habit later more de­
below 1000 m altitude. [(R).] 5 Series have been cumbent; Csp. not very long, light brown (Rio
distinguished, and these are reproduced below in Fortaleza);
order to simplify identification: v. metachrous Rauh & Backbg.: Sp. light brown
Plants erect (or at to coffee-coloured, at first interspersed with fine
least predominantly Br.-Sp.(Pisco valley, 2000 m).
so)
Spines stout FF. akersiiBackbg. (4)
Stems stouter, Bo.robust, erect, to 1m h.; St.10-15, to 7 cm 0 ; Ri.
sometimes with api­ 17-18; Rsp.c. 23, to 1cm lg.,fine, pale yellow; Br.-
cal bristles............ 1. Acranthi Backbg. Fi. to 25, silky, to 4 cm lg., white; main Sp. 1-2,
Spines finer flexible, to 4.5 cm lg., yellowish, brown-tipped; FI.
Stems more slen­ 7 cm lg., 5 cm 0 , deep purplish-pink; Fr.4 cm lg.,
der, without bristles 2. Versicolores Backbg. ovoid, bluish-red.—Central Peru (Cajamarquilla).
Stems stouter
Without hairs bet­ FF. albidus Ritt.: an undescribed name.
ween the spines... 3. Asetosi Backbg.
With hairs (bris­ FI. albisetatus(Akers) Backbg. (4)
tles) between the Bo.erect, to 2 m h.; St.to 6 cm 0 ; Ri.25-26; Rsp.
spines................. 4. Setosi Backbg. c. 25, short, bristly, to 13 mm lg., yellowish at first,
Plants prostrate........ 5. Decumbentes Backbg. then whitish; Br.white, short, to 1 mm lg.; Csp. 0,
or 1 thin-acicular, to 1.5 cm lg., coloured like the
The appropriate Series is indicated by the figure in Rsp.; FI. greenish-white, to 4.5 cm 0 ; Fr. 4.5 cm
brackets after the specific name. lg., yellowish-red.—Central Peru (Eulalia valley,
1000 m).
H. acanthocladusRauh & Backbg. (3) v. robustusAkers: FI.reddish; only a form?
Bo. branching and bushy, to 70 cm h. ; branches 6
cm 0 ; Ri. 18; Rsp. numerous, stout, to 1.5 cm lg. ; H. albispinus(Akers) Backbg. (4)
main Sp. 1-2, fairly stout, to 5 cm lg., projecting Bo.erect, to 1m h., to 15 St., 7-9 cm 0 ; Ri.25-26;
upwards and downwards and interlacing, yellow Rsp. 20-25, to 5 mm lg., pale yellow; Br. 30-35,
below, brown-tipped; FI. c. 10 cm lg., greenish- white, to 7 mm lg.; Csp. 1, to 1.2 cm lg., yellowish;
white; Fr. 2 cm 0 , wine-red.—Central Peru (Rio FI.4 cm br., deep red with a bluish or orange tinge;
Huaura [Churin valley] ; Sayan, 900 m). Fr. 6 cm 0 . —Central Peru (Eulalia valley). (Fig.
148.)
H. achaetusRauh & Backbg. (1) v. floribundus (Akers) Backbg.: St. somewhat
Bo. little branching, to 1.2 m h.; shoots to 15(—20) more slender; Sp. yellower, somewhat longer;
cm 0 ; Ri. 13; Ar. ochreous-brown at first; Rsp. FI.more numerous;
numerous, to 1.5 cm lg., yellow-ochre; Csp.mostly v. roseospinus(Akers) Backbg.: St.to only 7 cm
I, longer, to 5 cm lg., very stout, ochreous-brown 0 ; Csp. more distinctly projecting, pink.
with lighter zones; FI.c. 5 cm lg., white.—Central
Peru (Churin valley, 1200 m, rare). H. ambiguus Rauh & Backbg. (5)
Bo. prostrate, branching from the base;St. to 80
FI.acranthus(Vpl.) Backbg. (1) cm lg., 4 cm 0 ; Ri. 15-16; Rsp.numerous, to 1cm
Bo. erect, or prostrate and then ascending, to 3 m lg., brownish to later greyish-violet; main Sp.
lg. if prostrate; shootsto 8 cm 0 ;Ri. 12-14, more 1— 2(— 3), mostly 1, to 5 cm lg., directed downwards,
tuberculate at first; Ar.yellow to dark brown; Rsp. appearing reddish-brown against the light, prui-
c. 20-30, yellow, to 1 cm lg.; Csp. set in nose below at first, and later throughout.—S. Peru
transitional Sp., several stouter, one longest Sp. to (Atico).
4 cm lg.; FI. 6-8 cm lg., ± greenish-white; Fr. v. reductus Rauh & Backbg.: Ri. 17-18; Rsp.
broadly spherical, green at first.—Central Peru only 5-7 mm lg.; main Sp. only 2.5 cm lg., one
(type locality: Rirnac valley, Santa Clara, 400-600 shorter and thinner, leather-brown, tipped
m; from the valley of the Rio Fortaleza to that of violet-brown.
the Rio Pisco, at 400-2400 m).
v. crassispinus Rauh & Backbg.: Bo. more H. aureispinusRauh & Backbg. (3)
strongly branching; Csp. sometimes absent. Bo. erect, to 80 cm h.; St. 6-8 cm 0 ; Ri. 18-20,

197
HAAGEOCEREUS

fresh green; Ar. crowded, whitish-yellow; Rsp. H. chrysacanthus(Akers) Backbg. (4)

30-40, to 1 cm lg., brilliant yellow, without Br.; Bo.erect, to 1m h.; St.to 25 together, to 7.5 cm 0 ;
Csp. l(-2), to 4 cm lg., light yellow at first, dark- Ri. 17-18; Sp. to c. 65, dissimilar, to 12 mm lg.,
tipped, later reddish to blackish-violet, pruinose; yellowish with brownish flecks; main Sp.2-3, thin,
FI. 6-7 cm lg., to 3 cm 0 , pure white; Fr. + sharp, to 4.5 cm lg.; Br.-H. c. 15, yellowish-white,
spherical, wine-red.—Peru (Canta valley, Rio to 17 mm lg.; FI.5 cm 0 , greenish-white; Fr.4 cm
Chillon, 800-1200 m). lg., green to reddish-green.—Central Peru (Pan­
v. fusdspinus Rauh & Backbg.: Sp. reddish- americana Km 226, N. of Lima).
brown at first; Csp. 1-2, light brown below,
tipped dark brown, later black; H. chryseus Ritt.: undescribed: Haageocereus
v. rigidispinus (Rauh & Backbg.) Rauh & chrysacanthus(Akers) Backbg.
Backbg.: Rsp. 40-50, 8 mm lg., amber-coloured
at first, often tipped reddish-brown; Csp. 1-2, H. clavatus (Akers) Cullm.: Haageocereus
one to 4 cm lg., much thickened below, one Sp. pseudomelanostelev. clavatus(Akers) Backbg.
somewhat shorter, appressed downwards, col­
oured like the Csp. of the preceding variety; FI. H. clavispinusRauh & Backbg. (1)
5-6 cm lg., greenish outside, white inside. Bo.mostly directed upwards, to 1m h.; St.to 10 cm
0 ; Ri. 13; Ar.large, grey; Rsp.numerous, stout, c.
H. australisBackbg. (5) 25; transitionalSp.thicker, to 12, to 1 cm lg.; main
Bo. prostrate, to 1 m lg., R. napiform and Sp.l, thick and nail-like, to 3 cm lg.; all Sp.violet-
branching; St.to over 25 cm lg., 4-6 cm 0 , darker grey at first, then grey, granular and rough; FI.to
green to greyish-green; Ri.c. 14 or rather more; Ar. 6.5 cm lg., white, reddish outside; Fr. 2.5 cm lg.,
light brownish at first; Rsp.c. 20, hyaline, fine, to 8 dark green.—Peru (Ataconga Desert, 200 m). (Fig.
mm lg.; Csp. more numerous, sometimes scarcely 149.)
differentiated, stouter; main Sp. 1(— 2), pale horn-
coloured, brownish above at first, thickened below, H. comosus Rauh & Backbg. (3)
to 4.5 cm lg.; FI.white, more strongly hairy, c. 7 cm Bo.erect, to 1.3 m h.; St.to 10 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 20; Ar.
lg., 3.5 cm 0 ; Fr. eventually pink, c. 4 cm lg.—S. white; Rsp.numerous, thin, yellow; Br.-H.erect, to
Peru (from Atico southwards, in the coastal zone) 3.5 cm lg., white; mainSp.yellow, thin, flexible, to 3
and neighbouring N. Chile, cm lg., later directed ± downwards; FI. red,
v. acinacispinus Rauh & Backbg.: St. to 50 cm chocolate-coloured outside; Fr.4 cm 0 , yellowish-
lg., prostrate, 4—5 cm 0 ; R.napiform; Rsp.thin, green with a pink tinge.—Central Peru (Eulalia
reddish-violet at first; Csp. 2-3, to 3 cm lg., valley, 1000 m).
thickened below, ± angular, curving upwards
and sabre-like, colour as for the Rsp., later H. convergens Ritt.: undescribed (? Loxantho-
silvery-grey, black-tipped; FI. to 10 cm lg., less cereus).
hairy than the type, but somewhat more so than
H. decumbens, white (?).—S. Peru (coast, near H. crassiareolatusRauh & Backbg. (4)
Atico, Panamericana Km 697). Bo.erect, to 1m h.; St.to c. 6 cm 0 or rather more;
Ri. 18; Ar. whitish-yellow at first; Rsp. numerous,
H. bicolor Ritt., undescribed: Haageocereus to 8 mm lg., bristly, fine; transitionalSp. similarly;
dichromus Rauh & Backbg. ? Br.-H.to 1.3 cm lg.; mainSp.to 2 cm lg.; outer Sp.
pale yellowish, inner ones greyish-yellow; FI.8 cm
lg., whitish-green, outer Pet. grey; Fr. 5 cm lg.,
H. chalaensis Ritt.: undescribed. red.—Peru (Churin valley. Rio Huaura, 1200 m).
v. smaragdisepalusRauh & Backbg.: Bo.thicker,
FI.chosicensis(Werd. & Backbg.) Backbg. (4) to 8 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 20; Rsp.to 1.8 cmlg.; Csp. 1, to
Bo.erect, to 1.5 mh., forming groups ;Ri.c. 19; Ar. 3.5 cm lg., often flecked; Tu. and FI. vivid
yellowish-white; Rsp. radiating, 30 or more, emerald-green outside; Pet. pale green.—Peru
sometimes bristly, fine; Br.-H. fine; Csp. 3-4, 1-2 (Churin valley, 1400 m).
more conspicuous in addition to the transitional
Sp., ± subulate, to 2 cm lg.; Sp. varying in colour H. decumbens (Vpl.) Backbg. (5)
from whitish to rusty-yellow or brownish; FI.with Bo. decumbent, often in colonies; St. to 5 cm 0 ;
a slender tube, lilac-red to carmine-violet; Fr. Ri.c. 20; Rsp. numerous, to 30 or more, to 5 mm
spherical, green to pink.—Central Peru (Chosica lg., light-coloured; Csp. 1-2 as main Sp., to 5 cni
and the Eulalia valley). lg., often directed downwards, light to dark brown;
v. rubrospinus (Akers) Backbg.: main Sp. FI. c. 8 cm lg., c. 4.5 cm 0 , white, brownish-green
reddish-brown. outside, only slightly hairy.—S. Peru (neigh-
198
 HAAGEOCEREUS

bourhood of Chala and Mollendo). outside; Fr. wine-red, 4 cm lg.—Peru (Trujillo,

v. multicolorispinusBuin.: occurs between Nazca Panamericana Km 720). (Fig. 150 left.)
and Lomas, on sandy dunes, almost without v. sphaerocarpus Rauh & Backbg.: to 1.3 m h.;
water, coming into growth whenever moisture is St. to 10 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 22; Rsp. strongly
available. Also found in Dept. Arequipa and lea; interlacing; main Sp. 1-2, to 9 cm lg., yellowish
v. spinosiorBackbg.: Csp.confused and interlac­ below, brownish above; FI. to 7 cm lg., white,
ing, to 10 cm lg., silvery-grey. greenish-red outside; Fr.spherical, c. 2-3 cm 0 ,
wine-red.- Peru (Rio Fortaleza, Km 230).
H. deflexispinusRauh & Backbg. (1)
Bo. erect; St.to 1.5 m h., to 12 cm 0 ; Ri. 12, with H. icensis hort.: a spec, collected by Ritter: Bo.
Y-furrows; Ar.light brown; Rsp.stout, to 1cm lg., slender, Sp. dense, mostly alike, stout, reddish-
amber-coloured at first; main Sp. 1, to 8 cm lg., brown.
amber-coloured, very stout, directed downwards;
FI.?—Peru (Churin valley, Rio Huaura, 1200 m). H. icosagonoidesRauh & Backbg. (2)
Bo. erect, branching and bushy, to 1.5 m h.; shoots
H. dichromusRauh & Backbg. (4) to 5 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 20; Ar.brownish; Sp.fine, dense,
Bo. erect, to 1 m h.; St. to 8 cm 0 ; Ri. 20; Ar. amber-coloured, reddish in the crown, to 1 cm lg.;
yellowish; Rsp. numerous, fine, 8 mm lg., reddish- Csp. not distinguishable; flowering region with
brown at first; Br. sparse; main Sp. pungent, to 2 persistent flock; FI. 6 cm lg., white.—Peru (Rio
cm lg., mid to lemon-yellow or intermediate Sana valley).
colours to garnet-red, sometimes banded; FI.
white, wine-red outside; Tu. green.—Peru (Churin H. lachayensisRauh & Backbg. (1)
•alley, Rio Huaura, 1200 m). Bo. erect; St.to c. 8 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 12 or more; Ar.
v. pallidiorRauh & Backbg.: St.to 5 cm 0 ; Ri. very felty; Rsp. to 50, acicular, radiating; Csp.
c. 18;Sp.shorter,equal, toe. 5mmlg., ± whitish somewhat stouter, several still more robust, 1-2
or yellowish or pale reddish below, tipped longest, to c. 3 cm lg., mostly pointing upwards and
coppery or greyish-reddish; Br.sparse; mainSp. downwards, chestnut-brown, yellowish at first
mostly missing, or to 2 cm lg. (Churin valley, below; FI. ?— Peru (Chanchay, Lomas de Lachay,
1700 m). 500 m).
H. divaricatispinusRauh & Backbg. (4) H. laredensis(Backbg.) Backbg. (3)
Bo. erect, freely offsetting, to 1.2 m h.; St.to 10-15 Bo. erect; St. to c. 7 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 18; Sp. 40-45,
cm 0 ; Ri. 18-19; Ar. whitish; Rsp. projecting, golden-yellow, brownish in the crown, to 12 mm
;•ellow to purplish-reddish; Br.-H. erect; main Sp. lg.; Csp. one, longer, directed upwards; FI.
mostly 1, to 4 cm lg., directed upwards, outwards or white.—N. Peru (Laredo).
downwards, also 3-6 shorter Sp., greyish-yellow v. longispinusRauh & Backbg.: Bo.to 1m h.; St.
below, brownish above; FI. 10 cm lg., with to 5 cm 0 ; Rsp. densely interlacing, amber-
staminodial H. inside, Pet. and Tu.dark purple; Fr. coloured ; main Sp. 1-3 distinguishable, to 6 cm
ovoid, to 6cm lg., 4cm 0 , pale wine-red.—Central lg., flexible.—Peru (Rio Fortaleza valley).
Peru (Lurin valley, frequently seen at 800-1200 m).
H. limensis (SD.) Ritt. irecombined from Cereus
H. elegans and v. heteracanthus Ritt.: undescribed, limensis SD., an old name which can no longer be
probably identical with H. versicolor (Werd. & identified with certainty.
Backbg.) Backbg.
H. litoralisRauh & Backbg. (5)
H. fulvus Ritt.: v. gautanensis Ritt. (FR 1067): Bo. decumbent, to 80 cm lg.; St.c. 8 cm 0 ; Ri. 16;
description not available. Rsp.numerous, 8-10 mm lg.; mainSp. 1-2, to 2 cm
lg.; Sp.yellowish at first below, darker towards the
H. horrensRauh & Backbg. (3) tip; FI. white, greenish outside.—S. Peru (coast
Bo. erect, to 1 m h., more freely branching; St. to near Atico).
5.5 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 18, pure green; Rsp. over 60, stiffly
acicular, projecting, to 1 cm lg.; Csp. several, H. longiareolatusRauh & Backbg. (4)
indistinctly differentiated, stouter to subulate, Bo. erect, to 1 m h.; St. to 6.5 cm 0 ; Ri. 20; Ar.
mostly 2 longer ones, pointing upwards and white, to 6 mm lg.; Rsp. c. 30-50, to 4 mm lg.,
downwards, to 4 cm lg., horn-coloured to grey, yellowish; Br.-H. in the crown; main Sp. 1— 2(^4),
dark above or flecked; Sp.dense, projecting stiffly, to 2.5 cm lg., reddish-yellow at first; Sp.fairly rigid,
the radials horn-coloured, indistinctly flecked, scarcely interlacing; FI. ?; Fr. ?—Central Peru
yellowish below; FI. greenish-white, greenish-red (Eulalia valley, 1000 m).

199
HAAGEOCEREUS

H. mamillatusRauh & Backbg. (5) to 16; FI. 8 cmlg., white;

Bo. prostrate; St.to 50 cm lg., to 3.75 cm 0 ; Ri.c. sv. erythranthus Rauh & Backbg,: same charac­
16-17; Rsp. 20-30, to 5 mm lg.; main Sp. 1-2, to ters; FI. red (Fig. 150 right);
3(—5) cm lg.; all Sp.brownish to darker, or darker- v. rubrifloriorRauh & Backbg.: St.to only 6 cm
tipped; FI. ? (white?).—S. Peru (road 0 ; Ri. 13; FI. vivid red, to 8 cm lg.;
Camana-Arequipa, Km 165, 400 m). v. subintertextus Rauh & Backbg.: St. to 10 cm
v. breviorRauh & Backbg.: St.to 20 cm lg., 4-5 0 ; Ri. 14; Rsp. bristly, interlacing; main Sp.
cm 0 ; Ri. 17-18; Rsp. very thin, to 5 mm lg., mostly l(-3), to 3 cm lg.; FI. 5-6 cm lg., greenish-
greyish-white; main Sp. 2-3, to 4 cm lg., light white. Differentiated by shorter FI. and denser
brown at first, dark-tipped, later pruinose; Sp.
intermediateSp. (between radials and main Sp.) In cultivation the type also has denser and thin-
obliquely projecting; FI. ?—S. Peru (desert acicular, chestnut-brown Sp.; the varieties differ in
between Ocona and Camana, 500 m). Cultivated the softer, dense, violet-brown Sp., the colour being
form with white Sp., Csp. shorter, dark-tipped. most intense in the apical region.
H. marksianus Ritt.: Haageocereus dichromus H. pacalaensisBackbg. (3)
Rauh & Backbg. (?) Bo.erect, yellowish-green, to 1.7 m h.; St.10-12 cm
0 ; Ri. 17-20; Ar. brownish; Rsp. to c. 25, to 1 cm
H. multangularis (Willd.) Ritt.; Cactus multan- lg., fine, radiating; Csp. stouter, c. 4, to 1 cm lg.,
gularis Willd. is a name which, acc. Werdermann, sometimes also 1-2 to 7 cm lg., flexible, directed
cannot now be clarified because of both the downwards; all Sp.yellow; FI.c. 10 cm lg., white;
richness of forms in Haageocereus, and the number Fr. 8 cm across, broadly spherical, reddish-
of species; any combination with Haageocereus green.—N. Peru (close to the coast. Dept. Liber-
would therefore be dubious. tad).
H. multicolorispinus Buin.—Sukkde. (SKG), H. pacalaensis v. laredensis (Backbg.) Krainz:
VII/VIII: 41. 1963 (3 or [?] 5). Haageocereuslaredensis(Backbg.) Backbg.
Bo.slender-columnar, ± erect, branching from the
base; St.to 1 m lg., 3.5 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 15; Rsp. c. 30, H. pacalaensis v. longispinus (Rauh & Backbg.)
bristly, fine, white, to 5 mm lg.; Csp. 4-8, white, Krainz: Haageocereus laredensis v. longispinus
black-tipped, darker at the base; most Sp. light Rauh & Backbg.
yellowish-red, later greyish-white, to 5 mm lg., one
of them to 2.5 cm lg., thickened below; FI.8 cm lg., H. pacalaensis v. repens (Rauh & Backbg.) Krainz:
6.5 cm 0 ; Tu. reddish-brown; Sep. reddish- HaageocereusrepensRauh & Backbg.
brown; Pet.white; Fr. oval, carmine to purple; S.
cap-shaped.—Peru (between Nazca and the sea, H. pacaranensis and v. tenuispinus Ritt.: not
on sandy dunes). described: to 50 cm h., with fine yellow or brown-
In the wild probably not completely erect; close to tipped Sp.; no further clarification.
H. australis which has a Csp. thickened below, but
differing in the number and the three colour-zones H. pachysteleRauh & Backbg. (4)
of the Sp. as well as the rotate FI. with crowded Bo.erect, branching from the base, to 80 cm h.; St.
Pet., and the sparse H. of the Tu. 10-15 cm 0 ; Ri. 16-20; Ar. yellow-ochre; Rsp.
numerous, ± subulate, to 1 cm lg., c. 17-20 which
H. ocona-camanensis Rauh & Backbg. is probably are stiffer, also to 40 which are bristly, thin, white,
a Loxanthocereus with lighter Rsp.; FI. not to 1.5 cm lg.; Br.-H. sparse, to 1.5 cm lg.; main Sp.
known. l(-3), to 3 cm lg., erect or porrect, amber-coloured,
brown-tipped; FI.white, greenish outside; Fr.4 cm
H. olowinskianusBackbg. (1) 0 , pale wine-red.—Central Peru (Churin valley,
Bo. erect, slender, branching quite freely from the Sayan, 900 m).
base, to 1 m h., leaf-green; St.to 7 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 13;
Ar. yellowish-white, surmounted by a V-furrow; H. paradoxus Rauh & Backbg. (3)
Rsp. over 30, firm, to over 1 cm lg.; Csp. 10-12, Bo.low-growing, to 25 cm h.; St.4 cm 0 ; Ri.c, 17;
scarcely differentiated, 1— 2( 3) as stouter main Sp. Br. absent; Rsp. bristly, fine, to over 1 cm lg.,
to 6 cm lg.; Sp.on plants in the wild stouter than in reddish at first, becoming whitish with a coloured
cultivated plants, reddish or rusty-brown; FI.c. 8 tip; main Sp. firmer but very flexible, to 6 cm lg.,
cm lg., white.—Central Peru (50 km S. of Lima, mostly solitary, scarcely pungent, reddish to red at
close to the sea, in a restricted area). first, eventually black; FI.?—Central Peru (Eulalia
v. repandusRauh & Backbg.: St.to 10cm 0 ; Ri. valley, 1000 m [No. K 42]).
200
 HAAGEOCEREUS

H. peculiaris Ritt.: Loxanthocereus peculiaris cm 0 , greenish-white.—Central Peru (Cajamar-

Rauh & Backbg. ? quilla, 500 m).
v. carminiflorus Rauh & Backbg.: Bo. to 1.2 m
H. penicillatusRauh & Backbg. (4) h.; St.to 10 cm 0 ; Ar.whitish; main Sp. 1-2, to
Bo.to 50 cm h.; St.to (over ?) 4 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 15; all 3 cm lg.; FI. 8 cm lg., carmine.—Central Peru
Sp. densely projecting, + equal, brush-like, fine, (Eulalia valley, 1000 m);
flexible, whitish below, reddish above, especially at v. clavatus(Akers) Backbg.: Bo.to 1 m h.; St.to
the apex; Br.only sparse; Csp.scarcely distinguish­ 10 cm 0 ; Ri. 18-20; Rsp. c. 30, yellow, flecked
able, but sometimes longer-projecting; FI. ?— brown; Br.-H. 30-35, yellowish; main Sp. 2,
Central Peru (Eulalia valley, 1000 m [No. K40]). yellow, brown-tipped, to 4 cm lg.; FI. 6.5 cm lg., 5
cm 0 , deep pink.—Peru (N. of the Lurin valley,
H. piliger Rauh & Backbg. (4) in the canyons of the coastal mountains).
Bo. fairly stout, to 70 cm h.; St. to almost 20 cm 0
but mostly 10 cm; Ri. to 17; Ar. whitish; Rsp. very H. pseudoversicolorRauh & Backbg. (2)
finely acicular, pale yellowish, rather stiff; Br.-H.to Bo. erect, branching from the base and bushy, to
2.5 cm lg., white, erect, closely covering the Bo.; I. 2 m h.; branches 8-10 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 18; Ar.
main Sp. 0 1(— 2), to only 2 cm lg., yellowish; FI. brownish, the wool from the FI.-bud sometimes
white(?), to 5 cm lg.—Central Peru (Pachacamac). persisting; Rsp. numerous, to 1 cm lg., yellowish-
Cultivated form with all H. and Br. white. brown; Csp. 1(— 2), to 3 cm lg., pale brown to
darker, directed + downwards; FI. to 5.5 cm lg.,
H. platinospinus(Werd. & Backbg.) Backbg. (5) white; Fr.to 3 cm 0 , greenish-red.—N. Peru (Rio
Bo. decumbent; St. to 5 cm 0 and more; Ri. Safia valley, 100-200 m).
13-15; Ar. oblong, yellowish-brown, later grey and
fairly large; Rsp. c. 10-13, to 1.5 cm lg.; Csp. 1-4, H. repensRauh & Backbg. (5)
stoutly subulate, to 7 cm lg.; all Sp. lighter to Bo.prostrate, often very sinuate, St.decumbent, to
darker brown (to almost black) at first, later 2 m lg., to-8 cm 0 ; Ri. 19; Ar. yellow-ochre; Br.
silvery-white, especially the Csp., all dirty dark absent; Rsp.c. 40, ± erect, to 10mm lg., very thin,
brown when moist; FI. white, c. 7 cm lg.; Tu. + yellow-ochre at first; main Sp. 1(2), less stout,
brownish-red.—S. Peru (near Arequipa, to 1.5cm lg.; Sp. amber-coloured at first; FI.to 7
2200-2400 m). cm lg., to 3.5cm 0 , opening widely, pure white.—
N. Peru (S. of Trujillo, coastal sandy desert, Km
H. pluriflorusRauh & Backbg. (1) 535).(Fig. 151.)
Bo. erect, strongly branching from the base, to 80
cm h., light greyish-green; St.to 10 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 11; H. rubrospinus(Akers) Backbg.
Rsp. to 15, to c. 8 mm lg., pruinose, light grey, Bo. to 1.5 m h. and 6 cm thick; Sp. dense, fine,
tipped brownish; Csp. 1(— 2) to 6 cm lg., directed yellowish and reddish, with fine white bristly H.;
obliquely downwards, violet-brownish at first, later FI. to 6 cm br., carmine-pink, opening widely.—
light grey; all Sp. yellowish at first below, tipped Peru.
blackish-brown; FI. numerous, to 12 cm lg., to 4.5
cm 0 ; Tu.brownish; Pet.creamy-white; Fr. ?—S. H. salmonoideus(Akers) Backbg. (4)
Peru (Rio Majes, Hacienda Ongoro, 800-1200 m). Bo. erect, to 1 m h.; St.to 10 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 22; Br.
short, white; Rsp. c. 60-80, 30 % of these being Br.
H. pseudoacranthusRauh & Backbg. (1) to 8 mm lg., yellow at first; mainSp. 1-2, stouter, to
Bo. erect, branching from the base; Ri. c. 13; Ar. 2 cm lg., light yellow, shorter in cultivation; FI. 6
brownish, surmounted by a V-furrow; Sp. 3- cm lg., pink; Fr. 6.5 cm 0 , green, pink above.—
seriate: the lowest ones to 20, thin, acicular, Central Peru (Rimac valley above Chosica).
transitional Sp. 6 or more, ± subulate, main Sp. v. rubrispinus Rauh: Sp. brown to reddish-
1-201), subulate, porrect, brownish; FI. ?— brown (Lurin valley, 1000-1200 m).
Central Peru (Lurin valley(?); Churin valley, 1000
m). H. seticepsRauh & Backbg. (4)
Bo. to 1 m h.; St.to 5 cm 0 ; Ri. 19; Ar. strongly
H. pseudomelanostele (Werd. & Backbg.) Backbg. felty; Rsp. c. 50, 5 mm lg., thin; apical Br. short;
(4) (T.) Csp. 1-4, to 4 cm lg., bristly, thin, sometimes
Bo.erect, branching from the base, to 1 m h.; St.to stouter or contorted, projecting above, yellowish at
10 cm 0 ; Ri.to over 18-22; Ar. moderately felty; first; FI. red(?); Fr. wine-red, to 2.5 cm 0
Rsp.numerous, golden-yellow; Br.-H.fine, under 2 Central Peru (Eulalia valley, 1000 m).
cm lg., later dropping; mainSp. 1or more, stouter, v. robustispinus Rauh & Backbg.: Ri. fewer, c.
distinctly longer, some to 8 cm lg.; FI. to 5 cm lg., 3 17; Csp. to 2.2 cm lg., + reddish-brown at first;

201
HAAGEOCEREUS

Br. 1.5 cm lg., white; FI.wine-red; Fr. as in the v. maculatus Rauh & Backbg.: Sp. somewhat
type. shorter; main Sp. directed more strongly down­
wards, amber-coloured to flecked reddish-
H. setosus(Akers) Backbg. (4) yellow; FI. 8 cm lg., white; Fr. to 2 cm 0 , light
Bo. columnar, 1-3 m h., to 25 St.together, to 6 cm wine-red. Peru (Nazca valley, 1200 m).
0 ; Ri. 20-21; Ar. circular; Sp. numerous, to 100
including Br., one-third of these acicular, yellow; H. variabilis Ritt. (syn. H. ferrugineus Ritt.): only
Br. 70 % over 2 cm lg., yellow, red or silvery-grey, names, referable to Loxanthocereus (Rauh; L.
the fine Rsp. at the apex forming a tuft; main Sp. ferrugineus?).
1-2, to 2 cm lg., brownish; FI. 5 cm lg., red or
scarlet-pink; Fr. 4 cm 0 , green, pink above.— H. versicolor(Werd. & Backbg.) Backbg. (2)
Central Peru (Caracoles Hills, S. of Lima, close to Bo. erect, slender-columnar, to 1.5 m h., forming
the coast). colonies; St. to 5 cm 0 ; Ri. 16-22; Rsp. 25-30,
v. longicomus(Akers) Backbg.: Bo.to only 30 cm finely acicular, to 5 mm lg.; Csp. 1-2 more clearly
h., little branching; St.6 cm 0 ; Rsp. c. 20, fine, distinguishable, to 4 cm lg.; Sp. zoned in different
yellow; Br.c. 50, to 4.5 cm lg.; main Sp. 1-2, to colours, Csp. yellowish below at first, reddish-
3.5 cm lg., stoutly acicular, reddish. brown or lighter above; FI.c. 8 cm lg., to c. 6 cm 0 ,
Hoffmann reports a form(?) to only 1.2 m h., with opening widely, white.—N. Peru (E. desert zone,
FI. 7.5 cm lg., carmine inside. 100-500 m).
v. aureispinus Backbg.: Sp. golden-yellow; Csp.
H. smaragdiflorusRauh & Backbg. (4) often missing;
Bo.erect, to c. 50 cm h.; St.to c. 5 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 20; v. catacanthusRauh & Backbg.: Csp.directed +
Sp. white, bristly, thin, interlacing, numerous, downwards, stout, light brown; Rsp. dark
0. 5-1 cm lg.; Csp. occasionally 1, thin, to 2 cm lg.; reddish-brown;
FI. 5 cm lg., emerald-green, with H. to 1 cm lg. at v. fuscusBackbg.: Sp. fine, dense, deep reddish-
the base of the Fil.; stylewith green Sti.— Central brown ; Csp. ± distinctly longer than the others;
Peru (Eulalia valley, 1300 m). v. humifusus (Werd. & Backbg.) Backbg.: Rsp.
10-15, very fine, to 3 cm lg.; Csp. thin, pale
H. superbus Cullm.: only a name. brown; Sp.yellowish at first;
v. lasiacanthus(Werd. & Backbg.) Backbg.: Sp.
H. symmetrosRauh & Backbg. (4) more bristle-like; no longer Csp.present;
Bo. erect, to 1.2 m h.; St. 8-10 cm 0 ; Ri. 21; Ar. v. xanthacanthus (Werd. & Backbg.) Backbg.:
fairly crowded, arranged in symmetrical Isp., with Ri. mostly 10—12(—14); Csp. fairly robust,
light and fairly dense felt; Rsp. short, fine, considerably longer, to over 2.5 cm lg. or more,
radiating, numerous, 5 mm lg., amber-coloured; pale yellowish.
Br. very short at the apex, amber-coloured; Csp.
1-2, short, to 2 cm lg., brownish-yellow, lighter- H. viridiflorus(Akers) Backbg. (3)
zoned ; Sp.all thin at first, only c. 5 mm lg.; FI.c. 5 Bo.erect, to c. 1m h.; St.to 20 together, to 7 cm 0 ;
cm lg., white.—Central Peru (Churin valley, Rio Ri. 19-20; Rsp. to c. 60, very fine, 5 mm lg.,
Huaura, 1200 m). pungent, interspersed with Br.; Csp. several, to 2.5
cm lg., ± subulate, directed + downwards; all Sp.
H. tenuispinusRauh & Backbg. (3) (pale) yellow; FI. almost 7 cm lg., 4.5 cm 0 ,
Bo. erect, branching from the base, to 60 cm h.; St. greenish-white with a green centre; style creamy-
8 cm 0 ; Ri. to c. 28; Ar. yellowish-white; Rsp. c. white with longer Sti.; Fr.spherical to top-shaped,
30, radiating, 1 cm lg., yellowish; main Sp. mostly over 4 cm 0 , plum-coloured.—Peru (canyon of the
1, thin-acicular, flexible, bristly-fine at first, pale Rio Chillon). Distinguished from H. smarag­
yellow, later to 5 cm lg.;FI. ?— N. Peru (Pan­ diflorus by the yellowish Sp., longer FI., and the
americana, Km 465, between Trujillo and Chim­ absence of H. at the base of the Fil.
bóte).
H. zehnderiRauh & Backbg. (4)
H. turbidusRauh & Backbg. (4) Bo. erect, branching from the base to form groups;
Bo.erect, to 1.2 m h., branching from the base and St.at first 4.5 cm 0 , later to 8 cm 0 , dirty green;
bushy; branches 5-8 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 19; Rsp. very Ri.c. 18; Ar.dirty white; Rsp.numerous, very thin,
thin, numerous, ± projecting, yellow to reddish- dense, sometimes interspersed with stouter Sp., to 3
brown at first; Br. curly, lax; main Sp. 1-2, to 8 cm lg.; main Sp. scarcely distinguishable, some­
(-10) cm lg., yellow below, yellowish to reddish times to 5 cm lg., pointing + downwards; Br. to
above, later pruinose, grey, projecting; FI.5( 6) cm 3.5 cm lg.; Sp. and Br. yellow; FI. greenish(?)-
lg., white.—Peru (Nazca valley, 600-800 m). white.—Peru (Santa valley, Huallanca, 1300m).
202
 HAAGEOCEREUS—HARRISIA

H. zonatusRauh & Backbg. (1) Csp. l(-3), mostly hooked, dark brown, lighter-
Bo.erect, branching from the base to form groups; tipped, somewhat longer than the Rsp.; FI.to 7 cm
St. to 1.5 m h., to 7( 10) cm 0 ; Ri. 13-14; Ar. lg., yellow with a red centre; Fr.only 6-18 mm 0 ,
yellowish-brown; Rsp. 15— 25(— 40), radiating, to 5 reddish-brown to coral-coloured.—USA (Texas)
mm lg., pale yellow; H. in the flowering zone silky, to N. Mexico. (Fig. 152.)
white, 2.5-3 cm lg., persisting as tufts; main Sp. v. cachetianus (Monv.) Knuth: Bo. eventually
l-2(—4), stout, 2-2.5 cm lg., porrect or directed cylindric; Csp.brown, moderately lg.;
downwards, ochreous-brown, + zoned; FI. 7 cm v. orcuttii (K. Sch.) Borg; Bo. eventually
lg.. white.—Peru (Churin valley, 2000 m). cylindric; Csp.yellow, fairly lg.
H. sinuatus (Dietr.) Ore.: Bo. smaller; Rsp. 8-12,
Hamatocactus Br. & R. (196) thin, often bent; Csp. 4, the lowest one very lg.,
angular; FI. 6.5 cm lg., concolorous yellow; Fr.
Plants with the ribs continuous, ± swollen around green, ovoid (Eng.).—USA (Texas).
the areoles or + indented below them, but not The position of this name has not been clarified; if
distinctly tuberculate. The central spines are ± v. davisii above is the only other plant with a
strongly elongated, flexible and in all areoles some concolorous yellow flower, this plant may be a
are hooked. The flowers are more funnelform, the further variety of H. hamatacanthus.
tubes being more slender and less densely scaly
than in Ferocactus; they are yellow, sometimes H. uncinatus (Gal.) F. Buxb.: Glandulicactus
all-yellow, sometimes red at the centre. The fruit, uncinatus(Gal.) Backbg.
which can be relatively small or to 5 cm long, has
few scales and dehisces basally. The seeds are black. Hariota DC. non Adans.: HatioraBr. & R.
These plants are very popular because they are so
easy to grow, with flowers appearing even on quite
small plants.—Distribution: USA (Texas, New Harrisia Britt. (141)
Mexico) to N. Mexico. [(R).]
Night-flowering Cerei from the West Indies which,
H. crassihamatus (Web.) F. Buxb.: Glandulicactus with one exception, are erect, shrubby to tree-like,
crassihamatus(Web.) Backbg. i.e. they often form a trunk, this being the main
character differentiating the genus from Eriocereus
H. davisii (Flought.) Y. Ito: Hamatocactus ham- or, in the case of H. earlei which is prostrate, it is
atacanthusv. davisii(Hought.) Marsh. distinguished by the indehiscent fruits, this as well
as the yellow to orange colour of the fruits being a
H. hamatacanthus (Miihlpfrdt.) Knuth constant character throughout the genus, whereas
Bo. spherical at first, then elongated, to 60 cm h. in Eriocereus the fruits are never of these colours
when it may have several heads (or only if the and they split open.—Distribution: USA (Florida)
growing tip has been damaged?), dark green; Ri. and Antilles. [(R).]
mostly 13, to 5 cm h.; Ar.to 3 cm apart, with nectar
thorns; Rsp. 8-12, terete to flattened, 1-7 cm lg., H. aboriginumSmall
sometimes ringed; Csp. 1—3(—4), the upper 3 Bo. to 6 m h.; Ri. 9-11, rounded; Ar. brown; Sp.
straight, the bottom one to 12 cm lg., porrect, ± 7-9, acicular, mostly only to 1cm lg., rarely more,
straight, angular to flattened; Sp. often red or pink at first, later grey, brown-tipped; buds with
flecked at first, later horn-coloured, then grey; FI. dense brown H.; FI.c. 15 cm lg., faintly perfumed,
to 7 cm lg., yellow, throat red; Fr.2-5 cm lg., green; white with brown H.; Fr. spherical, yellow, 6-7.5
S. 1.5 mm lg.—USA (Texas, New Mexico) to N. cm 0 . —USA (Florida).
Mexico.
v. davisii(Hought.) Marsh.: distinguished by the H. adscendens (Gurke) Br. & R .: Eriocereus
more strongly indented Ri., denser and some­ adscendens(Gurke) Berg.
what finer Sp., more numerous centrals, and
the concolorous yellow FI.— USA (Texas). H. bonplandii (Parm.) Br. & R .: Eriocereus
bonplandii(Parm.) Rice.
H. setispinus(Eng.) Br.& R. (T.)
Bo. to only c. 15 cm h., 8-12 cm 0 , moie H. brookiiBritt.
subspherical, fresh green; Ri.c. 13, the crest rather Bo. to 5 m h., freely branching, light green;
narrow, often + sinuate; Ar. white; Rsp. 12-15, branches 3-4cm 0 ; Ri.c. 10; Ar.white; Sp.9-12,
radiating, thin-subulate, not very sharp, 0.5^1 cm the longest ones to 2.5 cm lg., upper ones brown at
lg., the upper ones brown, the lower ones white; first, lower ones white; buds with a few lax white

203
HARRISIA

H.; FI. white?: Fr. + spherical, c. 8 cm 0 , depressed-spherical, c. 5 cm lg., to 7 c m 0 . —

yellowish.—Bahamas (Long Island). Jamaica. (Fig. 153.)

H. deeringiiBackbg. nom. prop., still undescribed: H. guelichii (Speg.) Br. & R .: Eriocereus guelichii
Bo. like that of H. simpsonii Small, only 2 m h.; (6 (Speg.) Berg.
m in H. simpsonii); floral limb as long as the Tu.—
Florida (Pumpkin Key). H. hurstiiMarsh.
Bo. erect, with a trunk; branchesgreyish-green; Ri.
10-12, very low; Ar. white, even in age; Rsp. 9,
H. divaricata(Lam.) Backbg. acicular, straw-coloured; Csp. 4, cruciform, 5-7.5
Bo. erect, freely branching; Ri. 9, obtuse; Ar. cm lg., the lowest one to 2.5 cm lg., all straw-
proximate, little felty; Rsp. 8-10, white; Csp. 4, coloured, tipped + dark brown; Fl. c. 20 cm lg.,
brownish, 2-2.5 cm lg.; FL white, Tu. lg.; Fr. white; Fr. ovoid, 5 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , lemon-
spherical, yellow, pulp white.—Santo Domingo yellow.—Hispaniola.
(Pfeiffer) and Haiti (Port-de-Paix). (“Fr. flattened-
spherical, tuberculate, yellow” : Ekman).
H. jusbertii (Reb.) Borg: Eriocereusjusbertii(Reb.)
Rice.
H. earleiBr. & R.
Bo. prostrate, to 3 m lg., dark green, trunk + H. martinii (Lab.) Br. & R.: Eriocereus martinii
terete; branchesto 6 cm 0 ; Ri.5-7; Ar.white; Sp. (Lab.) Rice.
5-8, to 5 cm lg., grey, acicular; FI. to 20 cm lg.,
white; Tu. white-hairy; Ov. with short Br. and H. nashiiBritt.
short white H.; Fr.depressed-spherical, to 7 cm 0 , Bo. erect, with a trunk; branches 3-4 cm 0 ; Ri.
yellow.—Cuba (Pinar del Rio). 9-11; Sp. 3-6, grey, to 1.5 cm lg.; bud with long
white H.; Fl. 16-20 cm lg., white.—Hispaniola,
H. eriophora(Pfeiff.) Britt. v. straminia(Marsh.) Backbg.: distinguished by
Bo.light green, to 3.5 rah.; trunkandbranches4 cm 7 Rsp.,4 Csp.,all straw-coloured; branches more
0 ;RI. 8-9; Ar. white; H. in the flowering zone to spreading.
I. 5 cm lg.; Sp. 6-9, to 4 cm lg., light brown, black-
tipped; budswith white H. 1.5 cm lg.; FI. 12-18 cm H. platygona (O.) Br. & R.: Eriocereusplatygonus
lg., white; Fr. subspherical, c. 6 cm 0 , yellow.— (O.) Rice.
Cuba (central to western regions and Pinos Island).
H. pomanensis (Web.) Br. & R.: Eriocereus
H. fernowiiBritt. pomanensis (Web.) Berg.
Bo.to 3 m h.; brancheslight green, to 2.5 cm 0 ; Ri.
9; Ar. brownish-yellow in the flowering zone; Sp. H. portoricensisBritt.
8- 11, light brown, black-tipped, the longest ones to Bo. erect, to 3 m h., little branching; branches to 4
6 cm lg.; budswith light brown H. to 1 cm lg.; FI.c. cm 0 ; Ri. to 11; Sp. 13-17, greyish-white to
20cm lg., white.—Cuba (Prov. Oriente). brown, dark-tipped, the longest ones 2.5-3 cm lg.;
budswith many white H .; Fl.c. 15 cm lg., white; Fr.
H. fimbriata sensu Knuth non Cactus fimbriatus spherical to ovoid, yellow, 4—6 cm 0 . Puerto Rico
Lam.: HarrisianashiiBritt. (Ponce), islands of Mona and Desecheo.
H. regelii (Wgt.) Borg: Eriocereus regelii (Wgt.)
H. fimbriata sensu Knuth v. straminia Marsh.: Backbg.
Harrisianashiiv. straminia(Marsh.) Backbg.
H. simpsoniiSmall
H. fragransSmall Bo. erect and arching over, to 6 m h., simple or
Bo.erect and arching over, to 5 m h.; Ri. 10-12; Sp. somewhat branching; Ri. 8-10; Sp. 7-14, later
9- 13, acicular, grey, yellowish-tipped, one longest grey, to 2.5 cm lg.; budswith white H.; Fl.12-17 cm
Sp. 2-4cm lg.; budswith dense white H.; FI. 12-20 lg., white (?), with sparse white H.; Fr.orange-red,
cm lg., pink or white; Ov. with long white H,; Fr. depressed-spherical, 4-6 cm 0 . —USA (Florida,
spherical to ± ovoid, faintly reddish, white- Hammocks, Keys and coast).
hairy.—USA (Florida, Fort Pierce).
H. tayloriBritt.
H. gracilis(Mill.) Britt. (T.) Bo. to 2 m h., light green; branches 4-5 cm 0 ,
Bo. erect, to 7 m h.; branches fairly slender; Ri. ascending, fairly stout; Ri.9; Sp. 9-12, longer ones
9-11; Sp. 10-16, 2-2.5 cm lg., black-tipped; buds 3-5 cm lg.; bud with sparse grey wool.—Cuba
white-hairy; FI. 20 cm lg., white; Fr. yellow, (Prov. Oriente, coast).
204
 HARRISIA—HELIABRAVOA

H. tortuosa (Forb.) Br. & R.: Eriocereus tortuosus short, + bristle-like spines; older stem-segments
Forb.) Rice. become woody.—Distribution: Brazil (region of
Rio de Janeiro, Ilha Grande, Minas Geraes, Sao
H. undata Britt.: Harrisiagracilis(Mill.) Britt. Paulo). (In cultivation, best grown in a hanging
basket.)
Haseltonia Backbg. (167) H. bambusoides(Web.) Br. & R.
Bo. erect, shrubby, very freely branching; shootsin
Gigantic unbranched columns, with more than one 2’s or 3’s from the apical areoles, to 5 cm lg.,
stem probably only as a result of damage, with slender-clavate but not stalk-like, the nodose, +
flexible, light-coloured and rather long spines. As thickened tip to 4 mm 0 ; FI. orange-red; Pet.
flowering is reached, a fairly broad, one-sided mostly erect.—Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).
cephalium of woolly hairs develops while at the
same time the surrounding spines are longer and H. clavata (Web.) Moran: RhipsalisclavataWeb.
interspersed with bristles; in older cephalia the
individual areolar tufts are clearly distinguishable. H. cylindricaBr. & R.
As the length of the cephalium increases the Bo. erect, bushy and branching, to 1 m 0 ; shoots
columns, which taper towards the apex, begin to branching dichotomously or in 3’s in a whorl, to 3
bend over towards the cephalium-bearing side, this cm lg., cylindric, light green, sometimes red or
direction being constant in any population, giving flecked red; FI.solitary, 12 mm lg., orange-yellow;
the impression that the cephalia always develop at Fr. white, slightly purple-spotted, translucent.—
the same point of the compass. The flowers are Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). (Fig. 155.)
nocturnal, shortly bellshaped and glabrous, the
fruit probably also glabrous.—Distribution: H. herminiae(C.-Porto & Cast.) Backbg.
Mexico (Puebla-Oaxaca). [(R).] Bo. forming erect shrubs, sometimes arching over;
shoots branching dichotomously or verticillately,
H. columna-trajani(Karw.) Backbg. (T.) cylindric, only slightly thickened above, matt dark
Bo. erect columnar, simple, to over 10 m h. and to green; Ar.with 1-2 minute Br.; FI.mostly solitary,
over 20 cm 0 , soon becoming greyish-green, + rarely paired, 2 cm lg., to 2.5 cm 0 , dark pink; Fr.
ventricosely thickened below; Ri. to over 16, ± olive-green, to 8 mm lg,; S. chestnut-brown.—
raberculate; Ar. small, soon becoming glabrous; Brazil (Campos do Jordao).
Sp. scarcely differentiated; Rsp. 14—18, to 1 cm lg.,
whitish, Csp. 5-8, to 8 cm lg., thickened below, H. salicornioides(Haw.) Br. & R. (T.)
vellowish at first, later white, often dropping; all Bo. forming erect shrubs, freely branching, to 40
Sp. flexible, the longer ones directed ± strongly cm h.; shootspaired or 3-5 in a whorl, cylindric or
downwards; FI. 4-5 cm lg., pale sulphur-yellow, barrel-shaped at first, later appearing to have a
glabrous; Sep.white, tipped pink; Fr.to 3 cm 0 , ± distinct stalk, to 3 cm lg.; Ar. sparsely felty,
ovoid, yellowish to greenish-white, with a lid, with sometimes bristly, glabrous in cultivation; FI.
traces of distant Sc.; S. glossy black.—Mexico (S. 1—2(—3), bellshaped, to 13 mm lg., 10 m m 0 ,
Puebla to NE. Oaxaca). (Fig. 154). yellow; Fr. top-shaped, whitish, translucent,
Later names, better known than that of Karwinksi, reddish-tipped; S. black.—Brazil (Rio de Janeiro,
were: Pilocereus or Cephalocereus hoppenstedtii Minas Geraes).
Web.) K. Sch. v. gracilis(Web.) Backbg.: Seg. thin or slender;
FI.light yellow;
v. stricta(Web.) Backbg.: Seg.shorter, stiffer;
Hatiora Br. & R. (24) v. villigera (K. Sch.) Backbg.: more con­
spicuously hairy at the shoot-tip.
Bushy, erect or + pendant epiphytes, densely
branching, the individual segments branching from
the apical areoles, + cylindric to ± clavate, the Heliabravoa Backbg. (150)
clavate section almost spherical to oblong, the
basal section of the shoot of varying thickness, Tree-like and very freely branching cerei, with an
sometimes fairly thin. The small flowers are indistinct trunk. The buds and the shortly tubed
bellshaped to funnelform, borne in the apical flowers are hairy and also set with fairly dense, long
areoles, often several at a time, coloured yellow to bristles, the fruits similarly; the perianth is rotate,
orange-red and pink; the berries are probably the upper series of anthers rises erect above it,
mostly white, sometimes flecked; the seeds are surrounding the moderately exserted style. When
black. The stems are either glabrous or they have ripe the fruit is purple, hairy and bristly and the
205
HELIABRAVOA-HELIANTHOCEREUS

seeds are black. The genus is presumably night­ growing Helianthocereus orurensis bear a remark­
flowering, the blooms remaining in part open able resemblance, in spination also, to those of the
until noon the next day, and hence erroneously low-growing and relatively slender Heliantho­
described as diurnal (Buxbaum?). The opening cereus huascha which has stouter central spines. In
of the flowers requires careful verification.— age, some of the high-altitude species develop a
Distributuin: Mexico (Puebla to Oaxaca). [(R).] dense covering of longer and almost bristle-like
spines.—Distribution: N. Argentina (from Cat-
H. chende(Goss.) Backbg. (T.) amarca northwards) to Bolivia. [(R).]
Bo. tree-like, to 7 m h., forming a wide crown; The figure in brackets after each specific name
branches dense, erect, sometimes slightly curving refers to the subgenera below:
and re-branching; Ri. 7-9, fairly acute, slightly SG. 1: Helianthocereus: plants with robust
thickened or raised below the Ar.; Ar. ± felty only stems, or stoutly columnar, high-
at the apex; Rsp.(2— )4—5, 1-2.5 cm lg., thin, yellow altitude species, mostly branching
to brown; Csp. when present only slightly longer; from or near the base; flowers ±
FI.to 5 cm lg., more or less the same 0 , white (to apical;
delicate pink?): Fr. 4 mm 0 , it and the Tu. with SG 2: Neohelianthocereus Backbg.: more
beige-coloured H., Br.-Sp. darker.—Mexico slender-stemmed, low-growing spec­
(Puebla, Tehuacan; Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juarez). ies, always branching from the base;
(Fig. 156, 157.) flowers + lateral.

H. andalgalensis (Web.) Backbg.: Helianthocereus

Helianthocereus Backbg. (95) huaschav. rubriflorus(Web.) Backbg.
A genus of cerei, divided into 2 subgenera or groups H. antezanae(Card.) Backbg. (1)
of species (see below), each of which is very Bo.to 2.5 m h.; St.to 25 cm 0 ; Ri.21; Ar.grey; Sp.
uniform: one consists of low-growing shrubs, c. 27, thin-acicular, to c. 10 cm lg., pale yellow,
branching ± from the base, while the plants of the those in the apex reddish-yellow, ± interlacing, the
second are erect, sometimes simple and columnar longest ones directed downwards; FI. 11 cm lg.,
at first, and robust or even very robust. One species light yellow, with brown and white H.; Fr.
within the latter group sometimes grows in large yellowish-green, 2.5 cm 0 ; S. glossy black.—
stands along the N. Argentine frontier, presenting a Bolivia (Oruro, near La Joya).
unique sight*; similar species are also found in the
Bolivian altiplano. Here also, branching is mostly
+ from the base, relatively little and usually only H. atacamensis(Phil.)Backbg. (1)
on older plants. The low-growing group is mostly Bo.mostly unbranched, to 6 m h. or more, to 70 cm
widely branching. In all the species the flowers are 0 ; Ri.numerous; Ar. brown; Sp. numerous, to c.
diurnal, funnelform and white, red or + yellow. 40, often very thin, to c. 10 cm lg.; FI. to 14 cm lg.,
The tube and ovary, or fruit, are hairy. The extent white (acc. Cardenas).—Chile (Atacama: San
of the genus, or even the genus to which some of the Bartolo mine).
species were referable, long remained unclarified;
in the case of some of the especially low-growing H. bertramianus(Backbg.) Backbg. (1)
species, some were described as Lobivia; other Bo. branching from the base or from a short trunk,
plants were attributed to Trichocereus, including erect; St.to 2 m lg., to 25 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 20, acute, to 3
the gigantic members from the high plateaux which cm h.; Ar. light brown at first; Sp.numerous, to c.
have apical or subapical flowers, whereas the 30, + whitish at first, then hyaline to pale yellow,
lower-growing species bear their flowers subapi- sometimes bristly, the shortest ones 5 mm lg., the
cally or rather lower down the body. A diagnostic longest ones to 8 cm lg., acicular, pointing
character common to both groups is the fun­ downwards; FI. yellowish to creamy white; S.
nelform, hairy, diurnal flower, mostly brilliantly glossy black.—Bolivia (La Paz: Comanche mine).
coloured; in a few only of the species from high (Fig. 158.)
altitudes, the flower is rather longer and bears a
considerable resemblance, with its funnel-shape, to H. conaconensis(Card.) Backbg. (1)
the nocturnal flowers of Trichocereus. A com­ Bo. simple or branching from the base, to 2 m h.:
parison of juvenile plants is sufficient to show how St.to 15 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 17; Ar. blackish-grey, with
closely related the two subgenera are to one sparse white H.; Sp. c. 18, acicular-bristly.
another: younger seedlings of the robust and tall- pungent, hyaline, to 15 cm lg.; FI. 11-15 cm lg., to
12 c m 0 , deep cream-colour.—Bolivia (Cochab­
* See th e p h o to g ra p h o p p osite the title-page. amba: Cona-Cona).
206
 HF.riANTHOCFRF.US

H. crassicaulisBackbg. n.sp. (2) having 3-4 brownish-yellow Csp., 10-12 straw-

Bo.spherical at first, soon elongating and to 16 cm coloured Rsp., and St. ± clavate, to 15 c m 0 .—
h. has been noted, leaf-green, offsetting from the Bolivia (Cochabamba: road to Tot ora).
base, sometimes slightly tapering above, reaching
flowering-size at c. 15 cm lg., to 11.5 cm 0 ; Ri.
(9-) 11-14, c. 2 cm br. at midway, rounded; Ar.pale H. huascha(Web.) Backbg. (2)
brownish, c. 1.5 cm apart, ± circular at first, later Bo. fairly stout, branching from the base; St.
often shield-shaped; Sp. brown at first above, pale cylindric, + curving upwards, to c. 5 cm 0 and
yellow below, ageing to more brownish; Rsp. c. more, fresh green; Ri. c. 17; Rsp. mostly 9-11 or
7-12, to 3 cm lg., later fairly stout; Csp. l-4(-5), rather more; Csp. 1-2, yellowish to brownish,
subulate, c. 3.3-3.7 cm lg.; FI.c. 8 cm lg., 9 cm br. variable in length, usually longer and stouter than
(Uhlig), flame-coloured; Tu. with acuminate green the Rsp.; FI. to 10 cm lg., to c. 7 c m 0 , broadly
Sc. and dark brown H. ;Ov. green.—N. Argentina funnelform, golden-yellow; Fr. spherical, green,
(Catamarca, La Estancia; found by Fechser). (Fig. fairly hairy.—Argentina (Catamarca). Description
159.) acc. Schumann, and F1.-0 acc. Werdermann:
“Blüh. Kakt. u.a. sukk. Pflz.”, Plate 67.
Very vigorous-growing; all the characters mark it
out as a typical robust or low-growing member of The type of the spec, is thus lighter green, with Sp.
the SG. Neohelianthocereus. + amber-coloured and the FI. only 7 cm 0 ;
Werdermann recorded a similar plant in the
Fluntington Botanical Garden, USA. The follow­
H. escayachensis (Card.) Backbg. n.comb. (Tri- ing varieties are distinguished:
ehocereus escayachensis Card., C. & S. J. [US], v. auricolor (Backbg.) Backbg.: FI. with more
XXXV: 5, 157. 1963) (1) strongly recurved Sep.; Pet. red with a bluish
Bo.to 4 m h., with a stout, broad crown; branches sheen; Sp.evenly dark amber-coloured;
:o40cm 0 ; Ri.14-16,2cmh., 3 cmbr.; Rsp.9-12, v. macranthus Backbg. n.v.:
2-4 cm lg.; Csp. 1,4-6 cm lg.; all Sp.subulate, grey; Distinguished by the darker green Bo.; FI.
FI. numerous, apical, funnelform, 15-17 cm lg., golden-yellow, 12 cm 0(1). (Fig. 161.);
white; Sep. tipped purple-brown; style green v. rosiflorus(Y. Ito) Backbg. n.comb. (Soehren-
below, yellow above; Sti.15, light yellow; Fr.5 cm sia rosiflora Y. Ito, 1962): FI.pinkish-red;
0 , dark green, with brown H. and white pulp; S. v. rubriflorus(Web.) Backbg.: FI.more true red;
:.5 mm lg., black, spotted.—Bolivia (Prov. Csp. c. 6. Vatter reports having seen this plant
Mendez, Dept. Tarija, between Las Carreras and also with FI. of other colours.
Escayache, 2300 m).
Despite the relatively long FL, this spec, is a typical
Helianthocereus of the arid high plateaux of H. hyalacanthus(Speg.) Backbg. (2)
Bolivia, with its robust habit and very stout shoots. Bo.erect, cylindric, greyish-green, to 35 cm h., to 10
cm 0 ; Ri. 12-16; Ar.ashen-grey; Sp. 12-20, l^tof
H. grandifloras(Br. & R.) Backbg. (2) these longer, scarcely distinguishable as centrals,
all bristle-like,
Bo. shortly columnar, to 35 cm h., deep green, longest ones mostly yellowish at first, then hyaline, the
rranching from the base; St.to 6 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 14; directed downwards; FI. 10-12
cm lg.,
Ar. yellow at first; Rsp. mostly 8—9(—12), finely of Piedra Blanca). to 8 cm 0 . —Argentina (Catamarca, valley
-ricular, whitish-yellowish, tipped brownish; Csp.
mostly 1, c. 1 cm lg., somewhat stouter than the
Rsp., later also up to 4 weaker Sp.; FI.borne high H. narvaecensis(Card.) Backbg. (1)
: a the sides, c. 8 cm lg., brilliant red, rather variable Bo. columnar, to 1m h., branching from the base;
:n colour.—Argentina (Catamarca: between An- branchesto 20 cm 0 , glossy, dark green; Ri.18; Ar.
¿algalá and Concepción). (Fig. 160.) light grey; Rsp.c. 12, to 2 cm lg., whitish-grey; Csp.
3, to 3 cm lg.; FI.c. 12 cm lg., white; Fr. 5 cm br.,
H. herzogianus(Card.) Backbg. (1) ovoid, with brown or white H.; S. glossy black.—
Bo. erect-columnar, simple or branching from the Bolivia (Narvaez).
rase, to 2.2 m h.; St. ± clavate, intense green, to 20
cm 0 ; Ri. c. 21, acute; Ar. grey; Rsp. 10-14, H. orurensis(Card.) Backbg. (1)
acicular, to 4 cm lg., white, brownish above, Bo.columnar, to 1.8 m h. or more; St.to 25 cm 0 ;
^pressed; Csp. 1, pale yellow, brownish above, Ri.to c. 21; Ar.greyish-brown; Sp.25-35, acicular
tirected downwards; FI. creamy-white; Fr. 7 cm to moderately thick, 1.3-8-9 cm lg., brownish-
; . dark green, with white and brownish H.— yellow; FI. to 13 cm lg., 10 cm 0 , light purple or
Solivia (La Paz: Tirco). purplish-pink. Bolivia (Oruro, near La Joya).
v. totorensis (Card.) Backbg.: differentiated by v. albiflorus(Card.) Backbg.: to 2.8 m h.; Sp. c.

207
HELIANTHOCEREUS

16, acicular, thin, light yellow, to 10 cm lg*, the v. sanguiniflorus Backbg. n.v. : FI. differs by its
longest ones brownish, darker below, to 4 cm* brilliant blood-red colour.—N. Argentina. (Fig.
lg. ; FI.to 13 cm lg., white.—Same locality. 165.)

H. pasacana(Web.) Backbg. (1) FI. pseudocandicansBackbg. n.sp. (2)

Bo. stoutly columnar, later branching, to 10 m h. ; Bo. similar to T. candicans, light green, sometimes
St. to over 30 cm 0 ; Ri. over 20, later more + curving; St.to almost 10 cm 0 ; Ri. 11-14, to 2
numerous; Sp. numerous, Csp. scarcely distin­ cm br., rounded above ; Ar. c. 2 cm apart, oblong,
guishable, yellow, unequal, the longest sometimes densely woolly, to 1.5 cm lg., 1 cm br. ; Sp. 13-16,
to 14 cm lg., very stiff at first, later more flexible, horn-coloured, soon becoming grey, some thin,
and finally + stiff and bristly, lighter and some­ others stouter, scarcely distinguishable as Rsp. and
times almost white; FI. to 12 cm lg., white; Fr. Csp. ; Rsp.thinner; Csp.stouter, longer, sometimes
spherical to elongated, green.—Argentina (high to 8 cm lg. ; FI. brilliant red (Fechser),
valleys from Catamarca to the N. frontier), S. funnelform.—NE. Argentina (Catamarca). Re­
Bolivia. ported many years ago by Vatter; re-collected by
Fechser who informed me of the main flower-
H. pecheretianusBackbg. (2) colours, which must certainly show intermediate
Bo. fairly erect, branching from the base, leaf- shades. I studied living material at "Les Cèdres"
green; St.to 11 cm 0 , to 45 cm lg. ; Ri. 15-20; Rsp. which first enabled me to place this plant correctly,
8-10 or rather more, to 1.2 cm lg., thin; Csp. 1, to despite its resemblance to T. candicans; the
2.5 cm lg. ; all Sp.light brown or dark-tipped ; FI.to brightly coloured diurnal flowers show it belongs to
9cm lg., 8 cm 0 , blood-red ; Fr.spherical, green ; S. this genus.
slightly glossy.—Argentina (Catamarca). (Fig. v. flaviflorusBackbg. n.v. : FI.yellow ;
162.) Ritter recently re-collected this spec, and gave v. roseoflorus (Backbg.) Backbg. n.comb.—
it his number FR 426 (Form 1). Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 15. 1963 (as Trichoc,
Just as with FI. huascha, this stouter-stemmed spec, candicans var.)
has a darker green form with somewhat smaller FI. : Sp. + yellowish, sometimes reddish below, Csp.
v. viridiorBackbg. n.v. : Distinguished from the sometimes also brownish; FI. lilac-pink. (Fig.
type by the darker green Bo.;Sp.brownish ; Csp. 164.)
1, only c. 11 mm lg. ; FI.brilliant deep red, c. 8 cm Remaining characters of both varieties as in the
lg. and 6.5 cm 0 . —N. Argentina (Famatina, type.
acc. Ritter; Form 1 similarly). FR 426A (Form
2) . H. randallii(Card.) Backbg. n.comb. (Trichocereus
A speciment of the type (and of H. huascha v. randallii Card., C. & S. J. [US], XXXV: 5, 158.
macranthus) is in the Botanical Garden "Les (1963) (1)
Cèdres”, St. Jean-Cap Ferrât). (Fig. 163.) Bo. short, thick, fresh green, only to 1 m h. and to
30 cm 0 ; Ri. 20, 2 cm h., 4 cm br., transversely
H. poco(Backbg.) Backbg. (1) (T.) furrowed; Ar. only 5-7 mm apart, grey, pro­
Bo. stoutly columnar, simple at first, then branch­ minent ; Sp. not separable into Rsp. and Csp..
ing sparingly from the side, 1.5-4.5 m h. ; St.to 35 25-32, acicular, stiff, 1.5-5 cm lg., somewhat
cm 0 ; Ri.c. 25, later more; Ar. grey; Sp. scarcely compressed, reddish-brown ; FI.numerous, apical,
differentiated, c. 50, dissimilar, stiff-bristly or funnelform to urn-shaped, 8 cm lg., 7 cm 0 ; Tu.
acicular, stouter at first, also ± curving, light to with white and some brown H. ; Sep. deep purple:
brownish, sometimes with dark stripes, 1-8 cm lg. ; Pet., Fil. and style coloured similarly; Sti. light
FI.to 12 cm lg., light purple to purpli'sh-pink ; Fr.5 yellow.—Bolivia (Prov. Mendez, Dept. Tarija.
cm lg., light green ; S.glossy, black.—Bolivia (more valley of Paicho, 2300 m).
widely distributed in the S.). This low-growing and cylindric Helianthocereus
v. albiflorus(Card.) Backbg. : to 6 m h. ; St.to 20 spec., with short deep purple flowers, demonstrates
cm 0 ; Sp. c. 20, bristle-like, flexible, glossy more clearly than most that these high-altitude
white, tipped reddish-brown, to 8 cm lg. ; FI. 14 cerei form a coherent and distinctive group of
cm lg., creamy-white.—Bolivia (Cuchu In- species, and that they are not members of Tri­
genio) ; chocereus.
v. fricianus(Card.) Backbg. : distinguished by the
lighter to white Sp. which are dense, projecting, H. tarijensis(Vpl.) Backbg. (1)
bristle-like, glossy, to 13 cm lg. ; FI.to 13 cm lg., Bo.stoutly columnar, to 1.5 m h., dark green ; St.to
purplish-red.—Bolivia (Potosí, Cuchu Ingenio); 25 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 15 ; Ar. yellowish-brown at first,
then grey; Sp. 10-17, more subulate at first, rigid,
* O bviously one o f these figures is c o rru p t ! T ran slato r. pungent, yellowish to reddish-brown, thickened
208
 HELIANTHOCEREU S—HERTRICHOCEREU S

and reddish-brown at the base, with similar H. speciosus(Cavan.) Br.& R. (T.)

transverse banding, 3-4 Csp. more prominent, to Bo. bushy, erect, clambering or pendant, also
4i-7) cm lg., Sp.later more acicular to bristle-like; epiphytic; St.to over 1m lg., reddish-green at first,
FI. only 10 cm lg., light wine-red; Fr. 3.5 cm 0 , becoming darker green; Ri.3-5; Ar.large; Sp.5-8,
salmon-red; S. slightly glossy, black.—Bolivia later more numerous, to 1.5 cm lg., thin-subulate,
lEscayachi). yellow to brownish; FI. 12-15 cm lg., brilliant
carmine; Fr. 3-5 cm lg., ovoid, red, spiny.—
x Heliaporus Rowl.: a hybrid genus Central Mexico (vicinity of Mexico City). (Fig.
Heliocereus x Aporocactus). 167.)
v. amecamensis(Heese) Wgt.: St.light green; Sp.
Heliocereus (Berg.) Br. & R. (144) yellow to brownish; FI.white;
v. elegantissimus (Br. & R.) Backbg.: Ri. more
Day-flowering plants; stems not very stiff, + winged; Sp. only 2-6 mm lg.; FI. scarlet with a
prostrate to clambering, often bushy and erect in faint carmine sheen; Pet. sometimes long-
cultivation. The shoots have few ribs, and the tapering ;
spines are rather thin and inconspicuous. However v. serratus (Wgt.): St. with 3-4 Ri.; Sp.
the flowers are large and usually red although this yellowish, 8 mm lg.; FI.mid-purple, without any
varies somewhat from species to species. Little is blue sheen;
known of fruits and seeds; the former are probably v. superbus (Ehrenbg.): St.with up to 7 Ri.; Sp.
always + spiny, the ovary similarly, these spines yellowish, 8 mm lg.; FI.dark crimson-red.
variable in thickness. The genus has played an
important role as one of the parents of the hybrid H. superbus (Ehrenbg.) Berg.: Heliocereus spec­
genera: Heliochia, Heliaporus, Heliphyllum and iosusv. superbus(Ehrenbg.).
Helioselenius. 3(—4) species have been described;
according to some authors, the varieties of H. The following are further hybrid genera:
speciosus are to be considered as independent x Heliochia Rowl.: (Heliocereus x Nopalxochia);
species, but this is still in dispute.—Distribution: x Helioselenius Rowl.:
Mexico, Guatemala. [(R).] (Heliocereus x Selenicereus);
x Heliphyllum Rowl.:
H. amecamensis (Heese) Br. & R. is a white­ (Heliocereus x Epiphyllum).
flowering variety of H. speciosus: Heliocereus
speciosusv. amecamensis(Heese) Wgt.
Hertrichocereus Backbg. (162)
H. cinnabarinus(Eichl.) Br. & R.
Bo. erect or creeping;St.to only 1.5 cm 0 , or to 3 The genus is monotypic, the only + prostrate plant
cm 0 in age, 3(—4)-angled; Sp. c. 10, bristly, among its Group, and close to Ritterocereus in the
yellowish-brownish, mostly 5(-8) mm lg., the lower characters of flower and fruit; however the flowers
ones only half as long; FI. c. 15 cm lg., not opening open early in the morning, the ovary only
very widely, light crimson, yellowish inside.— occasionally has prickles, and the fruit is spiny; it
Guatemala (volcanoes of Agua and Santa Maria). alone of its Group shows basal dehiscence ("like
Oreocereus” : Werdermann); the fairly large seeds
H. heterodoxusStandi. & Steyerm. are glossy black. The ribs are raised into tubercles,
Bo. bushy, epiphytic; St.flat or 3-winged; Sp.4-8, but this character, as well as the spination and
to 8 mm lg.; FI. 8-11 cm lg., colour ?—Guatemala flower-colour, vary within the species.—
(Rio Vega, near San Rafael), Mexico (Tacana Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero). [(R).] Will not
volcano). tolerate too cool a position in winter.

H. schrankii(Zucc.) Br. & R. H. beneckei(Ehrenbg.) Backbg. (T.)

Bo. matt green, sometimes also suffused reddish at Bo.mostly arching over, to semi-prostrate and then
first; St. with 3-4 angles or wings, 2.3 cm 0 ; Sp. ascending, sparingly or freely branching and then
7-10, scarcely 1 cm lg., white, eventually light somewhat more erect, white-pruinose from the
yellow, 3 upper ones more robust, 3 lower ones apex to far down the St. (cultivated plants should
longer; FI. 14 cm lg., scarlet to blood-red, with a only be watered from below in order not to damage
brilliant carmine-red spot.—Mexico (Zimapan). this lovely coating); St.to 7 cm 0 , the flesh inside
Possibly only another variety of H. speciosus. yellowish and hard; Ri. 7-9, with rather oblong
Tub.; Ar. brown, later darker; Rsp. to c. 5,
H. serratus (Wgt.) Borg: Heliocereus speciosus v. sometimes dropping, to 1.5 cm lg.; main Sp. 1, to 5
serratus(Wgt.) cm lg., directed ± downwards, pungent, stiff; Sp.

209
 HERTRICHOCEREUS—HOR RIDOCACTUS

sometimes missing at first or few, light brown, later is basally dehiscent, with very slight felt or almost
dark brown or grey, ± reddish above; FI.to c. 7.5 glabrous. The seeds are probably always black.—
cm lg., 6 c m 0 , ivory-white to + reddish; Fr. Distribution: N. to Central Chile. [(R).j
tuberculate, white-pruinose, later reddish, spiny, Ritter at first placed a number of his newly
splitting basally, pulp disappearing; S. loose.— discovered Chilean globular cacti in
Mexico (Guerrero: Canyon de la Mano and Florridocactus—which would imply that their
Canyon del Zopilote). (Fig. 168.) flowers and fruits were only very weakly felty-
Earlier often known, on account of its beautiful floccose. He later referred them all to Pyrrhocactus.
mealy coating, as Cereus farinosus Hge. This is understandable in the case of those species
which I had to regroup in Neochilenia; however the
Hickenia Br. & R.:Parodia Speg. species I have left in Horridocactus clearly show the
above generic characteristic of ± glabrous flowers
[Hildewintera Ritt. 1966: synonymous with Win- and fruits, which distinguishes them from Pyr­
teria Ritt. (1962) and Winterocereus Backbg. rhocactus. They must stay there for the present
(1966). There are no valid grounds for segregating since a precise survey of the individual complexes
this genus from Borzicactus sensu Kimnach of species of “Pyrrhocactus Berg, sensu Ritt.” only
(Rowl., I.O.S. Repertorium XXIV 1975). becomes possible if the groups of E. Andean species
H. aureispina (Ritt.) Backbg. should accordingly are kept separate from those of the W. Andes, the
now be known as Borzicactus aureispinus (Ritt.) W. Andean (Pacific) species being restored to the
Rowl. Description will be found here under genera Horridocactus Backbg. and Neochilenia
Winterocereus.Translator.] Backbg., which represent different stages of shoot-
reduction in the flower. In that case Chileorebutia
Ritt. will also have to be included in Neochilenia
Homalocephala Br. & R. (190) because Ritter’s whole argument for his segre­
gation of Chileorebutia loses its validity. Another
A monotypic genus. The plants, which become important reason for keeping Pyrrhocactus (E.
quite large, are depressed and broadly spherical, Andean) separate from Horridocactus and Neochi­
fairly hard, and have robust spines. The subapical lenia (Pacific or W. Andean) is that the high
flowers are variable in colour; the fruits are red and mountain-wall of the Andes has been a barrier for
spineless, with felty flock, and eventually become countless ages, and this has given rise to separate
dry; they may split open irregularly or not at all. lines of development. It is of no significance that
The seeds are glossy black. In some parts of their there are certain similarities between Pyrrhocactus
range the plants have been completely eradicated in and Neochilenia, for instance, and it does not
the interests of agriculture.—Distribution: USA to necessarily follow that they are one and the same
N. Mexico [(R).] genus. As an example, Rowley has shown that
“synthetic species” (i.e. crosses) can show exactly
H. texensis(Hopff.) Br. & R. (T.) the same characters as certain true species. In the
Bo.simple, depressed-spherical, to 30 cm 0 , 15 cm same way similarities may have arisen in the course
h.; Ri. 13-27, acute, broad; Ar.white; Rsp. mostly of evolution in two separate areas of distribution,
6(-7), spreading and recurved, unequal, ± flat­ as a result of processes which have not yet been
tened, 1.2^1(-5) cm lg., reddish at first, becoming given sufficient consideration. Precisely for this
yellow, sometimes banded; Csp. 1, ± flat and reason it is important to keep the individual groups
broader, bent downwards, to 6.5 cm lg., 8 mm br.; of species clearly separate, so that the problem can
FI. broadly bellshaped, to 6 cm lg. and 0 , scarlet be studied further.
and orange, pink above, to almost white, also with Since individual names sometimes appear in
a pink centre; Fr. to 4 cm0 , juicy at first; S. 2.5 different guises in the literature, the trade and in
mm lg.—USA (Texas, SE. New Mexico) to N. collections, I have given these specific names below,
Mexico (in the NE.). (Fig. 169.) together with the appropriate reference. My partial
re-naming was based on the original descriptions,
in some cases with reservations because of
Horridocactus Backbg. (122) insufficient data regarding floral indumentum.
Plants mostly simple, sometimes becoming quite H. aconcaguensis(Ritt.) Backbg.
large; flowers differentiated from those of other Bo.simple, hemispherical, later elongated, to 12cm
similar Chilean genera by the absence of hairs; 0 ; Ri.to c. 21; Ar. grey; Rsp. c. 9-11, 1-2 cm lg.;
instead they are only sparsely felty-floccose, bristles Csp. mostly 4—6(—9), ± curving, to 2.5cm lg.; Sp.
being present only on the tube above, and brown to black at first; FI. to 5 cm lg. and 0 ,
sometimes considerably reduced. The hollow fruit yellowish-red; Fr.red.—Central Chile (Chacres).
210
 HORRIDOCACTUS

orientalis (Ritt.) Backbg.: Ri. fewer, Sp. H. centeterius sensu Ritt.: an unclarified spec.
somewhat longer, S. smaller, 1.25 mm lg. (1.75
mm lg. in the type). H. chilensis albidiflorus Ritt.: undescribed; a form
of Neochileniachilensis(Hildm. ) Backbg.
H. andicolusRitt.
Bo. hemispherical, simple, later elongated, to 20 cm H. choapensis(Ritt.) Backbg.
"... to 16 cm 0 ; Ri. 16-24; Ar. white to grey; Rsp. Bo. flattened-spherical to spherical, to 10 cm 0 ,
—14, 2-3 cm lg.; Csp. stouter, 4-7, 3-4 cm lg.; all dark green, sometimes with a brown tinge; Ri.
'p.whitish below, reddish to blackish above; FI.c. 14-22; Ar. brownish at first, later white (white in
:.5 cm lg., 5 cm 0 , reddish-yellow; Fr. 1.5 cm lg., seedlings); Rsp. 8-10, 1-2 cm lg.; Csp. 4—7(-9), +
rreenish-red to carmine.—Chile (between Santiago slightly curving; Sp. mostly greyish-brown or
¿ad Los Andes). darker; FI.to 4.5 cm lg., 3-5 cm 0 , light to olive-
descendens Ritt.: Bo. smaller; Rsp. 10-20; yellow; Fr. to 1.5 cm lg., reddish.—Central Chile
Csp. 2-6; FI. smaller, S. similarly.—Chile (Illapel).
(33°S.);
H. confinis Ritt.: Neochilenia confinis (Ritt.)
.mollensis Ritt.: Bo. stouter, to 20 cm 0 ; Sp. Backbg.
mostly longer; FI. with the M.-stripe yellow
rather than red.—Chile (Molles); H. copiapensis Ritt. (rejected): Neochileniakunzei
robustusRitt.: Bo.as for the preceding variety; (Forst.) Backbg.
Sp. more yellowish; FI. with a more blood-red
M.-stripe.—Chile (above Tilama). H. crispus(Ritt.) Backbg.
Bo. hemispherical, simple, blackish to greyish-
H. armatus (Ritt.) Backbg. green, to 7 cm 0 ; R. napiform; Ri. 13-16; Ar.
Bo. hemispherical, dark green, to 25 cm h., to 18 cm white; Rsp. 6-10, 2-5 cm lg.; Csp. 2 0 , 4—8 cm lg.;
0 : Ri. 15-21; Ar. brown; Rsp. 8-12, 1.5-4 cm lg.; Sp. black, becoming grey, very thin; FI. 3.5 cm lg.
Csp. 2-8, of equal length but stouter; all Sp. and 0 , outer Pet.more red, inner ones whitish with
conspicuously robust, brown to black; FI.to 4.5 cm a reddish M.-stripe.—Chile (Freirina). Perhaps
ig.. to 4.8 cm 0 , yellowish, tinged brownish, with a referable to Neochilenia?
rroad carmine M.-stripe; styleand Fil.pink above,
•■hite below; Fr.red.—Chile (SW. of Santiago). H. curvispinus(Bert.) Backbg.
Bo. spherical, to over 15 cm 0 ; Ri. 16, to 3 cm h.,
H. atroviridis(Ritt.) Backbg. transversely indented; Ar. to 15 mm lg.; Rsp.
Bo. hemispherical, simple, later to 10 cm lg., dark mostly 6-10; Csp.2-4, rather stouter; all Sp.fairly
greyish-green; Ri. 13-16, slightly tuberculate; Rsp. stout, yellowish at first, darker above, especially in
c. 10,2 0 cm lg.; Csp.4-5, 3-5 cm lg.; Sp.greyish- the crown, all + curving upwards, especially the
black, new Ar. with only 1 Csp.; FI.c. 4—5 cm lg. Csp.; FI. 3.5 cm lg., straw-coloured; Fr. almost
and 0 , carmine with a light border; S. brownish- glabrous.—Chile (vicinity of Santiago). Ritter
rlack.—Chile (Vallenar). distinguishes several varieties, but these are
probably only forms.
H. calderanus Ritt.: Neochilenia calderana (Ritt.)
Backbg. H. dimorphus Ritt.: Neochilenia dimorpha (Ritt.)
Backbg.
H. carrizalensis (Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. H. echinus(Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill:
Nov. Ill: 7. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus carrizalensis Ritt., 7. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus echinus Ritt., “Taxon”, XII:
Taxon”, XII: 1,33. 1963) I , 33. 1963).
Bo. 5-7 cm 0 ; R. napiform, yellowish; Ri. 13, Bo. to 9 cm 0 , pale greyish-green; R. napiform,
narrower than in H. atroviridis, with short, rather thick, short;Ri.c. 13, with chin-like Tub.; Ar.to 14
pointed Tub.; Ar. white; Sp. black or greyish- mm lg., brownish; Sp. greyish-black or pale
brown, straight; Rsp. 12-18, 10-25 mm lg.; Csp. greyish-brown, black-tipped, stiff, subulate; Rsp.
4-8, stouter, 2 0 cm lg., curving inwards; FI.to 5.5 10-14, 2-3(0-) cm lg.; Csp.stouter, 4-8, 2-5 cm lg.;
cm lg., 4.5-7 cm 0 , white or yellow, with a red FI.pale yellow, no data regarding size but probably
stripe; Fil. greenish or reddish; S. 0.8 mm lg., c. 3 cm lg.; stylepale reddish; Sti.9, pale yellow;
near-black, hilum minute.—N. Chile, Prov. Atac­ Fr. 1.5 cm lg.; S. 1.4 mm lg.—N. Chile (Cerro
ama, W. of Carrizal Alto (FR 493). Coloso near Antofagasta) (FR 537).
Since no details of any Br. or wool on the FI. are Ov. and Tu. without Br., no data on woolly
given, but the spec, is compared with FI. atroviridis, indumentum; all the above is compatible with
:: can only be a member of Horridocactus. Horridocactus.
211
HORRIDOCACTUS

v. minor(Ritt.) Backbg. n.comb. (Pyrrohocactus moderately robust, black to brown; FI. to 7 cm lg.
var., l.c.) a n d 0 , white to light yellowish, with the red M.-
Bo.only half as large; Ar.smaller; Sp.equal (FR stripe half the width of the Pet.; S. blackish-brown
537a). to black.—Chile (E. of Santiago, Cerro Ramon).
H. engleriRitt. H. heinrichianusBackbg.
Bo. hemispherical, later elongated, to 18 cm0 , to Bo.depressed-spherical, to over 9 cm 0 , c. 5 cm h.;
30 cm h., densely spiny; Ri. 16-20; Rsp. 12-20, R. napiform; Ri.c. 22, thickened around the Ar.;
length as for the Csp.; Csp. 5-8, 4-7 cm lg., lower Rsp. c. 5-6, stiff, to 2.6 cm lg.; Csp. 1, to 3 cm lg.,
ones white or yellowish, upper ones brown and sometimes 1additional Sp., appressed downwards;
mostly black-tipped; FI. 5-6 cm lg., to 4.5 cm 0 , all Sp.black, becoming grey; FI.c. 3 cm lg. and 0 ,
yellow and red or light lemon-yellow with a pink or pale light yellow, with a dark stripe.—Chile
red M.-line, outer Pet. more olive; Fr. reddish.— (Huasco).
Chile (Cordillera between Santiago and Val­
paraiso). Seedlings can also have Sp. concolorous H. horridus (Colla) Backbg.: Horridocactus tub-
white. erisulcatus(Jac.) Y. Ito.
v. krausii Backbg.: differentiated by the bluish-
green Bo.,greenish-yellow FI.and green Fr. H. kesselringianusDolz
Bo. depressed-spherical, dark olive-green to dark
H. eriosyzoides Ritt.: Neochilenia eriosyzoides violet-brown, to c. 7 cm 0 ; Ri. 16-20, acute,
(Ritt.) Backbg. tuberculate; Ar. dirty white; Rsp. c. 10, radiating,
projecting; Csp. 1(— 2), to 2 cm lg., darker to
FI.froehlichianus(K. Sch.) Backbg. blackish; all Sp. thickened below, only slightly
Bo. spherical to slightly elongated, to 17 c m 0 , curving, dirty brownish at first, rigid, all soon
light green at first; Ri. 16, to 3 cm h.; Rsp.and Csp. becoming light grey; FI.4.5 cm lg., red below, then
scarcely differentiated, to c. 17, straight or slightly yellowish-brownish, with a broad red central zone,
curving, acicular, to 3 cm lg., greyish-yellow at first, the reddish-brownish colour predominant; Fr. 1.7
with darker bands, smaller Sp. light yellow; FI. to cm lg.—Chile.
6.5 cm lg., 6 cm 0 , glossy yellow, brownish v. subaequalis Backbg.: Rsp. 12-14, Csp. 4, to 3
outside.—Chile (vicinity of Santiago), cm lg.; Sp. rather longer, thinner, more interlac­
v. vegasanus Ritt.: see FI. robustus. ing ; FI. somewhat larger.
FI. fuscus Ritt., not described: Neochilenianeofusca H. kunzei (Forst.) Ritt.: only a name.
Backbg.
H. lissocarpus(Ritt.) Backbg.
H. garaventaiRitt. Bo. simple, hemispherical, greyish-green, to 20 cm
Bo. spherical, later elongated, simple, grass-green 0 ; Ri. 17-21, little tuberculate, obtuse; Ar. grey;
to bluish-green;Ri. 11-16,slightly tuberculate;Ar. Rsp. 8-12; Csp. 1-6, subulate, curving upwards,
grey; Rsp.c. 12; Csp. 1-6, 2.5-4.5 cm lg.; all Sp. + I. 5-5 cm lg.; Sp. greyish-yellowish or brownish to
alike in length and thickness, light yellow to ± black; FI. 3-4-5 cm lg. and 0 , perfumed; Fr.
yellowish-brown; FI. 5 cm lg., c. 4 cm 0 , light over 2 cm lg. and 0 , red.—Chile (near Caugenes).
yellow, reddish below; Fr.light yellowish-green, to v. gracilis (Ritt.) Backbg.: Sp. finer, light
2 cm lg.—Central Chile (Cerro de la Campana). brownish to reddish-brown, Ar. more crowded,
S. larger.—Chile (W. of S. Francisco de
H. geissei(Pos.) Dólz Mostazal, at high altitudes).
Bo. spherical, simple, bronze-coloured; Ri. 18-20,
obtuse, scarcely tuberculate; Ar. sparsely white- H. marksianus(Ritt.) Backbg.
felty; Rsp. 14—16, radiating, subulate, sometimes Bo. hemispherical, greyish-green, to 24 cm 0 ; Ri.
thinner, yellowish at first; Csp. 4, cruciform, bent, 16-28, tuberculate; Ar. white; Rsp. 8-12, 1.5-2.5
the lowest one to 2.5 cm lg.; FI. 5.5 cm lg., buff with cm lg.; Csp. 1-6, stouter, longer, curving strongly
the centre of the Pet. reddish.—Chile. Spec, only re­ upwards, subulate; Sp. stout, greyish-brown,
collected recently. darker-tipped; FI. to 4 cm lg. and 0, lemon or
reddish-yellow; Fr. 1.5 cm lg., light reddish-
H. grandifloras(Ritt.) Backbg. brownish; S.brownish-black.—Chile (Villa Prat),
Bo. hemispherical, simple, green to greyish-green, v. tunensis (Ritt.) Backbg.: smaller, with fewer
to 15 cm 0 ; Ri. 21-23; Ar. white; Rsp. c. 9-12, Ri.;Rsp.6-10; Csp. 1-4; FI.larger; Fr.red.
I. 5-3 cm lg., curving + upwards; Csp. 1 at first,
later 4-7, stouter, curving upwards, 2—4 cm lg.; Sp. H. nigricans(Dietr.) Backbg. & Dolz
212
 HORRID O CA C TU S-H Y LO C ER EU S

Bo. broadly spherical, soon becoming greyish, to c. H. setosiflorus Ritt.: Neochileniasetosiflora(Ritt.)

cm 0 ; Ri, c. 15, with slight transverse Backbg. and v. intermedia(Ritt.) Backbg.
■mentations, rounded or acute; Ar. white; Rsp.
1-9. to 7 mm Ig. or more, at most slightly curving; H. simulans Ritt.: Neochilenia simulans (Ritt.)
Csp. 1-2, somewhat stouter, curving upwards or Backbg.
erect, thickened below; all Sp.glossy black at first;
FI to c. 4.5 cm lg., pale and dull to dirty yellowish, H. taltalensis (and v. densispinus?) Ritt. (FR 212):
ith a darker centre outside; Fr.clavate, pale red; Bo. brown; FI. whitish: Neochilenia fusca (Mühl-
Sltmall, scarcely 1mm lg.—Chile. Not re-collected pfrdt.) Backbg.
:: a long time.
H. trapichensis Ritt.: later regarded as a Pyr­
H nigricans sensu Ritt, and v. grandiflorus Ritt.: rhocactus spec, and not described; probably
: redominantly green as seedling-plants at most referable to Neochilenia.
ifliised reddish near the Tub.; appears to be a
mriferent spec, or a form; it is not unusual for H. tuberisulcatus(Jac.) Y. Ito (T.)
1hilean spec, raised from seed to look unlike their Bo.simple or offsetting, dark green to bluish-green;
»:id counterparts. Ri. 14—20, thickened and strongly tuberculate
around the Ar.; Ar. white, to 1.5 cm lg.; Rsp.
H paucicostatus Ritt, and v. viridis Ritt.:Neochi- 10-12, subulate, additional Sp. appearing later;
■ctiiapauciocostata (Ritt.) Backbg. and v. viridis Csp. 4—5, very stoutly subulate, to 2.5 cm lg.,
Ritt.) Backbg. sometimes + curving, brownish at first, zoned
darker, yellow below at first; FI.to over 4.5 cm lg.,
H pulchellus Ritt.: probably only a form of 3.8 cm 0 , stoutly funnelform, pale brownish or
Neochilenia pygmaea (Ritt.) Backbg. dirty yellow, sometimes with a red M.-stripe below;
Fr. virtually glabrous.—Chile (vicinity of San­
tiago). (Fig. 170 left, 171.)
H. robustus Ritt.: a catalogue-name of Ritter’s, at Ritter lists also v. minor, undescribed: Sp.
irst undescribed; Pyrrhocactus robustus Ritt., shorter, finer; FI. pure yellow inside Pet.
Sacc., 6: 65. 1960—Neochilenia robusta (Ritt.) narrower. (Fig. 170 right.)
Backbg., DieCact., VI: 3781. 1962).
Bo. mostly simple, to 20 cm 0 , hemispherical; Ri. H. vallenarensis(Ritt.) Backbg.
5-22, with chin-like Tub.; Ar. grey-felty; Rsp. Bo. simple, greyish-green, hemispherical, to 10 cm
-12,1-1.5 cm lg.; Csp.4-7,2-3.5 cm lg.; Sp.very 0 ; Ri. 13-25, with ± chin-like Tub.; Ar. white;
robust, especially the Csp., straight or curving, Rsp. 10-14, to 2.5 cm lg.; Csp. 2-6, 2-5 cm lg.,
maty grey; FI.4.5-5.5 cm lg., to 3.5 cm 0 , yellowish curving strongly upwards; Sp. light brown to
t : brownish-red with a greenish sheen, border greyish-black at first; FI. 5 cm lg. a n d 0 , glossy
.ghter, with traces of felt and fine white Br.; Fr.to 2 brownish-yellow, with a light carmine M.-stripe;
cm lg., blackish to reddish-green.—Chile (Ocoa) Fr. greenish to reddish; S. brownish-black to
FR 239a). black.—Chile (S. of Vicuña.)
v.vegasanusRitt, (originally held by Ritter to be
H. froehlichianus) (Pyrrhocactus robustus v. H. wagenknechtii Ritt.: Neochileniawagenknechtii
vegasanus Ritt. I.c.—Neochilenia robusta v. (Ritt.) Backbg.
vegasana [Ritt.] Backbg., I.c.).
Bo. smaller; Ar. closer; FI. shorter (I have seen
some of a brownish colour, with the pink centre Hylocereus Br. & R. (49)
of the Pet. becoming wider below, c. 5.3 cm
0 ) .—Chile (near Las Vegas). Climbing or clambering epiphytes, sometimes with
Ihave referred both the spec, and the variety (I.c.) climbing spines, 3-angled or 3-winged, developing
: Neochilenia since the Dutch description has aerial roots. Spines are mostly short or absent; at
insufficient data regarding floral indumentum, as first or in seedlings they are often bristly. The
as often the case with Ritter’s diagnoses; this nocturnal flowers are very large, noticeably scaly
~.akes the classification difficult. and glabrous, the scaly ovary and the fruit are
glabrous. The seeds are fairly large and black, and
H. rupicolus and v. intermedius Ritt.: Neochilenia the cotyledon-leaves rather large. Some of the
rupicola(Ritt.) Backbg. species are popular ornamental plants in warmer
countries; some are used as grafting stocks for
H scoparius Ritt. (FR 1085): no description epiphytic cacti.—Distribution: from Mexico,
available. through Central America and the Antilles, to
213
HYLOCEREUS

northern S. America and Peru. [(R).] pruinose, becoming greener, angles horny; Sp.2-4,
conical, dark, 2-3 mm lg., bristly in seedlings; FI.
H. antiguensisBr. & R. 30 cm lg., white; Fr. to 7 cm 0 , with large Sc.—
Bo. climbing up tall trees, and forming large Guatemala.
colonies in their crowns; St. 2-4 cm 0 , 3(-4)-
angled, angles not homy, scarcely sinuate; Sp.2-4, H. lemairei(Hook.) Br. & R.
c. 6 mm lg., Ssp. or Br. 2-5; FI.14 cm lg., yellow, at Bo.fairly slender, climbing high up trees, green; St.
least when fading; Tu.with linear acute Sc.; stigma 3-angled, to 3 cm 0 , strongly rooting on one side;
not divided.—Antigua. Sp. mostly 2, very short, thickened below, brow­
nish; FI. c. 27 cm lg., whitish, pink below; outer
H. bronxensisBr.& R. Sep. green, inner ones more reddish; Sti. deeply
Bo. with the St. acutely 3-angled, dark greyish- divided; Fr. purple, to 7 cm lg., pulp white.—
green, to 4 cm 0 ; Ri. brown, horny, strongly Tobago; Trinidad (?).
sinuate; Sp. c. 10, acicular, c. 6 mm lg., becoming
brown; FI. 25 cm lg., probably white; Ov. with H. microcladusBackbg.
broad Sc.; stigmaprobably divided.—Origin? Bo. freely branching, Seg. fairly short, clinging by
putting out many R.; St.3(-5)-angled, fresh green,
H. calcaratus(Web.) Br. & R. to 15 cm lg., to 2 cm 0 ; Ar. crowded; Sp. bristle­
Bo. strongly 3-winged; St. 4—6 cm 0 ; Ri. with like, small, few to several, often falling; FI. not
tongue-like protuberances; Ar. lacking Sp. but known.—Colombia to N. Peru.
with 2-4 small white Br.; FI. white, Per. fun-
nelform; Sep. revolute.—Costa Rica. H. minutiflorus Br. & R.: Wilmattea minutiflora
(Br. & R.)Br. & R.
FI.costaricensis(Web.) Br.& R.
Bo. probably the stoutest of the genus; St. H. monacanthus(Lem.) Br. & R.
sometimes to 10 cm 0 , greenish at first, or reddish, Bo. green; St. 3-angled; Ri. sinuate; Sp. mostly
soon becoming whitish and finally green or grey, solitary, sometimes paired, strongly thickened
mostly 3-angled; Ri.-flanks mostly thin, later below; FI.28 cm lg., 17 cm0 , white, pink below,
rather plumper, angles straight or ± sinuate, never Fil.similarly; Sti.not always divided.—Colombia,
homy; Sp.2-4, short, stout, brownish, mostly with Panama.
2 H. or Br., soon dropping; FI. to over 30 cm lg.,
white; stigma not divided; Fr. scarlet, oblong, 10 H. napoleonis(Grah.) Br. & R.
cm lg.—Costa Rica. Bo. light green, strongly branching; St. 3-angled;
Ri. acute, tuberculate, not horny, flanks concave;
H. cubensisBr. & R. Sp.4-5, c. 9 mm lg., thickened below; FI.20 cm lg.
Bo.strongly rooting; St.long, 2-4 cm 0 , 3-angled; a n d 0 , white; stigmanot divided.—Origin?
Ri.scarcely sinuate, becoming homy; Sp. 3-5, 2-3
mm lg., black; FI.to 20 cm lg., white; Fr. 10 cm lg., H. ocamponis(SD.) Br. & R.
reddish.—Cuba and Pinos island. Bo.light green, soon becoming pruinose, later dark
bluish-green; St. acutely 3-angled; Ri. sinuate,
H. estebanensisBackbg. brown, horny; Sp.5-8, acicular, 5-12 mm lg.; FI.to
Bo.with long St., sometimes subterete, mostly soon 30 cm lg. and almost as wide, white; stigma not
whitish or greyish-green, mostly 3-angled; Ri. divided, green.—Mexico.
fairly straight, with recurved tuberculate pro­
tuberances (climbing Tub.); Sp. 2-4, short, stout, H. peruvianusBackbg.
brown; FI. to 25 cm lg., white.—Venezuela (N. Bo. vivid green, somewhat pruinose at first; St.
coast, San Esteban). often ± contorted, to 80 cm lg. and more, 4—6 cm
0 ; Sp. to 4, short, stout; FI. ?—Peru (dry
H. extensus(SD.) Br.& R. woodlands of the Sechura to the Rio Sana valley).
Bo. fairly slender, creeping and clambering, green;
Ri. quite straight, rounded; Ar. small, felty, also H. polyrhizus(Web.) Br. & R.
bristly; Sp. 2-3(0), short, stout, 1-2 mm lg., dark Bo. strongly branching, clinging to tree-trunks by
brown; FI. large, pink; stigma not divided.— means of many aerial R.; St. mostly to 4 cm 0 ,
Trinidad. often reddish at first, soon whitish-pruinose,
eventually green; Ri. more winged at first, later
H. guatemalensis(Eichl.) Br.& R. plumper, slightly sinuate, not horny; Sp. 4-5, 2-4
Bo. climbing high up trees; St. often narrow and mm lg., fairly robust, brownish, sometimes also
terete below, to 5 m lg., mostly 3-angled, 2-7 cm 0 , 2(— 4) deciduous Br.; FI. to almost 40 cm lg., with
214
 HYLOCEREUS-ISLAYA

- : ¿d Sc. elongated above and then imbricate, mostly 8, 4-7 mm lg., stiff, greenish at first, soon
rejecting above; Pet. white; Sti. (always?) becoming dark brown, mostly also 2 Br. or Ssp.; FI.
; .ded: Fr. scarlet, oblong, 10 cm lg., with large large, white; Sc. large, thin; Fr. oblong, 10cm lg.,
Sc —Colombia, Panama. (Fig. 172.) red.-^Antilles.
H Durpusii(Wgt.) Br.& R. H. trinitatensis(Lem.) Berg.
3-:. clambering, dark green, bluish-pruinose; St. Bo. with broad 3-winged St. and thus diverging
3 cm 0 ; Ri. 3-4, acute, slightly sinuate, from H. lemairei (Hook.) Br. & R., to which
i . my; Sp. 3-6, short, scarcely 1 mm lg., one of Britton and Rose had referred it as a synonym; the
fese sometimes more central; FI.25 cm lg. and 0 , Sp. are also different. No further data available.—
•i-idish to fiery carmine outside, intermediate Pet. Trinidad.
e ien-yellow tipped dark carmine, inner ones
■ rite, tipped yellow (Wgt.), or golden-yellow at H. undatus(Haw.) Br.& R.
r away with a slightly carmine tip (Berger).— Bo. branching to form creeping, pendant or
Mexico (Tuxpan, W. lowlands). Probably the most ascending masses, dark green; St.to c. 7 cm 0 ; Ri.
unractive FI. of any Hylocereus spec. mostly 3, prominent, thin, mostly ± stepped and
ladder-like, horny in age; Sp. 1-3, small, 2-4 mm
ri,scandens(SD.) Backbg. lg.; FI. to 29 cm lg. and more, white, yellowish-
3-j. bluish-green; St. narrow, long, 3-angled, green outside; stigmanot divided; Fr.oblong, to 12
. pering to both ends; Ri. sinuate; Sp. 4-6, stout cm 0 , red.—Origin?
~ci minute, recurved, reddish at first, then greyish- Much planted in the Tropics as an ornamental
- -: wn, thickened below; FI. ?—Guayana. plant; can be grown in the open on the Riviera.
H schomburgkii(O.) Backbg. H. venezuelensisBr. & R.
Bo. clambering, very freely branching, intense Bo. with St. fairly slender, 3-4 c m 0 , bluish and
green, sometimes slightly pruinose; St. slightly strongly whitish; Ri. 3, not horny; Sp. 2-3, short,
. . ' mg, tapering to both ends, c. 2 cm 0 , 3-angled, stout, brown to black; FI. 25 cm lg., strongly
metimes also 2-angled (flat) at first; Ri. long- perfumed, white, pink towards the base; Sc.
eauate, with small protuberances, Ar. to 5 cm bordered red; Sti.deeply divided.—Venezuela to N.
ipajt; Sp. 0; FI. large, white, very numerous.— Peru.
1-ayana. A few short bristly prickles are some-
r.es present. Hymenolobivia Fric & Kreuzgr. is a name with­
out description for species of Lobivia Br. & R.
ri.stenopterus(Web.) Br. & R. developing a rather conspicuous hymen.
Bo. only weakly rooting, light green; St. 4 cm 0 ,
r :t pruinose; Ri.3, thin; Sp. 1-3, small, yellow; FI. Hymenorebulobivia Fric: LobiviaBr. & R.
3 only 12 cm lg.; Tu. only 2 cm lg., with relatively
. : ge imbricate Sc.; Sep.and Pet.linear, c. 7 cm lg., Hymenorebutia Fric ex Buin.: no adequate diag­
rarple; stigma not divided.—Costa Rica (Valle nostic differences have been put forward for the
Tins). segregation of this genus.
I : ubtless transitional to Wilmattea Br. & R.,
ecause of the smaller and rather short FI. with
p irple Pet. Islaya Backbg. (127)
H. triangularis(L.) Br. & R. (T.) Plants spherical to oblong, in most cases probably
Bo. climbing high up trees, also creeping; St.to 4 remaining simple unless damaged, the dense apical
3 0 , producing numerous R.; Ri.3, acute, rather felt varying in extent, the flowers yellow except in
r'.raight, not horny; Sp. mostly 6-8, acicular, one species where they are partly reddish. The fruits
oickened below, short, spreading; FI.20 cm lg. and are red, with floccose hairs, the floral remains
m: re, white; stigmanot divided; Fr.red.—Jamaica persisting together with the upper radial bristles; at
:oastal zone). maturity the fruits are elongated and hollow, and
open basally to reveal the seeds which may or may
ri mcostatus Br. & R.: Hylocereusundatus(Haw.) not be contained within a carpel-sac; the seeds are
Br. & R. matt black. A very unified group of species.—
Distribution: Pacific S. Peru, from the coast to
H. trigonus(Haw.) Saff. approximately 1000 m altitude; N. Chile. [(R), (G):
Bo. to 10 m lg., climbing; St. slender, to 3 cm0 , imported plants are sometimes difficult to grow.]
reep green; Ri. 3, very sinuate, not horny; Sp. The discrepancies between my diagnoses in Descr.
215
ISLAYA

Cact. Nov. I, and those of Rauh in his work on I.grandiflorensRauh & Backbg.
Peru, reflect the differences between his field-notes Bo. very sunken, greyish-green to green, 10 cm h.
which he sent me, and his later treatment. The and br.; Ri.(16— )20— 21; Rsp.thin, 10—12(—15), to 1
definitive data are given here. The same remarks cm lg., sometimes pectinate; Csp.2-3, to 2.5 cm lg.;
apply to other genera also, e.g. Oroya etc. These Sp. blackish at first, red or yellowish below, soon
circumstances appear to have been unknown to becoming horn-coloured, finally ash-grey and
Krainz who, for obvious reasons, reproduces both black-tipped; apicalwool not extensive, yellowish;
texts. FI.c. 4 cm 0 ; Sep. greenish; Fr.carmine, to 3 cm
lg.—S. Peru (Panamericana Km 697).
I.bicolorAkers & Buin. v. spinosior Rauh & Backbg.: Rsp. 20-25, not
Bo.later becoming elongated, to c. 20 cm h., 10 cm pectinate; Csp.to 8, to 2 cm lg., stout;
0 , sometimes suffused purple; crown with white v. tenuispina Rauh & Backbg.: identical with the
woolly felt; Rsp. 12-14, stout, projecting, 3-10 mm type.
lg.; Csp.4, stouter, to 1.25 cm lg.; Sp.grey, brown-
tipped; FI. 2 cm lg., 2 cm br., not opening fully, I.grandisRauh & Backbg.
yellow tipped reddish-brown; Sep. ± reddish.—S. Bo. relatively large-spherical eventually, to 30( 50)
Peru (high plateau of Nazca). cm h., 20 cm 0 , greyish or bluish-green; Ri.to 17;
Rsp. and Csp. virtually indistinguishable, +
1. brevicylindricaRauh & Backbg. uniform, 9-20, 1-3 cm lg., pruinose and horn-
Bo. spherical at first, then shortly cylindric, greyish coloured at first, dark-tipped; apical wool very
or bluish-green; Ri. 19-22; Rsp. to c. 20, those restricted, whitish-grey; FI.1.5 cm lg.; Fr.2(-4) cm
above sometimes fairly short, (3— )7—10 mm lg.; Csp. lg., pale carmine; S. without seed-pocket.—S. Peru
scarcely differentiated, 1-3, to 2 cm lg., directed (valley of the Rio Majes).
strongly downwards; Sp. whitish, reddish-tipped v. brevispina Rauh & Backbg.: Rsp. and Csp.
at first; tuft of apical wool to 2.5 cm 0 , light fewer, lighter, shorter; apical wool rather more
brownish-white; FI. light golden-yellow; Sep. rather more extensive. Same locality.
orange-reddish; Fr. 4 cm lg., pale carmine; S.
without seed-pocket.—S. Peru (near Camana). I grandis v. neglecta Simo: Islaya grandis v.
brevispinaRauh & Backbg.
I. chalaensis Ritt.: Islaya grandiflorens Rauh & I. islayensis(Forst.) Backbg.
Backbg. Bo.simple, 5-7 cm 0 ; Ri. 19-25, low, obtuse; Rsp.
8-22, 1-10 mm lg.; Csp. 4-7, stouter, straight,
I.copiapoidesRauh & Backbg. 12-16 mm lg., grey to horn-coloured; FI. small,
Bo. flattened-spherical to spherical, then to 10 cm 1.5-2 cm lg., yellow; Sep.reddish.—S. Peru (Islay).
h., 8 c m 0 , greyish-green, offsetting; Ri. 17-22;
Rsp.8-13, 5-7 mmlg., thin-subulate; Csp. 1-2, one I. krainziana Ritt.—Sukkde. (SKG) VII/VIII:
above the other, to 1.5 cm lg., more stoutly 31-33. 1963.
subulate; Sp. at first reddish below, black to violet Bo. prostrate, always away from the prevailing
above; tuft of apical wool to 2 cm 0 , light wind, to 75 cm lg., greyish-green, hard, expanding
brownish; FI.small, to 1.5cmlg., 1.2cm0;Fr. to 3 above in age to + clavate, little branching, to 12 cm
cm lg., carmine.—S. Peru (Ocona-Camana desert). 0 , apex flat, grey; R. fibrous; Ri. 16-23, made +
tuberculate by transverse notches, to 1.2 cm h.; Ar.
I. divaricatiflora Ritt.™“Taxon”, XIII: 4, 144. 1-3 mm apart, later to 1.5 cm lg., 1 cm br.; Sp.
1964. stout, subulate, mostly light yellow, sometimes
Bo. flatter to hemispherical, to 7 cm 0 ; Ri. 16-25, brownish, mostly directed downwards, rather
to 8 mm h., notched; Ar. to 5 mm apart, elliptic, short; Rsp. c. 8-12, 5-10 mm lg.; Csp. 4-8, to 1.5
grey; Sp.brown; Rsp. 12-16,3-7 mm lg., thin; Csp. cm lg.; FI. 3.25 cm lg., to 3 cm 0 , scented; Tu.
4-8, stouter, 4—10 mm lg.; FI. 2-3 cm lg., the Ov. green to reddish, with white H. and yellow Br.;
sometimes without Br.;Tu. with minute Sc., white style and Sti. white; Sep. red or with a red M.-
H. and several white Br.; Pet. greenish-yellow or stripe; Pet.golden to lemon-yellow ; Fr.to 3 cm lg.,
reddish; stylesyellow in the green FI., reddish in the purple, with white H., with brownish-yellow to
red FI.; Fr. to 2 cm lg., red; S. 1.2 mm lg., black, white Br. (except in the lower part); S. 1.5 mm lg.,
smooth.—Peru (Dept. Arequipa, Camana: in the black, finely tuberculate, hilum white.—Extreme
main mist-zone of the mountains) (FR 588). (Fig. N. of Chile (near Poconchile, close to the Peruvian
174.) frontier). (Fig. 173.)
The longest and most southerly spec, of a genus
I. flavida Ritt., undescribed: Sp. light yellow with previously known only with a Peruvian distri­
dark brown tips (I. grandiflorens in part?) bution.
216
 ISLAY A-JASM INOCEREUS

xaritima Ritt. (FR 590): described by Rauh as I. borne on older plants almost in a chain, one below
irandiflorens. the other down from the apex. The floral-tube lacks
bristles, the ovary is bristly, the fruit occasionally
L minorBackbg. (T.) has a few bristles.—Distribution: Central Mexico.
Bo.simple, dark green, to c. 13 cm h., 7 cm 0 ; Ri. [(R).]
c. 17,6 mm h.; Ar. with much whitish-grey felt at
- .Rsp.20-24, to 6 mm lg., thin, pungent; Csp.4, I.dumortieri(Scheidw.) Backbg. (T.)
¡usually cruciform, to 18 mm lg., stouter, thickened Bo. to 15 m h.; trunk to 1 m h., to 30 cm 0 ;
below; all Sp. black at first, later light grey; apical branches numerous, ascending, light to bluish-
* x>llight grey; FI.2.2 cm 0 , golden-yellow to light green; Ri.(5— )6—7, to 2 cm h., acute; Ar.yellowish;
greenish-yellow; Fr.carmine; S. in a sac.—S. Peru Rsp. 9-11, radiating, thin, to 12 mm lg.; Csp. 1-4,
fabove Mollendo). to 3 cm lg.; all Sp. acicular, yellowish-white, the
stoutest ones thickened below; FI.5 cm lg., 2.5 cm
. minuscula Ritt. (FR 1462): at present only a 0 , white, brownish-red outside; Ov. with felt, or
!name. this virtually absent, with or without Br.; Fr. to 4
cm lg., ovoid, spineless, sometimes with a few small
I raollendensis(Vpl.) Backbg. Br.; pulp red.—Central Mexico (Hidalgo to
Bo. simple, shortly columnar, to 20 cm h., 10 cm 0 ; Oaxaca). (Fig. 175.)
crown becoming oblique; Ri. to c. 19, not pro- The Ri. are sometimes strongly spiralled. The
x.nent, swollen around the Ar.; Ar. brownish- earliest and thus the valid name appears to have
- rite at first; Rsp. to c. 10, c. 1 cm lg.; Csp. later been “Cereus anisacanthus DC.” which thus
3-4, little longer or stouter; Sp.dark brownish-red covers also its varieties: v. ortholophus DC. and v.
it first, becoming blackish-grey to grey, rigid, subspiralis DC.
rungent; apicalwool brownish-white; FI.2 cm lg.,
dull yellow; Fr.reddish.—S. Peru (Mollendo). Jasminocereus Br. & R. (62)
1.paucispinaRauh & Backbg. A genus of larger cerei from the Galapagos Islands
Bo. simple or a few heads together, green to on which adequate information has only recently
greyish-green, spherical, to 8 cm 0 ; Ri. 12-16; become available; the stems are mostly robust and,
Rsp. 5-8, 8-15 mm lg., pale reddish below at first, like the Genus Armatocereus Backbg. from the
tipped blackish-brown; Csp. absent or 1, to 3 cm nearest part of the S. American mainland, they
lg . brownish-red below, blackish-brown above; have constrictions marking annual growth. The
apicalwool yellowish; FI. 1.5 cm lg., vivid yellow; nocturnal flowers are funnelform, the relatively
Fr. to 3.5 cm lg., pale carmine; S. without any slender tubes are extensively scaly, the scales on the
sac —S. Peru (coastal terraces near Chala). ovary being fairly dense and very small, at most
\ curvispina Rauh & Backbg.: distinguished by with traces of felt. The fruits are rather variable,
the Rsp. which are very short, appressed, ovoid at maturity, bearing the floral remains and
noticeably bent; Csp. mostly 1, bent strongly minute scales. The seeds are small and black. At
downwards. It is possible that both this spec, and
first only one species was known, or rather,
its variety may have to be united with Islaya recognised. I then established that at least two
paucispinosa Rauh & Backbg. species were distinguishable, and recent, more
thorough investigation of the islands by Y.
I.paucispinosaRauh & Backbg. Dawson has revealed three species in all, two of
Bo. probably always simple, low in the soil; Ri. them with a variety, the new spec.—J. howellii
1: Rsp.6-10; Csp.mostly 1; Sp.strongly subulate, Daws.—having flowers only half as long as those of
ash-grey; apical wool not extensive; FI. with Pet. the type-species. The interesting point is that J.
oroader and shorter than in I.mollendensis; Fr. 2 thouarsii (Web.) Backbg. has crowded, longer
cm lg., red.—S. Peru (near Chala, Km 528). spines only on the trunk or towards the base, those
on the upper branches being short, whereas J.
7 roseiflora Hofim.: I. divaricatiflora Ritt. (Fig. howellii v. delicatus Y. Daws, has longer and
174.) denser spination in the flowering zone as well.—
Distribution: Galapagos Islands [probably (R),
but there is little experience by which to judge]. See
Isolatocereus (Backbg.) Backbg. (159) also Brachycereus Br. & R.
The plants of this monotypic genus eventually J. galapagensis (Web.) Br. & R. was based on a
develop a trunk and become tree-like. The flowers name published elsewhere and on insufficiently
are nocturnal, + tubular-funnelform, numerous, clarified material.
217
JASMINOCEREUS-LASIOCEREUS

J. howellii Y. Daws.—C. & S. J. [US], XXXIV: 3, flowers, their tubes fairly long and styles free, the
71-72. 1962. seeds lacking a large corky hilum. Flower-colour
Bo. tree-like, to 5 m h. or more; Ri. 18-19, to 2 cm red or purple, although a white-flowering mutation
h.; Rsp. 8-14, 1-2 cm lg.; Csp. 2-4, 4—9 cm lg.; Sp. has been observed in the type-species; K. guel-
alike on old and new growth, brownish at first, then zowiana also has fruits dehiscing laterally at
grey-flecked; FI. reddish, only 5(-6) cm lg., maturity. Both species have hooked spines.—
remaining open during the earlier part of the Distribution: Mexico (Durango). [(R), (G).]
morning; Tu. to 6 mm 0 ; Fr. ovoid to spherical,
indehiscent, 2—4.4 cm lg., reddish; pulp white,
viscous.—Galapagos Is. (Indefatigable Is., also K. guelzowiana (Werd.) Backbg.
known as Isla Santa Cruz: on lava in Academy Bo. sometimes offsetting later, single heads to 7 cm
Bay). h., to 6 cm 0 ; sap watery; Ax. glabrous; Ar.
v. delicatus Y. Daws, (l.c.): FI. larger, to 6.5 cm yellow; Rsp. numerous, to 80, hair-like and bristly,
lg.; Tu. more slender, c. 3.5 mm 0 ; St. with to 1.5 cm lg.; Csp. 1, to 1 cm lg., hooked, yellowish
longer Sp. throughout their length.— to reddish-brown; FI. 5 cm lg., to 6 cm 0 ,
Bartholome and Santiago (James) Is. (Fig. 177 remaining open 4-5 days; Fr. light red, ovoid; S. ±
right.) black, with a small white aril.—Mexico (Durango).
J. sclerocarpus (K. Sch.) Backbg.
Bo. tree-like, to 6 m h.; branches 15-22 cm 0 , K. longiflora (Br. & R.) Backbg. (T.)
ascending, + parallel; Ri. low, 1 cm h.; Sp. not Bo. spherical, sometimes caespitose; single head to
differentiated, 20-25, to 4.5 cm lg., straight, 6 cm h., 5 cm 0 ; sap watery; Tub. to 7 mm lg.; Ar.
subulate, pungent, shorter on the upper branches; glabrous or weakly felty; Rsp. c. 30, white, thin, to
FI. reddish (Weber says; acc. Naundorff white, or 1.3 cm lg.; Csp. 4, one of these hooked, light yellow
else his plant is a form, variety or another spec. ?), to reddish-brown, stouter, to 13 mm lg.; FI. to 4.5
noticeably waxy, to 11 cm lg.; Per. funnelform; cm lg., 4 cm 0 , pink; Fr. ovoid, drying at maturity;
Pet. truncate-rounded; Ov. oblong; Fr. spindle- S. as in the preceding spec.—Mexico (Durango,
shaped when unripe, becoming ovoid at maturity, Santiago, Papasquiaro). (Fig. 178.)
c. 7 cm lg.—Galapagos Is. (several islands). (Fig.
176.)
Lasiocereus Ritt. (58)
J. thouarsii (Web.) Backbg. (T.)
Bo. to 8 m h. or more; trunk to 30 cm 0 ; branches A hitherto undescribed genus of tree-like plants,
robust, the constricted parts more stoutly ovoid, to densely spiny, with “pseudocephalia” (Ritter),
14 cm 0 ; Ri. to 22, 1 cm h.; Ar. brown; Sp. dense from which arise the “black and white, tubular
and longer on the trunk (acc. Dawson’s photo), to flowers, densely covered with wool and bristles”.
10 per Ar., to 8 cm lg., fewer above, 1.3-5 cm lg., "Fruit dry, unusual in structure”.—Distribution:
one Csp. 3-5 cm lg., the lower ones longest, + Peru [(R).]
bristle-like and flexible; FI. to 11 cm lg., less waxy
than in the preceding, “brown with yellow stripes”
(Br. & R.; Dawson says nothing of the colour, L. fulvus Ritt.
which is unusual here; perhaps based on Bo. shrubby, to 3 m h., offsetting from the base,
herbarium-material?); Per. broader; Tu. slender, branches 3-7cm 0 ;R i. 10-14, obtuse, 7-10mmh.,
6-6.5 mm 0 ; Ov. rather oblong; Fr. ovoid to scarcely notched; Ar. 4-6 mm 0 , 4-7 mm apart,
spherical, reddish; pulp white.—Galapagos Is. rust-coloured; Sp. brownish-red, tipped yellow,
(Charles Is.) straight; Rsp. 8-12, acicular, 5-10 mm lg.; Csp.
v. chathamensis Y. Daws.—C. & S. J. [US], 3-6, subulate, longest ones 2-5 cm lg.; FI. apical,
XXXIV: 3, 73. 1962. nocturnal, 6 cm lg.; Ov. densely covered with
Bo. branching from nearer the base; Ri. 19-21 on greyish-brown wool, with many Sc. 5-10 mm lg.,
young plants, 12-13 on older ones; FI. to 11 cm reddish, nectary 7 mm lg.; style c. 3 cm lg., with 16
lg., colour? (not stated by Dawson); Tu. stouter, yellow Sti.; Fr. spherical; S. black, 1 mm lg., 0.7
9-10 mm 0 ; Ov. more spherical, stouter, 14 mm mm br.—Peru (E. of Balsas). (FR 1303.)
0 ; Pet. more spatulate.—Galapagos Is.
(Chatham Is.). (Fig. 177 left.)
L. rupicola Ritt.
Krainzia Backbg. (228) Shoots with fairly numerous Ri., resembling a
yellow-spined Haageocereus.—Peru (where?) (FR
Mammillaria-like spherical plants with quite large 661). (Fig. 179.)
218
 LEMAIREOCEREUS—LEOCEREUS

Lemaireocereus Br. & R. emend. Backbg. fleshy, ± spineless; S. reddish-black, numerous.—

148) Mexico.
Formerly a widely-embracing genus of disparate L. quevedonis G. Ortega
ipecies, now a genus with only one (or two?) Bo. tree-like, to 5 m h.; branches dark green; Ri.
species. 7-9, transversely furrowed; Ar. brown; Rsp. 12, to
Larger columnar cacti from Mexico, the shoots 1 cm lg.; Csp. 7, 1 more central, 4 cm lg.; Sp. white
readily detached; flowers numerous, subapical, and brown; FI. 6 cm lg., nocturnal; Sep. reddish
open (only?) during the day, stoutly cylindric to outside, greenish-white inside; Pet. white and pink;
rellshaped, the tube densely covered with white Fr. spherical; S. dark brown.—Mexico (Sinaloa,
r.airs or bristles. The edible fruit is spiny and does Guamuchil; Guerrero).
~ot become dry.—Distribution: Mexico (Puebla,
Tehuacan). [(R).] L. schumannii (Maths.) Br. & R.
Bo. to 15 m h., robust, with few branches; Ri. 8,
L. hollianus (Web.) Br. & R. (T.) very rounded, ± pruinose; Rsp. 6-7; Csp. 1, white,
Bo. simple or little branching from the base, to 5 m brown-tipped;—Honduras. (The older name for
h : branches + erect, to 6 cm 0 , dark green; Ri. Ritterocereus eichlamii?)
8-14, acute; Rsp. 8-14, to 3.5 cm lg., thin, grey;
Csp. 3-5, thickened below, to 10 cm lg.; FI. to 10 cm See also the remarks at the end of Ritterocereus.
lg.. to 3.5 cm 0 ; Tu. greenish, with long Br. and H.,
and Sc. with white felt; Sep. brownish-green, Lemaireocereus sens. lat. Br. & R.: For species
abate; Pet. ivory-white, ciliate and apiculate, where the diagnostic characters of flower and fruit
obliquely projecting; Fr. ovoid, 6-8 cm lg., pulp do not accord with the type of Lemaireocereus, see
purple; S. 2-3 mm lg., glossy black.—Mexico the specific name under the following genera:
'Puebla, near Tehuacan). (Fig. 180.) Armatocereus, Isolatocereus, Marginatocereus,
A second spec., reported from the neighbourhood Marshallocereus, Ritterocereus, Stenocereus.
of Zapotitlan, is clearly referable here but has not
been described: Bo. to 10 mh.; trunk to 1.5 mlg., 30
cm 0 ; Sp. to 20 cm lg.; FI. large, white to pink; Fr. Leocereus Br. & R. (135)
large, dark purple.—Mexico (Puebla, Zapotitlan
de las Salinas). Shrubby, thin-stemmed, erect to prostrate plants,
with numerous fine ribs with crowded areoles. The
The following species have hitherto been ascribed short-limbed, relatively small flowers are rather
to Lemaireocereus in the absence of sufficient narrowly funnelform, the scales on the tube are
information; all(?) have nocturnal flowers, and almost hidden under wool interspersed with bristly
most are probably referable to Marshallocereus or spines, and the fruit is small, spherical. Seeds dark
Ritterocereus: brown to black.—Distribution: S. to NE. Brazil.
[(G).]
L. longispinus Br. & R.
Bo. erect, stout; branches light green, + pruinose at L. bahiensis Br. & R. (T.)
first; Ri. 6, prominent and + tuberculate; Rsp. c. Bo. erect, sometimes inclined, to 2 m lg.; Ri. c.
10, spreading to recurved, acicular; Csp. sometimes 12-14, low, very narrow; Ar. + brownish; Sp.
present, porrect, to 8 cm lg., grey; FI. ?; Fr. ?— acicular, yellow; Rsp. c. 10; Csp. 1(— 2), one mostly
Guatemala. longer, porrect, to 3 cm lg., stouter; FI. 4 cm lg.;
Pet. white; Fr. c. 1 cm 0 ; S. c. 1.5 mm lg.—Brazil
L. martinezii G. Ortega (Bahia, nearBarrinha). (Fig. 181.)
Bo. tree-like, to 5 m h.; branches cylindric,
yellowish-green; Ri. 9; Ar. reddish-brown; Rsp. L. glaziovii (K. Sch.) Br. & R.
7-11; Csp. 3, one of them much thickened below; Bo. erect; branches somewhat spreading, 1.5-2 cm
Sp. black, red below; FI. ?; Fr. ?— Mexico 0 ; R i . 12, low; Sp. 20-30, unequal, 0.4-2.3 cm lg.,
iSinaloa, Mazatlan). brown to ash-grey; FI. weakly bent, 6 cm lg.; Fr. 2
cm lg., umbilicate; S. 1.5 mm lg., black. Brazil
L. montanus Br. & R. (Minas Geraes, on the Pico d’ltabira do Campo).
Bo. tree-like, to 7 nr h., with a distinct trunk; Ri. Flowering Ar. show stronger lighter woolly felt.
mostly 8; Ar. brown, large; Sp. to 6, 1-3 cm lg.,
pale; FI. 6-7 cm lg., slightly curving. Per. strongly L. melanurus (K. Sch.) Br. & R.
revolute; Sep. reddish; Pet. white; statements Bo. erect or inclined, to c. 1 m lg.; branches to 3 cm
differ as to the Sp. on the Ov.; Fr. to 7.5 cm lg., 0 ; Ri. 12-16, very low; Sp. 20-50 and more, bristly
219
LEOCEREUS-LEPISMIUM

to thin-acicular to stouter, overtopping the crown, Predominantly pendant epiphytes with slender
Csp. to 5 cm lg., brown to blackish; FI. to 7 cm lg., segments which can be terete, flat or angular. The
colour ?; Fr. spherical, with brown wool and Fl.- conspicuous diagnostic character of the genus is in
remains; S. c. 5mm lg., dark brown.—Brazil (Minas the ovary, which is sunken in the areole so that a
Geraes, Serra de S. Joao del Ray). large scar sometimes remains after flowering. Even
the buds are ± sunken. The flowers are mostly
L. paulensis Speg. small, only occasionally relatively large, and are
Bo. mostly simple, erect, to 1 m h.; branches many white (or yellowish) to pink. The fruit is a +
stouter; Sp. only c. 12, bristly, one longest Csp. spherical berry, white to red. 19 species.—
often curving slightly upwards; Pet. purple- Distribution: Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Para­
violet.—Brazil (State Sao Paulo). Never re­ guay (E. Bolivia?). [(R),///].
collected. The genus has been split into 5 subgenera, based on
stem-shape and areolar bristles. In the following
Lepidocoryphantha Backbg. (218) descriptions, the figure after the specific name
refers to the subgenus, as given in the systematic
A genus related to Coryphantha, but with the survey at the beginning of the work.
furrows extending over only half the tubercle;
shoots arise from here so that + large and L. chrysanthum (Lofgr.) Backbg. (2)
taprooted cushions are formed. The flowers of this Bo. ± erect, rigid; St. branching dichotomously or
genus, unlike the naked ones of Coryphantha, have in whorls, Seg. 3-8 cm lg., to 12 mm 0 , greyish-
+ felty axils, the ovary is sometimes scaly, also the green ;_Ar. with ± woolly felt and Br. (these later
watery fruit which contains moderately soft seeds. disappearing); Sc. vivid red; FI. ± terminal,
The flowers are quite large, ± light purple.— relatively large, opening widely; Fr. small, red.—
Distribution: S. States of the USA to N. Mexico. Brazil (Parana, coast).
[(R): imported plants should be given a chemical
fertilizer.] L. commune Pfeiff.: Lepismium cruciforme (Veil.)
Miqu.
L. macromeris (Eng.) Backbg. (T.)
Bo. broadly spherical, mid-green, forming cush­
L. cruciforme (Veil.) Miqu. (1) (T.)
ions; Tub. furrowed for ± half their length; Ar. Bo. bushy, to 60 cm lg., green, sometimes suffused
felty at first; Rsp. 10-17, stiff, angular, pungent, red; Seg. 3-winged; Ar. crowded, greyish-white to
white; Csp. stouter, to 4, to 5 cm lg., pink at first, brownish; FI. + bellshaped, + whitish, ± reddish
then brown to black, straight or curving to outside; Fr. + spherical, violet; S. dark brown.—
contorted; FI. 5-6.5 cm lg., 6-8 cm 0 , from the Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay.
base of the furrow, funnelform; Sep. lanceolate, v. anceps (Web.) Backbg.: shoots flat; FI. lilac-
fimbriate, green with a reddish tinge; Pet. narrow ,
white, bellshaped, Pet. strongly revolute;
deep pink to purplish-pink, with a darker stripe;
v. cavernosum (Lindbg.) Backbg. is moderately
Fr. ellipsoidal, green, to 2.5 cm lg.; S. to 1.5 mm
lg.—USA (W. Texas to New Mexico), Mexico branching; the Ar. are deeply sunken, with much
reddish-brown to grey wool;
(Chihuahua to Zacatecas). v. knightii (Preiff.) Boom: FI. translucent white;
L. runyonii (Br. & R.) Backbg. v. myosurus (SD.) Backbg.: moderately branch­
Bo. greyish-green, forming clumps to 50 cm 0 ; R. ing ; FI. pinkish-red; sv. vollii (Backbg.) Backbg.
thick, napiform, elongated; Tub. terete to flattened, is distinguished by short shoots to 3 cm lg.
furrowed through only half the length; Rsp. c. 6,
spreading, acicular, to c. 3 cm lg., light-coloured to L. dissimile Lindbg. (2)
reddish-orange, dark-tipped; Csp. to 3, reddish- Bo. strongly branching, main St. ribbed or
orange below, dark-tipped; FI. to 5 cm 0 , cylindric, to 1 cm 0 ; shoots slender, ribbed, +
purplish-pink; Sep. ciliate; Pet. ± denticulate; Fr. terete, bristly at first; FI. 6 mm br., borne laterally,
green; S. brown.—USA (Texas, Rio Grande). (Fig. white with a pink centre; Fr. purple, compressed.—.
182.) Brazil.

L. epiphyllanthoides (Backbg.) Backbg. (2)

Lepismium Pfeiff. (21) Bo. erect; shoots 2-A cm lg., shortly overlapping;
Ar. on a reddish prominence, with white felt, bristly
[Buxbaum reports that all Lepismium spec, (except at first; FI. to 3 cm 0 , yellowish-white; Sep.
L. cruciforme with its different flower-structure) darker-tipped; Fr. unknown.—Brazil (in the S., in
should now be referred back to Rhipsalis.] depressions in tufa-rock).
220
 LEPISMIUM

L. floccosum (SD.) Backbg. (2) the base; Sti.c. 7, to 5 mm lg., white; Fr.white to
Bo. shrubby, erect, then pendant; shoots mostly pink.—Brazil (Sao Paulo, island of Sao Sebastiao).
:îset to one another, cylindric, dull greyish-green; (Fig. 184.)
Ar. with much woolly felt, not set on a reddish The FI. arise from the axis and thus leave deep
prominence; FI. enveloped in yellowish-white cavity-like scars. I have studied various “short
wool, lateral, to 1.4 cm 0 , rotate, greenish-white ; flowering shoots” : these were to c. 2 cm lg., with
Fr. white.—Brazil (Minas Geraes ; Sâo Paulo, Serra distinct Sc. to over 2 mm lg., but the FI. itself never
i l Cantareira). developed fully, although it was still recognisable
as such, sometimes at the shoot-apex. This
L. gibberulum (Web.) Backbg. (2) demonstrates that the lengths of Tu. and FI. are
Bo. shrubby, little branching; branches dividing simply a process of reduction, or stages thereof.
¿ichotomously or in whorls, to 20 cm lg., 3-4 mm
0 , greenish-yellow ; Ar. rarely woolly, without Br. ; L. neves-armondii(K. Sch.) Backbg. (2)
Sc. minute; FI. numerous, lateral, to 1.4 cm 0 , Bo. shrubby, ± erect; shoots always in whorls, to
lightly incurving at the tip, white ; Fr. white, flat.— 10 cm lg., to 5 mm 0 ; Ar. spiralled, with short Br.;
Brazil (Sâo Paulo, Serra da Cantareira). FI.borne subapically, rotate, to 2 cm 0 , yellowish-
white; Fr. white to yellowish-white.—Brazil (Rio
L. grandiflorum (Haw.) Backbg. (2) de Janeiro, Tijuca and near Petropolis).
Bo. shrubby, pendant; branches forking or in
whorls, to 1cm 0 , cylindric, reddish-brown at first, L. pacheco-leonii(Lofgr.) Backbg. (2)
eventually ± vivid green ; Ar. little felty ; FI. lateral, Bo. creeping to pendant, branching irregularly,
to 2.5 cm 0 , rotate, whitish, striped green; Fr. never whorled; shootsvariable in shape and colour;
reddish.—Brazil (Rio de Janeiro; Minas Geraes; terete to angular to + cylindric; Ar. with felt and
Sào Paulo). Br., these later disappearing; FI. lateral, rotate,
small, ± light pinkish-red; Fr. spherical, red.—
L. knightii Pfeiff. : Lepismium cruciforme v. knightii Brazil (Rio de Janeiro: Cabo Frio).
:Pfeiff.) Boom.
L. paradoxum SD. (3)
L. marnieranum Backbg. (5)—Descr. Cact. Nov. Bo. shrubby, to 5 m lg., pendant; shootsshort, 3-
Ill: 7. 1963. angled, the angles and faces offset in successive
Bo. laxly branching, erect at first, later ± arching ; Seg., these to 5 cm lg.; Ar.without Br.; FI.solitary,
shoots dimorphic, in juvenile plants c. 5-6 mm 0 , subapical, to 2 cm lg., white; Fr. reddish.—Brazil
with 5 low slender angles, the crowded Ar. with (Sao Paulo, common near the city). Flowers only
several erect to appressed white Br. to 1 cm lg. ; later rarely in cultivation.
shoots c. 1-2 cm 0 , subterete at first, then 3-4-
angled, these angles sometimes slightly offset and L. pittieri(Br. & R.) Backbg. (2)
somewhat prominent towards the Ar. ; young Bo. shrubby, freely branching, pendant; shoots
shoots more bluish-green, older ones more dirty terete, to 6 mm 0 , branches ± forking ; Ar.
olive-green; Ar. on young shoots short and without a reddish zone; FI. greenish-yellow; Fr.
weakly felty, with small red Sc., those on older white. Habit similar to that of Rhipsalis
shoots stout, with dense projecting tufts of wool to cassutha.—Venezuela (near Puerto Cabello).
over 1 cm lg., at most with solitary Br.; FI.
concolorous white, 1(—1.75) cm 0 , often paired or L. pulvinigerum(Lindbg.) Backbg. (2)
temate, with the Ov. sunken ; Pet. crowded, obtuse, Bo. shrubby, branching; shoots in whorls, cylin­
c. 5 mm br. ; Fr. carmine-pink, subspherical, with dric, spreading, to 60 cm lg., to 4 mm 0 , glossy,
dried floral remains; S. 1 mm lg., glossy, black, green; Ar. spiralled, set on a reddish zone, with
boat-shaped.—Origin? (Fig. 183, above and short wool and Br. only at flowering; FI. solitary,
below.) 2.2 cm 0 , rotate, delicate greenish-white; Fr.
A very characteristic species of which the origin purple.—Brazil (Sao Paulo; Minas Geraes), NE.
remains unknown. It has been shown by experi­ Paraguay.
ments with seed-sowing at the Botanical Garden
"Les Cèdres” that the plants come true from seed. L. puniceo-discus(Lindbg.) Backbg. (2)
Bo. shrubby, little branching; shootsin whorls, to
L. megalanthum (Lofgr.) Backbg. (2) 40 cm lg., to 6 mm 0 , ± dark green; Ar. weakly
Bo. shrubby ; branches ± in whorls but sometimes felty, Br. absent; FI. solitary, ± funnelform, to
± forking, to 1.2 cm 0 ; Ar. often reddish, only 1.5 cm 0 , white; Fr. spherical, blackish,
flowering Ar. expanded, with floccose felt ; FI. to 4 becoming yellowish.—Brazil (Minas Geraes).
cm 0 , yellowish-white, rotate; Fil. pink towards v. chrysocarpum (Lofgr.) Backbg.: differentiated
221
LEPISMIUM-LEPTOCEREUS

by the + disc-shaped, light orange Fr.; the style diagnostic character of the genus is also the ±
is concolorous white, unlike the type where it is bellshaped-cylindric flower-form, with mostly
pink below. relatively short petals, giving a certain resemblance
to the flowers of Neoabbottia which has a partly
L.rigidum(Lofgr.) Backbg. (2) overlapping distribution. It is also worth noting
Bo. unusually rigid, + erect, little branching; that some Leptocereus species, like Neoabbottia
shoots arranged irregularly, never in whorls, to 60 and the Cuban genus Dendrocereus, possess a tree­
cm lg., to 1.5 cm 0 , dark green; Ar.scarcely felty; like habit with a distinct trunk. The flowers of each
Br. to 15, white, fairly rigid; FI.lateral, ± rotate, genus are, however, quite distinctive. This shows
straw-coloured; Fr.disc-shaped at first, shape and moreover that their evolutionary significance
colour at maturity not known.—Brazil (Sao Paulo: within so narrow an area is extremely difficult or
Serra da Cantareira). impossible to assess for the present, and de­
marcation has to be based on the stages of
L. saxatileFriedr. & Red. (2)—mentioned but not reduction and the additional characters of the
named in Mitt. Wiirtt. Kakteenfreunde, Aug. flowering region. The flowers of Leptocereus are
1963(4)—The Nat. Cact. & Succ. Journ. (Gr. Brit.), reputedly open during the daytime although some
4: Dec. 1965, with illustration. (like L. grantianus) are nocturnal, so that it is
Bo.shrubby or pendant; shootsglabrous or bristly, clearly possible all the species open first at night,
c. 1.5 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 6, straight or contorted; Ar.c. 12 and remain open the next day; closer inyestigations
mm apart, with white wool when ready to flower; have yet to be made. The fruits are + spiny and
Br.light to yellowish, to 15, to 7 mm lg., later black; contain, as far as is known, numerous black seeds.
FI.to 1.5 cm 0 , white, yellow in dried material; Fr. An important factor in determinining the in­
flesh-coloured; S. black.—Brazil. Prostrate plants dividual species is the diameter of the terminal
can be to 2 m lg. shoots.—Distribution: Cuba, Haiti, Santo Do­
An interesting new spec. Type-material (holotype) mingo, Puerto Rico. [(R), -x-.] *
is in the Herbarium at Kew Gardens.
Dr. Friedrich states the following: “Occurs in hilly L. arboreusBr. & R.
terrain, in the middle course of the Tiefe,where Bo. tree-like, to 6 m h., freely branching; Ri. 4,
several hundred groups were found in an area of c. narrow; Ar.2.5-4 cm apart; terminalshootsto 6 cm
2 hectares (approximately 4j-5 acres). FI., when 0 ; Sp. c. 10, to 5 cm lg., ± yellowish; FI.
fading, canary-yellow; Fr. a fleshy berry 8-10 mm bellshaped, to 3 cm lg., + whitish ;Tu.and Ov.very
0 ; S. black. Plants grow to 50 cm lg. with the FI. spiny; Fr.ellipsoidal, to 10 cm lg., to 6 cm 0 , with
borne subapically.” dense long Sp.—E. Cuba. [Haage adds: Sp. c.
12-20, 1-3 cm lg.—Cuba S. coasts of Prov. Las
L. trigonum(Pfeiff.) Backbg. (4) Villas, also near Yaguanabo and eastwards, on dry
Bo. shrubby, pendant, over 2 m lg.; shoots with 3 scarps towards Trinidad).]
continuous angles, to 10 cm lg., to 1.5 mm 0 , +
contorted; Ar. strongly woolly at flowering and L. assurgens(C. Wright) Br. & R. (T.)
then also with 1Br.-Sp.; budsbrownish to reddish- Bo. shrubby, to 3 m h., trunk short, to 6 cm 0 ; Ri.
yellowish; FI. solitary, rotate, whitish or reddish; to 9; Ar.at first white-felty; terminalshootsto 3 cm
Fr. spherical, red.—Brazil (Sao Paulo; (?) Rio de 0 ; Rsp. to 16; Csp. 4; all Sp. yellowish-white; FI.
Janeiro). to 15 together, apical, c. 4 cm lg., light yellow; Tu.
with reddish Sp.; Fr.with dense long Sp.^Cuba.
L.tucumanense (Web.) Backbg. (2) [Haage adds: to 1 m h.—Cuba (Pinar del Rio, on
Bo. shrubby, ± branching; shoots ± whorled, to 1 limestone cliff's; Ensenada de Valle, 2 km from
cm 0 ; Ar.set on a reddish zone, bristly at first; FI. Vinales).]
lateral, to 1.8 cm 0 , white; Fr.flattened-spherical,
+ pinkish-white.—N. Argentina. L.ekmanii(Werd.) Knuth
Bo. prostrate to semi-erect; Ri. to 7, clearly
notched; Ar.with short brown felt; terminalshoots
Leptocereus (Berg.) Br. & R. (134) to 2 cm 0 ; Rsp.c. 10, acicular, to 4 cm lg.; Csp. 1,
longer and stouter; all Sp. thickened below, ±
An interesting genus which, when compared with brownish; FI.to 2 cm lg., ± funnelform; Pet.4 mm
genera shown by the flower-morphology to be
closely related (i.e. Acanthocereus), exhibits pro­ * Haage reports: 2 interesting new spec, of Leptocereus
gressive spine-reduction. In some species the were collected by Dr. A. Areces Mallea in Prov.
flowers are relatively spiny, but in Leptocereus Camaguey, Sierra de Najana, and in the north coastal
grantianus there are only traces of bristles. A plains of Prov. Oriente, Cuba.
222
 LEPTOCEREUS-LEUCOSTELE

; yellow; Tu. with yellowish-brown Sp.; Fr. not Cuba, in Prov. Oriente, W. of Pilón, on dry coastal
cown.—Cuba. plains, Las Puercas River].
Haage adds: Dr. A. Areces Mallea, Bot. Gard.
Havana, was unable to re-collect it in 1974 in L. weingartianus (Hartm.) Br. & R.
s : morrostro and the Anafe Mts., Cuba.] Bo. clambering, sometimes creeping; Ri. to 7; Ar.
with short white wool at first; terminal shoots 1 cm
I_ grantianusN. L. Britt. 0 ; Sp. yellow to reddish-brown; Rsp. to 12; Csp.
Bo. erectly shrubby, to 1.5 m h.; Ri.low, notched; to 6, to 1.5 cm lg., stouter; FI. c. 4 cm lg.; Fr. c. 2 cm
M. with black Sp. to only 1 mm lg., these later lg., Sp.-clusters later dropping.—Hispaniola.
; >appearing; terminal shoots 3-5-ribbed; FI.
:tary, nocturnal, to 6 cm lg.; Tu. with blackish L. wrightii León
7: and few Sp. c. 1 mm lg.; Sep. greenish; Pet. Bo. tree-like, to 3 m h., freely branching when
. -eam-coloured, c. 8 mm lg.; Fr.spherical, c. 4 cm older; trunk to 20 cm 0 ; Ri. 4(-5); Ar. with grey to
I -Puerto Rico. (Fig. 185.) brownish felt; terminal shoots to 5 cm 0 ; Sp. to 14,
to 4 cm lg., to 8 cm on the terminal shoots, grey to
7.leoniiBr.& R. brownish; FI. 2-4, apical, to 6.5 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 ;
Bo.tree-like or shrubby, to 5 m h. ;trunk to 30 cm Tu. with reddish Sp.; Sep. red, recurved; Pet. pink,
Z oelow; Ri.to 8, notched; terminalshootsto 2 cm whitish-yellow below; Fr. to 10 cm lg., 7.5 cm 0 . —
Z Sp.6-12, 9 cm lg., yellowish; FI.bellshaped, 3.5 Cuba.
-- lg-, ± pink; Tu. with 1-4 short Sp.; Fr. [Haage adds: Cuba (between Havana del Este and
spherical to ovoid, 2 cm 0 , sparsely spiny; S. Cojimar, on limestone cliffs).]
■ ack.—Cuba.
Haage adds: not found again in 1974 by Dr. A. Leptocladodia F. Buxb. (Leptocladia F. Buxb.):
Hreces Mallea.] Mammillaria Haw.—SSer. Leptocladodae K. Sch.
L. maxoniiBr.& R.
Bo. bushy, to 1.5 m h., ± branching; Ri. 5-7, Leuchtenbergia Hook. (193)
. -uate; Ar. circular; terminal shoots c. 3 cm 0 ;
>p. c. 20, acicular, yellow to dark brown, to 3 cm Monotypic genus. Above a stout taproot, passing
r FI. to 6 cm lg., ± yellowish-green; Pet. over in age into a trunk-like body, the plant
'-iimerous, spreading horizontally; Tu. and Ov. develops long triangular tubercles which project
■ ithdense yellow Sp.; Fr.with dense, + yellowish- obliquely upwards in all directions, and are tipped
brownish Sp.—Cuba. with raffia-like spines; it may then offset, and old
Haage adds: up to 1 m h.; Ri. (5—)6—7; Ar. 1-2 cm plants sometimes form groups. The yellow flowers
-part.—Cuba (Oriente, E. of Daiquiri and in are borne in the centre of the plant, on the newest
Maisi).] areoles, and have a tube with fairly dense, large
scales. The fruit is spindle-shaped, dry, scaly. The
.prostratusBr. & R. seeds are dark brown.—Distribution: Central to
3->. prostrate to creeping; Ri. 7, scarcely notched; N. Mexico. [(R); grafted seedlings grow more
\r.prominent; terminal shoots to 2 cm 0 ; Sp. to rapidly.]
20. to 2 cm lg., ± yellow; Ov. with dense yellow
Sp.: Pet. 1.5 cm lg.; Fr.c. 1.5 cm0 . —Cuba. L. principis Hook. (T.)
Bo. simple or eventually offsetting, to 70 cm h.;
quadricostatus(Bello) Br. & R. Tub. ± truncate at the tip, later dying back from
Bo. erectly shrubby or arching to bent, often above and finally disappearing; Ar. densely grey-
: ruling thickets; Ri. thin, low; terminal shoots felty; Sp. thin, paper-like; Rsp. to 14, c. 5 cm lg.;
mostly 4-ribbed; Sp.to 4 cm lg., acicular; FI.4 cm Csp. 1-2, sometimes 10 cm lg.; FI. to 8 c, lg., +
; . 2 cm 0 ; Sep. green; Pet. ± yellowish to funnelform; Sep. green with a reddish centre; Pet.
p-eenish-white; Tu. and Ov. with short Sp.; Fr. ± yellow with a silken sheen.—Central to N. Mexico.
oherical, red, weakly spiny.—Puerto Rico (in the (Fig. 186.)
SW.).
L. svlvestrisBr.& R. Leucostele Backbg. (94)
Bo. tree-like, to 5 m h.; Ri.to 7, strongly notched;
rrminal shoots to 3 cm 0 ; Sp. to 9 cm lg.. light Large, robust, columnar Cerei, simple at first, later
"own; FI.not known; Fr. + spherical, to c. 8 cm somewhat branching, with numerous rounded and
ig . the short Sp.-cushions soon dropping.—Cuba. not very prominent ribs. The body is fairly densely
Haage adds: Acc. Mallea, recently common in clad with soft white flexible bristles instead of
223
LEUCOSTELE-LOBIVIA

spines. The flowers are ± bellshaped to funnelform forming cushions, some becoming cylindric in age.
and subapical; they are very hairy and have firmly The spination is very variable. The + funnel-
appressed triangular scales, while the ovary is set shaped flowers come in colours of white to yellow
with erect to appressed or sometimes contorted to red, with every intermediate shade; they and the
bristles to 1 cm long. The fruits too have contorted relatively small fruits are hairy. Many species have
bristles, which constitute the principal diagnostic a conspicuously coloured hymen (a membranous
character separating Leucostele from process on the inner wall of the flower) from which
Helianthocereus.—Distribution: probably S. the filaments arise; these flowers are among the
Bolivia. [(R).] most attractive of all. Differences in flower-form
are the basis for a division into two subgenera:
L. riviereiBackbg. (T.) SG.l: Lobivia: inner petals ± erect to sometimes
Bo.to over 5 m h.; Ri.c. 25 or more; Ar.grey-felty; bending inwards;
Rsp.and Csp.not differentiated, to 4 cm lg., bristly, SG.2: Neolobivia Backbg.: inner petals never
weak, white; FI. 10 cm lg., bellshaped to funnel- bending inwards, flower ± broadly fun­
form, pure white, diurnal; Fil.in 2 Ser.; Fr. with nelform.
± contorted Br.—S. Bolivia!?). (Fig. 187, 188.) SG. 1 contains only a single series:
Quite fast-growing. Series 1: Pentlandianae Backbg.: floral charac­
ters as for the subgenus above.
SG. 2 has been subdivided into the following 14
Lobeira Alex. (34) series, the principal diagnostic characters being
given with each:
This genus was one of the first of the newer Series 2: Mistienses Backbg.: Plants forming
discoveries which—together with Cryptocereus, groups; flowers fairly large, petals lax,
Marniera and Pseudonopalxochia—revealed the narrow-tipped;
unbroken line of reduction in floral indumentum Series 3: Bolivienses Backbg.: sometimes for­
among the epiphylloid genera. Lobeira represents ming large groups, bodies + broadly-
the final stage in this series before the glabrous state spherical; flowers funnelform, petals
is reached: the ovaries and fruits still have felty crowded;
cushions. The shoots are robust but not broad, the Series 4: Flertrichianae Backbg.: forming slender
step-like notches on one side are opposite lobes on groups, more freely offsetting; flowers
the other margin; the areoles are prominent and funnelform, petals delicate, red to
felty. The funnelform flowers arise towards the bluish-red, mostly with a silky sheen;
apex of the shoot; they are c. 8 cm long, with a tube Series 5: Haageanae Backbg.: groups of cylin­
c. 3.5 cm long. The fruit is green and the numerous dric, ± stoutly-spined stems; flowers
seeds are black.—Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas). varying considerably in colour;
[(*)•] Series 6: Shaferae Backbg.: smaller, + cylindric
plants, with quite large flowers;
L.macdougalliiAlex. (T.) Series 7: Pseudocachenses Backbg.: smaller, +
Bo. erect at first, then hanging down; shootsto 25 cushion-forming plants, individual
cm lg., to 5 cm br., tapering towards the apex; Ar. bodies + flattened-spherical; free-
with very short felt; Sep. recurved; Pet. curving flowering ;
slightly outwards, expanded, often apiculate, Series 8: Pugionacanthae Backbg.: small plants,
purplish-pink; Fr. 2.8 cm 0, felt-cushions pale with a taproot and dagger-like spines;
brown.—Mexico (Chiapas, near San Cristobal Las Series 9: Breviflorae Backbg.: + broadly spheri­
Casas, at c. 2400 m). (Fig. 189.) cal, medium-sized plants; no hooked
spines present; flowers fairly short;
Series 10: Caineanae Backbg.: robust, cylindric,
Lobivia Br. & R. (100)* ± cereoid plants; flowers borne close to
the apex;
The plants of this genus are mostly relatively small­ Series 11: Famatimenses Backbg.: plants form­
bodied, either single or caespitose, sometimes ing cushions or groups, single bodies
relatively small, spines fine, short or
* “ Lobivia: the day-flowering Echinopsidinae“ , by longer, to + interlacing; flowers fun­
Walter Rausch: German language, also in English nelform, variable in size, of widely
translation by John Donald; descriptions, synonymies, different colours;
many colour photographs, maps and botanical drawings. Series 12: Wrightianae Backbg.: taprooted, +
Published in 3 parts by Rudolf Herzig, Vienna. slender, caespitose plants; flowers very
[Translator’s note.] slender-funnelform;
224
 LOBIVIA

Series 13: Jajoianae Backbg.: moderately off­ fresh green; Ri. 16; Sp. acicular, brownish at first;
setting plants, single heads + spherical Rsp. to 12, to 3.5 cm lg.; Csp. 1-3, the longest one
to oblong, later quite large; with solitary 4.5 cm lg.; FI. 6.3 cm lg., 5 cm 0 , + golden-yellow,
± hooked spines; flowers bellshaped to purple-bordered, scented; hymen white.—Bolivia
funnelform, with a hymen (union of (Potosí, Huari-Huari).
the filament-bases), mostly in a fairly
strongly contrasting colour; L. adpressispina Ritt. (FR 977): no description
Series 14: Sanguiniflorae Backbg.: + broadly available.
spherical bodies, sometimes later ob­
long, + cushion-forming, with solitary
hooked spines; flowers funnelform, L.aguilariVasquez 1973
medium-sized; Bo. simple, spherical, 9 cm h., to 17 cm 0 , green;
Series 15: Tiegelianae Backbg.: bodies mostly Ri. c. 17, spiralled, tuberculate; Sp. 11—18, erect,
simple, + depressed-spherical, spines slightly bent above, shortest one 1 cm, longest one
very fine; flowers funnelform with slen­ to 8 cm lg., older Sp. grey, newer ones white; FI.
der tubes (free-flowering). near the apex, bellshaped, 8.5 cm lg.; Ov. spherical,
1he Lobivias are exceedingly floriferous, and their 1 cm 0 , whitish-gréen with pink Sc. and dense
flowers are particularly attractive. They thus white H. in their axils; Tu. short, bellshaped, with
reserve more attention from professional growers. pink Sc., with white and black H. in the axils; Sep.
Grafted plants, which flower even more profusely, linear, 3.5 x 1 cm, light magenta outside, magenta-
are recommended.—Distribution: from Central red inside; Pet. oblong, 4 x 1.3 cm, red; styleand
Peru to N . Argentina. [(R); grafting gives more Sti.light green; Fil.magenta-red; An. yellow; Fr.
rapid growth and freer flowering.] subspherical, 17x15 mm, green; S. 1 mm lg.,
The first figure after each specific name indicates black.—Bolivia (Dept. Cochabamba, Prov. Miz­
the appropriate subgenus; the second figure shows que, close to Molinero, at 2500 m). Spec, disco­
the series.* vered by Edgar Aguilar.
L. abrantha Y. Ito (1962); Lobiviacaineana Card. L.akersiiRausch
Bo. simple, flattened-spherical, 20 mm h. and to 70
L. acanthoplegma (Backbg.) Backbg. n.comb. mm 0 , dark green to violet-brown; Ri. to 18,
Pseudolobivia acanthoplegma Backbg., “Die broken up into acutely-angled Tub. tipped with the
Cact.”, VI: 3726. 1962) (2:9) Ar.; Ar.round, white-felty; Rsp. 4-5, 7-12 mm lg.,
Bo. broadly flattened-spherical, to c. 11 cm 0 , leaf- curving to the Bo., sometimes appressed; Csp.0-1,
green, with some grey felt in the crown; Ri. low, to 25 mm lg., strongly curving to curling inwards,
wider below, c. 26, acute, Tub. offset; Rsp. 9-11, brown; all Sp. soft, flexible; FI.40 mm lg., 20 mm
interlacing sideways, to 2 cm lg., subulate, horn- 0 ; Ov. ovoid; Tu. narrow, violet-red with dark
coloured ; Csp.0; FI.c. 5 cm lg., 4cm 0 ; Tu.only c. brown Sc. and white and brown H.; Sep. lan­
. cm lg., green, scaly, with some brown H.;Sep. ceolate, violet-pink; Pet.only 12-14 mm lg.; throat
narrow, long, olive-green; Pet. flame-colour, 11 narrowly funnelform, pink, white inside; inner Fil.
mm br., obtusely rounded above; Fil.in 2 Ser., the white, outer ones orange; style 22 mm lg., white
lower one light red, the upper darker red; style with yellow Sti.; Fr.spherical, 2-3 cm 0 ; S.small,
green below, + reddish-green above; Sti. light as in L. tegeleriana (Acantholobivia!).—Peru (near
green.—Bolivia (near Ansaldo, road to the Rio Oyon, at 3700 m). Self-fertile.
Caine, 2050 m?). (Fig. 190.)
The segregation of Acantholobivia as a distinct
L. achacana Wessn.: an undescribed name. genus is scarcely justified. Acc. Rausch, he has
found both spiny and spineless Fr. within many
L. aculeataBuin. (2 : 3 [?]) spec, of Lobivia.
Bo. depressed-spherical, 5 cm h., 7 cm 0 , glossy L. akersii was earlier distributed as Lobivia
churinensis.
* While only naturally occurring species can be dealt with L. albolanata (Buin.) Krainz: Lobiviafamatimensis
ra this work, attention must be drawn to the often very v. famatimensis.
beautiful Lobivia-hybrids raised in Japan, as shown by
h oshio Ito in the many fine colour-photos of his cactus-
rooks in the series "Hoikuscha Color Books” (1962) and L. allegraianaBackbg. (2: 4)
The Charming of Flowers-Cacti” (1963). Both works Bo. simple to caespitose, to 8 cm h. and 0 , dark
ere of great importance because of the insight they bluish-green; Ri. spiralled, Tub. + square; Sp. to
provide into the breeding potential of Lobivias (see 12, to 3 cm lg., + curving, yellowish at first; Rsp.
-lustration in the Introduction). and Csp. scarcely differentiated; FI. 5 cm lg., 4 cm
225
LOBIVIA

0 , silky, blood-red; Fr.c. 1.5 cm lg., green.—SE. were undoubtedly attributable to Lob. arachnac­
Peru. antha, published somewhat earlier. The flower-
description most closely matching “Echps. tor­
L. amblayensisRausch recillasensis” is the form with green Tu. and Sc.,
Bo. simple, to 2 cm h., 3 cm 0 , dark to brownish- hymen inconspicuous, Pet. true red, slender, acute;
green, with a taproot; Ri. 11-17, straight, vertical; Sti’ green [Haage adds: = Echinopsis arachna­
Ar.round, 2 mm 0 , 1-2 mm apart, with whitish to cantha (Buin. et Ritt.) H. Friedr.]
light brown felt; Rsp. 14-16, 3-6 mm lg., spreading Kilian has observed the following variants:
to pectinate, bristly, brittle, white, reddish-brown 1. var.?: (Cardenas material); Bo. green, bluish-
below, later brown; Csp.2-3, to 8 mm lg., arranged green, olive or brownish-green; Sep. light
in a vertical line, projecting, stouter, brownish- olive; Pet. orange, spatulate; Fil. orange
black on new growth, later black; FI.lateral, 8 cm above, lilac-carmine below; style green;
lg., 6 cm 0 ;Ov. long-elliptic; Ov. and Tu. pinkish Sti. light green; Tu. light olive-brownish
brown with brown Sc. and brownish-grey H.; Sep. with whitish-grey H.
violet-pink or reddish, with a brown M.-stripe; Pet. 2. var.?: Bo. green; Sep. and Pet. red-madder,
spatulate, to 15 mm br., serrate, mucronate above, spatulate, acute; Fil. lilac-carmine; style
orange-yellow, bordered red; hymen white, throat green; Sti. light green to yellowish; Tu.
and inner Fil. carmine, outer ones yellow; style green with carmine Sc.
green or dark red, 11 Sti.similarly; Fr. ellipsoid, 3. var.?: Bo. green; Pet. obtuse, spatulate; Sep.
blackish-brown with pink Sc. and whitish-grey light olive-yellow tinged pink; Pet. car­
wool; S. spherical, testa black, finely mine; Fil. lilac-carmine; style olive; Sti.
tuberculate.—Argentina (Salta, E. of Amblayo, at green; Tu. pinkish-olive, Sc. pink, H.
2800 m). (Fig. 471). ( = Echinopsis amblayensis black.
[Rausch] H. Friedr.) 4. var.?: Bo. green; Pet. acute, spatulate; Sep. light
v. albispinaRausch: distinguished from the type yellowish-olive; Pet. red; Fil. carmine;
by its white Sp.—Argentina (Salta, S. of Am­ style green; Sti. white; Tu. light green, Sc.
blayo, at 2300 m). ( = Echinopsis amblayensis similarly, H. white, interspersed with short
[Rausch] H. Friedr. v. albispina Rausch.) black ones; hymen distinct, pinkish-
While this complex resembles L. densispina, the carmine.
habitats are widely separated; moreover it is The best solution would appear to be to subdivide
distinguished by its generally reddish-brown ap­ the spec, into var. arachnacantha with yellow FI.,
pearance, dark green to brownish epidermis, Sp. and var. torrecillasensis with red FI., providing the
which are red, becoming brown to blackish, Ov. latter with a type, and either describing it as rather
more than twice as long as broad, the mostly variable, or listing the variants as sv. The hymen
orange-red border to the Pet.; 15 km further S. appears to be inconspicuous in Nos. 1and 2, i.e. not
there is also a population with entirely white-spined so markedly carmine as in Nos. 3 and 4. Flowever,
plants, with orange FI. in the absence of information as to the possible
range of variability, accurate naming presents
L. andalgalensisBr. & R. (2:3) serious problems; as an instance, there are so many
Bo. forming cushions, individual heads to 10 cm variants of Lob. famatimensis that individual
0 ; Ri. c. 13, scarcely notched; Sp. straight, names for all of them are scarcely thinkable,
subulate, white; Rsp. to 10, to 7 mm lg.; Csp. 1, to v. torrecillasensishort. europ. (Card. ?): diverges
2.5 cm lg., stouter; FI. c. 6 cm lg., red; Fil. ± in having the Ri.either fewer or more numerous;
purple; style reddish or yellow.—W. Argentina Rsp. 9-12; Csp. (0—)1(—2); Sp. reddish-brown at
(Catamarca: Ancasti, Andalgala). first; FI. + carmine. [Haage adds: = Echinopsis
arachnacantha (Buin. et Ritt.) H. Friedr. v.
L.arachnacanthaBuin. & Ritt. (2:7) torrecillasensis Card.]
Bo.flattened-spherical, to 2 cm h., to 4 cm 0 , dark
green; Ri. 14, weakly notched; Sp. appearing L. argenteaBackbg. (2:3)
spider-like; Rsp. to 15, to 5 mm lg., pale brown at Bo. forming groups, single heads to 10 cm h., to 15
first, then whitish; Csp. 1, 5 mm lg., black, curving cm 0 , glossy, greyish-green; Ri. 24, Tub. sharply
upwards; FI.with a slender Tu., yellow to orange; angular; Rsp. to 14, to 2 cm lg.; Csp. to 8 cm lg.,
Fr.reddish-green.—Bolivia (Samaipata). dark at first, red below, becoming pinkish-grey; FI.
This name is applied also to Cardenas’s material, delicate silvery to lilac-white; Pet. lax, narrow,
known as “Echinopsis torrecillasensis”, but not tapering.—Bolivia (Prov. Oruro).
possessing the stoutly napiform lower part shown
in the drawing of Cardenas. Plants from the seeds L. aurantiacaBackbg. (2:3)
he sent, with the above name, gave plants which Bo. + oblong, offsetting from the base, dull
226
 LOBIVIA

rrownish-green; crown with few Sp. but with fine red-madder, with a bluish sheen; Fr. green,
- . Ri. 21, ± reddish, divided into oblique Tub.; subspherical.—SE. Peru (near Cuzco).
tangled, + contorted, to c. 8 cm lg., light grey,
--ownish-tipped; FI. c. 5 cm lg.; Sep. bronze- L. boedekeriana Hard.: Lobivia rossii v. boedek-
-: ioured; Pet. broadly truncate to rounded, + eriana(Hard.) Backbg.
¡kntieulate, orange-yellow; style pale greenish.—
Jngin? L. boliviensisBr. & R. (2:3)
Bo.forming groups, single St. ± spherical, to 10 cm
L aurea (Br. & R.) Backbg. and variety: Pseudol- 0 , often hidden by the thin dense Sp.; Ri. to 20,
■riviaaurea(Br. & R.) Backbg. and variety. shortly tuberculate; Sp.6-8, ± flexible, to 9 cm lg.,
brownish; centralsscarcely distinguishable; FI. ±
aureolilacina Card. (2:3)—C. & S. J. [US] aniline-red.—Bolivia (near Oruro).
vXXIII: 4,110-111. 1961. Many of the varieties formerly listed under
simple, spherical, 7-8 cm h., 13-14 cm 0 , “Lobivia pentlandii”, assuming they are not
greyish-green; Ri. c. 18; Rsp. 8, pectinate, 1.5-3.5 hybrids, are doubtless referable here, or to other
lg.: Csp. 1.3-7 cm lg.; Sp. subulate, horn- Bolivian spec, with widely funnelform flowers.
.: loured, curving and whitish-grey at the tip,
■ ekened below; FI.7 cm lg.; outer Pet.yellowish L.brevifloraBackbg. (2:9)
: lilac, inner ones light yellow.—Bolivia (Chuq- Bo. depressed-spherical, glossy, dark green; crown
■Esaca, Impora). sunken; Ri. c. 25, + rounded, becoming flatter,
obliquely tuberculate; Sp. to 25, pectinate, +
L aureosenilisKnize 1969 curving; Rsp. and Csp. scarcely differentiated, to
So. spherical at first, later elongated, forming large 13 mm lg., brownish, later whitish; FI.c. 3 cm lg.,
groups, light green; R. thread-like at first; Ri. brilliant light blood-red, with a very short Tu.; Sep.
2-13, straight, obtuse, broader below; Ar. small, lighter.—Argentina (Salta). This spec, has the
:h grey wool; Sp. dissimilar, + straight, flexible; shortest FI. of any known Lobivia.
Rsp- 8-10, 1 cm lg., radiating; Csp. 3-5, golden-
illow, to 7 cm lg., directed towards the crown, L. bruchii Br. & R.: Soehrensia bruchii (Br. & R.)
tten cruciform; FI.pinkish-red, 3.5^1.5 cm 0 , 3.5 Backbg.
lg.: Fr.brown, naked or with small violet Sc.; S.
-ck. matt, 0.2-3 mm (?) 0 . —Peru (Arequipa, L. brunneo-roseaBackbg. (2:3)
-ear Tarucani, at 4000 m). Bo. later offsetting, single heads to 10 cm 0 ; Ri.c.
18, slightly spiralled, obliquely notched; Rsp.c. 10,
-. backebergiana Y. Ito (2:3)—The Full Bloom of c. 2 cm lg., acicular, curving; Csp. 1(—2), to 6 cm lg.;
fret. Flow., 50. 1962. Sp. interlacing, light, darker-tipped; FI. opening
Bo. spherical to elongated; Ri. acute, 17-20; Rsp. widely, strongly revolute, brownish old-rose;
4-12, 1-2.5 cm lg., whitish-brown; Csp. 1, to 3 cm hymen light-coloured.—Bolivia (Oruro—La Paz).
g . whitish to reddish-brown; FI.to 7 cm lg., fairly
irge funnelform, light yellow; Pet. apiculate.— L. buiningiana (FR 55): no description available.
Argentina. In the colour-photo the Sp. are shown
*s grey, dark-tipped. L.cabradaiFric nom.nud.
Description by K. Wilhelm, Mainz:
L- backebergii(Werd.) Backbg. (2:12) Bo. oblong-spherical, green to bluish-green, 6-10
So.simple or offsetting, spherical to oblong, 4.5 cm cm h., 5-7 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 12, unbroken; Rsp. c.
light green; Ri. c. 15, with somewhat oblique 10-15, to 10 mm lg., straight, reddish-brown, later
-rrows; Sp. all radials (3—)5(—7), unequal, project- horn-coloured; Csp. 1-3, to 10 mm lg., brown; FI.
ng ± obliquely, 0.5-5 cm lg., + brownish to grey, red, to 6 cm lg. and 3-5 cm 0 . —Peru (no locality
r.dividual Sp. hooked; FI. c. 4.5 cm lg., light stated; found by Fric.).
, irmine, with a bluish sheen; Pet. oblong; throat
-hite.—Bolivia (near La Paz, at c. 3600 m). L.cachensis(Speg.) Br. & R. (2:14)
Bo.simple or caespitose, c. 9 cm h., 6.5 cm 0 ; Ri.c.
L. binghamiana Backbg. (2:4) 19, transversely notched; Rsp. 7-20, 4-5 mm lg.,
Bo. later offsetting freely, rich glossy light green, straight; Csp. 4, 1-2 longer, hooked; Sp. weak,
:potted white; single heads to 8 cm ff and 0 ; grey, tipped yellowish; FI. c. 7 cm lg., red.—N.
-own sunken; Ri. c. 22; Sp. light ¿olden-yellow, Argentina (Salta, near Cachi, 2500 m).
.acicular, sharp, to 12, scarcely differentiated; Csp.
-ter mostly 3, longer, to 1.5 cm lg., thickened L. caespitosa(J. A. Purp.) Br. & R. (2:2)
relow, darker; FI.c. 5 cm lg. and 0 , brilliant silky Bo.forming groups; St.cylindric, mid-green; Ri.c.

227
LOBIVIA

12, rounded, slightly wavy; Rsp. 12, 2 cm lg., L.cerasifloraFric nom.nud.

acicular; Csp. 1, to 5 cm lg., ± curving; Sp.-colour Description by K. Wilhelm, Mainz:
variable, brownish to amber; FI. to 8 cm lg., Bo. spherical to oblong, to 10 cm lg., 7-10 cm 0,
yellowish-red.—Bolivia (N. of La Paz). green; Ri.c. 15, small, straight, unbroken; Rsp. to
15, only a few mm lg., grey to whitish-grey, flexible,
L.caineanaCard. (2:10) bristly, concealing the Bo.; Csp. 1-3 at maturity,
Bo. simple, cylindric to cereoid, to 20 cm h., 9 cm rather longer than the Rsp.; FI.flesh-coloured, to 6
0 , vivid green; Ri.9, broad; Sp.to 18, to 7 cm lg., cm lg., 3-5 cm 0 ; throat red to lighter.—Bolivia
subulate, older Sp. bent, whitish-grey; FI. subapi- (no exact locality known).
cal, funnelform, to 7 cm lg., pinkish-violet.—
Bolivia (Calahuta, Rio Caine). L.charazanensisCard. (2:3)
The habit of this little known spec, and its FI. are so Bo.grouping, single heads to 4cm h., 5 cm 0, light
remarkable that acc. Ritter they merit independent green; Ri. 13-15, acute, Tub. + offset; Rsp. c. 12,
generic status. 0.5-5 cm lg., thin-acicular, spreading; Csp. 1, c. 6
cm lg.; all Sp. golden-yellow; FI. stoutly fun­
L. camataquiensis Card. (2:9)—“Cactus”, 18: nelform, 5 cm lg., 4 cm 0, sulphur-yellow; Sep.
90-91.1963. reddish above.—Bolivia (Charazani, 3000 m).
Bo. to 10 cm h., to 11 cm 0, greyish-green; Ri.c.
23, 1 cm h., notched, Tub. hatchet-shaped; Ar. to L. charcasina Card. (2:3)— “Cactus”, 19: 82,
1.2 cm apart; Sp. not differentiated, 15-17, 42-43. 1964.
acicular, 5-35 mm lg., upper ones at first stiffer, Bo.simple, 4cm h., 9cm 0;Ri. c. 19,Tub. hatchet­
brown; FI. numerous, in a subapical coronet, shaped; Ar. 1.5 cm apart, grey; Sp. 14-16,
broadly funnelform, 4.5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 ; Pet. pectinate, to 1 cm lg., subulate, grey to white,
crimson, apiculate; Fil. in 2 Ser., lower Ser. dark thickened below; FI. to 6 cm lg., shortly fun­
red, upper Ser. crimson; Sti.light green; Tu. with nelform; Pet. spatulate, red; Tu. only 2 cm lg.,
white H. and purple Sc., widely opening; style green, with white and black FI.;Ov. with many
green.—Bolivia (S. Cinti, between Camataqui white H. ;Fil.purple; stylegreen.—Bolivia (Chuq-
[Abecia] and Carreras, 2300 m). Resembles L. uisaca, near Sucre, Charcas).
cintiensis Card., from which it is distinguished by
the erect, longer Sp.; the ring of FI. is similar to L. L.chereauniana(Schlumb.) Backbg. (2:9)
neocinnabarina Backbg. Bo. elongated-spherical, dark green; Ri. very
L. cariquinensis Card.: Lobivia pentlandii(Flook.) narrow at first, very obliquely notched; Rsp. to 10,
Br. & R.: type or a form only? + subulate, light yellow, reddish below; Csp.
sometimes 1, rather stouter; FI. glossy, scarlet-
L.cardenasiana Rausch 1972 carmine.—Origin unknown, probably Bolivia.
Bo. simple, flattened-spherical, to 8 cm h., 10 cm
0 ; Ri.to 18, vertical, c. 12 mm br., flat; Ar. 16-18 L. chionantha (Speg.) Br. & R.: Acanthocalycium
mm apart, round to oval, 4-6 mm lg., white-felty; chionanthum (Speg.) Backbg.
Rsp. 12, in 5 pairs and one each directed upwards
and downwards, 10-12 mm lg., appressed; Csp. IL.chiquitanahort.:syn. L. rigidispina Backbg. No
1-3 arranged vertically, projecting, 15-30 mm lg.; I description available.
all Sp. subulate, white to yellowish, with brown or
black tips, later greying; FI.lateral, 8-10 cm lg., 6-7 L. chlorogona Wessn.: Lobivia rebutioides v.
cm 0 ; Ov. and Tu. green, with brownish-pink Sc. chlorogona (Wessn.) Backbg. Commercial growers
and black FI.; Sep.lanceolate, pink; Pet.spatulate, also use Wessner’s name for ± long-spined forms
rounded, magenta; throat greenish-white; Fil. of L. famatimensis.
violet-pink, lighter below; stylesomewhat united,
green; Sti.10, green;Fr.ovoid, 20 mm lg., brownish- L.chrysantha(Werd.) Backbg. (2:5)
green; S. spherical, testa black, glossy.—Bolivia Bo. depressed-spherical, 4.5 cm h., to 7 cm 0 ,
(E. of Tarija, 2300-2400 m). Named for Prof. Dr. becoming oblong, dull greyish-green; Ri. 5-13,
M. Cardenas who has made such notable disco­ narrow above; Rsp. 3-7, to 2 cm lg., straight,
veries among the Bolivian cacti. (Fig. 472.) subulate, pungent, blackish above, reddish below,
( = Echinopsis cardenasiana [Rausch] H. Friedr.) sometimes pale; Csp. absent; FI. c. 5 cm lg.,
broadly funnelform, golden to orange-yellow;
L. earminanthaBackbg. (2:3) throat greenish, dark purple below.—Argentina
Probably quite closely related to L. leucorhodon, (Salta).
but differs in having a dull greyish-green epidermis v. hossei(Werd.) Backbg.: Csp. 1-3, to 3 cm lg.;
and a carmine FI.—N. Bolivia (highlands). FI.yellowish-orange, often suffused reddish;
228
 LOBIVIA

janseniana (Backbg.) Backbg.: Rsp. c. 10-14, probable that Salm-Dyck understood some other
concolorous black, thickened below, c. 1 cm lg.; plant under this name, since he mentions “1-3
FI. bellshaped to funnelform, golden-yellow; Csp., sometimes missing”, and refers to a de­
leucacantha (Backbg.) Backbg.: Bo. light scription by C. Morren, but fails to mention the
green; FI. yellowish, almost white. conspicuously large flower of the original de­
I k dear from the records of the late Mr. Schelle, scription, or to give the spine-count for v.
- ..-ding photographs by both Fric and Kreuzin- spinosior. In view of the confusing similarities of
Bcr. for all of which I am indebted to Mr. G. plants in the L. cinnabarina complex of species, or
; idecker of Tübingen, that L. staffenii Fric the variability of its different species (except those
•out description) is a synonym of the above where the flower has a white throat, like L.
pec. Fric’s original photograph shows that the neocinnabarina, and is easily recognisable) it
pec. is variable: the Tu. can be more slender or cannot be excluded that v. spinosior is identical
*inter, FI. yellow or reddish, and Pet. apiculate or with a plant Hoffmann found in E. Bolivia, with the
-vase. Two further photos (Fric and Kreuzinger) following characters: Bo. glossy green, Ri. narrow
~- v.de no further help on identification. Because at first; Sp. few at first, brownish, soon more
the variability of the spec., no further varieties numerous, to c. 20, stiff and pungent, Csp. and
cm be segregated. The varietal names cover only upper Rsp. soon becoming blackish and ±
- e more conspicuous or most widely divergent thickened below, Csp. to 4 or rather more; FI.
taxiants. L. staffenii v. lagunilla Fric (undescribed) medium-sized, scarlet-carmine, with a red throat;
has finer, more numerous Sp. and is a form of L. Tu. with very little hair.
- -skiana, which also belongs to this complex of In the light of the foregoing I have not yet felt able
species. to ascribe specific rank to Hoffmann's plant.
L.cintiensisCard. (2:9)
L chrvsochete Werd. (2:3)
Bo. spherical to cylindric, to 50 cm lg., to 10 cm 0 ,
3-j. simple or offsetting from the base, subspheri- greyish-green; Ri.c. 20, low; Rsp.to 17, 0.5-1.5 cm
Ü-. c. 8 cm 0 , fresh green; Ri. c. 20, obliquely lg., ± pectinate, acicular; Csp. to 3, to 2.5 cm lg.;
ransversely notched; Sp. eventually to 30, long, Sp. white; FI. funnelform, 5 cm lg., crimson; Tu.
eilow to brownish-yellow, + bristly and thin, only 1 cm lg.—Bolivia (S. Cinti, near Impora, 3000
centrals to 8 cm lg.; FI. widely erect-funnelform, c. m).
4 cm 0 , glossy, orange to brick-red; throat
v. elongataRitt.—“Taxon”, XII: 3, 124. 1963
* hite.—Argentina (Prov. Jujuy). Bo. to 60 cm h., to 8 cm 0 ; Ri. 4-7 mm h.,
narrower; Ar. 3-4 m m 0 , 0.5-1 cm apart; FI. 3.5
- dnnabarina (Hook.) Br. & R. (2:9)_ cm lg., golden-yellow or paler.—Bolivia (Prov.
The following is taken from Hooker’s original Mendez, Dept. Tarija, El Puente) (FR 82).
description (Curtis’ Bot. Mag., 73, pi. 4326. 1847):
Be. broadly spherical, to 15 cm 0 ; FI. carmine, c. 8 L. claeysianaBackbg. (2:9)
0 : Rsp. several in a circle, 12, inch lg-. pale Bo. simple, to 12 cm h., greyish-green; Ri. 16,
drown, stoutly acicular; Csp. 1, longer, stouter, compressed at first; Rsp. 7, to 2.2 cm lg., radiating,
rnewhat curving; Pet. obtuse, numerous; Fil. stiff, horn-coloured, ± dark-tipped, red below at
—. An. yellow; Sti. erect.—Bolivia (Fig. 191.) The first; Csp. 1, to 5 cm lg., ± bent, horn-coloured; FI.
: -gnosis of Britton & Rose does not tally with the 4.5 cm lg., 5.5 cm 0 , light yellow, darker outside;
-.ginal description, and perhaps refers to the throatgreenish.—S. Bolivia (near Tupiza).
r vats Cardenas held to be the above spec. The L. corbula (Herrera) Br. & R.: Lobivia pentlandii
inner illustrated this spec, in “Cactus”, 18: 78, 93. (Hook.) Br. & R.
- t 5. and added: "discovered by Bridges in 1846,
ind since then completely lost; 1 rediscovered it L.coriquinensisnom. prov. Wilhelm
,rnn at Colomi (Cochabamba). It is frequent on Bo. oblong-rounded, caespitose, to 8 cm h., 6 cm
be slopes of the Provinces Chapare and Punata, at 0 , green; Ri. c. 13, divided into obliquely
. 1400 m”. This view is erroneous, and the plant he arranged, hatchet-shaped Tub.; Rsp. 6 8(—10),
had in mind is my L. neocinnabarina with smaller unequal, to 3.5 cm lg., + straight, directed towards
FI . which comes from the same locality as the Bo., horn to yellow, brown above and below;
. -rdenas has given. Rausch of Vienna established Csp. 0 at first, later 1, coloured as the Rsp. but
vat L. cinnabarina was a different plant, which he longer, curving slightly to the crown; FI.yellowish-
also re-collected. red, 7 cm lg., to 6 c m 0 ; Pet.yellowish-red above,
spinosior (SD.) Y. Ito: Salm-Dyck’s brief whitish below; Sep. violet-red; styleand Sti.light
Tiscription reads: “Bo. somewhat more robust; green.—Bolivia (Camacho, Dept. La Paz, near
St stiffer, 1.5-2 cm lg.; Csp. always present”. It is Coriquina, at c. 3000 m).

229
LOBIVIA

L. cornutaRausch L.cylindraceaBackbg. (2:6)

Bo. simple, to 5 cm h. and 6 cm 0 , greyish-green, Bo.slender-cylindric, to 7 cm h., 4 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 13,
with a long taproot; Ri.c. 12, broken into flat Tub. low, straight; Rsp. c. 15, short, thin, ± interlacing
12 mm lg., 10 mm br., imbricate; Ar.white-felty, set sideways, whitish; Csp. c. 6, to 1.2 cm lg., thin,
on the uppermost part of the Tub.; Sp.2 longer ones darker; FI. 5.5 cm lg. and 0 , opening widely,
c. 4 cm lg., curving upwards, spreading, and 2 yellow. —N. Argentina. [Haage adds:
smaller thinner ones, also directed upwards, and 1 = Echinopsis c. (Backbg.) H. Friedr.]
small Sp. pointing downwards, all brownish-red at
first, thickened and black below, later greying; FI. I L. divaricata (FR 696): no description available.
lateral, 5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , hairy below, greenish;
Sep.very acute, brown; Pet.,styleand Sti.yellow; L. dobeana Dolz: LobiviaandalgalensisBr. & R.
Fr. spherical, c. 8 mm 0 , blackish-brown with
dense light brown wool; S.oblong-ovoid, 2 mm lg., L.dragai (Fric): see LobiviapolaskianaBackbg.
1.2 mm br.—Bolivia (Tarija, near Yunchara, at
3900 m). Seed-structure closely resembles that of L. L. draxleriana Rausch: named for the collector,
pugionacantha. Discovered by W. Rausch. (Fig. Paul Draxler, of Wiener Neustadt.
473.) Bo. simple, to 6 cm h., 14 cm 0 , bluish to greyish-
Acc. “Stachelpost”, May 1972, this spec, was to be green, mostly with a taproot; Ri.to 25, divided into
found quite a long time ago in collections; however Tub. c. 15 mm lg.; Ar.oval, 5-7 mm lg., white-felty,
Wessner’s description was lost in the confusions of later glabrous; Rsp. 9-12, 8-15 mm lg., spreading
wartime. towards the Bo., whitish, tipped brown; Csp. 2-5,
20-30 mm lg., upper ones overtopping the crown,
L.cruciaureispinaKnize 1968 later projecting, curving, red, black-tipped, later
Bo. dark green, c. 20 cm h., to 8 cm 0 , forming greying; FI.c. 75 mm lg., 65 mm 0 ; Sep.narrowly
groups; R.much branching, thread-like; Ri. 15-20, lanceolate, green, bordered pink; Pet. spatulate.
rounded, 1 cm h., thickened around the Ar.; Ar. red with a bluish sheen, hymen violet-pink, throat
without any wool, 3-4 mm 0 ; Sp. golden-yellow; violet; An. brownish; style green with 6-8 green
Csp. 1-2, bent or hooked, to 10 cm lg.; Rsp. 7-9, Sti.; Fr. spherical; S. brownish-black.—Bolivia
straight, c. 2.5 cm lg.; FI.orange-yellow, 8-9 cm lg., (near Aiquile, 2500 m). Related to L. cinnabarina
c. 6 cm 0 ; Tu. with fine whitish-brown H.; Fr. but distinguished by the more bluish epidermis and
violet-brown, 1.5 cm 0 ; S.black, matt, 0.2-3 mm FL, red Csp. in the new growth, brown An. and
lg.—Peru (Dept. Apurimac near Andahuaylas, larger S. (Fig. 474.)
2500-2800 m).
L. drijverianaBackbg. (2:7)
L. culpinensisRitt. (FR 797) Bo. simple or caespitose, low, small, 3-8 cm 0 ,
Bo. green, 5-15 cm 0 ; Ri. 15-30, narrow, 4-8 mm greyish-green, with a long taproot; Ri. c. 12,
hi ± notched; Ar. 5-8 mm lg., 4-5 mm br., 8-20 spiralled, low, tuberculate; Rsp. to 12, appressed,
mm apart; Sp.straight, black to yellow; Rsp. 8-12, whitish; Csp.eventually to 4, sometimes bent, from
directed sideways, sometimes white, 1-5 cm lg., a few mm to 6 cm lg., light yellow to black if longer,
lower ones thin, upper ones stout; Csp. 1-6, to stoutly subulate; FI. concolorous yellow,
subulate, 2-6 cm lg.; FI.5-6 cm lg., nectary 1-4 mm varying to ± orange tints; Pet. in 3 Ser., ± lax:
lg., Pet. 20-26 mm lg., 7-13 mm br., spatulate, throat green; style and Sti. mostly purple.—
yellow or red; Fil. brownish-red below, or green, Argentina (Cachipampa). (Fig. 192).
red to reddish-lilac above; styleand Sti.green; S. v. astranthemaBackbg.: FI.brilliant yellow, Pet.
dark brown, ± ribbed.—Bolivia (S. Chichas, Mai narrower, laxer;
Paso). v. aurantiacaBackbg.: FI.old-gold;
v. nobilisBackbg.: FI. dark reddish-orange.
L. cumingii (SD. non Fiopff.) Br. & R.: Weingartia L. ducis pauli Fric non Forst.: Pseudolobivia
neocumingiiBackbg. longispina(Br. & R.) Backbg.
L. cylindricaBackbg. (2:5) L. durispina Backbg. is a n.prop. for a new hard-
Bo.simple, to 12 cm lg., 6 cm 0 , dull leaf-green; Ri. spined spec, found by Frau Muhr (Argentina, 20
c. 11, unbroken; Rsp. c. 7, to 8 mm lg., radiating, km W. of La Quiaca); Uhlig No. U 2133; FI.
subulate, pinkish-grey, darker to black below; Csp. unknown.
1, 1-3 cm lg., stiffer; FI. to 5.5 cm lg., broadly
funnelform, golden-yellow.—N. Argentina (Sierra L. duursmaiana Backbg. (2:14)
Chica). Bo. caespitose, single heads to c. 4 cm 0 , grafted
230
 LOBIVIA

'¡ants become elongated; Ri.to 14, divided into ± green; FI. + white; throatgreen; hymen glossy,
mgular Tub.; Rsp. 10-14, to 10 mm lg., radiating, white;
r curving, brownish to pinkish-grey; Csp. 1, v. aurantiaca (Backbg. ex Wessn.) Backbg.: Bo.
nrected upwards; FI. ? (said to be red).—N. dark bronze-green; FI. orange-yellow to deep
Argentina. golden-yellow;
v. densispina (Werd.) Backbg.: Bo. dark green;
L. echinataRausch 1973 Rsp. bristly, soft; Csp. to 7, brown, acicular,
Bo. simple to caespitose, to 15 cm h. and c. 5 cm 0 , stouter; FI.satiny, pale to golden-yellow; throat
.ght green; Ri. 15-18, straight, rounded, + green; hymen white;
i aberculate; Ar.round, 2-4 mm 0 , white-felty, 6-7 v. haematantha (Backbg. ex Wessn.) Backbg.:
mm apart; Rsp. 8-10, radiating, interlacing, 15-20 Bo. light to dark green; FI. ± blood-red; Fil.
mm lg.; Csp. 1-2, to 60 mm lg., projecting; all Sp. very variable, from whitish-yellow to pale pink
acicular, brown, yellow below, later greying; FI.50 to blood-red;
mm lg. and 0 ;Tu. slender, ochreous green with v. leucomalla (Wessn.) Backbg.: “white, close-
'eddish Sc. and white H.; Sep. lanceolate, brow- cropped bristly coating” (Wessner); FI. with
msh; Pet.lanceolate to spatulate, red, throat white a + slender Tu., lemon-yellow; throat white;
a pink; Fil.red, white below; stylewith 5-7 green v. setosa Backbg.: Bo. more elongated; Br. +
:rreddish Sti.;Fr.spherical, c. lOm m 0, reddish- longer, white; Csp.missing; FI.yellow, also red.
brown.- Peru (near Ollantaitambo, 2900 m). The above represent only the principal variants;
Discovered by W. Rausch. Related to L. minuta, within these the FI. can vary in size and colour.
but Sp. larger, acicular. There are a number of further specific and varietal
names which are referable to this very variable
L. elongataBackbg. (2:5) spec., under Hymenorebulobivia Fric & Krzgr. or
Bo. cylindric to cereoid, to 20 cm lg., 6 cm 0 ; Ri.to Buining, as well as Lobivia pectinifera Wessn., and
4. low, narrow; Rsp. c. 8, thin-acicular, to 1.2 cm L. famatimensis Y. Ito.
: . laxly interlacing; Csp. scarcely differentiated, From the plants listed as varieties, mostly from the
several, 1( 2) longer ones to 3.75 cm lg., stouter, above-named authors, the following are considered
nrker below; all Sp. dark brownish at first, + to be subvarieties:
::ned; FI.stout, yellow (also red?).—N. Argentina v. albiflorasv. eburnea(Wessn.): FI.ivory-white,
•Salta, Cachi). [Haage adds: = Echinopsis e. throatgreen;
Backbg.) H. Friedr.] v. albiflora sv. sufflava (Wessn.): FI. pale
yellowish, throatgreen;
I- emmae Backbg. (2:7) v. densispina sv. blossfeldii (Wessn.): FI. large,
Bo. simple, later caespitose, to 10 cm h., 5 cm 0 , deep yellow, throatpurple;
live to brownish-green; Ri. c. 16, narrow, low; v. densispina sv. sanguinea (Wessn.): FI. light
Rsp. 12, c. 1 cm lg., spreading laterally, ± bent, blood-red;
chestnut-brown at first; Csp. 2, to 2.5 cm lg., + v. famatimensis sv. citriflora (Fric): FI. lemon-
. mtorted, almost hooked at the tip; FI. 3 cm lg., 4 yellow;
ti 0 , funnelform, carmine, ± crimson below; v. famatimensis sv. kreuzingeri (Fric ex Buin.):
throat scarlet.—Argentina (Salta), FI. golden-yellow with pink; throatcarmine;
v. brevispinaBackbg.: Bo. light green; Ri.c. 13, v. haematantha sv. cinnabarina (Backbg. ex
broader; Csp.only c. 1cm lg., sometimes absent. Wessn.): FI.carmine, throatgreen;
v. haematantha sv. subcarnea (Wessn ): FI. light
L. famatimensis(Speg.) Br. & R. (2:11) flesh-coloured; throatgreen;
Bo. simple to caespitose, shortly cylindric, to 3.5 cm v. leucomalla sv. rubispina (Wessn.): Br. (cent­
h . to 2.8 cm 0 , greyish to dark green, grafted rals) sometimes reddish-brown;
' ants becoming long-cylindric; Ri. (18— )24, nar- v. setosa sv. longiseta Backbg.: Br. almost pure
row, low, + tuberculate; Ar. crowded; Sp. small, white, to 4 cm lg.
_ppressed, whitish; FI. 3 cm lg. (yellowish, In several of the varieties, the Bo.-colour can vary
recording to the photo) (description taken from Br. from dark to blackish-green, or it varies with the
A R.).—Argentina (La Rioja, Famatina, variety. The FI. are sometimes quite large. Further
2000-3000 m [to Jujuy]). names of Fric & Krzgr., unsupported by de­
v. famatimensisis the plant described by Buining scriptions, cannot be given here as they have not
as Hymenorebutia, with closely spaced Ar. and a been grown from seed to check whether the
yellow FI. only 4 cm 0 ; the Tu. tallies with characters are constant.
Spegazzini’s photo as to length and H. (Fig. 366.) As explained above, v. famatimensis can only be
1also distinguish the following: the plant found by Blossfeld in the Sierra Fam­
v. albiflora(Wessn.) Krainz: Bo. reddish to dark atina, Burning's “Hymenorebutia albolanata”.
231
 LOBIVIA

Blossfeld himself held this view, which was obivia graulichii but never provided a valid
accepted by Krainz in “Sukkde.” Ill: 44. 1949 in description. (Fig. 475.) (= Echinopsis fricii
connection with his new combination “Lob. [Rausch] H. Friedr., acc. Haage.)
albolanata (Buin.) Krainz”. There are thus no
grounds for the continued use of L. pectinifera as a L.glaucaRausch 1971
specific epithet, or ’generic names such as “Hy- Bo. simple, c. 10 mm h. and 40 mm 0 , growing
menorebutia” ; equally, Britton & Rose’s proposed almost entirely below the soil, light greyish-green;
referral of Spegazzini’s plant to Lobivia can be Ri. 10-13, Tub. c. 10 mm lg., acute, obliquely
accepted. In the face of the confusing duplication of arranged; Ar. oval, with white felt; Rsp. 6-7, in 3
names for the representatives of this, in my view, pairs, also 1 directed downwards, curving towards
very polymorphic species, I have listed all the the Bo., 6-8 mm lg., brown to black; Csp. directed
preceding, even those previously accorded specific upwards, to 30 mm lg., black, red below, later grey;
rank. Geographical distance and diverging root- FI., Fr. and S. as in L. jajoiana, FI.orange to red,
forms are here of little consequence; the former with a black throat.—Argentina (Jujuy, W. of
must be seen in the light of the much greater Purmamarca at 3500 m). (Fig. 476.)
distances involved in the range of Weingartia v. paucicostata Rausch: with only 7-9 Ri.; Rsp.
vorwerkii, for instance. This seems to me to be both only 4-5, 6-15 mm lg., 1Csp.to 50 mm lg. Grows
the simplest and the most logical solution in the S. of Purmamarca at 2500 m. Both spec, and
interests of clarifying any general survey, and of variety have a light greyish-green epidermis and
finalising nomenclature. In this instance I consider bluish-black Sp.
the process of “lumping” can advantageously be
applied. L. grandiflora Br. & R.: Helianthocereus grandi-
Ritter’s plant (FR 459), sometimes known as “L. florus(Br. & R.) Backbg.
famatimensis sensu Ritt.”, does not belong here,
but is referable to Reicheocactus (see Rei- L. grandis Br. & R.: Soehrensia grandis(Br. & R.)
cheocactus). In Winter’s list of 1965 it was simply Backbg.
offered as “genus?”, with no name given.
The following names of Y. Ito are clearly referable L. graulichii Fric: see Pseudolobivia ancistrophora
to the above extremely variable spec.: Lobivia (Speg.) Backbg.
albicentra Y. Ito, L. kreuzingeri Y. Ito, L. nigra Y.
Ito, L. pectinifera v. oligacantha Y. Ito, L. L. haageanaBackbg. (2:5)
purpurea Y. Ito and L. ruberrima Y. Ito—all in Bo.simple at first, later also caespitose, to 30 cm h.,
"The Charming of Flowers-Cacti” (1963). 8 cm 0 , bluish to dark green; Ri.c. 22, ± oblique,
obliquely notched; Rsp. c. 10, to 2 cm lg..
L. ferox Br. & R.: Pseudolobivia ferox (Br. & R.) interlacing sideways, straw-coloured; Csp. to 4, to
Backbg. 7 cm lg., blackish-brown at first but variable; FI.to
7 cm lg., bellshaped to funnelform, light yellow;
L. formosa (Pfeiff.) Marsh.: Soehrensia forinosa throatred.— N. Argentina (near Humahuaca).
(Pfeiff.) Backbg. v. albihepaticaBackbg.: FI.whitish-beige to dark
beige;
L. friciiRausch 1973 v. bieolorBackbg.: FI.pink above, yellow to pink
Bo. mostly simple, flattened-spherical, 30 mm h. inside (throatred; also vice-versa);
and to 70 mm 0 , light to greyish-green; R. v. chrysantha Backbg.: FI. deep golden-yellow:
napiform; Ri. to 20, straight, rounded, ± tuber- throatgreen or reddish;
culate; Ar.round to oval, 2 mm 0 , white-felty, c. 7 v. cinnabarinaBackbg.; Sp.lighter to whitish; FI.
mm apart; Rsp. 9-11, to 7 mm lg., curving, crimson or carmine;
appressed, thin, white to yellowish; Csp. 0-1, to 8 v. croceanthaBackbg.: FI. saffron-yellow;
mm lg., rolled in and upwards, brownish, tipped v. durispinaBackbg.: Sp.stouter than in the type
black; FI. 25 mm lg., 35 mm 0 ; Tu. short, green and the varieties, subulate; Csp.long-projecting:
with lighter Sc. and white and brown H.; Sep. v. grandiflora-stellata Backbg.: FI. con­
narrowly lanceolate, recurved, greenish to pinkish- spicuously large, true red; Pet.laxly radiating;
grey; Pet. spatulate, rounded, mucronate, dirty v. leucoerythranthaBackbg.: Sp. often very light
violet, throat violet-pink; Fil.in 2 Ser.; stylegreen to white; FI. light blood-red.
with 6 green Sti.; Fr.spherical, 7 mm 0 , blackish-
brown with brown H.; S. long-spherical, testa L. haematantha(Speg.) Br. & R. (2:7)
black.—Argentina (Salta, near Rhodeo, at 2800 to Bo. ± depressed-spherical, 5 cm h., 6 cm 0 ; Ri. 11.
3300 m). Rediscovered by Rausch. Fric had rounded, broad, ± tuberculate; Rsp. 6-8, to 1 cm
regarded it as a red-flowering form of his Pseudol­ lg., thin, ± appressed; Csp. 3, one to 5 cm lg..
232
 LOBIVIA

- ;ecting, stouter, pale grey, tipped yellowish; FI. the lower one ± projecting, subulate, stout,
cm 0 , purple (throat white?).—Argentina sometimes appearing pruinose; FI. not known.—
(Salta, Amblayo). Bolivia (Oruro).
See also Sulcorebutia hoffmanniana (Backbg.)
L hastifera Werd. (2:3) Backbg.
ic. - spherical, caespitose, dark green; Ri.c. 16 or
n re. narrow, + straight; Rsp. 5-7, c. 1 cm lg.; L.horridaRitt. (2:9)—"Taxon”, XII: 3, 124. 1963.
>p. 4, cruciform, oblique or spreading upwards, to Acc. Ritter, distinguishable from L. kupperiana as
i cm lg., yellowish to horn-coloured; Sp. rigid, follows:
7 —gent; FI. c. 8 cm lg., expanding to funnelform, Bo.2-3 times as lg., 6-9 cm 0; Ri. 16-18, to 1.5cm
xirense pinkish-red.—N. Argentina. h.; Ar. 1.2-2 cm apart, to 12 mm lg.; Sp. dark
brown; Rsp. 12-14, lower ones 1-3 cm lg., upper
bermanniana Backbg. (2:2) ones 2-6 cm lg.; Csp. 4-6, straight, 3-8 cm lg. or
>j. forming large groups, single heads later more; FI. brownish golden-yellow; Fil. similarly
. mdric, to 20 cm lg., 5 cm 0 , fresh green; Ri.c. coloured above, flesh-coloured below.—Bolivia (S.
i straight; Sp. indistinctly differentiated, 3 of El Puente, 3000 m) (FR 974).
»: metimes discernible as Csp., 1.5 cm lg., later to 6
- lg.. eventually densely interlacing, golden- L. hossei (Werd.) Backbg.: Lobivia chrysantha v.
itarown at first; FI. c. 6.5 cm lg., to 6 cm 0 ; Sep. hossei(Werd.) Backbg.
let-pink; Pet. light crimson, all narrow, taper- L. hualfinensisRausch
* ri .ax, revolute.—Bolivia (Yungasrand, Pongo, c. Bo. simple, 6 cm h., 7 cm 0 , greyish-green to
2500 m).
brownish-violet; R. napiform; Ri. 10-13, straight,
breviflorior Backbg. n.v.: Bo. similar to that of tuberculate; Ar. c. 2 cm apart, white-felty, later
v. hermanniana, Sp. also; FI. only 4 cm lg., + glabrous; Rsp. 6-8, to 5cm lg., spreading, curving;
ght salmon to pinkish-red, + whitish towards Csp. 1-3, upper ones curving downwards, often
:he throat; Fil.cream; Sti.greenish-cream; Pet. twisted, to 6 cm lg., brown, black-tipped; FI.
rounded, fairly crowded, inner ones somewhat lateral, c. 55 mm lg. and br.; Tu. brownish-green
horter. Found by W. Rausch. with dark Sc. with a fine reddish tip, with brown
H.; Sep.violet with an olive-brown M.-stripe; Pet.
L rertrichianaBackbg. (2:4) spatulate, orange-red with dark red borders, throat
Sr. simple, soon offsetting freely; single heads to 10 white; Fil.pink, yellowish or greenish; stylegreen;
0 , light green; Ri. 11, acute, with deep Sti.8-10, green; Fr. brown with grey wool; S. 1.5
-¿nsverse furrows; Rsp. c. 7, to 1.5 cm lg., mm lg., testa black, glossy, tuberculate.—
inewhat spreading, brownish-yellow; Csp. 1,to Argentina (Catamarca, on mountain-peaks near
- 5 cm lg., curving upwards, straw-coloured to light Hualfin, at 2600 m). Spec, belongs to the L.
rrw nish; FI. opening fairly widely, to 6 cm 0 , haematantha complex.
time to dark flesh-coloured; throat pale.—SE. v. fechseriRausch: Bo.simple, c. 4 cm h. and 0 ,
-erufatc. 3000 m).
bluish-green; Ri. 10-12, straight, divided by
transverse notches into round Tub. 12 mm lg.
L higginsianaBackbg. (2:3) and 5mm h.; Ar.oval, 5mm lg., white-felty; Rsp.
So. flattened-spherical, caespitose, greyish to olive­ 12-16, to 10 mm lg., spreading, curving to the
t-sen: Ri.c. 17,with hatchet-shaped Tub.; Rsp. c. Bo.; Csp.0-1 to 2cm lg., slightly curving; Sp.all
1 6 mm lg., curving downwards, 2 uppers to 4.5 white, tipped black; FI. c. 5 cm lg. and 0 ; Tu.
—. lg.: Csp. 1, to 7.5 cm lg., curving upwards; Sp. olive to brownish-red, Sc. greenish with white
^nously directed; ± interlacing, pink to reddish- and brownish-red H.; Sep. lanceolate, yellow
rrey at first; FI. c. 6 cm lg., wine-red, yellowish
-side.—Bolivia (near N. frontier). with a brownish-red M.-stripe; Pet. spatulate,
more acute, pale yellow, bordered golden-
L hoffmannianaBackbg. yellow; throat, Fil. and style white; Sti. 6-8,
yellowish-green; Fr. spherical, c. 8 mm 0 ; S. 1
So. simple, 2.5-3 cm h., to 4.5 cm 0 , becoming mm lg., 0.8 mm br.—Argentina (Catamarca,
:_ !indric in cultivation and offsetting freely from near Nacamientos at 2500 m). Named for H.
base; Ri.c. 24, very acute, low, entirely divided Fechser.
nto small, erect, narrow Tub.; Ar.linear; Rsp. 11,
-ter also more, pectinate, lowest ones shorter, the L. huascha (Web.) Marsh.: Helianthocereus huas-
:h rrtest one only 3 mm lg. at first, later somewhat cha(Web.) Backbg.
: nger, very fine, brownish, finally reddish-brown
relow; Csp. later to 2, to 8 mm lg., one of these at L.huilcanotaRauh & Backbg. (2:4)
re upper Ar.-margin and appressed + upwards, Bo. forming cushions, single heads to 15 cm 0 ,

233
LOBIVIA

flattened-spherical, ± bluish-green; Ri. c. 13, L.intermediaRausch 1972

narrow, + straight, little tuberculate, fairly acute, Bo. to 20 cm h., 8 cm 0 , dark greyish-green,
with weak oblique notching; Rsp. to 12, unequal, forming groups; Ri.c. 17, Tub. c. 15 mm lg., acute,
to 2 cm lg., the bottom ones mostly shortest, offset; Ar. round to oval, 3 mm 0 , white-felty;
appressed, brownish-black at first; Csp. to 4, Rsp. 8-10, in 3-4 pairs and 1 each directed up and
sometimes slightly longer than the Rsp., projecting down, interlacing around the Bo., often ± curving;
to porrect, subulate, much thickened below, Csp. 1-3, to 7 cm lg.; all Sp. yellow to brown,
becoming whitish-grey, tipped brown; FI.to 4 cm acicular to flexible; FI.65-75 mm lg., 30^10 mm 0 ;
lg., 3 cm 0 ; Tu. very narrow; Sep. narrow, Tu. narrow, pink to greenish, with fleshy pink Sc.,
lanceolate, pale brownish-red; Pet. red (?); Fil. + channelled; Ov. broadly spherical, with dense
carmine; An. white.—S. Peru (Huilcanota valley, white down and brown H .; Sep. lanceolate,
3200 m). recurved, red with a violet-pink M.-stripe; Pet.
spatulate, c. 20 mm lg., serrate, mucronate,
suberect, red, orange inside, throat c. 45 mm lg..
L. hyalacantha Speg.: Helianthocereus hy- very narrow, little expanded, white; Fil. white,
alacanthus(Speg.) Backbg. outer ones yellow; style 45 mm lg., white, with 8
thin white Sti.; S. spherical to ovoid, 1.3 mm lg..
L. hystrichacanthaY. Ito (2:3)—“The Full Bloom testa black, glossy, hilum small, oblique, pit-like.—
of Cact. Flow.”, 47. 1963: description only in Peru (near Challuanca, at 3000 m). While the spec,
Japanese. recalls L. pentlandii in general appearance, the FI.
Bo.oblong; Ri.to c. 20, not broad, rounded above; are rather smaller but more numerous, acc.
Sp. finely acicular, fairly long and dense, golden- Rausch.
yellow, Csp. scarcely differentiated, or 0; FI.fairly
large funnelform, yellow.—Bolivia (?). Closely L. iridescensBackbg. (2:12)
resembles L. charazanensis Card., but the FI. Bo.forming groups, single heads to 5 cm lg. and 0 ,
appears to be larger or broader. with a large taproot; Ri. very narrow at first,
acutely notched; Rsp. 7-9, to 5 mm lg., appressed,
L.hystrixRitt. (FR 975) radiating regularly; Csp. 1, to c. 7 mm lg., +
Bo.hemispherical, to 18cm0, + bluish-green; Ri. hooked; Sp. whitish, Csp. dark-tipped; FI.c. 4cm
16-24, 8-15 mm h., Tub. hatchet-shaped; Ar.grey, 0 , uniquely coloured, with a whitish shimmer,
8-15 mm lg., 3-5 mm br., 12-20 mm apart; Sp. bluish to brownish-pink.—Bolivian-Argentine
yellowish-brownish, few at first, later more num­ frontier.
erous; Rsp. 15-20, straight, directed obliquely
downwards, 1-3 cm lg.; Csp. 5-12, bent upwards, L. jajoianaBackbg. (2; 13)
1.5-5 cm lg.; FI. c. 45 mm lg., nectary virtually Bo. mostly solitary, later elongated, sap-green; Ri.
absent, Tu. 20 mm lg., funnelform, carmine inside; c. 14, Tub. slightly oblique; Rsp.8-10, to c. 1cm lg..
Pet. 16-20 mm lg., 5-7 mm br., spatulate, reddish- slightly reddish-white; Csp. 1, over 2.5 cm lg..
lilac below, crimson to blood-red above; Fil. directed upwards, to blackish; Sp.sometimes bent:
reddish-lilac below and above, green at midway; FI.expanding to beaker-shaped, wine-red to pink.
style and Sti. green; Fr. subspherical, green with hymen blackish.—N. Argentina.
very small reddish Sc., covered with white or brown v. fleischeriana Backbg. (syn.: v. longispina Y.
wool; S. black, ± umbilicate.—Bolivia (S. of Ito): Sp. longer; Rsp. sometimes stouter, one
Mendez). sometimes hooked; Csp. thin, to 5 cm lg.; FI.
tomato-red;
L. imporana Ritt.: later described by Cardenas as v. nigrostoma (Krzgr. & Buin.) Backbg.: FI.
Lobiviacintiensis. yellow, sometimes bordered violet; hymenviolet-
black, lower Fil. similarly. There are in­
L.incaicaBackbg. (2:4) termediates with + orange Pet.
Bo. eventually freely offsetting, single heads at first
spherical, later + cylindric, to 15 cm h., 7.5 cm 0 , L. johnsonianaBackbg. (2:3)
leaf-green; Ri. c. 15, ± straight, acute, with Bo. caespitose, R. stoutly napiform; single heads 3
conspicuously oblique notches; Sp. scarcely differ­ cm h., c. 6 cm 0 , ± ovoid, light leaf-green; Ri.c.
entiated, c. 14—20 (sometimes to 7 stouter Csp. 16, very narrow at first, with oblique transverse
recognisable), subulate, one upper Sp. very stiff, notches; Rsp. 1 7( 10), 0.8-1 cmlg., one upper Sp
very pungent, light brown, reddish below; FI. to 3 cm lg., curving sideways, light-coloured,
rather short, c. 4 cm 0 , blood-red.—S. Peru (near subulate; Csp. mostly absent; FI. c. 4.5 cm 0 .
Inca solar observatory at Intihuatana). delicate lilac.—Bolivia.
234
 LOBIVIA

L.jujuiensis(FR 54, not yet described): named for L. larae Card. (2:3)-C. & S. J.(US), XXXVI: 1,
is place of origin, Prov. Jujuy in Argentina. 24. 1964.
Bo. c. 7 cm h., 5 cm 0 , grass-green, with Sp. in the Bo. depressed-spherical, to 4 cm h., 12 cm 0 ; Ri.
crown; Ri. 15 or more, Tub. hatchet-shaped, + 11-12, acute; Ar. 1.5 cm apart, creamy-white; Rsp.
: rfset; Ar. surmounted by a deep notch; Rsp. 13, to pectinate, 9-12, + curving, 6-25 mm lg., acicular,
■ mm lg., straight to slightly curving, those on new pale grey to whitish, thickened below; FI.to 6 cm
growth red below and dark-tipped, later greying; lg., funnelform; Tu. pale green; Ov. with pink Sc.;
- sp. 1 with 2 upper Ssp., to 10 mm lg.; FI. yellow Sep. pinkish-lilac; Pet. 3 cm lg., dark violet; Fil.
jffused + orange-yellow, 6 cm lg., 5.5 cm 0 , white; style green below, yellow above; Sti. pale
throat dark wine-red to black; Fil. wine-red; An. yellow, 11, 1 cm lg.—Bolivia (Prov. Tarato, Dept.
ght yellow; style and Sti. light green.—N. Cochabamba, on the road Tarato-Rio Caine,
\rgentina (Prov. Jujuy). 2500 m).

1 -ratagirii Y. Ito and variety: cannot be described L. lateritia(Gurke) Br. & R. (2:6)
•ere as they are probably crosses. Bo. simple, short-cylindric, to c. 7 cm h., 6 cm 0 ,
greyish-green; Ri. 16, weakly notched; Rsp.mostly
- klusacekii Fric, not described: judging by 10, to 1 cm lg., side ones to 2 cm lg.; Csp.to 2, to 2.5
kreuzinger’s original photo, certainly referable to cm lg., curving upwards, stouter; Sp. thickened
L. polaskiana; this spec., like L. chrysantha, varies
below, brilliant brown at first, with dark banding;
: wards orange-red. FI.4.5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , funnelform, dirty crimson,
v. roseiflora Subik: FI. pink. This FI.-colour is tips tinged bluish.—Bolivia.
unusual, so perhaps this is a hybrid? In the
records left by Fric and Schelle there was no L. lauiDonald 1974
written or photographic note of a variant of this Bo. short, cylindric, offsetting freely from the base
kind. to form many-headed groups, single heads c. 10 cm
h., 5 cm br., bluish-green, varying also from
yellowish-green to dark green; Ri. 10-11 or even
L korethroides Werd.: Soehrensia korethroides more, straight, little tuberculate, 10 mm h., 10 mm
Werd.) Backbg. br. below; Ar. offset in oblique notches, 3^1 mm 0 ,
with dense light wool, 10 mm apart; Sp. straight,
L. kuehnrichiiFric (2:7) acicular, thickened below, mostly reddish-brown
Bo. simple, spherical to shortly cylindric, greyish- but also varying from light yellow through brown
green, taprooted; Ri. to 11(-14), broad with flat to black; Rsp. 8, 10-20 mm lg.; Csp.mostly only 1,
Tub.: Rsp. 9-11, brown; Csp. 1, to 1.5 cm lg., to 30 mm lg.; FI. variable in form and colour, 40-50
st: iter, curving downwards or S-shaped, black; FI. mm lg., 40-65 mm br., scarlet to crimson or
range to light ochre, Tu. fairly short and broad, magenta to pinkish-red; Tu. deep olive-green, 6
:aroat white.—N. Argentina (Salta). mm 0 , with hairy Sc., throat green, Sep. light
green; style30 mm lg., with 5-6 Sti.; Fr. to 10 mm
L. kupperianaBackbg. (2:9) 0 , spherical; S. black.—Peru (Cuzco, near the
Bo. simple, to 10 cm h., 8 cm 0 , greyish-green, village Urubamba, at 3000 m). Named for Alfred
wown bluish-green; Ri. c. 20, acute, eventually Lau who first discovered this plant in 1969.
fatter, very oblique, obliquely notched; Rsp. 10 or
more, c. 2.5 cm lg., light, darker-tipped; Csp. 1-2, L. lauramarca Rauh & Backbg. (2:2)
: 4 cm lg., stiff, subulate, pungent, + curving, Bo. caespitose; single heads 5.5 cm 0 , low-
:u:k: FI. c. 4.5 cm lg.; Sep. dirty reddish-green; spherical, pale green; Ri. 12-15, tuberculate; Rsp.
Pet. faded yellow, also ± whitish (Wilke).— 6, to 1.5 cm lg., very thin to flexible or stiff, upper
Bolivia (Tupiza). one bent + upwards, pale brown; Csp.missing; FI.
rubriflora Backbg.: Sp. light to whitish; Sep. 6 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 , ± erectly funnelform; Sep.pale
projecting, lanceolate; Pet. slightly wavy, true wine-red; Pet. brick-red above, white towards the
red: throatdeeper red. throat.—S. Peru (Hacienda Lauramarca).
L. leptacanthaRausch
L. larabeiJohns.: a newer spec., found by Johnson, Bo. simple to offsetting, to 15 cm h. and 7 cm 0 ,
• inch is quite frequently seen in European fresh green; Ri. c. 15, Tub. long, angular, little
: z-llections; FI. red; Bo. light green, with fine Sp., offset; Ar. oval, 3 mm lg., white-felty; Rsp. 10-12,
taespitose; probably referable to the “Hertrich- 2-3 cm lg.; Csp. 1-2, to 7 cm lg., thin, flexible,
nae". Colour-photo: “Die Cact.” Vol. VI, Fig. yellowish to brownish; FI. 65 mm lg., 55 mm br.;
53S8. See also L. minuta. Not yet described. Ov. spherical, green with small Sc., white felt and
235
LOBIVIA

brown H. to 7 mm lg.; Tu. green, with pink fleshy 11-16; Rsp. 10-15, to 1 cm lg.; Csp. (0—)1, to 1 cm
Sc. and brown H .; Sep. red to yellowish; Pet. red, lg., brown; FI. 6-7 cm lg., 5.5-7 cm 0 , red to
also orange-yellow to violet-red, orange to yellow carmine.—Origin ?
inside, hymen and throat white; Fil.yellow, white
below; stylegreen, reddish above, with 6-9 green or L. miniatiflora Ritt. (2:2)—“Taxon”, XII: 3, 124.
yellow Sti.; Fr.spherical, reddish-brown with small 1963
Sc. and white wool; S. 1.2 mm lg., testa black, Acc. Ritter, distinguished from L. caespitosa as
glossy, finely tuberculate.—Peru (near Paucar- follows:
tambo, at 3000-3100 m). Spec, readily distinguish­ Bo. 2—4 cm 0 , 3-6 cm lg.; Ri. 10-13, obtuse; Sp.
able by the thin, flexible Sp. and magnificent FI. of much thinner; Rsp. 3-10 mm lg.; Csp. 4-8, 1-5 cm
yellow, orange, red, to red with a bluish sheen. lg.; FI. 5-6 cm lg.; Pet. to 2.5 cm lg., 4—6 mm br.,
Related to L. quiabayensis Rausch. (Fig. 477.) tapering, crimson, outer (?) lower Pet. carmine.—
Bolivia (above Inquisivi, Dept. La Paz, 3300 m)
L. leucomalla Wessn.: Lobivia famatimensis v. (FR 330).
leucomalla (Wessn.) Backbg. [Haage adds:
= Echinopsis 1. (Wessn.) FI. Friedr.] L.minuta Ritt. (2:4)—“Taxon”, XII: 3, 124. 1963.
Acc. Ritter, distinguished from L. hertrichiana as
L.leucorhodonBackbg. (2:3) follows:
Bo. to 10 cm h., 7 cm 0 , leaf-green; Ri.c. 18-21, Bo. to 4 cm 0 , pale green; Ri. 9-15, not notched:
fairly straight, narrow, obliquely tuberculate; Rsp. Sp.light brown, soon grey, dark-tipped, straight or
c. 7, + irregularly bent; Csp.sometimes l(-2), bent slightly curving; Rsp. 8-11, 4-8 mm lg.; Csp. 1-2
towards the crown, 2-A cm lg.; Sp.yellowish; FI.c. cm lg., darker and somewhat stouter, mostly only
4 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 , light lilac-pink, Tu. stout.— 1, porrect; FI.to 4.5 cm lg., to 4 cm 0 ; Pet.scarlet,
Bolivia (near La Paz). outer lower ones paler; Fil.pale red above, greenish
below.—Peru (Ollantaitambo, Prov. Urubamba,
L.leucoviolaceaBackbg. (2:3) Dept. Cuzco) (FR 695). Acc. Ritter, “probably
Bo. somewhat elongated, light greyish-green; Ri. identical” with L. larabei Johns, (not described).
acute; Sp.scarcely differentiated, to 14, to 9 cm lg., My colour-photos in “Die Cact.” Vol. VI, p. 3736,
very thin, flexible, interlacing over the entire Bo., 1962, Fig. 3388-3389, show however that these
whitish to pinkish-white; FI. c. 5 cm lg., light are two different spec.
pinkish-lilac.—Bolivia (E. of Oruro).
L.mirabundaBackbg. (2:7)
L. longispina Br. & R.: Pseudolobivia longispina Bo. 2.5 cm h., 4 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 16; Rsp. 6-9, to 6 mm
(Br. & R.) Backbg. lg-, ± brownish at first; Csp. mostly absent,
occasionally 1, c. 5 mm lg., curving slightly
L. marsoneri(Werd.) Backbg. (2:3) upwards; Sp. interlacing laterally; FI. 5 cm lg., 4.5
Bo. c. 8 cm h. and 0 , light greyish-green; Ri.c. 20, cm 0 ; Sep. pale yellow, M.-line green; Pet.
strongly compressed; Rsp. 8-12, to 3 cm lg.; Csp. concolorous yellow, broad, truncate, apiculate:
2-5, projecting obliquely, ± hooked, thickened Fil.yellowish above in the upper Ser. and wine-red
below; Sp. whitish-grey to yellowish, brownish below, lower Ser. wine-red. FI. disproportionately
below; FI. c. 5.5 cm lg., c. 6 cm 0 , yellow, throat large for the small Bo.—N. Argentina (Salta?).
purplish-red.—N. Argentina (Los Andes).
L.mistiensis(Werd. & Backbg.) Backbg. (2:2)
L.matuzawaeY. Ito (Flybrid?) Bo. + flattened-spherical, dark bluish-green, R.
Bo. spherical to cylindric, 5-8 cm lg., 5-6 cm 0 ; large-napiform; Ri. c. 25-30, obliquely notched:
Rsp.c. 10,to 3.5 mm lg.; Csp. 1,to 1cm lg., stouter, Sp. scarcely differentiated, 9 or more, to 5 cm lg..
white at first, brown-tipped, later reddish-brown; brown to ruby-red or blackish at first, later whitish-
FI. mid-red or crimson, light red outside.—Origin? grey; FI. to 8 cm lg., slightly reddish-brown,
yellowish to red inside; Pet.narrow, apiculate.—S
L. maximiliana (Heyd.) Backbg.: Lobivia pentlan- Peru (Misti volcano).
dii(Hook.) Br. & R. Some plants have a paler FI.-colour (v. leucantha n.
nud.), others have noticeably short Sp. (v. brevis-
L. megacarpa Ritt.: not described; presumably not pina n. nud.).
referable to Lobivia. See remarks at the end of
Lobivia. L.mizquensisRausch
Bo. simple, flattened-spherical, to 10 cm h., 14 cm
L. megataeY. Ito (Hybrid?) 0 ; Ri.to 24, Tub. c. 20 mm lg., acute, offset; Ar. c
Bo. 3-5 cm 0 , later to 10 cm h., rich green; Ri. 7 mm lg., oval, white-felty; Rsp. mostly 10, in 4
236
 LOBIVIA

1- spreading and + curving, 20 mm lg., also 1 establish their locality; probably collected by
“ directed downwards and upwards, the latter Ritter.
I .ongest, to 50 mm lg., curving, often hooked;
Csp. 1, rather shorter than the upper Rsp.; all Sp. L.napinaPazout (2:11)
thickened and + yellowish-green below, Bo. spherical, to 5 cm 0 , greyish-green with a
i -•*£greying; FI.appearing on quite young plants, brownish to violet or black shimmer, soft, R.
:- 5 mm lg., 60 mm 0 ;Tu.and Ov.greenish with napiform; Ri. 14—17;Rsp. 12, 6 on either side; Csp.
;'ren or pink Sc. and long H.; Sep.long-lanceolate, 3, c. 3 mm lg., thickened below, brown to black; FI.
F *n, bordered pink; Pet. rather shorter, spatu- 3 cm 0 , flesh-coloured, throatgreen.—Origin?
***• mucronate, red, throat pink or whitish, Transferred by Pazout (Kakt. u.a. Sukkk., 15: 7,
- ‘snish inside; Fil.violet-pink, green inside; style 125, 1964) to the genus Hymenorebutia Fric ex
-~ short, green; Sti. 7-11, green; Fr. brown; S. Buin., as H. napina (Paz.) Paz.; this generic name is

E ■ ;r. a black glossy testa.—Bolivia (between Vila-

a and Rio Caine at 3200 m). In habit resembles
“ hinopsis obrepanda but, surprisingly, plants
3 cm 0 produce red FI. c. 7 cm lg. (Fig. 478.)
L muhriae Backbg. (2:3)—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill:
misleading, and the genus cannot be segregated.
These plants are said to have been raised from seed
collected in 1935 by Blossfeld in N. Argentina
(Sierra de Famatina).
L. nealeanaBackbg. (2:7)
7 1963. Bo. rarely offsetting, to 7 cm h., 3 cm 0 , pale leaf-
tk'. spherical but the part visible above ground is + green; Ri. 14; Rsp.c. 8, 4 mm lg., very fine; Csp.0;
iaitened-spherical, to c. 7 cm 0 , 3 cm h., greyish- FI.to 5 cm lg., 6 cm 0 , rotate, brilliant red with a
freen. darker towards the crown; Ri.c. 18, acute; satiny sheen.—N. Argentina (Salta). [Haage adds:
*r- slightly offset, c. 1.5 cm apart, brownish-white = Echinopsis n. (Backbg.) H. Friedr.]
-- first, dirty white later; Rsp. c. 8, thin, flexible, v. grandifloraY. Ito: said to have FI.8-10 cm 0 ;
-er ones weaker than the uppers, to 1.2-2 cm lg., v. purpureiflora Y. Ito: FI. with a deep purple
--e horn-coloured at first; Csp. (1— )2(—3), to 3.5 stripe inside.
. “ lg., curving towards the crown, rather stouter
flexible, blackish first, becoming lighter, L. neo-haageana Backbg. and v. flavovirens
Aened below and red there at first; FI.reddish- Backbg.: Mediolobivia pygmaea (R. E. Fries)
-inge, c. 6 cm lg., 5 cm 0 , throatreddish-brown; Backbg. and v. flavovirens(Backbg.) Backbg.
''-D-ulac to light red; Tu. orange-red; Ov. reddish
cgrk green, it and the Tu. strongly dark grey- L. nigricans Wessn.: Mediolobivia nigricans
'-•red; style and Sti. greenish.—N. Argentina (Wessn.) Krainz.
. near El Aguilar). (Fig. 193.)
flavifloraBackbg.—l.c.:FI.yellow, c. 5 cm lg. L. neocinnabarina Backbg. (2:9)—Descr. Cact.
—d 0 , throat reddish-brown; Sep. light pink; Nov. Ill: 7. 1963.
Tu. yellow, with some whitish H.; Ov. light Bo. simple, spherical, later elongated, to c. 12 cm
green; styleand Sti.greenish.—(El Aguilar). lg., 6-7 cm 0 , vivid green; crown with white felt;
Ri. c. 18, divided into acute, obliquely arranged
multicostata Backbg. (2:3)—Descr. Cact. Nov Tub. c. 1.6 cm lg.; Ar.c. 1.5-1.7 cm apart; Rsp. c.
III 7. 1963. 10-14, + dark at first, to brownish or lighter, to 1
B.:>. simple, broadly spherical, bluish-green; Ri. 18, cm lg.; Csp.similarly coloured, to 3-5, stouter, to c.
• ' :• acute; Ar.brownish-white, not large; Rsp.to 1.7 cm lg., thickened below; FI. carmine, c. 2.5-3
extending sideways in pairs, the smallest Sp. cm lg., to 3.5 cm 0 , throatwhite; Tu. short, green,
- —cted + downwards, the upper 2 appearing to with red Sc.-tips; Fil. carmine, the upper Ser.
— Csp., longest, directed laterally, unequal, united below with the white hymen, lower ones
-igularly curving or recurved, later somewhat greenish below; buds very numerous, similarly
isrker than the lower ones; Csp. 1-2, more central, red.—Bolivia (Prov. Chapare and Punata or near
:me of these longest and stoutest, porrect, to c. 4 cm Colomi, at c. 3400 m). (Fig. 195.)
5 :ne 2 upper Rsp. sometimes similar and almost This is the spec, collected by Cardenas which he
-i mg; all Sp.blackish at first, reddish below, then believed was a re-collection of Lobivia cin-
3 ecked greyish-white, finally paler; FI.c. 4-4.5 cm nabarina; but latter had a much larger FI., 8 cm
i Sep. light brownish-yellow; Pet. yellow; Tu. 0 .
rsen. moderately long, with dark H.—Origin?
Fig. 194.) L.nigrispinaBackbg. (2:14)
>sen in the collection of van Urk, Holland. Like L. Bo.caespitose, with a stout taproot, single heads to
inurkiana and L. rigidispina, this is a true spec. 4 cm h., c. 3 cm 0 , glossy, dark green, becoming
- — not a hybrid, but it is no longer possible to pale green; Ri.c. 15, obliquely notched; Rsp.c. 10,

237
LOBIVIA

to 1 cm lg., thin, radiating, white; Csp. mostly 4, wavy; Sp- 5-20, to 5 cm lg., pubescent, acicular, ±
stouter, only 1 clearly recognisable, mostly black­ curving, brownish; FI.to 6 cm lg., red, sometimes
ish, projecting, hooked, c. 1 cm lg.; FI. yellow, with a yellowish tinge; Pet. apiculate.—S. Peru
with a short Tu. and opening widely, throat light (Pampa de Arrieros, c. 4000 m).
green.—N. Argentina (Salta).
v. rubriflora Backbg.: differentiated by the red, L.peclardianaKrainz (2:15)
mostly larger FI. Bo. broadly spherical, to 5 cm h. and 6 cm 0 , dark
green; Ri. 16; Rsp. 14-16, to 12 mm lg., acicular,
L. nigrostoma Krzgr. & Buin.: Lobiviajajoianav. white to honey-coloured at first, becoming reddish-
nigrostoma(Krzgr. & Buin.) Backbg. brown; Csp. 3—5, to 15 mm lg., hooked; FI. 6.5 cm
lg., 6 cm 0 , violet-pink.—Origin ? Without doubt a
L. oculata (Werd.) Wessn.: Mediolobivia euan- hybrid between L. tiegeliana and a Pseudolobivia.
thema v. oculata(Werd.) Krainz. There is thus a white-flowering v. albifloraKrainz,
and a lilac-flowering v. winteriaeKrainz.
L. oligotricha Card. (2:9)—“Cactus”, 18: 91-92.
1963. L. pectinata Backbg. non Fric: Mediolobivia
Bo. simple, to 8 cm h. and 0 , light green; Ri.c. 18, pectinata(Backbg. non Fric) Backbg.
spiralled, with hatchet-like Tub. to 4 mm h., 7 mm
br.; Ar.c. 8 mm apart; Sp.not differentiated, c. 15, L. pectinifera Wessn. and var.: Lobivia famatim­
acicular, sometimes very thin, whitish, thickened ensis(Speg.) Br. & R. and var.
below, to 1.5 cm lg., interlacing over the crown; FI.
numerous, borne around the crown, 3 cm lg., 2.5 L.pentlandii(Hook.) Br. & R. (1:1) (T.)
cm 0 , light red; Tu. only 4 mm lg., with a few white Bo. caespitose; Ri. c. 15, obliquely notched; Rsp.
H. and reddish Sc.; Pet. spatulate; Fil.in 2 Ser., 7-12, unequal, to 3 cm lg., yellowish to brownish:
purplish-red, lower ones green below; Sti. 5, Csp. (0-)l (to several), to c. 3 cm lg.; FI. c. 5 cm lg..
green.—Bolivia (Cochabamba, Cuchu Punata, orange-reddish above, lighter inside. Colour and
2568 m). length of both Bo. and Sp. are variable.—S. Peru,
N.
L.omasuyanaCard. (2:3)—Kakt. u.a. Sukk., 16:2, 3 varieties Bolivia. (Fig. 196.)
can be distinguished:
22. 1965 v. albiflora (Weidl.) H. Neum.: FI. white,
Bo. spherical, 3-5 cm h., to 6 cm 0 , greyish-green, suffused pink;
caespitose, forming cushions to 30 cm br.; Ri. v. forbesii(A. Dietr.) Y. Ito: FI. ± dark pinkish-
14-17, Tub. acute, hatchet-shaped; Ar. white-felty;
Sp. 7-8, 1-7 cm lg., directed upwards, or horizon­ red;
v. ochroleuca(R. Mey.) Borg: FI.pale yellow.
tally, then interlacing, reddish-brown above, thick­
ened below; FI. c. 6 cm lg., 3-5 cm 0 ; Tu. 3 cm lg.;
Sep. spatulate; Pet. broadly spatulate, salmon to L. peterseimii (Fric) hort.: Mediolobivia nigricans
purplish, yellowish below.—Bolivia (Prov. Oma- (Wessn.) Krainz.
suyo, Dept. La Paz, near Lake Titicaca, 3800 m).
L. pilifera (Fric) hort.: Mediolobivia ritteri v.
L. orurensis Backbg.: Mediolobivia pectinata pilifera(Fric) Backbg.
v. orurensis (Backbg.) Backbg.
L. pictiflora Ritt. (FR 1137) (Pseudolobivia
L. otukae and var. Y. Ito: appear to belong to the Backbg.)
swarm of forms around Lobiviafamatimensis. (Figures in brackets are those of L. ferox, for
comparison.)
L. pachyacantha Y. Ito (2:3)—The Full Bloom of Bo.spherical, to 16cmh. and 0;Ri. 1-2 cm h. (2-3
Cact. Flow., 50. 1963. cm), Tub. hatchet-shaped, 15-25 mm h. (25-35
Bo. mostly simple, depressed-spherical, dark mm), 6-10 mm lg., 5-7 mm br. (10-15, and 5-10
green; Ri.c. 15, notched into hatchet-shaped Tub.; mm); Ar. less oblique, 1-2 cm apart (2-3 cm); Sp.
Rsp. to 7, 2-3 cm lg.; Csp. 1, to c. 5 cm lg., curving not banded, less curving; Rsp. 8-14 (7-12), 1-5 cm
and interlacing over the crown, brownish in the lg. (3-8 cm), less projecting; Csp.4-10 cm lg. (6-19
upper half, light below that, some of the longer cm); FI. 6-8 cm lg. (10-13 cm), agreeable scented
upper Rsp. similarly coloured; FI.5.5-6 cm lg. and (unperfumed), nectary 3-6 mm lg. (8-15 mm), Tu.
0 , dark red to dark pink.—Bolivia. funnelform (tubular below), 22-36 mm lg. (40-50
mm); Pet.20-35 mm lg. (30-50 mm), mostly white,
L.pampana Br. & R. (2:2) (Lob. scheeri S.D.?) rarely pink, reddish-lilac, yellow or of 2-3 colours
Bo. spherical, 5-7 cm 0 , caespitose; Ri. 17-21, + (always white, pink outside); Fil. 5-15 mm lg.
238
 LOBIVIA

-'-20 mm); Sti. 7-12 mm lg. (10-20 mm); S. grey; FI. c. 3 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , brilliant crimson-
t' ■ n (black).—Bolivia. carmine, glossy.—Argentina (Salta).
alaniceps Backbg. (2:4) L.prestoanaCard. 1969
B.c. “at above, to 8 cm 0 , + leaf-green; Ri. c. 15, Bo. broadly spherical, 3 cm h., 6-7 cm 0 , greyish-
o- -:e. made wavy by the oblique notches; Sp. c. 10, green; Ri. c. 12, acute, Tub. 5 mm h.; Ar. 12 mm
_xely differentiated (Csp. thickened below), to apart, elliptic, 8 mm lg., grey-felty; those in the
2 : cm lg., horn-coloured at first; FI. 4 cm 0 , crown spineless, round, white-felty; Rsp. 9-10,
--:adly funnelform, dark flame-colour.—Se ’ appressed, 7-15 mm lg., horn-grey to brownish,
thickened below; Csp. mostly absent, sometimes
1-2; FI. lateral, funnelform, 5.5 cm lg., 4.5 cm br.;
p-ojoensisRausch Ov. 7 mm lg., with green, white-haired Sc.; Tu.2 cm
3-: simple, 15 cm h., to 10 cm 0 , grass-green; Ri. lg., with green Sc. 5 mm lg., these with Br. and white
5-16, straight, tuberculate; Ar. 2 cm apart, white- H .; Sep. lanceolate, 30 x 9 mm, crimson to
: ry, becoming glabrous ;Rsp.6-10, 10-15 mm lg., purplish-red; Pet. spatulate, 30 x 10 mm, red to
auter Sp. directed upwards and 1 smaller one crimson; style15 mm lg., dark green, with 7 lighter
r-r.ing down to the Bo.; Csp. 1(—3), to 2 cm lg., Sti.—Bolivia (Zudanez, Chuquisaca, near Presto,

i ; - ~ mg at the tip, yellow or brown; FI.lateral, 6 cm 2400 m). Noticeably divergent from other Lobivias
: 5 cm 0 ; Sep. acute, pink with a green M.- of the region because of the Br. on the Tu.
-pe: Pet. rounded-spatulate, orange-red, bor-
:~red red, hymen and throat pink; inner Fil.
- - mine, outer ones orange-red; styleshort, green; L.pseudocachensisBackbg. (2:7)
>ti 5-6, green; Fr. brownish-green; S. black, Bo. flattened-spherical, 3 cm h., c. 4 cm 0 , leaf-
■ -gh.—Bolivia (Cochabamba, E. of Pojo, 3000 green, passing over into a long taproot below,
forming groups; Ri.c. 14; Rsp.c. 10, thin, laterally
grandiflora: FI. 10 cm lg., 8 cm 0 , dark red appressed, yellowish-brown; Csp. (scarcely re­
:th a bluish gloss; style purple or green; Sti. cognisable) 1, longer, curving upwards, blackish-
. -. green.—Near Mizque, 2600 m. brown; FI. c. 6 cm lg. and 0 , funnelform, brilliant
dark red.—N. Argentina. [Haage adds:
polaskianaBackbg. (2:5) = Echinopsis p. (Backbg.) H. Friedr.]
&o. cylindric, simple at first, later offsetting, to 20 v. cinnabarina Backbg.: FI. glossy, crimson-
-- h., 5 cm 0 , matt greyish-green; Ri. 15; Rsp. carmine with a bluish sheen;
'-.A to 1 cm lg., appressed, whitish; Csp. 3, 1 v. sanguineaBackbg.: FI. light blood-red.
- : meet, to 1.2 cm lg., darker; FI. 5.5 cm lg., 5 cm
: Pet. in 3 Ser., buttercup-yellow, mottled red L. pseudocariquinensis Card. (2:3)—C. & S J
■t ow. wavy, lax.—N. Argentina. (US.), XXXIII: 4, 111-112. 1961.
Lobivia dragai Fric (with still finer and more Bo.caespitose, St. spherical to conical, 6-7 cm h., 7
• o:::sh Sp.) and Lobivia klusacekii Fric (with Pet. cm 0 , light green; Ri. c. 20; Ar. cream-coloured;
: either in 3 Ser. nor mottled red) belong, at most Sp. scarcely differentiated, c. 8, 5-20 mm lg.,
- h \ arietal status, to the above variable spec., and spreading, subulate, yellowish; FI. 3-3.5 cmlg., to 3
m turn is part of the complex of spec, around cm 0 , not opening widely; Sep.magenta; Pet.light
1: bivia chrysantha. Some plants have whitish- red above, yellowish-orange below.—Bolivia (La
5 den Pet., in others they are reddish. Paz, Charazani).

— polyanthaY. Ito (Flybrid?) L. pseudocinnabarina Backbg. (2:9)—Descr. Cact

Bo- simple, cylindric, to 20 cm lg., to 5 cm 0 , light Nov. Ill: 7. 1963.
green: Ri.12-15; Rsp. 16-20, 5 mm lg., bristle-like; Bo. + broadly spherical, simple, c. 6.5 cm 0 , 5 cm
Csp. 1-3, stouter, longer; Sp. white at first, later h., green; crown with light brownish felt; Ri.c. 21,
g-ey. brown-tipped; FI. 5-6 cm lg., to 7 cm 0 , slightly spiralled and divided into + obliquely
md.—Origin? arranged Tub.; Ar.c. 1cm apart; Rsp.c. 14, rather
thin, 7-8 mm lg., horn-coloured to brownish at
1. polycephalaBackbg. (2:14) first, darker above and below; Csp.to c. 7, similarly
Bo. offsetting freely to form cushions, single heads coloured, rather stouter, to 1.3 cm lg., thickened
-'r.tened-spherical, c. 4 cm 0 and more; R. thick- below; FI. c. 3 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 , carmine, throat
npiform; Ri. c. 16; Rsp. c. 10, c. 1 cm lg., the carmine; buds green; Tu. slender, 1.5 cm lg.,
-rpermost one sometimes longer; Csp.3-4, longer, carmine, only slightly felty; Sti.green.—E. Bolivia
oickened below, sometimes + strongly bent (found by Cardenas). (Fig. 197.) Rather variable in
1bove; Sp.dark brown at first, reddish below, later length and density of the Sp.
239
LOBIVIA

L. pugionacantha(Rose & Bod.) Backbg. (2:8) L. rebutioidesBackbg. (2:11)

Bo.simple orcaespitose, R.a long, conical taproot, Bo. forming cushions, with small heads (to 2 cm
upper part of the Bo. only c, 4.5 cm 0 (more 0 ), + bluish-green (but never reddish or blackish),
elongated if grafted), matt greyish-green; Ri.c. 17; R. napiform; Ri. (10—)12(—14), very low and
Sp. 4-5-7, the stoutest ones dagger-like, directed narrow, weakly tuberculate; Rsp. 8-9 (and more),
sideways, to over 2.5 cm lg., light yellow, 1 smaller very fine, very short, whitish; Csp. mostly 1-2,
lower Sp., often missing; FI.c. 4.5 cm lg. and br., often rather longer, stouter and darker, slightly
reddish-yellow.—Bolivia (near Villazon, 3400 m). thickened below; FI. c. 4 cm lg. and 0 , flame-
v. flaviflora Backbg.: Sp. brownish; FI. light coloured, hymen ± red to whitish, throatgreen.—
yellow. N. Argentina. [Haage adds: = Echinopsis r.
(Backbg.) H. Friedr.]
L. purpureominitata Ritt. (FR 997): no description v. chlorogona(Wessn.) Backbg.: FI.deep golden-
available. yellow, limb coppery, throat green;
v. citriniflora Backbg.: FI. lemon to buttercup-
L. pusillaRitt. yellow, throat green;
(Data in brackets show differences from L. v. kraussiana Backbg.: FI.opening to quite flat,
tiegeliana, which it resembles.) to 10 cm 0 , Pet. in several Ser., brilliant
Bo. simple or more usually caespitose (simple, yellowish;
rarely offsetting); crown spiny (± spineless), 15-40 v. sublimiflora(Backbg. ex Wessn.) Backbg.: FI.
mm 0 (25-70 mm); Ri. 11-17 (15-30), not or rotate, c. 6 cm lg. and 0 , salmon-pink with a
scarcely notched (deeply notched), with or without carmine shimmer, throat brilliant pink-madder.
scarcely developed Tub. (Tub. well developed); Ar. The FI. of v. kraussiana and v. sublimiflora are
1.5-3 x 1-1.5 mm (3-6 x 1.5-2 mm), 1-4 mm apart among the most lovely within Lobivia. There are
(8-10 mm), straight, rarely ± oblique (more also variants in which the colour and shape of the
obliquely set); Rsp. 11-21 (8-13), directed + Pet. and throat are different (sv. cupreoviridis,
laterally, 1-5 mm lg. (5-10 mm), rarely with 1 purpureostoma, rubroviridis, versicolor).
projecting Csp. 5 mm lg. (sometimes 1); FI.smaller,
36-40 mm lg., Pet. 15-16 x 6-8 mm (18-28 x 4-7 L. rigidispina Backbg. (2:3)—Descr. Cact. Nov.,
mm), intense reddish-lilac to violet-red, as in L. 111:7. 1963.
tiegeliana; Ov. 8x5 mm, narrower below ( + Bo. broadly spherical, bluish-green, can flower at
spherical); Fr. ± spindle-shaped (spherical or 5-6 cm 0 ; Ri. 13, acute; Ar. oblong, dirty white:
slightly longer than broad), obtuse below, nar­ Rsp. 7-9, directed sideways, thin-subulate to
rower near apex; S. as in L. tiegeliana.—Bolivia stouter, the laterals mostly longest, to over 2 cm lg.:
(Dept. Tarija, in the N. of Prov. Arce). (Fig. 479.) Csp. 1-3, very stoutly subulate, ± irregularly
From the same locality there is also a form—f. curving, much more thickened at the dark base; Sp.
flaviflora—with yellow Pet. (Fig. 480.) dark at first, the upper Rsp. and the Csp. mostly
dark in bands, or above or below, all later pale
L. quiabayensisRausch horn-coloured, sometimes still dark-tipped, to c. 5
Bo. simple to grouping, 3 cm h., 7 cm 0 , grass- cm lg., rigid; FI.funnelform, c. 5cm 0 , dark flesh-
green; Ri. 15-20, Tub. long; Ar. white-felty, oval, coloured, lighter outside; Tu. dark, with greyish-
to 5 mm lg., 2 mm br.; Rsp. 10-14; Csp. 0(-3); all white H.; Fil.pink.—Origin? (Fig. 198.)
30-50 mm lg., yellowish-brown, tipped dark (Collection of van Urk, Holland.)
brown, tangled around the Bo.; FI.lateral, 4.5 cm
lg., 3.5 cm 0 ; Tu. olive-green with brown or black L. ritteri Wessn.: Mediolobivia ritteri (Wessn.i
H.; Sep.lanceolate, orange or violet; Pet.carmine, Krainz.
orange inside, throat white; Fil. carmine-pink,
white below; stylegreen or pink; Sti.4-6, yellow; L. rossiiBod. (2:3)
S. black, glossy, pitted.—Bolivia (La Paz, near Bo. spherical or elongated, to over 7 cm 0 , later
Quiabaya—hence the specific name; at 3500 m). offsetting; Ri. 18, Tub. oblique, hatchet-shaped:
Rsp. 4-6,to 6cm lg., lower ones to only 1.2 cm lg..
L. raphidacanthaBackbg. (2:3) subulate, stiff, pungent, reddish horn-coloured to
Bo. caespitose, flat, becoming oblong, glossy, dark grey, dark-tipped; Csp.absent; FI.c. 4cm lg., mid­
green; Ri. c. 16, slightly spiralled; Sp. not orange, throatgreen.—Bolivia.
distinguishable as centrals’and radials, one some­ A very variable spec. The following varieties can be
times recognisable as a Csp. and to 7 cm lg., all Sp. distinguished:
acicular, pungent, ± bent, chocolate-brown, Sp. + stiff, pungent, reddish horn-coloured to
reddish below, + tangled, interlacing; FI. light grey, dark-tipped:
red.—Bolivia (between Oruro and Tolapampa). v. boedekeriana (Hard.) Backbg.: FI.flame to
240
 LOBIVIA

orange, centre light yellow; no hooked Sp.

v. hardeniana (Bod.) Backbg.: FI. orange-
yellow, throatgreen; L. scheeri S.D. is probably the first name for L.
v. stollenwerkiana(Bod.) Backbg.: FI. golden- pampana Br. & R.
yellow, bordered orange;
Sp. stiff, pungent, yellowish or light grey to L. schielianaBackbg. (2:15)
brown: Bo. + elongated-spherical, slender, offsetting from
v. walterspielii (Bod.) Backbg.: FI. carmine, below, c. 4.5 cm lg., c. 3.5 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 14; Rsp. c.
Pet.broader, + truncate; 14, pectinate to radiating, interlacing; Csp. often
Sp.more flexible: absent at first, later 1 longer Sp. c. 5-6 mm lg., bent
v. carminata Backbg.: FI. carmine, Sp. ± towards the crown; Sp. light brown; FI. with a
interlacing; slender Tu., brilliant light red.—S. Bolivia (?).
v. salmonea Backbg.: FI. salmon-coloured to v. albescens Backbg.: differentiated by the
delicate wine-pink; mostly less interlacing, whitish Sp.;FI.3 cm lg., 3
v. sanguinea Backbg.: FI. blood-red. cm 0 , light carmine; throat and Fil. carmine;
style pink; Sti. white. (Fig. 199.)—There is
I rowleyi and its varieties v. longispina and another form or variety with hooked Sp. Grafted
rubroaurantiaca, described by Y. Ito, are known plants become cylindric.
: nly in Japan and may be hybrids.
L. schmiedcheniana Kohl.: Mediolobivia schmied-
L. rubescensBackbg. (2:14) cheniana(Kohl.) Krainz.
Bo. simple, sometimes forming groups, R. stoutly
napiform, single heads to 10 cm 0 , greyish-green, L.schneiderianaBackbg. (2:3)
suffused ± reddish below; Ri. c. 12; Rsp. c. 7, Bo. simple or caespitose, shortly cylindric, +
upper ones 2-3 cm lg., lower ones sometimes 5-7 bluish-green; Ri. c. 14-18; Sp. scarcely differen­
mm lg., horn-coloured on new growth; Csp. 1-2 to tiated, c. 4-12 mm lg., radiating and projecting, 1
5 cm lg., sometimes hooked, + black on new longer Sp. to 4 cm lg., + bent towards the crown;
growth, reddish below; FI. to 6 cm 0 ; Pet.in 2 Ser., Sp. horn-coloured; FI. broadly funnelform; Pet.
golden-yellow, bordered reddish; hymen bluish- revolute, beige-coloured.—Bolivia (La Paz).
red.—N. Argentina. This spec, is variable as to FI.-colour; the following
v. tenuispina Backbg.: distinguished from the varieties have been described:
type by thinner Csp. and smaller, almost orange- v. carnea Backbg.: FI. old-rose (Csp. mostly
yellow FI. missing);
v. cupreaBackbg.: FI. copper-coloured.
L.saltensis(Speg.) Br. & R. (2:6?) L.schreiteriCast. (2:14)
Bo. simple, later densely caespitose; Ri. 17-18; Bo.forming mats to 30 cm broad, single heads only
Rsp. 12-14, 4-6 mm lg.; Csp. 1-4, longer and 1.5-3 cm 0 ; Ri. 9-14; Rsp, 6-8, + whitish, very
stouter; FI. red, glabrous (!—acc. Speg.); Pet. fine, curving, one upper Sp. longer, darker; Csp.
short.—Argentina. mostly missing, or 1 to 2 cm lg.; FI.c. 3 cm lg. and
Perhaps this is not a Lobivia after all, or it is weakly 0 , purplish-red, throat blackish.—N. Argentina
hairy; a little known spec. (Tucuman).
L. sanguinifloraBackbg. (2:14) L.scopariaWerd, (2:11)
Bo. mostly simple, with a thick taproot and Bo. simple or caespitose, + spherical; Ri. c. 13;
variable Bo.-colour, to 10 cm h. and 0 ; R. 18, Rsp. c. 20-30, unequal, bristly, + bent, whitish;
obliquely notched; Rsp. c. 10, 8-15 mm lg., Csp. 3-6, to 1.5 cm lg., acicular, pungent, straight,
radiating, sometimes appressed; Csp.several, often ± brownish to brown; FI. c. 6 cm lg., orange-
cruciform, one Sp. eventually to 8 cm lg., very yellow, bordered copper, throat white, greenish
hooked; all Sp.dark at first, red below, sometimes below. —Argentina.
lighter, upper ones becoming grey less quickly than
the rest; FI. c. 5 cm lg., + blood-red.—N. L.scopulinaBackbg. (a separate Ser.?)
Argentina. Bo. simple, cylindric, to over 20 cm h., 8.5 cm 0 ,
v. pseudolateritia Backbg. (perhaps a valid dull pale greyish-green ; Ri. c. 18, divided at first
spec.?): Rsp. mostly more numerous; FI. + into almost cylindric Tub., these later separated by
carmine, Per. closed-funnelform, Pet. then only a transverse depression; Ar. fairly broad,
recurving.—N. Argentina? Often known, white; Rsp. c. 9-10, c. 1-2.5 cm lg., + spreading
incorrectly, as L. lateritia, but latter has sideways; Csp. mostly 2, to 2.5 cm lg., thickened
241
LOBIVIA

below; Sp.later all curving upwards, golden-brown chrysantha(Werd.) Backbg.

at first, becoming grey; FI.yellow, no further data
available.—Bolivia (Fig. 200). Diverges by the L. staffenii v. lagunilla Fric, not described: belongs
unusual habit from all other known Lobivias from to LobiviapolaskianaBackbg.
Bolivia.
L. steinmannii sensu Backbg. 1934: Mediolobivia
L.shaferiBr. & R. (2:6) pectinatav. neosteinmanniiBackbg.
Bo. laxly branching, slender-cylindric, 7-15 cm h.,
2.5-4 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 10; spination dense; Rsp. 10-15, L. stilowianaBackbg. (2:14)
to 1cm lg., acicular, white or brown; Csp. several, Bo. mostly simple, c. 6 cm h., 5 cm 0 , dark green;
to 3 cm lg., stout, 1often much stouter; FI.4-6 cm Ri. c. 23, Tub. sharply offset; Rsp. 5-7, 5-14 mm
lg., 3-A cm 0 , yellow.—Argentina (Catamarca: lg.; Csp. l,to 1.7 cm lg., irregularly projecting; Sp.
Andalgala). at first deep red below, blackish above, soon
whitish-grey; FI.c. 4 cm lg., 3.8 cm 0 , crimson to
carmine, throatwhitish-red.—N. Argentina.
L. sicuaniensisRausch
Bo. simple, c. 10cm h. and 0 , dark greyish-green, L.taratensisCard. 1966
with a taproot; Ri.to 19, spiralled, with acute Tub. Bo. simple or caespitose, flattened-spherical, very
2 cm lg. and 5-7 mm br.; Ar. round to oval, c. 5-7 variable in shape and size, 1-7 cm h., 7-12 cm 0 ,
mm lg., with white felt; Rsp. mostly 6,4-6 cm lg., fresh to greyish-green; Ri. 15-30, divided into
one smaller one directed downwards, brown, hatchet-shaped Tub. 5-10 mm h. and 7-15 mm br.:
lighter and thickened below, + curving; Csp.0; FI. Ar. 10-15 mm apart, narrowly elliptic, 6-8 mm lg..
c. 4 cm lg. and br.; Ov. and Rec. greenish, also grey-felty; Sp. 10-14, appressed at first, later
yellowish or pink, with dark green or wine-red Sc. radiating and projecting, acicular, sometimes
and white H.; Sep.orange, pink, red to violet, with interlacing, 4-30 mm lg., light yellow or grey,
a brownish-green M.-stripe; Pet. ± connivent, thickened below; FI. lateral, encircling the Bo.,
orange-red or yellow to red, orange inside, throat funnelform, 3-3.5 cm lg., 2.5-3 cm 0 ; Ov.
white; Fil.yellow or orange to red, white towards spherical, 5 mm 0 , scaly and hairy; Tu. 6 mm lg..
the centre; styleand 5-7Sti.green; Fr.spherical, c. with pink Sc. 3 mm lg. and dense white and dark
8 mm 0 , dark brownish-red, with pink to brown brown FI.; Sep. lanceolate, 1 cm lg., light red.
Sc. and white woolly H.; S.oblong-ovoid, laterally greenish outside; Pet. spatulate, 1.5 cm lg..
compressed, 1.5 mm lg. and 1 mm br., finely crimson, magenta or orange-red, whitish below:
tuberculate, residual membranes cover testa.— lower An. 5-7 mm lg., with golden-yellow Fil..
Peru (near Sicuani—thus specific name; 3500-3600 upper An. 7 mm lg., Fil. golden-yellow, red above:
m). Differentiated from L. maximiliana (otherwise style1cm lg., greenish, with c. 6 greenish Sti. 5 mm
similar) by more bluish-green Bo. and lighter Fl.- lg.—Bolivia (Tarata [hence the specific name],
colours as well as the S.-shape. (Fig. 481.) Cochabamba, on the road from Tarata to Isata,
among rocks or in grass, at 3000 m).
L.simplex Rausch This spec., one of the short-flowered Lobivias, is
Bo.simple, to 20 cm h. and 10 cm 0 , dark green to extremely variable in habit and flower-colour. It is
brownish-red; Ri.18-20, divided into acute Tub. to possibly a form of this spec, which Bridges
22 mm lg.; Ar. oval, to 6 mm lg. and 3 mm br., collected in 1865 at Tarata, and which was the old
white-felty; Rsp. 10, 2-3.5 cm lg., one smaller Sp. L. cinnabarina (Flook.) Br. & R.
directed downwards; Csp. 1-2, to 8 cm lg.; all Sp. v. leucosiphus Card. 1966: clearly differentiated
stout, sharp, thickened below, reddish-brown, from the type by its shorter, fewer Sp., and the
tipped darker; FI.lateral, c. 5 cm lg. and 4.5 cm br.; floral tube which is white inside. Occurs near
Tu. orange to brownish-red, with brownish-red, Tarata at 3000 m.
thick, woolly-hairy Sc.; Pet. spatulate, red, white
inside; throat,styleand 7Sti.white; Fr.spherical, 8 L. tegeleriana Backbg. and var.: Acantholobivia
mm 0 , rust-coloured, covered with brown H.; S. tegeleriana(Backbg.) Backbg. and var.
1.5 mm lg., 1 mm br., testa tuberculate.—Peru
(near Fluambutio, 3200 m). L. tenuispinaRitt.
Resembles L. pictiflora, but distinguished as
L. spinosissima Backbg. (name-proposal): spec, follows: Bo. flatter; Ar. more oblique, narrower:
with long, erect, flexible Sp., found by Frau Muhr Sp.thinner; FI.with nectary 1.5-4 mm lg., Tu. light
(Argentina, W. of La Quiaca); Uhlig No. U 2143. yellow inside, Pet. always brightly coloured,
golden-yellow or orange; Sti. shorter, 6 mm; S.
L. staffenii Fric, not described; see Lobivia black.—Bolivia (Prov. Mendez, San Antonio).
242
 LOBIVIA

thionantha (Speg.) Br. & R .: Acanthocalycium Bo.caespitose, single heads to 8 cm h. and 11 cm 0 ,

thionanthum(Speg.) Backbg. light greyish-green; R. rather long; Ri. 21; Sp. to
10, scarcely differentiated, to 10 cm lg., + confused
L. tiegelianaWessn. (2:15) and interlacing, brown at first, later pinkish-grey;
Bo. depressed-spherical, to 6 cm 0 , glossy green; FI.c. 5-6 cm lg., to 4 cm 0 , light orange-red, throat
Ri. 18; Rsp. in 4-6 pairs to 1 cm lg., + pectinate, lighter.—Bolivia (E. of Oruro).
later interlacing, acicular, pale honey-coloured at v. croceantha Backbg.: distinguished by the
first, with a reddish-brown tip; Csp. 1-3, one above, saffron to light orange-yellow FI.;
slightly curving, acicular, brown, lighter v. rubroalba Backbg.: FI.light blood-red, throat
below; FI.2.5 cm lg., c. 4.2 cm 0 , brilliant violet- white.
pmk, hymen paler.—S. Bolivia (Tarija). (Fig. 482.)
v. distefanoiana Cullm. & R itt.— L. vatteriKrainz (2:13)
Kakt.u.a.Sukk., 1: 7-8.1961. (FR 620): Bo.dark Bo. spherical, later elongated, c. 6 cm h. and 5 cm
green, weakly glossy; Ar. more elongated; Rsp. 0 , dark green; R. napiform; Ri. 14-16; Rsp.
12—14, clearly pectinate, 3-4 mm lg., white, 10(—12), ± curving, light brown, darker-tipped;
tipped red or brown; Csp.0-1, if present curving Csp.2,4-8 cm lg., mostly erect and slightly curving,
upwards, black, mostly thinner and shorter than black at first, later brown, tipped brownish-red, Sp.
the stoutest Rsp.—Bolivia (E. of Tarija). on new growth ruby-red below; FI.c. 6 cm lg., to 7
For hybrids—mostly known as “forms”—see L. cm 0 , white, throat or hymen black.—Argentina
peclardiana. (Jujuy, c. 3000 m).
v. robustaBackbg.: to c. 10 cm h., broader than
L. titicacensisCard. (2:3) the type, with over 20 Ri.;Fi. only c. 4.8 cm lg.
Bo.caespitose, single heads 5-8 cm lg., 4-8 cm 0 , and 0 , throatand hymen burgundy-red.
glossy, dark green; Ri. 14-18; Sp. radials only’ One of the spec, in the complex around L. jajoiana,
^-15, 0.5-8 cm lg., recurved, + straw-coloured; FI. and clearly rather variable in Fl.-colour; Rausch,
3 cm lg-, 3.5 cm 0 ; outer Pet. light purplish- for example, found specimens with the FI. orange
reddish, whitish below, inner ones orange, pale and the throat black.
yellow below.—Bolivia (Lake Titicaca, “Island of
the Sun’ ). Probably only a form of L. higginsiana. L. vilcabambae Ritt. (2:4)—“Taxon”, XII: 3, 124
1963.
L. torrecillasensis hort. europ.: Lobivia arachnac- Acc. Ritter, distinguished from L. hertrichiana as
anthav. torrecillasensishort. europ. (Card. ?) follows:
Bo. mostly simple, hemispherical, to 7 cm 0 ; Ri.
L. uitewaaleanaBuin. (2:13) 12- 18, divided into hatchet-shaped Tub.; Ar. to 5
Bo.to 7 cm h., 6 cm 0 , greyish-green; Ri. 13, with mm lg.; Sp. pale brown, bent, interlacing, mostly
.hatchet-shaped Tub.; Rsp.6-8, the upper pair to 12 dark above; Rsp. 6-11, 1-3 cm lg.; Csp. mostly 0,
mm lg., slightly curving; Csp. 3-4, to 15 mm lg., sometimes 1, 3-4 cm lg.; FI. 5 cm lg., 4-5 cm 0 ,
cruciform, sometimes + hooked; Sp. brown, closing at night; Pet. red, orange below, tipped
radials tipped black; FI. yellow-ochre, hymen crimson; Fil. orange, white below.—Peru (Vilca-
violet, throat brownish-violet.—N. Argentina. bamba mountains, Prov. Urubamba, Dept. Cuzco,
Closely related to Lob. jajoiana. 3500 m and higher). (FR 697.)
l . urubambae (FR 698): no description available. L.watadaeY. Ito (?Hybrid)
Bo. mostly simple, to 8 cm 0 , light green; Ri.
L. vanurkianaBackbg. (2:3) 13- 15; Rsp. 8-10, 5-7 mmlg.; Csp. 1, 1-1.2 cm lg.,
Bo.offsetting, dull bluish-green; St.4-5 cm 0 ; Ri. salmon-coloured at first, then whitish-brown to
c. 10, acute; Ar. white; Rsp. 5-7, + recurved, the grey; Sp. acicular, pungent, centrals stouter; FI.to
bottom one longest, c. 2-3 cm lg.; Csp. 0-1, bent 8 cm lg., 8.5-10 cm 0 , yellow; Pet. darker-
irregularly upwards; all Sp.grey, ± thickened and striped.—Origin ?
dark below; FI.8 cm lg., c. 7 cm 0 ; Sep.brownish v. salmonea Y. Ito: FI. somewhat smaller; Pet.
in the centre; Pet. concolorous yellow; Tu. with salmon-coloured, with a darker stripe; Sep.light
rather dense dark H.; Fil.in 2 Ser.; throatgreenish; to dark pink.
Sti. greenish.—Origin? (Fig. 201.)
Remarkable for the relatively large FI. on the L. wegheianaBackbg. (2:3)
groups of quite small Bo. Named for the Dutch Bo. eventually forming cushions, with a very long
collector, van Urk. R.: Ri.to 20; Rsp.7-8, radiating to both sides, dark
at first, rather stiff; Csp. 1, c. 4 cm lg., directed
L. variansBackbg. (2:3) upwards; Sp. later light-coloured, Rsp. sometimes
243
LOBIVIA

longer; FI. c. 6 cm lg., light lilac-colour, agreeably L. wrightianaBackbg. (2:12)

scented.—Bolivia (Oruro area), Bo. later sometimes offsetting, single heads spheri­
v. leucantha Backbg. n.nud.: Sp. whitish to cal at first, becoming + cylindric, dark greyish-
amber-coloured, mostly longer and + strongly green; with a longer taproot;Ri.c. 17; Rsp.c. 10, c.
interlacing laterally; Csp.darker, to 6 cm lg.; FI. 5-7 mm lg., weak, spreading, appressed; Csp. 1,
differentiated by the narrower, longer, more contorted to curving, pointing like a feeler,
recurved Sep. variously directed, to 7 cm lg.; FI. c. 6 cm lg.,
slender-funnelform, delicate lilac-pink.—Central
L.wegnerianaGrun. & Kluegl. Peru (Mantaro valley). Pet.-shape somewhat
Bo. spherical, caespitose, 8-10 cm h., 6-7 cm 0 , variable.
dark green; Ri. 18-20, obtuse, tuberculate; Ar. v. brevispina Backbg.: differentiated by shorter
matt yellowish, later white-felty, 20 mm apart; Rsp. Sp. and paler FI.
10-12, spreading, straight, 8-10 mm lg.; Csp. 3-5, The following of Ritter’s undescribed plants also
straight, directed obliquely upwards, 12 mm lg., belong here:
slightly twisted, also 1 upper Sp.to 20 mm lg., dark Lobivia imporana Ritt.: “related to L. lateritia” :
brown, later greying, acicular, thickened below; FI. light Sp., FI. large, colourful.—Bolivia (Chu-
lateral and low on the Bo., to 3.5 cm lg., 7 cm 0 , quisaca). (FR 82B.)
rotate, carmine, silky and glossy, throat whitish; v. elongata Ritt. (FR 82) and v. brevispina Ritt.
Pet. entire; buds with greyish-brown H.; Ov. (FR 82C).
pinkish-lilac with acute Sc.; Tu. with brown and Lobivia megacarpa Ritt. (FR 809): “related to L.
white H.; Sep. pink with brownish-olive M.- caespitosa", apparently with especially large Fr.
stripes; lower Fil. whitish below, yellow above, (see also in the preceding).
upper ones whitish below, light carmine above; An.
light yellow; styleyellowish-olive with 6 similarly L. zecheriRausch
coloured Sti.— Bolivia (exact locality not known). Bo. simple, rarely offsetting, to 7 cm h. and br.,
frosted light bluish-grey; Ri. 12-18, spiralled,
L. wessneriana Fritz.: Lobivia rebutioides v. sub- tuberculate; Ar.oval, to 6 mm lg., with white wool;
limiflora(Backbg. ex Wessn.) Backbg. Rsp. 7-11, spreading, 3-5 cm lg., mostly 6-8 and 1
smaller Sp. pointing downwards; Csp. 0-1, 6 cm
L.westiiP. C. Hutch. (1:1) lg.; all Sp. stiff, brown, thickened and light yellow
Bo. caespitose, single heads to 20 cm lg., 6 cm 0 , below, there with a black spot, otherwise white; FI.
dark green; Ri. 16-18,narrow, acute; Rsp.c. 8, to 9 c. 3 cm lg. and br., yellowish-brown with orange-
mm lg.; Csp. 1, to 2.5 cm lg., later to 4 cm lg. and yellow Sc., with white to brown wool; Pet.dark red
curving; Sp. straw-coloured, tipped brown, or to violet-red; Sep. greyish-brown, bordered pink:
brown to grey; FI. to 7 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , slender, stylered with 5 pink Sti.; Fr.spherical, c. 12 mm 0 ,
bellshaped to funnelform; Tu. relatively lg.; Sep. reddish-brown with pink Sc. and white wool; S.2
orange-pink to golden-orange; Pet. light golden- mm lg. and 1.2 mm 0 , bent strongly to one side,
orange.—Peru (Dept. Apurimac). black, finely tuberculate.—Peru (along the road
from Ayacucho to Huanta, at 2400 m). (Fig. 483.)
L.winterianaRitt. (FR 1213) Named for the collector, Ernst Zecher, who
Bo. spherical, later elongated, 4-7 cm 0 , greyish- accompanied W. Rausch on some of his expe­
green, soft-fleshed, R. ± napiform; Ri. 13-19, 4-7 ditions.
mm h.; Ar. white-felty, oval, 2-3 mm lg., 2-5 mm
apart; Sp. light brown, greying; Rsp. 6-14, bent
towards the Bo., acicular, + subulate, c. 4-7 mm L. zudanensisCard.
lg.; Csp. 1(— 3), often absent, bent inwards, 1-3 cm Bo. spherical, flattened, 4-5 cm h., 10-15 cm 0 ,
lg., rarely to 6 cm, tipped black; FI. diurnal, closed greyish-green, crown depressed; Ri. c. 22, acute.
at night, lateral, 6-9 cm lg., 7-9 cm 0 ; Ov. Tub. hatchet-shaped; Ar. 1.5 cm apart, elliptic,
brownish, with reddish-brown, whitish-tipped Sc.; grey-felty; Rsp. 6-7, spreading, 1.3 cm lg.; Csp.
Tu. funnelform, white inside; Pet.ruby-red, linear, directed upwards, 3, 5-8 cm lg.; all Sp. grey,
acutely tapering; Sep. rather narrow, with a green thickened below; FI.lateral, funnelform, 5 cmlg., 4
M. -stripe; Fr. 12-18 mm lg., 8-15 mm br., dark cm 0 ; Ov.spherical, 6mm lg., brown, with Sc. and
green to reddish-brown, soft-fleshed, juicy; S. long black H.; Sep. broadly lanceolate, 2 cm lg..
purse-shaped, acutely keeled, testa matt, black.— red; Pet. spatulate, 2.5x1 cm, rounded above,
Peru (Huancavelica; discovered by Ritter in 1964, light blood-red; Fil. dark magenta; An. light
and named for his sister, Frau Hildegard Winter). yellow; stylelight green with 10 light green Sti.—
Has some resemblance to L. wrightiana but the FI. Bolivia (Prov. Zudanez, Dept. Chuquisaca, on the
are much larger. road Zudanez-Tarabuco, 2400 m).
244
 LOBIVIO PSIS-LO PHO CEREUS

Lobiviopsis Fric: only a name for the genus L. sargentianus(Ore.) Br. & R.
Psendolobivia. Bo.forming groups of 8 or more St.; Ri.5-6; sterile
shoots to 1.5 m h., Sp. 10 or more, to 1.8 cm lg.;
fertile shoots to 4.5 m h., Sp. more strongly
Lophocereus (Berg.) Br. & R. (169) modified, long, flexible, stiffly bristly, to 50 from
one Ar.; FI. 2.5 cm lg., pink.—Mexico (Baja
E'set columnar cacti, branching from below, rarely California). (Fig. 202, left.) The FI. is noticeably
ith a short trunk, with nocturnal flowers. Juvenile smaller than in L. schottii. For a comparison of the
r ants ol one species appear monstrose. Flowering FI., see "Die Cact.” IV: 2282, Fig. 2185-86. 1960.
^reoles are large and felty, sometimes with much
3 rdified spines, so that the shoot-tips, enveloped
n long bristles, have a brush-like appearance. The L.schottii(Eng.) Br. & R. (T.)
~ wers are relatively small and funnelform, several Bo.with no trunk, with numerous St. to 3(—7) m h.,
-_j metimes appearing at once from the same areole. ± yellowish-green, + pruinose; Ri. 5-7(-9); Sp.
, Jbe and ovary are slightly scaly. The fruit is a on sterile shoots c. 5 or more at first, 6-8 mm lg.,
rather small red spherical berry, mostly glabrous subulate, with a strongly bulboiis thickening
but occasionally somewhat prickly; in general the below, dark reddish at first, later with 1 Csp.; Sp.
prides are completely reduced. The seeds are rather on fertile shoots thinner, longer, to c. 25 (or
-mall, glossy black.—Distribution: USA (S. more?); FI. c. 4 cm lg., 3 cm 0 , white to (?)
\rizona) to Mexico (Baja California, Sonora and reddish.—Mexico (Baja California, Sonora, Sin­
Unaloa). [(R).] aloa) to USA (S. Arizona). (Fig. 202, right.)
v. australis (K. Brand.) Borg: Bo. with a short
L australis (K. Brand.) Br. & R. is regarded as a trunkto 50 cm 0 , and the crown to 8 m h. and 5
ariety of L. schottii, with a short trunk and m br.; branchesyellowish-green, to 6 m lg’, to 10
thinner, longer shoots. cm 0 ; Ri. 6-9, but increasing to 9-11 on fertile
shoots, acute, rounded above; Ar. 1-2 cm apart
L. gatesiiM. E. Jon. below, to 1 cm thick above; sterileshootswith 7
Bo. branching freely from the base to form groups Rsp., mostly 1-2 centrals; fertileshootswith up
:o 3 m across; branches to 3 m h., c. 9 cm 0 , pale to 40 grey Br.-Sp., to 7 cm lg.; FI. as in the type.
alive-green; Ri. 10-15; Rsp. 8-10, stoutly acicular, Distinguished by its greater height and the
ery light grey; Csp. 2, later to 5, 1.5 cm lg. and presence of a trunk;
more, subulate; Sp. with a bulbous thickening v. tenuisLinds.—C. & S. J. (US), XXXV: 6, 187.
oelow; floweringshootshave woollier Ar. and to 20 1963.
>p., to 6 cm lg., light grey; FI.3 cm lg. and 0 , dark Bo. with the St. more spreading and little
-oral-red; Fr. ?—Mexico (Baja California). branching, greyish-green to yellowish-green,
mostly under 2 m lg., sometimes to 5 m h., the
L.mieckleyanus(Wgt.) Backbg. stoutest 7 cm 0 below, 3 cm 0 above; Ar.
Bo. with the pseudo-monstrose juvenile stage + densely tomentose when capable of flowering;
ong-persistent or even permanent; branches sap- Sp. on sterile sections 6-8, short, grey, thickened
green to light green, matt, sometimes weakly below, 1 Csp. to 1 cm lg.; fertile sections have
rruinose; Ri.few, variable in shape, interrupted or 15-25 contorted bristly Sp. 2-5 cm lg.; FI. to 3
rset. but narrow and prominent on normal cm lg. and 0 , pale pink. —Mexico (Sonora, 44
growth; Ar. irregularly distributed, shortly felty, miles SE. of Guaymas).
iter glabrous; Sp.mostly absent, sometimes a few The inclusion of other species as varieties, together
_s in L. schottii, these bristly above, c. 1-3 cm lg., with the recombination and segregation of the
5ametimes only a few small Br. are present, without monstrous spec, in L. schotti f. mieckleyanus
:ie conspicuous modification seen in L. schottii; Linds, and f. monstrosus Linds, (l.c.), cannot be
FI, pink, scattered or more numerous.—Mexico followed here, for the reasons set out in my
Baja California). (Fig. 203.) Handbook, and also because of the great vari­
. he anomalous rib-form is very variable. Lindsay ability in the development of such abnormal
-coed 2 forms to the type-species (see below). juvenile rib-development, as observed in the
Gates regarded it not as a single species, but a Marnier collection; this applies particularly to the
'hole genus, under the name Weinbergia cere- referral of L. sargentianus to the type-species. L.
Cormis hort. (C. & S. J. [US], III: 137. 1932). The gatesii, which has been left as a valid species, could
remarkable thing about Lindsay’s two "forms” is equally well have been given varietal status under
that both can be seen NE. of El Arco, in a relatively that species. Any kind of grouping tends to reflect
-mall area, sometimes forming a single large individual opinions rather than natural pheno­
population! mena.
245
LOPH OPH ORA -LOXANTHOCEREUS

Lophophora Coult. (211) v. pentagona Croiz.: distinguished by having

only 5 broader and indistinctly tuberculate Ri.;
Simple or sometimes + freely offsetting soft- FI.also larger;
fleshed plants with a stout taproot; bodies bluish to v. pluricostata Croiz.: more commonly off­
yellowish-green, and spineless; minute spines are setting; Ri. 10-13; Tub. indistinctly merging; FI.
present only in the early seedling stage. The ribs are small, pink; Tu.short;
broad and rounded, with ± distinct tubercles. The v. texana(Fric ex Krzgr.) Backbg.: distinguished
tufts of felt which develop in the areoles are denser from the type by having up to 14 + straight,
in the crown, and the small white, pink or yellow scarcely tuberculate Ri.
flowers emerge through this. The elongated, berry­
like fruits mostly ripen in the same year and then L. ziegleri (or ziegleriana) Schmoll: Lophophora
protrude through the wool; they are naked, red to lutea(Rouh.) Backbg.
pink. The seeds are black, minutely tuberculate and
rough. Acc. L. Croizat, who has made the closest
study of the genus, 3 species and the following Loxanthocereus Backbg. (68)
varieties can be distinguished.—Distribution:
Central Mexico to USA (S. Texas). [(R).] Erect to decumbent and mostly relatively slender
To the Mexican Indians the plants were the god, columnar cacti. In some species there is weak hair-
Peyotl, who was deemed to have magic powers— development at the apex. The ribs are slender to
which is hardly surprising since they contain 9 tuberculate. The flowers are of slightly varying
different alkaloids, one of which (mescalin) pro­ shades of red, predominantly + oblique-limbed,
duces an extraordinary state of intoxication. A rarely ± radial, the opening is funnelform, not
great deal has been written on this subject. The constricted, the tube + bent; although there is
genus was known for a time as Anhalonium. some slight hair-development in the tube in some
members of the genus, this is not a diagnostic
L.echinataCroiz. character as it is absent in other species.
Bo. simple, to 13 cm 0 , bluish-green (mid-green The fruits are relatively small and the seeds
has also been observed); Ri.c. 10 or more, divided probably always + black.—Distribution: only in
into 5-6-sided Tub.; Ar. with thick tufts of H.; FI. Peru (from close to the coast, up to 3300 m). [(R).]
to 2.5 cm Ig. and 0 , white ;Fr. ± pale pink.—USA In cultivated plants the spination is quite often
(Texas). (Fig. 204.) finer, while the central spines are also shorter; in
v. diffusa Croiz.: distinguished by broadly some cases the difference is conspicuous, and as
rounded Tub.which seldom merge. with Haageocereus could give rise to a misleading
duplication of descriptions unless there is an
L. jourdaniana (Reb.) Krzgr.: only a name for a awareness of the likely differences of habit. In the
violet-pink flowered form of L. williamsii (Lem. ex following, the descriptions refer to wild pop­
SD.) Coult. ulations.

L. lewinii (Henn.) Rusby, acc. Croizat, is Epi- L. acanthurus(Vpl.) Backbg. (T.)

thelanthamicromerisv. greggii(Eng.) Borg. Bo.prostrate, sometimes ascending, often hanging
down over cliffs; St.to 50 cm lg., to 5 cm 0 ; apical
L. lutea(Rouh.) Backbg. H. grey, felty; Ri. to 18, with acute transverse
Bo. simple, faded green; Ri.with sinuous longitu­ furrows; Ar. small, crowded; Rsp. c. 20; Csp. to 5,
dinal furrows, only weakly tuberculate; FI.larger, scarcely differentiated; Sp. c. 1 cm lg. (1 Csp.
yellowish-white.—Type-locality not stated. sometimes longer, to 1.5 cm), ochre-coloured on
new growth; FI. to 5 cm lg., scarlet to carmine
L.williamsii(Lem. ex SD.) Coult. (T.) (Rauh); Tu. little bent; Fr. to 2.5 cm 0 . —Peru
Bo. bluish to greyish-green; Ri. 8(—10), Tub. only (near Matucana). In very hot weather the Pet. are
indistinctly merging, with tufts of stiff H.; FI.small strongly recurved.
short, c. 1.25 cm 0 , pink; Pet.few; Fr.reddish.— v. ferox(Backbg.) Backbg.: Rsp. 25-28; Csp. 1,
USA (SE. States) to Mexico (N. States, to to 2 cm lg., stouter, brownish to horn-coloured.
Queretaro). (Fig. 205.)
v. caespitosa hort. appears to be no more than a
local form; it offsets freely, eventually forming L. aticensisRauh & Backbg.
large cushions; individual heads smaller; Bo. in part prostrate, to 50 cm lg.; St.to 5 cm 0 :
v. decipiensCroiz.: smaller than the type, to c. 6 Ri. c. 12; Ar. small, round, set on a tuberculate
cm 0 ; Ri.c. 11 at first, then divided into conical prominence; Rsp. c. 15, 1-1.5 cm lg., greyish-
Tub.; FI.pink, with a longer Tu.; brown at first; Csp.(1-)2(A), to 2.5 cm lg., greyish-

246
 LOXANTHOCEREUS

-rown, pruinose, tipped dark violet; FI. red (only L. cullmannianusBackbg.

^een in the bud-stage); Fr. not known.—S. Peru Bo. erect, later probably branching from the base;
!near Atico). St.to c. 60 cm lg., c. 6.5 cm 0 , matt green; Ar. c. 5
mm lg., 4 mm 0 ; Rsp.c. 32, to 9 mm lg., radiating
L-<?) brevispinusRauh & Backbg. in all directions, fine, yellowish ; Csp.2, to 2 cm lg.,
Bo.erect, to 30 cm h.; St. to 6 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 14, withone directed upwards, the other downwards, stout,
_ ¿hallow V-notch; Ar. elongated; Rsp. to 25, only acicular, brownish, soon becoming paler; FI.
t mm lg., those on the new growth yellowish, zygomorphic, even in the bud-stage, 9 cm lg., 4.5
oped + black; Csp. 1-3, 1.5-2 cm lg., very stout, cm 0 , salmon-red; Sep.light salmon-orange; Fr.c.
mostly directed obliquely upwards, greyish-brown 4 cm lg., slightly yellowish-greenish.—Peru.
:: violet at first; FI. and Fr. not known.—Peru
•Pisco valley). L. erectispinusRauh & Backbg.
Bo. prostrate and then curving upwards; St.to 60
L. camanaensisRauh & Backbg. cm lg., to 3 cm 0 ; Ri. 16; Ar. fairly large,
Bo. prostrate, to only 20 cm lg.; St. 4 cm 0 ; Ri.c. elongated, crowded; Rsp.very numerous, to 1.5cm
-■ -14), made tuberculate by the acute transverse lg., quite strongly projecting, very thin; Csp.
furrows; Ar. round, c. 1cm apart; Rsp.c. 6-10, to 5 (scarcely differentiated) 2-4, to c. 3 cm lg., thin,
mm lg., radiating, stoutly acicular; Csp. l-2(-3), to brittle, directed obliquely upwards, sometimes
-• cm lg., stoutly acicular, rigid, greyish-brown at light golden-yellow; bud-wool persisting; FI.(seen
irst: FI. subapical, c. 8 cm lg., + zygomorphic, + only in the bud-stage) crimson; Fr. ?—Central
: range-red; Fr. c. 2 cm lg., 2.2 cm 0 , greenish; S. Peru (Churin valley). Recognizable by the dense,
glossy, black.—S. Peru (Loma Desert). (FR 1025). almost bristly spination (FR 1075).
L. canetensisRauh & Backbg.
Bo. prostrate, to 80 cm lg.; St. to 8 cm 0 ; RI.21, L. erigensRauh & Backbg.
ransversely furrowed; Rsp. 20-30, 5 mm lg., + Bo. erect, branching from the base, to 1.5 m n., St.
rnstle-like, brownish, becoming grey; Csp. to 10 cm 0 ; Ri. 14; Ar.crowded; Rsp.numerous, 1
>-1( 3), sometimes 1 to l,5cmlg.; FI. to 10 cm lg., cm lg., bristly fine, yellowish-brown, becoming
- zygomorphic, vivid crimson; Fr. dark wine-red, grey; Csp. 1-3, 2(-2.5) cm lg., stoutly acicular,
; 1.5 cm lg.—Peru (Cañete valley, Imperial). leather-coloured, eventually grey; FI. c. 8 cm lg.,
mostly borne on one side only, crimson; Fr.c. 2 cm
L. cantaensisRauh & Backbg. 0 , wine-red when unripe.—Central Peru (Cañete
Bo. erect to + prostrate, with a taproot; St. to 60 valley).
:m lg., to 5 cm 0 ; Ri. 18; Ar. very small; Rsp. very
dimerous, c. 5 mm lg., thin, bristle-like, leather- L. eriotrichus(Werd. & Backbg.) Backbg.
crown at first; Csp. mostly 1, to 2.5 cm lg., dark Bo. branching, semi-prostrate; St.to 40 cm lg., to
crown at first; FI. c. 8(—10) cm lg., c. 3 cm 0 , 3.5 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 16; Ar. strongly yellow-felty at
weakly zygomorphic, vivid carmine; Fr. ?—Peru first, later with longer woolly H., denser in the
tCanta valley). apex; Rsp. to 15, to 8 mm lg.; Csp. 3-6, equal,
scarcely distinguishable; Sp. yellowish-white at
L.clavispinusRauh & Backbg. first, later grey, sometimes dark-tipped; FI.flame-
Bo. erect, branching from the base, with thick R.; colour; Fr. cherry-sized, yellowish-green.—Peru
St. 20-50 cm h., 8-10 cm 0 ; Ri. 14; Ar. crowded; (Rimac valley).
Rsp. to 30, c. 1.5 cm lg., very stout, brownish; Csp.
2-3, to 3 cm lg., stiff and nail-shaped, light grey- L.eulalianusRauh & Backbg.
r ruinóse at first below, tipped chocolate-brown; Bo.prostrate to semi-erect; St.to 30 cm lg., 3-5 cm
FI.red, Tu. to 8 cm lg., strongly bent; Fr. ?—Peru 0 ; Ri.c. 19, not transversely furrowed; Rsp.c. 30,
Xazca valley). thin, sometimes 1 longer stouter upper one to 2 cm
lg., yellow, the others golden-brown at first; Csp.
L. crassiserpens (Rauh & Backbg.) Rauh & scarcely differentiated, to 10; FI. and Fr.
Backbg. unknown.—Central Peru (Eulalia valley). Rauh
Bo.prostrate, moderately branching; St. to 2 m lg., later wrote the name as L. eulaliensis.
c-4 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 12; Ar. + elongated, small, set on
¿omewhat tuberculate prominences; Rsp. c. 20, c. L. faustianus(Backbg.) Backbg.
mm lg., radiating, thin, yellowish-brownish; Bo.prostrate to ascending; St.to 40 cm lg., to 5 cm
Csp. scarcely differentiated, 1— 2 longer ones, or in 0 ; Ri. c. 18; Ar. fairly crowded; Rsp. 35^10, to 1
the crown 1 upper Rsp. which is bristly, elongated, cm lg., fine, bristly; Csp.hardly differentiated, to 6,
to 2 cm lg., brownish, darker below; FI. moderately 1-3 of these longer, c. 3 cm lg., very stout; Sp.
curving, red.—N. Peru (Olmos: eastwards). yellow at first below, brown above, later becoming
247
LOXANTHOCEREUS

black, rather tangled; FI. c. 6 cm lg., funnelform, 1.5 cm lg.; Csp.mostly 1,to 5cm lg., dull leather-
obliquely expanding, flame-coloured; Fr. small, colour, neither pruinose nor contorted.
spherical.—Peru (Rimac and Eulalia valleys).
L. jajoianus(Backbg.) Backbg.
L.ferrugineusRauh & Backbg. Bo. forming groups; St.erect to curving, to 60 cm
Bo. erect, branching from the base; St. to 80 cm h., lg., to 6 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 12; Rsp. c. 20, to 6 mm lg.;
4-5 cm 0 ; Ri. 20; Rsp. numerous, thin, ± Csp. 1-4, to 6 cm lg., thickened below, stout; Sp.
interlacing; Csp. 1-4, sometimes 2 longer ones, the straw-coloured; FI.salmon-orange, c. 7 cm lg.; Fr.
longest one to 2 cm lg., those at the apex erect, later spherical, c. 1.3 cm 0 , yellowish-green, with short
porrect or directed downwards, stout, rusty brown, white woolly flock; S.matt black, 1.25 mm lg. S.
later grey; FI. 10 cm lg., crimson; Fr. to 4 cm 0 , Peru (Uyupampa).
pale wine-red.—Peru (Nazca valley).
L. keller-badensisBackbg. & Krainz
L. gracilis(Akers & Buin.) Backbg. Bo. branching from the base, to 65 cm h.; St. to 5.5
Bo. prostrate, with a woody underground root­ cm 0 ; Ri. c. 15; Ar. crowded, yellow-felted,
stock; St. 10-20, c. 5 cm 0 ; Ri. 11, tuberculate; becoming white; Rsp. 25-30, to 8 mm lg., light
Rsp. 8, c. 1cm lg., radiating, stiff, yellow; Csp. 1-3, brownish-yellow', eventually whitish-grey; Csp.
c. 2 cm lg., stiff, yellow; FI. zygomorphic, orange- 1-3, the middle one porrect, 1.6 cm lg., others
scarlet; Tu. bent, S-shaped; Fr. tuberculate, shorter, yellow, becoming blackish; FL to 8 cm lg.,
yellowish-green.—S. Peru (near Chavina). opening fairly wide, to funnelform, bluish-
carmine; Fr. c. 1.2 cm 0 , spherical, green.—Peru
L.gracilispinusRauh & Backbg. (Rimac, side-valleys).
Bo. prostrate, branching from below; St. to 60 cm
lg., to c. 10 cm 0 ; Ri. 18, very narrow; Ar. very
small; Rsp. very numerous, to 5 mm lg., thin, L. multifloccosusRauh & Backbg.
mingled near the crown with fine white woolly H., Bo. prostrate, branching from the base; St. to 40
forming an erect tuft in the crown itself; Csp. to cmlg., 5(-8)cm 0 ; Ri. 17-18; Rsp.numerous, to 1
over 10, the principal one to 2 cm lg., dark brown at cm lg., radiating, interlacing, snow-white on new
first, yellowish below, fine-acicular; FI.to c. 12 cm growth; Csp. scarcely distinguishable, l(-2), to 2
lg., 2 cm 0 , crimson, almost rotate, arising from cm lg., somewhat stouter, brown; Br.-H. in the
dense areolar wool, old bud-wool persisting; Fr. apex, but no soft H,; Ar. eventually forming a
greenish.—Central Peru (Loma Desert near Pacha- dense tuft of white wool, this sometimes persisting
camac). along the entire length of the St.; FI.crimson; Tu.
± straight.—Peru (Loma Desert, near Pacha-
L.granditessellatusRauh & Backbg. camac).
Bo. prostrate; St. to 2 m lg., 5 cm 0 ; Ri. 6-7,
noticeably tessellate because of the transverse L.nanus(Akers) Backbg.
furrows, tessellae acutely angled, borders appear­ Bo. offsetting freely; St. to only 10 cm lg.; Ri.
ing ± pruinose; Rsp. 8-10, unequal, to 1 cm lg., 12-14; Rsp. and Csp. variable in number and
stout, brownish, tipped purplish-brown; Csp. 1-2, length, hardly distinguishable, projecting, brown
to 5 cm lg., very stout, purplish-brown at first; FI. on new growth; FI. crimson, faintly zygo­
to 10 cm (?) lg., red; Tu.slender, + bent, with dense morphic.—S. Peru (near Chala-Atico).
tufts of curly woolly H.; Fr.spherical, to 3 cm 0 ,
green.—Central Peru (Santa valley). L.neglectusRitt.—“Taxon”, XIII: 3, 116. 1964.
Bo. resembling L. faustianus, but shorter and more
L. hystrixRauh & Backbg. slender; St. only 2.3 cm 0 , prostrate; Sp. more
Bo. prostrate and then arching upwards, to 1.5 m numerous; Rsp. 20-30, 3-8 mm lg., pale yellow or
lg.,to 10cm 0 , fiercely spined;Ri. to 15(—16); Rsp. brownish-yellow; Csp. 15-20; FI. less zygomor­
numerous, to 2.5 cm lg., stout, spreading in all phic, 5-7 cm lg.; Tu.less funnelform; Pet.only half
directions, olive-brownish at first, then becoming as long, 1.7-2 cm lg.; Fil. + the same length; Sti.
grey, tipped dark brown; Csp. 6-8, to 2.5 cm lg., 1 shorter, pale yellow.—Peru (E. of Lima, near Santa
main Sp. to 10 cm lg., very stout, often contorted; Clara) (FR 135).
Sp. ± brown, later pruinose; FI. (seen only in the v. chimbotensisRitt. 1. c.: Ar. 3-5 mm apart; Sp.
bud-stage) 5 cm lg., later probably more, red.— somewhat fewer, young Sp. very variable:
Peru (Nazca-Lucanas). brownish-red or pale yellow; Csp. always a
v. brunnescens Rauh: stouter; Ri. to 19, con­ deeper dark brown; S. smaller, slightly glossy
stricted; Rsp. mostly to 1 cm lg., mingled with (matt in the type).—Peru (coastal mountains,
others which are stouter, leather-coloured and to near Chimbóte) (FR 277A).
248
 LOXANTHOCEREUS

L. otuscensis Ritt., not described: probably coloured, interlacing; Csp. 1-4,1-2 longest ones to
dentical with L. sulcifer Rauh & Backbg. 2.5 cm lg., directed upwards, brownish, + interlac­
ing in the crown, + mingled with H„ dark brown,
L. pachycladusRauh & Backbg. soon becoming black, lighter below; FI. crimson;
Bo.sometimes prostrate, St.-tips directed upwards; Tu.4 cm lg.—Peru (desert, N. of Lima),
St. 2( -2.5) m lg„ to 10 cm 0 ; Ri. 10(-12), v. brevispinusRauh & Backbg.: Csp.shorter, less
constricted between the Ar., with a V-notch; Rsp. interlacing in the crown, sometimes absent
-12, to c. 1.5 cm lg., very stout, at first yellowish- (Rauh);
orown and darker below, later grey-pruinose, v. fulviceps Rauh & Backbg.; Csp. longer, ±
orown-tipped; Csp. 1, to 7 cm lg., very stout, greenish-yellow; crown more strongly ochre-
eather-coloured at first, transversely ribbed, coloured.
becoming grey; FI. and Fr. not known.—Central
i’eru (Cañete valley).
L. rhodoflorus Akers(?), n.nud., is possibly ident­
ical with L. gracilispinus Rauh & Backbg.
L parvitessellatus Ritt., not described: appears to
be close to L. sulcifer Rauh & Backbg., or its v.
.ongispinus. L.(?)riomajensisRauh & Backbg.
Bo.little branching; St.to 50 cm lg., to 3(—5) cm 0 ,
L.peculiarisRauh & Backbg. with noticeably dense rigid Sp.; Ri. to 17; Rsp.
Bo. sometimes prostrate; St.to 80 cm lg., to 5 cm numerous, very stiff, pungent, to 1 cm lg.; Csp.
0 -Ri-17(-18); Ar.very small; Rsp.numerous, to5 (main Sp.) only to 1.5 cm lg., directed obliquely
cim lg., bristly fine, yellowish-brown at first, downwards; Sp. floury greyish-yellow to reddish-
iterlacing; Csp. 1-2(-4), c. 2 cm lg., (longest one to grey, tipped violet-black; FI. not known.—S. Peru
75 cm lg.), yellowish-brown at first, directed (Rio Majes valley).
: bliquely downwards or upwards; FI. to 8 cm lg., c.
2 cm 0 , ± rotate, crimson to carmine; Tu. only 5 L. sextonianus(Backbg.) Backbg.
mm 0 , crimson.—S. Peru (Pisco valley). Bo. prostrate, with a woody underground section;
St. (in cultivation) to 1.5 m lg., to 3 cm 0 ,
L.piscoensisRauh & Backbg. branching from low on the sides; Ri.c. 13; Ar. very
Bo.sometimes prostrate, branching from the base; small, crowded; Rsp. to 30, 0.5 cm lg., very thin,
"t-to 1 m lg., to 8 cm 0 ; Ri. 10-12, transversely radiating, pinkish to yellowish, grey or brown; Csp.
crrowed; Rsp. to c. 15, 1-1.5 cm lg., sometimes scarcely differentiated, 1—2, to 3 cm lg., the longest
cry stout, they and the Csp. yellowish-brown ones always on the outside of the St.-curvature,
¿bove at first, pale yellow below, becoming directed obliquely downwards, grey, dark brown in
? riiowish-brownish; Csp. mostly 1(— 4), very stout, the crown; FI. c. 5-6 cm lg., red; Tu. very slender;
to 5 cm lg., later directed downwards; Ar. light Fr. green.—Peru (above Mollendo).
'town at first, 1—1.2 cm apart, then grey, fairly
-rge. the upper (flower-bearing) part brown; FI. L.splendens(Akers) Backbg.
rongly zygomorphic, to 9.5 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 ; Ov. Bo. erect to prostrate; St. c. 3 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 12-14;
and lower Tu.green with white H.,H. brown in the Rsp. to c. 14, thin; Csp. 1-4, stouter, 1 longer Sp.
-P p e r part of the Tu.; Pet. and recurved Sep. brownish, porrect, erect in the crown; FI. red; Tu.
tpiculate, light yellowish to pure red, especially on stouter.—Peru (locality not known).
Me underside, or as a M.-line with a crimson tint;
An.and Fil.carmine-violet, the latter with short H. L. sulciferRauh & Backbg.
below; style pale pink, projecting for 2 cm; Sti. Bo. prostrate and arching upwards; St. 1-2 m lg.,
eapitately united, red; Fr. ?—Peru (Pisco and to 8 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 8, broken into elongated
fañete valleys). (Fig. 206.) hexagonal Tub.; Ar. surmounted by a longitudinal
Rauh did not see the FI. when fully expanded, furrow, gradually becoming larger, with thicker
' cnce his length of 6 cm; he referred the spec, to yellowish-brown felt when flowering is reached;
r r-rzicactus because of the short H. at the base of Rsp. to 10, 5-9 mm lg., light to dark brown; Csp.
be Fil.; but this feature has also been observed in 1-4 (cruciform if 4), 2.5-4 cm lg., stout, yellowish
•eral spec, of Haageocereus. The diagnostic to darker; FI. zygomorphic, 4 cm 0 , vivid crimson
Miure here is the open funnel-shape of the Per. to carmine; (unripe) Fr. c. 1 cm lg.—Peru (Rio
Fortaleza).
L pullatusRauh & Backbg, v. longispinus Rauh & Backbg.: differentiated
Bo. ± decumbent;St. to 50 cm lg., 3-5 cm 0 ; Ri.c. from the variable type by the Tub. having
■ Rsp. c. 20, to 7(—10) mm lg., thin, horn- equal sides (not oblong): Csp. mostly longer.
249
MACHAEROCEREUS—MAIHUENIOPSIS

Machaerocereus Br. & R. (143) pungent, yellow, brownish below; FI.to 3.5 cm lg.,
5 cm 0 , red, from ± terminal Ar.,with woolly felt;
Cerei of creeping habit, to densely shrubby and Fr. not known.—Frontier, Chile and Argentina
squarrose, the spination in part very fierce, the (Paso Cruz).
central spine ± dagger-like, as indicated by the
generic name. The pink to white flowers have a M. patagonica (Phil.) Speg. non sensu Br. & R.
slender tube and are believed to be nocturnal but Bo. forming cushions, St. 20-30 cm h., densely
they remain open throughout part of the following branching; Seg. c. 2.8 cm lg., to c. 1.2 cm 0 , ±
day. The tube and ovary show felt in the scale-axils cylindric; L. 2-4 mm lg., ovoid; Sp. 3,to 1cm lg.,
and later develop spines in the lower part. The the middle one to 4 cm lg., all Sp. light flesh-
spherical edible fruit is also at first covered with coloured, becoming grey; FI. 3.5-4 cm 0 ,
spines but these drop at maturity. Seeds black.— yellowish-white, “at the branch-tip” ; Fr.c. 2cm 0 ,
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California and some of spherical.—Patagonia.
the offshore islands; Sonora?).
M. patagonica sensu Br. & R.: Maihuenia philippii
M. eruca(Brand.) Br. & R. (T.) (Web.) Web.
Bo. prostrate and rooting, with the tip ascending,
St.thick, densely spiny, little branching, 1-3 m lg., M. phillippii(Web.) Web.
4-8 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 12; Ar. large; Sp. c. 20, unequal, Bo. forming very flat groups; Seg. to 1.5 cm 0 , +
pale grey to white, outer ones subulate, inner ones spherical; L. subulate; young Ar. with white H.:
stouter, flat, especially the one dagger-like back- longest Sp. 1-1.5 cm lg., flexible, white; FI.c. 3 cm
wardly directed Csp. 3 cm lg. which is keeled lg., white, terminal; Fr. c. 1 cm lg.—Chile
below; FI. 10-14 cm lg., 4-6 cm 0 , white, delicate (Cordillera of Linares).
pink below; Ov. very spiny; Fr.4 cm lg., scarlet.—
Mexico (Baja California, Magdalena Is.). (Fig. M. poeppigii(Otto) Web. non Speg. (T.)
207.) [Must be grown prostrate in cultivation.] Bo. forming broad dense colonies to 1 m across;
Seg. 6 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , cylindric; L. 4-6 mm lg.,
M. gummosus (Eng.) Br. & R. cylindric; Sp. 3,2 of these very short, 1to 2cm lg..
Bo. branching squarrosely from the base, or + yellowish; FI.yellow, terminal (Br. & R.), sessile to
erect and bushy; St. to 1m lg., 4-6 cm 0 ; Ri.8( 9); pedunculate (Vaupel); Fr.4-5 cm lg., 2-3cm 0 . —
Rsp. 8-12, to 1 cm lg.; Csp. 3-6, flattened, one Chile (Chilian, Cordillera of Talca).
lower Sp. backwardly directed, to 4 cm lg., but not
as stoutly dagger-like as in M. eruca; Sp.eventually M. poeppigii Speg. non (Otto) Web.: Maihuenia
black; FI. 10-14 cm lg., purple outside (acc. Diguet, valentiniiSpeg.
white to pink inside); Fr. 6-8 cm lg., ± reddish-
green. M. tehuelches Speg.: Maihuenia patagonica (Phil.)
Speg. non sensu Br. & R.

Maihuenia Phil. (3) M. valentiniiSpeg.

Bo.forming dense colonies 10-25 cm h.; Seg. 1-3.5
The species of this genus form rounded cushions, cm lg., ± clavate; L. ovoid, small; Sp.3. creamy at
these flatter in one species only, the ± cylindric first, then reddish-grey; Csp. 1, longest, 2-6 cm lg..
shoots bearing longer-persisting small leaves which FI.2 cm 0 , white to light yellow, subapical; Fr. ?—
are cylindric or ± ovoid; the flowers are fairly Argentina (Chubut). (Fig. 208.)
large, white to + yellow or red; floral insertion
remains to be clarified in some species. The seeds,
as far as known, are black and glossy.— Maihueniopsis Speg. (12)
Distribution: Cordilleras of more S. Chile at higher
altitudes, and the SW. Andean regions of Argen­ Plants resembling Tephrocactus, not since re­
tina. [Slow-growing.] collected, with the reputedly unique character of
the shoots being united at the base. One species
M. albolanata Ritt. and v. viridulispina Ritt.: not only.—Distribution: N. Argentina (Jujuy, puna
described, or only names. near Santa Catalina) (?).

M. brachydelphys(K. Sch.) K. Sch. I M. leptoclada Ritt. (FR 1050): no description

Bo.forming mats ; St.-Seg.very short, rarely over 2 I available,
cm lg., to 1 cm 0 , cylindric; L. 2-3 cm lg., acute;
Sp. mostly only 1, 3 cm lg. and more, terete, stiff, M. molfinoiSpeg. (T.)
250
 MAIHUENIOPSIS—MALACOCARPUS

Bo. forming dense groups; Seg. ovoid to spherical, M. arechavaletai (K. Sch. ex Speg.) Berg.—
c. 1-1.5 cm lg. and 0 , light green, united at the Wigginsia arechavaletai (K. Sch. ex Speg.) D. M.
base; Ar. 5-6 on the free part of the St., white-felty; Port., 1. c., 211
Glo. in the lower Ar.; Sp. only in the 2 upper Ar., Bo. + spherical, dark green; Ri. 13-21, tuber-
one, stififer and curving slightly outwards, 1.5-2.5 culate; Rsp. c. 9 (or more), to 2 cm lg., spreading,
cm lg., ashy-brown, dark-tipped; FI. c. 3 cm lg., light-coloured, red below, tipped black; Csp. 1(—4),
sulphur-yellow with a satiny sheen; Fr. not c. 2 cm lg., stout, straight, pointing downwards,
known.—For distribution, see above. (Fig. 209.) dark brown to black; FI. 3-4 cm lg., to 5 cm 0,
golden-yellow; Fr. to 2 cm lg., 5 mm 0, white.—
Uruguay (near Maldonado); acc. Spegazzini, also
Nlalacocarpus SD. (109) = Wigginsia in adjacent parts of Argentina.
D.M. Port.* (see also under the latter)
M. bezrucii Fric: only a name.
Plants mostly solitary, broadly spherical at first,
later spherical but rarely elongated, with a woolly M. callispinus Y. Ito: Wigginsia arechavaletai (K.
crown. The flowers are short, in various shades of Sch. ex Speg.) D. M. Port.
yellow, and their tubes are strongly woolly. The
styles or stigmas are red. The soft berry-like fruits M. corynodes (O. ex PfeifL) SD. (T)—Wigginsia
push through the apical wool at maturity.— corynodes(O. ex Pfeiff.) D. M. Port., 1. c. 211.
Distribution: Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, with an Bo. spherical to cylindric, to 20 cm h., 10 cm 0
>olated distribution in Colombia. [(R).; since the (acc. K. Sch., to 60 cm h., 30 cm 0 !), dark green;
-eedlings grow slowly, it is advantageous to graft Ri. 13-16, with shallow transverse indentations;
them.] Rsp. 7-12, bottom 3 to 2 cm lg., dull yellowish,
Since Malacocarpus sensu Br. & R. was a collective sometimes ringed; Csp. 0-1, rather longer; FI.to 5
genus, combinations had been made under that cm lg. and 0 , canary-yellow; Fr. oblong, dirty
generic name; but since the restoration of the genus red.—S. Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina.
to its original narrower sense, the specific names
effected will now be found under the following M. corynodes v. erinaceus SD.: Wigginsiaerinacea
genera: Austrocactus, Brasilicactus, Eriocactus, (Haw.) D. M. Port.
rrailea, Horridocactus, Islaya, Neochilenia, Noto-
: actus, Parodia, Pyrrhocactus. M. courantii SD.: Wigginsia tephracantha (Lk. &
Details cannot be given here of the name-changes O.) D. M. Port.
•ithin these genera. Where necessary, the specific
" ame must be looked up under these genera. The M. erinaceus (Haw.) Lem. ex Forst.—Wigginsia
•oecies given below are those where the essential
erinacea(Haw.) D. M. Port., 1. c., 210.
-aaracters conform to those of the generic de- Bo. ± spherical, c. 15 cm h. and 0, dark green; Ri.
•nption or, in the case of undescribed plants, 15-20, spiralled, weakly transversely indented;
•here they are clearly referable here. Tub.compressed above and below; Rsp. 6-8, 1 cm
lg., upper ones shorter, lower ones twice as long;
'•1 aciculatus SD.:Wigginsia erinacea (Haw.) D. Csp. 1, rather longer, + pressed downwards,
M Port. brown; FI. to 5 cm lg., to 7 cm 0, canary-yellow.—
S. Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina.
M. acuatus SD.: Wigginsiatephracantha(Lk. & O.) M. erinaceus v. elatior (Monv.) Y. Ito: a name
D. M. Port. referable here.

■ la Taxon” XIII: 210, 1964 Salm-Dyck’s name, which M. fricii (Ar.) Berg.—Wigginsia fricii(Ar.) D. M.
itad been in use for 115 years, was rejected (as being a Port., 1. c. 210.
^:monym of Malacocarpus Fisch. & Mey. [1843], a Bo.depressed-spherical, c. 4 cm h., 6 cm 0, glossy,
I —us within Zygophyllaceae) as also was Byles’s light green; Ri. c. 20, somewhat wavy; Rsp. 6-7,
r —posal that the earlier and commonly used name unequal, bent, appressed, flexible, likewise the
h aid be retained as a nom. cons. (Diet, of Gen. & Subg. minute Csp. if present; FI.c. 3 cm lg., yellowish.—
. -ttac., 19. 1957). D. M. Porter replaced it (1. c.) by the Uruguay.
■ ame Wigginsia. In the present work no re-arrangement
the text could be made at that stage: in any case
Malacocarpus is still the name most widely used. All that M. hennisii hort. referable, as a name, to Wigginsia
. -Id be done here was to insert the valid names, and it is vorwerkiana(Werd.) D. M. Port.
■ ?ped this will be a useful guide for most users of the
Lexicon. M. kovaricii (Flic) Berg.—Wigginsia kovaricii
251
MALACOCARPUS

(Fric) Backbg. n.comb. (Malacocarpus kovaricii Ri. somewhat wavy; Rsp. c. 5 (and more); Csp. 1,
Fric in Berger, Kakteen, 206. 1929). projecting; FI. medium-sized, intense yellow; Sti.
Bo. flattened-spherical, dark green; Ri. 16, acute; brownish-red.
Ar. with white wool; Sp. c. 10, reddish-brown; Csp. More likely a form (or variety?) of Malacocarpus
1, somewhat longer.—Uruguay? tephracanthus (Lk. & O.) K. Sch.

M. langsdorfii (Lehm.) Br. & R.—Wigginsia M. sellowii K. Sch. (sellowianus SD.): Malaco­
langsdorfii (Lehm.) D. M. Port., 1. c., 211. carpus tephracanthus (Lk. & O.) K. Sch.—
Bo. elongated-spherical, c. 10 cm h. and 0 (to 40 Wigginsia tephracantha (Lk. & O.) D. M. Port., 1.
cm h. ?) leaden-grey; crown strongly white-woolly; c., 210.
Ri. 17, very tuberculate; Rsp. c. 6; Csp. 1(— 4), erect
at first, later directed obliquely downwards; Sp. M. sessiliflorus (Mackie) Backbg.—Wigginsia
thin but stiff', horn-coloured; FI. c. 5 cm lg., only c. sessiliflora (Mackie) D. M. Port., 1. c., 210. (Porter
1.5-2 cm 0 , yellow; Sti. purple.—Central and S. wrote it as “sessiflora”).
Brazil. Bo. flattened-spherical, 20 cm 0 , dark to greyish-
green; Ri. fewer at first, later to 30, thickened
M. leucocarpus (Ar.) Backbg.--Wigginsia leuco- around the Ar.; Sp. only (2— )3—4 at first, later
carpa (Ar.) D. M. Port., l.c., 211. to 5, to 2 cm lg., 3 lower ones often + bent, horn-
Bo. eventually ± elongated-spherical, leaden-grey; coloured to white; Csp. mostly 0, rarely 1; FI.
Ri. c. 20; Sp. c. 5, + equal, spreading; FI. not very relatively small.—‘Uruguay, Argentina,
large; Fr. white.—Uruguay. v. martinii (Lab. ex Riimpl.) D. M. Port., 1. c.
210: Bo. small, greyish-green; Ri. only 12; Rsp.
M. macrocanthus (Ar.) Hert.—Wigginsia macro- 4-5,3 lower ones longer; Csp. 0; FI. only c. 2 cm
cantha (Ar.) D. M. Port., 1. c., 210. 0 , sulphur-yellow, early;
Bo. ± hemispherical to spherical, light green; Ri. v. pauciareolata (Ar.) Backbg. n.comb. (Mal­
12-14; Rsp. 7, 3 lower ones to 3 cm lg., upper ones acocarpus pauciareolatus (Ar.) Berger, Kakteen,
shorter; Csp. 1, curving + upwards; FI. relatively 207. 1929): Ri. 15-21; Ar. only 2 per Ri.; Sp. 4, 3
large, pale yellow; Sti. blackish-red.—Uruguay. directed downwards, 1 upwards, subulate,
(Fig. 210.) pungent; FJ. golden-yellow.—Uruguay.
M. macrogonus (Ar.) Hert.—Wigginsia macrogona M. stegmannii Backbg.—Wigginsia stegmannii
(Ar.)D. M. Port., l.c., 210. (Backbg.) D. M. Port., 1. c., 211.
Bo. broader than high, 15(-20) cm 0 , dark green; Bo. flattened-spherical, then hemispherical,
Ri. 12-21, fairly prominent and broad; Rsp. 9, the 3 greyish-green; Ri. 17, spiralled; Rsp. c. 9, the lowest
lower ones longer; Csp. 0; Fi. medium-sized.s| ones longest, c. 1cm lg., upper ones thin, bent; Csp.
Uruguay. 0-1, shorter; F'l. only c. 1.5 cm 0 , yellow; Tu. with
darker wool and Br.—Argentina (Sierra Lihuel
M. martinii Lab. ex Riimpl.: Wigginsia sessiliflora Calei).
v. martinii (Lab. ex Riimpl.) D. M. Port.
M. tephracanthus (Lk. & O.) K. Sch.—Wigginsia
M. orthacanthus (Lk. & O.) Hert.—Wigginsia tephracantha (Lk. & O.) D. M. Port., 1. c., 210.
orthaeantha (Lk. & O.) Backbg. n.comb. (Mal­ Bo. + hemispherical, to 15 cm h. and 0 , +
acocarpus orthacanthus (Lk, & O.) Hert., Cactus, greyish-green; crown with much woolly felt; Ri.
92. 1954). 16—18(— 20 and more), acute, somewhat wider
Bo. spherical, c. 7 cm h. and 0 , bluish-green; Ri. above the Ar.; Rsp. 5-7, the 2-4 uppers to 1.5 cm
18, laterally compressed, with distinct pro­ lg., the 3 lower ones to 2.5 cm lg., stouter; Csp.
minences ; Rsp. 7, c. 1.2 cm lg., 1 longest Sp. c. 2 cm often only later, 1, straight or bent downwards, to 2
lg.; Csp. 1, straight, stout.-^Uruguay. cm lg.; Sp. all horn-coloured; FI. c. 4.5 cm lg., often
Perhaps a variety of the variable Wigginsia tephra- rather broader, canary-yellow. A very variable
cantha (Lk. & O.) D. M. Port.? spec.—S. Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina.
v. courantii (SD.) Backbg. n.comb. (Malaco­
M. pauciareolatus (Ar.) Berg.: Wigginsia carpus tephracanthus v. courantii (SD.) Backbg.,
sessiliflora v. pauciareolata (Ar.) Backbg. Die Cact. Ill: 1619. 1959): Bo. glossy, dark
green; Ri. 19-21; Rsp. 7-9; Csp. 1; FI. larger,
M. polyacanthus SD.: Wigginsia langsdorfii pale yellow; Sti. blackish-red;
(Lehm.) D. M. Port. v. depressa (Speg.) D. M. Port.: lower, to 5 cm h.,
to 7 cm 0 , + top-shaped, matt green; Ri. 9-17;
M. rubricostatus Fric, not described: Rsp. often only 3, only to 5 mm lg., stouter, pale.
252
 MALACOCARPUS—MAMMILLARIA

Some of the varieties placed here are in fact other widely.—Uruguay.

spec.; or else their names, where considered valid,
must be sought under the other spec. There is a M. vorwerkianus (Werd.) Backbg.—Wigginsia
seedling-form which is suffused + deep red. vorwerkiana(Werd.) D. M. Port., 1. c., 210.
Bo. flattened-spherical, to 5 cm h., to 9 cm 0 ,
M. tetracanthus R. Mey.: Wigginsia sessiliflora slightly glossy, vivid green; Ri. c. 20, + wavy,
Mackie) D. M. Port. somewhat spiralled; Rsp. 5-6, projecting ±
horizontally, subulate, dirty yellowish-white; Csp.
0-1, same length as the Rsp., later mostly curving
M. turbinatus (Ar.) Hert.—Wigginsia turbinata upwards, bent, stouter; FI. c. 2 cm 0 (and more),
Ar.)D. M. Port., 1. c., 211. yellow.—Colombia (near Sogamoso).
Bo. flat, ± disc-shaped or passing over into the
taproot to form + a top-shape, dark green; Ri.
.2-20 (or more), low; Rsp. 5-10; Csp. 0-1; Sp. Mamillopsis (Morr.) Web. (232)
:nly moderately lg | FI. over 3 cm 0 , opening See page 299.

Mammillaria Haw. (226)

Plants which may be spherical to elongated, simple or caespitose, with or without milky sap; those with
milky sap either visibly milky externally if damaged during the growing period, or only inside and less
wrongly so. Instead of ribs the plants have tubercles which are variable in form, and arranged in
intersecting spirals which are, in general, a diagnostic character of the relative species. The flowers are
never apical, but appear in a ring from the axils of the previous year's growth. The axils (depressions
retween the tubercles) can be completely glabrous, or they can have wool of variable length, sometimes
also bristles or + long hairs; the areoles (seat of the spine-clusters on the tubercles) usually have visible felt
:r ± wool, at least at first, but mostly later become glabrous. In these cases the crown is + woolly as a
result ol the felt or wool in axils and areoles; in a number of species the axillary wool develops more
strongly in the flowering zone, so that rings of wool appear. The flowers are variable in size but mostly
small, colours ranging from white to yellowish to red, and in some species, particularly among those with
rooked spines, the flowers are quite large. In plants with hooked spines where the flesh is ± soft (these
rlants often being + hairy), the flowers are normally small. In other hook-spined species there occur
rowers more bellshaped to funnelform, which are variable in size. Hooked spines occur in each of the three
Sections, irrespective of sap-type. The tube and ovary are glabrous and virtually lacking in scales. When
■ re flower has faded the fruit is not initially visible, but it appears from the axil at maturity, i.e. it is pushed
: utwards. In colour, the fruits can be green to red or even a ± reddish-green, or sometimes ± coral-red.
The seed-testa is smooth to pitted or minutely tuberculate, + dull to glossy, yellowish to black, while size
_nd shape are equally variable. The spines also exhibit a wide range of variation in number and type: they
'ay be straight, + curving or sometimes hooked, very fine to stout, smooth, rough or finely hairy,
: imetimes they are bristly and soft, or hair-like and even feathery. In the species here regarded as referable
' i this genus, the tubercles are never basally connected; the flowers never have a longer tube, and the
r'erry-fruits do not split or dehisce basally. The genus is thus restricted here to species showing the above
. ery uniform characters; any other species belong to other genera, in accordance with proposals already
~ade by various authors at different times. Failing segregation of this type Mammillaria would lose any
.: lesion, because now—even restricting the genus to the uniform diagnostic characters described—over
-0 known and distinguishable species have been described, with 98 varieties; in addition to these there are
~;ore than 80 plants which are inadequately described and therefore not listed here, since they can no
inger be clarified or identified with any known species. Even with a limitation of this kind, Mammillaria
emains by far the largest genus of the Cactaceae. According to the Code of Nomenclature, the generic
lime should be written as “Mammillaria”.* As Salm-Dyck and Schumann have already shown, this
celling is incorrect—i.e. there is no basis for altering the spelling, since the Latin diminutive of “mamma”
should correctly be “mamilla”, and the genus Mamillopsis follows this, as does the Subcategory
Mamillariae”. The Code gives Mammillaria mamillaris as a synonym of the type-species Mamillaria
mplex with duality of spelling. It is high time that uniformity was insisted on, as is done here and by the
majority of German authors.

ranslator’s note: Backeberg himself always uses "Mamillaria” —but while his usage is common in the German-
-euking countries, American and British practice requires “ Mammillaria”, as Haworth wrote it.

253
MAMMILLARE

As a guide to the characters of the different groups, the figures after the specific names refer to the
following Key. The first figure is that of the Section; after that, and separated by a colon, there is the
Subsection, where appropriate ; the third figure indicates the Series, and separated from that by a colon is
the Subseries. The following example illustrates the procedure :—
(3:1,1:2) Section 3—Watery sap (Sect. Hydrochylus K. Sch.)
Subsection 1; Parviflorae Backbg. (small-flowered)
Series 1: Rectispinae Backbg. (straight-spined)
Subseries 2 : Candidae K. Sch. (whitish species)

Summary of the Groups of Species

With milky sap
Milking immediately upon injury................................ Sect. 1: Galactochylus K. Sch.
Plants ± spherical
Spines all straight
Spines white or noticeably light (tips sometimes
coloured)
Axils with or without bristles, with wool. . . . Ser. 1: LeucocephalaeLem.
Spines not all white or light
Axils without bristles, with or without wool
Tubercles often larger, sometimes ± angular Ser.2 :MacrothelaeSD.
Axils with bristles, sometimes sparse
Tubercles ± angular to ± conical . . . . Ser. 3 : PolyedraePfeiff.
Spines: 1central hooked
Axils only woolly
Tubercles + angular................................ Ser. 4: UncinataeVpl.
Plants cylindric
Spines: 1 central straight to hooked, sometimes
bristly, not hooked................................ Ser. 5 : RossianaeBackbg.
Not immediately clearly milking upon injury . . . . Sect. 2 : Subhydrochylus Backbg.
Plants not long-cylindric
Spines all straight, white, centrals in part yellow or
brownish.............................................. Ser. 1; ElegantesK. Sch.
Spines (centrals) bent or (mostly) hooked . . . . Ser. 2 : AncistrophoraeBackbg.
Plants long-cylindric in age
Spines (centrals) straight or hooked.................. Ser. 3 : GuerreronesBackbg.
With watery s a p ............................................................. Sect. 3: Hydrochylus K. Sch.
Flowers small, s h o r t .................................................. Ssect. 1: Parviflorae Backbg.
Spines all stra ig h t.................................................. Ser. 1: RectispinaeBackbg.
Plants very slender-cylindric ............................. Sser. 1: Leptocladodae(Lem.)
Plants not very slender-cylindric
Spines (radials) white or yellowish, sometimes
hair- like, feathery or fibrous, very fine . . . Sser. 2 : Candidae K. Sch.
Spines not (all) white or light
Axils without bristles
Radial spines to max. 2 5 ......................... Sser. 3 : Amoenae Backbg.
Radial spines fine, c. 30 ......................... Sser. 4:Polyacanthae(SD.)
Axils with bristles, at least in age
Radial spines few to more numerous (to 30),
spines variously coloured acc. to species
Bodies sometimes eventually stoutly
cylindric........................................... Sser. 5 : Heterochlorae(SD.)
Spines with a greater or lesser tendency for a central to
be bent or hooked, but possibly also
straight, even on the same plant Ser. 2 : SubcurvispinaeBackbg.
Spines light, mostly with coloured tips, acicular to
254
 MAMMILLARIA

finer, 1 central also stouter, straight to

hooked .............................................. Sser. 6 : Wuthenauianae Backbg.
Spines always with 1 hooked c e n tr a l ..................... Ser. 3 : CurvispinaeBackbg.
Radials usually thin to hair-like
Bodies rather soft-fleshed ............................. Sser. 7 : HamatispinaeBackbg.
Flowers larger or + bellshaped, or more widely opening Ssect. 2. : Grandiflorae Backbg.
Spines straight, none of them hooked .................. Ser. 4 : RectispinosaeBackbg.
Bodies with a longer root-section
Flowers large, opening widely..................... Sser. 8 : Napinae Backbg.
Spines with at least 1 ± hooked central (this
sometimes appearing only later) . . . Ser. 5 : CurvispinosaeBackbg.
Flowers + bellshaped to funnelform, in part .
quite large: fruit sometimes stoutly clavate Sser. 9 : Ancistracanthae(K. Sch.)

Distribution: From the S. States of the USA, through Mexico to Guatemala and Flonduras, through the
Aest Indies (missing from Guadeloupe southwards) to Venezuela and northern Colombia, also Curaçao.
Most spec. (R), the exceptions being shown individually as (G).—O. ///•]
Catalogue of the species white below, tipped reddish-brown to black; FI. 1.3
cm 0, bluish to purplish-red; Sti. yellow.—USA
which can now rank as being diagnosed with (S. Texas, where it was collected by Edelmann).
:ertainty, i.e. those which have been studied from
wing material in collections in both the Old World M. alamensisCraig (3:2, 5:9)
md the New, by the Mexican author, Helia Bravo, Bo. + conically tapering, to 4.5 cm h., 4 cm br.,
:ne Mammillaria specialists Craig, Shurly and dark greyish-green; Tub. truncated conical, 5 mm
Heinrich, as well as by myself. Those plants which lg. and br.; Isp. 5:8; Ar. circular, glabrous; Ax.
■ere listed in “Die Cact.” Vol. V pp. 3462-91 as naked; Rsp. 9, 6 mm lg., fine, smooth, stiff, white,
little known species”, sometimes with short brown-tipped; Csp. 1,9 mm lg., somewhat stouter,
lescriptions, have now been omitted since Craig hooked, purplish-brown to black; FI. ?; S. black,
says that with few exceptions they can probably glossy.—Mexico (Sonora, near Alamos).
“ever now be identified. In a small number of cases
:.iis has now been possible. Further, no mention is
made here either of those plants which (1. c., pp. M. albiarmataBod. (1:1)
3492-97) were merely listed as “species known only Bo. flattened-spherical, taprooted below, upper
^5 names”, or plants sometimes named as Mam- part green, to 4 cm 0, 1.5 cm h.; Tub. pyramidal;
millaria which are now referred to other genera. Isp. 13:21; Ar. white to cream; Ax. without Br.;
The first figure in the brackets after the specific Rsp. 20-25, 2-5 mm lg., white with a coloured tip;
name shows the sap-character. The abbreviation Csp.0; FI. 2 cm lg. and 0, creamy-white; Fr. pink,
Isp”. (intersecting spirals) explains the arrange­ 1 cm lg.; S. brown.—Mexico (Coahuila, Saltillo).
ment of the + spiralled rows of tubercles, which Bodeker at first called this spec. Porfiria coa-
intersect as expressed by the figures: 3:5, 5:8, 8:13, huilensis v. albiflora Bod., but this was only
13:21,21:34, 34:55; it will be noted that apart from a provisional name.
5:8, which is the initial figure, each difference is the
v-im of the 2 corresponding preceding differences. M. albicansBerg. (3:1, 1:2)
Anomalous arrangements do sometimes occur. Bo. becoming elongated, to 20 cm lg., 6 cm 0,
: here is also an occasional doubling of the above caespitose; Ax. woolly; Sp. dense, ± white; Rsp.
figures (e.g. in Mammillaria wiesingeri): 6:10, numerous; Csp.several, straight, stiff, dark-tipped;
16:26, where the second set of figures results from FI. ?; Fr. clavate, red, to 1.8 cm lg.; S. black.—
the sum of the two previous ones. Mexico (Baja California, islands of Sta. Cruz and
S. Dieguito).
M. acanthoplegma Lehm. (2:1)
Bo. spherical to elongated, to 20 cm h., 6 cm 0 , M. albicomaBod. (3:1, 1:2)
greyish-green, little offsetting; Tub. conical, with Bp. caespitose, fairly small, to 5 cm h., 3 cm 0 , leaf-
zht spots; Isp. 13:21; Ax. moderately woolly, green; Tub. conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. white-woolly;
later glabrous; Rsp.c. 20(-24), acicular, to thinner, Rsp. 30-40, to 10 mm lg., hair-like; Csp. 1-4, often
2-5 mm lg.; Csp. 2, directed upwards and missing, very short or 4-10 mm lg., white, tipped
downwards, 6-9 mm lg., + thin-subulate, stiff, reddish-brown; FI. 1.5 cm lg., pale greenish-yellow
255
MAMMILLARIA

to white; Sti.light greenish-yellow; Fr. small, red; green; Tub. conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. with wool and
S. + darker grey.—Mexico (Tamaulipas). Br. ; Rsp. 16, to 10 mm lg., acicular, white, in part
brown-tipped; Csp. 3-4, to 14 mm lg., the bottom
M. albidulaBackbg. (3:1, 1:2) one hooked, dark purplish-brown, lighter below;
Bo.oblong, 11 cm h., 6 cm 0 , greyish-green; Tub.5 FI. + bellshaped, 2 cm lg., 3 cm 0 , white; Fr.
mm lg.; Isp.21:34; Ax. weakly felty; Rsp.c. 16, 3-6 reddish, clavate; S. black.—Mexico (Baja Califor­
mm lg., white; Csp.0-1, 7 mm lg., yellowish below, nia, Los Angeles Bay and Angel de la Guardia
brownish above; FI. carmine, bordered whitish; Island).
Pet.with borders entire; Fr. ?—Mexico.
M. applanataEng. (1:2)
M. albiflora(Werd.) Backbg. (3:2,4:8) [G.] Bo.simple, flattened-spherical, to 5 cm h., 11 cm 0,
Bo. delicate, slender-cylindric, much more robust matt green; Tub. almost 4-sided; Isp. 13:21; Ax.
when grafted, taprooted; Tub.very small; Sp.very glabrous; Rsp. 15-20, 5-12 mm lg., whitish, or the
short, over 30, white, very fine, interlacing in all lower ones light brown; Csp. 1, to 5 mm lg., stiffly
directions; FI.to 3.5cm 0 , white; Pet. + revolute; acicular, dark brown at first, soon becoming
Sti.greenish; Fr. not known.—Mexico (San Luis yellowish-brown; FI.to 2.5 cm lg., to 3.5 cm 0 ;Fr.
Potosi, Queretaro). to 3.5 cm lg., scarlet; S. reddish-brown.—USA
(Central and S. Texas).
M. albilanataBackbg. (3:1, 1:2)
Bo. eventually stoutly cylindric, over 15 cm h., c. 8 M. aridaRose (1:2)
cm 0 , greyish-green, hidden by the Sp.; Tub. Bo. simple, spherical, to 6 cm 0, matt greyish-
cylindric-conical above; Isp. 13:21; Ax. white- green; Tub. rounded, keeled; Isp. 8:13(?); Ax.
haired; Rsp. 15-20, 2-4 mm lg., stiff, smooth, weakly woolly; Rsp. 15, 6-10 mm lg., thin, stiff,
chalky-white, + brownish below; Csp. 2(-4), 2-3 somewhat yellowish, dark-tipped; Csp.4-7, 12-16
mm lg., slender-subulate, white to cream, ± dark- mmlg., stiffly acicular, dark brown ; Fl.1cmlg., 2.5
tipped ; FI.deep carmine, 7 mm lg.; Fr. + light red; cm 0 , cream to light greenish-yellow; Fr. red,
S. pale brown.—Mexico (Guerrero, Chilpan- clavate, 1.5 cm lg. ; S. brown.—Mexico (Baja
zingo). California, La Paz).

I M. alpina: provisional name for the plant even- M. armatissimaCraig ( 1:2)

Itually described as M. kraehenbuehlii. Bo. simple, to 15cm h., 12c m 0 , light green; Tub.
pyramidal; Isp. ?; Ax. glabrous; outer 6Rsp. to 2
M. amoena Hopff. (3:1, 1:3) cm lg., inner 4-6 to 5 mm lg., acicular; Csp.0—1,to
Bo. spherical to elongated, to 20 cm h., 12 cm 0 , 1.4cm lg., stoutly subulate, straight to contorted;
bluish milky green; Tub. conical-ovoid; Isp. 8:12; Sp. cream below, tipped reddish-brown to brown
Ax. weakly woolly; Rsp. 16-20, 2-5 mm lg., bristly, or black; FI. ?;Fr. ?—Mexico.
white; Csp. 2, 8-15 mm lg., acicular, at most
slightly curving, stiff, yellowish-brown to red; FI. M. armillataK. Brand. (3:2, 5:9)
opening widely, 2 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 ; Pet. reddish- Bo. cylindric, simple or caespitose, to 30 c h., 5 cm
brown in the middle, bordered white; Fr. red; S. 0, bluish-green; Tub. conical to cylindric above:
brown.—Mexico (Morelos, Cuernavaca; Hidalgo, Isp. 5:8 ; Ax. weakly woolly, with up to 3 Br. ; Rsp.
Pachuca). 9-15, 7-12 mm lg., thin, white to yellowish, tipped
dark brown; Csp. 1-4, to 2 cm lg., bottom one(s)
M. ancistroidesLem. non Lehm. (3:1, 3:7) hooked, yellowish-grey to brown; FI. to 2 cm lg.
An insufficiently clarified spec.; Bo. yellowish- and 0, white to pink ; Fr.red, clavate, to 3 cm lg. :
green; Ax. naked or weakly woolly; Rsp. 30-40, S. black.—Mexico (Baja California, San José del
thin, hyaline; Csp. 5, the bottom one to 1.4 cm lg., Cabo).
stouter, hooked, the others to 6 mm lg., straight; all
Sp. stiff, reddish-yellow below, tipped dark violet; M. atroflorensBackbg. (1:3)
FI.not opening widely; Pet. with an intenser pink Bo.simple to branching ; St. to 10 cmlg., 7.5 cm 0,
M.-line; Sti. white.—Origin? If Lehmann’s spec. dark green; Tub. four-sided ; Isp. 13:21 ;Ax. rather
(1832: Ax. bristly; Rsp. 6-8; the hooked Csp. felty, with several Br. ; Rsp. 8-9, to 5 mm lg.,
brown-tipped) proves to have been adequately whitish, concolorous or tipped reddish-brown:
described, then the plant later described by Csp. 4, to 6 mm lg., reddish-brown ; FI. small, dark
Lemaire (1839) would have to be renamed. carmine; Fr.red, 2 cm lg. ; S. yellowish.—Mexico.

M. angelensisCraig (3:2, 5:9) M. aureicepsLem. (3:1, 1:5)

Bo. oblong, 15 cm h., 6 cm 0 , yellowish to olive- Bo.simple, rarely branching, spherical, dark green :
256
 MAMMILLARIA

Tub. conical; Isp. ?; Ax. with white wool and red; S. dark brown, almost black.—Mexico (San
,-ellow Br.; Rsp. to 30 or more, golden-yellow, Luis Potosí; Guanajuato).
acicular; Csp. 6(-7), to 1.8 cm lg., dark golden-
yellow, slender-subulate; FI. dark red(?) or green- M. aurisaetaBackbg. (3:1, 1:5)
sh to creamy-white(?); Fr. green; S. ?—Mexico Bo. simple, c. 3 cm 0 , dull green; Tub. slender-
Querétaro). conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. shortly woolly, with long
white hair-like Br.; Rsp. c. 8, to 12 mm lg.
M. aureilanataBackbg. (3:1,1:2) [grafting recom­ thickened below, also to 5 hair-fine Br. to 7 mm lg.,
mended] on the lower Ar.-margin; Csp. mostly 0, otherwise
Bo. simple, dark green, to 7.5 cm h.; Tub.cylindric; 1, 1 cm lg.; all Sp. yellow or brown, thickened
Isp. 8:13; Ax. glabrous; Rsp. 25-30, hair-like, in below, bristly and flexible; FI.1.4cm0, white, M.-
several Ser., to 15 mm lg., ± golden-yellow; Csp.0; stripe reddish; Fr. 2 cm lg., coral-red.—Mexico
FI. 3 cm lg., to 1.8 cm 0 , white to pale pink; Fr. (Zacatecas).
.ight pink; S. black.—Mexico (San Luis Potosí),
v. albaBackbg.: H. pure white; FI.pink. M. auritrichaCraig (1:3)
Bo. simple, ovoid, to 7cm lg., 5cm 0 , light green;
M. aureoviridisW. Heinr. (3:1, 3:7) Tub. cylindric; Isp. 13:21; Ax. with white H. and
Bo. caespitose, single heads spherical to oblong, to Br.; Rsp.25, 1-7mm lg., fine-acicular; Csp. 5-7,to
" cm h., 4.5 cm 0 ; R.fleshy; Tub.shortly cylindric; 1.2 cm lg., thin-acicular, straight, golden-yellow;
Isp. 8:13; Ax. somewhat woolly, with occasional FI. ?;Fr. ?— Mexico (Chihuahua-Sonora).
} ellowish Br.; Rsp.c. 20-25, ± yellow, to 8 mm lg.,
bristly; Csp. (3— )4, 9-10 mm lg., the longest one M. autlanensis Schwarz is only a name (M.
hooked, to 1.3 cm lg., golden-yellow to golden- scrippsiana v. autlanensis Craig & Daws. ?)
brown; FI. 2 cm lg., 1.4 cm 0 , glossy, creamy-
white ; Fr.deep pink, clavate, 2.5 cm lg.; S. black.— M. avila-camachoiShurly (1:1)
Mexico. Bo. simple, depressed-spherical, to 4.5 cm h., 8 cm
0; Tub. 4-sided; Isp. 13:21; Ax. weakly woolly,
M. auriareolisTieg. (3:1, 1:5) with 8-10 white longer Br.; Rsp. 30-35, 3-4 mm
Bo. flattened-spherical, dividing dichotomously to lg., white, yellowish below; Csp. 4, 3-5 mm lg.,
:Arm groups, bluish-green, single heads to 6.5 cm mostly white, red-tipped, or reddish at first, dark-
8 cm 0 ; Tub. conical-cylindric above; Isp. tipped; FI. ?; Fr. ?—Mexico.
13:21; Ax. woolly, with long Br.; Rsp. 25-40, 3-5
mm lg., white, bristly; Csp. 4, 3-6 mm lg., stiffly M. aylostera Werd.: Dolicothele beneckei
-cicular, straight, golden-yellow below, then white, (Ehrenbg.) Backbg.
tipped reddish-brown; FI. ?; Fr. light carmine,
clavate, 2 cm lg.; S. dark yellowish-brown.— M. bachmanniiBod. (1:2)
Mexico (border between Guanajuato and Quer- Bo. spherical, to 18 cm 0 , dark green; Tub.conical
etaro). to hemispherical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. strongly white-
woolly; Rsp. 6-10, 2-5 mm lg., hair-like, light
M. auricanthaCraig (3:1, 1:5) brownish, dark-tipped; Csp. 4, 3 of these 6 mm lg.,
Bo. simple, cylindric, light green, to 6 cm h., 4 cm the bottom one longest, to 2 cm lg., stoutly acicular,
0 ; Tub. conical-cylindric; Isp. 8:13; Ax. weakly black; FI.1.7 cm lg., 2 cm 0 , Pet. deep pink, with a
woolly, with a few Br.; Rsp. 12-15, 3-7 mm lg., lighter border, M.-stripe purplish-pink; Fr. car­
finely acicular, white to pale yellow; Csp. 2(— 4), mine above, almost white below, stoutly clavate; S.
5-14 mm lg., acicular, the bottom one longest, brown.—Mexico.
golden-yellow; FI. ?; Fr. ?—Mexico (Chihuahua-
Sonora). M. backebergianaBuchenau
Bo.spherical to oblong, intense green, c. 5-6 cm 0 ,
M. aurihamataBod. (3:1, 3:7) soon offsetting; Tub.slender-cylindric, in Isp. 8:13;
Bo. simple or caespitose, single heads spherical to Ax. weakly white-woolly at first; Rsp. 8—10, 1 mm
: void, to 6 cm h., 4 cm 0 , leaf-green; Tub. shortly lg., thin, light; Csp. 1-2, 1 cm lg., acicular,
cylindric, keeled; Isp. 8:13; Ax. glabrous, with c. 8 yellowish-brown, dark-tipped; FI. 1.8 cm lg., to
Br. as long as the Tub.; Rsp. 15-20, 8 mm lg., ± 1.5 cm 0 , carmine.—Mexico. Named for Curt
hair-like, yellowish-white; Csp. 4, 1-1.5-2.5 cm lg., Backeberg.
the bottom one longest, hooked, whitish-yellow at
first, then golden to brownish-yellow; FI.1.5 cm lg., M. balsasensis Bod.: Dolicothele nelsonii (Br. &
12c m 0 , light sulphur-yellow; Fr. small, clavate. R.) Backbg,?
257
MAMMILLARIA

M. balsasoides Craig: Dolicothele balsasoides pink, the centrals sometimes also purplish-brown
(Craig) Backbg. at first, then horn-coloured, dark-tipped; FI.
carmine; Sep. ciliate; Fr. ?—Mexico (Chihuahua-
M. barbataEng. (3:1, 3:7) Sonora).
Bo. caespitose, subspherical, single heads 3-5 cm
0 ; Tub. hemispherical to cylindric; Isp.8:13; Ax. M. beneckei Ehrenbg.: Dolicothele beneckei
naked; Rsp. 50-60, 6-8 mm lg., acicular, outer (Ehrenbg.) Backbg.
ones white, inner ones yellowish-brown, dark-
tipped; Csp. l(-2), to 15 mm lg., stoutly acicular, M. bergii Miqu.: first name for Mamillaria ortegae
hairy at first, brownish, hooked; FI.to 2 cm lg. and (Br. &R.)Orc.?
0 , pinkish-red, M.-stripe darker; Fr. 1.2 cm lg.,
red; S. black.—Mexico (Chihuahua, Cosihui- M. blossfeldiana Bod. (3:2, 5:9) [Grafting recom­
riachi). mended.]
Bo.mostly simple, rounded, to c. 4 cm 0 , matt leaf-
M. barken Shurly (3:2,5:97) green; Tub. shortly conical; Isp. 5:8; Ax. only
Bo. simple, somewhat elongated, c. 6 cm h., 5 cm weakly woolly; Rsp. c. 20, 5-7 mm lg., stiffly
0 , green; Tub. rounded; Isp. 8:13; Ax. ± acicular, yellowish at first below, dark brown to
glabrous; Rsp. 8-10, 5-8 mm lg., white, tipped red blackish above; Csp.(3— )4, the bottom one longest,
or black, then yellowish; Csp.3(-4), the longest one to 10mm lg., hooked, dark brown to black; FI.c. 2
hooked, 1.5 cm lg., the others c. 6 mm lg., thickened cm 0 , + bellshaped, Pet. pinkish-carmine, with a
below, blackish in the upper half, yellowish- darker middle; Fr. orange, clavate; S. black.—
brownish below; FI. ?—Mexico. Mexico (Baja California),
v. grandiilora hort.: a form with FI. more than
M. baumii Bod.: Dolicothele baumii (Bod.) Werd twice as large.
& F. Buxb.
M. blossfeldiana v. shurliana Gat.: Mammillaria
M. baxteriana(Gat.) Bod. (1:1) shurliana(Gat.) Gat.
Bo. simple, flattened-spherical, yellowish-green, to
10 cm 0 ; Tub. conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. shortly M. bocasanaPos. (3:1, 3:7)
woolly; Rsp.8-10, acicular, spreading, white, 1-1.5 Bo. spherical, offsetting, single heads 4-5 cm 0 ,
cm lg.; Csp.mostly 1,1.5-2 cm lg., acicular, white; light to dark bluish-green; Tub. soft, ± conical;
all Sp. brown-tipped; FI. yellow; Fr. purple, Isp. 8:13; Ax. naked (or with Br.?); Rsp. 25-30,
clavate, 2 cm lg.; S. brown.—Mexico (Baja 8-20mmlg., hair-like; Csp. 1(—3),5-8mmlg., thin-
California, SE. of La Paz). acicular, hairy, the bottom one hooked, more
porrect, yellow to yellowish-brown; FI. 1.6cm lg..
M. bellaBackbg. (3:1, 2:6) 1.2 cm 0 , Pet. yellowish with a reddish-brown M.-
Bo. simple, later offsetting, to 15 cm lg., 9 cm 0 , line; Fr.slender, red; S.dark brown or (?) black.—
deep green; Tub. conical; Ax. with Br.; Rsp. very Mexico (San Luis Potosí),
thin, c. 20, to 8 mm lg.; Csp. 4(-6), somewhat v. splendens Reb.: only a name for a con­
stouter, to 2 cm lg., the lowest one longest, to 3 cm spicuously white and finely haired form, usually
lg., sometimes hooked, thickened below; all Sp. with yellowish hooked Sp. There are also forms
hyaline.—Mexico (Guerrero, near Taxco). without any hooked Sp., and others which are
strongly caespitose.
M. bellacantha(Craig (1:3) The seeds, as far as I know, are brown.
Bo. depressed-spherical, dark greyish-green, to 8
cm h., 10 cm 0 ; Tub. 4-sided; Isp. 8:13; Ax. M. bocensisCraig (1:2-3)
woolly, with Br. as long as the Tub.; Rsp. 15, 3-8 Bo.flattened-spherical to elongated, to 8.5cm 0 , 9
mm lg., bristly, white, dark-tipped; Csp.4, 5-7 mm cm h., dark green; Tub. pyramidal; Isp. 8:13.
lg., thinly acicular, straight, stiff, light reddish- 13:21; Ax. somewhat woolly, occasionally with
brown, darker-tipped, soon horn-coloured; FI. ?; 1-2 very short Br.; Rsp. 6-8, 5-14 mm lg., stoutly
Fr. ?—Mexico (Chihuahua-Sonora). acicular, upper ones white, lower ones reddish,
dark-tipped; Csp. 1, 8-12 mm lg., fairly robust,
M. bellisianaCraig (1:2) slightly thickened below, reddish-brown, dark-
Bo. simple, sometimes caespitose, light green; Tub. tipped ; FI.2cm lg., Pet. greenish-cream, sometimes
rounded-conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. woolly at first; bordered slightly pink; Fr.2.5cm lg., red, clavate:
Rsp. 6-9, the upper ones 3-5 mm lg., acicular, the S. light brown.—Mexico (Sonora, Las Bocas).
lower ones 9-15 mm lg., stouter; Csp. 1, 1.5 cm lg.,
stout, straight, thickened below; Sp. brownish- M. boedekerianaQuehl (3:1,3:7)

258
 MAMMILLARIA

Bo. spherical to elongated, to 7 cm h. (more if lg., lighter below; FI. to 11 mm lg., 1.5 cm br.
grafted), 4 cm 0 , dark green; Tub. ± cylindric; (Baja California, Magdalena).
Isp. 8:13; Ax. naked; Rsp. 20 and more, 1cm lg.,
white (sometimes with a yellowish gloss); Csp. 3-4, M. brauneanaBod. (1:3)
8-13mm lg., acicular, light brown, dark-tipped, the Bo. mostly simple, later stoutly clavate, greyish-
lowest one hooked; FI. to 3 cm lg.; Pet. pinkish- green, to 8 cm 0 ; Tub. broadly pyramidal; Isp.
brownish in the middle, bordered brownish- 21:34; Ax. white-woolly, with contorted white Br.;
yellow; Fr. red; S. black.—Mexico (San Luis Rsp. 25-30, c. 5 mm lg., white, hair-like; Csp. 2-4,
Potosí). 5-7 mm lg., + subulate, reddish, black-tipped,
later horn-coloured; FI.1.3 cm lg., violet-red; Fr.c.
M. bogotensis Werd.: M am m illaria Columbiana v. 1.2 cm lg., carmine; S. dark brown.—Mexico
bogotensis(Werd.) Backbg. (Tamaulipas, Jaumave).

M. bombycinaQuehl (3:1, 3:7) M. bravoaeCraig (1:3)

Bo. simple or more strongly caespitose, elongated, Bo. spherical, mostly simple, glossy, light grass-
light green, to 20 cm h., 6 cm 0 ; Tub. conical to green, to 6.5 cm h. and 0 ; Tub. conical, keeled
cylindric; Isp. 11(7):18; Ax. very woolly, some­ below; Isp. 13:21; Ax. with wool and Br.; Rsp.
times with 1 Br.: Rsp. 30-40, 2-10 mm lg., white; 28-30, 4-7 mmlg., acicular, white; Csp.2, 6-8 mm
Csp. 2-4, the lower one hooked, 2 cm lg., the lg., thin-subulate, straight, cream to light
other(s) 0.7-1 cm lg., rather thin, white to yellow, brownish-pink, blackish above; FI.1cm lg. and 0 ,
tipped + brownish-red; FI. 1.5 cm lg. and 0 , Pet. Pet. deep pink, M.-stripe darker; Fr.carmine, 1.5
light carmine, with a darker middle; Fr. whitish, cm lg.; S. light brown.—Mexico (Guanajuato, Rio
clávate; S. black, small.—Mexico (Coahuila; San Blanco).
Luis Potosí).
M. bucareliensisCraig (1:2)
M. bonavitii Schmoll: not validly described; Bo. Bo. flattened-spherical, bluish to greyish-green, 5
hemispherical, to 6 cm h., 8 cm 0 ; Tub. rounded; cm h., 9 cm 0 ; Tub. acutely 4-sided; Isp. 8:13,
Isp.?; sap. ?; Ar.more strongly woolly at first; Rsp. 13:21; Ax. white-woolly; Rsp. 3-5 (also 0), under
c. 16; Csp.to 6, longer and stouter; FI.?; Fr.18 mm 1 mm or to 5 mm lg., thin, whitish, broWn-tipped;
lg.. white below, greenish above; S. light brown.— Csp. 2-4, 0.5-4 cm lg., acicular to subulate, stiff,
Mexico (locality?). (Fig., “Die Cact.” V, Plate 251, light brown, black-tipped;FI. 1.5cmlg., 1.8cm0,
below). deep pink to purple; Fr.carmine, 1.5 cm lg.; S. light
brown.—Mexico (Guanajuato, Bucarel).
v. bicornuta Schmoll: FI. pale cream inside,
M. booliiLinds. (3:2, 5:9) M.-stripe pale green; Sep. entire (type:
Bo. + spherical, to 3.5 cm h., 3 cm 0 , also serriculate).—Mexico (Bucarel.)
caespitose; Tub. rounded; Isp. 5:8; Ax. woolly at
first, then glabrous; Rsp.-c. 20, acicular, white, 1.5 M. buchenauii Backbg. (3:1, 1:3)—Descr. Cact.
cm lg.; Csp. 1,subulate, 1.5-2 cm lg., very hooked, Nov. Ill :8,1963.
yellowish, with a darker tip; Fr.to 3 cm lg., orange; Bo. spherical to oblong, branching freely, dicho-
S. black.—Mexico (Sonora, San Pedro Bay). t'omously, to over 30 heads, single heads to 5 cm 0 ,
groups to c. 22 cm 0 , leaf-green; Tub. slender,
M. brandegeei(Coult.) Brand. (1:3) conical, 2-^4 mm h., sap watery; Isp. 13:21; Ax.
Bo. spherical to cylindric, dark green, to 9 cm 0 , woolly, weak at first, flowering zone with dense
later also caespitose; Tub.acutely 4-angled, conical white wool; Ar.glabrous; Rsp.to c. 30, to little over
above; Isp. 13:21; Ax. woolly, with occasional 1 mm lg.; Csp. (2-4-)5-6, scarcely longer than the
white Br.; Rsp. 8-10 and more, 7-10 mm lg., thin- Rsp.; all Sp. hyaline, minute but ± subulate,
acicular, whitish, tipped yellowish-brown or dar­ especially the Csp., these in particular being brown
ker: Csp. 2-3-|| to 2 cm lg., stiff, ± straight, below; FI. small, light reddish, 3^4 mm 0 ; Fr.
reddish-brown below, darker above; FI.8 mm lg., carmine, slender-clavate, c. 11 mm lg., to 3 mm 0 ,
greenish-yellow, M.-line red; Fr. light red; S. with FI. remains; S.light brown, spherical, only 0.5
brown.—Mexico (Baja California, San Jorge), mm lg.—Mexico (borders Puebla-Oaxaca, road
v. gabbii (Coult.) Craig: Tub. cylindric; Isp. Tehuacan-Oaxaca, in the upper part of W. cliff-
8:13; Rsp. to 16, shorter; Csp. mostly 1; FI. faces). Craig’s type-locality for M. crucigera may
small, yellowish-red.—Mexico (Baja California, refer to the above spec.
San Ignacio); In "Die Cact.”, VI:3895 I gave the provisional
v. magdalenensisSchwarz: not validly described; name: M. falsicrucigera (“false M. crucigera”) as
reputedly distinguished by Csp. 1-2, to 2.4 cm well as the diagnostic characters. In the meantime I

259
MAMMILLARIA

have learnt the identity of the discoverer, for whom acicular, light brown or reddish(-brown), variable;
I have now been able to name the spec. (Fig. 211.) FI. 8 mm lg., to 1.4 cm br., Pet. carmine-pink,
[Haage adds: Dr. Lau considers this name (M. greenish-white below; Fr. pink, c. 2 cm lg.; S. light
buchenauii) cannot be upheld since the plant is yellowish-brown.—Mexico (Queretaro, Guan­
indistinguishable from M. crucigera.] ajuato).
M. bullardiana (Gat.) Bod. (3:2, 5:9) M. calleana Backbg. (3:1, 3:7)
Bo. cylindric, to c. 12 cm lg,, 4 cm 0 , quite freely Bo. depressed-spherical, to c. 2.5 cm h., 6.5 cm 0 ,
offsetting, bluish to greyish-green; Tub. conical; dark green; Tub. cylindric; Isp. ?; Ax. weakly
Isp. ?; Ax. weakly woolly; Rsp. 20-30, 5-10 mm lg., woolly at first; Rsp. 22, light yellow, to 6 mm 1 g.;
acicular, white; Csp. 1, 1cmlg., hooked, brown, or Csp. 1, honey-coloured, to 1 cm lg., hooked; FI.
white and brown-tipped; FI. 2 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , white; Fr. and S. ?—Mexico (Hidalgo).
pale pink; Fr. 1.2 cm lg., scarlet; S. black.—Mexico
(Baja California, near La Paz). M. Candida Scheidw. (3:1, 1:2)
Bo. spherical at first, then elongated, pale bluish-
M. cadereytana n.nud. (name by F. Schmoll, green, to c. 14 cm 0 , also offsetting; Tub. cylindric;
Cadereyta) (3:1, 3:7) Isp. 13:21; Ax. with to 7 Br. as long as the Tub.;
Bo. elongated-spherical, dark green; R. fibrous; Rsp. over 50, to 9 mm lg., thin, white; Csp. 8-12,
Ax. with long Br.; Tub. in Isp. 13:21, cylindric, 4-7 mm lg., acicular, white, tipped brownish: FI.
soft; sap watery; Rsp. (15-)18(-22), hair-like, 2 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , dirty pink, borders white,
forming a web concealing the Bo., to somewhat serrate; S. black.—Mexico (San Luis Potosí),
over 1cm lg.; Csp. 4, reddish-brown, projecting, + v. rosea (SD.) K. Sch.: Csp. thinner, twice as
erect, or only 2, 1 of them basally thickened, long, pink at first; S. glossy, black, not wrinkled
hooked, c. 1.5 cm lg. or more; FI. small, white, (Shurly) as in the type.
margins entire; Sep. with a reddish centre; Fr. ?—
Mexico (Cadereyta). The Csp. are minutely rough. M. canelensis Craig (1:3)
Clearly a valid spec., closely related to M. pygmaea Bo. spherical, simple, yellowish-green; Tub. round­
but with white Pet., Csp. brownish-red and Rsp. ed; Isp. 13:21; Ax. quite strongly white-woolly,
usually more numerous. with long white Br.; Rsp. 22-25, 5-15 mm lg., thin-
acicular, white; Csp. 2-4, to 3 cm lg., stoutly
M. cadereytensis Craig (1:1 or 1:3) acicular, + straight, orange-yellow; FI. 1,8 cm lg..
Bo. spherical, simple, branching dichotomously, 1.5 cm 0 , light greenish-yellow; Fr. ?—Mexico
also elongated, to 11 cm h., 8.5 cm 0 , dark greyish- (Chihuahua-Sonora). For the so-called “red-
green; Tub. pyramidal, keeled below; Isp. 13:21; flowered M. canelensis” (Schwarz) see under M.
Ax. weakly woolly, with up to 10 Br.; Rsp. c. 30, floresii v. hexacentra.
3-5 mm lg., white; Csp. to 6,4-10 mm lg., subulate,
chalky-white, black-tipped; FI. ? Fr. scarlet, 1.5 cm M. capensis (Gat.) Craig (3:2, 5:9)
lg.; S. reddish-brown.—Mexico (Queretaro, Cad­ Bo. cylindric, later offsetting from the base, to 25
ereyta; Guanajuato). cm lg., olive-green, 3-5 cm 0 ; Tub. ovoid-
v. quadrispina Craig: Csp. only 4, thinner; Tub. cylindric; Isp. 5:8; Ax. glabrous, but sometimes
more slender and Sp. thus appearing denser. with 1-3 Br.; Rsp. 13(—16), 8-15mm lg., acicular;
Csp. 1, 1.5-2 cm lg., porrect, hooked, stoutly
M. caerulea Craig (1:3) acicular; Sp. varying from white to darker, tipped
Bo. spherical, simple, dark bluish-green, to 12 cm reddish-brown or blackish, sometimes thickened
h., 6 cm 0 ; Tub. 4-sided below, pyramidal and below; FI. bellshaped to funnelform, c. 2.5 cm 0 ,
rounded above; Isp. 13:21; Ax. woolly at first, with pale pink, Pet. also with a darker M.-stripe; Fr.
occasional Br.; Rsp. 18-20, 1-5 mm lg., + bristly, scarlet-orange, 2 cm lg.; S. black.—Mexico (Baja
thin, white; Csp. (3—)4( 6), 8-10 mm lg., acicular, California, Puerto de Bahia de los Muertos).
thickened below, dark brown, later more chalky
reddish-brown; FI. and Fr. ?—Mexico (Coahuila, M. caput-medusae O.: Mammillaria sempervivi v.
Saltillo). caput-medusae (O.) Backbg.

M. calacantha Tieg. (1:2) M. carmenae Castan. & Nun. de Cac. (3:1,

Bo. spherical, eventually rather stoutly cylindric, 1:2)
light green, grafted plants to 30 cm h., 10 cm 0 ; Bo. spherical to ovoid and elongated, 5-8 cm lg..
Tub. ± 4-sided; Isp. 13:21; Ax. woolly at first; Ar. also caespitose; Tub. conical, whitish-green below:
more strongly woolly at first; Rsp. 25-35, 5-7 mm Isp. ?; Ax. with white wool and white Br.; Rsp.
lg., thin, pale yellow; Csp. 2-A, 1-1.5 cm lg., stiffly over 100, 5 mm lg., white or light yellow; Csp. 0.
260
 MAMMILLARIA

replaced by fine hairlets; FI. 1.1 cm lg. and 0 , crowded; Ax. with sparse white wool; Ar. oval,
■hite, tinged delicate pink; Fr. 6 mm lg., greenish- 2.5 x 1.5 mm; Rsp. 20-25, hyaline or yellowish,
white; S. black.—Mexico (Tamaulipas, Jaumave). tipped brown, radiating; Csp. 4-9, to 12 mm lg.,
lower ones 6-10 mm, straight, sometimes 3 lower
M. carnea Zuce. (1:2) ones hooked, red, tipped brown to black; Csp.
Bo. spherical to cylindric, to 10 cm h., light to dark always feathery; FI. borne in coronets from
green, also caespitose; Tub. pyramidal, angular; February to May, 1.7-1.9 cm lg., bellshaped, not
Isp. 8 :13; Ax. yellow-woolly; Rsp. 0 or 1-2 Br.; scented, yellowish-green below, pink above; style
Csp. 4(— 5), unequal, the bottom one 1.5-4 cm lg., white, passing over to pinkish-violet above; Fr.
the others 0.6-2 cm lg., flesh-coloured, black- pale pink below, brown to olive-green above; S.
‘. pped; FI. pink, dark-tipped, throat pale green; Fr. brown.—Mexico (State Mexico, near Calderon, at
red, 2.5 cm lg.; S. light brown.—Mexico (Hidalgo; 1700-1900m).
Guerrero; Puebla; Oaxaca),
v. aeruginosa (Scheidw.) Gürke: 3 upper Sp. M. centricirrha Lem. (1:2)
equal, the bottom one much longer, straight or Bo. spherical, more broadly-spherical at first, of
recurved; various shades of green, mostly to 12(— 20) cm 0 ,
v. cirrosa (SD.) Gürke: the top Sp. and the later offsetting; Tub. 4-angled, broadly based: Ax.
bottom one more strongly twisted (tendril-like), woolly; Isp. 5:8 (always?); Rsp. mostly 4-6; Csp.
purple at first, later flesh-coloured; 1(—2); Sp. very variable in number and length,
v. subtetragona (Dietr.) Backbg.: Tub. in­ similarly the wool in the Ar. and Ax.; FI. 2.5 cm lg.,
distinctly angular; Sp. (2—3— ) 4(-6), concolorous deep carmine, sometimes with a darker centre; Fr.
blackish-brown, or whitish with only the tip and carmine, clavate, 1.5 cm lg.; S. yellow to brown.—
base blackish-brown; Sti. light pink (green to Mexico. Because of the extreme variability, this
pale yellow in the type). plant appears under many names in the literature,
most being scarcely identifiable nowadays. The
M. carretii Reb. (3:2, 5:9) following can be distinguished:
Bo. spherical to elongated, dark green, to 6 cm 0 , v. bockii K. Sch.: Tub. smaller, greyish-green,
¿ter offsetting; Tub. cylindric, firm; Isp. 8:13; Ax. clearly angular; Rsp. mostly 4; Csp. 1-2, robust,
glabrous; Rsp. c. 14, to 13 mm lg., yellow, brown 1 fairly long, + curving, blackish-brown at first,
^bove; Csp. 1, porrect, hooked, to 16 mm lg., later lighter;
chestnut-brown; FI. 2.5 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 or v. glauca (Dietr.) Schelle: Rsp. more strongly
■ tmewhat more, perfumed, Pet. whitish with a pink curving; FI. lighter;
M.-stripe; Fr. slender, green, reddish above; S. v. neumanniana (Lem.) Schelle: Csp. fine, short,
-rown.—Mexico (Nuevo León). acicular to subulate, straight;
v. versicolor (Scheidw.) Schelle: Sp. very robust,
M. casoi H. Bravo (1:3) mostly bent downwards (transitional to M.
Bo. spherical; Tub. 4-sided; Isp. 13:21; Ax. woolly, gladiata Mart.).
•■ith Br.; Rsp. 5-8, shortly subulate, white; Csp. Often erroneously combined with the creamy-
3—H—5), subulate, variable, short to very long, white flowering M. magnimamma Haw. non O.,
mostly + curving, to 6 cm lg., the shortest ones which is rather variable but not so conspicuously so
—10 mm lg., reddish-brownish, later + white; Fi. as M. centricirrha, the latter being readily differen­
purple; S. brownish.^Mexico (Oaxaca, Suchix- tiated by the ± carmine FI.
tlahuaca).
M. cerralboa (Br. & R.) Ore. (3:1, 2:6)
M. celsiana Lem. (2:1) Bo. elongated, to 15 cm h., 6 cm 0 , simple,
Bo. spherical to cylindric, to 12 cm h., 8 cm 0 , yellowish-green; Tub. conical; Isp. ?; Ax. glab­
r uish-green, also offsetting from the base; Tub. rous; Rsp. 10, 1 cm lg., thin-acicular, yellowish;
conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. white-woolly at first; Rsp. Csp. 1, c. 2 cm lg., porrect, acicular, straight or
24-30, 6-8 mm lg., thin-acicular; Csp. 4-6, 8-14 hooked; FI. 1 cm lg.; colour?—Mexico (Cerralbo
mm lg., the lowest one to 3 cm lg.. pale to dark Is., Gulf of California).
dlow, brown-tipped; FI. 11 mm lg., pink to flame
:r carmine; Fr. red; S. light brownish.—Mexico M. chapinensis Eichl. & Quehl: Mammillaria
from San Luis Potosí to Oaxaca). woburnensis Scheer.

M. centraliplumosa Fittk. M. chavezii Cowper 1963 (syn. M. orestera)

Bo. cylindric, simple or offsetting from the base, to Bo. spherical, 2-3 cm h., 3-4 cm 0 , simple or
15 cm h., 4.4 cm 0 , dark green, crown rounded; caespitose; Tub. bluish-green, conic, not angular, c.
Tub. cylindric-conic, 6-9 mm lg., 7-8 mm br. below, 7 mm lg., obtuse, not slack or soft, in Isp. 8:13; Ar.
261
MAMMILLARIA

5-7 mm apart, round, cream or orange, with a little tipped; FI. to 2 cm lg., pinkish-red, M.-stripe
white wool only in the crown, later glabrous; Ax. darker; Fr. carmine, to 2.5 cm lg.; S. brown.—
sometimes with fine white Br., otherwise glabrous; Mexico (Puebla, Esperanza).
sapwatery; fleshpale pink at the base of the plant,
R. deeper pink; Sp. not concealing the Bo.; Rsp. M. collinsii(Br. & R.) Ore. (1:3)
20-22, thin, straight, stiff, silvery-white, sometimes Bo. spherical, to over 6 cm 0 , often suffused
tinged reddish-brown, covered with a fine white reddish, offsetting and sometimes forming mats:
down, this here more clearly visible than on the Tub.conical-cylindric; Isp.8:13; Ax. white-woolly,
Csp., spreading fairly evenly, those in the crown with Br. often longer than the Tub.; Rsp.7, 5-7 mm
erect, later projecting, c. 5-7 mm lg., lower ones lg., acicular, yellow below, dark above; Csp. 1, to
mostly weaker and rather shorter than the upper 8 mm lg., porrect, dark brown; FI. 1.5 cm lg.,
ones, lower ones never coloured, mostly bristly; pink, Pet. bordered yellowish; Fr. deep red,
Csp. 1, 1-1.25cm lg., stiffly acicular, erect, strongly 2 cm lg.: S. light brown.—Mexico (Oaxaca, San
hooked when young, those in the crown white Jeronimo).
below, to light reddish-brown at the tip, later
concolorous matt reddish or greyish-brown, cov­
ered with fine white down which is scarcely visible M. colonensisCraig (3:1, 2:6)
to the naked eye; FI.around the crown, bellshaped, Bo. broadly spherical, 6-7 cm 0 , c. 5 cm h.,
1.5 cm lg. and 0 ; Sep.5-6 mm lg., lanceolate, light greyish-green, sometimes offsetting; Tub. conical;
green, with a narrow white ciliate border, strongly Isp. 8:13; Ax. glabrous, but with 8-10 white Br.;
recurved; Pet. pale pink or cream, with a pale Rsp. c. 15, 6-7 mm lg., thin, white, orange below;
carmine M.-stripe, this broader and olive-green on Csp. 1-4 (only 1 at first), 1-3 mm lg., the bottom
the underside, linear-lanceolate, borders densely one to 7 mm lg. and often hooked, or all straight;
ciliate, Pet. c. 1 cm lg., 1.5-2.5 mm br., larger ones FI. 2.3 cm lg., cream, M.-stripe narrow, pink; Fr.
with 2 separate, light red longitudinal stripes and S. ?—Mexico (Guerrero, Colonia).
instead of a M.-stripe; Ov. smooth, glabrous, vivid
green; Fil. c. 4-5 mm lg., densely swirling, light M. Columbiana SD. (3:1,1:3)
pink; An. light orange; stylec. 1cm lg., stout, light Bo. cylindric, caespitose; Ax. woolly (especially in
green; Sti.5, 1-2 mm lg., deeper in colour than the the flowering zone); Isp.?; Rsp. 18—20(— 24), white;
style.—USA (New Mexico, among grass in a rocky Csp. 4-5, golden-brown, thickened below; FI.
valley near Tyrone). Named for Don Epifanio red.—Colombia (probably Candellaria Desert,
Chavez, discoverer of the plant. 1200 m).
v. albescens W. Haage & Backbg. n.v.:
M. chionocephalaJ. A. Purp. (1:1 or 1:3) To 22 cm lg., later developing a whitish crown
Bo. spherical, bluish-green, to 12 cm h. and 0 , (wool and lighter Sp.); Rsp.20-25; Csp.4; all Sp.
rarely offsetting; Tub. pyramidal, 4-angled, white- whitish to white, sometimes slightly brownish in
spotted ; Isp. 13:21; Ax. with much white wool and the crown at first.—Colombia (Villa de Leiva,
numerous H. 2 mm lg. (reduced Br.-H.?); Rsp. 2200 m);
22-24, to 8 mm lg., bristly, white; Csp.2-6,4-6 mm v. bogotensis (Werd.) Dugand (“Mutisia”,
lg., subulate, thickened below, dirty white to 9. 1954: Bo. to 20 cm lg.; Rsp.to 27-30, whitish:
brownish, tipped blackish; FI.to 22 mm lg., white Csp. almost always 6, yellowish, tipped brown­
to flesh-coloured; Fr. dark carmine, to 2.2 cm lg.; ish, or concolorous yellow; FI. red.—Colombia
S. light brown.—Mexico (Coahuila, Sierra de (Sogamoso, 1200 m).—See also M. soehleman-
Parras; Monterrey; Durango). nii.

M. coahuilensis (Bod.) Moran: Mammillaria M. compressaDC. (1:3)

schvvartzii(Fric) Backbg. Bo. spherical, later freely offsetting to form
hemispherical cushions, light bluish to greyish-
green, individual heads later elongated, to 20 cm
M. coahuilensis v. albiflora (Bod.) Moran: Mam- lg., 5-8cm 0 ;Tub.obtusely angled; Isp.8:13;Ax.
millariaalbiarmataBod. white-woolly, with stout white Br.; Rsp. (2— )4—6,
2-7 cm lg., acicular to subulate, often angular,
M. collina J. A. Purp. (3:1, 1:2) sometimes contorted, varying from white to
Bo. spherical to oblong, greyish-green, mostly reddish, later grey, brown-tipped; sometimes also
simple; Tub. cylindric; Isp. 13:21; Ax. woolly at 1-3 very short Ssp.; Csp. 0; FI.to 1.5cm lg., deep
first; Rsp. 16-18, 1-5 mm lg., thin, white; Csp. purple, border lighter; Fr. light red, 2 cm lg.; S.
l(-2), 5-8 mm lg., rather stiffly acicular, thickened light brown.—Mexico (San Luis Potosí to Quer-
below, greyish brown, lighter below, darker- étaro).
262
 MAMMILLARIA

Very variable, hence the names v. brevispina, Rsp. 7-8, 4-12 mm lg., stiff to flexible, somewhat
fulvispina, longiseta, rubrispina, triacantha. But thickened below, golden-brown; Csp. (1 )2(—3),
there are also intermediates. 1-2 cm lg., thin-acicular, stiff, thickened below,
golden-brown; FI.bellshaped, to 2 cm lg., to 1.5 cm
M. confusa(Br. & R.) Ore. (1:3) 0 , deep pink, M.-line dark; Fr. red, 1.2 cm lg.; S.
Bo. broadly spherical, light greyish to olive-green, light brown.—Mexico (Chihuahua-Sonora).
simple or branching dichotomously, heads to 15 cm
h.. 10 cm 0 ; Tub. dark green at first, ± 4-sided, M. criiuformisDC. (3:1, 1:3)
keeled below; Isp. 8:13; Ax. white-woolly, with Bo. offsetting from below, light green; Tub. soft,
10-12 Br. which are longer than the Tub.; Rsp.4-6, ovoid to oblong; Isp. ?; Ax. + glabrous; Rsp.
5-30 mm lg., acicular to stouter, black at first, then 8-10, 8 mm lg., bristly, thin, hairy, white; Csp. 1,
light brownish and dark-tipped; Csp. mostly hooked, stiff, yellow to pink, porrect; FI.to 1.6cm
0 (-1-2, and then robust); FI. to 2 cm lg., pale lg.; Fil.and stylepink; Fr. ?; S. black(?).—Mexico
greenish-white to greenish-yellow; Fr.red, 2 cm lg.; (Hidalgo).
S. light brown.—Mexico (Oaxaca),
v. centrispina Craig: Rsp. 4-6, to 1.5 cm lg.,
straight or curving; Csp. 1-2, strongly subulate, M. crinitaDC. (3:1,3:7)
to 2.5 cm lg., sometimes bent; Bo.spherical, to 4cm 0 , sometimes offsetting, dull
v. conzattii(Br. & R.) Craig: Rsp. only, 4-5, to 9 greyish-green; Tub.soft, ovoid to oblong, circular;
mm lg., not stout; Isp. 8:13; Ax. naked; Rsp. 15-20, 16-18 mm lg.,
v. longispina(only a name?): Csp. 1, ± curving, bristle-like, hairy, white; Csp. 4-5, 12-15 mm lg.,
very long; thin-acicular, hairy, yellow, + hooked; FI. 1.6cm
v. robustispina Craig: Rsp. only, 4-5, stoutly lg., white to yellowish or creamy-pink, M.-line
acicular to stoutly subulate. pink; Fr. reddish, 1.4 cm lg.; S. black.—Mexico
M. confusa and varieties may all be referable, as (Hidalgo, Zimapan).
additional varieties, to Mammillaria collinsii (Br.
& R.) Ore. M. crispisetaCraig (1:3)
Bo. flattened-spherical, simple, dark green, to 8.5
M. conspicuaJ.A. Purp. (3:1, 1:5) cm 0 ;Tub. pyramidal, angular above; Isp. 13:21;
Bo. spherical to cylindric, greyish-green, simple, to Ax. with long contorted Br.; Rsp. 8,4-7 mm lg.,
14 cm lg., 10 cm 0 ; Tub. conical to obtusely 4- thin-acicular, white, brown-tipped; Csp. 4-5, 7-18
angled; Isp. ?; Ax. with wool or curly H .; Rsp. mm lg., acicular, pink to brown or black, dark-
16-25, to 6 mm lg., bristly, thin, white; Csp. 2, c. 1 tipped; FI. ?; Fr. carmine, 1.5 cm lg.; S. light
cm lg., stoutly acicular, straight to ± curving, brown.—Mexico (Queretaro?).
white, tipped brown, reddish-brown at first; FI.
pink, with a darker centre; Fr. carmine; S. light M. crocidataLem. (1:2)
brown.—Mexico (Puebla, Zapotitlan). Craig’s Bo.spherical to oblong, dark bluish-green, to 10cm
report: “Br. in the Ax.’’ is incorrect, and con­ h., 7-8 cm 0 , sometimes caespitose; Tub. pyr­
tradicts the description of Purpus. amidal, 4-sided at first, then rounded; Isp. 13:21;
Ax. only woolly; Rsp. 2-4, 8-17 mm lg., stoutly
acicular to slender-subulate, pinkish-white, tipped
M. cowperae Shurly (3:1, 3:7)
Bo.spherical to elongated, simple, deep green, then dark purple to black, sometimes with additional
hair-like Sp.; Csp. 0; FI. bellshaped, 1.5 cm lg.,
greyish-green, to 10 cm 0 , c. 11 cm h.; Tub.
rounded; Isp. 13:21; Ax. weakly felty at first, then carmine, M.-line purple; Fr. light pink, to 1.8 cm
glabrous; Rsp. 40-50, 7-9 mm lg., acicular, white; lg.; S. light brown.—Mexico (Hidalgo, Queretaro).
Csp. 8-10, thickened below, central one to 2 cm lg.
or more, hooked, one lower Sp. similarly, some­ M. crucigeraMart. (2:1)
what shorter, the remainder straight, cream to Bo. cylindric or obovoid, offsetting; Tub. light
yellow to reddish-brown; FI. bellshaped, 2 cm lg., green, conical, 5mm lg.; Ax. woolly; Csp. 4(-6)at
1.5 cm 0 , Pet.white with a pale pink M.-stripe; Fr. first, yellowish, surrounded by a crown of Br.; FI.
whitish to pale green; S. black.—Mexico (Zac­ (acc, Martius) as large as that of M. sphacelata (1.5
atecas). cm lg.); Sti. purple.—Mexico (no locality given).
Taken from the original description of Martius.
The radial Br. are c. 3.7 mm lg., the Csp. at first
M. craigiiLinds. (1:2) cruciform. Acc. Pfeiffer, the spec, belongs within
Bo. simple or branching dichotomously, light the complex of M. elegans. Little more can be
yellowish to greyish-green; Tub. 4-sided, angular gleaned from the original etching. The inadequacy
above; Isp. 13:21; Ax. somewhat white-woolly; of the description has led to confusion (viz.
263
 MAMMILLARIA

Bódeker, whose M. crucígera he later called M. is not identical with M. densipina. This may be M.
pseudocrucigera Bod. non Craig, which I in turn eschanzieri Ore., non (Coult.) Vpl., incorrectly
had to re-name M. neocrucigera Backbg., since written as “Chilita eschauzieri Ore.”, named M.
Craig’s name was a valid one). An unclarified spec., esshausieri by Fric, but not from the hook-spined
and it is not certain that later supplementary “Cactus eschanzieri Coult.” At any rate, Fric’s
descriptions in fact refer to it. plant also resembled M. densispina. There is no
valid description of this second spec,
M. dawsonii (Hought.) Craig: Mammillaria glar-
eosaB5d. M. denudata(Eng.) Berg. (3:1, 1:2)
Bo.spherical, to 4 cm 0 and h., hidden beneath the
M. dealbataDietr. (2:1) Sp.; Tub. in Isp. 13:21; Sp. 50-80, 3-5 mm lg.,
Bo. spherical to shortly cylindric, bluish-green, hairless, white; FI.white, to 1.2cmlg.,c. 1.5 cm 0;
densely spiny; Tub. slender; Isp. ?; Ax. densely Fil. white (in M. lasiacantha: yellow to pale
woolly at first; Rsp. c. 20(-26), white short, lavender, Sti. yellowish-green); Sti. white.—USA
appressed; Csp.2, stouter, to 1 cm lg., white, dark- (Texas), N. Mexico (Coahuila).
tipped; FI. small, carmine; Fr. red; S. brown.—
Mexico. M. diacentraJac. (1:2)
Bo. spherical, dark green, to 8.5 cm 0; Tub. ovoid
M. deherdtiana Farwig or pyramidal; Isp, 13 Ser.; Ax. woolly at first; Rsp.
Bo. depressed-spherical, 4.5 cm 0, 2.5 cm h., (3—)5( 6), 5-10 mm lg., stout, + yellowish-white
simple, with watery sap; R. thick-fibrous; Tub. in with a reddish or brown tip; Csp.2, subulate, one c.
Isp. 8:13, conical, to 10 mm lg., mid-green; Ax. 12 mm lg., the other to 3 cm lg., both reddish-
with little wool, sometimes naked; Ar. oval, 4 mm brown, tipped black; FI. 1 cm lg., 1.7 cm 0,
lg., 2 mm br., white-felty; Rsp. 33-36, acicular, 3-6 pinkish-white, M.-line reddish; Fr.purple, 2 cm lg.;
mm lg., lower ones longer, stouter; Sp.light yellow S. light brown.—Mexico.
at first, later white, sometimes tipped + reddish-
brown ;Csp. 1-6, sometimes absent, variable, 3-5
mm lg., light to dark reddish-brown; FI. fun- M. dioicaK. Brand. (3:2, 5:9)
nelform, to 5 cm 0; Tu. to 20 mm lg., flesh- Bo. cylindric, bluish-green, to 33 cm h., 10 cm 0 ,
coloured, with small olive-green Sc.; Sep.to 10 mm offsetting from the base; Tub. shortly cylindric,
lg., lanceolate, bordered flesh-colour, greenish in firm; Isp.8:13; Ax. + woolly, with 5-15 Br. almost
the centre; Pet.to 23 mm lg., 4 mm br., lanceolate, as long as the Tub.; Rsp. 11-22, 5-7 mm lg.,
light pinkish-violet, with a dark M.-stripe and tip; acicular, white to pink, dark-tipped; Csp. 1-4, 8-15
stylewhite, with 4 Sti., white passing over to light mm lg., the bottom one longest, hooked, all
violet; Fr. spherical, 3-4 mm 0, light green; S. brownish to brownish-black; FI. bellshaped to
dark brownish-black, 2 mm lg., 1mm br., pitted.— funnelform, to 3 cm lg., incompletely dioecious,
Mexico (Oaxaca, on the road between Nejapa, cream, M.-line purple; Fr.scarlet, to 2.5 cm lg.; S.
Inquila Mixes and Lachiguiri). Closely related to black.—USA (S. California) to Mexico (Baja
the Sect. Phellosperma. First discovered by Fr. California, S. tip and several islands). Variable,
Schwarz, and named for Cyriel de Herdt, the well- also in St.-length, and Fr. size; FI. frequently not
known Belgian nurseryman. dioecious.

M. deliusiana Shurly: Mammillaria bellaBackbg. M. discolorHaw. (3:1, 1:3)

Bo. broadly subspherical, to 18 cm h., 13 cm 0
M. densispina(Coult.) Vpl. (3:1, 1:3) (Riimpler); Tub. ovoid to conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax.
Bo.spherical to elongated, to 10 cm 0 and h.; Tub. weakly woolly to glabrous; Rsp. 16-20, to lemig.,
conical; Isp.8:13; Ax. woolly at first; Rsp. 20-25, thin, white; Csp. 6(—8), 1 cm lg., and more, colour
8-13 mm lg., thin, white to yellow, later darker; variable, from light to yellow to black, or dark-
Csp. 5-6, 10-20 mm lg., stiffly acicular, white tipped, ± curving; FI. 2 cm lg., 1.6 cm 0, white
below, rarely dark with a lighter zone above, with a pink M.-line; Fr. reddish-brownish, 2.5 cm
usually yellow to brownish-red above, sometimes lg.; S. brown.—Mexico (Puebla).
tipped blackish; FI. 2 cm lg., 1 cm 0, sulphur-
yellow; Fr. red; S. reddish-brown.—Mexico (San M. dixanthocentron Backbg. (1:2)—Descr. Cact.
Luis Potosí, Querétaro; Guanajuato). Quehl’s Nov. Ill: 8. 1963,
name, M. pseudofuscata, referred to material from Bo. columnar, simple, green, to 20 cm h., c. 7(-8)
San Luis Potosí, where Coulter’s material also cm 0 ; Tub. conical, c. 6 mm lg., sap semi-milky;
originated; the names are thus synonyms. There is Isp.13:21; Ax.with curly grey wool; Ar.with weak
also a very similar but slower-growing plant which brownish to white felt at first; Rsp. c. 19-20, thin-
264
 MAMMILLARIA

subulate, 2-4 mm lg., white; Csp. 2(— 4), one above M. duinetorumJ. A. Purp. (3:1, 1:2)
the other or cruciform, the top one erect, c. 5 mm Bo. spherical, greyish-green, to 2.5 cm 0 , caes-
lg., the lower one projecting to directed down­ pitose, taprooted; Tub. cylindric; Isp. 8:13; Ax.
wards, to c. 1.5 cm lg., both light at first, becoming glabrous; Rsp. 40-60, to 4 mm lg., appressed,
horn-coloured or whitish tipped horn-colour; FI. white, bristly, hairy; Csp. 0; FI. 1.2 cm lg. and 0 ,
light red; Fr.2 cm lg., slender, yellow below, orange white, M.-line reddish; Fr. scarlet, to 2 cm lg.,
above.—Mexico (Arroyo Verde, c. 30 km S. of the spherical to clavate; S. black. USA (Texas; SE.
type-locality of M. buchenauii). (Fig. 212, left). The New Mexico (N. Chihuahua). Often incorrectly
semi-milky sap is under considerable pressure and called M. schiedeana.
if the epidermis is pierced it rapidly appears in
considerable quantities; I have indeed seen it spurt M. duoformisCraig & Daws. (2:3)
out in a jet c. 3 cm lg. The sap is slightly sticky and Bo. cylindric, dark bluish-green, to 9 cm h., 3.5 cm
hardens only slowly. 0 , sometimes caespitose; Tub.conical; Isp. 13:21;
Ax. bristly; Rsp. 18-20, to 7 mm lg., pale yellow,
M. dodsomi H. Bravo soon becoming chalky; Csp. 4, to 12 mm lg.,
Bo. depressed-spherical, simple, to 4 cm br. and 3 slightly thickened and brownish-pink below,
cm h., sap watery; Tub.in 5-8 spiralled R., conical, tipped black, the bottom Sp. longest and darker,
5 mm lg.; Ax. glabrous; Ar. round, 1 mm lg., with straight or hooked; FI. bellshaped, 1.5 cm lg., 1.2
white wool at first; Rsp.20-21, hyaline, upper ones cm 0 , light carmine; Fr.brownish-pink, 1.8 cm lg.;
c. 1 cm lg., lower ones to 18 mm, sharp, ± S.brown.—Mexico (Puebla ; Guerrero),
appressed, twisted inwards; Csp. (3—)4— 5, cruci­ v. rectiformis Craig & Daws.: differentiated by
form, stouter than the Rsp., upper ones 1 cm lg., the Sp. all being straight, never hooked.—
lower ones to 2 cm; FI. c. 4 cm 0 when open; Pet. Mexico (Puebla, Tehuitzingo).
acute, purple; Sep. lanceolate; style pale purple, Possibly belongs to the complex around M.
with 4 Sti., overtopping the white Fil.; An. yellow; hamata.
Ov. concealed within the Bo.; S.black, 1.5 mm lg.,
with a corky basal hilum.—Mexico (N. of Oaxaca, M. durispinaBod. (3:1, 1:3)
Cerro de San Felipe del Agua, among moss and Bo. simple, spherical to elongated, dark green, to
ferns in clefts in the rocks, at 3000 m). Belongs to 20 cm h., 11 cm 0 ; Tub. conical; Isp.8:13, 21:34;
the SG. Phellosperma, Section Krainzia; very close Ax. woolly at first; Rsp. 6-9, the upper one to 15
to M. deherdtiana. but distinguished by the smaller mm lg., the others to 8 mm lg., rather stout; Csp.
number of spirals, fewer Rsp., more numerous Csp. seldom present; Sp. dark reddish-brown to black
and the round Ar. Named for J. W. Dodson, or horn-coloured at first, or flecked, or tipped
Curator of the Cactus and Succulent Botanical golden-brown; FI. 1.5 cm lg. and 0 , Pet. purplish-
Garden, Berkeley, Calif. pink, pale greenish-white below, with a dark M.-
line ; Fr.carmine, 2 cm lg.; S.pale yellow.—Mexico
M. dolichocentra Lem.: Mammillaria obconella (Guanajuato; Queretaro, near San Moran).
Scheidw.
M. dyckianaZucc. (2:1)
M. donatiiBerge (3:1, 1:3) Bo.mostly simple, to c. 6.5 cm h., 5 cm 0 , greyish-
Bo. spherical, light bluish-green, to 9 cm 0 , green to bluish-green; Tub. conical; Isp. ?; Ax.
sometimes offsetting; Tub.conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. woolly; Rsp. 16-18, stiff, white; Csp. 2, one
glabrous; Rsp. 16-18, 6-8 mmlg., thin, white; Csp. directed upwards, the other downwards, stouter,
2, to 1cm lg., stiffly acicular, dark brown; FI.to 1.5 horn-coloured, tipped reddish, to 1.5 cm lg.—
cm lg. and 0 , flame to carmine; Fr.red, to 1.5 cm Mexico. FI. believed to be light carmine.
lg.; S. brown.—Mexico (Puebla, Boca del Monte).
M. ebenacantha Shurly (without Latin diagnosis):
M. droegeana(Reb.) Hildm. (3:1, 1:4) Bo. broadly spherical; Tub. 4-angled; Rsp. only 4,
Bo.eventually columnar, to 8 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , dark black, subulate; Csp.0; FI.and Fr. ?—Mexico. (No
greyish-green, sometimes offsetting; Tub. mod­ further data available.)
erately firm, carinate below; Isp. 8:13; Ax.
glabrous; Rsp. 30, to 6 mm lg., pale yellow, darker M. egregiaBackbg. (3:1, 1:2)
below; Csp. 8-11, to 1 cm lg., stiffly acicular, dark Bo. spherical to elongated, to 5 cm h. and 0 ; Tub.
reddish-brown; FI. 1 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , white conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. woolly; Rsp. to c. 50,
flushed pink, M.-line pink; Fr. light yellowish- interlacing, white, sometimes pink at first, in
brownish, 2 cm lg.; S. light brown.—Mexico several Ser.; Csp. 0; FI. 11 mm lg., to 9 mm 0 ,
(Queretaro, Sierra de San Moran). olive-brownish to whitish; Fr. ?—Mexico.
265
MAMMILLARIA

M. eichlamiiQuehl (1:3) yellow felt; Rsp. c. 23, pectinate, directed

Bo. spherical, yellowish-green, to 25 cm lg., to 6 cm sideways, slightly recurved, the bases forming a
0 , mat-forming; Tub. conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. and light brownish ring around the Ar., c. 8 uppers
Ar.with yellow wool, later also with Br.; Rsp. 6, to blackish-red at first, 3 mm-6 mm lg., later all
7 mm lg., yellowish-white, dark-tipped; Csp. 1, 1 alike; Csp. 0; FI. small, Pet. broadly spatulate,
cm lg., brownish-red above; FI.2 cm lg., cream to yellowish-white, irregularly laciniate, opening
yellow; Fr. red; S. light brown.—Guatemala widely; Fil.,styleand Sti.creamy-white; Fr.and
(Sabanetas), Honduras. S.? Acc. W. Heinrich, the darkest variety known
to date, and thus clearly differentiated;
M. ekmaniiWerd. (1:2) v. rufocrocea(SD.) K. Sch.: Rsp. more shaggily
Bo.spherical to elongated, to 8 cm h., 6 cm 0 ;Tub. projecting, yellowish, tipped orange-brown;
conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. with much white wool; Csp. mostly 0, sometimes 1 (rarely 2); heads 2-3
Rsp. mostly 15, 7-10 mm lg., snow-white; Csp. cm 0 ;
(3—)4(—5), to 1.4 cm lg., whitish-yellow, tipped v. stella-aurata (Mart.) K. Sch.: Csp. only 1,
brownish-red, brownish and thickened below; FI. thinner, mostly over 1 cm lg., Rsp. and Csp.
and Fr. ?—W. Indies (Haiti, La Navasse Island). yellow, brown-tipped;
v. straminea hort,: Sp. straw-coloured to bril­
liant yellow; Csp. absent; heads to 2.2 cm 0 ;
M. elegansDC. (2:1) v. subcrocea (DC.) SD.: Sp. whitish-yellow,
Bo. simple, rather small, spherical, little over 5 cm tipped brown to flame, Csp. mostly absent;
0 ; Tub.ovoid; Isp.?; Ax.glabrous; Rsp.25-30, to heads 1.5-1.8cm0;
6 mm lg., white, appressed and interlacing; Csp. v. tenuis(DC.) K. Sch.: St.thin but erect, to 1.25
mostly 2, to 1 cm lg., stiff, white, tipped brown; FI. cm 0 ; only Rsp.present, closely appressed;
carmine; Fr. carmine, 2 cm lg.—Mexico (Federal v. viperina Backbg. non Marsh.: Sp. and St.-
District). thickness as in the preceding, but St. much
The following, which are often erroneously com­ elongated and later prostrate.
bined with the preceding, will here be treated
separately: M. acanthoplegma, dealbata, dyck-
iana, haageana, meissneri and supertexta. M. erectohamataBod. (3:1, 3:7)
Bo. + conical, leaf-green, to 6 cm 0 , offsetting
M. elongataDC. (3:1, 1:1) from below; Tub. cylindric; Isp. 13:21; Ax.
Bo. cylindric, offsetting from the base to form glabrous, bristly; Rsp. to 25, 7 mm lg., fine, white;
colonies, leaf-green, heads to 3.75 cm 0 , later Csp. 2(— 3), to 17 mm lg., stiffly acicular, nut-
sometimes prostrate; Tub. slender-conical; Isp. coloured to blackish-brown, later yellowish,
3:5, 5:8; Ax. weakly woolly to glabrous; Rsp.c. 20, golden-yellow below; FI. 1.8 cm 0 , pure white
to 8 mm lg., appressed, yellow; Csp. 0, rarely 1, inside; Fr.red, 1.2 cm lg.; S. dark brown.—Mexico
(San Luis Potosí).
scarcely longer; FI. to 1.5 cm lg., whitish to
yellowish; Fr. dirty red; S. light brown.—Mexico
(Hidalgo). M. eriacanthaLk. & O. (3:1, 1:3)
v. anguinea(O.) K. Sch.: Bo.long, stout; Rsp.to Bo. cylindric, to 15 cm h., 5 cm 0 , light emerald-
20,yellow, brown-tipped; Csp. always 1,darker green, sometimes caespitose; Tub. conical; Isp.
(close to v. echinaria); 8:13; Ax. woolly; Rsp. 20-25, 3-6 mm lg., finely
v. densa (Lk. & O.) Backbg.: Rsp. crowded, acicular, golden-yellow, hairy; Csp.2, 8-10 mm lg..
clearly projecting; Csp. 0-3-4, brilliant yellow golden-brown at first, hairy, stoutly acicular; FI.
(M. mieheana Bod. ?); 1.5 cm lg. and 0 , straw to canary-yellow; Fr.
v. echinaria(DC.)Backbg.: Bo.and Csp.stouter, greenish-white, orange or reddish, 1 cm lg.; S. +
latter fairly long, to 3, brownish above, heads to light yellow.—Mexico (Vera Cruz, Jalapa).
2.8 cm 0 ;
v. echinata(DC.) Backbg.: Csp. only 1,rarely 2, M. ernestiiFittk. 1971
to 1 cm lg., thin, brown-tipped; heads to only 2 Bo. simple, sometimes offsetting from the base, +
cm 0 ; cylindric, to 45 cm lg. and 6 cm 0 , taller plants
v. intertexta (DC.) SD: Rsp. + projecting, prostrate, rounded at the apex, dark green; Tub.
interlacing, yellowish; Csp.rarely present; heads conical, c. 9-11 mm lg., 6-9 mm thick below; Ax.
to 2-2.5 cm 0 ; and Ar. with sparse white wool, later glabrous:
v. obscuriorW. Heinr. n.v.: Rsp.5-11, 4-10 mm lg., straight or slightly curving,
Bo. light green, slender-cylindric, c. 1.8 cm 0 ; yellowish, tipped brown; Csp. 1, pointing obliquely
Tub. shortly conical; Isp. 5:8; Ar. very small, upwards, later ± appressed, 8-12 mm lg., straight
elliptic, scarcely 1 mm br., 1.5 mm lg., with slight or slightly curving; FI. in a coronet, c. 22 mm lg.

266
 MAMMILLARIA

I and 24 mm 0 ; Sep.yellowish-green; Pet.reddish; (a n.nud. of J. A. Purpus, 1914); Schmoll held the

istylewhite, with 4-6 yellowish-green Sti.;Fr.olive- view that it was identical with M. ochoterenae,
green above, salmon-coloured below, 13-25 mm which would be possible on the basis of Sp.-
jig.; S. light brown,—Mexico (La Puerta, characters. Perhaps only a form?
¡1200-1800 m). Related to M. matudae and M.
backebergiana. M. esserianaBod. (1:3)
Bo. spherical at first, later columnar, offsetting
M. erythrocalyxBuchenau from the flanks, to over 9 cm 0 , over 20 cm h.,
Bo. caespitose, forming groups, single heads 2-10 greyish-green, sometimes branching dichot-
Icm lg., 2.5 cm 0 ; R.fibrous; Tub.soft, hemispheri- omously; Tub. large, indistinctly polygonal; Isp.
Ical, acute; Isp.5:8 and 8:13; Ax.with 1-5 white Br. 13:21; Ax. with white wool and Br.; Rsp. to 10,
and a little wool; Ar.white-woolly, later glabrous; thin-acicular, white; Csp. 6, ± stoutly acicular,
Rsp. 16-20, 3-6 mm lg., white, ochre below; Csp. 0.7-1.5 cm lg., translucent, amber-coloured, tipped
4-7, 5-8 mm lg., straight, yellowish-white, tipped + dark reddish-brownish; FI. c. 1.2 cm 0 ,
red, bottom one sometimes hooked; FI. in a carmine; Fr. and S. ?—Mexico (Chiapas) to
Icoronet, 18-20 mm lg., bellshaped, red to reddish- Guatemala (?).
brown; Fr. 18 mm lg., reddish-brown; S. 1.2 mm
lg., cinnamon-coloured.—Mexico (Pueblo, S. of M. estanzuelensisMoll. (3:1, 1:3)
Chiautla at 1300 m, on black rocky ground, under Bo. subspherical or elongated, to 8 cm h. or more,
bushes and trees; soil with pH 6). Specific name to c. 6 cm 0 , light green, sometimes caespitose;
means “red-flowered”. Tub. conical; Isp. ?; Ax. + glabrous; Rsp.
numerous (pectinate, acc. Bod.), in several Ser., to
M. erythrospermaBod. (3:1, 3:7) 6 mm lg., acicular, glossy white; Csp. 0 (but
Bo. spherical to somewhat elongated, to 5 cm h., 4 apparently present in some specimens); FI. small,
cm 0 , dark green, quite freely offsetting; Tub. whitish.—Mexico (Durango?).
cylindric; Isp. 8:13; Ax. glabrous, with thin Br.;
Rsp. 15-20, 8-10 mm lg., very thin, hairy at first, M. estebanensisLinds. 1967
white, yellowish below; Csp. 13( 4), 1 cm lg., Bo. cylindric, forming groups; sap watery; Ax.
bottom one hooked, yellow, tipped reddish-brown; with wool and Br.; Isp. 13:21; Csp. 1, straight or
FI. 1.5 cm lg., carmine, border lighter; Fr. carmine, hooked, 4-15 mm lg., chestnut-brown, tipped
2 cm lg.; S. blackish-red.—Mexico (San Luis chocolate-colour; Rsp. 15-22, straight, to 10 mm
Potosí, Alvarez). lg., chestnut-brown or golden, fading to white; FI.
v. similis De Laet: Bo. smaller; Csp. often c. 20 mm 0 , white; stylewith 5-6 light green Sti.,
yellow; Rsp.shorter, hairy; FI.lighter. not spreading; Fr. clavate, 15-20 mm lg., red; S.
black, pitted.—Mexico (Baja California, Isla San
M. eschanzieri (Coult.) Vpl. non Ore., non Fric Esteban, in a broad inlet on the SE. side of the
(3:1,3:7) island). Belongs to the group around M. dioica, but
Bo. depressed-spherical, 3 cm h. or 0 , simple; Ax. this spec, is more robust than any others. Named
glabrous; Rsp. 15-20, 10-12 mm lg., dark-tipped; for the type-locality; collected by George E.
Csp. 1, 15-20 mm lg., thin, mostly hooked; all Sp. Lindsay in 1961.
hairy; FI. red(?) Fr. reddish; S. reddish
i-brown?).-Mexico (San Luis Potosí). M. evermanniana (Br. & R.) Ore. (1:1)
This spec, has never been re-collected, but the Bo.spherical to oblong, light green, to c. 5-7 cm 0 ,
description resembles that of M. monancistrac- sometimes off-setting; Tub.conical; Isp.13:21; Ax.
antha Backbg.; however the latter always has over woolly, with contorted Br.; Rsp. 12-15, 5-8 mm
20 Rsp.,2 Csp. develop later, one of these straight, lg., thin-acicular, white; Csp. 2-4, 1.2-1.5 cm lg.,
the other hooked, all Sp.hairy; FI.pale yellowish! stoutly acicular, reddish-brown at first, later white,
brown-tipped; FI. 1.5 cm lg., pinkish to purplish-
M. esperanzaensisBod. (3:1, 1:3) red in the middle, bordered greenish-cream; Fr.
Bo. spherical, to 8 cm 0 , deep green, offsetting red, 1 cm lg.; S. light brown.—Mexico (Baja
basally; Tub. cylindric to conical; Isp. 13:21(?); California and islands, Cerralbo Is.).
Ax. glabrous; Sp. “all hard, with a metallic
shimmer” (Bod.); Rsp. to 20, thin, light yellow; M. falsicrucigera Backbg.: provisional name, "Die
Csp. 4-7, the longest one pointing downwards, Cact.” VI, p. 3895: Mammillaria buchenauii
amber-coloured, darker at first; FI.2.5 cm 0 , white Backbg.
with a pink dorsal stripe.—Mexico (Puebla).
In his Comparative Key to the Mammillarias, M. fasciculataEng. (3:1,5:9)
Bodeker also gives the name M. fuscata-esperanza Bo.soon becoming columnar, to 8 cm 0 , offsetting
267
MAMMILLARE

to form colonies to 30 cm br,; Tub. cylindric to lg. and 5 mm 0 , brown, light pink below; S. large,
conical; Isp. 5:8; Ax. glabrous; Rsp. 13-20, 5-7 few, 1 mm 0 , testa very dark brown.—Mexico
mm lg., finely acicular, white, dark-tipped; Csp. (Jalisco, Lake Chapala: on rocks). Resembles M.
l(-3), to 1.8 cm lg., stiff, thin-acicular, hooked, monancistria Berg., but distinguished from this by
brownish to black; FI.3 cm lg., 2 cm 0 , white, M.- the naked Ax., the Sp. which are not hairy and
stripe carmine or purple; Fr. scarlet, 8 mm lg.; S. differ in number, and the colour of the style.
black.—USA (S. Arizona), Mexico (N. Sonora). Named for Hans Fittkau.
M. felicisSchreier n.prov. M. flavescens (DC.) Haw. non Zucc. non Hitch.
Bo. c. 20 cm h., 5 cm br.; Ri.notched, resembling ( 1 :2)
M. polyedra; Rsp.5-6, snow-white, tipped delicate Bo.spherical at first, then columnar, dark greenish,
brown, 3 cm lg.; bud pink; FI. resembling M. offsetting freely from the base; Tub. pyramidal;
nejapensis, creamy-white with a pink M.-stripe.— Isp.8:13, 13:21; Ax. woolly; Ar. with much white,
Mexico (Gulf of Tehuantepec). Named for its long-persisting, wool, crown completely woolly;
discoverer, Felix Krahenbiihl. Rsp, 8-10; Csp. 4(—5); Sp., especially the centrals,
rather long, thin-acicular, light to sulphur-yellow;
M. fera-rubraSchmoll (3:1, 1:3) FI.pale sulphur-yellow; Fr.red.—W. Indies,
Bo. simple, later elongated, to 10 cm h., 9 cm 0 , v. nivosa (Lk.) Backbg.: Bo. more spherical,
yellowish to greyish-green; Tub. 4-sided; Isp. olive-green, little offsetting; Fr. spherical to
13:21; Ax. shortly woolly; Rsp. 15-18, to 7 mm lg., clavate, bearing FI.-remains.
thin-acicular. white; Csp. 6(—7), 1.2 cm lg., stoutly
acicular, orange-brown, yellowish-brownish
below; FI. ?; Fr. scarlet, 2 cm lg.; S. brown.— M. flavicentra Backbg. (3:1,1:2 -l: 3)—Descr.
Mexico (Queretaro, San Lazaro). Cact. Nov. 111:8.1963.
Bo. simple, + clavate to cylindric-columnar,
M. fertilisHildm. (3:1, 1:3) greyish-green, to c. 18 cm h., c. 9-10 cm 0 ; crown
Bo. spherical to elongated, deep green, c. 5-6 cm flat, with white wool; Tub.pyramidal, c. 7 mm h., c.
0 , soon offsetting freely; Tub. slender-cylindric; 6 mm br. below, sap watery; Isp.21:34; Ax. with
Isp. 8:13; Ax. at first with laxly curly white wool; curly wool, Br. absent; Ar. glabrous; Rsp.c. 22-24,
Rsp. 8-10, 6 mm lg., thin, pale; Csp. 1-2, 1 cm lg., thin-acicular, c. 2-4 mm lg., hyaline; Csp. 4-6,
acicular, yellowish-brown, dark-tipped; FI. 1.8 cm thin-subulate, thickened below, c. 5-6 mm lg.,
lg., to 1.5 cm 0 , carmine; Fr. ?—Mexico. yellowish; Sp., especially the centrals, brown
below; FI. red, c. 3-4 mm 0 ; Fr. c. 1.5 cm lg.,
M. fischeriPfeiff. (1:3) whitish-greenish below, passing over into pink
Bo. subspherical, very little offsetting, dark green, above, thick-clavate; S. brown.—Mexico (on
to 12.5 cm 0 ; Tub. several-sided; Isp. ?; Ax. higher W. slopes, above the locality of M.
bristly; Rsp. 5-6, white, black-tipped, top and buchenauii). (Fig. 212, right.)
bottom Sp. elongated, bent, 1.25 cm and to 3.75 cm
lg., the others to 1 cm lg.; Csp. 0; FI. ?—Mexico M. flavihamata Backbg. (3:1, 3:7)
(border, Puebla-Oaxaca). Bo. hemispherical, simple, to 4.5 cm 0 ; Tub.
conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. glabrous; Rsp. to 35, to 5
M. fittkauiGlass & Foster mm lg., very thin, yellowish; Csp.c. 6(— 7), to 9 mm
Bo. cylindric, caespitose, c. 10 cm h., 4-5 cm 0 , lg., yellowish, thickened below, one Sp. hooked; FI.
light to dark yellowish-green, crown slightly 1.5 cm lg., 1.1 cm 0 , white; Fr. ?—Mexico
sunken; Tub. variable, round, 7 mm br. below, 5 (Aguascalientes).
mm br. above, to 10 mm lg., with watery sap,
epidermis thin, with glittering stomata; Ar.slightly M. flavovirensSD. (1:2)
sunken, scarcely white-woolly, later glabrous, 1-2 Bo. subspherical to elongated, to 8 cm h., some­
mm 0 ; Ax. naked; Rsp. 7-9, projecting irre­ times caespitose; Tub. pyramidal, 4-sided; Isp.
gularly, white, weak, 5.5-7 mm lg.; Csp.4, reddish- 8:13; Ax. woolly in the flowering zone; Rsp.4-5, to
brown, the 3 upper ones projecting, scarcely 6 mm lg., + subulate, reddish-brown, sometimes
distinguishable from the Rsp. except that they are a with small Ssp.; Csp. 1(— 2), to 1.5 cm lg., subulate,
little stouter, darker and longer, the other Sp. dark at first; FI.2 cm lg., 1.2 cm 0 , white to cream;
hooked, erect, 8-10 mm lg., dark brown, lighter Fr. carmine, 1.7 cm lg.; S. light brown.—Mexico
below; FI. 1 cm0, 1.5 cm lg.; Tu. 2.5 mm 0 , light (Guanajuato, Hacienda de la Barrancas).
green; Pet. whitish, bordered pink, with a darker
M.-stripe, the outer ones deeper pink, with a M. floresiiBackbg. (1:2)
broader M.-stripe; styleand Sti.white; Fr. 7 mm Bo. spherical, light green, to 16 cm h., 12 cm 0 ;
268
 MAMMILLARIA

Tub. thick-conical, rather short; Isp. 8:13; Ax. M. fuscataPfeiff. (3:1, 1:3)
cuite strongly woolly; Rsp. 11-12, thin, brown; Bo. eventually oblong, sometimes branching
Csp.4, to 2 cm lg., the longest one somewhat down- dichotomously, pale bluish-green; Tub. conical to
curving, darker brown at first; FI.c. 1.5 cm lg., 2 cm 4-sided; Isp. 13:21(7); Ax. + white-woolly; Rsp.
0 , light carmine; Fr. ?—Mexico (Sonora, foothills 25-28, 6-8 mm lg., thin, whitish to golden-yellow;
of the Sierra Canelo), Csp. 4-6, 10-30 mm lg., stiffly acicular, varying
v. hexacentra Backbg. n.v.: from yellowish-brown to reddish-brown; FI. 1.6 cm
Distinguished as follows from the type: Rsp. to 0 , purple; Fr. purplish-red, 2 cm lg.; S. light
14, the upper ones thinner, whitish, the lower brown.—Mexico (Central Highlands),
ones rather stouter, yellowish; Csp.to 6, stouter, v. russea (Dietr.) Backbg.: Bo. conical, light
projecting, horn-coloured or brownish, darker green; Ax. at first with thread-like wool but no
and somewhat thickened below.—Mexico Br.; Rsp. 16-20, 6.5 mm lg., bristly, thin, white,
(Sonora). tipped + brownish; Csp. 4(—6), slender-
F. Schwarz listed this plant as a “red-flowering subulate, to 1.2 cm lg., brownish-red;
M. canelensis” ; but this latter has more num­ v. sulphurea (Sencke) Backbg.: Bo. more
erous Rsp. (to 25) which are concolorous white, yellowish-green; Tub. rounded to conical; Ax.
quite apart from its greenish-white FI.-colour. woolly at first; Sp. vivid sulphur-yellow at first,
later dark yellow; Rsp. lighter, 16-24, bristly,
M. formosaGal. (1:1) thin; Csp. 6(-8); FI.2.5 cm lg., dark pinkish-red.
Bo. spherical to elongated, light green, to 8 cm 0 , The type and its varieties are differentiated from M.
later sometimes off-setting; Tub. slender- rhodantha and varieties by the absence of axillary
pyramidal ; Isp.13:21; Ax.woolly; Rsp.20-25, 3-6 Br.
mm lg., thin, white; Csp. 4-6, to 8 mm lg., stoutly
acicular, flesh-coloured, black-tipped; FI.to 1.5 cm M. fuscata-esperanza Bod.: M. esperanzaensis
lg., and 0 , purplish-pink with a light border; Fr. Bod.
light carmine, 1.5 cm lg.; S.light brown.—Mexico
íSan Luis Potosí, San Felipe).
M. fuscohamataBackbg. (3:1, 3:7)
Bo. spherical, c. 6 cm h. and 0 , green; Tub.
M. fraileana(Br. & R.) Bod. (3:2, 5:9) conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. glabrous; Rsp. to 23,thin,
Bo. cylindric, later offsetting from the base; Tub. white, yellowish below, 8 mm lg.; Csp. 3(-4),to 12
shortly conical; Isp. 5:8; Ax. with a few Br.; Rsp. mm lg., one of these hooked, reddish-brown, also
11-12, 8-10 mm lg., thin-acicular, reddish-brown 2(—3)more erect brownish-white Sp., to c. 8 mm lg.;
at first, then white; Csp. 3(—4), c. 1 cm lg., FI.bellshaped, limb whitish-pink, white below; Fr.
somewhat stouter, dark brown at first, the longest green, + whitish below, 1.9 cm lg.; S. black.—
one porrect, hooked; FI.over 3 cm 0 , pink, darker Mexico (Jalisco). (Fig. 213.)
at the throat; Fr. lilac-pink; S. black.—Mexico
(Baja California, islands of Pichilinque, Cerralbo,
Catalina). M. garessiiCowper
Bo. small-spherical to spherical, forming groups,
M. fuauxianaBackbg. (3:1, 1:2) single heads to 8 cm h., to 5 cm 0 ; Tub. dark to
Bo.eventually columnar, to 30 cm h., 8 cm 0 , light greyish-green, shortly cylindric; Isp. 8:13; Ax.
green; Tub.conical, small; Isp. ?; Ax. felty, woolly mostly naked, rarely with wool or Br.; Ar. round,
in the flowering zone; Rsp. 20-22, 2.5mm lg., very with short brown wool in Ar. close to the crown,
thin, white; Csp. 2, one directed upwards, one later orange and greyish-brown below; Csp. 1(— 2),
downwards, 5mm lg., white, reddish-brown at the stout, stiff, acicular, light reddish-brown to dark
tips; FI. 7 mm lg. and 0 , dark wine-red; Fr. red, hooked, smooth; Rsp. 16-22, translucent
orange-red; S. light brown.—Mexico (Guerrero, white or light pink, with tiny black dots, yet the
Puente Mescala). plant (apart from the crown) gives a uniformly
white appearance, to 1.5 cm lg., smooth; FI.
bellshaped, 1.5 cm br., 2.5 cm lg., not curving; Pet.
M. fuliginosaSD. (3:1, 1:3) lanceolate, acute, creamy-white or light pink; Sep.
Bo.spherical, dark green, to 8 cm 0 ; Tub.conical; rather shorter, green on the underside, with ciliate
Isp.21:34; Ax.weakly woolly ; Rsp. 16,1-2 mm lg., borders; style and Fil. white; An. yellow; Fr.
bristly, white; Csp. 4, 8-10 mm lg., stiffly acicular, shortly clavate, firm, fleshy, green to red; S.
white, black-tipped; FI. 1.5 cm lg., 1 cm 0 , deep reddish-brown, darker at maturity.—Mexico
pink; Fr. carmine, 2 cm lg.; S. light brown.— (Chihuahua, S.W. of Mtachio, on a bush-covered
Mexico (?). mountain-slope, in semi-shade, in cracks in rocks).
269
MAMMILLARE

First collected by Elmer Garess and John Green in v. nobilis (Pfeiff.) Backbg.: Bo. greyish-green;
1962, and by Cowper in 1965; belongs to the Sp. in 2 Ser., 23-26; Csp. 1(— 2—3), very long,
complex M. wilcoxii-wrightii-viridiflora, and the tipped + brownish-red.
"Sonoran flora”. Readily distinguished by the
flame-red appearance of the crown, the character­ M. giganteaHildm. (1:2)
istically tapering Csp., and the caespitose habit. Bo. depressed-spherical, to 10 cm h., to 17 cm 0,
[Very sensitive to moisture, so that cultivated bluish to greyish-green, simple; Tub.pyramidal, 4-
plants require a dry atmosphere, and careful angled; Isp. 13:21; Ax. woolly; Rsp. 12, to 5 mm
watering, only when the weather is warm; keep lg., thin, ± white; Csp. 4-6, Í.5-2 cm lg., stoutly
completely dry in winter. Seedlings should be subulate, yellowish to reddish-purple, dark-tipped
grafted as early as possible.] at first; FI. 1.5 cm lg. and 0, reddish, bordered
green; Fr. purplish-pink, 3 cm lg.; S. light
M. gasserianaBod. (3:1, 1:3) brown.—Mexico (Guanajuato; Querétaro,
Bo. subspherical, ± tapering above, 3-4 cm 0, Moran).
greyish-green; Tub. shortly ovoid; Isp. 8:13; Ax.
naked; Rsp.40-50, in several Ser., 5-8 mm lg., fine- M. gilensisBod. (3:1, 3:7)
acicular, roughly hairy, white, sometimes red- Bo. spherical to elongated, glossy, light yellowish
tipped at first; Csp. l-2(-3), 8 mm lg., stiffly leaf-green, later caespitose; Tub. conical to cylin­
acicular, hooked, one of these more porrect, white dric; Isp. 8:13; Ax. glabrous, with white Br.; Rsp.
below, tipped reddish to brownish; FI.to 8 mm 0, 20-25, to 6 mm lg., + hair-like, yellowish to white:
creamy-white, throat greenish; Fr. brownish-red, Csp. 3(-4), 0.7-1 cm lg., thickened below,
small; S. ± blackish.—Mexico (Coahuila, Tor­ brownish-yellow; FI. cream, M.-stripe pink; Fr.
reón). small; S. dark brownish-grey.—Mexico (Aguas-
calientes, San Gil).
M. gates«Jon. (1:2) M. aurihamata Bod., with glabrous Ax. and white
Bo. spherical to elongated, to 20 cm lg., 15 cm 0, Br.,is similar but differentiated by its light sulphur-
sometimes offsetting; Tub. conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. yellow FI.; M. áureoviridis Heinr., which is also
white-woolly; Rsp. 6-8, 8—13 mm lg., stoutly similar, has weakly woolly Ax. and yellowish Br.,
acicular, yellowish-white, dark-tipped, projecting; while the Rsp. are light to darker yellow.
Csp. 1, 2.5-3 cm lg., acicular to subulate, straight,
dark reddish-brown to purple at first, yellowish M. gladiataMart. (1:2?) has often been referred to
below, later horn-coloured; FI.bellshaped, 1.6 cm M. magnimamma, and was described (without FI.)
lg., 2 cm 0, greenish to golden-yellow; Fr.red, 1.5 by me in “Die Cact.”, V, 3135. 1961 (footnote).
cm lg.; S. dark brown.—Mexico (Baja California, Since the FI., acc. Dietrich, is “light straw-
SW. tip). coloured”, my assumption that this is a valid spec,
would appear to be correct: Bo. similar to that of
M. gaumeri (Br. & R.) Ore. (1:2) M. centricirrha v. versicolor (crown glabrous), but
Bo. spherical to elongated, to 15 cm h., dark green, with white wool in the crown.
sometimes offsetting; Tub. 4-sided; Isp. 8:13; Ax.
woolly to glabrous; Rsp. 12-14, 5-7 mm lg., white, M. glareosaBod. (1:2)
brown-tipped; Csp. 1, to 1 cm lg., subulate, Bo. fairly small, the part above ground flattened-
purplish-brown, black-tipped; FI. to 1.4 cm lg., spherical; Tub. 4-angled; Ax. woolly; Rsp. to c. 9,
creamy-white; Fr. carmine, to 2 cm lg.; S. to 6 mm lg., 2-3 upper ones thin and whitish, the
brown.—Mexico (Yucatán, Progreso). remainder and 1Csp. of equal length are stouter,
subulate and brown (especially the Csp.); FI. ?—
M. geminispinaHaw. non DC. (1:3) Mexico (Baja California, 28^° N.).
Bo.spherical, cylindric or clavate, to 18 cm lg., 8 cm This is the original description of Bodeker (Com­
0 , light green, freely offsetting to form cushions to parative Key to the Mammillarias, 59.1933). While
2 m br. ;Tub. rounded above;Isp. 13:21; Ax. with it is remarkable enough that the spec, has never
white wool and Br.; Rsp. 16-20, to 7 mm lg., thin; again been re-collected despite intensive later sear­
Csp.2-4(-6), 7 mm-2 cm lg., stiffly acicular; all Sp. ches, it is still more noteworthy that it grows in the
white, centrals ± brown-tipped; FI.1.9 cm lg., Pet. same latitude as M. dawsonii (Houghton) Craig,
cream with a carmine centre; Fr.carmine, 1 cm lg.; and all its characters (apart from the missing floral
S. brown.—Mexico (Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí, data) tally with those of Bodeker’s spec. Moreover,
Vera Cruz). the illustration in C. & S.J. (US) XXXII: 6, 171.
v. brevispina (Hildm.) Backbg.: Csp. shorter, 1960, and the one in my Handbook, “Die Cact.”,
more numerous, not bent; V: p. 3472, Fig. 3203, show very similar plants.
270
 MAMMILLARIA

I therefore consider the two spec, to be identical, M. goodrichii Scheer (3:2, 5:9) [Grafting recom­
~nd would add the following additional infor­ mended]
mation : main R. fleshy; Tub. 6 mm lg.; sapmilky; Bo.spherical to oblong, to 4 cm 0, later sometimes
At . weakly woolly at first, soon becoming glab­ offsetting; Tub. cylindric above; Isp. 3:13; Ax.
rous ; FI. 1.2 cm lg., 6 mm 0 ; Sep.brownish-red in weakly woolly; Rsp. 11-15, 4-7 mm lg., white,
the middle, bordered greenish-yellow; Pet. pale dark-tipped; Csp. 3-4, to 10 mm lg., white,
greenish-yellow, sometimes with a brownish-green brownish above, the longest one hooked; FI.1.5 cm
M.-line; stylegreenish-yellow; Sti.similarly, 4-5; lg., 2.5cm 0, deep pink, Pet.bordered whitish; Fr.
Fr. 1.5cm lg., pink above, creamy-whitish below; scarlet, to 2 cm lg.; S. black.—Mexico (Baja
S.light brown, 0.8 mm lg.—Mexico (Baja Califor­ California, islands of Cedros and Guadalupe),
nia, 28°40' N., close to the sea, SW. of Punta v. rectispina Daws.: differs in having all Sp.
Prieta). straight, or only occasionally 1curving Csp.; Sti.
red (green in the type). Occurs only on Cedros Is.
M. glassiiFoster
Bo. spherical, forming groups; Tub. with watery M. gracilisPfeiff. (3:1, 1:2-l :3)
¿ap; Ax. with 20-30 white hair-like Br.; Csp. 1,4-5 Bo. small-cylindric, to 10cm h., to 4.5cm 0, fresh
mm lg., porrect, hooked, amber-coloured; 6-8 Sp., green, freely offsetting; Tub. conical; Isp. 5:8
placed + centrally, scarcely distinguishable from (Craig), 8:13 (K. Sch.); Ax. weakly woolly; Rsp.
the Rsp.; Rsp. 50-60, 10-15 mm lg., hair-like, 12-14,stoutly bristly, 5-9 mm lg., + whitish; Csp.
white, tangled; FI. to 14 mm lg., light pink; Fr. 3-5, to 15mm lg., light to dark brown; FI. 1.7cm
spindle-shaped, to 20 mm lg., green, pink on lg., 1.3cm 0, yellowish-white; Fr.yellowish-red, 1
nearing maturity; S. black.—Mexico (Nuevo cm lg.; S.black.—Mexico (Hidalgo),
Leon, near Dieciocho de Marzo, in full shade, on v. fragilis (SD.) Berg.: Bo. somewhat smaller;
well-drained soil). Closely related to M. albicoma Csp. 2,white, brown-tipped;
and M. subtilis. Named for Charles Glass, editor of v. pulchella SD. non Hopff.: Bo. more slender,
the Cactus & Succulent Journal (US). 2-3 cm 0 ; Rsp. weaker, brownish; Csp. 0; Fr.
dark carmine, to 2 cm lg.
M. glochidiataMart. (3:1,3:7) M. graessnerianaBod. (3:1, 1:2)
Bo. cylindric, 2-3.5 cm 0 , glossy, light green, Bo. spherical to ovoid, dark bluish-green, to 8 cm
caespitose; Tub. soft, cylindric to + conical; Isp. h., 6 cm 0, later + caespitose; Tub. 4-sided,
5:8; Ax. with to 5 fine Br.; Rsp. over 12, to 1.2 cm pyramidal; Isp.21:34; Ax. with much white wool;
lg., bristly, white; Csp. 3-4, 6-12 mm lg., one of Rsp. 18-20, to 8 mm lg., glossy, white; Csp.2-4, to
these hooked, dark yellow to reddish-brown; FI. 8 mm lg., dull reddish-brown, lighter below; FI.
1.5 cm lg., 1.2 cm 0 , Pet. brownish to pinkish-red small, red(?); Fr. and S. ?—Mexico (Central
m the middle, bordered white; Fr. scarlet, 1.6 cm Highlands).
lg.; S. black.—Mexico (Hidalgo: S. Pedro No- Seldom seen in collections; more frequently
iasco, Zimapan, Ixmiquilpan).
encountered is its hybrid, M. schulzeana (see also
under M. rutila). (Fig. 214, left.)
M. glomerata(Lam.) DC. 1828 (Cactus glomeratus
Lamarck 1783) M. grusoniiRge. (1:2)
Bo. forming groups, single heads ovoid, scarcely Bo. spherical to elongated, mostly solitary, becom­
larger than a hen’s egg, bluish-green, densely ing large, to 25 cm 0,-light green; Tub. 4-angled;
woolly; Sp. very small; FI. red.—W. Indies (San Isp. ?;Ax. weakly woolly to glabrous; Rsp. 14, to
Domingo). Had been presumed identical with M. 6-8 mm lg., reddish at first, then white; Csp.2,4-6
prolifera, but in view of the FI.-colour this mm lg., stouter, reddish at first, then snow-white;
supposition has to be rejected. FI. 2.5 cm lg. and 0, yellow; Fr..scarlet; S. ?—
Mexico (Coahuila, Sierra Bola).
M. goldiiFoster & Glass
Bo. simple or forming some offsets; St. small, + M. gueldemannianaBackbg. (3:1,2:6-3:7)
spherical; Tub.5-7 mm lg., terete, with watery sap; Bo. eventually cylindric, light greyish-green, to 10
Ax. naked; Rsp. 35-45, 2-3 mm lg., thin, tangled, cm lg., 4.8 cm 0, later caespitose; Tub. 4-sided
hyaline; FI.large funnelform, c. 3.5 cm lg. and 0 ; below, rounded above; Isp. 8:13; Ax. glabrous;
Pet.dark lavender-pink; An. orange-yellow; Sti.4, Rsp.20-21, thin, c. 6mmlg., whitish; Csp. 1, short,
whitish; Ov. and Fr.embedded in the Bo.; S.black, to 2 mm lg., subulate, + dark; FI. ± campanulate,
1.5 mm lg.—Mexico (Sonora, N. of Bacozari at c. 1.7 cm lg., 1 cm 0, white, Pet. bordered light pink,
1000 m, on greyish-white volcanic tufa, in full sun, throat carmine-pink;Fr. ?— Mexico (Sonora, near
but almost completely covered by grit. Alamos).
271
MAMMILLARIA

v. guirocobensis (Craig) Backbg.: Csp. 1-3, to 1 Isp.8:13; Ax. glabrous; Rsp.c. 30-32, to 7 mm lg.,
cm lg., reddish-brown, one of these hooked; FI.2 bristly, fine, white; Csp. 4-5, to 6 mm lg., the
cm lg., more widely bellshaped; Fr. scarlet, 1.2 bottom one hooked, tipped brownish, lighter
cm lg.; S. black.—Mexico (Sonora, Alamos below; FI. 1 cm lg., to 1 cm 0, Pet. white with a
District; NE. Sinaloa; SW. Chihuahua). faint pink sheen and a pink M.-line; Fr: ?; S.
black.—Mexico (Durango, 60 km E. of the town).
M. guerreronis(H. Bravo) Backbg. (2:3)
Bo. cylindric, to 60 cm lg., 6 cm 0 , light green, M. gummifera Eng. (1:2)
caespitose; Tub. conical; Isp.8:13; Ax. with white Bo. spherical, to 12 cm 0, 11 cm h., light greyish-
wool and to 20 Br.; Rsp.20-30, bristly, fine, white, green; Tub. 4-sided, pyramidal; Isp. 13:21; Ax.
to 1 cm lg.; Csp. (2— )4(—5), to c. 1.5 cm lg., lower weakly woolly at first; Rsp. 10-12,the bristly upper
ones longer, white, sometimes pink, one of these ones 4-6 mm lg., the lower ones 13—15(—25)mm lg.,
hooked, either only at first or on individual plants; stoutly acicular, + recurved, white, tipped brown­
FI. red; Fr. red, to 2 cm lg.; S. browntjj-Mexico ish; Csp. 1-2, 4 mm lg., slender-subulate, light
(Guerrero, Canyon del Zopilote). brown, black-tipped; FI. 2.5-3 cm lg., 1.5-2.5 cm
Acc. to whether all Sp. are straight, or one Csp. 0, bluish-pink, Pet. bordered ± white; Fr.scarlet;
sometimes hooked, 2 varieties have been segre­ S. dark brown.—Mexico (Chihuahua, Cosihui-
gated : v. recta Craig, and v. subhamata Craig; v. riachi).
zopilotensis Craig referred to plants with more
numerous hooked Sp. M. haageanaPfeiff. (2:1)
Bo. oblong, simple, rarely offsetting, bluish-green,
M. guiengolensisBravo to 8 cm h., 5 cm 0; Tub. conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax.
Clump-forming, with few orange-yellow FI. and a with flocky wool; Rsp. 18-20(-25), 3 mm lg., thin,
short flowering-period (only 2 weeks); difficult in white; Csp.2, 6-8 mm lg., ashen-grey to blackish to
cultivation. reddish-brown or black; FI. 1.2 cm lg., purplish-
[Translator’s note:—I.S.I. (US) distributed this pink; Fr. light red, 1.1 cm lg.; S. light brownish-
plant in 1972 with the following notes:— olive.—Mexico (Vera Cruz, Perote).
M. guiengolensis Bravo & MacDougall: “This
recently published spec, is of a group recognized by M. haehnelianaBod. (3:1, 3:7)
Buxbaum as the genus Oehmea, distributed from Bo. + spherical, 4-5 cm 0, simple or caespitose,
Sinaloa (Rio Elota) to Oaxaca, with Guerrero the light leaf-green; Tub. cylindrical above; Isp. 8:13;
center of distribution. There is considerable doubt Ax. with several Br.; Rsp.25, 7 mm lg., thin, white:
that more than one spec. (M. beneckei, the first Csp. 5-7, to 8 mm lg., stiffly acicular, light yellow,
published) should be recognized for all have similar more whitish-yellow below, brownish-yellow at the
dark, hooked Sp. and large fragrant FI. quite base, slightly knotted, lowest one hooked, to 1.2 cm
untypical of most Mammillarias. M. guiengolensis lg., all faintly rough; FI. 1.5 cm lg. and 0, Pet.
grows in clumps of 50 to 100 heads in shallow cream with a pink middle; Fr. red, small; S. dark
pockets of leafmold among rocks. Type locality: reddish-brown.—Mexico (San Luis Potosi).
Cerro Guiengola, 4 miles W. of Tehuantepec,
Oaxaca”. M. hahnianaWerd. (1:1)
My own I.S.I. plant is as follows:—Single head Bo. + broadly spherical, to 9 cm h., 10 cm 0, light
spherical, 1.5 cm 0 , epidermis dull greyish-green, green, offsetting to form groups; Tub.conical; Isp.
purplish in the sun; Tub. conical; Ax. + glabrous; 13:21; Ax. shortly white-woolly, with to 20 longer
Ar. with some white wool at first; Rsp. c. 9, white, Br.; Rsp. 20-30, 5-15 mm lg., hair-like, white,
very sharp, 1 cm lg.; Csp. 2, one of these 1 cm lg., interlacing; Csp. l(-2-5), 4(-5-8) mm lg., soon
light below, brown above, straight, sharp, + erect, dropping, whitish, tipped reddish-brown; FI.1.5-2
the other stouter, hooked strongly upwards, brown cm 0, purple; Fr. purplish-red, 7 mm lg.; S. dirty
below, blackish-brown and glossy above midway, brown.—Mexico (Guanajuato; Queretaro, Sierra
1.5 cm lg. FI. not seen. de Jalapa).
Parent-plant, grown in clay pot and close under v. giselanaNeale: Ax.-H. to 1.5 cm lg.; Rsp. to
roof-glass, offered no problems apart from 40;
difficulty of retaining it intact (worse than M. v. werdermanniana Schmoll: Ax.-H. to 2.5 cm
yaquensis); several offsets rooted successfully if lg.; Sti. brownish-pink (yellowish-white in the
slowly, in summer, without bottom heat. ] type).
M. guillauminianaBackbg. (3:1, 3:7) M. halbingeriBod. (3:1, 1:5)
Bo. spherical, taprooted, to 5.5 cm h. and 0 , light Bo. broadly spherical, light green, simple; Tub.
green; Tub. conical, sometimes suffused reddish; conical to ovoid; Isp. 13:21; Ax. with a few Br.;
272
 MAMMILLARIA

Rsp.to 25, 5-7 mm lg., thin-acicular, white; Csp,2, 1.5 cm lg.; S. reddish-brown.—USA (SE. Texas),
pointing upwards, the other downwards, 5-6 N. Mexico.
—n lg., thin-subulate, slightly thickened below, v. waltheri(Bod.) Craig: Csp. mostly 2, 7-8 mm
pdlowish-white, tipped pale brown; FI. to 1.2 cm lg., amber to deep brownish-violet; inner Pet.
g sulphur-yellow; Fr. small, whitish(?); S. light shorter, centre slightly brownish-olive; Fr.
-e-idish-brown.—Mexico (SE. Oaxaca). red, small; S. light reddish-brown.—Mexico
(Coahuila, Viesca).
M. hamata Lehm. (3:1, 3:7) or (1:5 or [?]2:3)
Bo. cylindric, caespitose; Tub. conical; Isp. ?; Ax. M. hennisiiBod. (3:1, 1:3)
■ eakly woolly at first; Rsp. 18-20, white to light Bo. eventually elongated, c. 4 cm 0 , light leaf-
.ream, rarely with the extreme tip slightly darker; green; Tub. shortly conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. white-
Csp. 4-6, brownish, lowest one hooked but woolly; Rsp. c. 20, hyaline, yellowish below, 5-6
ccasionally straight; FI. swollen bellshaped, limb mm lg.; Csp. 3-4, stoutly acicular, brownish at
bent, red; Fr. greenish, light below, later pale first, then brownish-red, 8-12 mm lg.—Venezuela
-eddish; S. brown.—Mexico. (Maracay area).
M. hamiltonhoytea(H. Bravo) Werd. (1:3) M. herreraeWerd. (3:2,4:8)
So. depressed-spherical, simple, dark olive-green, Bo.cylindric, simple, little offsetting, to 3.5 cm 0 ;
:: 18 cm 0 ; Tub. rounded above, keeled on the Tub. cylindric; Isp. 8:13 (Craig) and 13:21; Ax.
-.nderside; Isp. 13:21; Ax. white-woolly, some- glabrous; Rsp. c. 100, appressed, white, very fine,
::mes with 1 Br.; Rsp. 5(—8), lowest one to 1.7 cm 1-5 mm lg., in several Ser.; Csp. 0; FI.2-3 cm 0 ,
g others 3-5 mm lg.; Csp.2-3, upper ones 1-2 cm pale pink to violet; Fr. carmine, subspherical; S.
lg • lower ones to 3.5 cm lg.; Sp. creamy-whitish, matt black.—Mexico (Queretaro, Cadereyta).
;_rk-tipped, centrals also tipped pinkish-orange or
reddish; FI. 2 cm lg., deep purplish-pink, Pet. M. hertrichianaCraig (1:3)
bordered white to pale pink; Fr.purple, 2 cm lg.; S. Bo. flattened-spherical, deep green, later offsetting
-eddish-brown.—Mexico (Queretaro). to form groups to 1 m across; Tub. irregularly
v fulvafloraCraig: FI.rather smaller, 1.2-1.5 cm angular above; Isp.13:21; Ax. with wool as long as
lg.: Pet. pale pink above, bordered yellowish- the Tub., sometimes with Br.; Rsp. 12-15, 3-10 mm
brownish, with an orange-brownish M.-stripe on lg., thin-acicular, white to pale brownish, tipped
the underside, margins + entire. Same locality as brown; Csp.4-5,5-10 mm lg., lower ones to 2.5 cm
the type. lg., acicular, slightly thickened below, walnut-
coloured; FI. 1.8 cm 0 , 1 cm lg., deep pink to
M. hastiferaKrainz & Kell. (1:3) purplish-pink, centre darker; Fr. scarlet, 3 cm lg.;
Bo. broadly spherical, c. 8 cm 0 , dark green; Tub. S. light brown.—Mexico (Sonora, E. of Tesopaco).
--sided; Isp. ?; Ar. with yellow felt; Ax. sparsely v. robustior Craig: Csp. to 3.5 cm lg., much
woolly, with occasional black-tipped Br.; Rsp. 6, 3 stouter.
smaller ones directed upwards, c. 5 mm lg., 3 longer
:nes pointing downwards, all whitish-yellow, M. heyderiMiihlpfrdt. (1:2)
rlack-tipped; Csp. 1, fairly stout, projecting, 1.5-2 Bo. depressed-spherical, light to dark green; Tub.
cm lg., brown, black-tipped; FI.cream, 2 cm lg., 1.5 elongated-pyramidal; Isp. 13:21; Ax. woolly at
cm 0 , M.-stripe brown; Fr. ?—Mexico. first; Rsp. 20-22, upper ones 4-6 mm lg., lower
ones 7—8(—12) mm lg., all bristly, creamy to pure
M. heeriana Backbg. n.nud. (Catalogue F. Schw­ white; Csp. 1, 4-8 mm lg., stoutly acicular,
arz): regarded by some authors as synonymous yellowish-grey to brown, darker below, tipped
with M. hamata Lehm., and by others as a reddish-brown; FI. 2-2.5 cm lg., brownish-pink;
synonym of M. duoformis Craig & Daws. The Pet. bordered cream; Fr. carmine, 3.7 cm lg.; S.
latter may also belong to the complex of spec, reddish-brown.—USA (Texas; New Mexico), N.
around M. hamata. Mexico.
M. hemisphaericaEng. (1:2) M. hidalgensisJ. A. Purp. (3:1, 1:3)
Bo. subspherical to elongated, dark bluish-green, Bo. eventually columnar, sometimes branching
to 12 cm 0 ; Tub. rounded above, keeled on the dichotomously, dark green, to 30 cm h., 13 cm 0 ;
underside; Isp.8:13, 13:21; Ax. + glabrous; Rsp. Tub.conical; Isp.8:13; Ax. with dirty white wool;
9-13, 2-8 mm lg., thin, cream to brownish, dark- Rsp. usually 0, or to 6-8 and bristly, fine, soon
upped; Csp. 1, 3-4(-8) mm lg., thin-subulate, dark dropping; Csp. 2-4, 1 cm lg., acicular, greyish-
brown to black, sometimes lighter; FI. opening white to yellowish-brown, tipped reddish-brown,
widely, to 1.5 cm lg., pink, M.-line darker; Fr.red, directed upwards and downwards; FI. 1.8 cm lg.,
273
MAMMILLARE

6-7 mm 0 , light carmine; Fr. purplish-red, to 2 cm olive-grey(?).—Mexico (Nuevo León, Icamol and
lg.; S. light brown.—Mexico (Hidalgo). Monterrey).
M. hirsutaBod. (3:1,3:7) M. inaiae Craig (3:2, 5:9; Sp. only ± curving
Bo. + spherical, greyish-green, to 6 cm 0 , later above)
caespitose; Tub. cylindric, spotted; Isp. 8:13; Ax. Bo. cylindric, to 20 cm h., 6 cm 0 , light green,
glabrous, with few Br.; Rsp. to over 20, thin, sometimes caespitose; Tub. rounded-pyramidal;
hyaline, 10-15 mm lg.; Csp. 3-4, upper ones Isp.13:21; Ax. woolly at first, sometimes with a few
whitish, bottom one projecting, hooked, whitish Br.; Rsp. 17-24 (mostly c. 20), 4-6 mm lg., acicular,
below, dark reddish-brown above, rough, knotted white; Csp.2( 3), thin-subulate, at most curving at
below; FI. 1 cm lg., bellshaped, light yellow, the tip, reddish-brown to ± black, one Sp. porrect:
suffused pink; Fr. greenish; S. black.—Mexico FI. 1.8 cm lg., c. 2 cm 0 , white to cream, pink
(Guerrero). inside, M.-line pinkish-brown; Fr. scarlet, 11 mm
lg.; S. black.—Mexico (Sonora, San Carlos Bay).
M. hoffmanniana(Tieg.) H. Bravo (3:1, 1:3)
Bo.spherical, later columnar, to 30 cm h., 12 cm 0 , M. infernillensisCraig (1:1—1:2)
light green, simple; Tub. with 4 rounded sides to Bo. broadly spherical, to c. 9 cm 0 , greyish-green,
cylindric; Isp. 13:21; Ax. woolly, later rather more simple; Tub.4-sided, spotted white; Isp.13:21; Ax.
so; Rsp. 18-20, 1-3 mm lg., fine, white; Csp. (2—)4, white-woolly; Rsp. 25-30, 2-10 mm lg., bristly,
sometimes more, to 2.5 cm lg., shorter, white to thin, white; Csp. 1— 2(—4), 4-10 mm lg., stoutly
cream, tipped brownish; FI. purple; Fr. carmine, 2 acicular, white to chalky lavender, dark-tipped; FI.
cm lg.; S. light brown.—Mexico (Queretaro, La deep purplish-pink, darker in the middle; Fr.light
Templadora; Guanajuato). pink, 1.2 cm lg.; S. light brown.—Mexico (Quer-
étaro, Infernillo).
M. huajuapensisH. Bravo (1:3)
Bo. spherical, simple; Tub. conical to angular; Isp. M. ingensBackbg. (3:1, 1:3)
21:34;Ax. woolly, with many white Br.; Rsp. 6-8, Bo. columnar in age, to 40 cm h., 15 cm 0 , lighter
subulate, white ;Csp.2(-3),subulate,reddish-yellow, to leaf-green, simple; Tub. conical above; Isp.
darker at first above; FI. purplet( ?); S. light brown. 13:21; Ax. ± woolly; Sp. mostly only 2(-3),
—Mexico (Oaxaca, E. of Huajuapan de Leon). pointing upwards and downwards, wavy, 2(-3) cm
lg., yellowish below midway, light to coffee-brown
M. humboldtiiEhrenb. (3:1, 1:2) above; FI. only 1 cm lg., light mid-red; Fr. red.—
Bo. spherical to elongated, light green, sometimes Mexico (Hidalgo, upper Barranca Grande).
caespitose; Tub. cylindric; Isp. 13:21; Ax. with
white wool and 7-8 Br.; Rsp. 80 and more, in
several Ser., 2-8mm lg., thin-acicular, snow-white; M. insularis Gat. (3:2, 5:9) [Grafting recom­
Csp. 0; FI. 1.5 cm 0 , light red; Fr. reddish; S. mended.]
black.—Mexico (Hidalgo, Ixmiquilpan, Meztit- Bo. ± broadly spherical, c. 6 cm h. and 0 ,
lan). sometimes caespitose, bluish-green, R. stoutly
napiform; Tub. conical, sap sticky; Isp. 5:8; Rsp.
M. hutchisoniana (Gat.) Bod. (3:2, 5:9) [Grafting 20-30, 5 mm lg., thin-acicular, white; Csp. 1,1 cm
recommended.] lg., acicular, hooked, light below, passing over
Bo. cylindric, to 15 cm lg., 4-6 cm 0 , olive-green, above from brown to black; FI.bellshaped, to 2.5
sometimes tinged red, later caespitose; Tub. cm lg., fairly wide, white with a light pink M.-
broadly rounded; Isp. 8:13; Ax. glabrous; Rsp. stripe; Fr.orange-red, 1 cm lg.; S. black.—Mexico
15-20, 5-8 mm lg., purple to black at first; Csp. (Baja California, Los Angeles Bay).
mostly 3, 2 of these 8 mm lg., one longer, shortly
hooked, white below, purple above; Fr. scarlet, 2 M. jaliscana (Br. & R.) Bod. (3:1, 3:7) [Grafting
cm lg.; S. black.—Mexico (Baja California, W. of recommended.]
Calmalli). Bo. spherical to oblong, c. 5 cm 0 , light green,
sometimes caespitose; Tub. cylindric; Isp. 13:21:
M. icamolensisBod. (3:1, 3:7) Ax. naked; Rsp. 30 or more, 8 mm lg., acicular,
Bo. shortly cylindric, 6 cm h., 4 cm 0 , leaf-green, white; Csp. 4-8, upper ones 7-9 mm lg., one more
simple; Tub. cylindric; Isp. 13:21; Ax. shortly central, the bottom one longest, hooked, more
hairy; Rsp. 16-20, 5-7 mm lg., almost hair-like, strongly porrect, subulate, lighter to darker
white, appressed; Csp. 4,7 mm lg., the lowest one reddish-brown; FI. 1 cm 0 , scented, purplish-
hooked, + brown; FI. 1.2 cm 0 , pale pinkish- pink; Fr. whitish to pink, 8 mm lg.; S. black.—
white, M.-stripe somewhat darker; Fr. small; S. Mexico (Jalisco, Rio Blanco near Guadalajara).
274
 MAMMILLARIA

M.johnstonii(Br. & R.) Ore. (1:2) M. klissingiana Bod. (1:1)

B®. + spherical, to 20 cm h.. dull bluish to greyish- Bo. spherical at first, then elongated, to 16 cm h., 9
graen, rarely off-setting; Tub.4-angled; Isp. 13:21; cm 0 , simple or offsetting from the base; Tub.
Aa . + woolly; Rsp. 10-15, 6-9 mm lg., acicular, pyramidal to conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. more woolly
hue to horny-brown, tipped reddish-brown or in the flowering zone, with numerous Br. 1 cm lg.;
linker: Csp. (l-)2, 1 cm lg., subulate, light purple Rsp. 30-35, 3-7 mm lg., fine, white, yellowish
- black at first; FI. 1.5-2 cm lg., pink, M.-line below; Csp. 2—4(—5), 2 mm lg., acicular, sometimes
brownish; Fr. red to scarlet. 2.5 cm lg.; S. light rather stouter, white, tipped dark brown; FI. 1 cm
-'own.—Mexico (Sonora, San Carlos Bay). lg., 8 mm 0 , delicate pink, throat greenish; S. dark
guaymensisCraig: Csp.4-6, to 1.8 cm lg.; Rsp. reddish-brown.—Mexico (Tamaulipas, near
c. 18; Ciudad Victoria or Calabazos).
' sancarlensis Craig: Csp. 2, to 2.5 cm lg.,
somewhat flexible, ± contorted; Rsp. 15-18. M. knebelianaBod. (3:1, 3:7)
Bo. oblong, leaf-green, later sometimes offsetting;
' 1•jozef-bergeri: Resembles M. collinsii. Named by Tub. cylindric; Isp. 13:21; Ax. with 5-8 white Br.;
E r W. Wojnowski for the Warsaw cactophile Jozef Rsp. 20-25, 5-7 mm lg., thin, bristly, white; Csp.
Berger (c. 1880). 4(-5-7), the lower one longest, hooked, to 1.5 cm
lg., others to 8 mm lg., all reddish-brown, yellowish
VL kanvinskianaMart. (1:3) below; FI. 1.5 cm 0 , light yellow; Fr. red; S.
Bo. spherical to ovoid-cylindric, light bluish-green reddish-brown.—Mexico (Guanajuato, Sierra de
dark green, simple, offsetting or branching San Luis Potosí).
: ;hotomously; Tub. pyramidal; Isp. 13:21; Ax.
*:olly, with whitish, brown-tipped Br. as long as M. knippelianaQuehl (1:3)
:e Tub.; Rsp.4-6, lateral ones 4-16 mm lg., upper Bo.subspherical, deep green, to 6 cm h., 4-5 cm 0 ,
-ad lower ones 10-30 mm lg., red at first, then later offsetting; Tub. pyramidal; Isp. 13:21; Ax.
te below, tipped dark brown to black; Csp.TL white-woolly, with contorted Br.; Rsp. (4— )6, to 3
-1, to 2.5 cm lg.); FI. 2 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , whitish, cm lg., acicular, white, tipped red or brown; Csp.0;
-:th a red M.-line above; Fr. red, to 2 cm lg.; S. FI. 1.5 cm lg., 1 cm 0 , straw-coloured, tipped red;
ght brown.—Mexico (Puebla). Fr. red, 9 mm lg.; S. dark yellowish-brown.—
■ centrispina(Pfeiff.) SD.: more stoutly spined; Mexico (Morelos, near Cuernavaca).
Csp. mostly present, variable in colour, some­
times darker. M. kraehenbuehliiKrainz (also written as “krahn-
buhlii” ; provisionally named M. alpina.)
Bo. cylindric, 3-12 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 , forming large
\L kellerianaSchmoll (3:1, 1:3) cushions; R. a thin taproot; Tub. 5-10 mm lg., 5-6
Bo. spherical to elongated, to 12 cm h., 8 cm 0 , mm 0 , soft-fleshy, with watery sap; Isp.8:13; Ar.
.lark green, simple; Tub. cylindric to conical; Isp. c. 2 mm 0 ; Ax. glabrous; Rsp. 18-24, very thin,
' 3:21; Ax. white-woolly at first; Rsp. 6, 9-20 mm white, sometimes brown-tipped, 3-8 mm lg.; Csp.
i the lowest ones longest, purplish-brownish, absent or 1, longer than the Rsp.; FI.funnelform­
. pped darker; Csp.0-1,1.5 cm lg., stoutly acicular, bellshaped, c. 18 mm lg.; Sep. spatulate to
:;ioured like the Rsp.; FI. 1 cm lg., 8 mm 0 , lanceolate, white to bordered + carmine, with a
bluish-reddish, darker at the centre; Fr. scarlet, 2 broad carmine-lilac M.-stripe; Pet. 18 mm lg.,
cm lg.; S. light brown.—Mexico (Queretaro, San carmine-lilac, bordered lighter; Fil. white, with
Moran). yellow An.; style and 5 Sti. yellowish-white; Fr.
dark carmine; S.glossy, black.—Mexico (Oaxaca,
\L kewensisSD. (1:2) near Tamazulapan, on rocky peaks or among grass
Bo. subspherical, later elongated, bluish to greyish- and shrubs). Named for Felix Krahenbuhl of Basel,
green, to 12 cm h., 9 cm 0 , simple or caespitose; who discovered it in 1968.
Tub. broadly conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. persistently
-hue-woolly; Rsp. 6, upper ones 6-12 mm lg., the M. kuentzianaP.& B. Fearn—Nat. C. & S.J., 18:3,
bottom one to 3 cm lg., stoutly acicular, reddish- 33. 1963(3:1, 1:2)
rrown to black at first, then lighter; Csp. 0; FI. to Bo.later freely branching; St. + clavate, to 6 cm h.,
1-5 cm 0 , deep purplish-pink; Fr. greenish to ± 3 cm 0 ; Tub. pale green, conical to cylindric, not
rmk, to 2 cm lg.; S. light brown.—Mexico (Central angular, 1cm h., 0.7 cm 0 ; Isp.5:8; Ax. glabrous;
Highlands to Guanajuato), Rsp. 18-20, 4-8 mm lg., laterals longest, straight,
v. craigiana Schmoll: Tub. more slender; Sp. fine-acicular, pubescent, later chalky white; Csp.4,
shorter, more projecting.—Mexico (Guan­ cruciform, only 2 at first, rather stouter, all
ajuato; Queretaro, San Juan del Rio). pubescent, upper one to 8 mm lg., lower one to 1cm
275
MAMMILLARIA

lg., laterals to 7 mm lg., reddish-brown at first, later M. lasiacanthaEng. (3:1, 1:2)

darker, lower Sp. porrect, others spreading; FI.c, 1 Bo.spherical to ovoid, to c. 4 cm h. and 0 , greyish-
cm br.; Sep. greenish, bordered cream, pale red in green, simple or offsetting; Tub. cylindric; Isp.
the middle, margins entire; Pet. linear-lanceolate, 8:13; Ax. glabrous; Rsp. in Ser., 40-60, white, 3—4
c. 3 mm br., sometimes pale pink in the middle, mm lg., bristle-like, pubescent; Csp.0; FI.1.2 cm lg.
margins entire; Fr. green to reddish, slender- and 0 , white, M.-stripe purplish-reddish; Fr.
clavate, with FI.-remains; S. spherical, black, scarlet, to 2 cm lg.; S. black.—USA (W. Texas, SE.
pitted, 1.5 mm lg.—Mexico (locality? From F. New Mexico), Mexico (N. Chihuahua).
Schmoll, Cadereyta).
M. lengdoblerianaBod. (3:1, 1:2)
M. kunthiiEhrenbg. (3:1, 1:2) Bo. cylindric, to c. 9 cm lg., 3 cm 0 , leaf-green,
Bo. spherical, later elongated, simple; Tub. pyr­ simple; Tub. shortly cylindric; Isp. 8:13; Ax.
amidal ; Isp. ?; Ax. woolly, bristly; Rsp. 20, short, naked; Rsp. in 2 Ser., to over 40, c. 5 mm lg., very
whitish; Csp. 4, stouter, dirty white, tipped brown thin, white, pale yellowish below; Csp.0; FI.1.2 cm
or black; FI. dark pink, Pet. with a lighter lg., and 0 , straw-coloured; Fr. and S. ?—Mexico
border.—Mexico (Fig. 3208, “Die Cact.”, p. 3478.) (NE. Durango).

M. kunzeana Bod. & Quehl (3:1,3:7) M. lentaBrand. (3:1, 1:2)

Bo. spherical to elongated, to 9 cm h., 5-6 cm 0 , Bo.spherical to elongated, 3-5 cm 0 , light green to
glossy, light green, later offsetting; Tub. ± yellowish-green, off-setting and also dividing
cylindric, soft; Isp. 8:13; Ax. without wool, with dichotomously; Tub. slender-conical; Isp. 13:21:
numerous contorted thin Br.; Rsp.20-25,4-10 mm Ax. shortly woolly, sometimes 1 Br. present; Rsp.
lg., bristle-like, snow-white; Csp. 3-4, 1-2 cm lg., 30-40, in several Ser., bristly, to 5 mm lg., weak,
thin-acicular, hairy, the lower one longest, hooked, interlacing, some + projecting, yellowish to
white below, then amber, tipped orange to hyaline; Csp.0; FI.2 cmlg., 2.5 cm 0 , whitish; Fr.
purplish-brown; FI.to 2 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , cream to red, 1 cm lg.; S. black.—Mexico (Coahuila, Viesca
white; Fr. red, spherical, 1.5 cm lg.; S. black.— and Torreón).
Mexico (Zacatecas; Queretaro, Ocotillo).
M. leonaPos. (3:1, 1:1-2)
Bo. cylindric, to 15 cm h., 4 cm 0 , bluish-green,
M. lanata(Br. & R.) Ore. (3:1, 1:2) offsetting to form groups; Tub. conical; Isp.8:13;
Bo.simple or offsetting basally, light green; Tub.in Ax. ± woolly;Rsp.to35,to5mmlg.,fine-acicular,
Isp.13:21,21:34; Ax. more woolly in the flowering white, interlacing; Csp. 7-8, 4-10 mm lg., stiffly
zone; Rsp. 12-20, 1-2 mm lg., white, brownish acicular, thickened below, yellowish to chalky-
below; Csp. 0; FI. 1 cm 0 ; Pet. light pink, with a purple or + slate-coloured, tipped brown; FI.1cm
wide, paler to whitish border, entire; Sep. serrate; lg.; Pet. pinkish-red bordered orange-pink; Fr.
style deep pink above; Sti. purplish-pink; Fr. red; S. dark brown.—USA (Texas, Big Bend),
scarlet; S. olive-greenish to brown.—Mexico Mexico (N. States to S. Zacatecas).
(Puebla, Oaxaca).
Br. & R. state “small”, and Craig says “single M. lesaunieri(Reb.) K. Sch. (3:1, 1:3)
heads 2.5-3 cm 0 ” ; but these data do not tally Bo. ± spherical to oblong, dark green, simple; Tub.
either with the original photo, or the plant we know slender-conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. weakly woolly;
nowadays under this name, which eventually Rsp. 11-13, 4-8 mm lg., thin-acicular, white; Csp.
becomes larger and + cylindric. 1-4, 5-8 mm lg., acicular, purplish-brown; FI. 2.5
cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , flame to carmine; Fr.red, 1.5 cm
M. laneosumma Craig (1:3) lg.; S. light brown.—Mexico (Vera Cruz, near
Bo. broadly spherical, c. 8 cm 0 , light green, Gozatlán, Cerro Gordo).
simple; Tub. shortly conical; Isp.13:21; Ax. white-
woolly, especially in the flowering-zone, with white M. leucanthaBod. (3:1, 3:7)
Br. overtopping the Tub.; Rsp. 13-15, 5-15 mm lg., Bo.spherical to oblong, dark leaf-green, 3.5 cm 0 ,
fme-acicular, white; Csp. 2(-3), 1-1.2 cm lg., rarely caespitose; Tub. cylindric; Isp. 8:13; Ax.
acicular, stiff, brownish-orange, projecting; FI. ? woolly at first, with white Br. 5 mm lg.; Rsp. c. 18.
Fr. ?—Mexico (SW. Chihuahua, SE. Sonora, 5-6 mm lg., very softly hairy, white with a tiny
Sierra Canelo). brownish tip; Csp. 3-4, 5-6 mm lg., 3 of these
hooked, 1 straight, all dark amber; FI. 1.5 cm lg.,
M. lanifera:acc. to D. R. Hunt this name (derived white, M.-line greenish; Fr. ?; S. dark greyish-
from the woolly Ar.) is the older name by 6 years brown.—Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Soledad Diez
for M. rhodantha. Gutierrez).
276
 MAMMILLARIA

M. lewisianaGat. (1:2) [Grafting recommended.] glabrous; Ax. ? Rsp.c. 11, 5-7 mm lg., light brown,
Bo.spherical, with a stout taproot, simple, to 7 cm tips darker; Csp. 4, cruciform, to 1 cm lg., brown,
h.. 11 cm 0 , bluish-green; Tub. ± 4-sided, dark-tipped, lower one hooked; FI.to 3.5 cm lg., 4
pyramidal; Isp.8:13; Ax. sparsely woolly; Rsp. c. cm 0 ; Sep. olive to brownish-green, bordered
10-13, acicular, tipped brown, or the laterals pink; Pet. entire, lavender, bordered light pink or
whitish, the lower ones brownish; Csp. l(-3), white; Fil.white, light pink above; stylesimilarly;
stoutly acicular, + blackish-purple, to over 2 cm Sti. olive-green; Fr. 2 cm lg., red; S. 1.1 mm lg.,
g.. often very strongly curving above or contorted; black.—Mexico (Baja California, 1 mile S. of
FI. 2 cm lg., 1cm 0 , yellowish-green; Sep.reddish; Socorro).
Fr.white or red, to 1.5 cm lg.; S. pinkish-brown.— Close to M. blossfeldiana, but has fewer Rsp.
Mexico (Baja California, N. Viscaino Desert). (Fig.
214, right.) M. macdougaliiRose (1:2)
Bo. broadly spherical, deep green, to 15 cm 0 ,
M. lindsayi Craig (1:3) simple or offsetting; Tub. ± rounded above; Isp.
Bo. spherical, to 15 cm h. and 0 , dark greyish- 21:34; Ax. often with long white wool; Rsp. 10-12,
green, offsetting freely to form groups to 1 m br.; to 2 cm lg., acicular, white to yellowish, dark-
Tub. conical to 4-sided, with the angles indistinct, tipped; Csp. 1-2, to 1 cm lg., acicular, yellowish,
keeled on the underside; Isp. 13:21; Ax. strongly dark-tipped; FI.3.5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , pale greenish-
white-woolly, with white Br.; Rsp. 10-14, 2-8 mm cream, M.-line pale brownish; Fr. green, pink
.g.. upper ones thin, white, lower ones stouter, above; S. dark brown.—USA (SE. Arizona),
brownish to golden-yellow; Csp. 2-4, mostly 4-12 Mexico (N. Sonora).
mm lg., acicular, light golden-brown to reddish; FI.
to 2 cm lg., greenish-yellow; Fr.scarlet, 2 cm lg.; S. M. maeracanthaDC. (1:2)
-ght brown.—Mexico (SW. Chihuahua, Molinas Bo. broadly spherical, to 5 cm h., to 15 cm 0 ,
to Sierra Colorada). simple)?); Tub. oval to ± 4-sided; Isp. 13:21(?);
v. robustiorCraig: Tub. to 1.3 cm br. below; Sp. Ax. woolly; Rsp. 0; Csp. 1-2, to 5 cm lg., +
stouter; Rsp. to 1.3 cm lg.—Mexico (apparently angular, white to brownish, rarely 3, sometimes
only near Molinas). with a few Ssp., more radially placed; FI.red(?).—
Mexico (Central Highlands),
M. lloydii(Br. & R.) Ore. (1:2) v. retrocurva Kell.: Bo. more spherical, Csp.
Bo. broadly spherical to elongated, to 7 cm 0 , curving upwards.
:anple, dark green; Tub.4-angled above; Isp.8:13;
Ax. woolly at first; Rsp. 3-4, to 6 mm lg., subulate, M. magallanii Schmoll (3:1, 1:2) (3:1, 3:7)
reddish to dark brown; Csp.0; FI.1.5 cm 0 , white, [Grafting recommended.]
: rffused pink, M.-line darker; Fr.pink, 8 mm lg.; Bo. spherical, simple, light greyish-green, 4-5 cm
S. light brown.—Mexico (Zacatecas). 0 ; Tub. cylindric; Isp. 13:21; Ax. ± woolly; Rsp.
70-75, 2-5 mm lg., thin-acicular, orange-brownish
M. longicoma(Br. & R.) Berg. (3:1, 3:7) below, soon chalky-white, brown-tipped, strongly
Bo. spherical to oblong, dark green, 3-5 cm 0 , interlacing; Csp. 0-1, 1-3 mm lg., coloured as for
rffsetting; Tub. conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. with long the Rsp., occasionally hooked (a variety?); FI.1cm
woolly hairs; Rsp. to over 25, 6-8 mm lg., hairy, lg., 6 mm 0 , cream, M.-line pinkish-brownish;
white, interlacing; Csp. 4, to 1.2 cm lg., thin- Fr. light carmine, 3 cm lg., S. black.—Mexico
.icicular, 1-2 hooked, all hairy, lighter brown, (Coahuila).
below; FI. + white to creamy-pink; Fr.red, 1,5 cm v. hamatispina Backbg. (3:1, 3:7): Bo. simple or
lg : S. black.—Mexico (San Luis Potosi, near the somewhat offsetting; Rsp. only 40-45, interlac­
State capital). ing, radiating regularly; Csp. 1, hooked, to 8 mm
lg.—Mexico (Coahuila).
M. loricataMart. (1:2?)
Bo.spherical, bluish-green; Ax. woolly; Rsp. 12, to M. magneticola Meyran: Mammillaria vetula
2 mm lg.; Csp. 2, to 10 mm lg., stouter, tipped Mart.
"lack; FI.2.5 cm lg., yellow; Fil.purple; styleand
Sti. yellow.—Mexico (acc. Dietrich). Perhaps a M. magnificaBuchenau
Coryphantha? (Shurly). Bo. cylindric, to 40 cm h., 7-9 cm 0 , forming
groups, with milky sap; crown depressed, woolly,
M. louisaeLinds.-C. & S. J. (US), XXXII: 6, 169. covered with Sp.; R. fibrous; Tub. pyramidal to
1960. (3:2, 5:9) conical, 8-9 mm h., with watery sap; Isp. 13:18;
Bo. subspherical, to c. 3 cm h., scarcely offsetting; Ax. with white wool and Br.; Ar. oval, 2.5 mm lg., 2
R. fibrous; Ar. + white-woolly at first, soon mm br., with yellow wool, eventually white, or the

277
MAMMILLARIA

Ar. is glabrous; Rsp. 18-24, radiating. 3-8 mm lg., M. marksiana Krainz (1:2)
straight, translucent white; Csp. 4-6, cruciform, Bo.broadly spherical, simple, light green, 4.5 cm h.,
the bottom one 35-55 mm lg., almost always 8 cm 0 ; Tub. faintly 4-sided, pyramidal; Isp.
hooked, the others 9-16 mm lg., straight, brown 13:21;Ax. woolly, later glabrous; Rsp. 8-10,thin,
below, then yellowish, brown-tipped; FI. in a stiff, 5-8 mm lg.; Csp. 1, c. 8 mm lg., scarcely
coronet, bellshaped, 20 mm lg., 11-12 mm 0 when stouter; all Sp. ± golden-yellow; FI.c. 1.5cm lg.,
open; Sep. dark purple, bordered yellowish, greenish-yellow; Fr. ?; S. light to dark brown.—
lanceolate; Pet.white below, pink to flesh-coloured Mexico (Sinaloa, Sierra Madre).
above, bordered brownish; Fil.white; An. cream;
style 13 mm lg., white; Fr. pink below, red-violet M. marnieranaBackbg. (3:2, 4:8)
above, 15-22 mm lg.; S. dark brown.—Mexico Bo. shortly cylindric, simple or caespitose, to 10 cm
(Puebla, near San Juan Baptista, at 1500 m, on h., 6.5 cm 0 , crown flat; Tub. conical; Isp. 13:21;
rocks, in black humus-rich soil, pH 4-5). Ax. glabrous; Rsp. toe. 30, to 8 mm lg.; Csp. 1,+
v. minor: Bo. only 25 cm h. and 6 cm 0 ; Tub. subulate and stout, only 2 mm lg.; all Sp. white,
lower but broader; Isp. 8:13; Csp. 4-8, bottom faintly brownish below; FI. 1.5 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 ,
one 15-25 mm lg., mostly hooked, others 6-15 Pet. revolute, purplish-carmine to pink; Fr. ?—
mm lg., light golden-yellow; FI. 17-18 mm lg.; Mexico (Sonora, Santana and San Bernardo).
Pet. with flesh-coloured M.-stripe, bordered
brownish-white; Fr. dirty red, 9-15 mm lg.; S. M. marshalliana(Gat.) Bod. (1:2)
rather smaller.—Mexico (Puebla, Cerro de la Bo. broadly spherical, very low-growing, to 12 cm
Cruz, at 1500 m, on rocks in brown loamy soil, 0 , bluish-green; Tub. and Isp. ?; Ax. weakly
pH 5-6). Variety closely resembling M. tomen- woolly; Rsp. 8-13, irregularly to 1 cm lg.,
tosa and M. flava, but in the case of these latter 2 spreading, white, dark-tipped, later all white; Csp.
plants no data are available regarding FI., Fr. 1, to 1 cm lg., white, dark-tipped; FI. 1.5 cm lg., 2
and S. cm 0 , light greenish-yellow; Fr. ?—Mexico (Baja
California, canyons around San Bartolo).
M. magnimamma Haw. non 0. (1:2)
Bo.broadly spherical, greyish to dark bluish-green, M. martineziiBackbg. (3:1, 1:2)
offsetting to form cushions; Tub. 4-sided, angles Bo. elongated, to 14 cm h., 7.5 cm 0 , bluish-green,
not acute; Isp. 8:13; Ax. with white wool, simple; Tub.slender; Isp. ?; Ax. woolly; Rsp.c. 20,
especially in the flowering zone; Rsp. 3-5, 1.5-2.5 very thin, to 13 mm lg.; Csp. 2, not stouter or
cm lg., ± curving, subulate, horn-coloured, black- longer, directed up and down; all Sp. hyaline,
tipped ; Csp.0, or sometimes 1 Rsp. more centrally yellowish below; Fi. 1.1 cm 0 , carmine; Fr. ?—
placed; FI. to 2.5 cm lg. and 0 , Pet. dirty cream Mexico (Oaxaca, near Mixteca).
with a fine reddish M.-line; Fr.carmine, 2 cm lg.; S.
dark brown.—Mexico (Central Highlands to San M. mathildaeKrahenb. & Krainz 1973
Luis Potosí). Bo. caespitose, flowering at 5-6 cm b., 5 cm 0 ,
v. divergens (DC.) Borg: Rsp. mostly 4, lower glossy, dark to lavender-green, densely set with
one longest, often angular, it and the other longglittering epidermal cells, crown ± sunken; Tub.
Sp. regularly twisted in the same direction, all oblong-rhomboid to cylindric, 8-10 mm lg.,
yellow at first, then horn-coloured; FI.with the rounded above, flatter below, with watery sap; Isp.
M.-line more reddish(?). 8:13; Ar. directed obliquely downwards, 2 mm 0 ,
± round, shortly white-woolly at first ; Ax. ±
naked, rarely somewhat woolly; Rsp. 12-13, thin-
M. mainaeK. Brand. (3:1, 3:7) acicular to bristly and flexible, 5-14 mm lg., snow-
Bo. hemispherical to ± tapering above, pale to white, also 3-4 stouter, rather darker Sp. brownish
bluish or greyish-green, to 10 cm h., sometimes at midway, brownish-red above, ciliate; Csp. 1,
caespitose; Tub.cylindric to conical; Isp.8:13; Ax. stout, stiff, 6-10 mm lg., reddish-brown, brilliant
glabrous; Rsp. 10-15, 6-10 mm lg., stiff, thin- red at first; FI. several at once, subapical,
acicular; Csp. 1— 2(—3), 1.5-2 cm lg., hooked, bellshaped-funnelform, 20 mm lg., 15-17 mm 0 ,
stouter; Sp. yellowish, tips darker, sometimes white; Sep. with a greenish-pink M.-stripe; style
pubescent when young; FI.to 2 cm lg., to 2.5 cm 0 , cream, greenish below, with 4-5 yellowish Sti.; Fil.
white with a red M.-stripe; Fr. red, spherical to carmine-pink below; An. light yellow; Fr,6-7 mm
ovoid, to 2 cm lg.; S.black.—USA (Arizona, Sells), lg., 4-5 mm 0 , carmine; S. rounded, cap- to
Mexico (Sonora, Hermosillo; Sinaloa, Fuerte). helmet-shaped, matt black.—Mexico (Querétaro,
SE. of the town of that name, near La Cañada,
M. mamillaris (Mor.) Karst.: Mammillariasimplex among low bushes and stones, in company with
Haw. Ferocactus latispinus. Found in 1968 by Frau
278
 MAMMILLARIA

'*';:hilde Wagner of Cadereyta de Montes, and ones 4-6 mm lg., the lower one to 2.5 cm lg.,
~:roduced to Europe by Felix Krahenbuhl. Spec, sometimes ± curving, black, becoming grey; Csp.
-r ated to M. zeilmanniana, M. nana and M. rowlii. 1-2, to 5.5 cm lg., + subulate, black, soon
brownish; FI. 1.8 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , Pet. deep pink,
’•!. raatudae H. Bravo (2:3) darker in the middle; Fr.pink to scarlet, 3 cm lg.; S.
Bo. slender-cylindric, to 20 cm lg., to 3 cm 0 , reddish-brown.—USA (Texas; New Mexico),
metimes caespitose; Tub. + conical; Isp. 13:21; Mexico (Nuevo León; Coahuila).
Va . naked; Rsp. 18-20, acicular, 2-3 mm lg.,
rJewish below; Csp. 1, acicular, 4.5 mm lg.; all M. melispinaWerd. (1:2)
Sf. white, at least later, Csp. at first tinted or tipped Bo.somewhat elongated, simple, to c. 8 cm h., 6 cm
- r.x. others brown; FI. 1.2 cm lg., light purple; S. 0 , glossy, green, later bluish-green, rarely off­
;nt brown.—Mexico (borders of Michoacan, setting; Tub. 3-4-sided; Isp. ?; Ax. white-woolly at
aear La Junta). first; Rsp. 0; Csp. (l-)2(-4), 8-12 mm lg., acicular,
thickened below, lighter yellow, becoming darker
M. mavensisCraig (1:3) yellow; FI. 3 cm lg., lemon-yellow; Fr. ?; S.
Bo. oblong, light olive to greyish-green, to 19 cm h., brown.—Mexico (Tamaulipas, Jaumave).
5 cm 0 , simple; Tub. 4-sided; Isp. 13:21; Ax.
' angly white-woolly, with Br.; Rsp. 25-30, 2-6 M. mendeliana(H. Bravo) Werd. (1:3)
lg., thin-acicular, white, tipped yellowish or Bo. spherical to oblong, simple, to 9 cm 0 , dark
brownish; Csp. 5, c. 5 mm lg., thin-subulate, olive-green; Tub. rounded above; Isp. 13:21; Ax.
brownish at first, then horn-coloured; FI. 1.2 cm very white-woolly, with Br. (often disappearing in
t . 1.5 cm 0 , deep pink; Fr. ?; S. ?—Mexico (SW. cultivation?); Rsp. only present as short, white,
. -rhuahua; SE. Sonora, Rio Mayo). bristly H.; Csp. 2-4, 1.5-2 cm lg., pruinose-rough,
brownish-red, black-tipped; FI. with deep pink
'■ 1 mazatlanensis(Reb.) K. Sch. & Giirke (3:2, 5:9) Pet., bordered lighter pink; Fr. + purple, 2 cm lg.;
Bo. shortly columnar, freely offsetting, single heads S. light brown. —Mexico (Guanajuato; Querétaro,
1: -2 cm lg., to 4 cm 0 , greyish-green; Tub.shortly Tarajeas).
-nd broadly conical; Isp. 5:8; Ax. weakly woolly,
my Br. being perhaps only young Sp. on new
growth); Rsp. 13-15, 6—10 mm lg., white, acicular, M. mercadensisPat. (3:2, 5:9)
~:gid: Csp. 3-4, 8-15 mm lg., light brown, Bo. spherical, c. 5 cm 0 , olive to dark green,
somewhat more robust, pungent; FI. 4 cm lg., sometimes caespitose; Tub. + conical; Isp. 8:13;
-¿mune; Fr.brown to reddish-yellow below, 2 cm Ax. naked; Rsp. 25-30, 5-8 mm lg., thin-acicular,
g S. black.—Mexico (Sinaloa, Mazatlan). pubescent at first; Csp. 4-7, 1.5-2.5 cm lg., stiffly
acicular, white below, brown to red or yellow
M. meiacanthaEng. (1:2) above, the lower Sp. longest, hooked; FI. 3 cm 0 (?
Bo. broadly subspherical, to 11 cm 0 , dark to or sometimes less), pale pink.—Mexico (Durango,
rluish-green, simple; R. napiform; Tub. angular. Cerro de Mercado).
Pi ramidal; Isp. 8:13; Ax. woolly in the flowering
: .me, otherwise glabrous; Rsp.5-9, c. 5.5 mm lg. or M. mexicensisCraig (1:2)
more: Csp. 1(— 2), 6-7 mm lg., rather stouter; Sp. + Bo. spherical, simple, to 6 cm h. and 0 , light
-mm-coloured, dark-tipped; FI. 2.5-3.2 cm lg., 2 greyish-green; Tub. pyramidal; Isp. 8:13; Ax. +
-n 0, white, M.-stripe wide, light red;Fr.carmine, woolly at first; Rsp. 15-16, 8-12 mm lg., acicular,
:3 2.2 cm lg.; S. yellowish-brown.—USA (Texas; creamy-white; Csp. 2-8, 8-11 mm lg., acicular,
New Mexico), N. Mexico. creamy-white, brown-tipped; FI. and Fr. ?—
Mexico.
'I.meissneriEhrenbg. (2:1)
Bo. oblong to cylindric, to 12.5 cm h., 2.5-7 cm 0 , M. meyraniiH. Bravo (2:3)
.ffsetting from the sides, + light green; Tub. Bo. eventually long-cylindric, to 55 cm lg., to 5 cm
r yramidal; Isp. ?; Rsp. 16-22, bristly fine, whitish; 0 , yellowish-green, offsetting; Tub. small; Isp.
Csp. 2, rather stouter, directed up and down, light 13:21; Ax. white-woolly at first; Rsp. 17-19, 3-6
rrown, dark-tipped; FI. red.—Mexico (Puebla, mm lg., acicular, yellowish-red at first, tipped
San Andreas). brown, then white, yellow below; Csp. 2, to 1 cm
lg., acicular, orange-yellow at first, brown-tipped,
M. melanocentraPos. (1:2) then dirty white; FI. 1.8 cm lg., purple; Fr. 2 cm lg.,
Bo. depressed-spherical to spherical, to 16cmh., 11light greenish-purple; S. light brown.—Mexico
cm 0 , bluish-green, simple; Tub. acutely 4-angled; (Mexico State, near Santa Barbara),
Isp. 8 : 13; Ax. white-woolly at first; Rsp.7-9, upper I v. michoacana Buchenau: Bo. to 15 cm lg., 7 cm

279
MAMM1LLARIA

0 , dark green, forming groups, crown covered Bo. spherical, greyish-green, to c. 8 cm 0 ,

with Sp, and wool; Tub.7 mmlg. ; Isp.13:21 ; Ar. sometimes old plants have several heads; Tub.
oval, 1.2 mm lg., yellowish-brown ; Ax.woolly in slender, crowded, cylindric-conical; Isp. 7; Ax.
the crown only; Rsp. 16-18, 5-8 mm lg., lower weakly woolly, woollier in the flowering zone; Rsp.
ones longest, yellowish, dark-tipped; Csp. 4, over 20(-24), bristly, white, appressed, ± interlac­
cruciform, 8—10 mm lg., straight; FI. in a ing ; Csp.rather stouter, 2, one above the other, c. 2
coronet, 16-17 mm lg., 11-12 mm 0 , yellowish- mm lg., brown at first above, then grey; FI. 1.2 cm
brownish ; Pet.lanceolate ; Fr.red, 13-15 mm lg., 0 , 1.5 cm lg., pure white; Sep. with a red dorsal
8 mm 0 ; S. brown.—Mexico (Michoacan, near stripe; Fr. c. 8 mm lg., red; S. light brown.—
San José Purna, growing in full sun or under Mexico (Coahuila. Parras).
bushes). Named for Jorge Meyran.
M. mitlensisH. Bravo (3:1, 1:5)
M. microcarpa Eng. (3:2, 5:9) [Grafting recom­ Bo. spherical to cylindric, to 12cm lg., 5-6cm 0 , to
mended.] 55 cm lg. in age; Tub.conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. with
Bo.spherical to cylindric, dark greyish-green, to 16 a few Br.; Rsp.20-25,6-10mm lg,, acicular, white;
cm lg., to 6 cm 0 , ± tapering above, offsetting; Csp. 6,to 2.5 cm lg., reddish-brown to black, one
Tub. conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. naked; Rsp. 20-30, hooked; FI.2cm lg., purple; Fr.greenish-red, 3cm
6-12 mm lg., thin, white to dark yellow, brown- lg.; S. light brown.—Mexico (Oaxaca, near Mitla).
tipped ; Csp. 1—3(—4), 3 upper ones appressed, to 1.8
cm lg., lower one hooked, little thickened below, M. mixtecensisH. Bravo (1:3)
colour varying from light brpwnish to black ; FI.to Bo.spherical, simple; Tub.4-sided; Isp.7; Ax. with
2.5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , pink, M.^stripe darker ; Sti. light white Br.; Rsp. 8-9, subulate, white; Csp. 6-7, 1of
green; Fr. dimorphic, scarlet, to 2.5 cm lg., or these more central, subulate, greyish-reddish,
green, spherical, small; S. black.—S. USA to middle and lowest ones longest; FI. purple.—
Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua). Mexico (Oaxaca, between Tejupan and Suchix-
v. auricarpa Marsh. : Csp. golden-yellow, 1 tlahuaca).
sharply hooked ; Fr.golden-yellow ;
v. grahamii (Eng.): Sp. denser, white; Sti. M. moellerianaBod. (3:1, 3:7)
yellowish ; Bo. becoming oblong-clavate, glossy, leaf-green,
v. milleri(Br. & R.) Marsh. : Bo. later cylindric, simple, c. 6cm 0 ; Tub. cylindric-ovoid; Isp.8:13;
over 20 cm lg., 8 cm 0 ; Csp. 2-4, hooked, Ax.naked; Rsp.35-40,7-9 mm lg., acicular, white;
brown ; FI.2.5 cm 0 , pink to purple ; Sti.yellow Csp. to 8—9( 10), to c. 2 cm lg., stoutly acicular
to cream.—These varieties occur only in USA except for the one longer, stouter, hooked Sp., all
(Arizona). Cs. light honey-coloured, darker above, to golden
or reddish-brown; FI. 1.5 cm lg. and 0 , yellowish-
M. microheliaWerd. (3:1, 1:1) cream, M.-stripe pink; Fr. greenish-white, 1.5 cm
Bo. eventually cylindric, over 15 cm lg., 3.5-4.5 cm lg.; S. black.—Mexico (Durango, Sierra Santa
0 , mid-green, sometimes offsetting from below; Maria).
Tub. shortly conical; Isp. 8:13(7); Ax. weakly
woolly at first ; Rsp. to c. 50, 4-6 mm lg., thin, stiff, M. mollendorffianaShurly (3:1, 1:5)
white above, colour variable, golden-yellow to Bo. spherical to oblong, dark green; Tub. ±
reddish-brown or red below; Csp. (0— )1—2(— 4), cylindric; Isp. 13:21; Ax. very white-woolly, later
usually appearing only later, increasing in number, with Br.; Rsp.24-28, white, to 5 mm lg.; Csp.(4—)6,
to 11 mm lg., red to dark brown, subulate, ± stiffly acicular, 1.4 cm lg., light yellowish-brown,
curving; FI. 1.6 cm lg. and 0 , white to yellowish- red-tipped, the extreme tip black, thickened and
greenish, sometimes verging on pink; Fr.whitish to yellowish-brown below; FI. 1 cm lg., 8 mm 0 ,
pink, 1.1 cm lg. ; S. golden-brown.— Mexico purple above, yellowish-white below; Fr. 1.4 cm
(Querétaro, Sierra San Moran). With intermediate lg., purple; S. yellowish-brown.—Mexico (Hi­
stages to : dalgo).
v. microheliopsis(Werd.) Backbg. : Rsp.and Csp.
more numerous; Csp. 6-8, to 9 mm lg., very M. mollihamataShurly (3:1, 3:7)
variable in colour, from light grey to flesh- Bo. subspherical to ± oblong, dark green, some­
coloured, reddish-brown and blackish-brown; what reddish, to 11 cm h„ 9.5 cm 0 , sometimes
FI. purplish-red, also lighter, sometimes even caespitose; Tub.conical, soft(7); Isp.21:34 (anom­
greenish; Fr.only pale green. Little more than a alous: 19:30); Ax. glabrous; Rsp. 28, very thin, ±
form. contorted, 1cm lg., white; Csp.4, to 1cm lg., lower
one hooked, 0.8 cm lg., all yellowish-brown; FI.
M. microtheleMühlpfrdt. non Monv. (1:1) white; Fr. red, 1 cm lg.; S. black.—Mexico.

280
 MAMMILLARIA

• ariable; FI. sometimes white, or with a red M.- hooked, yellowish below, otherwise orange with a
•tripe; Sp. golden-brown or yellow. dark tip; FI. small, shortly bellshaped, 2 cm 0
when fully expanded; Sep. greenish, shorter than
M. monancistracanthaBackbg. (3:1, 3:7) the Pet.; Pet.under 1cm lg., oblong-lanceolate, not
Bo.simple, to c. 3.7 cm 0 , 4.5 cm h., darker green, recurved, pink to yellowish-orange with a darker
^ubspherical at first, then + tapering above; Tub. M.-stripe; stylepale green with 5-6 light green Sti.;
: ender-conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. with felt and Br.; Fr. green to purplish-red, 8-15 mm lg., shortly
Rsp. c. 23, thin, white, interlacing; Csp. 1( 2), clavate; S. dark reddish-brown, 1-1.25 mm lg.—
rooked (or only one hooked, if 2 are present); Mexico (Chihuahua, Majalca, on fairly steep rocky
reddish-brown, to 8 mm lg., in the centre of the Ar.; slopes among grass, particularly under oaks; rare).
FI. 1.8 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , pale yellowish; Sp. all Belongs to the complex M. wrightii-wilcoxii-
rubescent; Fr.and S. ?—Mexico (San Luis Potosí). viridiflora. Named for its discoverer, D. Morrical
of Las Cruces, New Mexico.
M. monancistria Berg.: Mammillaria scheidweil-
erianaO. M. movensisCraig (1:3)
Bo. flattened-spherical, yellowish to greyish-green,
M. monocentraJac. (1:2) 5 cm h., to 10 cm 0 , simple; Tub. ovoid-conical
Bo. broadly spherical, dark green, to 8.5 cm 0 , above; Isp. 13:21; Ax. with 4—8 white Br., some as
.iter elongated, to 12.5 cm h.; Tub. pyramidal; Isp. long as the Tub.; Rsp. 10-13, 3-15 mm lg., fine-
Ax. white-woolly in the flowering zone; Rsp. 6, acicular, upper ones shortest, white, laterals tipped
2-5 mm lg., sometimes stouter, all projecting; Csp. brownish, lower ones reddish-brown, black-tipped;
1. to 2.5 cm lg., stoutly acicular, + recurved, Csp. (l-)4, 5-20 mm lg., stouter, reddish-brown,
riiowish-brown, black-tipped; FI. small, pink; thickened below; FI. ?; Fr. red, 2 cm lg.; S. light
Sti. reddish-yellow; Fr. ?- Mexico. brown.—-Mexico (SE. Sonora, Movas).
M. montensisCraig (1:3) M. muehlenpfordtiiForst. (1:3)
Bo.flattened-spherical, dark green, simple, 3 cm h., Bo.spherical to oblong, to c. 10 cm h., 8 cm 0 , dark
5 cm 0 ; Tub. conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. sparsely green; Tub. pyramidal; Isp. 13:21; Ax. white-
-oolly, with white Br.; Rsp. 20, 3-7 mm lg., stiff, woolly at first, sometimes with Br. overtopping the
hite, sometimes brown-tipped; Csp. 2(—3), to 1.5 Tub.; Rsp. 40-50, 2-6 mm lg., bristly-fine, white;
cm lg., acicular, stiff, dark purplish-brown, project­Csp. 4, upper ones 4-12 mm lg., lower ones 5-35
ing obliquely up and down ; FI. ?; Fr. ?—Mexico mmlg., acicular, stiff, yellow, brown-tipped;FI. 1.5
tSW. Chihuahua; SE. Sonora, Sierra Cajurichi). cm lg., 1 cm 0 , purplish-red, M.-line dark; Fr.red,
monocentraCraig: Rsp. 20, 3 mm lg.; Csp. 1, 4 to 2 cm lg.; S. light brown.—Mexico (Queretaro;
mm lg.—Mexico (Sonora, Sierra Charuco); Guanajuato).
v. quadricentra Craig: Rsp. to 22, 5-8 mm lg.; v. brevispina(Craig): Csp.only 5-6 mm lg.;
Csp. 4-5, to 2.5 cm lg.—Mexico (Sonora, Sierra v. hexispina (Schmoll): Csp. 6, to 3.5 cm lg.; FI.
Canelo). more tubular, smalfer, to 9 mm lg.;
v. longispina (Craig): Csp. 4, to 2.5 cm lg. and
VI.morganianaTieg. (1:1) more;
Bo. spherical to clavate, light bluish-green, to 8 cm v. nealeana (Tieg.): Ax. with many long-
0 . simple or branching dichotomously; Tub. projecting Br.-H.; Rsp. very fine; Csp. 4,
pyramidal, weakly angular; Isp. variable: 8:13, cruciform, dark; plants attaining over 10 cm 0 ;
13:21, 21:34; Ax. with numerous H. as long as the FI. fairly deep red.
Tub.; Rsp. 40-50, to 1.2 cm lg., very fine to hair- There is a much stouter and dichotomously
ke. contorted, interlacing; Csp. 4—6, 1 cm lg., branching form which Frau Schmoll called M.
sliffly acicular, white, brown-tipped; FI.,Fr..S. ?— potosina v. gigantea.
'■léxico (Guanajuato, Bucareli; Querétaro).
M. multicentralisCraig (3:1, 3:7)
M. morricaliiCowper 1969 Bo. subspherical, dark green, to 2 cm 0 , offsetting
Bo.simple, sometimes in small groups of 2-5 heads to form low mats; Tub. soft, cylindric; Isp. ?; Ax.
5-13 cm h., 1.5-8 cm 0 , ovoid to shortly cylindric, glabrous; Rsp.30-40, to 1.2 cm lg., hair-like, white;
noticeably yellowish-green; Tub. cylindric. green; Csp. 12-1 5,4 mm lg., one stouter, acicular, hooked,
Isp. 13:21; Ax. with short white wool; Ar. with yellowish to brownish, the others very fine-
Aiort yellowish wool, round, 8 mm apart; Sp. acicular, white, tipped light brownish; FI. 8 mm lg.,
concealing the Bo., lending it a yellowish ap­ 6 mm 0 , pale pink; Fr. reddish, ovoid, 1.3 cm lg.;
pearance; Rsp. c. 22, straight, regularly spreading, S. dark reddish-brown.—Mexico (Queretaro,
5-8 mm lg., light yellowish, + erect; Csp. 1, Tarajeas?). The turnip-like R. is rather limp.
281
M A M M IL LA R E

M. multicepsSD. (3:1, 1:5) purple; S. coffee-coloured.—Mexico (Puebla,

Bo. spherical to shortly-cylindric, to 2 cm 0 , to Petlalzingo-Acatlán).
over 10 cm lg., darker greyish-green, freely
offsetting to form larger groups; Tub. slender, M. mundtiiK. Sch. (3:1, 1:3)
rather soft; Isp. 8:13; Ax. with longer hairlike Bo. spherical to elongated, leaf-green, to 7 cm 0 ;
contorted Br.; Rsp. 30-50, 2-5 mm lg., hair-fine, Tub. conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. naked; Rsp. 10-12,
pubescent, white; Csp. 6—8(—12), 6-8 mm lg., thin-subulate, white, to 5 mm lg.; Csp. 2(-4), to 10
spreading, thin-acicular, hairy, thickened and mm lg., somewhat stouter-aciculate, more brown,
whitish below, otherwise reddish-yellow to lighter below; FI.to 2 cm lg., 1.4 cm 0 , carmine;
reddish-brown; FI. to 2 cm lg.; Pet. brownish, Fr. 7; S. brown.—Mexico (Querétaro, La
bordered pale greenish-yellow; Fr. scarlet, 8-12 Fosiquin).
mm lg.; S. black.—USA (Texas, Eagle Pass and
Rio Grande), Mexico (Coahuila; Tamaulipas; M. mystax Mart. (1:3)
Nuevo León). Bo. spherical to oblong, dark greyish-green, to 15
v. perpusilla Meinshsn.: Bo. very small; Sp. cm h., 10 cm 0 , simple or caespitose; Tub. 4-
paler; Csp. yellowish, ± appressed; general angled, pyramidal; Isp. 13:21; Ax. white-woolly,
appearance is whitish. with contorted Br.; Rsp. 5-6(-10), 4-8 mm lg.,
white, brown-tipped; Csp. 3-4, mostly 3, to 2 cm
M. multidigitataLinds. (3:1, 2:6) (also 3:1,1:1) lg., one more central to 7 cm lg., dark purple at
Bo.cylindric, to 20 cm lg., 2-5 cm 0 , green, witLpp first; Sp.very variable in length and colour; FI.2.5
to 100 heads together; Tub. conical; Isp. 13:21(7); cm lg., 2 cm 0 , purplish-pink, lighter inside; Fr.
Ax. weakly woolly; Rsp. 15-25, 6-8 mm lg., white, red, 2.5 cm lg.; S.dark brown.—Mexico (Hidalgo
thin-acicular; Csp. (1— )4, to c. 8 mm lg., brown at to Oaxaca).
first, reddish below, then darker above, white
below midway, straight or one Sp. sometimes
hooked; FI.15 mm lg., white, Pet. sometimes with a M. nana Backbg. (3:1, 1:2 or 3:7)—Descr. Cact.
yellowish stripe; Fr. clavate, red, 15 mm lg.; S. Nov. Ill: 8, 1963.
black.—Mexico (Baja California, San Pedro Bo.spherical, with a taproot, to c. 2.5 cm 0 , mostly
Nolasco island). less, c. 1.5 cm h., glossy, fresh green; Tub.cylindric,
to c. 6 mm lg. when turgid; sap watery; Isp. 5:8;
M. multiformis(Br. & R.) Bod. (3:1, 3:7) Ax. at first with some wool, later also with slender
Bo. spherical to more strongly clavate or oblong, Br.; Ar. oblong, c. 2 mm lg., with short white felt
several times as long as broad, greyish-green, virtually only in the middle; Rsp. c. 35, very thin,
offsetting; Tub. conical, soft, sometimes cylindric; hyaline, radiating, pubescent; Csp. 0, then 1 in the
Isp. 8:13(7); Ax. with white wool and long white upper part of the Ar., later sometimes 2, one above
Br.; Rsp. c. 30, thin-acicular, yellow, projecting; the other, the upper one straight, lower one
Csp. 4, 8-10 mm lg., stiffly acicular, lower one hooked, both brownish (in 1 Ar. I have also seen 4
porrect, hooked, all reddish above; FI.to 1 cm 0 , Csp. in a vertical R.), directed upwards, pubescent,
deep purple; Fr. ± spherical; S. black.—Mexico to c. 5 mm lg., thin; FI.c. 1 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , Pet.
(San Luis Potosí, Alvarez). entire; Sep.creamy white, with a red M.-line, c. 2.5
mm br., linear, tapering; Pet. equally narrow,
M. multihamata Bod. (3:1,3:7) concolorous creamy-white or at most with a faint
Bo. spherical to shortly cylindric, dark leaf-green, dorsal M.-line; Sti.short, greenish-cream; Fr. 7—
to 5 cm 0 ; Tub.cylindric; Isp.8:13; Ax. glabrous, Mexico (San Luis Potosí, on the road to Balnearios
but with hair-like Br.; Rsp. c. 25, 8 mm lg., bristly, Lourdes). (Fig. 215.) In habitat, this spec, remains
hairy, white; Csp.7-9,1 cm lg., 2-3 straight, others smaller and the Csp. are missing. Mammillaria
hooked, dark red to reddish-brown; FI. 1.5 cm lg., nana hort. was only a name in MfK., 129. 1894.
1.2 cm 0 , white (to pink, acc. Bod.), M.-stripe pink
or darker; Fr. 7; S. brownish-black.—Mexico IM. nana nom. prov. Kráhenbühl: KuaS Dec.
(Guanajuato). I 1968/228: no description available.

M. multisetaEhrenbg. (1:3) M. napina J. A. Purp. (3:2, 4:8) [Grafting

Bo. spherical to cylindric, mostly simple, light recommended.]
green, to 12.5 cm h., to 7.5 cm 0 ; Tub. 4-sided, Bo.hemispherical, passing over into the turnip-like
pyramidal; Isp. 7; Ax. white-woolly, with to c. 30 taproot, light green, c. 4-6 cm 0 ; Tub.conical; Isp.
white Br. to 16 mm lg.; Rsp. 4-6, 8-10 mm lg., 1 8:13; Ax. weakly woolly or glabrous; Rsp. 10-12,
darker, more central, others to 7 mm lg., acicular, 8-9 mm lg., appressed, interlacing, hyaline to light
white, tipped dark-brown; FI. 7; Fr. 2 cm lg., yellow; Csp. 0; FI. 4 cm 0 , violet-pink, lighter
282
 MAMMILLARIA

:owards the centre; Fr. ?; S. black(?).—Mexico description was insufficient for any positive identi­
Puebla, W. of Tehuacan). fication.
v. centrispinaCraig: mostly with 1 Csp. 5-8 mm
lg- M. neomystax Backbg. (1:3)
Bo. spherical to elongated, to 10 cm h., 8 cm 0 ;
M. nealeana Tieg.: Mammillariamuehlenpfordtiiv. Tub.4-angled;Isp.8:13(?); Ax. moderately woolly
nealeana(Tieg.) Backbg. at first, with longer Br.; Rsp.(3—)4(—
5), to 6 mm lg.,
white, tipped dark brown; Csp. 0-1, to 2 cm lg.,
M. nejapensisCraig & Daw. (1:3) curved upwards, brown; FI.light red, c. 7 mm lg.,
Bo. spherical to ± clavate-elongated, to 15 cm h., 1.3 cm 0 ; Fr.red; S. brown.—Mexico (mountains
■5 cm 0 , offsetting or sometimes branching W. of Rio Grande, in the Tehuacan-Oaxaca area).
dichotomously; Tub.conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. more
woolly above, with long ± contorted Br.; Rsp. M. neopalmeriCraig (3:1, 1:2 or 1:5)
3-)4(-5), 2-5 mm lg., lower one longest, to 2.5 cm Bo. rather oblong, to 9 cm lg., 5 cm 0 , caespitose,
lg- all acicular, white, reddish-brown at the whitish to greyish-green to bluish-green; Tub.
extreme tip; Csp.0; FI. 1.8 cm lg., 1cm 0 ; Pet.pale truncated-conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. white-woolly,
reddish-brown, bordered whitish, or sometimes with short Br.; Rsp. 25-30, 5-6 mm lg., very fine-
with a scarlet M.-stripe; Fr. light red, 2 cm lg.; S. acicular, white; Csp. (3-)4, 7-8 mm lg., thin-
rale golden-yellow.—Mexico (Oaxaca, NW. of acicular, brownish, dark-tipped, lowest Sp. por-
Nejapa). rect; FI. 1.2 cm lg., 1 cm 0 , pale greenish-white to
• brevispinaCraig & Daws.: Rsp. only 2-4 mm light cream, M.-line olive-green; Fr.scarlet, 1.3 cm
lg.; lg.; S. black.—Mexico (Baja California, NW.
\ longispinaCraig & Daws.: upper Rsp.4-5 mm coast, San Benito island).
lg., lower ones to 5 cm lg.
The spec, and its varieties can also be considered as M. neophaeacanthaBackbg. (3:1, 1:3)
more divergent forms of M. praelii Mühlpfrdt. Bo. eventually cylindric; Tub. conical; Isp. 8:13;
which occurs in the same province. Ax. very woolly; Rsp. 0; Csp. (2-)4,first blackish,
then grey, reddish-brown when wet, to 2.2 cm lg.;
M. neobertrandianaBackbg. (3:1, 1:2) FI. 1.8cm lg., carmine; Fr.red, 1.8cm lg.; S. light
Bo. rather oblong, to 6 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , dark olive- brown.—Mexico (Guanajuato, Dolores Hidalgo).
green, caespitose; Tub. conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax.
raked; Rsp.and Csp.not differentiated, similar, to M. neoschwarzeanaBackbg. (1:2)
36, 1-5 mm lg., first pinkish, then all white, very Bo. broadly spherical, later caespitose; Tub. 4-
fine,appressed; FI.very small, white; Sep. with a sided, angles not acute; Isp. 8:13(7); Ax. woolly;
rrown dorsal stripe.—N. Mexico. Rsp. 7, stoutly acicular, projecting, light; Csp. 1,
mostly shorter than the Rsp., porrect, less stout,
reddish-brownish; FI.2.3 cm lg., cream to reddish-
M. neocoronariaKnuth (3:1, 1:2) white, M.-line faintly reddish; Fr. carmine; S. 1
Bo. spherical at first, then elongated, to c. 15 cm h., mm lg., light brown.—Mexico (N. Sinaloa to
to 7 cm 0 , green, becoming greyish-bluish, Sonora).
-lespitose; Tub. conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. glabrous;
Rsp. 16-18,whitish, to 8mm lg.; Csp. mostly 6, to M. nivosa Lk.: Mammillaria flavescens v. nivosa
; 1.5 cm lg., varying from yellowish or brown to (Lk.) Backbg.
mby-red; FI. to 17 mm lg., light carmine.—Mexico
Hidalgo, Real del Monte, Sierra Rosa). M. nunezii(Br. & R.) Ore. (3:1, 1:5 or 2:6)
Bo.becoming oblong, little offsetting, dull green, to
M. neocrucigeraBackbg. (2:1) 15 cm h., 8 cm 0 ; Tub. conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax.
Bo. depressed-spherical to more oblong, mostly with 8-10 Br.; Rsp. 25-30, 5-7 mm lg., thin-
>Titary: Tub. small, conical; Ax. woolly; Rsp. + acicular, white; Csp. (2— )4(5—6), subulate, reddish-
rumerous, short, white; Csp. 4, to 6 mm lgX brown above to black-tipped; FI. 15 mm lg., deep
-'.outer, cruciform, flat against the Bo., greyish- pink to purplish-pink; FI.pale greenish-white, pale
: rown to blackish; FI. small, violet-pink; Sti.,style pink above, 2.3 cm lg.; S. brown.—Mexico
and Fil. coloured similarly.—Mexico (San Luis (Guerrero, Taxco and Iguala, near Buenavista de
Potosí). Cuellar).
This is my new name for a plant Bodeker v. solisii(Br. & R.) Backbg.: Rsp. in part rather
: Toneously first called M. crucigera, and later M. longer; Csp. 1,hooked. Form with all centrals
r seudocrucigera; but this was never validly pub- hooked; there are also plants with mixed Sp.-
red and was a homonym of Craig’s spec. The types.
283
MAMMILLARIA
V.

M. obconella Scheidw. (3:1,1:3) bordered white; Fr. red, 2 cm lg.; S. light brown.—
Bo. becoming columnar, to 30 cm h., sometimes Mexico (Oaxaca).
much taller, to 12 cm 0 , dark green, caespitose in
habitat, forming colonies; Tub. with 4 rounded M. ocotillensis Craig (1:2)
sides, almost conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. with much Bo. flattened-spherical, simple, matt light green, to
white wool at first; Rsp. 0 or few, very thin; Csp. 6 cm 0 , 7 cm h.; Tub. weakly 4-sided; Isp. 13:21;
4(— 5— 6), 1 curving upwards, to 2.5 cm lg., Ax. glabrous; Rsp. (2-)3(^l), 3-10 mm lg., thin-
yellowish-brownish to dark honey-coloured at acicular, chalky-white; Csp. 1— 2(—3), upper ones
first; FI. 2 cm lg., carmine; Fr. dark red, to 2.3 cm 3-15 mm lg., lower ones 12-35 mm lg., stoutly
lg.; S. yellowish-brown.—Mexico (Hidalgo, Bar­ acicular, dark purplish-brown, + black above; FI.
rancas of Meztitlan). Mostly known by the more cream-coloured, M.-stripe reddish; Fr. carmine,
recent name: M. dolichocentra Lem.; close to M. 1.7 cm lg.; S. reddish-brown.—Mexico (Queretaro,
ingens. Ocotillo, Sierra San Moran).
v. galeottii (Scheidw.) Backbg.: Tub. conical, v. brevispina Craig: Tub. shorter, 5 mm lg.; Rsp.
light green; Ax. always glabrous; lower part of 4-10 mm lg.; upper Csp. 3-4 mm lg., lower ones
Ar. sometimes with 1-3 short Br., soon falling; to 1.2 cm lg.;
Csp. 4-5, yellowish, brown-tipped, strongly v. longispina Craig: Tub. longer, 8 mm lg.; Rsp.
recurved.—Mexico (Jalapa). 4-10 mm lg.; upper Csp. to 15 mm lg., lower ones
to 3.5 cm lg.
M. obscura Hildm. (1:2)
Bo. + depressed-spherical, simple, to 8 cm h., 11 M. oliviae Ore. often goes under its own name, but
cm 0 , dark green; Tub. shortly pyramidal; Isp. is generally held to be only a form of M. microcarpa
13:21: Ax. white-woolly at first; Rsp. 6-8, 8-14 mm Eng. in which the centrals are not hooked;
lg., thin-subulate, whitish to horn-coloured, short­ there are forms intermediate to the latter in which
ly brown-tipped; Csp. 2-4, the lowest one longest, hooked centrals sometimes occur; FI. 3 cm 0 ,
to 2 cm lg., upper ones shorter, thin-subulate, purple; Sti. green (!).—USA (Arizona, Tucson).
rough, reddish to horn-coloured, tipped dark
brown to black; FI. 1.5 cm 0 , dirty whitish-yellow, M. orcuttii Bod. (1:2)
M.-line pink; FY. red; S.. dark brown.—Mexico Bo. spherical to shortly columnar, glossy, dark
(Queretaro, near Tollman; Zacatecas). bluish-green, 6-7 cm 0 , simple; Tub. ± shortly
v. wagneriana-turtulospina Craig: Csp. to 4.5 cm conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. with much white wool at
lg., contorted. first, becoming glabrous; Rsp. 0; Csp. 4(-5),
spreading outwards, stiff-acicular, pitch-black at
M. obvallata O.: possibly the older, and therefore first, brownish below, becoming frosted-grey,
valid, name for M. fuliginosa SD. lowest Sp. to 2 cm lg., others to 1.5 cm lg.; at first
also 6-8 hair-like Ssp. 2 mm lg., soon dropping; FI.
M. occidentalis (Br. & R.) Bod. (3:1, 1:5 or 2:6) c. 1.2 cm lg. and 0 , light carmine, M.-stripe
Bo. slender-columnar, to 15 cm h., 2-3 cm 0 ; Tub. darker; Fr. red, to 3 cm lg.; S. reddish-brown.—
conical; Isp. 5:8; Ax. not woolly, sometimes with a Mexico (Puebla, near Esperanza).
few Br.; Rsp. 12-18, 3-8 mm lg., thin-acicular, The first name may have been M. bergii Miqu.
white to yellowish, brown-tipped; Csp. 4-5, 5-12
mm lg., acicular, stiff, reddish-brown, lowest one M. ortegae (Br. & R.) Ore. (1:2)
hooked or straight; FI. 1 cm lg., pink to deep pink; Bo. shortly clavate, to 8 cm 0 , simple; Tub.
Fr. reddish; S. black.—Mexico (Colima, Manzan­ pyramidal; Isp. 8:13; Ax. woolly; Rsp. 3-4
illo ; Nayarit; Sinaloa). (sometimes with 1-2 Ssp.), 6-10 mm lg., stoutly
v. monocentra (Craig) Backbg.: Csp. 1, 7 mm lg., acicular, yellowish-brown, projecting; Csp. 0; FI.
acicular, reddish-brown, straight to bent, some­ reddish (?); Fr. reddish, 1 cm lg.; S. light brown.—
times ± hooked.—Mexico (Sonora, Yaqui Mexico (Sinaloa).
valley). There are also forms with very short Csp.
M. ortiz-rubiona (H. Bravo) Werd. (3:1, 1:2)—
M. ochoterenae (H. Bravo) Werd. (3:1, 1:3) (3:2,4:8)
Bo. depressed-spherical to slightly elongated, Bo. depressed-spherical, greyish-green, to 10 cm 0 ,
simple, light green, to 8 cm 0 ; Tub. conical; Isp. quite freely offsetting; Tub. cylindric to clavate;
13:21; Ax. naked; Rsp. 17-18, 4-9 mm lg., thin- Isp. 8:13; Ax. with numerous Br.-H. overtopping
acicular, white to light amber, interlacing; Csp. the Tub.; Rsp. 25-30, 4-15 mm lg., + hair-fine,
5-6, 10-20 mm lg., thin-subulate, sometimes white, interlacing; Csp. 4-6, 1.2 1.5 cm lg.,
slightly curving, yellowish-grey, tipped red, becom­ acicular, white, sometimes pink-tipped; FI. 3.5 cm
ing brown, tipped black; FI. 1 cm lg., pink, lg., 3 cm 0 , pale greenish-white to pale pink; Fr.
284
 MAMMILLARIA

carmine; S. black.—Mexico (Guanajuato; Quer­ tomously or caespitose; Tub. rounded; Isp. 8:13;
etaro, on the border between the two States). Ax. with a few white Br.;Rsp. 18-20, 3-4 mm lg.,
thin, white, yellow below; Csp. 4-5, 5-8 mm lg.,
M. pachycylindricaBackbg. (1:2) acicular, orange-yellow, one often projecting; FI.,
Bo.simple, stout-cylindric, to 26 cm h., 11.5 cm 0 , Fr.and S. ?—Mexico (Chihuahua, between Parras
greyish-greenish; Tub. conical; Isp. 13:21; milky (Coahuila) and Chihuahua city).
sapdrying to brownish; Ax. later weakly felty; Rsp.
20-23,4-8 mm lg., whitish-grey; Csp.c. 6, thin; Sp. M. parkinsoniiEhrenbg. (1:1 or 1:3)
± pinkish-white at first, centrals dark to blackish Bo. (depressed-)spherical to elongated, branching
above; FI.c. 2 cm lg. and 0 , greenish-pink to dirty dichotomously to form large groups, bluish-green,
pink (inside); Fr. 2.5 cm lg., carmine both outside single heads to 15 cm h., 8 cm 0 ; Tub. pyramidal,
and in; S.brown.—Mexico. minutely spotted; Isp.8:13, also 13:21; Ax. white-
woolly, with white Br.; Rsp. 30-35, 3-7 mm lg.,
M. pachyrhizaBackbg. (1:2) white; Csp. 2^4(—5), upper ones 6-8 mm lg., lower
Bo. simple, to 15 cm 0 , leaf-green, visible part ones to 3.5 cm lg., mostly shorter, to c. 2 cm lg., +
aboveground to 4 cm h., with a stout taproot deep stoutly subulate, milk-white to reddish, tipped dark
in the soil; Tub. + compressed; Isp. 13:21(?):Rsp. brown; FI. 1.5 cm lg.; Pet. brownish-pink, bor­
15-18, to 1 cm lg., white, interlacing; Csp. 4-6, + dered cream; Fr.scarlet, 1cm lg.; S.light brown.—
thickened below, to 1.2-1.6 cm lg., white, yellowish Mexico (Hidalgo to Queretaro).
or reddish; FI. white; Fr. dull red; S. ?—Mexico v. brevispina Craig: Tub. in Isp. 13:21; Rsp.
(borders of Puebla and Jalapa, Las Derrumbadas, 35—40, 1-4 mm lg.; Csp. 4(-5), 3-5 mm lg.; FI.
among grasses). white below, tipped pale pink;
v. dietrichae (Tieg.) Backbg.: Csp. less stoutly
M. parifiea(Gat.) Bod. (1:2) subulate, rather long and crowded, whitish to +
Bo. spherical, to 15 cm h. and 0 , dark green, blackish-brown above.
caespitose or branching dichotomously; Tub. A very variable spec. There are also forms with
weakly 4-angled; Isp. ?; Ax. woolly; Rsp. 7—12, stouter Bo.
white, brown-tipped, 5-10 mm lg.; Csp. 1, to 1.5 cm
lg., stiffly acicular, brown-tipped; FI. greenish- M. patonii(H. Bravo) Werd. (3:2, 5:9)
yellow, darker in the middle; Fr. ?—Mexico (Baja Bo.columnar, olive-green, to 15cm lg., 4-5 cm 0 ,
California, coast near Todos Santos). offsetting; Tub. ± cylindric; Isp. 5:8(?); Ax.
Although sometimes referred to both M. bax- naked; Rsp. 13-15, grey, brown-tipped; Csp. 4,
teriana and M. marshalliana, this spec, diverges in stouter, to 1.2 cm lg., one slightly hooked, blackish-
size, dark-green Bo.-colour and more closely- red; FI. 3 cm lg., purple; Fr. green; S. black.—
spaced Tub. Possibly only a variety. Mexico (Nayarit, Islas Marias),
v. sinalensis (Craig) Backbg.: Rsp. only 10-12,
M. painteriRose (3:1, 3:7) 5-7 mm lg.; Csp. 1, 8-10 mm lg., strongly
Bo. spherical to oblong, 2 cm 0 ; Tub. rounded; hooked; Ax. glabrous; FI. 2.5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 ,
Isp. 8 :13; Ax. weakly woolly; Rsp. 20 or more, 5 purplish-pink.—Mexico (Sinaloa).
mm lg., hair-fine, white; Csp. 4-5, 1 cm lg., thin-
acicular, lowest one hooked, dark brown above; all M. pearsonii hort.: only a name; seedlings
Sp. hairy; FI. to 1.5 cm lg., greenish-white, pale resemble M. elegans.
yellow in the middle; Fr.red, 1 cm lg.; S. black.—
Mexico (Queretaro, San Juan del Rio). M. peninsularis(Br. & R.) Ore. (1:2)
Bo. broadly spherical, sunk low in the ground, to
M. palmeriJac. non Bod. (3:1, 1:3) 4 cm 0 , pale bluish-green, sometimes caespitose;
Bo. spherical to ± columnar, to 12 cm h., 6-7 cm Tub. acutely 4-angled, rounded above, keeled
0 , simple, dark green; Tub. broadly to cylindri- below; Isp.5:8; Ax. long-woolly at first; Rsp. 4—8,
cally conical, compressed; Isp. ?; Ax. thickly ± slender-subulate, pale yellow, brown-tipped;
woolly; Rsp. (18— )24—26, 4—7 mm lg., bristle-like, Csp. 0, or 1 Rsp. placed more centrally; FI. 1.5 cm
white, dense; Csp. 4, 4-6 mm lg., amber below, lg., greenish-yellow, M.-line reddish; Fr.and S. ?—
reddish-brown above; FI.to 17 mm lg., 20 mm 0 , Mexico (Baja California, Cape San Lucas).
light greenish-yellow, M.-stripe narrow, yellowish-
red; Fr. ?— Origin? M. pennispinosaKrainz (3:1, 3:7)
Bo. spherical, simple, to c. 3 cm h. and 0 , more
M. parensisCraig (3:1, 1:5) elongated when grafted; R. napiform; Tub. cylin­
Bo. spherical to shortly columnar, very low in the dric, minutely floccose; Isp.8:13; Ax. shortly felty
ground, dark greyish-green, branching dicho­ at first; Rsp. 16-20, 5-8 mm lg., thin, greyish-

285
MAMMILLARIA

white; Csp. 1(—3), one hooked, projecting, fairly 8-9 mm lg., upper one 1.4 cm lg., lower one to
long, yellow below, reddish-brown or lighter 1.2 cm lg., subulate, thickened below, reddish,
above; all Sp. hairy*; FI. 1.5 cm lg., 1.2 cm 0 , becoming black; FI.deep red or lighter; Fr. pink,
white, M.-stripe carmine-pink; Fr. long-clavate, 1.5 cm lg.; S. light brown.—Mexico (San Toro,
red; S.black.—Mexico (Coahuila). Regia).
M. pentacanthaPfeiff. (1:2) M. phitauiana Baxt.: Mammillaria verhaertiana
Bo. spherical, intense green, offsetting from the Bod.
sides, to 12 cm 0 ; Tub. angular-conical; Isp. 5:8,
8:13?; Ax. increasingly white-felty; Rsp. 4, cruci­ M. phymatotheleBerg (1:2)
form; Csp. 1, c. 4 cm lg., porrect or pointing Bo. spherical to oblong, dark bluish-green, to 9 cm
downwards; Sp. brownish, then ash-grey.— 0 , rarely offsetting; Tub. pyramidal, keeled
Mexico. Variable spec. below; Isp.8:13; Ax. moderately woolly; Rsp. 3-7,
upper ones 3-6 mm lg., laterals to 1.7 cm lg., lowest
M. perbellaHildm. (2:1) one to 3.5 cm lg., greyish-white, red-tipped,
Bo. broadly spherical, branching dichotomously, sometimes with 3 short Ssp.; Csp. l(-2), to 2 cm lg.,
bluish to greyish-green, single heads scarcely over 6 reddish-yellow to darker red, becoming grey,
cm 0 ; Tub. slender-conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. black-tipped; FI. to 1.5 cm lg., flame to carmine;
weakly woolly; Rsp. 14-18, 1.5-3 mm lg., bristly, Fr. ?—Mexico (Hidalgo).
thin; Csp. 2, 4—6 mm lg., stouter; FI.to 10 mm lg., v. trohartii Craig non Hildm.: Bo. more de­
carmine-red; Fr. ?—Mexico. Variable. One form pressed; Csp. to 4; Pet. deep purplish-pink,
(v. lanata Schmoll) has a woollier crown and rather border paler; Fr. reddish, 2.1 cm lg.; S. light
longer, whiter Rsp. brown.— Mexico.
M. petrophilaBrand. (1:3)
Bo. depressed-spherical to elongated-spherical, to M. pictaMeinshsn. (3:1, 1:5)
15 cm 0 , greyish-green, sometimes caespitose; Bo. spherical to elongated, taprooted, glossy, dark
Tub. conical, weakly angular; Isp. 8:13; Ax. with leaf-green, simple, to 4 cm 0 ; Tub. conical-
light brownish wool and Br.; Rsp. 8-10, 1-1.5 cm cylindric; Isp. 8:13; Ax. glabrous, with a few Br.;
lg., thin-acicular; Csp. 1-2, to 2 cm lg., acicular, Rsp. 12-14, 6-8 mm lg., very thin, white, + dark-
dark nut-brown, later paler; FI. 1.8-2 cm lg., pale tipped at first; Csp. l(-2), to over 1cm lg., acicular,
greenish-yellow; Fr. small, spherical, red; S. yellowish below, otherwise white, tipped dark
reddish-brown.—Mexico (Baja California, near reddish-brown; Sp.sometimes ± hairy (acc. Bod.)
the S. cape, Sierra de la Laguna and Francisquito). but this, as with some other spec., is not constant;
FI. 9 mm lg., 11 mm 0 , Pet. creamy-white, olive-
M. petterssoniiHildm. (1:2) green in the middle; Fr. red, small; S. black.—
Bo. subspherical, dull light green, simple or Mexico (Tamaulipas, Rio Blanco).
caespitose; Tub. indistinctly 4-angled, keeled
below; Isp. 13:21; Ax. with curly wool; Rsp. to M. pilensisShurly (1:1 or 1:2)
10-12, uppers 3 mm lg., lower ones 10-15 mm lg., Bo. elongated-clavate, to 10 cm h., to 18 cm 0 (or
thin-acicular, dirty white, dark-tipped; Csp. 1-4, vice-versa?), light green; crown very woolly; Tub.
uppers to 2 cm lg., lowest one to 4.5 cm lg., stouter, short, 4-angled; Isp. 13:21; Ax. very woolly,
brownish, darker-tipped; FI. 2.4 cm lg., deep becoming glabrous; Rsp. 4—6, acicular, white,
purplish-pink; Fr. ?—Mexico (Guanajuato), sometimes tinged pink, tipped reddish-black, lower
v. longispina Schwarz, not described: Rsp. ones mostly longer; Csp. 1-2, the lower one con­
variable in length, mostly less numerous, at first siderably longer, mostly concolorous black, the
black like the Csp., soon becoming + horn- shorter one white, dark-tipped; Sp. variable in
coloured; Csp. much longer. length; FI. and Fr. ?— Mexico (Querétaro, Rio
Infernillo).
M. phaeacantha Lem. (3:1, 1:5)
Bo. spherical, simple, green; Tub. ± cylindric, M. pilispinaJ.A. Purp. (3:1, 1:3)
slightly compressed laterally; Isp.8:13; Ax. white- Bo. + flattened-spherical, dark green, to c. 4cm 0 ,
woolly, with contorted Br.; Rsp. 16-20,4-5 mm lg., forming small groups; Tub. cylindric, papillose;
bristly-fine, white, darker below; Csp. 4, laterals Isp.8:13( ?); Ax. with curly H.; Rsp.with a circle of
fine hair-like Sp., white, also 4—5 stouter ones, 6-7
* Appearing feathery, giving the plant its characteristic mm lg., thickened below and yellow, white above
appearance : grafted plants, at least, offset fairly freely that, tipped brown; Csp. 1, to 7 mm lg., coloured
when older (Translator). similarly; all Sp. shortly hairy; FI. 1.5 cm 0 ,
286
 MAMMILLARIA

whitish-yellow.—Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Minas carmine.—Mexico (Hidalgo, Actopan, Zim-

San Rafael). apan);
v. setosa SD.: Bo. to 30 cm h., dark green; Rsp.
M. pitcayensisH. Bravo (1:3) longer-persisting, 8-14, pendant and beard-like;
Bo. cylindric, to 24 cm lg., 4 cm 0 ; Tub. conical- Csp. c. 6, the lowest one longest, blackish-red
cylindric; Isp. 13:21(7); Ax. woolly, with up to 10 becoming greyish-whitish; FI. small, dark
Br.; Rsp. and Csp. not separable, c. 17 outer ones pinkish-red (locality ?).
and c. 14 more central, 5-6 mm lg., acicular, thin, Variable, apparently more so with increasing age.
weak, yellowish to dirty white; FI. 2 cm lg., purple;
Fr. and S. ?— Mexico (Guerrero, Barranca de M. posseltianaBod. (3:1, 3:7)
Pitcaya). Bo. spherical to elongated, dark leaf-green, to 5cm
0 , simple; Tub. conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. white-
M. plumosa Web. (3:1, 1:2) [More attractive on woolly; Rsp. 20, 9 mm lg., thin-acicular, white;
own roots than when grafted.] Csp. 4, 9 mm lg., stiffly acicular, lower one
Bo. subspherical, to c. 7 cm 0 , light green, concolorous brown, + hooked; FI.2.5cm lg., 1.5
offsetting to form cushions; Tub. soft, cylindric; cm 0 , white, M.-stripe deep pink; Fr. pale green,
Isp.8 :13; Ax.white-woolly; Rsp.to 40,3-7 mm lg., 1.5 cm lg.; S. black.—Mexico (Guanajuato, Sierra
soft, white, feathery; Csp. 0;FI. 1.5 cm lg., 1.4cm de Guanajuato).
0 , white, M.-line inconspicuous, throat greenish;
Fr. reddish; S.black.—Mexico (Coahuila, growing M. potosina Reb.: Mammillaria muehlenpfordtii
on cliffs, from Saltillo to Monterrey). Forst.

M. polyedraMart. (1:2-3) M. praeliiMuehlpfrdt. (1:3)

Bo.spherical to oblong, to c. 10 cm h. and 0 , deep Bo. spherical to oblong, pale to dark bluish-green,
to c. 11 cm lg., 8 cm 0 , later offsetting freely; Tub.
green, simple or caespitose; Tub. angular-
pyramidal, keeled below; Isp. 13:21; Ax. woolly, 4-6-angled, keeled below; Isp. 13:21; Ax. with
dense white to brownish wool, with up to 18 Br. as
later with Br.; Rsp. (2— )4(—6), uppers 3-4 mm lg., long as the Tub.; Rsp. 4(-5), c. 2.8 mm lg., stoutly
lower one c. 2.5 cm lg., somewhat stouter, others acicular, yellowish-cream to brown, becoming
thin-acicular, black to purplish-brown, becoming
lighter, red-tipped; Csp.0; FI.to c. 2.5 cm lg., 2 cm white, brown-tipped; Csp. 0; FI.to 2 cm lg., 1 cm
0 , pale to pinkish-red, M.-line darker; Fr. scarlet, 0 , greenish to yellowish-white, M.-line reddish;
2 cm lg.; S. reddish-brown.—Mexico (Oaxaca). Fr. red, 2 cm lg.; S. brown.—Mexico (Oaxaca).
Variable; M. nejapensis may also be referable here,
v. viridis(SD.) Craig: Rsp. 5(-6); Csp. 1(— 2); FI.
M. polygonaSD. (1:3) pale yellow, M.-line red.
Bo. becoming clavate to oblong, to 10 cm h.; Tub.
4-angled, pyramidal; Isp. ?; Ax. with wool and M. pringlei(Coult.) Brand. (3:1, 1:3-5)
hair-like Br.; Rsp. 8, 1-4 mm lg., uppers 2-3, Bo. spherical to elongated, to c. 16 cm h., 7 cm 0 ,
minute, whitish, sometimes absent; Csp. 2, to 2.5 yellowish to greyish-green, simple; Tub. conical,
cm lg., stoutly subulate, flesh-coloured below, sap semi-milky; Isp. 13:21; Ax. white-woolly,
reddish-brown above; FI.pale pink; Fr.and S.7— sometimes with one short Br.; Ar.at first yellowish
Mexico (Puebla; Morelos: B5d.). Craig’s state­ (always so?),woolly; Rsp. 15-20, 5-8 mm lg., fine-
ment that the base of the Sp. was “carmine” was acicular, yellowish; Csp. 6(—7), stiffly acicular, +
due to an error in translation (“carneis” = flesh- strongly curving, yellow, to 2.5 cm lg.; FI.c. 1cm
coloured). Appears to be close to M. phymatothele, 0 , deep red; Sti. brownish (Craig: in M. rhod-
but insufficiently known, or rare in cultivation. antha, green to pink); Fr. reddish, 1.5 cm lg.; S.
brown.—Mexico (Mexico State; San Luis Potosí),
M. polytheleMart. (1:2) v. longicentraBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. I ll: 8.
Bo. spherical to oblong, to 50cm h., 10cm 0 , dark 1963; differs in the Bo. being more broadly
greyish to bluish-green, rarely offsetting; Tub. spherical, green, to 11 cm 0 , 10 cm h.; Ar. very
conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. woolly, becoming glab­ white-woolly at first; milkproduced only within
rous ; Rsp.missing, or rare and dropping, thin; Csp. the Bo.; Ax. woolly, Br. not perceptible; Rsp. c.
mostly 2(— 4), yellowish or reddish to dark brown, 20,not in one plane, to 10mmlg., yellow; Csp.4,
arranged vertically or cruciform, to 2.5cm lg.; FI.2 cruciform, the lowest one pointing ± down­
cm lg., 1 cm 0 , pink to carmine; Fr. red; S. dark wards, to 4 cm lg., the 3 others projecting,
brown.—Mexico (Flidalgo, Ixmiquilpan). contorted or curving around the Bo., ± equal,
v. columnaris SD.: to 1 m h.; Sp. 5-6, more light yellow.—Mexico (Hidalgo, Barranca
projecting, brown, lower ones longer; FI. Venados). (Fig. 216, above.)
287
 c
MAMMILLARIA

M. prolifera(Mill.) Haw. (3:1, 1:5) M. pseudoschiedeana Schmoll (to date without

Bo. spherical to oblong, to 6 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , dark Latin diagnosis) (3:1, 1:2): Bo. larger than in M.
green, offsetting strongly to form cushions; Tub. schiedeana and M. dumetorum, offsetting freely:
soft, rounded to conical; Isp. 5:8; Ax. weakly Sp. in several Ser., whitish or light, bristly, fine-
woolly, with white Br. overtopping the Tub.; Rsp. acicular, interlacing and + distinctly projecting.—
to 40, 6-10 mm lg., bristle-like, white; Csp. Mexico.
5-9(-12), to 8 mm lg., thin-acicular, hairy, thick­
ened below, pale yellow; FI. 1.4 cm lg., creamy- M. pseudoscrippsianaBackbg. (1:2)
yellow, M.-line reddish-brownish; Fr. orange-red, Bo. somewhat oblong, bluish-green, to 10 cm h., 8
1cmlg.; S.black.—W. Indies (Cuba; Haiti?), cm 0 , caespitose; Tub. broadly rounded; Isp.
v. haitiensis (K. Sch.) Borg: Bo. somewhat 8:13(7); Ax. very woolly; Rsp. 7-8, upper one 2
stouter, to 7 cm 0 (Borg); Sp. more numerous, mm lg., others longer, lowest one to 6 mm lg..
denser, whiter; Csp. yellowish, becoming pure stoutly acicular, white; Csp. 2, one directed
white; less floriferous than the type.—Haiti. upwards, the other projecting, to 9 mm lg., scarcely
stouter, reddish, becoming white; FI. to 2 cm lg.,
M. pseudoalamensisBackbg. (3:2, 4:8) glossy, white; Fr. red; S. brown.—Mexico (Naya-
Bo.conically elongated, offsetting from the base, ± rit, near Ahuacatlan).
concealed by the Sp.; Tub. shortly conical; Isp.
8:13(7); Ax. glabrous; Rsp. to c. 23, white, M. pseudosimplexW. Haage & Backbg. n.sp. (3:1,
interlacing; Csp. 1, little longer, projecting; FI.just 1:3)
over 2 cm 0 , red, light olive below; stylecarmine; Bo. broadly spherical to spherical; Tub. conical:
Pet. funnelform, not revolute.—Mexico (Sonora, Isp. 13:21(7); Ax. weakly woolly; Rsp. 12, 4 mm
near Alamos). lg., white, red-tipped; Csp.(2—)4, 5 mmlg., scarcely
stouter, reddish-brownish; FI. small, light yellow:
M. pseudocrucigeraCraig non Bód. (1:2) or (1:1) Fr. ?— Colombia (Sogamoso).
Bo.flattened-spherical, low in the soil, dark grey to M. pubispinaBod. (3:1, 3:7)
olive-green, simple, to 5 cm 0 ; Tub. 4-angled,
pyramidal, keeled below; Isp. 8:13; Ax. ± woolly; Bo. spherical, dark leaf-green, to 4 cm 0 , simple;
Rsp. 12-13, l-2mmlg.,fine-acicular, white;Csp.4, Tub. soft, cylindric; Isp. 13:21; Ax. weakly woolly,
3-4 mm lg., subulate, thickened below, chalky- with a few hair-like Br.; Rsp. 15, 8-12 mm lg., hair­
white, orange-brown below, tip small, dark; FI.1.2 like, ± contorted, interlacing, white; Csp. (3-)4,
cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , with a pink M.-line and a broader 9-10 mm lg., thin-acicular, reddish to blackish-
white border; Fr. light red, 2 cm lg.; S. brown.— brown, the lowest one hooked; all Sp. + hairy;
Mexico (Querétaro, between Cadereyta and FI. 1.8 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , pure white to cream, M.-
Colón). stripe pink; Fr. ?, S. black ?— Mexico (Hidalgo.
Ixmiquilpan).
M. pseudocrucigera Bod. non Craig: Mammillaria M. pullihamataBackbg. (not yet completely validly
neocrucigeraBackbg. described) (3:1, 3:7?)
Bo. (at first?) broadly spherical, (over?) 6 cm 0 ,
M. pseudoperbellaQuehl (3:1, 1:3-4) green; Tub. broadly conical; Isp.8:13; Ax. weakly
Bo. flattened-spherical to shortly cylindric, leaf- woolly, with a few Br.; Ar. woolly at first; Rsp.
green, to 15 cm 0 , simple or branching dicho- 22-26, dull white, those in the upper third thinner
tomously; Tub. cylindric; Isp. 13:21; Ax. + than the thin-acicular ones of the lower Ser., not
woolly; Rsp. 20-30, to 3 mm lg., bristle-fine, pure exactly in one plane, to 6 mm lg.; Csp. 6, dirty
white; Csp. 2, upper one 5 mm lg., lower one reddish to golden-brown, 3 straight, porrect, lower
shorter, projecting, subulate, brown, tipped one hooked, c. 1.5 cm lg.; FI.?; Fr.slender-clavate,
reddish-brown; FI.1.5 cm lg., Pet. carmine, darker dull carmine, 1.5 cm lg., with floral remains; S. c. 1
in the middle; Fr. light red; S. brown.—Mexico mm lg., yellow, obliquely oval, hilum low on one
(Querétaro, Higuerillas; Central Mexico; Oaxaca). side.—Mexico (Oaxaca, 2800-3000 m, growing
with orchids, on cliffs). Colour-photo in “Die
M. pseudorekoiBod. (2:3) Cact”, VI: 3900, Fig. 3546, 1962.
Bo. spherical to shortly cylindric, to 12 cm h., 5-6
cm 0 , green, simple; Tub. conical; Isp.8:13; Rsp. M. pusilla Sweet: Mammillaria prolifera (Mill.)
c. 20, scarcely 6 mm lg.; Csp.4-7, to 1cm lg., brown Haw.
to black, straight, or the lowest one hooked; FI.
slightly over 1.5 cm lg.; Fr. red.—Mexico (Puebla; M. pygmaea (Br. & R.) Berg. (3:1, 3:7)
Morelos). Bo.spherical to oblong, dark reddish-green, to over
288
 MAMMILLARIA

3 cm 0 , caespitose; Tub.soft, cylindric; Isp.13:21; 4-5,10-15 mm lg., stoutly acicular, brown, porrect,
Ax. with fine contorted Br.; Rsp. to 15, to 1.2 cm straight; FI.bellshaped, 15 mm lg., deep purple; Fr.
lg., hair-like, scarcely pubescent, white; Csp.4, 5-8 red; S. brown.—Mexico (Oaxaca).
mm lg., fine-acicular, smooth, golden-yellow to
somewhat brownish-yellow, the lowest one M. rettigianaBod. (3:1, 3:7)
hooked; FI.to 1.2 cm lg., creamy-white, M.-stripe Bo.depressed-spherical to oblong, dark leaf-green,
brownish; Fr. reddish; S. black.—Mexico (Quer­ to 4 cm 0 , somewhat branching; Tub. long-
etaro, Cadereyta). cylindric; Isp. 8:13; Ax. naked or weakly woolly;
Rsp. 18-20, to 1cm lg., very thin, white to yellow,
M. pyrrhocephalaSchweidw. (1:3) later grey; Csp. 3-4, upper ones 1.2cm lg., lowest
Bo. oblong, to 8 cm h., greenish to + bluish-green, one to 1.5cm lg., hooked, all red to dark brown,
simple or caespitose; Tub. 4—5-angled, keeled lighter below; FI. 1.5cm 0 , delicate pink, with a
below; Isp.13:21; Ax.with white or brownish wool lighter border ;Fr.red, small; S. brownish-black.—
and long Br.; Rsp. 4-6, 2^1 mm lg., subulate, dark Mexico (Hidalgo; Guanajuato).
reddish-brown, reddish below; Csp.0, rarely 1, to 3
mm lg., black; FI. 2 cm lg., Pet. pink, centre deep M. rhodanthaLk. & O. (3:1, 1:5)
pink; Fr.pink below, light green above, 2 cm lg.; S. Bo. spherical to oblong, to 30 cm h., 10 cm 0 ,
light brown.—Mexico (Hidalgo; Oaxaca). simple, offsetting or branching dichotomously,
dark green; Tub. cylindric-conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax.
M. queretaricaCraig (1:2) white-woolly, bristly; Rsp. 16-20, 6-10 lg., lower
Bo. spherical, to 7 cm 0 , 6 cm h., dark green, ones longest, thin-acicular; Csp.4—7,10-25 mm lg.,
simple; Tub. -4-sided; Isp. 13:21; Ax. sparsely ± straight, stoutly acicular, smooth; all Sp.whitish
woolly; Rsp. 30, 3-4 mm lg., bristly, white; Csp.4, to yellowish; FI.2 cm lg., 1.6 cm 0 , deep purplish-
4- 7 mm lg., the lowest one longest, stoutly acicular, pink; Fr. reddish, 2.5 cm lg.; S. light brown.—
light brown, tipped dark or black, later chalky- Mexico (valley of Mexico; Hidalgo; Queretaro).
white; FI. and Fr. ?—Mexico (Queretaro, Rio v. crassispina K. Sch.: Sp. long, stout, dark
Infernillo). yellow to brown;
v. fulvispina (Haw.) Schelle: Sp. light to mid­
M. quevedoi Schmoll, not described; appears to brown ;
have been a form of M. bravoae, with darker Csp. v. rubens Pfeiff.: Sp. ruby-red, becoming dark
brown;
M. radiaissimaLinds. (3:1, 1:3) v. rubraK. Sch. (including v. ruberrima K. Sch.):
Bo.subspherical, to 5 cm h. and 0 , offsetting freely Sp.mid to dark red.
to form groups; Tub. soft; Isp. 8:13(7); Ax.
glabrous or weakly woolly; Rsp.to 50, to 1.8 cm lg., M. ritterianaBod. (1:3)
bristle-like, white; Csp. 1-8, to 6 mm lg., pale Bo. spherical, dark leaf-green, to 6 cm 0 , simple;
brown; FI. 3 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , lemon-yellow; Fr. Tub. pyramidal; Isp. 13:21; Ax. shortly white-
and S.. ?LjMexico (Baja California, Puente woolly, with stout white Br.; Rsp. 18-20, 5-7 mm
Escondido, N. of La Paz.) [Haage adds: Lau reports lg., ± hair-like, pure white; Csp. 1-2,1 cmlg., thin-
he was unable to find it in this locality.] subulate, white to yellowish-brown or ± black; FI.
Appears to resemble M. vetula, but with more Csp. to 1.4 cm lg. and 0 , white with a pink M.-line; Fr.
and rather longer Rsp.; is this the “lemon-yellow red, 1 cm lg.; S. pale reddish-brown.—Mexico
flowered M. vetula” mentioned in the literature? (Coahuila, between Monterrey and Saltillo, near
Higueras).
M. rekoi(Br. & R.) Vpl. (2:2) v. quadricentralis Craig: Csp. 4, 5-6 mm lg.,
Bo. subspherical to elongated, green, to 12 cm h., stiffly acicular, purple, then brownish, black-
5- 6 cm 0 , simple; Tub. conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. tipped; FI. pale greenish-white, M.-line
white-woolly, with up to 8 white Br.; Rsp. 20, 4-6 greenish.—Origin 7
mm lg., thin-acicular, white; Csp. 4, 1-1.5 cm lg.,
stiffly acicular, brown, the lowest one ± curving M. rosensisCraig (1:2)
and hooked; FI.1.5 cmlg., deep purple; Fr.red, 1.2 Bo. flattened-spherical, greyish-green, to 10 cm 0 ,
cm lg.; S. brown.—Mexico (Oaxaca). 4 cm h., simple or branching dichotomously; R.
napiform; Tub. conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. densely
M. rekoianaCraig (2:1) white-woolly; Rsp.c. 25, 3^1 mm lg., thin-acicular,
Bo. + clavate, to 12 cm h., simple; Tub. conical; white; Csp. 4( 5), ± projecting, top and bottom
Isp.8:13; Ax.with tufts of white wool and to 8 Br.; ones 1.2—1.7 cm lg., stoutly subulate, laterals 4-6
Rsp. c. 20, 4-6 mm lg., thin-acicular, white; Csp. mm lg., stoutly acicular, thickened below, dark
289
MAMMILLARE

brown to black, becoming chalky, brownish- upper ones much shorter; Csp. 4-6, to 13 mm lg..
white, tipped dark brown; FI. 7; Fr. carmine; S. stiff, spreading, + bent, brownish-red, horn-
light brown.—Mexico (Queretaro, San Juan de la coloured below, bottom Sp. very long; FI. almost
Rosas). 1.5 cm lg., vivid purplish-red; Fil. and style light
purplish-red.—Mexico (Hidalgo, Atotonilco el
M. roseoalbaBod. (1:2) Chico, Sierra Rosa). Craig believes the above name
Bo. broadly spherical, to 18 cm 0 , 6 cm h., dark may be the earliest one for M. graessneriana; but
bluish to greyish-green, simple; Tub. pyramidal; whereas the Ax. in M. rutila are described as “felty
Isp. 8:13; Ax. weakly woolly; Rsp. 4-6, to 1.5 cm at first”, just as in the M. graessneriana hybrid, M.
lg., upper ones smaller, laterals 5-6 mm lg., ± thin- schulzeana (Fig. 3110, “Die Cact.” V, p.3363), in
subulate, cream-coloured, black-tipped; Csp.0; FI. M. grassneriana the Ax. have plenty of much
1.5 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , bellshaped, white, M.-line longer-persisting curly wool. The number of Rsp.
light to dark pink; Fr.red, 1.5 cm lg.; S.brownish- can be somewhat higher than that given by
yellow.—Mexico (Tamaulipas, near Victoria). Bodeker, and I have counted up to 6 Csp. which
were yellow with a reddish-brown tip; acc. to
M. roseocentraBod. & Ritt. (3:1, 1:3) Bodeker the Sp. (which are certainly variable) are
Bo. spherical, caespitose and forming mats; R. reddish-brown, as given for the 4-6 Csp. of M.
stout; Tub. short; Isp. ?; Ax. naked; Rsp. 25, in 2 rutila; and this was probably why Craig gave the
rows, short, white, inner ones shorter, an attractive two plants as being perhaps identical; but M. rutila
pink at first, + red in the crown; FI. and Fr. 7— has only 14-16 Rsp. Clarification is not possible
Mexico (Coahuila, near Viescas). until these plants are re-collected.
M. rossianaHeinr. (1:5) M. saboaeGlass
Bo. columnar, to 30 cm h., over 5 cm 0 , greyish- Bo. remaining small, simple or offsetting, 1-2 cm h.
green, caespitose; Tub. cylindric-conical, with and 0 ; Tub. very small, c. 2.5 mm lg.; Ar. with
milky sap; Isp. 8:13; Ax. weakly woolly at first; some white wool; Rsp. numerous, hyaline, yellow
Rsp. c. 20, to 7 mm lg., thin, white or sometimes below, 2 mm lg.; FI. 4 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , pink with
yellowish; Csp.2—3(—4), the bottom one longest, to lighter borders and a dark M.-stripe; S. black,
11 mm lg., mostly ± hooked, all brown; FI.to 2.1 glossy.—Mexico (SW. of Chihuahua, at c. 2000 m,
cm lg., 8 mm 0 , ± tubular, carmine-pink, throat on volcanic tufa. Has been described as “the
whitish;Fr. ?— Mexico. smallest Mammillaria with the largest FL”. Named
for its discoverer, Mrs. Kathryn Sabo of Wood­
M. rubidaBackbg. (1:2) land Hill, Calif.
Bo. broadly spherical, to c. 9 cm h., 13 cm 0 ,
bluish-green, usually suffused reddish all over, but M. saetigeraBod. & Tieg. (1:3)
especially where exposed to the sun; Tub. pyr­ Bo.spherical, to 7 cm h. or rather more, dark green,
amidal, flanks + angular; Isp.8:13(7); Ax.woolly; simple; Tub. pyramidal; Isp. 13:21; Ax. white-
Rsp.c. 8, to 1.5 cm lg., acicular; Csp. 1,to 2 cm lg., woolly, with white Br.; Rsp. 15-20, to c. 7 mm lg.,
later rather longer, little stouter; all Sp. at first white; Csp. 2, 7-11 mm lg., thin-subulate, white,
reddish to darker; FI. 2.2 cm lg., greenish-white; brown-tipped, projecting; FI. 2 cm lg. and 0 , white
Fr. and S.7—Mexico (Sinaloa, Sierra Madre near with a deep pink M.-stripe; Fr. red, 1.8 cm lg.; S.
Bacuribito). yellowish-brown.—Mexico (Querétaro, borders of
San Luis Potosí, Hacienda Cenca),
M. ruestiiQuehl (3:1, 1:5) v. quadricentralis Craig: Bo. bluish to greyish-
Bo. spherical at first, later oblong, to over 7 cm h., green ; Tub. 4-angled; Isp. 13:21; Ax. with dirty-
to 5 cm 0 , leaf-green, simple, perhaps later white wool and numerous yellow Br.; Rsp.
offsetting; Tub.conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. with white 16-18; Csp. 4, to 14 mm lg., light purple at first,
wool and Br.; Rsp. 16-22, to 6 mm lg., thin- tipped dark brown; FI. 1.3cmlg., 1.5 cm 0 , pale
acicular, glossy, white; Csp. 4(-5), cruciform, 7-8 pink, M.-stripe darker.
mm lg., acicular-subulate, rather thicker below,
light to dark reddish-brown, at first sometimes +
black, becoming lighter below; FI. 2 cm lg. and M. saffordii(Br. & R.) H. Bravo (3:2, 5:9)
1.5-2 cm 0 , carmine, throat white; Fr. red; S. Bo. spherical to oblong, to 4 cm h., dark green;
brown.—Honduras and Guatemala. Tub. soft; Isp. 7; Ax. naked; Rsp. 12-14, later bent
± outwards, at first white below, tipped light red,
M. rutilaZucc. (3:1, 1:3) later yellowish below; Csp. 1, stout, reddish, 1.5 cm
Bo. spherical, dark green, to 13 cm h. and 0 ; Tub. lg., hooked; all Sp.hairy on new growth; FI.2.5 cm
conical; Isp. ?; Ar. felty at first; Rsp. 14—16, white, lg., pink.—Mexico (Nuevo León, Icamole).
290
 MAMMILLARIA

M. saint-pieana Backbg.(l:2)—Descr. Cact. Nov. M. scheidweilerianaO. (3:1, 3:7)

Ill: 8. 1963. Historically an insufficiently known spec. The plant
Bo. simple, spherical, greyish-green, to c. 7 cm 0 ; usually known nowadays by this name—with
sapmilky; Isp.13:21; Tub.pyramidal, + angular; axillary Br.—was described by Br. & R.:
Ax. woolly; Ar. glabrous; Rsp. 4-6, 2-6 mm lg., Bo.spherical to oblong, light green, offsetting; Tub.
horn-coloured to white, 1-2 uppers shorter and cylindric; Isp. 8:13; Ax. bristly; Rsp. 9-11, bristly
thinner; Csp. 4, sometimes + angular, straight or fine, 1cm lg., white; Csp. 1-4,brown, 1-2 of these
weakly curving, reddish to horn-coloured, 0.5-1.2 hooked; all Sp.hairy; FI.to 13mm lg., pinkish-red;
cm lg., one directed downwards, to 2.7 cm lg., Fil. and style white below, carmine or pink
sometimes thickened below; FI. 1.5 cm lg., 1.2 cm above.—Mexico (no locality stated).
0 , whitish; Sep. entire, with a reddish M.-line; Craig described similar plants under this name:
style whitish.—Mexico (no more precise locality “dark green; Ax. only woolly; Rsp. 25-30; Csp.
given; probably collected by Schwarz). (Fig. 216, 1-4, yellowish-white below, purple-tipped; FI.
below.) pink, M.-line and tip brownish; S. black”.—(In the
State of Hidalgo, near Zimapan). This may be a
M. sanluisensisShurly (3:1, 3:7) still undescribed spec.
Bo. subspherical, dark green, to c. 2.5 cm 0 and
more, caespitose, forming groups; Tub. soft, M. schelhaseiPfeiff. (3:1, 3:7)
cylindric; Isp.8:13;Ax.glabrous, with to 12sinuate Bo. spherical to oblong, pale green to dark green
white Br.; Rsp. c. 40, 7 mm lg., white, very thin; (above), caespitose; Tub. soft, cylindric; Isp.8:13;
Csp.5-8,c. 1cmlg., ± concolorous reddish-brown Ax. ± woolly;Rsp. 15-20,8-10mmlg.,bristle-fine,
at first, later only above, white below; all Sp. white; Csp. 3, 12-18 mm lg., all reddish-brown,
smooth; FI. 2 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 ; Pet. few, pure uppers bristly, lower ones stout, hooked; FI.to 2.5
white; Fr. light red, 5 mm lg.; S. black.—Mexico cm lg., 1.2 cm 0 , white, M.-line pink or red; Fr.
(N. San Luis Potosí). red; S. black.—Mexico (Hidalgo, Real del Monte,
Ixmiquilpan and Actopan).
M. santaclarensisCowper
Bo. to 16 cm lg., to 5 cm 0 , with spherical M. schiedeanaEhrenbg. (3:1, 1:2)
branches; Tub. 5-10 mm lg., 3-6 mm 0 ; Isp.8:13; Bo. broadly subspherical, to 4 cm 0 , offsetting to
Ax. glabrous; Ar. round, white or yellowish, form groups; Tub. rather soft, cylindric-conical;
glabrous or nearly so; Rsp. 30, more on older Isp. 13:21; Ax. with longer white woolly H.; Rsp.
plants, fewer on juveniles, 5-12 mm lg., white or to 75, in several Ser., 2-5 mm lg., hair-like,
straw, longer ones reddish-brown; Csp. 1-4, 5-18 interlacing, whitish below to yellowish above, to
mm lg., one of these longer, strongly hooked, golden-yellow in the crown, roughly pubescent;
reddish-brown, yellowish below; FI. long­ Csp. 0; FI.2 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , white to yellowish-
bellshaped, 2 cm lg., to 1.5 cm 0 when fully open, white; Fr.light carmine, c. 1.2 cm lg.; S. black.—
not recurved; Pet.pink or light pink with a darker Mexico (Hidalgo, e.g. Puente de Dios in the
M.-stripe; style white or light green, with light Barranca of Meztitlan). R. often napiform. There
green Sti.; An. yellow; Fr. green to red, 8-15 mm are various forms: Bo. sometimes dark green,
lg.; S.dark reddish-brown.—Mexico (Chihuahua, sometimes lighter; R. sometimes napiform, elon­
in the Santa Clara Canyon [hence the specific gated; Sp. concolorous white, or yellow in the
name], c. 27 km W. of Ciudad Juarez). crown, or all yellow.

M. sartoriiJ. A. Purp. (1:2, rarely 1:3) M. schielianaSchick (3:1, 1:5)

Bo. spherical to elongated, dark bluish-green, to c. Bo. broadly spherical and tapering, or elongated,
12 cm 0 , sometimes caespitose; Tub. firm, to 10 cm h., 7 cm 0 , sparsely offsetting, dark green;
pyramidal; Isp.: 8:13; Ax. very white-woolly, Tub. conical; Isp.21:34; Ax. white-woolly at first,
sometimes with a small Br.; Rsp.4(— 6), 5-8 mm lg., with longer hair-like Br.; Rsp. 25-30, bristly, c. 5
acicular, smooth, dirty to brownish-white below, mm lg. white, slightly brownish below; Csp. 5-6,
tipped brown, strongly projecting, often with rather stouter, c. 5 mm lg., pungent, white,
bristly Ssp.; Csp.0-1 or more, 1-8 mm lg., strongly brownish-red above, and initially also further
acicular, tipped white to brownish; FI.to 2 cm lg., down; FI.perfumed, to 1.3 cm 0 , ivory-white, M.-
yellowish to brilliant carmine, M.-line darker; Fr. line reddish; Fr. ?—Mexico.
carmine, 1.6 cm lg.; S. reddish-brown.—Mexico
Vera Cruz, Huatusco: Hacienda El Mirador). M. schmollii(H. Bravo) Werd. (3:1, 1:3)
v. brevispinaJ. A. Purp: Bo. dark green; Sp. 1-2 Bo. depressed-spherical, 7 cm 0 , olive-green,
mm lg., brown; simple; Tub. conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. naked; Rsp.
v. longispinaJ. A. Purp.: Sp.to 8 cm lg., curving. 23-25, 4-5 mm lg., thin-acicular, glossy, white;
291
MAMMILLARIA

Csp. 11-15, 7-10 mm lg., one longer and more upper ones 5-8 mm lg.. lower one to 1.5 cm lg.,
central, all honey-coloured; FI.yellow; Fr. and S. thin-acicular, hooked, all white, brown-tipped; all
?—Mexico (Oaxaca, near Mitla, presumably in the Sp. hairy at first; FI. to 2 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , light
mountains). yellow to white, M.-line brownish-red; Fr. scarlet,
2 cm lg.; S. black.—Mexico (Zacatecas and
M. schwartzii (Fric) Backbg. n.comb.—Haagea Queretaro).
(Porfiria Böd.) schwartzii Fric, Möllers Dtsch.
Gärtn.-Ztg., 219.1926(1:1) M. seitzianaMart. (1:3)
For a description, see Porfiria schwartzii (Fric) Bo. spherical to oblong, green, offsetting; Tub.
Böd., since this is the name still more widely used. pyramidal; Isp.8:13; Ax. with wool and Br.; Rsp.
Bödeker’s name was correctly based on Fric’s 4-6, unequal, lower one to 3 cm lg., others 3-4 mm
corrected basionym. Moran’s M. schwarzii is a lg., sometimes also 1Ssp., all straight or + curving,
homonym of Shurly’s name for another spec. flesh-coloured to yellowish-brown, black-tipped;
Moran’s M. coahuilensis v. albiflora (Böd.) Csp.0; FI.2.5 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , pale flesh-pink; Fr.
Moran, which he named as a variety (fig. in ?; S. brown.—Mexico (Hidalgo, near Ixmiquilpan
Succulenta, 11: cover, 1963) was originally only and Zimapan).
provisional; Bödeker later described the plant as
M. albiarmata Böd. M. semperviviDC. (1:2)
Bo. spherical to elongated, to over 7 cm 0 , dark
M. schwarziiShurly (3:1, 2:6) green, sparsely offsetting; Tub. slender-pyramidal,
Bo. spherical, becoming + elongated, to over 3.5 angled; Isp. 13:21; Ax. woolly; Rsp. only on new
cm 0 , increasingly hidden by the Sp., green, growth, 3-7, short, acicular, to 3 mm lg., pure
offsetting; Tub. soft, + cylindric; Isp. 8:13; Ax. white; Csp. mostly 2, stout, scarcely exceeding 4
with up to 6 Br. to 5 mm lg.; Ar. with persistent mm lg., + subulate, reddish, then white or horn-
white wool; Rsp. 34-40, c. 8 mm lg., thin, hair-like, coloured; FI. 1 cm lg., Pet. dirty white with a
straight, + projecting, interlacing; Csp. 8-9, 1 reddish dorsal stripe, or to yellowish and even
quite central, 5-6 mm lg., glossy, white, mostly pink; Fr. red, 8 mm lg.; S. light brown.—Mexico
light brownish-red above, sometimes entirely so or (Hidalgo to Vera Cruz).
to midway, one Csp. sometimes hooked; FI.1.5 cm v. caput-medusae (O.) Backbg.: Bo. bluish to
lg., 1.2 cm 0 , white, M.-line pale green; Fr. ?— greyish-green; Tub. slender-conical, angular
Mexico (N. Guanajuato). below; Sp. 3-6, to 5 mm lg., subulate, reddish to
± pinkish-red, tipped brown, becoming grey,
M. scrippsiana(Br. & R.) Ore. (1:2) rough; FI. 1.6 cm lg., white, dorsal stripe red.
Bo. spherical to elongated, bluish-green, to 6 cm h., (Hidalgo, Barranca Venados, near Meztitlan);
simple; Tub. oval, rounded; Isp. 13:21; Ax. very v. tetracantha DC.: Csp. mostly 4. (Hidalgo,
woolly; Rsp. 8-10, 6-8 mm lg., thin-acicular, pale near Ixmiquilpan).
reddish above; Csp.2,8-10mm lg., stiffly acicular,
brown; Fl.1.5 cm 0 , pink, border paler; Fr. red; S. M. senilis SD.: The name is not referable to
brown.—Mexico (Jalisco, Barranca de Guadal­ Mamillopsis, as was long considered to be the case,
ajara). but was published for a form of M. spinosissima.
v. autlanensisCraig & Daws.: Bo.forming mats, Acc. Rowley, the name was not given by Loddiges,
single heads to 29 cm lg., 8.5 cm 0 ; Isp.8:13 and so that Salm-Dyck is the sole author.
13:21; Ax. very woolly; Rsp. 6, to 10 mm lg.,
stouter, pale straw-coloured; Csp. 1, 9-12 mm M. sheldonii(Br. & R.) Bod. (3:2, 5:9)
lg., thin-subulate, yellowish-brown; FI. 1.3 cm Bo.becoming columnar, green to dark green, to 25
0 ;Pet.deep pink, bordered pale pink.— Mexico cm lg., 6 cm 0 , caespitose; Tub. conical-cylindric;
(Jalisco, SW. of Autlän); Isp. 8:13; Ax. naked; Rsp. 10-15, 6-9 mm lg.,
v. rooksbyana Backbg.: Bo. broadly spherical; reddish-brown, lighter below, darker-tipped, 3-4
Rsp. 12-14, to 1.7cmlg.; Csp.4, to 1.8 cm lg.; FI. upper Sp. similarly; Csp. 1-3, 9-12 mm lg., stoutly
deep pink; Sep.and Pet.entire (ciliate or serrate acicular, smooth, lower one longer, hooked, all
in the preceding variety).—Mexico (Jalisco, dark reddish-brown; FI. 2 cm lg., 3 cm 0 , Pet. light
locality?). pink or darker in the centre, border white, broad:
Fr.pale scarlet, to 3 cm lg.; S. black.—Mexico (E.
M.seidelianaQuehl(3:l, 3:7) Sonora, Hermosillo, also near Guaymas and in the
Bo. spherical to oblong, dark green or reddish, Yaqui valley).
offsetting; Tub. soft, slender-cylindric; Isp. 8:13;
Ax. glabrous, occasionally with a few Br.; Rsp. 20 M. shurlianaGat. (3:2, 5:9)
or more (-25),5-8mm lg., bristly, white; Csp. 3-4, Bo. becoming columnar, to c. 10 cm h., 3.5 cm 0 ,
292
 MAMMILLARIA

olive-green, rarely offsetting ; Tub. rounded ; Isp. ? ; white-woolly throughout; FI. very numerous, Fr.
Ax. weakly grey-woolly; Rsp. 16-20, 5 mm lg., similarly.—Colombia (Candeliaria Desert, 2800
radiating, acicular, brown or grey ; Csp. 3,0.6-1 cm m). [Addendum by W. Haage: A definitive
lg., acicular, blackish above, brown below, the description must await the receipt of living
lowest one longest, thickened below, shortly material. For another new spec, from Colombia,
hooked; FI. 2 cm lg. and 0 , carmine-pink, see under M. pseudosimplex.]
bordered whitish; Fr. orange, 2 cm lg. ; S. black. —
Mexico (Baja California, W. of Mesquital Ranch, M. solisioidesBackbg. (3:1, 1:2)
28°30'lat.N., 113°55'long. W.). Bo. broadly subspherical, light green, to 4 cm 0 ,
simple, taprooted, the part above ground little over
M. shurlyi F. Buxb. : invalid name for Mammillaria 1 cm h.; Tub.shortly conical; Isp.8:13; Ax.weakly
schwarzii Shurly. felty to glabrous; Rsp. c. 25, to c. 5 mm lg.,
pectinate, appressed, white; Csp. 0; FI.c. 1.4—2.2
M. simplex Haw. non Torr. & Gray (1:2) (T.) cm lg., 1.5-2.6 cm 0 , yellowish-white, tubular to
Bo. spherical to oblong, light to dark green, to 20 funnelform; Fr. small, scarcely overtopping the
cm h., caespitose; Tub. conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. Tub.; S. black.—Mexico (Puebla, S. of Petlal-
weakly woolly; Rsp. 10-16, 5-8 mm lg., acicular, zingo). Referred to Solisia by Krainz and Bux-
reddish, becoming grey; Csp'. 3-5, 7-8 mm lg., baum, but this spec, is quite unrelated to that
subulate, ± thickened below, smooth, reddish- genus.
brown, darker-tipped, porrect; FI. to 1.2 cm lg.,
white; Fr. carmine, to 2 cm lg.; S. brown.— M. sonorensisCraig (1:2, or 1:3)
Venezuela (N. coast, Patos and Margarita islands), Bo.spherical, dark bluish-green, to c. 8 cm 0, also
islands off Curaçao. Fig. of the type-spec, in "Die caespitose; Tub. stout, 4-sided but not 4-angled;
Cact”, V: p. 3204, Fig. 2971. In VI: p. 3887, Fig. Isp. 5:8, 8:13; Ax. white-woolly, hair-like Br.
3534, right below, I showed a colour-photo of a sometimes present; Rsp. 8-15, 1-20 mm lg., thin-
leaf-green plant with Rsp. c. 10, all white, and Csp. acicular to rather stouter, whitish to cream, tipped
3. pale or light brown; this has not been either reddish; Csp. 1-4, 0.5-4.5 cm lg., acicular to
r.amed or described in the literature, but I give it subulate, ± straight, stiff, smooth, thickened
below as it is a sufficiently differentiated variety : below, reddish-brown, + projecting; FI. 2 cm lg.,
v. albidispina Backbg. n.v. : Distinguished by the deep pink, M.-line fine, darker; Fr. scarlet, 1.2 cm
Sp. which soon become whitish. lg.; S. brown.—Mexico (SE. Sonora, Guirocoba;
NE. Sinaloa; SW. Chihuahua),
v. brevispinaCraig: Rsp.8; Csp. 1-2, to 8 mm lg.,
M. sinistrohamata Bod. (3:1, 3:7) acicular; it is questionable whether this is a good
Bo. broadly spherical, glossy, leaf-green, to 5 cm variety;
0 . simple; Tub. shortly cylindric; Isp. 13:21 ; Ax. v. maccartyi Craig: Rsp. 8-10; Csp. 1-3,stoutly
naked: Rsp. 20 or more, 8-10 mm lg., very thin, acicular, bent strongly upwards, to 2 cm lg.
slightly thickened below; Csp. 4, 3 upper ones 8-10
mm lg., lower one c. 1.4 cm lg., hooked leftwards, M. sphacelataMart. (3:1, 1:1)
all stoutly acicular, amber-coloured; FI. 1.5 cm lg., Bo. cylindric, to 20 cm lg., to 3cm 0, light green,
.2 cm 0 , greenish-cream to ivory; Fr. red, small; freely offsetting to form larger cushions; Tub.
S. black.—Mexico (Zacatecas; Durango; Coah- conical; Isp. 5:8; Ax. woolly, bristly; Rsp. 10-15,
uila). 5-8 mm lg., stoutly acicular, stiff, white; Csp. 1-4,
4-6 mm lg., thin-subulate, 1porrect, stouter, all Sp.
M. slevimi (Br. & R.) Bod. (3:1, 1:2) white, tips ruby-red at first, then brown; FI.1.5 cm
Bo. oblong, to 10 cm h„ 6 cm 0 , simple, entirely lg., 0.8 cm 0, dark red; Fr.red; S. black.—Mexico
:overed by the whitish Sp.; Tub. apparently (Puebla, Tehuacan; Oaxaca).
;lender; Isp. ?; Ax. if woolly, then much less so
han M. albicans (to which Craig referred this M. spinosissima Lem. (3:1, 1:4)
riant), which is moreover caespitose; Rsp. num­ Bo.eventually columnar, often curving below, dark
erous, thin, densely interlacing; Csp. c. 6, scarcely bluish-green, to 30 cm lg., 10 cm 0, simple (always
mger or stouter than the Rsp., + spreading; Sp. ?); Tub. ovoid-conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax. woolly,
r:nk below, tipped brownish or black, becoming bristly; Rsp. 20-30, 4-10 mm lg., bristly, mostly
white; Fl. ?; Fr. 1 cm lg., red; S. black.—Mexico white; Csp. 7-15, to 2 cm lg., acicular, flexible, ±
(Baja California, San José island). thickened below, very variable in colour, white to
ruby-red, yellowish-brown, pink or reddish-brown,
M. soehlemannii W. Haage & Backbg. n.prov. : one Sp. sometimes hooked, or individual plants
. :ther simple or caespitose ; Sp. reddish-brown ; Ax. with hooked Sp., but this is not typical; FI.to 2 cm
293
MAMMILLARIA

lg., 1.5 cm 0 , reddish-pink to purple; Fr.red, 2 cm M. subtilisBackbg. (3:1, 1:5)

lg.; S. reddish-brown.—Mexico (Morelos, e.g. Bo. small-spherical, green, simple; Tub. conical, c.
near Carantla; Hidalgo, Real del Monte; Puebla; 3 mm lg.; Isp.?; Ax.with curly Br.; Rsp.c. 30, hair­
Michoacan; Guerrero, near Taxdo). like, curly; Csp. 6-7, c. 1-1.2 cm lg., 1-2 of these
The variable Sp.-colour has resulted in many uppers, brownish or reddish, others white, all ±
synonyms. Red-spined plants mostly become bristly; FI. c. 1 cm lg., opening widely, white; Fr.
lighter in cultivation. Less common is v. flavidaSD., ?—Mexico (San Luis Potosi, 80 km. N. of the town
with Sp. glossy golden-yellow.—The name M. of the same name). The coloured Csp. project tuft­
senilis SD., together with 2 varieties, is referable like above the crown.
here as a synonym, and not to Mamillopsis.
M. supertextaMart. (2:1)
M. standlevi (Br. & R.) Ore. (1:3) It is not entirely certain to what plant this name was
Bo. spherical, deep green, to 15 cm 0 , offsetting to earlier given. It is nowadays usually applied to a
form mats to 1m br.; Tub. conical, keeled below; plant with the following characters: Bo. fairly
Isp. 13:21; Ax. white-woolly, with white Br.; Rsp. broadly spherical, to c. 7 cm 0 , hidden beneath the
16-19, 4-8 mm lg., fine-acicular, white, dark- Sp.; Tub.conical; Isp.?; Ax. ?; Rsp. 16-18 or more,
tipped; Csp. 4, 6-8 mm lg., stoutly acicular, white, tipped blackish; Csp. 2, one darker, more
reddish-brown; FI. 1.2 cm 0 , purplish-pink, M.- erect, longer, c. 6 mm lg., darker above than below:
line darker; Fr. scarlet, to 1.6 cm lg.; S. FI.light red; Fr. ?— Mexico (Oaxaca?),
brownish.—Mexico (Sonora, Sierra de Alamos, v. ieucostoma Backbg.: crown not interspersed
near Alamos). with noticeably darker Sp., the 2 Csp. being
v. robustispina Craig; Tub. rather longer; Rsp. yellowish, darker tips only short; FI. more
20, 4-6 mm lg., white to cream; Csp. 5-6, 5-8 bellshaped to funnelform, white inside, limb
mm lg., subulate, dark cream, brown-tipped. alone more reddish.
M. stella-de-tacubayaHeese (3:1, 3:7) M. swinglei(Br. & R.) Bod. (3:2, 5:9)
Bo. spherical; Tub. light green, cylindric; Isp. Bo. oblong, dark green, to 20 cm h., 3-5 cm 0 ,
13:21;Ax. weakly woolly; Rsp. 35-40, 3-5 mm lg., sometimes caespitose; Tub. cylindric-conical; Isp.
bristly, white, interlacing; Csp. 1, 5-6 mm lg., 8:13; Ax. with or without Br.; Rsp. 11-18,
slender-acicular, hooked, black, porrect; FI.1.5 cm (7— )8—9(—14) mm lg., stoutly acicular, straight,
lg., reddish-white; Fr. reddish, 2 cm lg.; S. ?— matt, white, dark-tipped; Csp. 1-4, 8-15 mm lg..
Mexico (Federal District, Rancho de Tacubaya). the lower ones longest, lowest one hooked or very
Not re-collected for a long time. rarely straighter, all dark brown to black; FI.with
the M.-stripe pink, sometimes greenish to brown­
M. strobilinaTieg. (1:3) ish, Pet. bordered white or cream, 3 cm 0 , Fr.
Bo.conical-subspherical, 6 cm 0 , dark green; Tub. dark red, to 1.8 cm lg.; S. black.—Mexico (Sonora,
pyramidal, upwardly curving; Isp. 13:21; Ax. near Guaymas, on the coast).
white-woolly, sometimes with a few Br.; Rsp.4—5,6
mm lg., stoutly acicular, ash-grey, tips dark, M. tegelbergiana Gat.: description incomplete
becoming whitish; Csp. 1, 12 mm lg., subulate, (1:2?) Bo. broadly spherical; Tub. conical; Isp. ?:
often + bent above, ash-grey; FI. 1.8 cm 0 , dirty Ax. ± woolly; Ar.strongly woolly at first; Rsp. 16.
white to pale greenish-yellow, often with a reddish- white; Csp. 2-4, projecting, white, at first yel­
brown M.-line; Fr. carmine, 2 cm lg.; S. light lowish, tipped brownish, not thickened below; FI.
brown.—Mexico (Oaxaca). This may perhaps have red, darker in the centre; Sep. and Pet. entire.—
been an anomalous plant with the Tub. curving Mexico (probably Baja California, where Gates
upwards (such as has been observed elsewhere) and Tegelberg collected together). Mammillaria
from the complex of M. confusa or M. collinsii. At vonwyssiana Krainz ? (see the latter).
all events, it has not been re-collected.
M. tenampensis(Br. & R.) Berg. (1:3)
M. subdurispinaBackbg. (3:1, 1:3) Bo. spherical, to c. 6 cm 0 , light yellowish-green,
Bo. spherical to shortly columnar, deep green, simple; Tub. 4-angled above; Isp. 8:13; Ax. with
simple, to c. 8 cm h., 7 cm 0 ; Tub.broadly conical; yellowish wool and Br.; Rsp. 8-10, small, bristly:
Isp. 13:21; Ax. woolly; Rsp. mostly 6, radiating Csp. 4-6, 1-6 mm lg., acicular, smooth, brownish,
evenly, c. 6 mm lg., blackish, becoming grey; Csp. dark-tipped; FI. 1.2 cm lg. and 8 mm 0 , reddish-
0; FI. purplish-carmine; Fr. greenish-pink.— purple; Fr. ?—Mexico (Mexico State, Barranca de
Mexico (Queretaro; Guanajuato). Tenampa).
M. subpolyedra SD.: Acc. Craig, at most a variety M. tesopacensisCraig (1:2)
of MammillariapolyedraMart. Bo. spherical to oblong, to 18 cm h., 13 cm 0 ,
294
 MAMMILLARIA

bluish to greyish-green, simple; Tub. pyramidal- rounded-pyramidal, keeled below; Isp. 8:13,
conical; Isp. 13:12; Ax. glabrous or + woolly only 13:21; Ax. white-woolly, with stout white con­
mVBeftowe.Tm%iowe;R's^. V0-V5,4-1 torted Bt.; Rsp. 5-VO, V-5 mm lg,., tfvm-aciculai,
acVc-uYav ; C sp . M,—T ), \b-Y X mm\g., xXovAVy acVcuXar, cVraVVcy-vAdte, tower 2 set 4 m a Vurrow, Csp.
stiff; Sp.reddish-brownish below, tipped black, all (5-)6(-7), 5-6.5 cm lg., upper ones thin-subulate,
Sp. later ashy-brown; FI. 2 cm lg. and 0 , cream, lower ones stouter, chalky-white; FI. red; Fr.
M.-line pink; Fr. scarlet, 1.8 cm lg.; S. light carmine, 2 cm lg.; S. light brown.—Mexico
brown.—Mexico (Sonora, Tesopaco). (Queretaro, Toliman).
v. rubraflora Craig: FI.deep purplish-pink, M.- v. brevispina Craig: Rsp. to 9, 1-5 mm lg., thin-
line darker.—Mexico (Sonora, Movas, E. of acicular, contorted; Csp. 6, 5-18 mm lg.,
Tesopaco). sometimes curving;
v. longispina Craig: Rsp. 5, 1-8 mm lg.; Csp. 6,
M. tetracanthaSD. non Hook. (3:1, 1:3) upper ones 4-12 mm lg., lowest one to 6.5 cm lg.,
Bo. + spherical, simple; Tub. angular, pyramidal; subulate, + contorted;
Isp.?; Ax. + woolly; Rsp.or Sp.4, short, stiff, 4—6 v. subuncinataCraig: Isp. 13:21; Rsp. 5, 1-4mm
mm lg., the bottom one rather longer, all reddish at lg.; Csp. 5, 7-15 mm lg., acicular, ± bent or +
first, tipped blackish; FI. small, reddish; Fr. ?— hooked.
Mexico.
M. trichacanthaK. Sch. (3:1, 3:7)
M. tetracentraO. (1:2) Bo. spherical to oblong, to 5 cm 0 , bluish-green,
Bo. spherical to elongated, to 15 cm 0 , bluish- offsetting; Tub. clavate; Isp. 13:21;Ax. with a few
green to grey, simple; Tub. weakly 4-angled; Isp. Br. (or none?); Rsp. 15-18, to 8 mm lg., white
21:34; Ax. glabrous; Rsp. (0?-)4, short, soon below, yellowish above, fine-acicular; Csp. 2(-3),
dropping, 2 mm lg., blackish at first, becoming the bottom one longest, to 1.2 cm lg., hooked, all
horn-coloured, dark-tipped, lower ones to 11 mm acicular, nut-brown, reddish at first, eventually
lg., lighter brown; Csp. 2-3(-4), brownish at first, grey, tipped brown; all Sp.pubescent; FI.to 1.5 cm
dark-tipped, later white, dark-tipped; FI. brilliant lg. and 0 , greenish-cream, M.-line light green; Fr.
purple; Fr. ?—Mexico. red, 1cm lg.; S.black.—Mexico (San Luis Potosí;
Queretaro).
M. theresaeCutak
Bo. conical-cylindric, mostly simple, olive-green, M. trohartiiHildm. (1:2)
often tinged purple; Tub. tiny, slender; Ar.woolly, Bo. depressed-spherical, dark bluish-green, scarce­
mostly round; Rsp. numerous, 2 mm lg., with ly exceeding 6 cm 0 , later offsetting freely; Tub.
whitish pinnae; Csp. 9; FI. violet-purple, fun- slightly angular-conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. glabrous;
nelform with a narrow Tu., 35-40 mm lg., 30 mm Rsp. 5, white, tipped dark brown; Csp. 1, subulate,
0 ; Sep. greenish-brown, bordered pale pink; Fil. stiff, straight or slightly curving, dark brown; FI.
white; An. yellow; stylewhite; S.black, very small, ?—Mexico.
deeply embedded in the Bo. This dwarf spec, with
:ts long FI. was discovered in 1966 by Mrs. Theresa M. umbrinaEhrenbg. (3:1,2:6?)
Bock; it grows at 2200 m near the Coneto Pass, Bo. eventually oblong, to 15 cm h., 10 cm 0 , dark
Durango, Mexico. [(R); easy from seed. Trans­ bluish-green, caespitose; Tub. conical; Ax.
lator.] woolly(?), bristly (always?): Rsp. 22-24, upper
ones 4 mm lg., lower ones to 12 mm lg., all bristle­
M. tiegelianaBackbg. (1:1) like, whitish; Csp. (1— )2(—4), upper ones 8-10 mm
Bo. spherical, to c. 10 cm 0 , branching dicho- lg., lower ones longer, bottom one to 2.4 cm lg.,
tomously, greyish-green; Tub. with 4 + rounded stouter, hooked (also reported as “usually”
angles; Isp. 21:34; Ax. white-woolly, with short hooked), all red at first, then more brownish, tipped
white Br.; Rsp. to c. 36, to 7 mm lg., bristly-fine, brown; FI.1.8 cm lg., 1.2 cm 0 , deep pink; Fr. ?—
white; Csp. 4, cruciform, projecting, to c. 11 mm Mexico (Hidalgo?). Insufficiently clarified spec.,
.g., white, tipped brown; Fr. deep carmine, 3 cm possibly confused in part with M. neocoronaria.
lg.:S. ?— Mexico.
M. uncinataZucc. (1:2)
M. tobuschii Marsh.: Ancistrocactustobuschii Bo. spherical, to 8 cm h., 10 cm 0 , dark bluish-
Marsh. green, simple or (rarely?) branching or offsetting;
Tub. pyramidal, rounded above; Isp. 8:13; Ax.
M. tolimensisCraig (1:3) white-woolly at first; Rsp. 4-7, 5-6 mm lg., the
Bo. broadly spherical, to 10 cm 0 , greyish to smaller upper ones flesh-coloured, lower ones
yellowish-green, sometimes caespitose; Tub. white, black-tipped; Csp. 1(— 2—3), to 1.2 cm lg.,
295
MAMMILLARIA

stout to subulate, flesh-coloured, dark-tipped; FI. mm lg., lower ones to 15 mm lg., all subulate,
to 2 cm lg., 1.8 cm 0 , reddish-white, tipped pink, orange-brown, cream below, pink above with a
M.-line brownish; Fr. red, to 1.8 cm lg.; S. light tiny dark tip, becoming grey; FI.1.7 cm lg., 1cm 0 ,
brown.-—Mexico (San Luis Potosí; Guanajuato; light purplish-pink, throat white; Fr.carmine, 1.5
Hidalgo, Pachuca, Real del Monte), cm lg.; S. yellowish-brown.—Mexico (Oaxaca,
v. bihamata (Pfeiff.) Backbg.: Isp. 13:21; Csp. Mixteca).
2-4, 8-11 mm lg., strongly subulate, lower ones
longer, stouter, only incompletely hooked, ± M. verhaertiana Bod. (3:1, 2:6) [Grows more
contorted.—Mexico (Hidalgo, Real del Monte). quickly when grafted.]
Bo. oblong, later long-cylindric, green, over 4 cm
M. unihamata Bod. (3:1, 3:7) 0 , to 30 cm lg., later offsetting from the base to
Bo. spherical to oblong, to 3.5 cm 0 , leaf-green, produce colonies; Tub. shortly conical; Isp.
rarely caespitose; Tub. conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. 8:13(7); Ax. woolly, with numerous white Br.; Rsp.
glabrous; Rsp. 16-20, 6 mm lg., acicular to thin- over 20, interlacing, thin, white, c. 8-15 mm lg., at
subulate, white, ± yellowish below; Csp. 1(2), to first yellowish-white to concolorous white; Csp.
1.2 cm lg., smooth, hooked, reddish-brown to 4-6, rather stouter, to 1.2 cm lg., creamy-whitish,
brownish-red, light yellowish below; FI. ?; S. yellowish-brown to darker above, later sometimes
black.—Mexico (Nuevo León, near Asunción). white or coffee-coloured, straight or with an
occasional hooked Sp. on mature plants; FI.tube­
M. vagaspinaCraig (1:2) like, to 2 cm lg.; Sep. white, M.-stripe greenish or
Bo.depressed-spherical, to 8.5 cm 0 , dark greyish- reddish; Pet. ± white; Fr.orange to coral-red; S.
green, simple; Tub. ± angular, keeled below; Isp. black.—Mexico (Baja California). M. phitauiana
8:13; Ax. white-woolly; Rsp. (2— )3(—5), 1-10 mm Baxt. is a commonly used synonym. More recently,
lg., stiffly acicular, smooth, chalky brownish- a more laxly spined form (or variety?) has
white; Csp. 2, unequal, 0.6-6 cm lg., the bottom appeared: all Sp. straight, dark brownish at first.
one longest, all stoutly acicular, very contorted, +
angular, smooth, chalky-brownish; FI. 1 cm 0 , M. vetulaMart. (3:1, 1:3)
Pet. bordered pink, middle darker; Fr.crimson, 1.1 Bo. subspherical (elongated at the base), + glossy,
cm lg.; S. light brown.—Mexico (Querétaro, near fresh green, to c. 4 cm 0 , offsetting quite freely to
Tierra Blanca). form groups; Tub. conical; Isp. 5:8 (K. Sch.), and
later also 8:13 (Craig: anomalously 7:18, 11:29 ?);
M. varieaculeataBuchenau 1966 Ax. glabrous; Rsp. c. 30, to 10 mm lg., bristly,
Bo. spherical, later cylindric, caespitose, rarely white, somewhat unevenly projecting and radiat­
dividing dichotomously, forming groups, single ing; Csp. few at first, then to 4-7, to c. 1.2 cm lg.,
heads 13 cm h., 9 cm 0 , R. fibrous; crown de­ brownish above, whitish below, light yellowish-
pressed, white-woolly; sap milky; Tub. pyramidal, brown below and + thickened; FI. 1.5 cm lg., 1.2
slightly angular, 5-6 mm h., in Isp. 13:21; Ax. cm 0 , dirty yellowish-cream, M.-stripe pale
white-woolly; Ar. oval, white-woolly, later grey; reddish-brown (not “yellow”); Fr. c. 1.5 cm lg.,
Rsp. 17-20, 4-7 mm lg., tangled, hyaline, light white below, greenish above, sometimes suffused
brown below at first, later darker; Csp. 3-5 at first, reddish; S. black.—Mexico (Hidalgo, N. of
later 1, rarely 2,4-12 mm lg., occasionally to 45 mm Zimapan, near Encarnación and San José del Oro,
lg., cinnamon-brown, broad below, tipped dark 2600-3000 m). (Somewhat variable). A more recent
brown, later greying; FI. in a coronet, fun­ synonym is M. magneticola Meyran.
nelshaped, 17-18 mm lg., 12-15 mm 0 ; Sep.
chestnut-brown, bordered yellowish; Pet. scarlet M. viereckii(Bod.) (3:1, 1:5)
with a light border, pink below, lanceolate; Fil. Bo. subspherical to elongated, to c. 4 cm 0 , dark
white; An. light yellow; style11 mm lg., pale green green, caespitose; Tub.slender-cylindric; Isp.8:13:
below, light red above; Fr.scarlet, 15-20 mm lg.; S. Ax. white-woolly, with up to 10 longer Br.; Rsp.
pale brown, testa reticulate, rough.—Mexico 6— 7(—10), 4-5 mm lg., very fine-acicular, white:
(Puebla, S. of Chilac at 1200 m, between rocks on Csp. scarcely differentiated, subcentral, + project­
stony clay). Related to M. huajuapensis, mixtee- ing, not porrect, 9-11, c. 12 mm lg., thin-acicular,
ensis and casoi Bravo. light ochre below and only slightly thickened,
amber-yellow to lighter above; FI. 1.2 cm lg..
M. vaupeliiTieg. (2:1) creamy-white, M.-line pale olive-green; Fr.
Bo. + spherical, c. 6 cm 0 . light bluish-green, reddish-brown; S. black.—Mexico (Tamaulipas,
simple; Tub.rounded, white-pitted; Isp.13:21; Ax. near Nogales).
with curly wool and Br.; Rsp. 16-21, 5-6 mm lg., v. brunispina Neale: Csp. more clearly distin­
acicular, glossy, white; Csp.2(-4), upper ones c. 10 guishable, or 1-2 centrals more clearly project-
296
 MAMMILLARIA

ing, one of these exactly central; Rsp. 10-12, 0 (or more?), simple; Tub. conical, 4-angled
firmer and sometimes 4 of these very thin, above; Isp. 13:21?; Ax. glabrous at first, then
directed downwards; all Sp. light below, brown­ woolly; Rsp. 18-20, 3-6 mm lg., bristly, white; Csp.
ish above, later only the Csp. so coloured. 2( 3), rarely 4, thin-subulate, yellowish, black-
tipped, to 5 mm lg.; FI. 2 cm lg., 1.8 cm 0, carmine-
M. viescensis (author and description, 1973, still pink, M.-stripe broad, darker; Fr. red, to 2 cm lg.;
unknown): a small, soft-fleshed spec, with many S. light brown.—Mexico.
white Rsp. and hooked reddish-brown Csp. The The earliest name was probably M. tegelbergiana
name suggests it originates near the town of Viesca, Gat.; insufficiently described (see also there).
N. Mexico.
M. weingartianaBod. (3:1, 3:7)
M. viperinaJ.A. Purp. (3:1, 1:1) [x-| Bo. spherical, dark leaf-green, to over 5 cm 0,
Bo. slender-cylindric, offsetting freely from the simple or caespitose; Tub. slender-conical; Isp.
base, densely spiny, light green; St. 1.5-2 cm 0 ; 13:21; Ax. glabrous or with traces of wool; Rsp.
Tub. shortly cylindric; Isp.8:13(7); Ax. + woolly, 20-25,6-8 mm lg., very thin, white; Csp. 1-4, to 12
with H. or Br. often the same length as the Tub.; mm lg., stiffly acicular, 1-2 hooked, all smooth,
Sp. numerous, fine, rigid, interlacing, c. 5 mm lg., red, becoming brownish-black; FI. 1 cm lg., 1.2 cm
snow-white at first, light brown or to deep brown, 0, pale greenish-yellow, M.-line darker; Fr. red,
all becoming white; FI.light carmine, c. 11 mm lg., small; S. black.—Mexico (Nuevo León, near
not opening very widely; Fr.red, 8 mm lg.; S.light Asunción).
brown.—Mexico (Puebla, Rio de Zapotitlan, on
humus-free limestone, prostrate and rooting). (Fig. M. wiesingeriBod. (3:1, 1:3 or 5)
217.) Bo. broadly spherical, leaf-green, 4 cm h., to 8 cm
0, simple; Tub.soft, slender-pyramidal; Isp. 16:26
M. virginisFittk. & Klad. (twice 8:13); Ax. woolly, sometimes with 1-2 thin
Bo.elongated-cylindric, mostly simple, to 25 cm h., Br.; Rsp. 18-20, 5-6 mm lg., thin-acicular, smooth,
8 cm 0 , dark green, crown scarcely depressed; white; Csp. 4( 5— 6), 5-6 mm lg., somewhat stouter-
Tub. 4-5 mm thick below, c. 8-10 mm lg., in Isp. acicular, smooth, slightly thickened below,
8:13 and 13:21; Ar. oval, with sparse white wool; reddish-brown; FI. bellshaped, 1.2 cm lg. and 0,
Ax.mostly naked; Rsp. 15-21,2-7 mm lg., whitish, Pet. pink with a darker M.-stripe; Fr.carmine, 1cm
tipped red, yellowish below; Csp.2-8,4—12 mm lg., lg.; S. brown.—Mexico (Hidalgo, near Mezquitit-
reddish-brown, darker-tipped, lowest one some­ lán).
times hooked; FI. in a coronet around the crown,
bellshaped, 12-14 mm lg., 9 mm br.; Sep. M. wilcoxiiTourney (3:2, 5:9) [G.]
brownish-red, bordered lighter; Pet. pinkish-red Bo. broadly spherical to elongated, dark green, to
with a violet M.-line; stylewith 3-5 green Sti.; Fr. 10 cm h., sometimes caespitose; Tub. conical-
20-26 mm lg., salmon-coloured, olive-green above; cylindric, rather long, lax, soft during dormancy,
S. light reddish-brown.—Mexico (Guerrero, near firmer in the growing period, to 2 cm lg.; Isp. 5:8
Ancon, at 1800-2100 m, on limestone cliffs, also in and (?) 8:13; Ax. naked; Rsp. 14—22, 1-1.5 cm lg.,
open oak-woods). Self-sterile. Related to M. bristly to thin-acicular, white, brown-tipped; Csp.
umbrina. Named for the Virgin of Guadalupe. 1—3( 5—6), 2-3 cm lg., stiffly acicular, 1 or more
hooked, dark amber to reddish-brown; Sp. either
M. viridiflora(Br. & R.) Bod. (3:2, 5:9) smooth or pubescent, centrals sometimes even
Bo.spherical to elongated, to 10 cm lg., covered by feathery; FI. 3.5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , cream with a
the Sp.; Tub. rounded; Isp.8:13(7); Ax. glabrous; brownish-green M.-stripe, to + purplish-pink; Fr.
Rsp. 20-30, bristly-fine, to 12 mm lg., white, 2.5 cm lg., pink below, darker above or with a
brown-tipped; Csp. scarcely differentiated, to 2 cm greenish tinge; S. black.—USA (Arizona, Nogales
lg., one or several hooked; FI.greenish, 1.5 cm lg., and Benson; New Mexico, Silver City). (Fig. 218.)
narrowly bellshaped; Fr. purple, to 15 mm lg.; S.
black(?).—USA (Arizona, Boundary Monument). M. wilcoxii v. viridiflora (Br. & R.) Marsh.:
Acc. Craig, the Pet. are very narrow; FI. to 3.5 cm Mammillariaviridiflora(Br. & R.) Bod.
0 , reminiscent of Neobesseya, also sometimes
verging on reddish. Sometimes regarded as a M. wildiiDietr. (3:1, 3:7)
variety of M. wilcoxii, but it differs appreciably Bo. subspherical to oblong, dark bluish-green, to
from this. 15 cm lg., to 6 cm 0 , freely offsetting; Tub. soft,
cylindric to clavate; Isp. 13-21, fewer at first; Ax.
M. vonwyssianaKrainz (1:2) with minute wool-tufts and some Br.; Rsp. 8-10,
Bo. broadly spherical, bluish-green, c. 6 cm h. and 6-8 mm lg., bristly, white; Csp. 3-4, 8-10 mm lg.,
297
 MAMMILLARIA

thin-acicular, the lowest one hooked, rough, + Bo.later rather oblong, to c. 12 cm h. or more, to c.
amber-coloured; FI. 1.2 cm lg. and 0 , white; Fr. 8 cm 0 , dark green, caespitose and sometimes
brownish-red; S. black.—Mexico (Hidalgo, Bar­ forming groups; Tub.conical; Isp.8:13; Rsp.to 28.
ranca Venados; Queretaro). very thin, hyaline, interlacing; Csp. 4, stouter, to
1.8 cm lg., reddish-brown, all straight or one
M. winteriaeBod. (1:2) hooked, directed downwards; FI. carmine-red.—
Bo.broadly spherical, light to bluish-green, simple; Mexico (Morelos to Guerrero [Tixtla, Taxco]).
Tub. with 4 rounded angles above; 1sp.8:13; Ax.
becoming more woolly; Rsp. 4, cruciform, to 3 cm M. xanthina(Br. & R.)Bod. (1:2)
lg., laterals only 1.5 cm lg., stoutly acicular, Bo. depressed-spherical, bluish-green, to 9 cm 0 :
yellowish-grey to slightly reddish above, tipped Tub. shortly and broadly conical; Isp. 13:21; Ax.
brownish; Csp. 0; FI. 3 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , Pet. woolly at first; Rsp. 10-12, to 4 mm lg., acicular.
yellowish-white, bordered white, the yellowish M.- white; Csp. 2, 4-6 mm lg., stoutly acicular, lowest
stripe with a red M.-line; Fr.pink; S.light reddish- one porrect, brownish; FI. lemon-yellow; Fr. and
brown.—Mexico (Nuevo Leon, near Monterrey). S. ?—Mexico (Durango, near Monte Mercado).
Spec, has never been re-collected. Acc. Bodeker.
M. woburnensisScheer (1:3) the FI. are 16 mm 0 and pale ochreous-yellow.
Bo.spherical to more oblong, dark leaf-green, to 20
cm lg., 8 cm 0 , quite freely offsetting; Tub. bluntly M. yaquensisCraig (3:2, 5:9) [Grafted plants grow
conical; Isp. 8:13; Ax. white-woolly, with to 10 faster, flower better.]
white Br.; Rsp. 8-9, 4—5 mm lg., cream, tipped Bo. very small, oblong, to 7 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 ,
reddish-brown; Csp. 1-3, to c. 7 mm lg., dark reddish-green, offsetting freely from the sides,
brown at first, then more yellowish, tipped reddish- becoming larger if grafted; Tub. shortly conical:
brown ; Bl.2 cm lg., yellow with a brownish-reddish Isp. 5:8; Ax. with only traces of felt; Rsp. 18, 5-6
dorsal stripe; Fr. carmine-red, 2.5 cm lg.; S. mm lg., finely acicular, cream-coloured, tipped
yellowish-brown.—Guatemala (Rancho San light brown; Csp. 1, 7 mm lg., acicular, reddish-
Agustin). Spec, which can vary as to colour of Bo. brown, strongly hooked; FI.bellshaped, to 2 cm lg
and Sp., position of the offsets, and size of its and 0 , whitish-pink; Sti.long, light purple; Fr. 9
clumps. mm lg., scarlet; S. black.—Mexico (Sonora, Fort
Pithaya).
M. woodsiiCraig (1:3)
Bo. broadly spherical, matt grass-green, to c. 8 cm M. yucatanensis(Br. & R.)Ore. (3:1,1:3)
0 , later ± elongated; Tub.in Isp.13:21; Ar.white- Bo.spherical to oblong, light yellowish-green, to 15
woolly at first; Ax. with dense white wool, cm h., to 7 cm 0 , caespitose; Tub. shortly conical:
especially in the flowering zone, and Br. to 2.5 cm Isp. 13:21; Ax. woolly; Rsp. 20-30, 3-5 mm lg.i
lg.; Rsp.25-30,4-8 cm lg., hyaline, fine; Csp.2(-4), thin-acicular, smooth, cream-coloured; Csp. 3-6.
the lowest one to 8-16 mm lg., thin-subulate, others 4-8 mm lg., stoutly acicular, smooth, brownish-
thinner, c. 4-5 mm lg., all purplish-pink, black- yellow, brown-tipped; FI.to 1.2 cm lg., Pet. white,
tipped; FI. to c. 1.5 cm 0 ; Sep. serriculate; Pet. with a ± broad pink M.-line above; Fr. orange-
deep pink in the middle, borders pink, smooth; red, 1.6 cm lg.; S. brown.—Mexico (Yucatán.
style and Sti. + strongly pink; Fr. deep pink; S. Progreso).
matt brownish.—Mexico (Guanajuato, Hacienda
Tarajeas). M. zacatecasensis Shurly (3:1, 3:7) [Grafting
recommended.]
M. wrightii Eng. (3:2, 5:9) Bo. spherical, to c. 7 cm 0 , 5cm h., darker green:
Bo. simple, dark green, to 8 cm 0 ; Tub. in Isp. Tub. cylindric; Isp. 13:21; Ax. glabrous; Rsp.
8:13, fairly soft, to 15 mm lg.; Ar. white-woolly at 20-24, 7-8 mm lg., pale to deeper yellowish-green,
first; Ax. naked; Rsp. 12-14, 8-12 mm lg., ± rather darker below; Csp. 3-4, c. 1 cm lg., one
acicular, fine, hairy, white, dark-tipped; Csp. central c. 1.5cm lg., all stoutly acicular, yellowish
mostly 2(— 4), to 1.2 cm lg., the bottom one hooked, to reddish-brownish, bottom one hooked; FI. 1.4
all stiffly acicular, dark brown or often black, cm 0 , Pet. white with a pink M.-line, or delicate
hairy; FI. 2.5 cm lg. and 0 , purple, borders pink and darker in the middle; Fr.red; S. black.—
(mostly) entire; Fil. and style greenish below, ± Mexico (Zacatecas).
strongly reddish above; Sti.yellow; Fr.purple, 2.5 M. zahnianaBod. & Ritt. (1:2)
cm lg.; S.black.—USA (New Mexico and Texas), Bo. depressed-spherical, dark leaf-green, simple:
Mexico (Chihuahua, near Lago Santa Maria). Tub. 4-angled to ± terete; Isp. 8:13; Ax. weakly
woolly; Rsp.4, 3-8 mm lg., lowest one to 15 mm lg..
M. wuthenauiana Backbg. (3:1, 2:6) all subulate, straight, thickened below, whitish to
298
 MAMMILLOYDIA

horn-coloured, with a short blackish tip; Csp.0; FI. have to be compared with some little-known spec,
3 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , sulphur-yellow, border lighter, and in view of our mostly insufficient descriptions
tip darker; Fr. red; S. reddish-brown.—Mexico of these, clarification appears unlikely. I do not
(Coahuila, Saltillo). know whether Johnson gave this plant any name.

M. zapilotensis Craig: a hook-spined form of M. The following are plants from F. Schmoll, Cad-
guerreronisH. Bravo, named for the type-locality; ereyta, which are either undescribed, or are
no description available. sometimes found under these names in collections :
Mammillaria atarageaensis, M. haseltonii, M.
M. zeilmannianaBod. (3:1, 3:7) longispina, M. melaleuca, M. sombreretensis and
Bo. becoming oblong, dark leaf-green, sometimes M. webbiana. No further information available.
offsetting; Tub. soft, ovoid-cylindric; Isp. 13:21;
Ax. naked; Rsp. 15-18, 1 cmlg., thin, hairy, white;
Csp. 4, 8 mm lg., reddish-brown; lowest one Mamillopsis (Morr.) Web. (232)
hooked; FI. 2 cm 0 , violet-red to purple (anom­
alously white); Fr.green, small; S.black.—Mexico Spherical to shortly-cylindric and densely spined
(Guanajuato, near San Miguel Allende). Very plants from high altitudes, sometimes covered by
floriferous. snow in winter, forming larger groups; sap not
milky. Axils set with hairs and bristles. Flowers
M. zeyerianaHge. Jr. (1:2) large, with a long scaly tube. Fruits indehiscent,
Bo. becoming columnar, to 10 cm 0 , pale bluish- containing relatively large black seeds.
green, simple; Tub. ovoid; Isp. 13:21; Ax. glab­ Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua to Oaxaca).
rous; Rsp. c. 10, 3-10 mm lg., upper ones shortest, [(R), -x-; grafted plants are too lush.]
all fine-acicular, smooth, white; Csp. 4, 1.5-2.5 cm The type of the genus is held to be the large-
lg., acicular, all ruby-red at first, then nut-brown, flowered plant described by Weber (in D. Bois,
lastly grey; FI.with Pet. reddish-orange, bordered Diet. d’Hort., 805. 1898) under the name Mamil­
yellowish; Fr. 2.5 cm lg., carmine; S. brown.— lopsis senilis Web., and not the plant Weber at the
Mexico (Coahuila; Durango). same time named Mammillaria senilis (Lodd.) SD.,
which was a hook-spined form of M. spinosissima;
M. zuccarinianaMart. (1:2) this is clear from the names Salm-Dyck referred to
Bo. spherical to oblong, to 20 cm h., dark green, the latter as varieties, and from Riimpler’s ad­
simple; Tub. conical; Isp. 16-26; Ax. woolly at ditional note on flower-size: "Flowers small".
first; Rsp. 3-4, often missing or dropping, 2-6 mm Weber’s name can thus stand as referable to a
lg., bristly, white; Csp.(1—)2(—
4), upper one(s) to 13 Mamillopsis species, but “Lodd.”, previously cited
mm lg., lower one(s) to 25 mm lg., ± stoutly as the author in parenthesis, must be omitted.
acicular, stiff, smooth, white with purple tips, later
greyish to horn-coloured; FI.2.5 cm lg., brownish- M. diguetii(Web.) Br. & R.
reddish or more purplish-pink; Fr.red, 1cm lg.; S. Bo. forming cushions of up to 35 heads; single
brownish.—Mexico (San Luis Potosí; Hidalgo, heads to 25 cm 0 ; Rsp. numerous, dark straw-
Ixmiquilpan). Close to M. centricirrha. coloured ; FI.c. 3 cm lg., 2cm 0 , deep red; Ov.with
small Sc.—Mexico (Nayarit to Jalisco).
An interesting plant distributed by Johnson (USA)
deserves mention here: M. spec.: Bo. spherical, M. senilisWeb. (T.)
offsetting freely from the base, to c. 5 cm h., 4.5 cm Bo. eventually forming mats, individual heads
0 , leaf-green; Tub. in Isp. 13:21, conical, rather becoming elongated, to 15cm lg. (and more), to 6
soft; Ax. with some Br.; Rsp.c. 9-10, thin, to c. 11 cm 0 , glossy, fresh green; Tub. in spirals of 8 and
mm lg., + curving, laterally interlacing; Csp. 1, 13;Rsp.to 40,to c. 1.4cm lg., bristle-like, stiff, not
slightly thickened below, to 2 cm lg., straight or pungent, pale yellowish to pure white; Csp. 5-6,
sometimes hooked; all Sp.smooth, pale yellow; FI. scarcely differentiated but the lowest one stouter,
small, c. 1.4 cm lg., 5 mm br., vivid purple, borders porrect, hooked, tipped + brownish-yellow, to 2
entire; Fil.and stylered; Sti.greenish-cream; Fr. ? cm lg.; FI.to 7 cm lg., to 6 cm 0 , orange-red tinged
The FI. is ± bellshaped above, and green in the violet, M.-stripe darker; Fil.close to the style, long-
iower part.—Origin ? In the Keys of Craig and projecting; Fr. red.—Mexico (Chihuahua; S.
myself, the spec, is placed with M. colonensis, but it Durango; Nayarit; Oaxaca). (Fig. 219.)
bears little resemblance to the latter. All Sp.,
including the Csp., are fairly thin and very flexible;
Ar. ± white-felty at first, soon becoming glabrous. Mammilloydia F. Buxb., or M. Candida and M.
This plant cannot be named since it would first ortiz-rubiona ; genus based on incorrectly named

299
MAMMILLOYDIA-MARSHALLOCEREUS

seed; these spec, cannot be segregated from elongated Ar. which are discrete, even near the
Mammillaria. apex, separated by approximately the length of
the Ar., while in the type of the genus they are +
confluent at first, and also feltier.—Mexico
Marenopuntia Backbg. (10) (Oaxaca). (Fig. in “Die Cact.’’, VI, p. 3861.)
Low-growing bushy plants with a thick taproot. Maritimocereus Akers & Buin.: Loxanthocereus
Shoots cylindric, with glochids. The flower is Backbg.
terminal, sunken within the ± thickened apex, the
fruit similarly; when this is ripe, the swollen stem- Maritimocereus gracilis Akers & Buin., and M.
tip splits laterally. Seeds fairly large, kidney­ nana Akers: see Loxanthocereus.
shaped. Only one species.—Distribution: Mexico
(Sonora). [?]
M arniera Backbg. (33)
M. marenae (S. H. Parsons) Backbg. (T.)
Bo. sparsely shrubby, low-growing; shootscrowd­ Epiphyllum-like plants; shoots broad, weakly
ed, more slender below; Ar. round, light; Sp. few notched, or long-lobed and deeply serrate, with a
at first, later 8-9 (or more), unequal, all ± stout midrib. Flowers large, nocturnal, with a fairly
appressed at first, later only the outer ones; Csp. long tube; ovary with stiffer hairs or bristles, a
1-2, unequal, projecting downwards, sometimes character not present in any of the Epiphyllum
one directed sideways, longest; FI. relatively large, species.—Distribution: Costa Rica and S. Mexico
opening wide.—Mexico (Sonora, Kino Bay). (Fig. (Chiapas). [(R).]
220 .)

M. chrysocardium(Alex.) Backbg.
Bo. epiphytic, branches strongly spreading; shoots
Marginatocereus (Backbg.) Backbg. (157) serrate, with very broad lobes, to 30 cm br., incised
as far as the M.-rib, lobes to 15 cm lg., 4 cm br.; Ar.
Large columnar cacti which, in nature, form a small, sometimes with 2-3 Br.; FI. c. 32 cm lg., the
trunk; branches erect; cultivated plants branch actual Per. c. 12.5 cm lg.; Ov. strongly tuberculate.
from the base. The nocturnal white and pinkish-red Sc. fairly crowded, with 2-4 stiffer white Br. to 8
flowers which are borne on the sides, sometimes in mm lg. in the Ax.; Tu. 16 cm lg., 1.25 cm 0 , with
pairs, are shortly felty, the tubes sometimes with a narrow projecting Sc. c. 1 cm lg.; Sep. dirty
few soft bristles. The fruits, set with stiff bristles, purplish-pink; Pet. broader, white, with a +
contain black, + glossy seeds of medium size.— oblique apiculus; style milky-white; Sti. 13; Fr.
Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, Queretaro, Guan­ spiny.—Mexico (Chiapas). (Fig. 222,223.) See also
ajuato, Oaxaca). [(R).] Epiphyllum grandilobum (Web.) Br. & R.
M. inarginatus(DC.) Backbg. (T.) M. macroptera(Lem.) Backbg. (T.)
Bo.dark greyish-green, trunk to 1.5 m h., 30 cm 0 ; Bo. epiphytic; shootssometimes to 10 cm br., thin,
branchesto 7 m lg., to 15 cm 0 ; Ri.5-6(-7), acute, margin horny, weakly notched, not dentate; FI.
becoming broad and rounded; Ar. almost con­ very large, curving; Tu. to 12 cm lg., fairly robust;
fluent, brown-felty or dark; Sp.rarely to 9, usually Ov.with thinner Br.; Sep.tipped salmon or yellow,
fewer, very short, soon quite inconspicuous or narrow; Pet. to 9 cm lg., to 3 cm br., pure white:
dropping, at first + conical, stiff, often dark stylepure white: Fr.ovoid, red.—Costa Rica. (Fig.
reddish; Csp.scarcely differentiated; FI.solitary or 224.)
paired (also in 3’s?), to 5 cm lg., c. 3 cm 0 , stoutly v. kimnachii: see Epiphyllum crenatum v. kim-
short-cylindric, white, limb slightly revolute at nachii.
anthesis; Fr.c. 4 cm 0 , glossy, spherical, strongly
tuberculate; S. 4 mm lg.—Mexico (see above). Marshallocereus Backbg. (151)
(Fig. 221, left.)
v. gemmatus (Zucc.) Backbg.: differentiated by Large Cerei, with or without a shorter trunk, to
the initially lighter colour, whitish areolar felt, strongly tall-shrubby. Flowers nocturnal, fun-
bristly and flexible Sp. which are longer, nelform, their tube with felty areoles which are
especially at the apex, up to c. 10, ± erect, light rarely bristly. The ovary (a diagnostic character) is
to brownish at first; FI. to only c. 3 cm lg., Pet. set with felt and is + stiffly spined. For this reason
pink, Tu.somewhat bristlier. (Fig. 221, right); the genus must be kept distinct. The fruit is ±
v. oaxacensisBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill:8. densely spiny, the seeds black. Two species and one
1963: distinguishable, even as a seedling, by the variety have been described; Ritterocereus chaca-
300
 MARSHALLOCEREUS—MATUCANA

lapensis H. Bravo & Th. MacDoug., which is recurved. The generic type, in the sense of Britton
perhaps referable here, is insufficiently clarified.— & Rose, has a glabrous flower, with traces of
Distribution: from USA through W. Mexico to W. hair observed only in exceptional cases, vestiges
Costa Rica. [(R).] of the process of reduction. Style, filaments and
stigma-lobes are usually vividly coloured. The fruit
M. aragonii(Web.) Backbg. (T.) is small and opens by means of longitudinal tears;
Bo. columnar, to 6 m h., apparently without a the seeds, as far as known, are small, matt and
trunk; branches erect, to 15 cm 0 , with regular greyish-black.—Distribution: Central Peru (Mat­
constrictions, dark green, with floury markings; Ri. ucana; from the upper Rio Sana valley to S. of the
6-8, very broad; Ar. brown; Rsp. c. 8-10. later Pisco valley). [(R); (G) recommended.] All de­
more, to c. 1 cm lg.; Csp. 2-3 cm lg.; Sp. grey; FI. scriptions are based on plants in the wild.
6-8 cm lg., greenish-brown (K. Sch.; white Unlike his treatment in segregating Copiapoa and
inside?); Ov. tuberculate, with clustered Sp.; Fr. Pilocopiapoa, Ritter here included several species
rounded-conical, 3-4 cm 0 ; S. matt.—W. Costa with typically hairy flowers which, on the basis also
Rica. of differences of rib and spine-character, should be
referred to Submatucana (see under this genus),
M. thurberi(Eng.) Backbg. since Britton & Rose’s generic diagnosis specifies
Bo. to 7 m h., usually without a trunk; branches Matucana flowers as having “tube and ovary
numerous, broadly curving and ascending, to 20 naked’’.
cm 0 , not distinctly constricted; Ri. 12-17; Ar.
brown, sometimes with a waxy mass; Rsp. 9-10, c. M. aurantiaca (Vpl.) Ritt.: Submatucana auran-
1 cm lg.; Csp. 1-3, the bottom one longest, to c. 5 tiaca(Vpl.) Backbg.
cm lg.; Sp.brownish to blackish at first, or mottled;
FI. to c. 7.5 cm lg., + broadly funnelform, (light) M. blanciiBackbg.
purple; Fr. spherical, 4-7.5 cm 0 ; S. glossy.— Bo. mostly forming large cushions, individual
USA (S.Arizona), Mexico. (Fig. 225.) heads later oblong, to 30 cm h., 20 cm 0 ; Sp.
v. littoralis(K. Brand.) Backbg.: Bo. to only 90 numerous, scarcely differentiated, crowded, bris­
cm h.; branchesto 5 cm 0 ; FI.c. 2.5 cm lg., deep tly, silvery-white, sometimes several centrals rather
pink to red; Fr. scarcely 2.5 cm 0 . —Mexico longer and + darker, especially at the tip; FI.to 6
(southernmost tip of Baja California). cm lg., carmine-red (or salmon-coloured: Rauh);
Fil. carmine; An. yellow.—Peru (Cordillera
Possibly referable here: Negra). (Fig. 226.)
Ritterocereus (Marshallocereus?) chacalapensis H. v. nigriarmata Backbg.: differentiated by the
Bravo & Th. MacDoug. much longer, stouter and concolorous black Csp.
Bo.tree-like, to 20 m h.; trunkto 3 m h., 50 cm 0 ;
branches erect, c. 15 cm 0 ; Ri. 7, slightly sinuate M. brevifloraRauh & Backbg.
and notched; Ar. brown, later + black-felty; Sp. Bo. always simple, ± spherical, to 15 cm lg., 15 cm
10-14, scarcely differentiated, 0.5 to (centrals) c. 2.8 0 ; Rsp. numerous, to 2 cm lg., + pectinate,
cm lg., beneath them sometimes one longer Sp., interlacing; Csp.mostly 3— 4, to 7 cm lg., very stout;
porrect to directed upwards, all blackish, grey or Sp.crowded, very variable in colour, light brown to
brown, thin-subulate or stoutly acicular; FI. 14 cm amber or black below, dark brown to deep purple
lg., 7cm 0 , ± funnelform, white; Ov. with yellow above; FI. only c. 4 cm lg., carmine; Tu. + deep
wool and a few short bristle-like Sp.; Fr. very dark carmine.—S. Peru (W. of Incuio, among
bristly-spined.—Mexico (Oaxaca, Chacalapa). tola-scrub on bleak uplands).

See also notes at the end of Lemaireocereus and M. calliantha Lau: no description available.
Ritterocereus.
M. calocephalaSkarupke 1973
Bo.to 50 cm h., to 12 cm br., greyish-green, scarcely
Matucana Br. & R. (82) offsetting; Ri. 24-30, vertical, 8-12 mm apart,
tuberculate; Ar. oblong, 1 cm apart; Sp. mostly
Flattened-spherical to elongated-cylindric plants, directed upwards, very dense, enveloping the Bo.,
with relatively slender ribs and finer, very variable interspersed with fine H. especially in the apex,
spination; simple or somewhat offsetting to beige to light brown at first, later in part whitish,
forming large cushions. The diurnal flowers are in 1-3 cm lg.; Csp. brown-tipped, to 2.5 cm lg.; FI.
shades of red, yellow only in one known species, zygomorphic, to 5 cm lg., 3 cm 0 , pink, with a
stout and of varying length, with the limb ± zygo- stout pinkish-violet M.-stripe; Tu. with a few Sc.;
morphic and the perianth mostly quite strongly Fil.beige below, pinkish-violet above; An. reddish-

301
 MATUCANA

violet; styleintense violet, projecting 1cm beyond Bo. freely branching from the base, shrub-like;
the FI.; Sti.4, yellowish-violet, closely surrounding
branches 10-50 cm lg., mostly 3-6 cm 0;Ri. 10-21,
the style; Fr.2 cm lg., green, drying to dark brown;mostly 13-15, 5-7 mm h., notched; Ar.2-3 mm lg.,
S. cap-shaped, matt, grey.—Peru (Dept. Ancash white, 5-10 mm apart; Sp. acicular, straight,
near Llamelin). glossy, yellow or brown; Rsp. 13-22, mostly 5-20
mm lg.; Csp.5-10,0.7-6 cm lg., lower ones shorter;
M. calvescens (Kimn. & Hutch.) Ritt.: Sub- FI.6-9 cm lg., actinomorphic or weakly zygomor­
matucana calvescens(Kimn. & Hutch.) Backbg. phic ; Ov. green, with a few small Sc. and flakes of
wool, latter sometimes absent; Tu. 7-9 mm br.,
M. cereoidesRauh & Backbg. wider below, with small Sc. and white or black
Bo. cereoid, to 50 cm lg., 10 cm 0 ; Ri. 24; Rsp. flock; Fil. white, golden-yellow above, tipped
numerous, to 2.5 cm lg., thin, snow-white; Csp. crimson; style6.5-8.5 cm lg.; Sti.green; Pet.erect,
(0-)l-4, to 5 cm lg., thin, curving upwards, 22-30 mm lg., 5-7 mm br., golden-yellow, tip partly
concolorous white, or white below and light carmine; Sep. spreading outwards; Fr. 15 mm 0,
brownish to blackish in the upper third; FI.to 8 cm tapering above; S. black, 2 mm lg., ribbed and
lg., carmine; An. yellow; S. Peru (Pisco valley). tuberculate.—Peru (San Juan).
M. coloris-splendida Ritt., v. grandiflora and v. M. hastifera (FR 1306): no description available.
setosa Ritt.: Matucana yanganucensis Rauh &
Backbg., or v. grandiflora and v. setosa Ritt.; the M. haynei(O.) Br. & R. (T.)
latter’s varieties have not been described. Bo.mostly simple, spherical at first, later elongated
to shortly columnar, to 30 cm h., to c. 10 cm 0 ; Ri.
M. comacephala Ritt. 25-30, spiralled, tuberculate; Sp. in all over 30,
Bo.eventually columnar, usually 75 cm (-1.2 m) lg., Csp. distinguishable later; Rsp. bristly, whitish;
to 8 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 25, distinctly tuberculate; Rsp. Csp. brownish, tipped darker to black, stouter,
15-20, 1-5 cm lg., + hair-like, ± projecting; Csp. rather longer; FI.6-7 cm lg., scarlet-carmine; style
5-10, 1-4 cm lg., stouter, directed obliquely carmine; Sti. green; Fr. clavate.—Peru (near
upwards, + curving, sometimes 1 directed down­ Matucana).
wards; Sp. white; FI. to 5.5 cm lg., red; Fil. and v. erectipetala Rauh & Backbg.: differentiated
style carmine; Fr. greenish.—Peru (Cordillera by the finer, more numerous Sp., with the FI.
Blanca, E. flanks). only c. 4 cm lg.; unlike the type, in which the Pet.
are strongly revolute, those of the variety are +
M. criniferaRitt.—“Taxon”, XII: 3, 125. 1963. erect.
Bo.to 30 cm h., 7-10 cm 0 ; Ri.22-26, to 6 mm h., v. elongata Ritt. (FR 142 C), v. gigantea Ritt.
strongly notched; Ar.pale brown, to 5 mm lg., 3-5 (FR 142 A) and v. multicolor Ritt. (FR 142 B)
mm br., 3-5 mm apart; Sp. 15-25, thin-acicular, are undescribed names.
yellowish, sometimes black; FI.6-7 cm lg., weakly
zygomorphic; Tu. 3 4 cm lg., 5 mm 0 ; Pet. M. herzogianaBackbg.
orange, white below, tipped crimson; Fil. white Bo. ± elongated, c. 10 cm h., to 7 cm 0 ; Ri.with
below, reddish above; style orange or golden- very rounded Tub.; Sp. appressed, radiating, +
yellow; Sti. 5, pale green or golden-yellow; S. 1.2 curving, bristly, only somewhat interlacing; Csp.
mm lg., dark, + rough.—Peru (Machac, Prov. scarcely differentiated, thin; Fi. not known.—
Huari, Dept. Ancash) (FR 595). Peru (Cordillera Negra).
v. perplexa Backbg.: differs in having longer,
M. currundayensis Ritt.: Submatucana cur- densely interlacing bristly Sp. completely con­
rundayensis(Ritt.) Backbg. cealing the Bo.
M. elongataRauh & Backbg. I M. hualgalensis: no description available.
Bo. columnar, to 60 cm lg., 15 cm 0, sometimes
branching from the tip; Rsp.numerous, to 2 cm lg., M. hystrixRauh & Backbg.
interlacing, hard, brittle, white; Csp. to 3, to 5 cm Bo.elongated, to 30 cm h., to c. 10 cm 0 ;Ri.c. 23;
lg., directed obliquely upwards, brownish, tipped Rsp. numerous, to 1.5 cm lg., ± pectinate, ± stiff:
darker, becoming grey; FI.c. 5 cm lg., red; Fil.and Csp.to 4,to 5 cm lg. ± subulate, thickened below,
stylecarmine; An.yellow; Sti.green; Fr.spherical, dark brown but variable in colour; FI.to 7 cm lg..
reddish-brown.—Central Peru (valley of Rio 2.5 cm 0, deep dark carmine; Fil. and style
Fortaleza). brilliant carmine; An.yellow; Sti.greenish; Fr.c. 1
cm lg., greenish-red.—S. Peru (between Nazca and
I M. fruticosaRitt. (FR 1307) Lucanas).

302
 MATUCANA

v. atrispinaRauh & Backbg. : Sp.stouter, intense M. weberbaueri(Vpl.) Backbg.

black, thickened and ashy-grey at the base ; Bo. depressed-spherical, c. 7 cm h., to c. 15 cm 0 ;
v. umadeavoides Rauh & Backbg. : Csp. still Ri.21, tuberculate; Sp.c. 30, to 4 cm lg., radiating
stouter, thick-subulate, often bent, ± light in all directions, dark reddish-brown, becoming ±
horny-grey, appearing frosted, tipped brownish, black; FI. 5.5 cm lg., narrow-funnelform, lemon-
base slightly thickened. yellow; Fr. c. 1.3 cm lg.—Peru (Chachapoyas).

M. megalantha Ritt. : Submatucana calvescens M. weberbaueri v. blancii Backbg. n.prov. : Mat-

(Kimn. & Hutch.) Backbg. ucanayanganucensisv. albispinaRauh & Backbg.
M. multicolorRauh & Backbg. M. winteriana Ritt., not described; referable to
Bo. simple or caespitose, depressed-spherical at Matucana yanganucensisRauh & Backbg.
first, later to 40 cm lg., to 15 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 14; Rsp.
numerous, to 2 cm lg., mostly white, pectinate, M. yanganucensisRauh & Backbg.
stout, interlacing; Csp. 2-4, to 7 cm lg., very stout, Bo. spherical, to 10 cm 0 and more, sometimes
+ honey-coloured below, tipped brownish-red; offsetting freely ; Ri. 27 ; Rsp. numerous, to c. 1.2
Sp.-colour very variable, from pure white to grey, cm lg., stout, yellowish-brown at first, then whitish ;
Csp. amber to ± blackish-violet above, also Csp. 1-2, to 2.5 cm lg., acicular, yellowish-brown;
variable in length; FI.c. 5( 7) cm lg., carmine; Fr. FI. to 6 cm lg., 2-2.5 cm 0, reddish-violet ; Fil.
to 1.5 cm lg.—S. Peru (Nazca-Puquio). violet above; An. carmine-violet ; styleviolet; Sti.
yellowish.—N.Peru(CordilleraBlanca).(v. yangan­
M. nigricantha (FR 1305): no description avail­ ucensis).
able. v. albispina Rauh & Backbg. : Sp. concolorous
white; Rsp.pectinate, interlacing; Csp. 2-3, to 2
M. pallarensis(not yet described ; found by Ritter) cm lg., yellowish-tipped; Ri. c. 30; FI. light
Bo. flattened-spherical; Sp. dense, brownish- carmine; style and Sti. violet-carmine.—
yellow, concealing the crown; FI. intense orange; (Cordillera Blanca) ;
Fil. red; Sti. green; Tu. yellowish-green, throat v. fuscispina Rauh & Backbg. : Bo. mostly
green.—Peru. unbranching; Ri. c. 25; Csp. scarcely distin­
guishable, to 3 cm lg., darker brown, eventually
M. paucicostata Ritt.: Submatucana paucicostata grey, projecting; FI. 6 cm lg., carmine; Fil. and
Ritt.) Backbg. stylecarmine; An. and Sti.yellow.—(Cordillera
Negra) ;
M. rarissima Ritt., not described; colour-photo in v. longistyla Rauh : Bo. spherical, to 15 cm 0 ;
"Die Cact.” VI, Fig. 3361, right above. Ri.23, with warty prominences ; Rsp.to c. 1.2 cm
lg., whitish, blackish-brown below, interlacing;
M. ritteri Buin.: Submatucana ritteri (Buin.) Csp. 2-3, to 1.5 cm lg., intense brown, tipped
Backbg. blackish ; FI.4.5 cm lg., 2 cm 0, crimson to pale
carmine; Fil., style and Sti. violet; style con­
M. robusta Ritt., not described: colour-photo in spicuously long.—(Cordillera Blanca) ;
"Die Cact.”, VI, Fig. 3361, right below. v. parviflora Rauh & Backbg. : Bo. spherical to
flat and depressed ; Sp.longer, stouter, erect and
M. supertexta (FR 690) : no description available. tufted in the crown; FI.to only 4 cm lg., 1.5 cm
0, little zygomorphic, vivid carmine; Fil. and
M. variabilisRauh & Backbg. stylepink; An. yellow.—(Cordillera Blanca) ;
Bo.oblong, to 15 cm lg., (perhaps more?), to 8 cm v. salmonea Rauh & Backbg.: Bo. broadly-
0 :Ri.23 ; Rsp.numerous, to 1.5 cm lg., fine, white, spherical ; Ri. c. 30 ; Rsp. brownish at first, later
bristly, interlacing ; Csp. 1-3, scarcely distinguish­ yellowish-white; FI. salmon-coloured; Fil.
able, scarcely longer, white, tipped brownish; FI. salmon-pink above; An. yellowish.—(Cordillera
dried material) c. 4 cm lg., carmine; Fr. c. 1 cm Blanca) ;
lg.—Central Peru (N. of Churin). v. suberecta Rauh & Backbg. : Bo. eventually to
v. fuscataRauh & Backbg. : Bo.at first flattened- 20 cmlg., 10 cm 0 ; Rsp.more bristly, projecting,
spherical, later long-cylindric, to 40 cm lg., to 10 to 2 cm lg., whitish; Csp. 3-4, whitish, tipped
cm 0 , spination much denser; Rsp. stout, brownish, scarcely differentiated, rather longer;
whitish-yellow at the apex; Csp.2-3, to 4 cm lg., FI. to 5 cm lg., red.—(Santa valley).
brownish-red, becoming blackish-grey ; FI.
(dried material) c. 5 cm lg., salmon-pink to At the present time, no further information is
carmine ; Fr.c. 1.5 cm lg. available regarding the following undescribed
303
MATUCANA-MEDIOLOBIVIA

plants: M. celendinensis Ritt. (FR 692), M. also 3-5 very thin, appressed Ssp.; FI. 20 cm lg.;
fruticosa Ritt. (FR 1307), M. hastifera Ritt. (FR Ov. tuberculate, with clusters of conical pungent
1306) and M, intertexta Ritt. (FR 693). Sp. 4-6 mm lg.; FI. 20 cm lg.; Pet. green; Sep.
white.—Paraguay (Chaco, Puerto Casado near
Asuncion).
Mediocactus Br. & R. (46)
M. megalanthus(K. Sch.) Br.& R.
The genus, according to Britton & Rose, is Bo. forming masses of pendant branches, these 3-
intermediate between Flylocereus (with which it angled, often only 1.5 cm 0 , margins weakly
shares, among other characters, shoots which are indented; Sp. 0-3, 2-3 mm lg., yellowish, at first
often 3-angled) and Selenicereus (which mostly has mingled with a few white Br.; FI. to 38 cm lg.,
several ribs), with a spiny and quite strongly white; Ov. stiffly spiny.—E. Peru (Dept, Loreto).
tuberculate ovary. This genus of ± epiphytic
plants shows long pendant stems which are fairly M. pomiferWgt.
thin and produce aerial roots, while the areoles are Bo.climbing(?), to 4(—5) m h. (?); St.to 25 cm lg., c.
only shortly spiny. The large white nocturnal 3 cm 0 , 3-angled, margin rounded; Ar. scarcely
flowers are funnelform, the + tuberculate ovary felty; Sp.3^1, 3-4 mm lg., cruciform, conical, rigid,
and the fruit are spiny. In one species the entire tube pungent, blackish-brown, the lower one + bent;
and also the ovary have bristly spines.— FI. “small” ; Tu. c. 7 cm lg.; Per. c. 3.1 cm lg.
Distribution: E. Peru, (Colombia?,) Bolivia, (description from herbarium material); Fr. c. 3.5
Paraguay, Argentina, Brazil, (W. Indies?). [(R)] cm lg., 3 cm 0 , stiffly spiny.—W. Indies (Martin­
ique). Relationship to Mediocactus uncertain, in
M. coccineus(SD. in DC.) Br. & R. (T.) the absence of more adequate floral data.
Bo. pendant: St.mostly with 3 (rarely 4-5) winged
angles, c. 2 cm br., light green, margins slightly M. setaceus (SD.) Borg: Mediocactus coccineus
sinuate, ± acute; Ar. at first bristly, later also with (SD. in DC.) Br. & R.
2- 4 Sp. 1-3 mm lg., conical, reddish, becoming
brownish; FI.25-30 cm lg.; Fr.red, ovoid, strongly Possibly referable to this genus: “Cereus lind-
tuberculate, with Sp. 1-2 cm lg.—Brazil to bergianus Web.” : St. creeping, rooting, green,
Argentina. (Fig. 227.) scarcely 1cm 0 ; Ri.4—6, compressed, winged; Ar.
v. xanthocarpus Card.: apparently not de­ without felt; Sp. at first forming a small bundle of
scribed; with a yellow fruit, to judge by the hairy Br., later disappearing; the indentations
varietal name. No other distinguishing charac­ between the Ri. become completely flat; FI.
ters known.—Bolivia (San Ignacio). Uhlig No. unknown. —Paraguay.
U 272.

M. hahnianusBackbg. Mediolobivia Backbg. (101)

Bo. pendant; St. indistinctly 5-angled, with flat
Tub. in transverse zones, c. 1.5 cm 0 ; Ar. Plants spherical to cylindric, always caespitose,
scarcely felty; Sp. c. 10, ± equal, short, bristly, with slender tubercles or the ribs strongly divided
thin, light-coloured; FI.c. 12-14 cm lg., c. 9 cm 0 ,so as to form these. Flowers funnelform, in tones of
white tinged greenish; Tu. and Fr. with dense H. yellow and red, sometimes varying greatly in
and Br.—Paraguay)?). colour, hairy and bristly. In some species the style is
somewhat united at the base. The small fruit dries
M. hassleri(K. Sch.) Backbg. to become thin-membranous. Seeds ± black.
Bo. + erect; St.to 5 cm 0 , mostly with 3 (also 4-5) Popular, also as nurseryman’s plants, because they
angles, dark green; Sp. not interspersed with Br., are so floriferous.—Distribution: Bolivia to N.
3- 7, unequal, 1-6 mm lg., rigid, thickened below, Argentina. [(R); grafting recommended.]
brownish; FI. over 20 (? to 30) cm lg., white The genus is divided into the following subgenera
suffused yellowish; Fr. carmine, to 6 cm lg., c. 3.5 and series:
cm 0 . —Paraguay (Cordillera de Altos; Estancia SG .l: Mediolobivia
Tagatiya). Plants spherical; ribs broken up into tubercles;
style (probably always) free.
M. lindmanii(Web.) Backbg. SG.2: Pygmaeolobiviabackbg.
Bo. climbing by means of R.; St.3-angled, to 3 cm Plants becoming + elongated; ribs still ±
0 , green; Ar.very short-felty; Rsp. 6-10, to 2 mm distinguishable; style in part shortly united with
lg., radiating, + appressed; Csp. 1(— 2), clavate, the tube.
rather longer; all Sp. thickened below; sometimes Ser. 1: Coniodeae Backbg.

304
 MEDIOLOBIVIA

Bodies later cylindric; ribs noticeably reddish; Tub. + strongly spiralled; Sp.c. 15-20,to
tuberculate. 6 mm lg., bristly, centrals 3-4, the longest ones at
Ser, 2: Pygmaeae Backbg. first to 1 cm lg., directed upwards, yellowish-
Bodies later cylindric-elongated; ribs brownish, Sp.-count and length increasing with
more clearly recognisable. age; Fi.c. 4 cm 0 , orange-yellow, throat white.—
The numbers of the appropriate SG. and Ser. are N. Argentina (Jujuy; also Salta?). Both the type
given in brackets after each specific name; of these, and its varieties are ± variable; the following are
the first figure indicates the SG. the only validly published names:
See under Rebutia regarding recent attempts to v. albisetaBackbg.: Bristly Sp. soft, white, 1cm
unite the species of this genus with Rebutia. If lg. and more, sometimes much longer;
species with hairy, bristly, stalk-like, glabrous and v. aureiflora:
funnelform flowers are all to be gathered together, sv. leucolutea (Backbg.) Backbg.: FI. light
then the same procedure should logically be lemon-yellow or light buttercup-yellow;
adopted throughout the entire family. Unfor­ throatwhite;
tunately this does not prevent individual authors sv. lilacinostoma (Backbg.) Backbg.: FI.
from making confusing recombinations of this mostly buttercup-yellow; throatdelicate lilac;
kind, basing their attempts on theft own narrow v. boedekeriana (Backbg.) Backbg.: Bo. always
specialism, without any thought of the logical flattened-spherical, glossy, dark green; Ri. still
consequences. connected at the base, to 20; Rsp. c. 12-14; Csp.
2-3, rather stiffer, golden-brown, to 2.5 cm lg.,
M. albopectinata Rausch 1972 (described as projecting vertically;
Rebutia) v. duursmaiana (Backbg.) Backbg.: Bo. often
Bo. simple, spherical, to 15 mm 0 , greyish-green, tapering above, predominantly blackish-violet;
taprooted; Ri. to 16, vertical or + spiralled, Rsp. c. 10-12, to c. 5 mm lg., very thin, hyaline;
divided into Tub. 1.5mmlg.; Ar. oval, 1 mmlg., 1 Csp. 1, c. 3-4 mm lg.; FI. more slender-
mm apart, with white or light brown felt; Rsp. 13, funnelform;
in 6 pairs and one directed downwards, to 3 mm lg., v. rubelliflora(Backbg.) Backbg.: Rsp. over 10;
appressed, covering the Bo.; Csp. 0-2, to 1 mm lg., Csp. only 1, little longer, mostly rather darker;
projecting; all Sp. white, thickened and brown FI. orange-red;
below; FI.lateral, 50 mm lg., 45 mm 0 ; Ov. and v. rubriflora(Backbg.) Backbg.: Bo. deep green;
Tu. pink, with brownish-red Sc., white H. and Br.; Br.-Sp. longer, brownish, sometimes 1 central,
Sep. violet-pink with a green M.-stripe; Pet. red, rather stiffer or darker; FI. + bluish-red, lighter
throat pink, white below; Fil. pink; style united or darker;
with the Tu., green; Sti.5-7, green; Fr.spherical, 5 v. sarothroides (Werd.) Backbg.: Bo. light to
mm 0 , with white H. and Br.; S.spherical, glossy yellowish-green; Rsp. 15-16, hyaline; Csp. 3-4,
black, c. 1 mm 0 . —Bolivia (near Culpina, at 3400 also 2 upper Sp., to over 2 cm lg., ± bent,
m). Resembles Aylostera heliosa but the Ri. are ± reddish-brown; FI. c. 4 cm lg., deep flame-colour
straight. or blood-red.

'■1. atrovirens (Backbg.) Backbg.; Mediolobivia M. blossfeldii (Werd.) Buin.: Mediolobivia

pectinatav. atrovirens(Backbg.) Backbg. aureiflorav. rubriflora(Backbg.) Backbg.
M. auranitida(Wessn.) Krainz (2:2) M. blossfeldii v. compactiflora Wessn.: Mediolo­
Bo. ± cylindric, little caespitose, matt dark green, biviaaureiflorav. rubelliflora(Backbg.) Backbg.
mffused bronze; Ri. 11, spiralled; Tub. with the
rrominences darker green; Rsp. 9, to 7 mm lg., Mediolobivia boedekeriana Backbg.: Mediolobivia
thickened below, 1 directed downwards, glossy aureiflorav. boedekeriana(Backbg.) Backbg.
reddish-brown to pink at first, soon becoming
ellowish-white; FI. 3 cm 0 , laxly funnelform, M. brachyantha(Wessn.) Krainz (2:2)
golden-bronze.—Bolivia! ?). Bo. shortly cylindric, c. 2 cm 0 ; Ri. 12; Sp.
v flaviflora Backbg.: Ri. to 14; Sp. in part + 7_9(_10), c. 5 mm lg., hyaline, acicular, thickened
bent; FI. pure yellow; and brownish below; Csp.0; FI.c. 2 cm lg., slightly
v.gracilis (Wessn.) Backbg.: Bo. much smaller bellshaped, light scarlet; stylesomewhat united.—
than the type, strongly bronze-coloured; Sp. Origin ?
only c. 2 mm lg.; FI. deep golden-yellow.
M. brunescensRausch 1972 (described as Rebutia)
M. aureiflora(Backbg.) Backbg. (1) (T.) Bo. simple, spherical, to 50 mm 0 ; Ri. 13-14,
Bo. forming groups, leaf-green, mostly suffused straight or + spiralled, divided by transverse

305
MEDIOLOBIVIA

furrows into round Tub., brown-violet, + dark M. eosRausch (Rebutía,Digitorebutia)

green around the Ar.; Ar.oval, 2-3 mm lg., brown -
Bo. simple, shortly cylindric, to 25 mm h. and 20
felty; Rsp. 11-13, tangled around the Bo.; Csp.0-2,
mm 0 , brownish-green; R. napiform; Ri. 12-13,
straight or slightly spiralled, Tub. 4 mm lg.; Ar.
to 10 mm lg.; all Sp. brown, darker-tipped, darker
and thickened below; FI.lateral, 40 mm lg., 30 mm
oval, 2 mm lg., brown-felty; Rsp.8-10, to 6 mm lg.,
0 ; Ov. and Tu. whitish-pink with green to brownbristly, brownish-grey, brown below; Csp. 1 to 5
mm lg., stouter, brown to black, directed upwards;
Sc., with white felt and Br.; Sep.pink with a green
M.-stripe; Pet. red, throat whitish; Fil. whitish-
FI. opening widely, 40 mm lg., 35 mm br.;
pink; style greenish-white, with 7 yellow Sti.; Fr.
pericarpel spherical, reddish-brown with dark
spherical, brown with darker Sc., white felt andbrown bristly Sc.; Rec. pink, glabrous below, with
Br.; S. spherical, testa rough with large Tub.— dark green lanceolate Sc. with white H.; Sep.
Bolivia (Tarabuco, at 3500 m). (Fig. 484.) whitish, with a brownish M.-stripe; Pet.spatulate,
whitish-pink; styleand Sti.light green; Fr.brown,
M. cajasensis Ritt. (FR 1141+a): no description covered with darker Sc. and white wool.—
available. Argentina (Jujuy, near Tafna, at 3600 m). Spec,
resembles M. nigricans but is clearly differentiated
M. columnaris (Wessn.) Krainz: Mediolobivia by the FI.-colour which varies on any one plant
conoideav. columnaris(Wessn.) Backbg. between whitish-pink and pure white. (Fig. 485.)

M. conoidea(Wessn.) Krainz (2:1) M. euanthema (Backbg.) Krainz (2:2)

Bo.very slender-cylindric, tapering above, metallic Bo. elongated, cushion-forming, long-taprooted;
violet-green; Ri. not clearly recognisable; Tub. single heads elongated, to 5 cm h., c. 3 cm 0 , dull
somewhat spiralled; Rsp. in 4-6 pairs, 2-3 mm lg., leaf-green; Ri.c. 10, very flat, weakly tuberculate;
+ appressed, those in the crown projecting slightly, Sp. in the crown more strongly projecting; Rsp. c.
acicular, whitish-grey to brownish, brown and 12, 2 uppers to 1 cm lg., hyaline, reddish-brown
somewhat thickened below; Csp.0;F1. c. 1.2 cm lg., below; Csp.0; FI. 3-coloured, reddish inside below,
to 2.8 cm 0 , pale golden-yellow.—Argentina yellowish-red above that, carmine outside; Pet.
(Chani Volcano). often faintly striped.—Border-zone between S.
v. columnaris (Wessn.) Backbg.: distinguished Bolivia and N. Argentina.
by the pale greyish-green Bo. with a faint violet v. fricii (hort.) Backbg.: Bo. greyish to olive-
shimmer; Pet.golden-yellow inside. green; Ri.c.14,strongly tuberculate; Sp.in part
fairly strongly projecting; FI. lacking the
M. costata(Werd.) Krainz (2:2) yellowish-red middle zone, darker outside,
Bo. oblong, deep green, freely offsetting; Ri. only glossy blood-red inside, c. 3 cm 0 (Fig. 228);
8-9, indistinctly tuberculate; Sp.in the crown more v. oculata (Werd.) Krainz: Unlike the type,
strongly projecting; Rsp. to 12, 7 cm lg.; Csp. 0 which has the Tu. flesh-coloured, that of the
(rarely with Rsp. so arranged); FI. to 3.5 cm lg., variety is slightly glossy and whitish; Pet.of only
orange-red; Pet.bordered carmine.—Origin ? two colours, yellowish to golden-bronze inside.
± bluish-carmine outside.
M. costata v. brachyantha (Wessn.) Donald:
Mediolobiviabrachyantha(Wessn.) Krainz. M. euanthema v. pygmaea (sensu Backbg.)
Donald: Mediolobivianeopygmaea Backbg.
M. costata v. eucaliptana (Backbg.) Donald:
Mediolobiviaeucaliptana(Backbg.) Krainz. M. euanthema v. ritteri (Wessn.) Donald:
Mediolobiviaritteri(Wessn.) Krainz.
M. digitiformis (Backbg.) (Backbg.) Mediolobivia
pectinatav. digitiformis(Backbg.) Backbg. M. eucaliptana(Backbg.) Krainz (2:2)
Bo. oblong, forming smaller groups, light leaf-
M. duursmaiana Backbg.: Mediolobivia aureiflora green ; Ri.to 9, tuberculate above midway; Ar.with
v. duursmaiana(Backbg.) Backbg. a little brownish felt; Sp. in the crown more
strongly projecting, 9-11, to 1.2 cm lg., bristly,
M. elegansBackbg. (1) often bent at the tip, yellowish; FI. brilliant light
Bo. spherical, lighter green; Tub. slender, flat, red; throat red-madder; Pet. fully outspread at
spiralled, suffused reddish below: Ar. finer, anthesis.—Bolivia (near La Paz, close to Euca­
crowded; Sp. c. 25 (and more), 2 mm to (later, the liptos).
longest ones only) 1.2 cm lg., sometimes inter­
lacing, whitish; FI. siender-funnelform. brilliant M. fricii hort.: Mediolobivia euanthema v. fricii
yellow.—N. Argentina (Salta. Jujuy?). (hort.) Backbg.
306
 MEDIOLOBIVIA

M. fuauxianaBackbg. (2:2) M. nigricans(Wessn.) Krainz (2:2)

Bo. oblong, forming small groups; Ri. c. 13, quite Bo.elongated, brownish-green; Ri.c. 11; Sp.in the
distinct, often acute; Sp. in the crown more crown more strongly projecting, 8-12, the longest
strongly projecting, c. 7-9, short, less obviously ones 1 cm lg., glossy, bronze-coloured, then
bristly-fine, whitish, later darker; FI. fairly large, whitish-grey; FI. broadly funnelform, 2.5 cm 0 ,
rotate, pure orange-red.—Origin? glossy, flame-coloured; style somewhat united
basally.—N. Argentina (?).
M. haagei (often incorrectly called M. haageana) In the form known as v. peterseimii (Fric), the FI.
Fric & Schelle) Backbg.: Mediolobivia pygmaea are purple, 3.5 cm 0 .
R. E. Fries) Backbg. In Sukkde. (SKG.) VII/VIII, 103. 1963, Burning
& Donald mention another f. hahniana (of
M. haefnerianaCullm. (2:2) “Rebutia ritteri’’): Sp. dark brown; FI. very
Bo. elongated, dark olive-green, c. 8 cm h., 3.5 cm short, orange-red; styleunited for 3 4 mm; Tu.
0 , taprooted; Sp.in the crown projecting, to 12, to funnel-like. Although the authors refer it to
:. 5 mm lg., bristly, yellowish, later white; FI.c. 3 “Reb. ritteri”, which is a matter of opinion, the
cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 , blood to cherry-red; Tu. plant may well belong here.
>lender.—Origin ?
M. orurensis (Backbg.) Backbg.: Mediolobivia
M. hirsutissimaCard. 1971 pectinatav. orurensis(Backbg.) Backbg.
Bo. freely offsetting, single heads 3 cm lg., 2.5 cm
0 . grey, with a sunken crown; R.napiform, 7-8 cm M. pectinata(Backbg.) Backbg. non Fric (2:2)
lg-:Ri. c. 13, straight, 2 mm h., 4 mm br.; Ar. Bo. elongated, light to bluish to leaf-green; Sp. in
the crown appressed, + bent, thickened below,
elliptic, 2-3 mm lg., grey-felty; Sp. pectinate, 13 on
either side of the Ar., 4 mm lg., flattened sideways, darker; FI. fairly stoutly funnelform, red; Pet.
broader; Tu.fairly short.—Bolivia,
■ ery thin, grey, upper ones yellowish; FI. fun­
nelform, 4 cm lg., 3 cm 0 , with light brown Sc. v. atrovirens(Backbg.) Backbg.: Bo.glossy, dark
end white FI. outside, those on the Tu. in part green; Sp. whitish, upper ones brown.—N.
Argentina;
rrownish; Sep. greenish outside, light purple
inside; Pet.spatulate; Fil.purple; stylewith 5 green v. digitiformis (Backbg.) Backbg.: Bo. more
elongated, passing over into a similarly shaped
Sti.—Bolivia (Boeto, Dept. Chuquisaca, near Villa taproot, greyish-green; sometimes with one
Serrano, at 2000 m).
upper, longer, more central Rsp.; FI. flame-
coloured.—N. Argentina;
SI.ithyacanthaCard. 1969 v. neosteinmannii Backbg.: Bo. more elongated,
Bo. flattened-spherical, 1.5-2.5 cm h., 2-4 cm 0 , ± light green; FI. rotate to + bellshaped, mid-
-ght green; Ri. 12-18, furrowed, Tub. 3-5 mm lg.; red, lighter in the centre;
Ar. 4-6 mm apart, 3-4 mm 0 , grey-felty; Rsp. v. orurensis (Backbg.) Backbg.: Bo. forming
-5—17, spreading, 4-15 mm lg.; Csp. 1-2, spread­ small cushions of several heads together, dark
ing, 10— 25 mm lg.; all Sp.thin, stiff, brown at first, olive-green; Sp. only 1-2 mm lg., yellowish-
.ater greyish-whitish, those in the crown short, white; FI. broadly funnelform; Pet. narrower,
-rown, interlacing; FI. lateral, funnelform, 3-3.5 red; throatdarker( ?).
cm lg., 2-2.5 cm 0 ; Ov. spherical, 4 mm 0 , light
crown to yellowish, with hairy Sc.; Sep. spatulate, M. pygmaea (R. E. Fries) Backbg. (2:2)
4 mm lg., light lilac-red outside, brilliant reddish- Bo. simple or offsetting, with a longer taproot,
: range inside; Pet. lanceolate, 16x5 mm, acute; greyish to light bluish-green; Sp.strongly pectinate
Fil.white; An.yellow; style18 mm lg., white, with 7 and appressed in the crown, to 12,2-3 mm lg., thin,
•allow Sti.; Fr. spherical, light red with white- somewhat thickened and darker below, hyaline
raired Sc.—Bolivia (Vallegrande, Dept. Santa above; FI. with a slender Tu., pink to salmon,
Cruz, near Comarapa, at 2200 m). variable,sometimes striped; Pet.fairly broad.—N.
Argentina (Prov. Jujuy).
M kesselringiana Cullm.: Mediolobivia aureiflora v. flavovirens (Backbg.) Backbg.: Bo. more
rubriflora(Backbg.) Backbg. yellowish-green; Sp. dirty yellowish-white,
brownish below, all Sp. in the apex brownish.
M. neopygmaea Backbg. (2:2)
Bo. elongated, simple, sometimes offsetting, crown M. ritteri(Wessn.) Krainz (2:2)
distinctly white-woolly; Ri. very low; Sp. ± Bo. ± spherical to elongated, greyish-green; Ri.c.
projecting, mostly short, quite fine, hyaline, darker 15, more tuberculate, ± completely resolved
below; FI. to 3 cm lg., light purple.—S. Bolivia. into Tub. in the crown projecting, sometimes
; s P .

307
MEDIOLOBIVIA—MELOCACTUS

erect, 8-10, to 1 cm lg., acicular, whitish-grey, the korethroides (Werd.) Y. Ito: Soehrensia bruchii
upper pair brown, darker at the tip and the base; (Br. & R.) Backbg., and S. korethroides (Werd.)
FI.c. 4 cm lg., 4.5cm 0 , flame to crimson; throat Backbg.
reddish-violet.—Bolivia (near Escayache).
v. pilifera (Fric) Backbg.: differs in having Sp.
which are concolorous whitish, often longer and Melocactus (Tourn.) Lk. & O. (187)
+ interlacing; FI.purplish-red.
Some of the plants in this genus are among the
M. rubelliflora Backbg. Mediolobivia aureiflorav. oldest cacti known in Europe, where they were at
rubelliflora(Backbg. ) Backbg. one time called "Melonendistel” (melon-thistle).
Bodies spherical or elongated, simple or sometimes
M. rubriflora Backbg.: Mediolobivia aureiflora v. offsetting, later with a cephalium of felt ±
rubriflora(Backbg.) Backbg. interspersed with bristles, which may be flat,
hemispherical, spherical to shortly or moderately
IM. rutiliflora Ritt. (FR 1113): no description long-cylindric, from which the small bellshaped to
I available. funnelform reddish flowers arise. The spination is
very variable, even in one and the same species. The
M. sarothroides (Werd.) Buin.: Mediolobivia fruit, which is slender-clavate and coloured red or
aureiflorav. sarothroides(Werd.) Backbg. white, is pushed out when ripe and then dries to
become thin-membranous: the seeds it contains are
M. schmiedcheniana(Köhl.) Krainz (2:1) black, and either matt or glossy. In some species
Bo. very slender-cylindric, dark brownish-green, there may be a divided cephalium, or new shoots
quite freely offsetting; Tub. in 13-16 fairly straight may be produced from it, producing new cephalia
R.; Sp. mostly appressed, those in the crown + in their turn. Young plants are usually difficult to
projecting, to 12, 3-5 mm lg., bristly, grey and identify since they only become recognisable when
brownish; FI. 3 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 , deep golden- fully grown and bearing the characteristic ceph­
yellow; throat pale yellow.—N. Argentina (Salta, alium. Flower-size is also an important diagnostic
Chani Volcano; the varieties similarly). character. The numerous synonyms of some
v. einsteinii (Fric) Backbg.: Tub. spiralled; Sp. species are attributable to their extensive
very short to missing, those in the crown distribution.—Distribution: From Mexico, Guat­
projecting; budsbronzy-black; FI.larger; emala and Honduras, through the West Indies, to
v. karreri (Fric) Backbg.: Bo. more green; Sp. S. America as far as Central Peru and N. Brazil.
spreading and projecting; FI.fairly large, yellow; [Cephalium-bearing plants are difficult in culti­
v. rubriviridis(Fric) Backbg.: Bo. with a strong vation; grafted seedlings usually grow well.]
red tinge; Sp.longer, projecting, laterals directed
obliquely upwards; FI.yellow, larger; M. acunaiLeon
v. steineckei(Friö) Backbg.: Bo. mid-green; Sp. Bo. eventually cylindric, to 30 cm h., to 9 cm 0 ,
somewhat longer, projecting, denser; FI. small, sometimes branching above; Ceph. eventually
mid-yellow. elongated, to 10 cm h., 8 cm 0 , later densely bristly
below; Rsp. c. 12, to c. 1 cm lg., subulate, ±
M. spiralisepalaJajo (2:2?) curving, light and then dark brown; Csp. 3-4, to 5
Bo. eventually + elongated, dark green; Tub. cm lg., stouter; FI. 3 cm lg., dark red.—Cuba
spiralled; Rsp. to c. 16, to c. 8 mm lg., rather stiff, (Maisi, on the coast). [Haage adds: named for the
irregularly curving; Csp. 4, c. 2 cm lg. (or more), type-locality.]
more contorted; Sp.dark brown, yellowish below,
later greyish-brown; FI. c. 3.2 cm lg. and 0 ,
orange-red, M.-stripe reddish.—Origin ? (Fig. M. albicephalusBuin. & Bred.
229.) The stout and contorted Csp. are a diagnostic Bo. simple, to 12 cm h. and 15 cm 0 , green; Ceph.
character. c. 4 cm h., to 7.5 cm 0 , with dense white wool, with
red Br. in the lower part; Ri.9-10, fairly acute, to 5
M. steinmannii hort. (non Solms-Laub.: Aylo- cm br. and 3 cm h., with acutely projecting Tub.
stera): Mediolobivia pectinata v. neosteinmannii between the Ar.; Ar. round, c. 7 mm 0 , depressed,
Backbg. soon glabrous; Rsp.mostly 9, one of these directed
+ vertically downwards, 44 mm lg., lower Sp.-pairs
I M. vulpina (FR 939) (vulpispina?): no description the longest, upper ones only 4-7 mm lg.; Csp. 1(— 2),
I available. Name means “fox-coloured”. pointing obliquely downwards, c. 30 mm lg., rather
curving, thickened below; all Sp. light brown at
Megalobivia bruchii (Br. & R.) Y. Ito, and M. first, soon becoming light greyish-pink, tipped light
308
 MELOCACTUS

brown, very robust; FI. 23 mm lg., 10 mm 0, to 4 cm lg., with small Ssp. above; Csp. 1(— 3),
carmine, darker above; An. curving towards the lowest one to 2.5 cm lg., 2 uppers shorter, thinner;
style; Fil. white; style 12 mm lg., light pink; Fr. all Sp. greyish-white, tipped dark brown; Ceph. to
wedge-shaped, 23 mm lg., glossy carmine; S. cap­ 3.5 cm h., to 7 cm 0 , wool pure white, interspersed
shaped, 1.3 mm lg., 1 mm br., testa glossy black.— with fine red bristly H.; FI, tubular, carmine,
Brazil (Central Bahia, on the W. slopes of the Serra darker above; style8 mm lg., light pink; Sti.4-5,
do Espinhaco, in crevices among rocks, at c. 900 yellow; S. cap-shaped, 1.4 mm lg., testa glossy
m). (Fig. 486.) black.—Brazil (Bahia, Serra do Espinhaco, on
weathered rocks, on very dry mountain slopes, on
M. amethystinusBuin. & Bred. the Rio Jacaré at c. 450 m. Found in 1968 by Florst
Bo. simple, 12 cm h. including Ceph., to 17 cm 0, and Buining). (Fig. 487.)
green; Ceph. 4 cm h., 8 cm 0, white-woolly,
interspersed with dark red Br. so that the Ceph. M. bahiensis(Br. & R.) Werd.
later appears reddish; Ri.9, acute, 3 cm h., 5.5 cm Bo. spherical, later sometimes ± elongated, to 10
apart, with hatchet-shaped Tub. between the Ar.; cm h. and 15 cm 0 , dull green; Ceph. low, with
Ar. sunken into the Ri. closely beneath these Tub., many dark brown Br.; Ri. 10-12; Rsp. 7-10, to 2.5
round, 7 mm 0, white-woolly, later glabrous, c. 1 cmlg.; Csp.c. 4,to 3.5cmlg.; Sp.brown,becoming
cm apart; Rsp.9, one of these directed downwards, grey; FI. pink, shorter.—Brazil (Bahia, near
2.5-3.8 cm lg., 3 pairs on either side, upper ones Machada Portella).
shortest, also several short Ssp.; Csp. pointing
downwards, strongly thickened below, to 3 cm lg., M. bellavistensisRauh & Backbg.
1.5 mm thick; all Sp. light reddish-brown, later Bo. becoming pyramidal, to 50cm lg., to 40 cm 0,
greyish-brown, straight to slightly curving: FI. 15 dark to bluish-green; Ceph. eventually cylindnc, to
mm lg., to 6 mm 0, tubular, carmine; Fil.white; 30 cm lg., 10 cm 0, not infrequently forking, the
An. yellow; stylepink with 5-6 yellow Sti.; Fr.red. apical white wool overtopped by brilliant red Br.;
oblong to pear-shaped; S.cap-shaped, testa glossy Ri. 12-20, ± acute; Rsp. 3on either side, to 1.2cm
black, hilum white.—Brazil (Bahia, Brejinho das lg., bent, reddish-grey, also 1 shorter upper Sp. and
Ametistas near Caitité at c. 1000 m, under shrubs 1 longer lower; Csp. 0; FI. 0.5 cm 0, light
and small trees. Found in 1968 by Florst and carmine.—N. Peru (between Chamaya and Jaén,
Buining, and recognised as an independent spec. and near Bellavista).
M. amoenus (Hoffm.) Pfeilf. M. brederooianusBuin.
Bo. later tapering-conical, bluish-green; Ceph. Bo. simple, 10-llcmh., ll-12cm 0, green;Ceph.
broad, flat, with much white wool and few Br.; Ri. 2.5 cm h., 5.5 cm 0, greyish-white with red Br.; Ri.
to 12, somewhat compressed, acute; Rsp.c. 8, to 1.210-14, obtuse, to 4 cm apart below; Ar. round, 4
cmlg.; Csp. 1, to l.ócmlg., erect; Sp. subulate, + mm 0, ± sunken, white-felty, later glabrous; Sp.
straight, reddish or reddish-brownish; FI. 2.5 cm reddish, light below, later grey and tipped brown,
g., light red, limb outspread.—Coast, Venezuela tofirm, stiff; Rsp.one pointing obliquely downwards,
Colombia. to 25 mm lg., 3 pairs on either side, one lateral pair
directed upwards, to 17 mm lg.; Csp. 1, pointing
M. amstutziaeRauh & Backbg. downwards, 18-25 mm lg.; FI.tubular, carmine, 18
Bo. pyramidal, to 11 cm h., c. 13 cm 0 below, c. 9 mm lg., 4.5 mm br.; Sep. 6-7 mm br., spatulate,
cm 0 above, greyish-green; Ceph. tall, rounded, denticulate at the tip; Pet.c, 7 mm lg., otherwise as
5-6 cm lg., c. 7 cm 0, with red Br.; Ri.c. 13; Rsp. Sep.;Fil.white; An. yellow, 1mm lg.;style 10 mm
mostly 6-8 pressed sideways, to 2.5 cm lg., stronly lg., white, with c. 4 Sti.; Fr.with floral remains, 24
flattened on the upperside, ± angular, keeled mm lg., glossy carmine; S.cap-shaped, testa black,
above, dark brown; Csp. 0, sometimes 1 Sp. more slightly glossy.—Brazil (Bahia, near Andorinha,
centrally placed; FI. carmine.—Peru (Rimac val­ under acacia-shrubs, at 500 m).
ley).

M. antonii (Britt.) Knuth: Melocactus intortus v. M. broadwayi (Br. & R.) Backbg.
antonii(Britt.) Backbg. Bo. spherical, eventually ± elongated, to 20 cm h.,
yellowish-green; Ceph. flattened-rounded, only c.
M. azureusBuin. & Bred. 2-3 cm h., with white wool and soft brown Br.;
Bo. simple, to 17 cm h., to 14 cm 0, frosted, azure- Rsp. 8-10, 1-1.5 cm lg., + incurving, acicular,
blue; R. branching; Ri. 9-10, c. 3.5 cm h., acute; horn-coloured, + brown-tipped; Csp. 1(—2—3)J
Ar. oval, 7x14 mm, + sunken; Rsp. 7, one rather stouter, at first concolorous brown; FI.
Ipointing downwards, sometimes curving at the tip. shorter, purple.—Islands of Tobago and Grenada.
MELOCACTUS

M. caesiusWendl. red; S. small, round.—Brazil (Bahia, Serra do

Bo. ± spherical, bluish-grey; Ceph. tall, rounded, Espinhaco, at 850 m). Discovered by Horst and
more strongly bristly below; Ri. c. 10, broadly Uebelmann, 1967-68. (Fig. 489.)
rounded; Rsp. c. 7, the lowest one usually longest;
Csp. 1, not longer; Sp. moderately robust; FI. M. curvicornisBuin. & Bred.
small, slightly spreading.-—Trinidad (Patos island). Bo.simple, 20 cm h. and more, 10-19 cm br., green;
R.branching; Ceph. 30 cm h., 7-8 cm 0 , the white
M. communis Lk. & O. wool interspersed with short red Br., these later
Bo. spherical to ovoid, + dark green; Ceph. flat at more prominent; Ri. 13, fairly acute, often +
first, eventually long-cylindric, interspersed with spiralled, 4-5 cm apart, 4.5 cm h.; Ar. sunken, ±
purplish-brown Br.; Ri. 8—14( 20); Rsp. mostly oblong, 7 mm lg., 4 mm br., white-felty at first, later
8-9, the top one shortest, the bottom one 2 cm lg. glabrous, 15 mm apart, between them hatchet­
and more; Csp.c. 3, to 1.7 cm lg.; Sp.stiff, straight, shaped Tub. to 5 mm h., with a thickening around
yellowish to light brownish, more rarely whitish; the Ar.; Sp. at first light horn-coloured below,
FI. outspread, c. 1.8 cm 0 , deep pinkish-red (K. tipped dark brown, curving or often straight, later
Sch.: to 3 cm lg.).—W. Indies (Fig. 230.) grey, tipped brown, rough, very robust, thickened
below; Rsp. 7, one of these curving down over the
M. concinnusBuin. & Bred. Tub., 2-2.5 cm lg., 3 pairs directed laterally, the
Bo. simple, with Ceph. 8-9 cm h., 10-11 cm 0 , lowest pair curving obliquely downwards, 2-2.5 cm
green to weakly bluish-green; R. fibrous; Ceph. lg., the middle pair curving sideways, 1.5-2 cm lg.,
2.5-3 cm h., 6-7 cm 0 , new growth white-woolly, the upper pair pointing obliquely upwards, stra­
with fine reddish Br., red coloration predominant ight, 1.3-1.5 cm lg., often also several thin Ssp.;
in older growth; Ri. 10-13, acute, 2-2.5 cm h. Csp. 1directed obliquely upwards, 1.7 cm lg.; FI.15
below and 4 cm apart; Ar.sunken, + round, white- mm lg., 6-7 mm 0 , naked, carmine; Sep.4 mm lg.,
felty; Sp. reddish at first, lighter below, later grey, 1.3 mm br., spatulate, apiculate, carmine; Pet.light
tipped brown, stout, stiff; Rsp. 1, 25 mm lg., carmine; style9 mm lg., white, with 4 Sti.; Fr.c. 14
projecting downwards, also 4 curving Sp. to 6 mm lg., reversed clavate, very light pink; S. ovoid
mm lg. and 2 short Ssp,, all directed upwards; to pear-shaped, glossy black.—Brazil (Bahia, near
Csp. 1, 16 mm lg., pointing downwards, often Macaubas, at 950-1000 m, in rock-crevices, among
curving upwards; FI. 18 mm lg., 6.5 mm br., bromeliads and rough grasses; found February
carmine; stylewhite, with 4 white Sti.; Fr. glossy 1966 by Horst and Dr. G. Baumgardt; more closely
carmine, reversed clavate; S. cap-shaped, glossy studied in 1968 by Horst and Burning, who found
black.—Brazil (Bahia, W. of Seabra, at 1000 m, on that the Sp. on immature plants were much stouter
rocky, very dry and sandy soil among scree, under and more noticeable than was the case once the
caatinga-type shrubs and bushes. Found early Ceph. had developed.
1968 by Horst and Uebelmann). (Fig. 488.)
M. curvispinusPfeiflf.
M. coronatus(Lam.) Backbg. (T.) Bo. depressed-spherical; Ceph. flattened-
Bo. + cylindric, to c. 1 m h.; Ceph.to 3-5 cm h., 10 hemispherical, with few Br.; Ri. 10-12; Rsp. 7, to
cm br., with long brown Br.; Ri. 10-15; Sp. c. 1.6 cm lg., ± strongly bent, brownish to whitish;
10-12 (and more), to 5 cm lg., stout, yellowish to Csp. (l-)2, to 2.5 cm lg., subulate, darker at first;
brown; FI.to 4 cm lg., narrowly cylindric, carmine; FI. small.—Mexico.
Fr. 5-6 cm lg., clavate.—Jamaica (dry S. zones).
M. dawsoniiH. Bravo 1965
M. cremnophilusBuin. & Bred. Bo. spherical, simple, to 20 cm h., 15cm 0;Ri. 14;
Bo.simple, 12 emit., 14 cm 0 , green to dark green; Ar. oval, 4 mm lg.; Rsp.9-11, bent sideways, 3-3.5
Ceph. to 12 cm h., 6-7 cm 0 , consisting of thin red cm lg., subulate, whitish to dull yellow; Csp.mostly
Br. and grey wool; Ri. 11(—13), obtuse, without 4; Ceph.c. 5 cm h., with white wool and brownish-
prominences between the Ar.; Ar. rather sunken, red Br.; FI.with Ov. 4 cm lg.; Fr. clavate, to 5 cm
1.5 cm apart, round to ± elliptic, 5-7 mm lg., 5 mm lg.; S. 2 mm lg., coffee-coloured.—Mexico (Jalisco,
br., with short white felt, this soon disappearing; Rancho Cuixmala, near Tenacatita). Differen­
Sp. glassy, horn-coloured below and light reddish- tiated from other Mexican Melocacti by its more
brown above at first, soon greying, tipped dark numerous Csp. and larger FI.
brown, stout, straight, thickened below; Rsp. 8-9,
one lower Sp. 6-7 cm lg., 3 on either side of the Ar., M. deinacanthusBuin. & Bred.
lower ones longest (to 4.5 cm); Csp. 4, cruciform, Bo. simple, to 35 cm h. and 18 cm 0 , green; Ceph.
bottom one 3.5M cm lg.; FI. carmine, 16 mm lg., to 20 cm h. and to 9 cm 0 , with white wool and
3.5 mm 0 ; Fr.clavate, 22-25 mm lg., 5-6 mm br., many red Br., giving a generally red appearance;
310
 MELOCACTUS

Ri. 10(—12), c. 4.5 cm br. and apart, fairly acute, S. 1.2 mm lg., 0.8 mm br., black.—Brazil (Bahia,
ith hatchet-shaped prominences between the Ar.; Serra do Espinhaco, among flat hills at c. 900 m).
At.oval, to 17 mm lg. and to 11 mm br., 2-2.5 cm (Fig. 490.)
-part, deeply sunken; Sp.reddish to flesh-coloured
at first, later grey to black, stout, hard, curving, M. ferreophilusBuin. & Bred.
:r:ckened below; Rsp.radiating, the bottom one to Bo. simple, to 33 cm h. including Ceph., to 19 cm
5 cm lg., others shorter; Csp. 4,cruciform, 3-4 cm 0, green to greyish-green; Ceph. 5 cm h., 9 cm 0,
; .FI. tubular, glabrous, violet, 19 mm lg.; style with white wool and many red Br.; Ri. 10, straight,
•hitish, with 4 cream Sti.; Fr. clavate, white; S. vertical, acute, with prominences between the Ar.;
.ap-shaped, testa matt black, with prominent Ar. oval, c. 10 mm lg., with light grey wool at first,
rounded Tub.—Brazil (Bahia, NW. of Caitite, at c. later glabrous, 2 cm apart; FI. carmine, 15 mm lg.;
2>3m, on and between naked rocks). Discovered in stylewhite, with 6 white Sti.; Fr. pinkish-white to
.971 by Burning and Horst. white, to 29 mm lg.; S. spherical to cap-shaped.—
Brazil (Bahia, near Cameleiros, at c. 840 m, in
M. delessertianusLem. strongly ferrugineous soil, pH 7-8). Found 1967-8
Bo.spherical, slightly tapering, to 10 cm h., 9 cm 0, by Horst and Uebelmann. (Fig. 491.)
greyish-green; Ceph. c. 4 cm h., 5 cm 0, in-
erspersed with numerous orange-red Br. to 3 cm M. fortalezensisRauh & Backbg.
lg.; Ri. 15, + spiralled; Rsp. 9-10, to 2 cm lg., Bo. to 20 cm h., 10 cm 0, greyish-green; Ceph.
subulate, curving slightly towards the Bo.; Csp. 2, stout-cylindric, to c. 10 cm lg., 6 cm 0 , interspersed
:>ne above the other, upper one erect, to 2.5 cm lg., with red Br.; Ri. 9-12, + obtuse; Rsp. to 10, to
iawer one to 2.8 cm lg.; all Sp. grey, tinged pink, 4(-6) cm lg., + curving; Csp. 1-3, to 6 cm lg.,
upped reddish-brown; FI. 2.5 cm lg., purplish- usually one above the other(s), 1 projecting and
pink: Fr.c. 3 cm lg.—Mexico (Jalapa). bent + upwards; Sp. in newer growth reddish,
becoming black, very stout, sometimes + grooved,
M. depressusHook. ± thickened below; FI.c. 1cm 0, rotate, carmine;
Bo.depressed-pyramidal, c. 8 cm h., 15 cm 0 , vivid Fr. carmine. Ceph. also developing from apical
green; Ceph. flat, with short brown Br.; Ri. c. 10, shoots, sometimes forking.—Peru (Rio Fortaleza).
nroad, obtuse; Sp. 5-7, to 2 cm lg., brownish to
ash-grey; FI. not known; Fr. c. 2.5 cm lg., light M. giganteusBuin. & Bred.
carmine to pinkish-red.—Brazil (near Per­ Bo.simple, to 48 cm h. without Ceph., to 20 cm 0,
nambuco). green; Ceph.to 26 cm lg., to 9 cm 0, white-woolly,
strongly interspersed with red Br., especially on the
M. ernestiiVpl. sides; Ri. to 15, often twisted to the left, 2-2.3 cm
Bo. later much elongated; Ceph. almost the width apart; Ar. round, 6-8 mm 0, sunken, grey at first,
>fthe apex, the older part with crowded projecting then glabrous, 2 cm apart; Sp. very stout,
Br.: Ri. 10, acute, slightly spiralled; Sp. c. 10 (and brownish-pink at first, greyish-brown later, thick­
more?), 3 later directed distinctly and obliquely ened below; Rsp. c. 8, spreading around the Csp.,
downwards, at least 1 sometimes longer than half 11-18 mm lg., ± curving; Csp. 1,15-17 mm lg., to
:he plant’s height; FI. small, opening widely; 4 mm thick below, curving obliquely upwards; FI.
colour ?—Brazil (Bahia, Rio da Contas). tubular, 6-8 mm lg., brilliant lilac; Fr. 18 mm lg., to
7 mm 0, containing c. 35 cap-shaped S.—Brazil
M. erythranthusBuin. & Bred. (Bahia, Serra San Inacio, on and between naked
Bo.simple, spherical to slightly conical, to 11 cm h., rocks, sometimes under shrubs, at c. 520 m). Found
to 12 cm 0, green; Ri. 11-12, fairly acute, to 3 cm by Buining and Horst in 1968, and re-collected in
apart below, to 1cm above; Ar.round, 6-7 mm 0, 1972.
with short creamy-white felt at first, sunken, to 2
cm apart; Sp.yellowish-brown to deep red at first, M. glaucescensBuin. & Bred.
later grey; Rsp. c. 7, one of these 10-13 cm lg., Bo. simple, subspherical, to 14 cm h. and 0,
curving, directed downwards, others arranged greyish-green to bluish-green; Ri. 11, 2-3.5 cm br.;
around the Csp., 1.5-3 cm lg., + curving; Csp. 4, Ar. round, 4 mm 0, white-felty, later glabrous,
cruciform, bottom one 4.5-5.5 cm lg., others 1.5-2 10-18 mm apart; Sp. c. 8, grey, tipped black, 25
cm lg.; Ceph. to 6 cm h. and 0, with snow-white mm lg.; 2 smaller shorter Rsp.,only 11 mm lg.; Csp.
wool interspersed with short red Br. which, as the 2, one of these directed obliquely upwards, 14 mm
white wool shrinks, give the Ceph. a deep red lg., the other slightly hooked at the tip and
appearance; FI.tubular, almost 21 mm lg., to 5 mm thickened below, pointing straight downwards, 15
br., lilac-red; Sep. spatulate; Pet. lanceolate; Fr. mm lg.; FI.21 mm lg., 6 mm 0, red, arising from a
clavate, 22-25 mmlg., 5-7 mmbr., glossy wine-red; dense Ceph. 7 cm 0, with ivory-white H. and
311
MELOCACTUS

very few Br.; Fr. 12 mm lg., red; S. round, 1-1.3 somewhat stouter ; Sp. thin, flexible, whitish or +
mm lg.—Brazil (Central Bahia, in W. Serró do pale reddish, often darker above and below,
Espinhaco, at 900 m). (Fig. 492.) becoming grey; FI. red, long-projecting, scarcely
opening, Pet. ± erect ; Fr.red, to 2 cm lg.—N. Peru
M. guaricensisCroiz. (Santa valley, near Huallanca).
Bo. truncate-spherical to truncate-conical, to 10 cm
h., c. 9 cm 0 , yellowish-green; Ceph. broadly M. intortus(Mill.) Urb.
hemispherical, to 4 cm h., 8 cm br., Br. reddish; Ri. Bo. spherical, later cylindric, to 1 m h„ + pale
c. 10; Rsp. and Csp.7-9, to c. 1.8 cm lg., all slightly green; Ceph. broadly rounded, later short -
curving, later rigid, dark yellow to dark brown, new cylindric, with brown Br. ; Ri. 14-20, broad, ±
ones frosted; FI. ?; Fr. to 1.5 cm lg.—Venezuela spiralled; Sp. 7-10-15, 2-7 cm lg., stout, yellow to
(Guárico, N. of Parmana). brown; FI. to 2 cm lg., pink; Fr.red.—W. Indies,
v. antonii(Britt.) Backbg. : more ovoid in shape,
M. guitartiLeón Ri. conspicuously wider below; Sp. thinner,
Bo. depressed-spherical, to c. 11 cm h., 15 cm 0 ; longer; FI.less projecting; Fr. red above, white
Ceph.to c. 3 cm h., 8 cm 0 , scarcely overtopped by below.—Desecheo Is., near Puerto Rico.
reddish-brown Br.; Ri. 12; Rsp.9-10, to 2.5 cm lg.,
spreading horizontally, slightly curving, sometimes M. jansenianusBackbg.
reddish, usually yellowish, stiff; Csp. 2, to 3.5 cm Bo. spherical, to 20 cm 0 , greyish-green; Ceph.
lg., rather stouter than the Rsp., projecting, eventually long-cylindric, to 20 cm lg., 8 cm 0 ,
yellowish; FI. to 4 cm lg.. Pet. spreading to densely set with brownish Br.; Ri. c. 10, later
recurved, deep pink; Fr.3-4 cm lg., clavate, glossy, flatter; Rsp.c. 10, ± curving to the Bo., upper ones
red.—Cuba (Sierra de Jatibonico). shorter, bottom one longest ; Csp. 1(-3), 2-3 cm lg.,
+ curving; Sp. deep brownish, later black, lower
M. harlowii(Br. & R.) Vpl. ones thickened below; FI.very small, brilliant red;
Bo.elongated-ovoid, to 25 cm h., light green; Ceph. Fr. c. 2.5 cm lg., slender, red.—Peru (Libertad,
to 7.5 cm h. and 0 ; Ri. 12; Rsp. c. 12, to 3 cm lg., close to the sea).
thin, spreading, reddish, later straw-coloured; Csp.
to 4, to 2 cm lg., rather stouter; FI. c, 2 cm lg.,
pinkish-red; Fr. c. 2 cm lg., red.—E. Cuba M. lemairei(Monv.) Miqu.
(Guantánamo region). Bo. to 30 cm h., to 20 cm 0 , mostly more slender,
tapering above; Ceph.to 10 cm h., with brown Br. ;
M. havannensis Miqu. is probably identical with Ri. 9-10; Rsp. 8-12, 2-3 cm lg.; Csp. 1— 2— 3; Sp.
Melocactus guitarti León or may be an earlier stout, ± flattened, horn to brownish ; FI.c. 2 cm lg.,
name for the latter. pink; Fr. slender, pink.—Hispaniola (Santo Do­
mingo).
M. hispaniolicusVpl.: regarded as a synonym of M.
lemairei (Monv.) Miqu., but differs considerably in M. lobeliiSur.
having a flat Ceph. + overtopped by ruby-red and Bo. + spherical, c. 16 cm h. and br.; Ceph.
± spine-like Br., and thus probably constitutes a flattened-rounded, c. 2.5 cm h., 7.5 cm 0 , Br.
valid species.—Haiti (Gonaives). brown; Ri. 12-14, + acute; Rsp. 7(—10), 1.5-3 cm
lg., radiating, sometimes + recurved; Csp.(1— )2—3,
M. horridusWerd. to 4 cm lg., + curving; Sp. acicular, yellowish or
Bo. to c. 12 cm h., greyish-green, ± pyramidal; light brownish to horn-coloured, tipped dark
Ceph. c. 3 cm h., 5-6 cm 0 , with red acicular Sp.; brown, usually ± frosted; FI. to c. 3.5 cm lg.,
Ri.c. 12, ± notched;Rsp.8-10, porrect, l-5cmlg., purple; Fr.red.—Venezuela (Margarita Is.).
stiff, subulate, thickened below, rusty-red; Csp.
3-4, to 3 cm lg., porrect, stout; FI. and Fr. M. macrocanthos(SD.) Lk. & O.
unknown.—Brazil (Pernambuco, Villa Bella). Bo. spherical, to 30 cm 0 , pale green; Ceph.
eventually to 20 cm h., to 10 cm 0 , interspersed
M. huallancaensis(huallancensis) Rauh & Backbg. with, or overtopped by brown Br. ; Ri. 11-15,
Bo.pyramidally tapering, toe. 8 cmh., to 13 cm 0 , rounded ; Sp.variable in number and length, yellow
bluish to greyish-green; Ceph. to 3 cm h. (and to brownish; Rsp. to 15, 3 cm lg. (and more),
more?), c. 6.5 cm 0 , with sparse brownish-red Br.; acicular, spreading; Csp.4 (and more), unequal, to
Ri.14; Rsp.4 on either side, spreading, to 2 cm lg., 1 7 cm lg., stouter, subulate ; FI.c. 2 cm lg. ; Fr.stout-
upper one, more erect, c. 1 cm lg., with 1 thinner clavate, to 2 cm lg., glossy, red.—Islands off
Ssp., 1more central lower one directed downwards, Curaçao. One of the most variable spec., hence the
to 1.5 cm lg.; Csp. 1, porrect, slightly curving. many synonyms.
312
 MELOCACTUS

M. macrodiscusWerd. below, greyish-green; Ceph. flattened-rounded,

Bo. ± depressed-spherical,toe. 14cmh., 18cm0, with a few purplish-red Br. overtopping the long
dull light to deeper green; Ceph. disc-shaped, white wool; Ri. 10, acute, notched; Rsp. 8-11, to
eventually ± elongated, densely seLwith red Br.; 2.2 cm lg., stiff, + curving, radiating, subulate,
Ri. c. 11, acute; Rsp. to 9, to 2 cm lg., stoutly banded, whitish-brownish; Csp. mostly 2, upper
subulate, ± curving and appressed; Csp.(0— ) 1, to 2 one porrect, lower one directed downwards; FI. to
cm lg.; Sp.frosted grey, sometimes tinged reddish- 2.5 cm 0 , pink.—Colombia (Sta. Fé de Bogota,
brownish ; FI.not protruding, to 5 mm 0 , pinkish- 2800 m[?]).
red ; Fr.violet-pink.—Brazil (Bahia Brejinhos, near
Caetete). M. ocujaliusRiha nom. prov.
Bo. very large, to 35 cm 0 ; Ceph. very long.
M. matanzanusLeon Resembles M. communis.—Cuba (Sierra Maes­
Bo. spherical to depressed-rounded, to 8 cm h., to 9 tra).
cm 0 ; Ceph.c. 4 cm h., to 6 cm 0 , Br. dense, fine,
orange-reddish; Ri. 8-9, ± acute, prominent,
M. onychacanthus Ritt. (FR ?), “with white
sinuate; Rsp. 7-8, to 1.5 cm lg., spreading; Csp. 1, claws”—not yet described.
rarely longer; Sp. reddish at first, soon yellowish-
white; FI. little projecting, c. 1.7 cm lg., pink; Fr.
pale pink (to white). Rather variable spec.—Cuba M. oreasMiqu.
IMatanzas). Bo. ± spherical, to c. 12 cm h., dull light to deep
green; Ceph. flat, 4.5 cm 0 , Br. ruby-red, not
M. maxonii(Rose) Giirke noticeably projecting; Ri.to 14 (and more); Rsp.to
Bo.shortly conical, 10-15 cm h., dark green; Ceph. 12, upper ones 1 cm lg., bottom one to 7.5 cm lg.;
not large, broader than tall, Br. brown; Ri. 11-15, Csp. mostly 4, to 5 cm lg.; Sp. stout, acicular,
± rounded; Rsp.mostly 9, sometimes several other flexible, often curving away from the Bo., trans­
smaller ones, spreading or bent, light or pinkish- parent horny-brown to reddish, lighter below, later
red with a white sheen, becoming amber-coloured; frosted, yellowish with a ¿darker tip; FI. and
Csp. 1(—2), short, projecting + horizontally; FI. Fr. ?—Brazil (Bahia).
small, pinkish-red; Fr. red.—Guatemala (near El
Rancho and Salama). I M. permutabilis (FR 1331): no description avail-
I able.
M. melocactoides(Hoffm.) DC.
Bo. flattened-rounded, c. 8 cm h., 15 cm 0 , light M. peruvianusVpl.
green; Ceph. small; Ri.c. 10, broad, rounded; Rsp. Bo. spherical to slightly pyramidal and broadly
5-8, + curving, angular, pale brown, becoming rounded, greyish-green; Ceph. 2-8 cm h., c. 6.5 cm
grey; FI.pink; Fr.to 2.5 cm lg., white (to very pale 0 , with numerous pungent reddish-brown Br.
pink).—Brazil (Cabo Frio). projecting c. 5 cm; Ri. 12-14, acute, flanks slightly
wavy; Rsp. (7-)10, mostly with 4 radiating to
M. neryiK. Sch. each side; 1 upwardly directed shortest Sp. to
Bo. low-spherical, to 11 cm h., 14 cm 0 , dark 1.5 cm lg., 1 downwardly directed, lowest ones to 3
green; Ceph. c. 5 cm h., 7 cm 0 , set with red Br. 2 cm lg.; Csp. 0-1, 2-4 cm lg., pointing obliquely
cm lg.; Ri. 10, acute; Sp. 7-9, straight or slightly upwards; Sp. very stout, stiff, very pungent,
curving, grey, lowest one to c. 2.7 cm lg. and slightly reddish-brown when wet; FI. dark pink, rotate; Fr.
furrowed, one Sp. sometimes ± central; FI.c. 2.2 red.—Central Peru (near Chosica).
cm lg., carmine; Fr. light carmine.—Brazil (Ama­ Very variable in body shape and size, and
zonas, on the Araca River). spination; the following varieties are more clearly
divergent:
v. cañetensisRauh & Backbg.: Bo.low, rounded,
M. oaxacensis(Br. & R.) Backbg. to c. 15 cm h.; Ceph. c. 10 cm h. and 0 , set with
Bo. spherical to oblong, to c. 15 cm 0 ; Ceph. flat, stout carmine Br., later brownish-red, and
only c. 2-3 cm h.; Ri. 11-15, + rounded; Rsp. bordered by the top interlacing Sp.; FI.
8-12, to 2 cm lg., ± curving; Csp. 1( 2), erect or carmine.—Central Peru (Cañete valley);
porrect; Sp. reddish-brown at first, later grey; FI. v. lurinensis Rauh & Backbg.: Bo. broadly
slender, deep pink; Fr. glossy, scarlet.—Mexico spherical, to c. 10 cm h. and 0 ; all Sp.confused,
iOaxaca). interlacing and bent, very claw-like to ± loop­
like, some + compressed, brown at first; FI.and
M. obtusipetalusLem. Fr. carmine.—Central Peru (Lurin to Eulalia
Bo. spherical, then pyramidal, c. 22 cm h., 16 cm 0 valleys).

313
MELOCACTUS-MICRANTHOCEREUS

M. pruinosusWerd. cm 0, dark green; Ceph. hemispherical to elon­

Bo. spherical-ovoid, 10-12 cm h., 11-14 cm 0, gated, to 5 cm h., to 7 cm 0, Br. stouter, red or
frosted green; Ceph. disc-shaped, to 7 cm 0; Ri. violet; Ri. 10-12, acute; Rsp. 5-7, 0.5-2 cm lg., ±
9-10; Rsp. 5-6 (sometimes with 2-3 smaller Ssp.), bent, sometimes straight, subulate, reddish to
to 3 cm lg., upper ones shorter, subulate, radiating, violet, becoming grey; Csp. 0-1, to 2 cm lg.; FI.
reddish-brown; Csp. 1, 2 cm lg., erect; FI.and Fr. little projecting, deep flesh-colour; Fr. slender-
?—Brazil (Bahia, Sierra do Espinha?o). clavate, red.—Brazil (near Rio de Janeiro).

M. rectispinus (FR 951): data unavailable. M. zehntneri(Br. & R.) Backbg.

Bo. later cylindric, to 30 cm h., truncate above;
M. rubrispinus (FR 1330): data unavailable. Ceph.stoutly cylindric, + as wide as the apex; Rsp.
to 2.5 cm lg., + curving, terete, stout, dark brown;
M. ruestiiK, Sch. Csp. 1, spreading or erect; FI. pink; Fr. red.—
Bo. shortly conical to + spherical, bluish-green, to Brazil (plains near Joazeiro).
15 cm 0 ; Ceph. small, high, with stiff brown Br.;
Rl. 11-19; Rsp. 5-8, 2.5-3 cm lg., subulate, Mesechinopsis Y. Ito (1957): Pseudolobivia
spreading or recurved; Csp. 1, to 3 cm lg., subulate; Backbg. (1946).
Sp. dark brown at first; FI.small, red (description
from Br. & R.)—Honduras (near Comayagua).
Ceph. white-woolly, Br.-Sp. long! Micranthocereus Backbg. (176)
M. salvadorensisWerd. A hitherto monotypic genus of low-growing,
Bo. hemispherical, to 12 cm 0 , light green; Ceph. slender-stemmed Cerei, branching from the base,
flattened-rounded, c. 1-2 cm h., 5-6 cm 0, with red with the bluish-frosted body almost concealed, in
acicular Sp.; Ri. 10-12, ± acute; Rsp. 8-9, the flowering zone, by white wool and white spines.
subulate, spreading horizontally, reddish; Csp. A type of pseudo-cephalium is developed, always
0-1, to 2.5 cm lg.; FI.and Fr. ?—Brazil (Bahia, San on the side towards the north-west, consisting of
Salvador). rather thick areolar wool interspersed with mod­
ified bristle-like spines. Here up to 30-40 flowers
M. trujilloensis(trujillensis) Rauh & Backbg. may appear simultaneously; these are small and
Bo. + pyramidal-spherical, to 11 cm h., 8-11 cm pink, the interior of the tube with a ring of minute
0, light green; Ceph. broadly rounded, to 3 cm h. scales in the lower part. The fruits are glabrous,
(and more?), to 6 cm 0, with vivid carmine Br., small and lidded, and the seeds glossy blackish-
dense and clearly projecting, fewer in the centre; brown. Juvenile plants have quite long hair, and the
Ri. 10; Rsp. 10-12, 2 cm lg., lower ones to 3 cm lg.; base is ringed with golden-yellow bristles to 10 cm
Csp. 1^1, stoutly subulate, thickened below, long, similar to Thrixanthocereus.—Distribution:
sometimes 1-2 upper Ssp., much shorter and Brazil (Bahia, near Caetete). [Probably not found
thinner ;Sp.bluish-grey to reddish, ± glassy, tipped in cultivation.]
dark brown; FI. rotate, light carmine; Fr. thick-
clavate, light carmine.—Peru (Trujillo region),
v. schoeniiRauh & Backbg.: Bo.more elongated, M. fiaviflorusBuin. & Bred. 1974
to 12cmlg., 10 cm 0 below; Ceph.tall, rounded, Bo.columnar, offsetting from the base; St.to 75 cm
c. 5 cm h. and 0, with dense red Br.; Sp.brown lg., to 4 cm 0, epidermis green, frosted blue; Ri.c.
to ± blackish, thickened below. 16, to 6 mm br., 6 mm apart; Ar. oval, 3-4 mm
apart, woolly at first, with white silky H. c. 10 mm
M. unguispinusBackbg. lg., later glabrous; Sp. straight, stiff, yellowish-
Bo. elongated, to c. 20 cm h., mostly ± tapering brown, later dirty white; Rsp.numerous, radiating,
above (and below); Ceph. flattened-hemispherical, c. 5 mm lg., glassy; Csp. c. 9, middle one c. 20 mm
later taller, to 5 cm h., 6 cm 0, ± strongly set with lg., others 6-13 mm lg.; FI. numerous, from the
occasionally + interlacing Br.; Ri. c. 14, rather apical Ceph., tubular, yellow with a red pericarpel;
obtuse; Rsp.8— 9(—12), radiating, ± bent, the upper stylewhite; Sti.4, yellow; Fr.berry-like, light red,
ones shortest, 1 longest Sp. directed downwards; slightly glossy; S. cap-shaped, glossy black.—
Csp. 1(—3), porrect, pointing slightly upwards, Brazil (Bahia, Serra do Curral Feio, on and
thickened below; FI. small, light red; Fr. dark between rocks at c. 850 m). Discovered in 1972 by
red.—N. Peru (dry scrub of the E. Sechura). Horst and Buining.

M. violaceusPfeiff. M. monteazulensis (FR 1214): no description

Bo. shortly conical or spherical, to 12 cm h., to 10 available.
314
 MICRANTHOCEREUS—MICROPUNTIA

M. multangularis (FR 1328): no description Corynopuntia pulchella. This is an error since the
Iavailable. latter has unusually long glochids. Ultimately,
clarification rests once again upon observations of
M. polyanthus(Werd.) Backbg. (T.) living plants; in the case of preserved type-material
Bo. to 1.25 m h. ; St. slender, to c. 5 cm 0 ; Ri. c. it would be impossible to tell whether glochids were
15-20, straight; Rsp. c. 20-30, 0.5-1.2 cm lg., + normally absent or if—as must certainly have
obliquely projecting, acicular, whitish to golden- happened in some instances where they were
yellow; Csp. scarcely differentiated, usually 3-7, originally present—they had become detached, and
1-3 of these considerably stouter, some to 3 cm lg., been lost. “Photographic type-material with close-
golden-yellow or light brownish, often also red­ up photographs” would probably be helpful here,
dish; FI. to 1.8 cm lg., glabrous; Fr. 5-7 mm lg., especially in colour. The flowers remain open for
pinkish-red, paler below.—Distribution: see only one day, or half a day; they are fairly large in
above. (Fig. 231.) relation to the stem-segment, and apparently all (as
far as known) are light purplish-red. But since the
M. purpureus (FR 1329): no description available. bodies are rather polymorphic, sometimes being so
slender-cylindric that the shape alone would make
M. violaciflorusBuin. it impossible to refer them to other genera, and also
Bo.to 1m h., 4cm thick; Ri. 14, 5 mm apart, acute, on account of the mostly reduced glochids (i.e. in
green, hidden by fine Sp.; Ar. oval, 5 mm apart, 2 plants on own roots), Micropuntia can be con­
mm lg., 1.5 mm br., with white to brownish H. ; sidered a valid genus. It is only in some vigorously-
Rsp. numerous, to 25 or more, in part appressed growing grafted plants that the otherwise reduced
against the Ri., partly projecting and spreading, glochids appear, here and there, and have been
hyaline to light brown; Csp. 1, to 2.5 cm lg., red; observed in one species.—Distribution: USA
Pseudo-Ceph. developing on flowering-size plants, (Utah, Nevada, California, NW. Arizona). [Plants
consisting of dense white to brownish wool and only grow well when grafted, and do best on
numerous red bristly Csp.; FI.c. 23 mm lg., 7 mm Opuntia tomentosa.]
0, cylindric, open in the daytime; Rec. 18 mm lg.,
greenish-red below, passing over into brick-red, M. barkleyanaDaston
with few small red Sc. ; Pet.c. 2 mm lg., acute, violet Bo. later clavate, with rounded Tub.; taproot
outside ; Fil.white, with yellow An.;stylewhite ; Fr. elongated, to 10 cm lg.; Rsp. 4—6, c. 1 cm lg.; Csp.
urn-shaped, greenish; S. obliquely ovoid, black.— 2-3 (-4), c. 1.5 cm lg. and more, thickened below;
Brazil (Minas Geraes, Chapada do Diamantina, at Sp. compressed, dirty silvery-grey.—Utah (W. of
c. 950 m). Found in 1968 by Buining and Horst. Milford).
M. brachyrhopalicaDaston (T.)
Micropuntia Daston (14) Bo. dwarf-clavate, thin below; taprootc. 5 cm lg.,
thickened-terete, R. branching, to 30 cm lg.; St.
Dwarf plants, simple or cushion-forming, with with rounded Tub., sometimes suffused reddish;
long-branching taproots. The cylindric or clavate Ar. with whitish hairlets above; Rsp. 5-6(?), c. 3
stem-segments arise in part from the neck of the mm lg.; Csp. 1, + curving, 0.5 cm lg. (and longer?),
root, or from a short trunklet. The small leaves are thickened below; Sp. not flattened, flexible,
(always?) reddish, the spines slender and flexible. white.—USA (SW. Utah, near Desert Experimen­
The flowers, which appear at the stem-tips, have a tal Ranch, W. of Milford).
thin and ± densely spiny ovary; sunken flowers
have occasionally been reported (Schattat), such as M. gracilicylindricaWiegand & Backbg.
have also been noted in Erdisia, Op. johnsonii, Bo. often with a trunklet; Seg. slender, long,
Wilcoxia albiflora etc. cylindric, not becoming clavate, to 20 cm lg., 6-9
The validity of this genus is in dispute. Daston gave mm 0 , slightly raised around the Ar.; Ar. minute,
the absence of glochids as the most vital diagnostic scarcely visibly felty; Rsp. to c. 16-20, to 3(-6) mm
character. Wiegand claimed to have observed lg.; Csp. 1, thickened in the lower part; all Sp.
these, but they were in fact only minute spines. appressed, mostly pointing downwards; FI.
Investigations undertaken by Schattat, in the pinkish-red, open only for one morning; Ov. with
Botanical Garden of “Les Cèdres”, showed that fine white Sp.—USA (Nevada). (Fig. 232.)
glochids were missing in all the four species
cultivated there. L. Benson (USA) leaves the M. pygmaea Wiegand & Backbg.
question open, in view of the absence of type- Bo. arising from the upper part of the root-neck, or
material, but suggests that the Micropuntia species from a very thin trunklet; Seg.elongated-spherical,
might belong to the complex of forms around to only 2.5 cm lg., c. 6 mm 0 , slightly raised around
315
MICROPUNTIA—MILA

the Ar.; Rsp. to c. 12-14, to 2 mm lg., very thin, sometimes + pale brownish, soon becoming
acicular, weakly projecting; Csp. 0(-l), longer, to whitish, all are sometimes hair-like.—Peru (Santa
1.4 cm lg., variable; Sp. white; FI. purplish-pink, valley).
open only for 1day.—USA (Nevada). It has not yet
been possible to establish with any certainty M. albo-areolataAkers
Bo. dark green; St. to c. 8 cm lg., to 2.5 cm 0 ; Ri.
whether this spec, is identical with any of Daston’s
plants. (Fig. 233.) 10-12; Ar.very white-woolly above; Rsp.c. 30-35,
4-7 mm lg., appressed in all directions, whitish;
M. spectatissima Daston: regarded by Wiegand as Csp. 3-5, to 2 cm lg., yellow, tipped black; FI. +
a juvenile form: Taprootc. lOcmlg., 2.5 cm 0 ; Sp. rotate, golden-yellow; Fr. yellowish to reddish
absent or, if present, 2-4, slender; Fr. densely olive-green, with light veins.—Peru (near Imperial,
white-spined. S. of Lima).

M. tuberculosirhopalicaWiegand & Backbg. M. brevisetaRauh & Backbg.

Bo. clavate, slender; Seg. ± tuberculate, to c. 4 cm Bo. matt greyish-green; St.short, ± bent, to c. 2.5
lg., c. 2.5 cm 0 above; lower Ar. spineless, upper cm 0 ; Ri.c. 13; Ar.with delicate yellowish-brown
ones with light flock; Rsp. said mostly to be felt; Sp.to c. 50, very short, bristly, some hair-like
missing; Csp. c. 3-4, to 1.3 cm lg., spreading, Br. later projecting, longer, centrals brownish-
projecting, thin but firm, brown to black; FI. coloured or tipped so, especially at the apex, later
pinkish-red; also reported as being sunken white.—Peru (Eulalia valley).
(perhaps anomalous?).—USA (Utah, Arizona).
(Fig. 234.) M. caespitosaBr. & R. (T.)
Bo.atmostto 15cm h.;St.to3cm 0;Ri.c. 10; Ar.
M. wiegandiiBackbg. with dense brown felt, later white-woolly; Rsp. 20
Bo. forming cushions averaging 20 cm 0 , but (and more), to 1 cm lg.; Csp. several, longest ones
considerably larger ones have been reported; Seg. to 3 cm lg., stouter; Sp. yellowish at first, tipped
slender-clavate, 10-15 cm lg., c. 1.25 cm 0 , with brown, soon concolorous brown; FI. to c. 1.5 cm
oblong Tub.; Sp. scarcely differentiated, c. 12, 1-3 lg., yellow, fading to reddish.—Peru (lower Rimac
as centrals, 1 broader and more flattened, to 3 cm valley). (Fig. 236.)
lg., all very flexible, + strongly contorted, interlac­
ing, almost all of them + flattened, mostly light (to M. cereoidesRauh & Backbg.
darker.—USA (Nevada, California). (Fig. 235.) Bo. forming lax colonies; St. to 30 cm lg., 5 cm 0 ,
It is apparent from more recent collections that the + cereoid, ascending, slightly bent at the base; Ri.
plants are more variable than the first descriptions c. 13; Ar. with yellowish-brown felt; Rsp. c. 18,
suggested. later more, to c. 1cm lg. eventually, bristly, ± curly
and interlacing; Csp. to c. 11, 4 + cruciform and
stouter, slightly thickened below, to c. 2 cm lg.,
Mila Br. & R. (52) golden-brown, sometimes blackish-brown at
first.—Peru (Rio Fortaleza valley).
Dwarf-cereoid plants forming colonies or groups.
The stems are soft-fleshed and either straight or M. densisetaRauh & Backbg.
curving, the spination being variable: stout, + Bo. fresh green; St. to 25 cm lg., c. 4 cm 0 ,
subulate to acicular, stiff' to weak or bristle-like; prostrate, with shoots from the upperside; Ri.
some species also have hair-like bristles. The 12-15; Sp. numerous, ± interlacing and ±
flowers, borne ± apically, are small-funnelform, completely concealing the Bo., 0.6-2 cm lg., bristly,
yellow or sometimes creamy-white, the tube is rather stiff, slightly yellowish to light brownish in
short, it or the ovary having felt and some fine the apex, becoming white, later with slightly curly,
hairlets. The ± naked fruit is a juicy small berry. erect, hair-like Br. below, to c. 1.3 cm lg.; Csp.not
Seeds are black. —Distribution: Central Peru distinguishable.—Peru (Pisco valley).
(Valleys of Eulalia, Rimac, Canete, Santa and Rio
Fortaleza). [(R).] M. fortalezensisRauh & Backbg.
Bo. matt greyish-green, to 10 cm h.; R. napiform;
M. albisaetacens(albisetacea) Rauh & Backbg. St. + spherical, to 8 cm lg.; Ri. 11-13; Rsp.
Bo.greyish-green; St.to 15 cm lg., to c. 3 cm 0 ; Ri. numerous, fine, interlacing; Csp. 6-8, 1 darker Sp.
9-10; Ar.small, pale brownish; Rsp.numerous, ± at first pointing upwards, later sometimes 1 longer
hair-like, sometimes mingled with H., interlacing; Sp. pointing downwards; Sp.brownish to darker at
Csp. 3-5, whitish, some later 1.2-3.5 cm lg. and first, later more dirty-white; Fr. very small,
rather firmer, ± directed downwards; apical Sp. greenish.—Peru (Rio Fortaleza valley).
316
 MILA—MITROCEREUS

VI. kubeanaWerd. & Backbg. v. pallidior Rauh & Backbg.: St. slender-
Bo. forming large colonies, fresh green, to c. 15 cm cylindric; Ar. with light brown felt; Sp. not
h.: St.later ± prostrate; Ar. yellow-felted at first, differentiated, all soon white, not greying, some
soon glabrous; Rsp. 9-16, bristly, flexible, to c. 1 tipped ± brownish and arranged more centrally.
cm lg., white; Csp.to 4, scarcely differentiated as to
length and thickness, light brown, ± darker- Mirabella Ritt.
tipped, mostly thickened below, sometimes 1 M. albicaulis Ritt. (FR 1237): no description
lowest Sp. longer, pointing obliquely downwards; available.
FI. satiny, light yellow; Fr. glossy, olive-green,
.vme-red when ripe.—Peru (Rimac valley, near
Matucana). Mitrocereus (Backbg.) Backbg. (163)

M. lurinensisRauh & Backbg. (Pseudomitrocereus H. Bravo & F. Buxb.)

Bo. fresh greyish-green; St. small-cereoid, to 10 cm
lg.. 3 cm 0 ; Ri. 10-14; Ar. with yellowish-white Very large, trunk-forming Cerei with erect stout
felt: Rsp. to 40, very fine, only 5 mm lg., whitish, branches; when flowering age is reached, there
often interspersed with stouter Sp., brownish-black develops at the apex a woolly mass which is not
above on new growth; Csp. 2-3 (and more), to 2.5 very prominent and which is interspersed with
cm lg., white, dark-tipped or whitish below and bristles or consists of modified spines. The noctur­
deep blackish-brown above.—Peru (Lurin valley). nal flowers are stoutly bellshaped, they and the
bellshaped fruits set with felt and bristles; the fruits
VI. nealeana Backbg. are alike in both species of the genus, which were
Bo. greyish-green; St. often to 30 cm lg., c. 3 cm 0 ; earlier referred to Pachycereus or in part to
Ri. 11-14, ± tuberculate; Ar. with white to Neobuxbaumia.
brownish felt; Rsp. to 30, c. 5 mm lg., very thin, Backebergia H. Bravo is distinguished by a
white, tipped brownish; Csp. 4-7, stouter, 1(-2)of completely different type of cephalium-
these longer, to 2 cm lg., projecting and later development, while the flowers and fruit are also
pointing strongly downwards, light brownish at different, both in shape and indumentum. To
first, tipped darker, later white, ± dark-tipped; FI. include this latter genus in Mitrocereus (sensu H.
brilliant yellow; Fr. green.—Peru (Eulalia, Rimac Bravo) cannot be admitted; in the first place the
and Cañete valleys). generic diagnosis is not applicable to Backebergia,
v. tenuior Rauh & Backbg.: Bo. rather darker and secondly this was presumably due to
green, more slender than the type; St. shorter; Buxbaum’s attempt to replace Mitrocereus by
Rsp. yellowish at first, brown-tipped; Csp. 1-2, Pseudomitrocereus, which misrepresents the facts
to 2.5 cm lg.—Rimac valley. and is superfluous, since the name of Britton &
Ritter’s Mila sp. No. 1, which is similar, has Rose’s type-species: "Pilocereus chrysomallus
creamy-white FI., and could be referred here as v. Lem.” (based on an error) could easily be rectified
albiflora. by adding "sensu Br. & R. non Lem.”. This was
Buxbaum’s procedure with Jasminocereus Br. &
M. pugioniferaRauh & Backbg. R.; his treatment of Mitrocereus is thus illogical for
Bo. intense dark to bluish-green; St. + cylindric, to logic would require him to rename Jasminocereus
20 cm lg., to 4 cm 0 ; Ri. mostly 11, thickened as Brachycereus, and then to erect
around the Ar.; Rsp. 7(— 20), c. 5 mm lg., pungent, “Pseudobrachycereus” for the latter: an example
mostly with 3 pairs on either side and 1 central in of the consequences of ill-considered new
the upper part of the Ar.; Csp.mostly 4, cruciform, combinations.—Distribution: Mexico (Puebla and
1 porrect, 3 directed downwards, thickened below, Oaxaca). [(R).]
stout, the most robust in the G., honey-coloured on
new growth, or reddish to blackish, later grey; FI.c. M. chrysomallus (sensu Br. & R.) Backbg.:
3 cm lg., pale yellow.—Peru (Santa valley). Mitrocereus fulviceps (Web.) Backbg.

M. sublanataRauh & Backbg. M. columna-trajani sensu Dawson: Mitrocereus

Bo. forming lax colonies; St. to 15 cm lg., only c. fulviceps (Web.) Backbg.
1.5-2 cm 0; Ri. c. 12; Ar. with yellowish-white
felt; Rsp. 30^40, densely interlacing, bristly; Csp. M. fulviceps (Web.) Backbg. (T.)
mostly 1, thin, elongated, to 2 cm lg., light Bo. to 18 m h., greyish-green; trunk to 1 m 01
brownish, + black in the apex, later hyaline-grey, branches from fairly close to the base, parallel,
lower St. ± concealed by interlacing Br.-Sp,—Peru ascending, to 30 cm 0 ; Ri. 11-14 (and more); Rsp.
(Rio Fortaleza valley). c. 12, thin, radiating; Csp. 3 (and more)„l longer,

317
 MITROCEREUS—MONVILLEA

to 13 cm lg., all stiff, straight, stout, those towards Bo.erect at first, to 5 m lg.; Ri.7; Sp.c. 15, c. 8 mm
the apex thinner, longer, + curving, yellowish; lg., weak; FI.c. 8 cm lg., c. 2.5 cm 0 , whitish; Fr.c.
apex more strongly felty; FI. c. 8 cm lg., creamy- 5 cm lg., slender-ovoid, 2 cm 0 , furrowed, clearly
white, covered with dense H. and Br.; Fr.with large scaly, with FI.-remains.—NE. Peru (Loreto, near
Sc., curly H. and Br.—Mexico (Puebla and Tarapato).
Oaxaca). (Fig. 237, 238.)
M. anisitsii (K. Sch.) Berg.: Monvillea spegazzinii
M. ruflceps(Web.) Backbg. (Web.) Br. & R. In Berger, the description given in
Bo. to 15 m h.; trunkto 40 cm 0 ; branchesarising error under this name in fact applies to Monvillea
from c. 2 m above the soil, straight, erect; Ri.c. 26; lindenzweigiana (Giirke) Backbg.
Rsp. 8-10. to c. 1 cm lg., stiff, straight, grey; Csp.
12, 1 longer, to 5 cm lg., stout, porrect or M. apoloensis Card. (3?)—C. & S.J. (US),
downcurving; all Sp.red at first; when flowering is XXXIII: 3, 74, 1961.
reached the Sp. near the apex are more strongly Bo.erect or prostrate, 2-3 m h., matt green; St.3^1
modified, sometimes up to 80 being produced, cm 0;R i.c. 8;Rsp. 10-13, 5-10 mm lg., spreading,
these hair-like, thin, reddish and to 8 cm lg.; FI.c. 5 thin, acicular, tipped blackish-grey; Csp. 1, 2-3 cm
cm lg., pinkish-white; Br. on the FI. ± hidden by lg., directed downwards, grey to blackish; FI.7-7.5
the Sc.; Fr.with felty flock and recognizable Br.— cm lg.; Sep. green, reddish below; Pet. greenish-
Mexico (Puebla, near Tehuacan). This spec., with yellow; Fr. ?—Bolivia (Prov. Caupolican, between
its apical FI. and inconspicuous tufted cephalium, Apolo and Santa Cruz del Valle Ameno).
was referred by Buxbaum to Neobuxbaumia as N.
macrocephala (Web.) F. Buxb. There are no M. ballivianiiCard. (3)
grounds for this in view of my Fig. in “Die Cact.”, Bo. to 50 cm h. (and more?), light green; St. 1.5-2
IV: 2240^43 and the drawings of the fruit by H. cm 0 ; Ri. 6; Rsp. 7-8, 4-7 mm lg., or to 1 cm lg.,
Bravo who, as early as 1954, regarded this latter acicular, thin; Csp. 1, 2-3 cm lg., porrect; Sp.light
name as synonymous with Mitrocereus ruficeps; grey, Csp. tipped blackish; FI.c. 10 cm lg., 4.5 cm
she also established that the characters of the fruit 0 ; Sep. light green, brownish in the middle; Pet.
were virtually identical in the two species, and greenish-white; Fr. 3 cm 0 , salmon-red.—Bolivia
differed to a considerable extent from Neobux­ (Prov. Ballivian, Dept. Beni, near Salitral de
baumia. Reyes).

M. brittoniana (Werd.) Borg: Monvillea maritima

Monvillea Br. &R. (171) Br. & R.
Slender columnar plants, ± prostrate to erect, low- M. caliianthaFuaux & Backbg. (3?)
growing to quite tall. The nocturnal, + funnelform Bo. forming a large shrub(?), erect (later pro­
flowers are of medium size, white, sometimes strate?), robust; St.4-5 cm 0 ; Ri. 8-9; Rsp. 6-9,
slightly greenish, scaly but otherwise glabrous, with stiffly acicular, 3^4 lower ones bristly; Csp. mostly
the dried floral remains sometimes persisting. The 3, upper ones to 4 cm lg., porrect or inclined
genus is divided into 3 subgenera, based on downwards, bottom one 1.5 cm lg., decurved, all
differences of flower, ovary and fruit : Csp. thickened below; Sp. light grey, darker-
SG.l : Monvillea: Tube slender; ovary spherical, tipped; FI. c. 7 cm lg., light yellow to cream-
fruit + spherical; coloured ;Fr. ?—Origin ?
SG.2:Ebneria Backbg.: Tube slender; ovary
cylindric ; fruit ellipsoid ; M. campinensis (Backbg. & Voll) Backbg. (SG. ?;
SG.3: Hummelia Backbg.: Tube stout, ± curv­ perhaps in a new SG.)
ing; ovary oblong; fruit slender-ovoid, Bo.a dense tall shrub, erect, to 5 m h., rarely arching
shortly pear-shaped or ovoid. over; branchesto 6 cm 0 ; Ri.7-9; Sp.7-11, c. 5-15
The figure in brackets after each specific name mm lg., grey, black-tipped, 2-3 of these bristly,
indicates the appropriate subgenus. (Fig. 239.)— others acicular; FI.to 10 cm lg., more bellshaped-
Distribution : E. Brazil, Venezuela (coast), Ecua­ funnelform, c. 6 cm 0 , greenish-white; Tu. ±
dor (S. coast), Peru (in the N. and NE.), Bolivia, N. grooved, Sc. broadly rounded, dark-tipped, long-
Argentina, Paraguay. [(R).] decurrent at the base; Fr. ?—Brazil (Sao Paulo,
between Campinas and Mogy Mirim). Plants can
I M. alticostata Ritt. (FR 1015): no description be seen in cultivation at the Jardin Exotique,
I available. Monaco.
M. amazónica(K. Sch.) Br. & R. (3) M. cavendishii(Monv.) Br. & R. (1) (T.)
318
 MONVILLEA

Bo. semi-erect to clambering, sometimes curving; brown; Csp. 0-1-3, 2-4 cm lg., blackish-brown
St. mostly to 2 cm 0 ; Ri. to c. 9; Rsp. 8-10, at first; Fr. to 3 cm lg.; S. 1-2 mm lg., semi­
radiating in all directions, bristly-thin, whitish; kidneyshaped, black, reticulate-pitted.—N. Peru
Csp. 1 (and more), sometimes much longer, light to (Huancabamba valley).
darker, all Sp. later whitish-grey; FI.c. 10 cm lg.,
white; Fr. 4^-5 cm 0 , without Sc.—S. Brazil, N. M. lauterbachii(K. Sch.) Borg (1)
Argentina, Paraguay (?). Bo. erect; St. to 2.5 cm 0 , tapering above, with
erect Sp.; Ri.c. 6; Rsp.to 9, few at first, fine, one or
M. diffusaBr. & R. (3) two directed upwards, several downwards; Csp. c.
Bo. erect at first, then arching over, forming 4, 1 longer, pointing obliquely downwards, dark
thickets; branches4-5 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 8; Ar. greyish- above midway, becoming grey; FI.c. 11 cm lg., 9
white, felty, sometimes more strongly white-felty; cm 0 , white.—Origin ?
Rsp. 6-10, 6-12 mm lg., spreading, differing in
length and thickness; Csp. sometimes scarcely M. lindenzweigiana(Giirke) Backbg. (2)
differentiated, l-3(-4), l(-2) usually much longer, Bo.as for M. spegazzinii (Web.) Br. & R.; branches
2-3 cm lg., directed upwards and downwards, more terete, with faint marbling; FI. to 19 cm lg.;
stoutly subulate, whitish-grey, black-tipped; FI.-7.5 stylered.—Paraguay.
cm lg.; Tub. strongly ribbed and curving; Fr.
shortly pear-shaped, without floral remains.—S. M. maritima Br. & R. (3)
Ecuador (Catamayo valley), N. Peru (Sana and Bo. + simple or little branching, + erect to arching
Olmos valleys). over, often clambering high; branches4-5 m h., 5-8
cm 0 , few; Ri. 4-6; Rsp. 6-8, irregularly placed,
M. euchlora(Web.) Backbg. (1) unequal; Csp. 1-2, stouter, much longer, to 6 cm
Bo. erect, branching from the base, dark green; lg.; all Sp.grey, black-tipped, subulate; FI.c. 6 cm
branches to 2.5 cm 0 , apex pointed, with a lg.;Ov. faintly angular; Fr. oblong, not clearly
projecting tuft of Sp., new growth with wavy scaly, without floral remains.—S. Ecuador (near
longitudinal furrows; Ri.to 8; Ar.little felty; Rsp. Santa Rosa) and N. Peru (Sechura Desert),
10-14, to 1 cm lg., radiating, bristly, white, v. spinosior Backbg.: Differs in the more
brownish-tipped; Csp. l(-2), porrect or spreading numerous Sp.,12-13, the centrals shorter than in
upwards and downwards, brownish below; FI. c. the type.—S. Ecuador (near Guayaquil).
10 cm lg., white; Tu. with indistinct lengthwise
furrows; Fr.c, 4 cm 0 ; S.black, smooth.—Brazil M. marmorata (Zeiss.) Fric & Krzgr.: Monvillea
(Sao Paulo), Paraguay. spegazzinii(Web.) Br, & R.
M. haageanaBackbg. (2) |M. parapetiensis Ritt. (FR 1114): no description
Bo. to over 3 m h., strongly branching, inclined and I available.
ascending, bluish-green, not marbled; branches2-3
cm 0, tapering at the tip; Ri.c. 5; Ar.small, white- M. paxtoniana(Monv.) Borg (1)
felty; Sp. 5-8, to 2 mm lg., the lowest (or more Bo. erect; St. to 1 m h., to 3.5 cm 0 , little
central) one to 4 mm lg., thickened below; Sp.thin, branching, dark glossy green; Ri. c. 9; Rsp. 7-9,
blackish-brown; FI. to 12 cm lg., white to greenish- 5-10 mm lg., radiating regularly, bristly, thin, pale
white; Ov. weakly scaly.—Paraguay. (Fig. 240.) yellow, becoming milky-white; Csp. 1-4 (and
more), to c. 1.5 cm lg., yellowish-brown at first,
M. insularis Br. & R.:CereusinsularisHemsl. changing to pale yellow to white; FI.white, to c. 12
cm lg.—Brazil?
M. jaenensisRauh & Backbg. (3)
Bo. to 6 m h., little branching, deep green; branches M. phatnosperma (K. Sch.) Br. & R. (2)
erect, 5-10 cm 0 ; Ri. 11-14; Rsp.c. 20, to 1 cm lg., Bo.creeping, light green; St.to 2 m lg., to 2.5 cm 0 ,
thin, sometimes + bristly, light yellowish- tapering above; Ri. 4-5; Rsp. 5-6, to 1.5 cm lg.,
brownish, darker-tipped, apical Sp. sometimes radiating; Csp. 0-1, to 2.5 cm lg., straight or +
pinkish-brown, all later whitish-grey; Csp. 1—3(— 4), bent; Sp.subulate, brown, later horn-coloured; FI.
1longer, to 5 cm lg., stouter, + subulate, thickened 12 cm lg., white; Ov. with traces of felt! (always?);
below, brownish-tipped; FI.c. 6 cm lg., white; Fr.c. Fr. 7 cm lg., 2 cm 0 , + naked, or without Sc.; S.
4 cm lg., c. 1.5 cm 0 , weakly frosted.—N. Peru 1.5 mm lg., glossy, black.—Paraguay (near Po-
(Jaen). rongo).
v. paucispina Rauh & Backbg.: Bo. to only 3 m
h., forming larger bushes; branchesonly to 5 cm M. rhodoleucantha(K. Sch.) Berg. (2)
0 ;Ri.9 ;Rsp.to 12, bristly or stouter, blackish- Bo. erect, later arching over or creeping, or
319
MONVILLEA- X MYRTGEROCACTUS

inclined, dark green; St. to 2 m lg., 2-4 cm 0 , thickening of the apex often twice as thick as the
tapering above; Ri.7-9; Rsp. 6—7(—12), to 7 mm or base ; Ri. c. 11 ; Ar. circular, grey-felty, those
later 1 cm lg., subulate, yellowish-brown at first, towards the apex with lax H.; Sp. scarcely
then white, black-tipped; Csp. 1-3, scarcely longer, differentiated at first, to c. 20, to c. 3 cm lg.,
sometimes to 2 cm lg. and then thicker; FI. 11-13 pungent; Csp. later 4, cruciform, to 4 cm lg., 1
cm lg.; Sep.pinkish-red; Pet.white; Fr.to 7 cm lg., pointing upwards and 1 downwards, stouter; Sp.
red; S.c. 2 mm lg., glossy, black. —N. Paraguay. yellowish to dark or reddish-brown, later grey;
Ceph. to c. 5 cm lg. ; FI.c. 10 cm lg., c. 3 cm 0 . —
M. saxicola(Mor.) Berg. (2) Central Peru (near Mariscal Caceres, in the
Bo. inclined, glossy, bluish-green, not frosted; St. direction of Ayacucho). (Fig. 241.)
1.5-3 cm 0 ; Ri. 6-9; Rsp. 7( 11), 2-6 mm lg., v. calva Rauh & Backbg. : distinguished by the
acicular, white, black-tipped; Csp. 1, later also 2-3, absence of H.; apical tuft made up of fairly firm
to 1.5 cm lg., acicular; FI.12 cm lg., greenish-white; Br.— Central Peru (La Mejorada, in the Man­
Fr.c. 5 cm lg., 3 cm 0 .-—Paraguay (near Trinidad). taro valley, dry region near Huanta) ;
v. fuscatispinaBackbg. n.v. :
M. smithiana(Br. & R.) Backbg. (3) St. becoming longer; Sp. lighter brown; Ceph.
Bo. shrubby, erect to clambering, leaf-green; appearing more rarely and much later than in the
branches 4(-8) cm 0 , tapering; Ri. 8(—9—11); Sp. type. 1 studied this variety for years in the
scarcely differentiated, to 13, longest centrals 3^4 Marnier-Lapostolle collection, and initially
cm lg., dark, later whitish-grey, dark-tipped; FI. regarded it as a hybrid; however, the many­
6-8 (and more) cm lg., Per. ± bellshaped and stemmed groups at “Les Cèdres” proved to be a
widened, only c. 4 cm 0 , white; Fr. ovoid, red.— valid variety.
Venezuela (near La Guayra and Puerto Cabello).
M. sericata Ritt. (FR 1309), “more attractive than
M. spegazzinii(Web.) Br. & R. (2) M. doelziana” : not yet described.
Bo. shrubby, creeping or ascending, then also
arching over, bluish-green, marbled; branches c.
1.5 cm 0 , later to 2 cm 0 ; Sp. on young shoots
mostly 3, 2 directed upwards and 1 downwards, x Myrtgerocactus R. Moran gen. hybr.—
stiff, thickened below, blackish; Rsp. later to 5, C. & S.J. (US), XXXIV: 6, 184-188.
Csp. 1, to 1.5 cm lg.; Fi. 1-13 cm lg., whitish; Pet. 1962.
reddish; stylewhite; Fr.frosted.—Paraguay.
A new hybrid genus, found by Lindsay in Baja
M. vargasiana and M. pucuraensis, both hort. California in 1950, and considered to be a cross
Johnson, are not sufficiently or validly described; between Myrtillocactus cochal and Bergerocactus
M. pucarensis Ritt. similarly. emoryi, since the only known specimen comes from
a region where both these Cerei occur. This hybrid
is listed here on account of its interesting habit and
singular flower, which is more reminiscent of
Morawetzia Backbg. (78) Bergerocactus; but no generic reference-number is
attached to it; it has also been included in order to
Low-growing Cerei forming broad bushes, their draw attention to the question of whether the
stems laxly hairy or rarely hairless, the tips ± erection of hybrid genera can be justified, and how
clavately thickened when flowering-age is reached. they should be treated. They are called for in the
Morawetzia is distinguished from its close relative case of the “Epiphyllum” hybrids. In the case of the
Oreocereus by a woolly and bristly apical ceph- rest of the Cactaceae, they have a special position in
alium; from this arise the strongly zygomorphic relation to other hybrid genera, since too little is
bluish-carmine flowers with terete and laxly hairy known about them. Apart from the hybrid species
tubes. The yellowish-green, hollow fruits dehisce listed below, there are other interesting plants,
basally; seeds are black. Kimnach’s inclusion in sometimes of horticultural value, such as the
Borzicactus Br. & R. cannot be admitted because of superb cross raised by Hummel which I have called
the cephalium-development and the hollow fruit.— Trichoechinopsis, which grows quickly and pro­
Distribution: Central Highlands of Peru (region of duces enormous flowers. R. Gräser is said to have
Rio Mantaro and Rio Huanta). [(R).] raised a quite sensational cross between Aporo-
cactus and Trichocereus, of which virtually
M. doelzianaBackbg. (T. ) nothing is known. Apart from other crosses by the
Bo. branching from the base to form large groups, same grower, there must be others which are not
dark green; St.toe, 1 mh.,toc. 8 cm 0 , the clavate generally known. Ritter, for instance, claims to
320
 X MYRTGEROCACTUS—MYRTILLOCACTUS

have found crosses between Haageocereus and Fr.1.6 cm 0 , red.—Mexico (Baja California). (Fig.
Pseudoespostoa, resembling species of Neo- 242.)
binghamia, but not identical with any described
species of this genus. It would be worth while M. eichlamii Br. & R.
recording all known crosses, subjecting them to Bo.shrubby, erect, branching; branchesdeep green
closer investigation and then providing some or faintly frosted; Ri. c. 6, rounded; Rsp. 5,
standardized form of publication for them, because thickened below; Csp. 1, rather longer; buds dark-
quite obviously they are not appropriate in a purple ; FI.creamy-white; Pet.spreading; Fr.wine-
Handbook of naturally occurring species. red.—Guatemala.
x M. lindsayiR. Moran M. geometrizans(Mart.) Cons. (T.)
Bo.to 2.5 m h., little branching; St.to 5 cm 0 ; Ri. Bo. tree-like, to 4 m h., with a distinct trunk;
11-13; Ar. 3-8 cm apart; Sp.at first 24-32, later to branches + curving upwards, 6-10 cm 0 , strongly
60, yellowish-brown, terete or slightly angular, to 3 bluish at first, frosted; Ri. c. 5-6, ± acute; Rsp.
cm lg., thickened below; FI.solitary, to 3.3 cm lg., 5(—8— 9), c. 2 mm lg., (rarely to 3 cm lg.), reddish at
3.1 cm 0 , yellow; Pet.numerous, c. 30; Tu. short; first; Csp. 1, to 7 cm lg., + curving, + angular, to
Ov. with crowded, felty and shortly spined Ar.; Fr. + dagger-like, blackish; FI. 2.5-3.5 cm 0 , not
sterile, 1 cm 0 , spiny.—Mexico (Baja California, revolute, greenish-white; Fr. bluish-purple.—
S. of El Rosario; now in the collection of Gates Mexico (San Luis Potosí to Oaxaca),
Cactus Inc., Norco, Cal.). v. grandiareolatus(H. Bravo) Backbg.: branches
In my opinion it is not firmly established whether longer, more straightly erect, Tub. conspicuous,
this is a cross or a solitary survivor. Crosses do not even at the base of the plant; Ar.large, very felty;
always have sterile fruits; and self-sterile species Csp.not noticeably longer.—Mexico (S. Puebla,
which have not been pollinated may produce fruits Oaxaca).
without any seeds—a fact which can quite com­
monly be observed in the Neochilenia species. Thus M. grandiareolatus H. Bravo: Myrtillocactus
a solitary self-sterile specimen could probably, in geometrizans v. grandiareolatus (H. Bravo)
certain circumstances, set sterile fruits; but it Backbg.
cannot be assumed from that fact that it is a hybrid.
M pugionifer (Lem.) Berg.: a form of Myrtillo­
cactus geometrizans (Mart.) Cons, with more
Myrtillocactus Cons. (168) dagger-like Sp.

Large shrubs with upwardly bent branches, later M. schenckii(J.A. Purp.) Br. & R.
developing a stout trunk; shoots in part fiercely Bo.eventually tree-like, to 5 m h., freely branching;
spined, in some cases blue-frosted, with ribs which trunk very short; branches ascending, very crowd­
can be acute or rounded. Up to 9 flowers can ed, c. 10 cm 0 , intense green, rarely quite faintly
sometimes develop simultaneously from a single frosted; Ri. 7-8, acute; Rsp. 5-7, to 1.2 cm lg.,
areole; these open by day and probably also by straight to + curving; Csp. to 5 cm lg., brown; FI.
night; they are small and shortly funnelform, white to cream; Fr. glabrous, at least at first (acc.
greenish or creamy or reddish-white, with a Purpus: “later with small Sp.” [always?]),
spherical ovary having rudimentary scales. The carmine.—Mexico (border between Puebla and
small spherical, glabrous fruits are edible; they are Oaxaca).
sometimes offered for sale in the markets by the Supplementary to the data of the original diag­
natives. Seeds are small and black.—Distribution: nosis, in “Die Cact.”, 2274, 1960 I considered
Mexico (Baja California and the Central High­ certain differential characters and provided an
lands) to Guatemala. [(R); in Japan sometimes illustration of a plant in Monaco which tallied with
used as grafting stock for young plants.] the description of Purpus: “Ri. fairly acute, Csp.
larger, to 5 cm lg.” ; in habit it appeared to be a
M. cochal(Ore.) Br. & R. Myrtillocactus, but no other description of it
Bo. to 5 m h., strongly branching; trunk to 30 cm existed. The habitat-photo of R. Moran, repro­
0 ; branches not strongly frosted but the tips duced in Kimnach’s article (C. & S. J. [US]
distinctly zoned, to 9 cm 0 ; Ri.6-9, rounded; Rsp. XXXVI: 6, 181. 1964), shows another plant which
mostly c. 5, short; Csp.short, rarely to 4 cm lg.; Sp. is clearly the correct one, with Ri. not really acute,
can number to 9 in all, sometimes reddish at first, or Ar. conspicuously close together and the branches
grey to black (sometimes missing); FI. 2.5 cm lg. relatively thick. Earlier illustrations failed to
end 3 cm 0 , (reddish-) white; An. projecting provide any details of the shoots; I therefore
crush-like beyond the spreading or revolute Per.; considered the Monaco plant to be a juvenile
321
MYRTILLOCACTUS-NEOBESSEYA

specimen, but its identity is not satisfactorily (Arizona, from Holbrook to the Grand Canyon).
established. (Fig. 243 left, 244.)
Since these two spec, have different spination and
FI.-colour, L. Benson’s reduction of the first to the
Navajoa Croiz. (207) status of variety of the latter is an unwarrantable
name-change (see also Pediocactus).
Small and mostly solitary plants, with approxi­
mately two-thirds of the body buried in the soil,
with cylindric-conical tubercles. They are differen­ Neoabbottia Br. & R. (133)
tiated from other genera by the uniquely bent,
corky, flexible and sometimes transversely fissured Plants which are shrub-like as juveniles but then
spines, some of these at first with microscopically develop a long stout trunk, and branch to form a
fine hairlets. The white or yellow flowers are ± large crown. Characteristic of the genus are the
bellshaped to broadly funnelform; the fruit is top­ nocturnal flowers which give off an unpleasant
shaped and semi-dry, with scattered scales which odour; these are cylindric, with a very narrow limb,
are papery and curly above. The seeds are arising from a zone of dense apical felt, or
moderately large, cap-shaped, black and finely sometimes subapically. The buds at first have
tuberculate.—Distribution: USA (Arizona, near longer bristly spines and dense felt; the floral tubes,
Holbrook, and on the N. side of the Grand Canyon only in some cases, have short bristly spinelets in
in Colorado). [(G).] the scale-axils. The fruits are green, oblong and
broadly channelled, their areoles only felty.—
N. fickeiseniiBackbg. Distribution: Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Re­
Bo.mostly to c. 4 cm lg., to c. 5 cm 0 (to over 8 cm public). Needs warmth, ■*. ]
0 has been reported), bluish-green; Tub.conical to
+ longitudinally or transversely elongated; Ar. N. paniculata(Lam.) Br. & R. (T.)
oblong at first, later more circular, the Sp.-bases atBo. to 10 m h.; trunkto 30 cm 0 ; branchesto 6 cm
first hidden by yellowish-white fibrous felt; Rsp. c. 0 ; Ri.4-6, with sinuate notches; Sp. 12-20, to c. 2
5-7, to 3.5 mm lg., finer, corky, later sometimes cm lg., acicular, brownish to grey; FI.to 5 cm lg..
also 1-2 uppers, stouter, longer, to 2 cm lg.; Csp. 1,greenish-white; Pet.to only c. 1 cm lg.; Tu.c. 2 cm
to 3.5 cm lg., much stouter, corky, transversely O, channelled, the upper Ser. of ± elongated Sc.
fissured, ± erect then curving strongly inwards, passing over into the Per., Sc. more numerous
bent inwards high above the crown, whitish to below, felty, sometimes with short Br.-Sp.; Fr.to 7
horn-coloured; FI. c. 3 cm 0 , yellow; Sep. cm lg., to 5.5 cm 0 , green, thick-walled; S.
greenish-yellow; Tu. missing; Fr. to c. 8 mm 0 , black.—Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic).
reddish-green.—USA (Arizona, N. side of the (Fig. 245.)
Grand Canyon). (Fig. 243, right.) v. humbertii Backbg.: differentiated by the
somewhat stouter Fl.-Tu. with fewer Sc.; Pet.
N. maia n.nud. is a plant recently offered from the creamy-pink.—Dominican Republic.
USA.: Sp. c. 6-7, radials only, + as thin as in the
preceding, appressed, ± interlacing, light horn-
colour, soon grey, interlacing above the crown, the Neobesseya Br. & R. (216)
upper one longest, ± centrally placed. Appears to
be only a form or variety of the preceding in which Plants + spherical, simple or offsetting to form
the Csp. is absent. larger groups; tubercles furrowed, later shrivelling.
The subapical flowers are yellow or pink. Distin­
N.peeblesianaCroiz. (T.) guished from Coryphantha, which it resembles, by
Bo. mostly simple, flattened-spherical to spherical, the fruits which are not watery but + fleshy, red,
sometimes short-cylindric, 2.5-7 cm lg., to 2.5 cm slow to ripen, with hard black seeds; differentiated
O, bluish-green; Tub. conical to ± cylindric, later from Neolloydia which has dull-coloured fruits
also broader; Ar. at first with cushions of denser with walls drying to become + papery. Plants will
fibrous felt concealing the bases of the Sp.; Rsp. c. in part withstand quite severe frosts.—
3-5, 1 longest directed downwards, all bent Distribution: from British Columbia through the
strongly towards the Bo.; Csp. 1, 5-14 mm lg., bent USA to N. Mexico (Coahuila). [(R).]
upwards (not erect) over the crown; Sp. alike,
horn-coloured, later grey, pink below at first, weak N. asperispina(Bod.) Bod.
and flexible, corky, with slight transverse furrows Bo. simple, spherical, to 6 cm 0 , matt dark bluish-
and fissures; FI.to only 1.7 cm lg., whitish with a green; Tub. acute-conical, lax, lower ones curving
faintly pink M.-stripe; Fr. 8-10 mm lg.—USA + upwards; Ar. + white-woolly, soon glabrous;
322
 NEOBESSEYA—NEOBINGHAMIA

Rsp. 9-10, to 1 cm lg., thin-subulate, radiating all white-woolly at first; Rsp. 7-14, later 15-20, 1.5-2
round, later curving to the Bo., woolly-rough, grey- cm lg., projecting ray-like, white to brownish (or
whitish; Csp. 0-(-l), shorter, rather stouter; FI.c. yellowish-white, tipped reddish, acc. Berger), later
2.8 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , pale greenish-yellow; Fr. grey with a thickened yellow base; Csp. 0-3,
spherical.—Mexico (Coahuila). scarcely longer, rather stouter; FI. 4-5 cm lg.,
glossy, dark to lighter yellow; Pet. apiculate; Fr.
X. cubensis (Br. & R.) Hest.: Neolloydia cubensis spherical, c. 8 mm 0 . —USA (Central Texas).
Br. & R.)Backbg.
N. zilziana (Bod.) Bod.: Escobaria zilziana (Bod.)
N. missouriensis(Sweet) Br. & R. (T.) Backbg.
Bo. simple to forming smaller cushions; single
heads to 6 cm h., to 8 cm 0 ; Tub. 1-1.5 cm lg., + Neobinghamia Backbg. emend. Backbg.
spiralled; Ar. woolly; Rsp. (9-)14(-20); Csp.
0-1; Sp. pubescent, acicular, often curving, grey,
brown-tipped; FI.c. 2 cm lg., c. 2.5 cm 0 , greenish- Robuster Cerei from Peru, branching from the base
yellow; Fr.spherical, light red.—USA (N. Dakota, and sometimes to more than 2 m tall, with step-like,
Montana to Texas [?]). broadly annular or long-decurrent cephalioid
development in the flowering zones which may be
N. muehlbaueriana (Bod.) Bod.: Escobariamuehl- fur-like or tufted. Flowers funnelform, opening
baueriana(Bod.) Knuth. towards evening and remaining open all night,
borne ± apically or from lower woolly-hairy
N. notesteinii(Britt.) Br. & R. development, sometimes conspicuously in stages,
Bo. simple or offsetting, single heads ovoid, only c. one above the other; the tubes are stout, scaly and
3 cm 0 ; Tub. + hemispherical; Rsp. 12-18, 8-12 hairy. The + spherical hairy fruits contain small,
mm lg.; Csp. 1, often red-tipped; Sp. weak, thin, ± glossy black seeds. Flair-development at the base
puberulent, white, greying; FI. 1.5-2.5 cm 0 , of the filaments has been noted only in the type-
greyish-pink; Fr. obovoid.—USA (Montana, near species so that—as in other Peruvian cerei—this is
Deer Lodge). not a diagnostic character.—Distribution: Central
Peru (Eulalia, Churin, Lurin valleys) and further
X. odorata (Bod.) Werd.: Neolloydia odorata N. (Rio Fortaleza to the Olmos valley). [(R).]
iBod.) Backbg. Ritter held the erroneous view that the genus was of
hybrid origin. Nevertheless, plants raised from
N. rosifloraLahm. “hybrid-seed” of Winter’s Catalogue: Nos.
Bo. only moderately offsetting, single heads 147-149, proved not to be referable here.
spherical to shortly cylindric, to 5-7 cm h., to 5.5
cm 0 , light green; Tub. + rounded, lax; Ar. N. climaxantha(Werd.) Backbg. (T.)
elliptic, white-woolly; Rsp. 13-15, upper two hair­ Bo. to over 1m h.; St.6-8 cm 0 , dull light green;
like; Csp. 1, appressed upwards; Sp. fine, white, Ri. 19-27; Ceph., below a woolly apical tuft,
brown-tipped; FI.c. 4 cm 0 , pale pink; Pet. very arranged in stepped lax annular zones, white; Rsp.
narrow, “ + filiform” ; Fr. ovoid to spherical, c. 50-70, c. 5-8 mm lg., + interlacing sideways,
carmine.—USA (Oklahoma, W. of Tulsa). (Fig. acicular, honey-coloured, later dirty greyish-
246.) brown; Csp. c. 1-3, 2 uppers pointing obliquely
upwards, lower one downwards, to 2 cm lg.,
N. similis(Eng.) Br.& R. subulate, pungent, transparent, honey-yellow,
Bo. forming groups to 15 cm h., 20-30 cm 0 , deep often banded, later also greyish-brown; FI. deep
green; single heads spherical, 6-10 cm 0 ; Tub. pink; Fr.to 3cm 0 , brownish-red.—Peru (Eulalia
cylindric, to 2 cm lg.; furrow white-woolly in new valley). (Fig. 247.)
growth; Rsp. 12-15, c. 1 cm lg., spreading, v. armata (Ak. ?) Rauh & Backbg.: Bo. to 1.5 m
subulate, often finely hairy, dirty white, brown- h.; Ri. c. 20; Csp. much longer, to 5 cm (and
tipped; Csp. 0-1, stouter, longer; FI. 5-6 cm lg„ more) lg., thinner, sometimes decurved; apical
light yellow; Fr. + spherical, to 2 cm 0 , red.— Ceph. yellowish-white, laxer in the FI.-zone; FI.
USA (E. Texas). white) ?)—Peru (Churin valley);
v. lurinensisRauh & Backbg.: Csp.to c. 4 cm lg.,
N. wissmannii(Hildm.) Br. & R. later pointing downwards; apex shortly hairy;
Bo. simple, or forming groups to 30 cm 0 , bluish- FI.-zone starting just below the apex, + one­
green, single heads to 10 cm h., hemispherical; Tub. sided ; FI.carmine.—Peru (Lurin valley);
cylindric-conical, lax, directed quite strongly v. subfusciflora Rauh & Backbg.: FI.
upwards, to 2.5 cm lg.; Ax. white-woolly; Ar. brownish.—Peru (Eulalia valley).
323
NEOBINGHAMIA—NEOBUXBAUMIA

N. mirabilisRauh & Backbg. throw some light, but in the case of Neobuxbaumia
Bo. to c. 2 m h.; St. 8-10 cm 0 ; Ri. 22; Ceph. it was perhaps insufficient, because here there are
resembling a series of collars encircling the St, at unmistakable divergences of floral characters
intervals, to 10 cm deep, consisting of dense long which may make it necessary not merely to exclude
tufts; Rsp.c. 50, to 2 cm lg., thin; Csp. 1-2, longer, N. mezcalaensis, but even to limit the genus to the
subulate; Sp. dark to brownish-red, then grey, type-species, N. tetetzo, while raising the Subgenus
longer ones darker-tipped; FI. to 6 cm lg., narrow- Crassocereus to generic rank. Many factors favour
funnelform; Sep. purple; Pet. carmine.—Peru such a treatment. In any event N. scoparia is still
(near Olmos). insufficiently clarified regarding its flowers and
fruits, while its freely branching and tree-like habit
N. multiareolataRauh & Backbg. does not occur in any other species of Neobux­
Bo. to 1.2 m h.; St.to c. 10 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 22; Ceph. baumia. For the time being, however, the present
shortly tufted, one-sided, broad, lax, extending classification must stand. On that basis, 4 species
over 8-10 Ri., long-decurrent; Rsp. to c. 80, to 5 with 3 varieties have been described.—
mm lg., very thin, yellowish; Csp. 1( 2), c. 2 cm lg., Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Tehuantepec,
on new growth often to 6 cm lg., directed laterally Oaxaca, Puebla, Vera Cruz). The appropriate
or downwards, amber-yellow; FI. white(?).—Peru subgenus is indicated in brackets after the specific
(Rio Fortaleza valley). name. [(R).]
v. superbaRauh & Backbg.: taller, stouter, to 2.5
m h„ to 15 cm 0 , main Sp. erect at the apex, N. euphorbioides (Haw.) F. Buxb.: Rooksbya
sometimes + curving, to 4 cm lg. (and more). euphorbiodes(Haw.) Backbg.

N. villigeraRauh & Backbg. N . macrocephala sensu Daws.: Mitrocereusruficeps

Bo.to 1.3mh.; St.to 10 cm 0 ; Ri.20; Ceph.like a (Web.) Backbg.
continuous furry mat (hence the name), sometimes
± in stages, covering 9-14 Ri., crown densely N. mezcalaensis(H. Bravo) Backbg. (1)
woolly-felty; Rsp.c. 80, thin; Csp. 1-2, longer, 1 to Bo. probably always simple, to 7 m h., to 30 cm 0 ,
c. 4 cm lg. (and more), ± downcurving, yellowish; yellowish to pale greyish-green; Ri.c. 15, narrow, c.
FI. 6.5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , pale greenish-white.— 2 cm h.; Ar.yellow-felty, 2 cm apart; Rsp. 6-7, to 1
Central Peru (Churin valley). (Fig. 248.) cm lg., straight, spreading, white to faintly
yellowish, brown-tipped, soon grey; Csp. 1, c. 1.3
cm lg.; FI.c. 5.5 cm lg., c. 3.5 cm 0 , greenish-white:
Neobuxbaumia Backbg. (155) Ov. without Sp. or Br., but acc. Dawson these are
sometimes present; Fr. c. 5 cm 0 , spherical,
Large columnar cacti, simple to scarcely or freely carmine, finally with Br.-Sp.—Mexico (Guerrero,
branching, mostly with many ribs. The flowers, near Mezcala; Puebla, near Zapotitlan; Oaxaca,
borne apically or sometimes quite low on the stems, Rio Atoyac and southwards),
are whitish or reddish, and the ovary can be v. multiareolata(Daws.) Daws.: distinguished by
constricted or not. The felt and small bristles or its lower habit and longer, thinner, more erect
thin spines of the ovary and the very scaly fruit may Sp.; Ri. lower; Ar. only 1 cm apart.—Mexico
be ± reduced. Seeds glossy black. The genus is (Guerrero, Acahuitzotle);
subdivided into 2 subgenera according to flower- v. robusta(Daws.) Backbg.: taller, to 12 m h., to
shape : 40 cm 0 ; Ri. later broader, more rounded; Sp.
SG.l: Neobuxbaumia: Flowers cylindric- longer, stouter; Ar. larger, less crowded.—
funnelform; ovary not constricted; fruit Mexico (Puebla, Rio Atoyac).
in part shortly and finely spiny and felty; In the light of the number of characters shared with
spines may be ± reduced; Rooksbya euphorbioides—simple habit, fun-
SG.2: Crassocereus Backbg.: Flowers cylindric- nelform flowers, resemblance between juveniles of
bellshaped; ovary constricted; fruit finely the 2 spec., relatively light armature and narrow
bristly-spiny to spineless. ribs—it is possible that closer study will show the
For Neobuxbaumia mezcalaensis (H. Bravo) preceding species must be transferred to Rooksbya
Backbg., see also under Rooksbya. Efforts to unite
species—quite often as a result of insufficient
knowledge of the characters—has often hindered N. polylopha(DC.) Backbg. (2)
the ascertaining and exact description of floral Bo. simple, to 13 m h., 30 cm 0 (and more),
differences. The large Mexican Cerei clearly rounded above, light green, becoming grey; Ri.to
demonstrate the drawbacks inherent in the “lump­ c. 50, weakly rounded; Ar. at first with thick white
ing” process. In most cases I have been able to wool, 6-8 mm apart; Rsp. mostly 7-8, to 2 cm lg.,

324
 NEOBUXBAUMIA—NEOCHILEN1A

spreading, more erect at the apex; Csp. 1;Sp.light not a close one: Neocardenasia forms a trunk,
honey-coloured, tipped brownish, then white and Neoraimondia branches from the base; Neo­
soon falling, in the flowering-zone sometimes to 7 cardenasia does not produce short flowering
cm lg.; FI.lighter to darker red, often borne low on shoots, but instead the areoles are thickened;
older parts of the St.; Tu. with downwardly further the cylindric floral tube is long and densely
directed, fleshy Sc.; Ov. glabrous; Fr. spiny.— stiff-bristly, and this is not so in Neoraimondia.
Mexico (Hidalgo, Valle de Zimapan, Meztitlan, The appearance of 2 flowers simultaneously from
Tlacolula). (Fig. 249.) an areole cannot be regarded as a diagnostic
character, since this phenomenon is known to
N. scoparia(Pos.) Backbg. (1) occur in other genera.—Distribution: Bolivia
Bo. freely branching, to 7.5 m h., dark leaf-green, (Cochabamba and Chuquisaca). [(R).]
later dark greyish-green; newer St.with Ri. 12-15,
rounded; Ar.to 2.4 cm apart, glabrous; Rsp.5, to 8 N. herzogianaBackbg. (T.)
mm lg., down-curving; Csp. 1, stouter, curving Bo. to 10 m h., trunk stout, branching from the
upwards, to 2.5 cm lg., blackish, later whitish; upper third; Ri. 6-7; Ar. 3-4 cm apart, strongly
floweringshootsmore slender, Ri.20-25, lower; Ar. brown-felty at first; Sp. 11-14, the outer ones in
c. 1 cm apart, with white woolly felt; Rsp. 5-7, 2-3 new growth light, the inner ones deeper brown,
cm lg.; Csp. 1, 2-3 cm lg.; Sp.honey-yellow at first, centrals scarcely distinguishable, darker brown,
pungent, thin-subulate, all those in the flowering Rsp. 2 cm lg., and the occasional Csp. to 18 cm
zone bristly, brown; FI. reddish, small; Ov. with lg.; FI. 6-7 cm lg., pink, densely long-bristly; Fil.
broad flat Sc.; Fr. red, glabrous!—Mexico (Vera short, only on the upper part of the throat; style
Cruz: Oaxaca, near Juchitan). somewhat projecting; Fr.to 6 cm lg.—Bolivia (see
above). (Fig. 251.)
N. tetetzo(Web.) Backbg. (1) (T.)
Bo. simple to little branching up to several metres
above the base, 8-15 m h., to 30 cm 0 , grey; Neochilenia Backbg. (121)*
branches parallel, ascending; Ri. numerous, roun-
ied: Ar. shortly grey-felty, later glabrous; Rsp. Plants with bodies + spherical to elongated,
8-13, 10-15 mm lg., radiating; Csp. 3, 1 of these sometimes dwarf, in the latter often from a stout
longer, to 5 cm lg., porrect; Sp. straight, stiff, taproot. The ribs can be straight, or sometimes
blackish; FI.subapical, c. 6cmlg., whitish; Tu.and tuberculate; the tubes of the open-funnelform,
Ov. glabrous; Fr. fig-like, 2-3 cm lg., green, with whitish, yellowish or ± red flowers are ± woolly or
pads of felt and several Br.—Mexico (Puebla, near hairy. The berry-like hollow fruit is + hairy with
Zapotitlan, to Oaxaca, Rio Totolapan and woolly flock; the seeds are dropped from a basal
beyond). (Fig. 250.) opening.
v. nuda (Daws.) Daws.: Bo. freely branching; The species were earlier referred to Neoporteria,
Rsp. only, 1-3, decurved, set along the lower Ar.- but in the latter the flowers are always light reddish,
border, the middle one longest; FI. and Fr. with the inner petals curving towards one another
unknown^-Mexico (Oaxaca, W. of Tehuan­ until the flower fades. This unique character, added
tepec). to a stem-like tube and extreme reduction of the
indumentum, contrasts with the open funnel form
of Neochilenia, which also has recognisable hair-
Neocardenasia Backbg. (56) development; although the latter is relatively slight
in the most extreme cases, it is never reduced to felt,
Plants very large-columnar, later forming a trunk; but is usually quite distinct, even at the bud-stage,
flowering areoles larger, prominent, sometimes and is sometimes very marked. This character also
rroducing 2 flowers simultaneously. Flowers segregates the genus from Horridocactus with +
diurnal, pink, cylindric, + constricted above the broadly funnelform flowers, in which the floral
: vary, this and the tube densely set with long, + indumentum shows the same extreme reduction as
s.outer bristles; the fruit is ovoid, bristly, with pink Neoporteria.
flesh. The seeds are dark brown. The genus is at In Neochilenia there is every transitional stage
present monotypic, although attempts have been between the larger and the dwarf species, so that
made to unite it with Neoraimondia. A cogent Ritter’s segregation of his genus Chileorebutia (see
argument against this is the observable fact that * This generic name is invalid under the Code of Botanical
members of the Cactaceae which are separated by Nomenclature. Most taxonomists nowadays reject the
high mountains, so that the distributions are quite segregation of this genus from Neoporteria; but if
mstinct, never exhibit the same characters. In any recognized as a separate genus, the name Neochilenia
: >ent. the resemblance between these two genera is should be replaced b y : Nichelia Bullock. Translator.
325
NEOCHILENIA

this also, itself a synonym of Thelocephala Y. one hand, are compared with those of the East
Ito) cannot be maintained since the same degrees of Andean genus Pyrrhocactus on the other, consider­
indumentum occur in the ribbed as in the tuber- able differences emerge as to flower shape and
culate species; and where species of “Chileoreb- indumentum within the enlarged genus
utia” have been grafted, the tubercles quite often Pyrrhocactus sensu Ritter, even although there are
eventually become confluent to form more distinct also certain similarities. However, it must be borne
ribs. in mind that the Andes of South Chile are a very-
Ritter was therefore later obliged to refer some of ancient elevation, so that from time immemorial
his “Chileorebutia” species to Pyrrhocactus; there they have played an effective role as a limiting
are no arguments to support Ritter’s maintenance factor; and Rowley points out, in his contribution
of Chileorebutia and his rejection of Neochilenia. to “Die Cact.” VI, Section I, that with “re­
The situation was further complicated by his synthesized species” it is not always possible to tell
inclusion of some Chilean species in Pyrrhocactus, whether they represent natural species or hybrids,
because some of the species of "Pyrrhocactus sensu even when in flower. It is therefore quite conceiv­
Ritt.” from Chile resemble quite typical Neochi- able that the West Andean group of species, and its
lenias in flower form and indumentum, but most of East Andean counterpart—presumably both of
them bear no resemblance to the E. Andean very great age—must have gone their separate
Pyrrhocactus. evolutionary ways simply as a result of the Andean
Details of floral indumentum, in Ritter’s species elevation; consequently the reasonable course is to
described as Pyrrhocactus in “Taxon” XII: 1,1963, treat them as separate genera.—Distribution:
are insufficient, particularly as regards the degree of restricted to Chile. [(G): (R).]
hair-development, which is of course the aspect
which affects the relationship to Neochilenia. This N. aerocarpa(Ritt.) Backbg.
may be intended to draw attention away from the Bo. (of cultivated seedlings) later cylindric, brown­
fact that Chileorebutia is also a synonym of the ish; Ri. resolved into Tub.; Ar. oblong, at first
latter genus, and that the Chilean species of with short white flaky wool; Rsp. c. 10, 4-10 mm
“Pyrrhocactus”, with their hairy-floccose flowers lg., subterete, ± pectinate, thickened below, horn-
and ovaries, are also referable there. Regarding the coloured to + reddish-brown, darker-tipped,
tube and ovary of flowers of “Pyrrh. rupicolus and apical Sp. darker brownish, the lower part of the
intermedius”, Ritter says: “haud setosis”, and of P. Ar. with several very thin Ssp.; Csp. 0-2, one
echinus “esetosis”. The latter, in the absence of any directed upwards, blackish, one strongly down­
details as to hair-development, could be attributed wards, + twice as long as the Rsp.; FI.3(—5) cm lg.
to Horridocactus, whereas Ritter compares “P. and 0, carmine; Tu.and Ov. strongly woolly, with
rupicolus and intermedius” with "P. pygmaeus” brown Br.; Fr. to 2 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0, reddish.—
which has strongly hairy and bristly flowers, and is Chile (Dept. Freirina) (FR498).
thus generically compatible with Neochilenia, v. fulva (Ritt.) Backbg.: Ar. more crowded,
while saying that the other two species are “haud narrower; Sp. lighter, or whitish, ± bent; Csp.
setosis” . Perhaps his “P. pygmaeus” should mostly 0, sometimes 1, shorter (FR 500).
therefore be placed in Reicheocactus, unless traces
of bristles can be observed. Given his comparison N. ambigua (Hildm.) Y. Ito: Weingartia ambigua
with Neoch. pygmaea, I must in the meantime (Hildm.) Backbg.
retain his species in Neochilenia. This example
proves the importance of exact data on in­ N. andreaeanaBackbg.
dumentum when establishing generic relation­ Bo. becoming oblong, to 15 cm h., 5 cm 0, dark
ships—a difficult enough problem with the globose greyish-green; Ri. 14, scarcely tuberculate; Rsp. c.
Chilean cacti, and one which Ritter’s treatment 8, to 1 cm lg., whitish-grey; Csp. 4, to c. 2.2 cm lg..
does little to clarify. stouter, brown at first, reddish below, later greyish-
The only satisfactory solution (as I have long brownish; FI. 3 cm lg., 3.7 cm 0, satiny, light
proposed) is the more or less conventional one of scarlet to coppery-red, bordered yellowish; throat
segregating the species of the East Andean zone greenish-white.^—Chile (Fig. 252.)
from those of the Western one; this procedure has
already been applied to the plant and animal N. aricensis (Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov.
kingdoms (see Hellmich: “Die Bedeutung des Ill: 9. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus aricensis Ritt., “Taxon".
Andenraumes im biographischen. Bilde XII: 1,32. 1963).
Südamerikas”, 1940). This systematic division Bo. rather oblong, to 10 cm 0 , dark green; R.
reflects in every way the natural phenomena. If the napiform, very long; Ri. 13-21, less noticeably
most important diagnostic characters of the Pacific notched than N. iquiquensis; Ar. grey; Rsp. 10-16.
genera of Neochilenia and Horridocactus, on the 8-15 mm lg.; Csp.5-12, 1-3 cm lg.; FI.pale yellow.

326
 NEOCHILENIA

Fil.in 2 Ser., both inserted basally; Fr. 1.5 cm lg., + several white Br. above; Ov. 6 mm lg.; Pet.
spherical; S.1.4 mm lg., very rough, dark brown.— lanceolate, with a darker M.-stripe; Fil. white to
N. Chile (sea-cliffs near Arica, rare) (FR 268). greenish or whitish-yellow; stylecarmine-pink; Sti.
flesh-coloured; throat green; Fr. ?— Chile (col­
N. aspillagai(Sohr.) Backbg. lected by Ritter ?). (Fig. 254.)
Bo. + spherical, to 15 cm 0 , dark green; Ri. 14,
plumply tuberculate; Rsp. 4—12, to 2 cm lg., N. chilensis(Hildm.) Backbg.
acicular, curving; Csp. 1-4, 2-3 cm lg., stouter, Bo. simple or branching from below, spherical at
mostly straight; Sp. white at first, dark-tipped, first, becoming columnar, pale green; Ri.20-21, +
later grey, Csp. darker; FI. 4 cm lg., light yellow, notched; Rsp. c. 20, c. 1 cm lg., acicular; Csp. 6-8,
pink outside, with much white flaky wool and to 2 cm lg.; Sp. hyaline, glossy, white to yellowish,
several white Br.—Chile (Hacienda Tanume). densely covering the Bo.; FI.5 cm 0 , pinkish-red,
felty, with long white H.; Br.-colour ?—Chile,
N.atraBackbg.-—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill:9.1963. v. borealis: only a name?
Bo.spherical, to c. 8.5 cm 0 , black; Ri.numerous,
completely resolved into spiralled, fairly slender N. chorosensis(Ritt.) Backbg.
Tub., with a small chin-like projection below the Bo. simple, flattened-spherical, to 6 cm 0 , greyish-
Ar.; Ar. narrow, oval, fairly long, white-woolly; green; R. napiform; Ri. 13-16, made ± tuber­
Rsp.c. 10-11, all ± equal, a few mm lg., fine, thin, culate by constrictions between the Ar.; Ar.to 0.75
light-coloured; Csp.mostly missing, rarely 1 in the cm lg.; Rsp. 5-7, 2-10 mm lg., greyish-black; Csp.
upper part of the Ar., rather longer and stouter, mostly 0, rarely 1, l-2cmlg.,porrect;Fl.c. 4.75 cm
bent slightly to the crown or + projecting; buds lg., 4 cm 0 , light yellow, M.-stripe light red; with
rlackish-red, with flaky white H. below; FI.c. 4cm dense white flaky wool and numerous white Br.-H.;
O, with a short Tu., pale yellow, or lighter above, Fr. dark reddish-brown; S. blackish-brown.—
greenish towards the centre; Sep. blackish-red in Chile (Choros) (FR 489).
the middle, border lighter; Tu. short, with flaky
white H. and with curly thin light Br. above; style N. confinis (Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill:
red; Sti.pale pink. Unique on account of the black 9. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus confinis Ritt., Succulenta,
Bo. and the finely tuberculate Ri.—Import: 1:4-5. 1961).
Uebelmann; type-plant in the collection of J. Bo. simple, hemispherical, later elongated, 6-8 cm
Marnier-Lapostolle.—Chile. (Fig. 253.) O, green; R. shortly napiform; Ri. 13-15, ±
tuberculate; Ar. large, with white to grey felt; Rsp.
N. calderana (Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. 10-12, 1-2.5 cm lg., + appressed, the lowest one
Ill: 9. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus calderanus Ritt., Suc- very fine, topmost one stouter, longer; Csp.4-7, to
culenta, 2: 13-14. 1961). 4 cm lg., not flattened, projecting or pointing
Bo. simple, hemispherical, later more elongated, upwards; FI. c. 4 cm lg., 3 cm 0 , funnelform,
5-8 cm 0 , green; R. napiform; Ri. 13-15, with glossy, white with a reddish M.-stripe, reddish
chin-like Tub.; Ar. oblong, white-woolly; Rsp. outside, with white flaky wool and H., with fine
8-10,1-3.5 cm lg., rather thin, curving + upwards; white Br.; Fr. with white H. and woolly flock; S.
Csp. 3-5, similar, + flattened, ± upcurving, 2^1 brown to black.—N. Chile (near Copiapo) (FR
cm lg.; Sp. greyish-brown to blackish; FI. c. 3.5 494).
cm lg. and 0 , yellowish-white, with white flaky
wool, with several white hair-like Br. above; Fr. N. deherdtianaBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 9.
Yellowish; S. dirty grey.—N. Chile (Caldera) (FR 1963.
496). Bo. broadly spherical, ashy-grey to greenish; Ri.c.
12, with oblong tubercular swellings around the
N. carneofloraKilian n.sp. Ar.; Ar.oblong, with yellowish to white felt at first;
Bo. simple (always?), brown-olive; Ri. 18, slightly Sp. to c. 6, erect at first, black, sometimes lighter
spiralled, 1 cm br. below; Tub. rounded, obtuse, below, rather short, to c. 1 cm lg.; FI. appearing
chin-like, 5 mm br. above; Ar. 3 mm lg., 2 mm br., when the plant is only c. 3.5 cm 0 , funnelform,
obovate, elongated above, with white to creamy yellow, reddish-yellow outside, fairly large, on
woolly felt, this more noticeable towards the crown younger plants and even when half-open with the
and covering it, slightly overtopped by the Sp.; length equalling the plant's 0 ; Tu. densely scaly,
Rsp. 6-8, projecting + laterally or bent to the Bo., with curly H., these fairly dense on the bud.—Chile
horn-coloured at first, brown-tipped, then + (locality ?). (Fig. 255, above.)
brownish-grey to grey, c. 5 mm lg.; FI. 3.5 cm lg., 3 Plants in the collection of Saint-Pie, Asson
cm 0 , flesh-coloured; Tu.green, with Sc. which are (France) under Ritter’s number FR251 as “Copi-
green, flesh-coloured above, with white wool, with apoa fieldleriana” ; there also under number FR
327
NEOCHILENIA

529. Either these numbers are the result of some N. duripulpa bears Ritter’s number FR 1056; the
confusion, or the plant closely resembling Cop. above description was made on the basis of living
fiedleriana was identified by Ritter when not in material I saw in the collection of the skilful Dutch
flower. I have named it for the collector De Herdt collector, W. van Marie, who met his early death in
of Mortsel, Antwerp, whom I have to thank for an accident.
many careful observations.
N. ebenacantha (hort. non Monv.) Backbg.:
N. dimorpha (Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Neochileniahankeana(Forst.) Dolz.
Ill: 9. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus dimorphus Ritt.,
Succulenta, 1: 3-5. 1962). N. eriocephalaBackbg.
Bo. hemispherical, 2-6 cm 0 , almost black; R. Bo. small-spherical, dark in colour, offsetting; Ri.
napiform, neck constricted; Ri.divided at first into resolved into small Tub.; Ar. with strong white
Tub., later recognisably 13-16, very obtuse; Ar. hairy felt, forming a white tuft in the crown; Sp.
white-felty; Sp. on new growth 6-10, 2-5 mm lg., scarcely differentiated, c. 10-12, irregularly placed,
all radials, thin, spreading laterally or appressed, flexible, + projecting, sometimes slightly curving,
black to + white; on older St., Rsp. 8-12, to 2 cm light to dirty white (also darker?); FI.and Fr. ?—
lg., black to yellowish or light, upper ones Chile.
sometimes longer, ± curving; Csp. 1—3, projecting,
black to brownish, also horn-coloured and de- N. eriosyzoides(Ritt.) Backbg.
curved; FI. to 3.5 cm lg., broadly funnelform, Bo. hemispherical, later elongated, to 14 cm 0 ,
white-woolly below, Br. fine, yellowish; Pet. light bluish to greyish-green; R.forming a longer woody
to brownish-yellow, bordered whitish; Sti. taproot; Ri.13—17, chin-like below the Ar.; Ar.to 1
reddish; Fr. 1.5 cm lg., red, hairy; S. dark brown. cmlg.;Rsp.c. 10-15,1.5-4cmlg. ;Csp. 4-7,2-5cm
—Chile (Coquimbo). (Fig. 255, below) (FR 707.) lg.; Sp.curving upwards, sometimes strongly bent.
Rsp. also later spreading laterally, all rather
N. duelutahort. Ritt. ? variable in colour, + yellowish-brownish, some­
Bo. 45 mm 0 , 50 mm h., spherical, later oblong, times darker tipped or greyish-black; FI. c. 3.25
simple, brownish to blackish-green; Ri. 13, spiral­ cm lg., 3 cm 0 , satiny, light brownish-yellow, with
led, divided into rounded Tub., with an obtuse a carmine M.-stripe, with white flocky H. and
projection below the Ar.; Ar. round, sparsely pungent Br.-Sp.; Fr.c. 2 cm lg., + reddish-green to
woolly; Rsp. c. 8-15, to 6 mm lg., radiating, ± red, very white-woolly.—Chile (Fluanta). A parti­
bent, grey, darker towards the tip; Csp. (0— ) 1, bent cularly attractive spec.; seedling plants are more
upwards, dark reddish to blackish, 7-10 mm lg.; FI. laxly spined, some Sp. being stouter, bent upwards.
pale yellow, with white wool and Br. outside; Fr. (FR 484).
with white wool and Br.; S.brown.—Chile.
N. esmeraldana(Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov.
N. duripulpa (Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 9. 1963 (Chileorebutia esmeraldana Ritt..
Ill: 9. 1963 (Chileorebutia duripulpa Ritt., “Taxon”, XIII: 3, 123. 1963).
“Taxon”, XII: 3, 123. 1963). Bo. ± broadly spherical, offsetting, dark to
Bo. mostly simple, spherical, elongated in culti­ reddish; Ri.resolved into ± chin-like Tub. 2.5 mm
vation, greyish-green to olive, 3-4.5 cm 0 ; R. br.; Ar.to 1.5 mm 0 , oval, white at first; Rsp.4-12.
napiform, to 20 cm lg. and 3 cm 0 ; Ri. resolved 2-7 mm lg., yellow, brown or (rarely) black; Csp. 1
into Tub. 2-3 mm h., 3-5 mm br.; Ar. 1.5-3 mm (or few);FI.4.5-5 cm lg.;Ov. with brownish-green
apart; Rsp. 2 6(—10) mm lg., pectinate, fairly Sc. and lighter or darker Sp.; Sep.greenish; Pet.to
robust white or brown, appressed; Csp. mostly 2.5 cm lg., pale greenish-yellow; Tu. to 15 mm lg..
0(—1); FI. to 3.3 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , scented; Ov. with pale red Sc.; Fr. red.—N. Chile (Esmeraldas:
white-woolly, without Br.; Tu. with several Br. 1 rare). (Fig. 257.)
cm lg.; Pet. to 1.5 cm lg., sulphur-yellow, spotted
brown; Fil. pale yellow; style purple below, pink N. floccosa(Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. I ll:
above; Fr. red; pulp hard; S. 1.5 mm lg., matt 9. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus floccosus Ritt., “Taxon”.
brown.—N. Chile (Huasco) (FR 1056). (Fig. 256.) XII: 1. 32. 1963).
The Fr., acc. Ritter, is “hard-fleshed” ; this could Bo. to 6 cm 0 , to 30 cm lg., green; R. scarcely
signify (cf. N. recondita) one of the many possible napiform; Ri. 13, 7-10 mm h., notched, ± obtuse.
modifications, or else that there are only un­ Tub. small; Ar. 5 mm lg., a few mm apart, set with
important differences between the more fleshy Fr. many white H. to 2 cm lg.; Sp. black or greyish-
of the Reicheocactus-type, and the hollow Fr. of, brown, acicular, straight; Rsp. 8-10, 7-20 mm lg.:
say, R. neoreichei, which in turn affects the Csp. 1— 2(—4), 10-25 mm lg.; FI.to 3.3 cm lg., white:
question of classification, even within any genus. Fil.white; Tu.with many white H. and some white
328
 NEOCHILENIA

Br. ; stylered ; Sti.golden-yellow ; Fr. oblong, red Tub.; Ar. yellowish-white, large; Rsp. c. 7; Csp.
above, green below; S. dark brown.—N. Chile 1-4, the only one (or the uppermost) to 3 cm lg.,
icoast, Prov. Antofagasta) (FR 545). bent upwards; Sp. black at first, later becoming
concolorous whitish-grey from the base up ; FI.3-4
N.fobeana(Mieckl.) Backbg. cm lg. and 0 , creamy-white, with H. and darker
Bo. spherical, somewhat caespitose, to 10 cm h., 8 Br. ; Sep. with a pink to brownish M.-stripe.—
cm 0 , blackish-green; Ri, 14, spiralled; Ar.white- Chile.
:elty; Rsp. 8-9, middle ones longer, 10-12 mm lg., v. minor (Oehme) Backbg. : differs in having
radiating, intense black at first, tipped + shorter Sp.;
brownish-white ; Csp. 1-2, often absent; there is v.taltalensis(Ritt.) Backbg.: Sp. fewer, lighter;
riso a lighter-spined form; FI. pale yellow, with Tu.with longer H. ; FI.more yellowish to yellow
white wool, with Br.—Chile (origin ?). (FR 212).
N. fulva: see Neochilenia aerocarpa v. fulva(Ritt.) N. huascensis (Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov.
Backbg. Ill: 9. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus huascensis Ritt., Suc­
culenta, 6: 57-58.1961).
N. fusca(Miihlpf.) Backbg. Bo. hemispherical, later oblong, to 8 cm 0 ,
Bo. eventually elongated, dull brown; Ri, 13, greyish-green; R. napiform, white; Ri. 12-16, with
tuberculate; Ar. white-woolly; Rsp. c. 7, to c. 1.7 chin-like Tub.; Ar. large; Rsp. 5-8, 1.5-3 cm lg.,
cm lg., uppers and laterals terete, 3 lower ones slightly bent; Csp. 1—4, projecting to upcurving;
flattened-terete, middle one pressed downwards, Sp. black to brown; FI. to c. 4.5 cm lg., carmine-
black, soon ± light grey; Csp. mostly 1, longer, reddish, bordered white, with white wool and
rent + upwards ; FI.glossy, delicate yellow, dirty numerous white Br. ;Fr.white-woolly ; S. brown.—
reddish outside. There are forms with the Bo. more N. Chile (near Huasco) (FR 260).
greyish-brown, and FI. white to pink.—Chile.
Florridocactus taltalensis Ritt. (FR 212), with N. hypogaea (Ritt.) Backbg.: Copiapoa hypogaea
brown Bo. and whitish FL, is synonymous. Ritt.
N. glabrescens (Ritt.) : perhaps a form or variety of N. imitansBackbg.
Neochilenia mitis (Phil.) Backbg. or N. napina Bo. dwarf, compressed-spherical to spherical, to c.
Phil.) Backbg. 4-5 cm 0 , olive-green; R. thick-napiform, con­
stricted above; Ri.in spiralled Tub. ; Ar. and crown
N. glaucescens(Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. with slight greyish-white felt; only Rsp. present, 5
ill: 9. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus glaucescens Ritt., main ones to 2 mm lg., straight, yellowish to
Taxon”, XII: 1, 33. 1963). whitish-hyaline at first, rather darker below, 1-3
Differs from N. fioccosa in the following: Bo. Ssp. in the upper part of the Ar., very fine; FI.c. 2.5
bluish-green ; R.short-napiform ; Ri.more strongly cm lg., 4 cm and more 0 , yellowish, densely hairy,
notched; Ar. with shorter white woolly H.; Tub. with Br. above. Outstanding because the FI. are
stouter; Sp. black; Rsp. 8-13; Csp. 1-4, 1.5-3 cm sometimes larger than the Bo.—Chile. Chileoreb-
lg. :Tu. and Ov. less hairy; S. 1 mm lg.—N. Chile utia odieri sensu Ritt. is probably identical.
(coast, El Cobre) (FR 538).
N. intermedia (Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov.
N. gracilis(Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: Ill: 9. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus intermedius Ritt.,
9.1963 (Pyrrhocactus gracilis Ritt., Succulenta, 12 : “Taxon”, XII: 1,32. 1963).
129. 131. 1961). Bo. + oblong, 4-10 cm 0 , dark green; R.
Bo. flat to hemispherical, 3-5 cm 0 , blackish- napiform, white; Ri. higher than in N. rupicola,
green: Ri. 13-16, notched; Ar. white-felty; Rsp. more deeply notched, Tub. more acute; Ar.larger;
I J— 16,0.7-1.5cmlg., hair-like, straight, appressed, Rsp. 10—15, 8-30 mm lg., acicular; Csp. 4-7,
—white; Csp.4-5,1.5-2.5 cmlg., stouter, acicular, stouter, straight or + incurving, 2^1 cm lg. ; FI.
upcurving, greyish-brown to greyish-black; FI. c. borne in summer; Ov. and Fr. less hairy, scarcely
1 7-3.3 cm lg., white, with white woolly H. ; Sep. bristly (?), but Tu. white-bristly above; Pet. 1 cm
purple, bordered white, over 1cm lg. ; Br. white ; Fr. lg., 3 mm br., colour ? ; Fil.white; S.dark brown.—
small, green; S. dark brown.—N. Chile (near N. Chile (mountains N. of Chanaral air-strip) (FR
Caldera) (FR 495). 213c).
N.hankeana (Fòrst.) Dòlz N. iquiquensis (Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov.
Bo. spherical at first, then oblong, leaf-green; Ri. Ill: 9. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus iquiquensis Ritt.,
12-13, divided by transverse furrows into chin-like “Taxon”, XII: 1,32: 1963).
329
NEOCHILENIA

Bo. hemispherical, to 6 cm 0 , bluish-green; R. N. malleolata (Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov.

napiform, short; Ri. 10-16, 5-8 mm h., deeply Ill: 9. 1963 (Chileorebutia malleolata Ritt..
notched, Tub. + chin-like; Ar. to 6 mm lg., “Taxon”, XII: 3, 123. 1963)
brownish; Sp.greyish-brown; Rsp. 8-10, 3-10 mm Bo.greyish-green, caespitose; Ri.divided into Tub.
lg., straight; Csp. 2—4(— 6), 6-12 mm lg., slightly 4-8 mm lg., 3.6 mm br., 3-4 mm h., with an obtuse
incurving; FI. c. 2.3 cm lg., pale yellow; Tu. chin; Ar. 2-4 mm lg.; Rsp. 4-8, 2-4 mm lg..
funnelform to ± beaker-shaped, with white H. and incurving, brownish to yellowish; Csp. 0; FI. 4 cm
some short Br.; Fil. white; style pale yellow, Sti. lg.; Ov. with brown Sc. and pale Br.; Tu. 1 cm lg..
similarly; Fr. dark chestnut-brown, ± oblong; S. with longer and still paler Sc.; Sep. and Pet. ±
1.2 mm lg., dark, rough, hilum small, white.—N. linear, 2 cm lg., pale brownish-yellow; Fil. pale
Chile (near Iquique) (FR 201). yellow; S. 1 mm lg., reddish-black.—Chile (N. of
Chanaral) (FR 517).
N. jussieui(Monv.) Backbg. (T.) v. solitaria Ritt. (FR 517a)—1. c.: Bo. not
Bo. + spherical, brownish to blackish-green to caespitose; Tub. less crowded; Rsp. 4-12, 2-7
dark reddish; Ri. 13-16, tuberculate; Ar. with mm lg., yellow or brown, rarely black; Csp.
slight yellow felt; Rsp. 7-14, upper ones stouter; sometimes 1; FI. 4.5-5 cm lg.; Ov. with
Csp. 1-2, to 2.5 cm lg.; Sp. white, becoming brownish-green Sc.; Br.pale or darker; Tu.to 15
brownish to horn-coloured, dark-tipped, curving mm lg.; Br.pale red; Sep.and Pet.pale greenish-
+ upwards; FI.to 4 cm lg. and 0 , Pet. pale pink, yellow, with still paler borders; Fr.red; S. 1 mm
with a darker M.-stripe; Tu. distinctly hairy, with lg.—Chile (Esmeralda; very rare).
Br. above.—Chile.
N. mebbesii(Hildm.) Backbg.
N. krausii(Ritt.) Backbg. Bo. subspherical, later + oblong, green; Ri.c. 14.
Bo. small-spherical, to c. 4 cm 0 , freely offsetting, with many chin-like Tub.; Rsp. 7-10, to c. 0.5 cm
± greyish-green to yellow; R. long-napiform; Ri. lg., ± appressed,horn-coloured, + darker-tipped:
completely resolved in small Tub.; Ar. very white- FI. c. 5 cm 0 , white to pink, white-woolly.—Chile,
woolly, confluent above to form a white apical v. centrispina Backbg.: Csp. 1-3, considerably
tuft; Rsp.to 10, minute, subulate, ± projecting and darker, especially in the crown, + black-tipped.
spreading in all directions, not pubescent, ±
hyaline below, darker-tipped; Csp. mostly 1, little
longer, porrect; FI.to 3.5 cm lg. and 0 , delicately N. mitis(Phil.) Backbg.
perfumed, light to greenish-yellow, with very tufted Bo. simple, very small-spherical, c. 3.5 cm 0 .
H. and thin twisted brownish-red Br.; Fr.pale red, brownish to greyish-green; R. napiform; Ri. (onl\
very woolly and fine-bristly; S. black.—Chile in seedlings?) forming low, sinuately divided
(Dept. Copiapo) (FR 502). surfaces, not tuberculate; Ar.weakly felty; Sp.6-8.
only 1-1.3 mm lg., radiating, appressed; buds
N. kunzei(Forst.) Backbg. green; FI.3.5-4 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , variable in colour:
Bo. becoming oblong, to c. 20 cm fa. and 7.5 cm 0 , white (acc. Ritter: to pink, + carmine or brown­
green; Ri. 16 (acc. K. Sch., to 21), tuberculately ish), very white-hairy, with a few thin dark straight
notched, Tub. confluent and acute; Ar. elliptic, Br. above; Fr. red, very woolly; S. dark.— Chile
weakly felty; Rsp. 10-12, to 4 cm lg.; Csp.2-4, to 5 (Dept. Copiapo). (Fig. 258.)
cm lg., stouter; Sp. ± upcurving, yellowish to dark
above, especially in the crown; FI. (acc. Oehme) 3.5 N. monte-amargensis Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov
cm lg. and 0 , glossy, yellowish-white, with much III: 9. 1963.
white wool and several black Br.—Chile (Prov. Bo. depressed-spherical, offsetting freely from
Coquimbo, Copiapo). below, to c. 5 cm 0 , olive-green; R. napiform; Ri.
N. lembckeiBackbg. c. 16, divided into elongated Tub., these more
Bo. dwarf-spherical, probably always simple, confluent at the base in age, to 5 mm lg. and h.; Ar.
greyish-green; R. long-napiform, constricted; Ri. glabrous in the crown, 6 mm apart, rather sunken,
completely resolved into minute spiralled Tub.; Ar. later with dirty white felt, eventually becoming
with greyish to yellowish-white felt, forming a + grey; Rsp.c. 11, radiating, not projecting, to 3 mm
dense woolly cap in the crown; Sp.radial only, c. 8, lg., + rough, horn-coloured, soon dark; Csp. 0 at
paired, sometimes 1 lower one, all very short and first, later 1(— 2), the upper one ± curving to the
thin, rough, bent, appressed; FI. not known.— crown, brownish, to 1 cm lg., the lower one
Chile. projecting, to 6 mm lg.; FI. ?—Chile (Monte
Amargo: found by Lembcke). Noticeable on
IN. longirapa Ritt. (FR 1321): no description account of the broadly spherical shape and freeh
Iavailable. caespitose habit. (Fig. 259.)
330
 NEOCHILENIA

N. napina(Phil.) Backbg. N. occulta(Phil.) Backbg.

Bo. small-spherical, quite elongated if grafted, Bo. dwarf, 1.3-2.5 cm 0 , sometimes caespitose,
greyish-green, sometimes suffused reddish; R. yellowish-brownish to blackish; Ri. 8-10, very
long-napiform, constricted above; Ri. c. 14, + warty; Ar.weakly felty; Rsp. 6-10, some fine, only
strongly tuberculate; Tub. prominent and chin­ 4 mm lg., the lowest one twice as long; Csp.0-1, to
like : Ar.weakly felty to glabrous; Rsp.mostly 3-9, 1.7 cm lg. (and more); Sp. spreading to + bent,
at most 3 mm lg., appressed to projecting, black; black, becoming grey; FI. c. 2.5 cm lg., pale golden-
Csp.occasionally 1,blackish; buds brownish; Sep. yellow, with long white wool, with pale yellow
bordered pale yellowish; FI. 3-3.5 cm lg., pale Br.—Chile (Copiapo to Cobre).
•ellow, with long flocky H., with dark curly Br.
above; Fr. spherical to elongated, moderately
woolly.—Chile (near Huasco). Grafted plants are N. odieri(Lem.) Backbg.
more distinctly ribbed. (Fig. 260.) A variable spec., Bo. subspherical, later ± oblong, to 6 cm 0 ,
particularly in the spination. The following is more greyish to reddish-brown; Ri. c. 13, very tuber­
s.rongly differentiated: culate above, Tub. blistery, + spiralled, Ri. +
v. spinosior(Backbg.) Backbg.; Rsp. c, 10; Csp. continuous lower down; Ar. weakly felty; Rsp.
to 4, stout, projecting, sometimes distinctly 6-10, to 0.5 cm lg., thin, ± reddish-brown, blackish
cruciform, black, at first lighter below; FI.at first at first, ± appressed; Csp. 0; FI.c. 5 cm 0 , white
(or outside) ± suffused pink. (to pink), white-woolly.—Chile (Copiapo,
The plant illustrated on the cover of “Succulenta”, Huasco).
9 as Neoporteria napina v. spinosior, is in fact a
completely different plant—Neoporteria micro- N. odieri v. mebbesii (Hildm.) Y. Ito: Neochilenia
•perma Ritt.; this shows the importance of segre­ mebbesii(Hildm.) Backbg.
gating Neoporteria and Neochilenia, because if this
rad been done, the confusion could not have
arisen. N. odoriflora(Ritt.) Backbg.
The true Neochilenia napina v. spinosior, with Bo. simple, flattened-spherical to hemispherical,
router, uniformly dark Sp., is illustrated in dark greyish-green; Ri.10-16, scarcely tuberculate,
Kaktusweelde”, 9: 10, 11. 1963. thick, obtuse; Ar.c. 1cm lg., grey-felty; Rsp. 7-10,
mostly over 2 cm lg., greyish-brown, greying; Csp.
V neofuscaBackbg. 4—7, 2-3 cm lg., + flattened, strongly spreading,
Bo. ± spherical, blackish-green, frosted white; Ri. curving; FI. 4-5 cm lg., 5-6 cm 0 , white with a pink
ar first strongly tuberculate; Rsp. 5-7; Csp. 1; Sp. M. -stripe, very white-woolly, with numerous
r.outly subulate, those in the upper part of the Bo. white, long, fine Br.; Fr. red, white-woolly.—
rent more strongly upwards, thickened below, Central Chile (above Pichidangui) (FR 470).
: ossy, black; FI. dull yellow, with woolly H.—
Chile. Since Ritter (to whom I left the task) has not N. paucicostata(Ritt.) Backbg.
et provided a detailed description, the above is Bo. simple, hemispherical, later + elongated, with
mken from the short Latin diagnosis in “Die a thicker taproot, bluish or greyish-green, suffused
Cact.’’, Ill: 1811. 1959. whitish; Ri.8-12, + tuberculate, Tub. in the lower
part + prominent and chin-like; Ar. greyish to
N neoreichei Backbg.: Reicheocactus neoreichei white-felty,
ones
medium-sized; Rsp. 5-8, 1-2 upper
shorter and thinner, slightly angular, +
Backbg.) Backbg.
recurved; Csp. 1 at first, later to 4, to 4 cm lg., ±
upcurving; Sp. greyish-black, lighter later; FI. c.
N nigricans (Dietr.) Y. Ito: Horridocactus nig- 3-5 cm lg., to 5 cm 0 , reddish-white, or white, and
-cans(Dietr.) Backbg. & Dolz. only reddish outside, hairy, with several brown to
black Br.; Fr. reddish, white-hairy.—N. Chile
N. nigriscopariaBackbg. (near Paposo) (FR 521).
Bo. simple, to 4 cm h., 6 cm 0 , deep green to Ritter’s original photograph shows how necessary
greyish-green; R. + napiform; Ri. 15-19, later it is to show the plants in habitat and also in
i vided into chin-like Tub.; Ar.weakly felty; Sp.to cultivation; in the former, the dense and rigidly
3 5 cm lg., stiff-bristly and stouter, erect, + projecting spines interlace to conceal the body; the
rterlacing, black to brownish-black, sometimes spination of cultivated plants is much laxer.
rensely covering the Bo., sometimes lighter below; v. viridis(Ritt.) Backbg.: Bo. darker pure green;
FL bellshaped-funnelform, to 3 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , Ri. 13; Rsp. almost always 8; the FI. I have seen
:ght pink, with fine H. and some twisted white Br.; were pinkish-white; transitional to N. hankeana
Fr. hairy; S..black.—Chile. (FR 521a).
331
NEOCHILENIA

N. pilispina(Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. I ll: at first, greying; FI.very close to the apex, 3.5-4.5
9. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus pilispinus Ritt., Succulenta, cm lg., c. 2.5-3.5 cm 0 , white to slightly yellowish:
4:42^14. 1962). Sep. reddish, bordered white, with white wool and
Bo. simple, hemispherical, 4-5 cm 0 , blackish- dense fine Br. which are curving to ± projecting,
green, with a long taproot; Ri. 13-16, spiralled, brown to black, over 1 cm lg. ; Fr. ± carmine, to 4
with chin-like protuberances; Ar. sunken; Rsp. c. cm lg., hollow, as is common in the genus, but the S.
6, 0.5-2 cm lg., Csp. 2-3, 1-3 cm lg.; Sp. very thin, remaining attached and released only when the Fr.
curving upwards and twisted, brown to black; FI. has dried (FR 204). The fact that the fully ripe S.
2.5-3 cm lg., borne close to the apex, ± scented, still remain in the Fr., reveals Ritter’s term
white, with acuminate Sc., lax H. and yellowish “Windfrucht” to be a fiction; here, yet again.
Br.; Fr. reddish to olive-brown above, with white Nature has created one more variant, and I have
flock; S. brownish-black.—N. Chile (Atacama). therefore preferred the more appropriate term:
(Fig. 261.) Very close to Neoch. pygmaea (Ritt.). "hollow Fr.”.

N. pseudoreicheiLembcke & Backbg. N. reichei(K. Sch.) Backbg. (Chileorebutia reichei

Bo. simple, to c. 4.5 cm 0 , very flat, olive-green, [K. Sch.] Ritt., “Taxon”, XII: 3, 124. 1963).
later greying: R. stout-napiform, not constricted; Bo. dwarf, simple, depressed-spherical, ± greyish-
crown sunken, weakly felty; Ri. divided into green; crown sunken, concealed by much woolly
oblong-conical Tub. which are + prominent below flock and interlacing small Sp. ; Ri. completely
the Ar.; Rsp. 10, to 2 mm lg., pectinate; Csp.later 1 divided into Tub.; Ar. white-felty, soon glabrous:
to 3.5 mm lg., projecting ± towards the apex; Sp. Sp. 7-9, to 3 mm lg., radiating, appressed, not
rather rough, pale yellowish at first, later grey- pungent, straight or slightly bent, hyaline or white,
hyaline ; FI.not known.—Chile. greying; FI.to 3.3 cm lg., 3-4 cm 0 , glossy, yellow,
with white wool and several fine Br.—Chile.
N. pulchella (Ritt.) Backbg. (Ritter: Pyr­ Ritter (1.c.) states : Sp. 10-14;FI.with grey or black
rhocactus): not described (perhaps a form of H.; Pet. greenish or reddish; Sti. red; Fr. more
Neochilenia pygmaea?) strongly woolly. Since the FR number is missing
This spec, is no longer featured in the newer Winter here, and the earlier number FR 501 of the same
catalogues: Bo. strong, dark, brownish-green, + name was a bristle-less spec, of Reicheocactus in
broadly spherical; Sp. mostly curving towards the which the data regarding Sp. and FI. differed from
apex but not completely covering this, c. 12, some Schumann’s description, Ritter’s new combination
of them more central, all at first partly dark brown, as above remains from several points of view a
partly lighter horn-coloured; FI. and Fr. more nomen dubium.
strongly white-hairy.—Chile.
N. residua(Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill :
N. pygmaea (Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. 10. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus residuus Ritt., “Taxon".
Ill: 9. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus pygmaeus Ritt., XII: 1,33. 1963).
“Taxon”, XII. 1,32. 1963). Differentiated as follows from N. recondita: Bo.
Bo. flat, bluish-grey or green, 3-5 cm 0 ; R. 4-8 cm 0 ; Ri. 12-14 ;Tub.rat her obtuse ; Ar.grey :
napiform, short, conical; Ri.(10 )11—13(—16), with Sp. pale or dark brown; Rsp. 10-12; Csp. 2—5(— 8),
rather obtuse chin-like Tub.; Ar. 2-4 mm lg., 1-3 cm lg. ; Tu. with white H. and white Br. ; Ov.
white; Sp. dark brown or black; Rsp. 7-12, thin, white-hairy, without Br. ; Fr. similarly.—N. Chile
5-20 mm lg.; Csp. 1-4, stouter, 10-14 mm lg.; FI.in (coastal ranges near Antofagasta) (FR 203). (Fig.
spring, 3 cm lg., white to greenish, with white hair, 263.)
bristly; Fil. bluish-green; Fr. with similar indm
mentum, red;S. 0.9mmlg., hilum white.—N. Chile N. robusta (Ritt.) Backbg. and v. vegasana (Ritt.)
(20 km N. of Chanaral, on the coast) (FR 519). Backbg.: Horridocactus robustus Ritt. and v.
vegasanusRitt.
N. recondita (Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov.
Ill: 10. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus reconditus Ritt., N. rostrata (Jac.) Backbg. : Neoporteriasubgibbosa
Succulenta, 3: 27-29. 1962; earlier referred to (Haw.) Br. & R.
Chileorebutia).
Bo. dwarf, rarely offsetting, flat to hemispherical, N. rupicola (Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill :
2.5-4.5 cm 0 , bluish or greyish-green; R. nap­ 10. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus rupicolus Ritt., “Taxon".
iform, constricted; Ri. 10-12, divided into chin-like XII: 1,32. 1963).
Tub.; Ar. white-felty, sunken; Rsp. 6-10, 0.5-1 cm Bo. to 8 cm 0 ; R. not napiform; Ri. with larger
lg., fine, acicular, appressed to ± projecting; Csp. chin-like Tub.; Ar. to 10 mm lg., grey; Sp. dark:
1-2, 1-1.5 cm lg., stouter, ± upcurving; Sp. black Rsp. 10-20, moderately thin, quite strongly ap-
332
 NEOCHILENIA

pressed, 8-20 mm lg. ; Csp. 6-12, 3-5 cm lg. ; FI.in N. taltalensis(Hutch.) Backbg.
winter, quite moderately woolly, scarcely brist­ Bo. simple, spherical, to 8 cm 0 , matt dark green;
ly! ?), purple, bordered white or pink ; Fil.white or Ri. 13, with chin-like Tub.; Ar. at first with light
purplish-pink; An. white or pale yellow; S. yellowish-brown felt; Sp.with radials merging into
minutely tuberculate.—N, Chile, between Alorro centrals; Rsp.c. 6-12, 0.3-2 cm lg., thin, + flexible,
N. of Caldera) and Paposo, on cliffs and moun­ straight, curving to twisted, brownish, later white;
tains (FR 213). Csp. 6-12, to 3 cm lg., the innermost 1-4 to 3(-4)
cm lg., thicker, stiffer, + erect, slightly bent, at first
X. saxifraga (Ritt.) (Chileorebutia Ritt.) : not dark greyish-brown to blackish; FI.3 cm lg., 2.5 cm
described. 0 and more, fuchsia-purple, with white hairy
wool, with twisted Br. above; Fr. + purplish-
N.scoparia(Ritt.) Backbg. n. comb. (Pyrrhocactus blackish.—Chile (Taltal, Sierra Esmeralda). This
scoparius Ritt., Succulenta, 5: 51-53, 1962). must be Ritter’s No. FR 212: “Pyrrhocactus
Bo. simple, greyish to blackish-green, 3-6 cm 0 , taltalensis n.sp., red-flowered” (not to be confused
hemispherical ; R.napiform, short, not constricted ; with the more strongly yellowish-flowered Neochi-
Ri. 10-13, strongly divided into chin-like Tub. ; Ar. lenia hankeana v. taltalensis [Ritt.] Backbg.).
deeply sunken, white-felty; Rsp. c. 5-10, 5-10 mm Ritter adds: “v. flaviflorus: yellow FI.” ; the
lg.. very fine, or stouter and acicular, spreading name should therefore read: Neochilenia taltal­
sideways, to + curving, light brown to almost ensisv. flaviflora(Ritt.) Backbg.: Bo. deep dark
white ; Csp. 1-4,1-1.5 cm lg., rather stouter, mostly green; Ri.c. 14, with acute chin-like Tub.; Rsp.c.
straight, projecting; FI.very close to the crown, c. 18-20, uppers to 6, very thin, all ± curving; Csp.
2.5 cm lg., light purple, bordered white, with white 4(— 6), scarcely differentiated, all + bent up or
wool and several light Br. ; Fr. c. 1 cm lg., light down, light-coloured; FI. rather large, light
purple below, greenish-brown above.—Chile yellow, reddish-yellow outside.—Chile (neigh­
Atacama). bourhood of Taltal). Description taken from
seedling-plants. (Fig. 262, right.)
N. setosiflora (Ritt.) Backbg. - Descr. Cact. Nov.
ill: 10. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus setosiflorus Ritt., N. tenebricaRitt. (FR 1092)
Succulenta, 6:70-72, 1962). No detailed description available. Bo. dark; Ri.
Bo. flat to hemispherical, c. 4-6 cm 0 , dark tuberculate; Ar. crowded, shortly white-woolly;
greyish-green; R. napiform, large, constricted Rsp. small; Csp. absent; FI.whitish-yellowish, to 4
above; Ri. 13-17, with obtuse chin-like Tub.; Ar. cm 0 . Closely resembles N. nuda (FR 1425).
white-felty; Rsp. 12-14, 0.8-2 cm lg., straight,
acicular, slightly yellowish, occasionally thinner N. totoralensis(Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov.
and even black; Csp. 1— 4(—10), stouter, 1.5^1 cm Ill: 10. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus totoralensis Ritt.,
lg.. light yellowish; FI.4-6.5 cm lg., faintly yellow, Succulenta, 12: 131-132. 1961).
greenish-yellow to more purple, with white wool Bo. flat to hemispherical, 2-4 cm 0 , dark bluish to
and Br.; Fr. reddish.—Central Chile (coast) (FR greyish-green; with a constricted taproot; Ri.
708). 12-14, Tub. strongly chin-like; Ar. white-felty;
v. intermedia(Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Rsp. 6-8, 1.5-3 cm lg., thin, spreading laterally, +
Ill: 10. 1963 (Ritter: Pyrrhocactus,—var., curving to the Bo., young plants sometimes with
Succulenta, 6: 70. 1962): Bo. smaller; Ar. several very fine shorter Ssp.; Csp. 0-1 (— 2—3), 2-3
smaller; Sp. shorter; FI. smaller; Pet. more cm lg., rather stouter, curving strongly + upwards;
obtuse; Br.few (FR 708a). Sp. ± black at first, greying; FI.c. 4 cm lg., white to
light yellow, M.-stripe purple, with dense white
N. simulans (Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. wool and long white Br.; Fr. red.—Chile (Atac­
Ill: 10. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus simulans Ritt., Suc­ ama, Totoral Bajo) (FR 495).
culenta, 4: 35-36. 1961).
Bo.simple, hemispherical, later elongated, greyish- N. transitensis(Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov.
green: crown flat, with greyish-white wool; R. Ill: 10. 1963 (Pyrrhocactus transitensis Ritt.,
napiform; Ri. 11-13, little tuberculate; Ar. large, “Taxon”, XII: 1, 33. 1963).
with orange-brownish felt; Rsp. 8-12, 1-3 cm lg., Distinguished as follows from N. eriosyzoides: Bo.
^ straight, fairly robust, occasionally finer; Csp. to 11 cm 0 , greyish-green; R. very long-napiform,
I—)4—8, 2-4 cm lg., straight to + curving; Sp. not constricted above; Ri.less prominent, without
black, greying; FI.4-4.5 cm lg., carmine, bordered chin-Tub.; Ar. pale brownish, 8-13 mm lg.; Sp.
light yellowish, satiny, with much white wool, with stoutly acicular, curving inwards, to 3 cm lg., dark
white Br. ; Fr. c. 1.5 cm lg., red.—N. Chile (FR brown, later whitish-brown below, greyish-black
488). above, becoming ash-grey; Rsp.8—14; Csp.4-7; FI.
333
NEOCHILENIA—NEOGOMESIA

pale sulphur-yellow, sometimes with a red stripe; Bo.simple at first, to 3 m h., later branching above,
Tu. with soft Br.; stylepurple; Sti.golden-yellow; light green; branchesslightly curving, 12-15 cm 0 ,
Fr. ± white-woolly; S. brown.—N. Chile (near thickened around the previous FI.-zones; Ri.
Transito) (FR 485). 25-28; Ar. circular to oval, white-woolly at first;
Ceph. of dense, light yellowish-brown, silky H. and
N. trapichensis Ritt. (Horridoeactus, ace. Ritter): Br.; Rsp. c. 16, 1.5-3 cm lg., very thin, flexible,
not described. [Haage adds: (FR 252 C): perhaps acicular, thickened below; Csp.c. 6,1 stouter, 1 cm
referable to Pyrrhocactus?] lg., projecting upwards, yellow; FI.4 cm lg., pink;
Ov. with flexible FL; Tu.-Sc. with several H. and
N. wagenknechtii(Ritt.) Backbg. sometimes 1 Br.; Fr. and S. ?—Mexico (Oaxaca,
Bo. simple, + greyish-green, hemispherical; R. between Nizanda and Chivela).
napiform, thick, yellowish; Ri. 18-22, fairly tuber-
culate; Ar. large, white-woolly ;Rsp. 6-8, 1-2 cm N. totolapensisH. Bravo & Th. MacDoug.
lg.; Csp. 1-4, 2-3 cm lg., stouter, ± terete; Sp. Bo. simple, to 8 m h., 12-15 cm 0 , greyish-green,
probably variable, light to darker and ± blackish; thickened around previous FI.-zones; Ri.c. 28; Ar.
FI. 3-4 cm lg., to c. 3.5 cm 0 , from greenish to circular, with greyish-white felt; Ceph. yellowish,
brownish-yellow, to yellow and red, to brownish- tinged ± brownish; Rsp. 10-13, 0.5-1.3 cm lg..
red or + reddish-white; Sep. ± carmine.—Chile lower ones longest, white, red-tipped; Csp. 3-6,
(near La Serena) (FR 487). similar to the Rsp. but slightly stouter; FI.to 3.5 cm
lg., pink; Ov. with long flexible white FI.; Tu.-Sc.
with few FI. and stiff Br.; Fr. 2.5-3 cm 0 , pink,
Neodawsonia Backbg. (164) small-scaly, hairy, with short white Br.-Sp.; S.c. 2
mm lg., dark brown.—-Mexico (Oaxaca, near
Cerei which, with one exception, are not branching Totolapan). (Fig. 264.)
but offset from below; dense white woolly hairs are
developed in the apical flowering zone, with new Neoevansia Marsh., or N. diguetii (Web.) Marsh.:
growth continuing through this, so that the wool Peniocereus (Berg.) Br. & R., or P. diguetii(Web.)
persists as a ring for some time. The ± funnelform- Backbg.
tubular flowers are pink and only moderately long,
with scales and hairs on ovary and tube; the latter
sometimes has short bristles. The fruit, as far as Neogomesia Castan. (194)
known, is small, pink, hairy, and shortly spiny, and
dehisces above. The seeds are dark brown and Solitary smaller plants, with a thick, + spherical
finely pitted.—Distribution: Mexico (SW. taproot, with strongly elongated, leaf-like tubercles
Oaxaca). which are wrinkled and transversely fissured and
rounded below. Spines are usually completely
N. apicicephalium(Daws.) Backbg. (T.) absent; if present, they are very short. The unique
Bo. simple at first, then branching from + close to character is the position of the large, very woolly
the base, 1-3 m h., dark bluish-green ; branches to areoles, on the upper surface of the tubercles, at
10, 6.5-10 cm 0 , somewhat thickened at the apex some distance from the tip. The pink, bellshaped to
of each annual growth; Ri. 22-27; Ceph. stoutly funnelform flowers, with a naked tube, arise from
white-woolly, forming a woolly cap up to 4 cm. the newest areoles through the stout felt of the
deep from the apex; Ar.elliptic; Rsp.9-12, 1 cm lg. apex. The fruit is red, subspherical to clavate, with
in the lower part of the Ar., or 2-3 cm lg., thin, a kind of lid.-—Genus monotypic at present.—
bristly, + curving to twisted; Csp. 2-4-6, 2-4 cm Distribution: Mexico (Tamaulipas). [(G).] See
lg., decurved, 1 of these projecting and ± straight, introductory remarks on Ariocarpus regarding
stiffer, longest; Sp. straw-coloured at first, then Anderson’s attempts to unite Neogomesia with
dark brown; FI.5-6 cm lg., to 3 cm 0 , pink, tinged Ariocarpus.
yellowish;Ov.with several thin flexible H.;Fr.and
S. ?—Mexico (Oaxaca). N. agavioides Castafi. (T.)
Bo. above ground to c. 8 cm 0 , dark green, later
N. guiengolensis H. Bravo: Neodawsonia apic- greyish-green; Tub. to c. 4 cm lg., to c. 6 mm br..
icephalium(Daws.) Backbg. gradually tapering towards the + recurved tip; Ar.
to c. 1cm 0 ; Sp.only occasionally present, 1-3, at
N. nana FI. Bravo: Neodawsonia apicicephalium most 3-5 mm lg., white to horn-coloured, subulate,
(Daws.) Backbg. appressed; FI.lasting only one day, to 5 cm lg.; Sep.
few, scale-like; outer Pet.white with a pink centre,
N. nizandensisH. Bravo & Th. MacDoug. inner ones + intense pink, white at the base; Tu.2

334
 NEOGOMESIA—NEOLLOYDIA

cm lg. (and more), naked; Fr.to 2.5cm lg., pink to Hidalgo).

purple, hilum sunken; S. black, pear-shaped, finely
tuberculate, to 1.5mm lg.—Mexico (near Tula, on N. cubensis(Br. & R.) Backbg. (2)
limestone hills at 1200 m altitude). (Fig. 265.) Bo.later mat-forming, individual heads depressed-
Cutak sent me photos of a long-taprooted plant spherical, 2-3 cm 0 , dull green; Tub. numerous,
Mth longer slender Tub. and white-woolly Ar.; no compressed, 6-7 mm lg.; Rsp.to c, 10,3-4 mm lg.,
precise data regarding FI.; this may be referable to acicular, weak, spreading sideways; Csp. 0-1,
the preceding spec., which has never been re­ short; Sp. whitish; FI.c. 1.6cm lg., pale yellowish-
collected. green; S.semi-matt.—Cuba (Prov. Oriente).
N. emskoetteriana (Quehl) Craig: Escobaría em-
Neolloydia Br. & R. (215) skoetteriana(Quehl) Backbg.
A genus related to Coryphantha; plants in part N. gielsdorfiana (Werd.) Knuth: Gymnocactus
mat-forming, with bodies + cylindric, the tu­ gielsdorfianus(Werd.) Backbg.
bercles furrowed. The flowers are medium-large,
greenish-yellow, yellowish-pink, yellow or N. grandiflora(O.) Berg. (1)
purplish-violet. The fruit, which is not watery, is Bo. cylindric, to 10 cm h.; Tub. only moderately
rather dull in colour, and becomes papery as it dries. lax, rather short; Ax. and young Ar. freely white
The species are divided into 2 subgenera: woolly; Rsp. to c. 25, radiating horizontally, ±
SG. 1: Neolloydia: Plants not mat-forming, the curving, flattened laterally, ± white below; Csp.
furrow running the entire length of the 0-1-2, porrect, stout, black; FI. large, widely
tubercle, seeds matt black; opening, purple.—USA (Texas) to Mexico
SG. 1: Cumarinia (Knuth) Backbg.: Plants mat­ (Tamaulipas, near Jaumave). (Fig. 266,left.)
forming, furrow not as long as the tubercle,
seeds shiny to semi-matt, black. N. horripila (Lem.) Br. & R.: Gymnocactus
The appropriate subgenus is indicated in brackets horripilus(Lem.) Backbg.
ifter the specific name.—Distribution: USA to
Mexico, Cuba. [(R) but grafting recommended.] N. knuthiana (Bod.) Knuth: Gymnocactus
knuthianus(Bod.) Backbg.
Neolloydia beguinii (Web.) Br. & R.: Gymnocactus
beguinii(Web.) Backbg. N. matehualensisBackbg. (1)
Bo.cylindric, offsetting from the base, to 15cm h., 5
N. ceratites(Qhehl) Br. & R. (1) cm 0 , pale greyish-green; Tub. inclined upwards
Bo. ovoid, simple or in small groups, to 10 cm h., and appressed, flattened, c. 2 cm across the base;
to 5cm 0 ; Tub. in 10 spiralled R., + rhomboid; Ax. weakly white-felty; Ar. white-felty, soon
Ax. round, weakly woolly at first; Rsp.c. 15,to 1.5 glabrous; Rsp. c. 10( 12), to 1 cm lg., hyaline,
cm lg., bulbously thickened below, spreading, greyish-white; Csp. 2 at first, to 2.2 cm lg., 1
whitish-grey (appearing frosted), translucent, directed upwards, 1 downwards, later to 3 Sp.,
sometimes tipped dark brown; Csp. 5(-6), in a thickened below; FI. ? (purple?).—Mexico (San
circle, 1 middle Sp. projecting, straight to + Luis Potosí, near Matehuala).
curving, thickened below, whitish-grey or horn-
coloured or light to dark brown, mostly black- N. odorata(Bod.) Backbg. (2)
::pped; Ax. white-woolly; FI. 3-3.5 cm lg., Bo. offsetting from the base to form mats, single
purple.—Mexico. (Fig. 266,right.) heads ± spherical, to 3 cm 0 , glossy, dark leaf-
green ; Tub.cylindric, c. 1cm lg., strongly rounded-
N clavata (Schweidw.) Br. & R.: Coryphantha truncate above; Ar. not white-felty or only at first;
davata (Scheidw.) Backbg. Rsp. 7-9, to 1 cm lg., spreading horizontally,
straight, stiff, thin-acicular, slightly rough and
appearing frosted, white, sometimes tipped dark
N. conoidea(DC.) Br. & R. (1) (T.) brown or honey-colour; Csp. 3-4, 2-2.5 cm lg.,
Bo. simple to offsetting, either from the base or strongly and irregularly radiating, stouter-acicular,
laterally, + ovoid-conical, 7-10 cm h., 5-7 cm 0 , straight, stiff, rough, thickened below, all hooked,
light to greyish-green; Ax. strongly woolly; Tub. reddish to blackish-brown; FI.c. 1.5cm lg., to 1cm
rather lax, ovoid, obtuse; Rsp. c. 16,0.8-1 cm lg., O, yellowish-pink; S. shiny, black.—Mexico
thin, stiff, radiating white, greying; Csp. 4-5, 1-3 (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí).
cm lg., spreading, black; FI. to 6 cm 0 , purplish-
violet.—USA (Texas), Mexico (Zacatecas, N. orcuttii Rose: EscobaríaorcuttiiB5d.
335
NEOLLOYDIA—NEOPORTERIA

N. pilispinaBr. & R. non J. A. Purp. (?) Neoporteria Br. & R. emend.

Bo. forming groups; Tub. ± angular, no data Backbg. (125)
regarding furrows; Ar. with much white wool on
new growth, this covering the apex; Rsp. 6-7, 5-6 Chilean species of spherical, subspherical to mostly
mm lg., weak, spreading, upper ones c. 2 cm lg., ± cylindric cacti, in part almost cereoid, in one
bending together over the crown, white, tipped case very low-growing, with variable spination. In
blackish; Csp.0-1; FI. 1.5-2 cm lg„ purple; Fr.and all species the flowers are + carmine-pink, with
S. ?—Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Minas de San narrow-lanceolate, tapering petals, the inner ones
Rafael). remaining connivent until the flower starts to fade.
The stem-like tube and ovary show only traces of
N. pulleineanaBackbg. (1) felt, with bristles above. The oblong fruit has only
Bo. clavate-cylindric, thin at first, ± twisted, to c, traces of felt, 'and is hollow at maturity; the seeds
20 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , later also branching, dark are released by means of a basal pore. 22 species
green; R.long-napiform; Tub.rounded-conical, + described. Although all of these have the same
compressed; Rsp.to 18, to 1.2cmlg., stiff, subulate, floral characters, including the distinctive perianth-
interlacing, dirty grey; Csp. 3(— 4), 3 stouter, colour, thus making Neoporteria one of the most
1 averagely so, erect, thickened below, longest uniform genera in the Cactaceae, my views
one to 2 cm lg., directed obliquely upwards, later ± regarding the segregation of Neochilenia seem not
downwards, very stiffly subulate, all dirty greyish- to be shared in the USA (see also Neochilenia:
brown, the longest one ± banded; FI. yellow. Britton & Rose included the species of both genera
—Mexico (San Luis Potosí, near Matehuala). in Neoporteria only because at that time they were
not in possession of sufficient data regarding the
N. roseana (Bod.) Knuth: Escobarla roseana Chilean species). Thus Hutchison, for instance,
(Bod.) Backbg. refers some species of Neochilenia to Neoporteria.
and presumably Horridocactus similarly: i.e.
N. saueri (Bod.) Knuth: Gymnocactus saueri funnelform flowers with ± distinct hair-
(Bod.) Backbg. development, and differently coloured perianths.
Instead of undertaking new “revisions”, such as
that of Pediocactus sensu Benson, or Ariocarpus
N. texensis Br. & R.: acc. Bodeker, this is the Texan sensu Anderson, it would have been preferable here
form of Neolloydiaconoidea(DC.) Br. & R. to follow my much-needed revision of Neoporteria
Br. & R. After all, what are the consequences if the
N. viereckii (Werd.) Knuth: Gymnocactusviereckii Neochilenia species are referred to the present
(Werd.) Backbg. genus? The Horridocactus species could no
longer be excluded, still less the species of
N. warnockii Benson (= Echinomastus Glass & Pyrrhocactus sensu Ritt.—in other words the
Foster) Chilean and the E. Andean species of the genus.
Bo. simple, bluish-green, ovoid, 7-11 cm lg., 5-7.5 The result is a classical example of failure to follow
cm 0 ; Ri. 13-21; Tub. 9 mm lg.; Ar.elliptic, 3 mm my arguments: a synthetic over-sized genus which
lg., 9 mm apart; Sp. dense, covering the Bo., matt cannot be clearly envisaged, and which ignores
light brown; Csp. 4, tipped chalky-blue, or brown geographical realities.—Distribution: Central to
in part, longer ones directed upwards, 1.2-2.5 cm N. Chile. [(R); grafting speeds growth and
lg.; Rsp. 12-14, spreading, weakly curving; FI. c. encourages flowering.]
2.5 cm lg. and 0 ; Sep.white to pink, with a green
M.-stripe, longest ones lanceolate, 9-12 mm lg.; N. acutissima (O. & Dietr.) Berg.: Neoporteria
Pet. pink, to 12 mm lg.; Fr. green, brownish at subgibbosa(Haw.) Br. & R.
maturity, with few Sc.; S.black.—Mexico (Chihu­
ahua), USA (Texas, New Mexico); at altitudes of N. ambigua (Hildm.) Backbg.: Weingartia am-
560-1200 m. Named for Dr. B. H. Warnock who bigua(Hildm.) Backbg.
has collected the spec, on several occasions since
1947. IN. aricensis (Ritt.) Don. & Rowl. = Neochilenia
Iaricensis(Ritt.) Backbg. 1963.
Neolobivia Y. Ito non Backbg.: an invalid generic N. aspillagai (Sohr.) Backbg.: Neochilenia aspil-
name for PseudolobiviaBackbg. proparte. lagai(Sohr.) Backbg.

Neomammillaria Br.& R.:MammillariaHaw. non N. atrispinosa(Backbg. ) Backbg.

Stackhouse. Bo. small-spherical, later oblong to cylindric, dark
336
 NEOPORTERIA

leaf-green; R. napiform, with a neck-like con­ flock or fewer Br.; S. smaller.—N. Chile (E. of
striction; Ri. c. 15, at first divided into spiralled La Serena) (FR 716).
Tub., these later becoming confluent; Ar. yellow- Ritter re-collected this insufficiently clarified spec.
felty at first; Sp. variable, those on juveniles (FR 482); acc. to Winter’s catalogue, he also listed
numerous, soft-bristly to hair-like, later 3-7, to 3.5 the following varieties: v. grandifiora (FR 482a),
cm lg., erect at first, harder but still flexible, some “very large FI., cereoid habit” ; and v. parviflora
fine and bristly, later up to 30, + dense, 9 of these (FR 482b).
stouter, more centrally placed, stiff, pungent; those
on adult plants fairly stifif-acicular; Sp.dark brown N. coimasensisRitt.—“Taxon”, XII: 1, 34. 1963.
to black; FI. pinkish-red; Fr. greenish-pink; S. Bo. to 12 cm 0 ; R. napiform, small; Ri. 15-21,
matt black.—N. Chile. notched, with long chin-like Tub.; Ar. to 1 cm lg.,
5-12 mm apart; Sp. variable, greyish-yellow to
N. castaneaRitt.—“Taxon”, XII: 1, 34. 1963. dark grey; Rsp. 15-30, 1-4 cm lg., straight or
Bo. oblong, to 15 cm 0 ; Ri. 15-24, notched into curving; Csp.8-20, mostly curving, 2— 4(—7) cm lg.;
chin-like Tub.; Ar. to 14 mm lg., 1-1.5 cm apart; FI.purplish-pink, with some Br. above; Fr.red or
Sp.straight, chestnut-brown; Rsp. 10-14, rough, to yellowish; S. dark brown, very wrinkled.—Chile
15 mm lg.; Csp. 4-8, 15-30 mm lg., subulate; FI. (Prov. Aconcagua, Las Coimas) (FR 473).
purple; Tu. or Ov. and Fr.virtually without flock,
only sometimes with a few Br.; Fr. red; S. dark N. coquimbana Ritt. (FR 218): see Neoporteria
brown, finely tuberculate.—Chile (Prov. Talca, nigrihorridav. coquimbana Ritt.
near Villa Prat) (FR 236).
v. tunensisRitt.—“Taxon”, XII: 1, 34. 1963: Sp. N. crassispina Ritt. (FR 481): see Neoporteria
rather longer, weaker, more tufted; S. less nigrihorrida v. crassispina Ritt. (or v. major
finely tuberculate.—Chile (Tuna, near San [Backbg.] Backbg.).
Fernando) (FR 236a).
N. curvispina v. variicolor Hutch, (undescribed?):
N. castaneoides(Cels) Werd. probably identical with Horridocactus curvispinus
Bo. spherical, later oblong, greyish-green; Ri. (Bert.) Backbg.
15-20, acutely furrowed; Ar. thickly white-felty at
first; Rsp.to 20, to c. 1.8 cm lg., crowded; Csp.to 6, N. densispina (Backbg.) Y. Ito: with very dense
rather longer, erect; Sp. concolorous light golden- light Br., resembling Neoporteria nidus (Sohr.) Br.
yellow to golden-brown; FI. carmine-pink, white & R., or possibly referable there.
below; Fr. reddish-green to faintly pink.—Chile
(neighbourhood of Copiapo). N. exsculpta (O.) Borg: Neoporteria subgibbosa
(Haw.) Br. & R.
N. cephalophora(Backbg.) Backbg. N. fobeana (Mieckl.) Backbg.: Neoehileniafobeana
Bo.dwarf, subspherical, fresh green; R. napiform, (Mieckl.) Backbg.
not strongly constricted; Ri. at first in spiralled
Tub.; Ar. small; Sp. short, hair-like, to 1.2 cm lg., N. fusca (Miihlpf.) Br. & R.: Neoehilenia fusca
+ tuft-like above, + light yellow to whitish; FI. (Miihlpf.) Backbg.
(acc. Simo) smaller than that of any other
Neoporteria.—N. Chile (coast). N. gerocephalaY. Ito
Bo. remaining + spherical, sometimes later
N. chilensis (Hildm.) Br. & R .: Neoehilenia elongated but not strongly cylindric; Ri. tuber­
chilensis(Hildm.) Backbg. culate, Tub. prominent; Sp. numerous, thick and
bristly, soft, tangled and densely interlacing, white
N. clavata(Sohr.) Werd. to blackish, all soon white; FI. c. 5 cm lg.; Tu.
Bo.spherical, becoming columnar, to 1.5 m h., light long.—Chile (neighbourhood of Ovalle). (Fig.
green, soon grey; Ri. to 10, straight, + obliquely 268.)
notched; Ar. elliptic, with much whitish-grey felt; Distinguished from N. nidus by the larger FI.
Rsp. 5-7, to 3 cm lg., very stout, subulate, straight N. multicolor Ritt., described by Ritter (“Taxon”,
to ± curving, spreading horizontally; Csp. 1, XII: 1, 33. 1963) as a distinct species, but with no
straight, porrect or pressed downwards, rather mention of FI.-size, must be referred here. The FI. is
longer; FI.red.—Chile (Fig. 267.) as large as in the preceding spec., with white flock
v. proceraRitt.—“Taxon”, XII: 1, 34. 1963: Bo. and Br. The FI. of N. nidus is only half as long, but
tall; R. not napiform; Ar.smaller, more distant; the variability of spination and spine-colour
Sp. thinner, shorter; FI. smaller; Tu. with less matches Ritter’s description of N. multicolor, i.e.
337
NEOPORTERIA

the colour ranges from white to yellowish, brown­ scarcely differentiated, 4 lower ones cruciform,
ish, reddish-brown to black, just as in N. nidus. stoutly subulate, several thinner and thicker ones
The locality (“neighbourhood of Ovalle’’) was on the Ar.-margin, variable in thickness and length,
imprecise. Ritter states “vicinity of Coquimbo (FR sometimes rather curving, thickened below, whit­
243)“. ish to reddish-brown; all Sp. robust, fierce; FI.to 6
cm lg., probably the largest in the genus; Tu.stout,
N. heteracantha(Backbg.) Backbg. somewhat channelled.—Chile (Estancia Frai
Bo.flattened-spherical, to 11 cm 0, dark green ; Ri. Jorge).
c. 19, weakly tuberculate; Rsp. c. 20, to c. 2.2 cm
lg. ; Csp. c. 6, to 4.5 cm Ig. ; Sp. crowded, brush­ N. microsperma Ritt.—Succulenta, 42: 1, 6. 1963.
like, slightly curving, stiff-bristly, dirty white to Bo. becoming oblong; Ri. less strongly notched,
brownish-grey ; Fi.carmine-pink, white below; Fr. forming a small chin-like projection; Ar. 3-5 mm
small, red.—N. Chile. apart; Sp. dense, ± curving, black at first, Csp.
only developing later above; Tu. longer, rather
N. jussieui (Monv.) Br. & R.:Neochileniajussieui bristly; S. smaller.—N. Chile (15 km E. of La
(Monv.) Backbg. Serena) (FR 535). Acc. Ritter, the data record the
differences from N. wagenknechtii.
N. kesselringiana (Dòlz) Hutch.: Horridocactus v. serenana Ritt.—1. c.: Bo. larger; Ri. broader,
kesselringianusDòlz. higher; Ar. larger; Sp. stouter.—Same locality
(FR 716a).
N. kunzei (Fòrst.) Backbg.: Neochilenia kunzei
(Fòrst.) Backbg. N. multicolor Ritt. (FR 243), not described: “Sp.
dense, curly, concealing the Bo., yellow to whitish
N. lanicepsRitt. 1963 or chestnut-brown.” Cannot be segregated from
Bo. green or brown, 3-4 cm 0, later to 20 cm lg., Neoporteria gerocephala Y. Ito; FI. of the same
firm, crown sunken; R. large, napiform; Ri.at first size.
strongly tuberculate, later 13-17, spiralled, deeply
notched. Tub. c. 2 mm br. ; Ar. sunken, white-felty, N. napina (Phil.) Backbg. and v. spinosior
2-4 mm lg., c. 2 mm br., 3-5 mm apart; Sp. hair­ Backbg.: Neochilenianapina(Phil.) Backbg. and v.
like, sometimes stouter, + curving and bent ; Csp. spinosior(Backbg.) Backbg.
brown to black, coarser than the Rsp., 2-4 cm lg. ;
Rsp. little shorter, lighter to grey, projecting, N. napina v. lanigera Hutch.: Neochilenia spec,
20-50; FI. apical, 28 mm lg., slender-funnelform, (close to N. eriocephala?).
Cor. 2 cm 0 , remaining open day and night for
several days, unperfumed, reddish outside, with N. nidus(Sohr.)Br.&R.
several small acute red Sc., these with axillary white Bo. spherical, later clavate-cylindric; Ri.to 18; Sp.
flocky wool and hair-like yellowish twisted Br.; scarcely differentiated, to 3 cm lg. (and more), ±
style white, 21 mm lg., with 7 Sti.;Fr. intense bristly to stiffer, often straight and lax, mosth
carmine, 12 mm lg., 7 mm thick; S. round, matt densely interlacing, variable also in colour from
black.—N. Chile (Totora Bajo). whitish to yellowish or darker to blackish, es­
Related to N. villosa. Because of a printer’s error, pecially the centrals; FI. only c. 3 cm lg.—Chile
the name was incorrectly given as N. planiceps. (neighbourhood of Ovalle). Distinguished from N
gerocephala by the considerably smaller FI.
N. litoralisRitt.
Bo. hemispherical, later columnar, 3-8 cm 0, N. nigrihorrida(Backbg.) Backbg.
grass-green; Ri. 14-21, strongly divided into Tub. ; Bo. spherical, later moderately elongated, matt
Ar. oval, with whitish to yellowish felt; Rsp. c. 30, dark greyish-green; Ri. to 18, divided into acute
O. 75-2 cm lg., hair-like, radiating ; Csp. 8-12, 1.5-3 chin-like Tub.; Rsp. c. 16, to 1.5 cm lg., radiating
cm lg., spreading, straight or slightly curving; Sp. sideways, interlacing, stiff; Csp. 6-7, to 3 cm lg..
variable in colour, yellowish-white to yellowish- very stout, pungent, subulate; Sp. pitch-black at
brown, brown, to blackish; FI. to 2.75 cm lg., first, then dirty silvery-grey; FI. 4 cm lg., light
carmine-pink; Fr. 2 cm lg., carmine.—Chile carmine, white below; Fr. reddish-green.—Chile
(Coquimbo, along the shore). (FR 219.) (S. of Coquimbo).
v. coquimbana Ritt., not described, earlier called
N. mamillarioides(Hook.) Backbg. N. coquimbana; probably only a form of N
Bo. eventually long-cylindric, to c. 10 cm 0 , light nigrihorrida;
to greyish-green; Ri.to over 15, divided into stout v. crassispina Ritt., not described; probably N.
oblong Tub.; Ar. oval, large, thickly felty; Sp. nigrihorridav. major (Backbg.) Backbg.;
338
 NEOPORTERIA

v. major (Backbg.) Backbg.; Ri. c. 13, more brown, soon white; Csp. 8-16, 2-7 cm lg.,
strongly thickened around the Ar.; Ar. larger; subulate, brown to almost black; FI. purple, with
Rsp. c. 18, to 2 cm lg., projecting and then white flock and Br.; S. dark brown, very
curving to the Bo.; Csp. c. 10, very coarse, bent wrinkled.—Chile (Prov. Santiago, E. of
upwards at the tip; Sp. dark grey, quite black Montenegro) (FR 473c).
when moist;
V. minor (Backbg.) Backbg.: Bo. smaller, more N. senilis (Phil.) Backbg.: Neoporteria gerocephala
flattened-spherical at first; Rsp.c. 16,to 1cm lg., Y. Ito.
thinner; Csp. 8,to 1.8cm lg.
N. sociabilisRitt.—Succulenta, 42: 1, 3. 1963.
N occulta (Phil.) Br. & R.: Neochilenia occulta Bo.oblong, to 8 cm 0 , not taprooted; Ri.13-21, to
iPhil.) Backbg. 1.5 cm h., narrow, tuberculate; Ar. to 1 cm lg., 6
mm br., 5-10 mm apart; Sp.acicular, straight, dark
N. odieri (Lem.) Berg, and v. mebbesii (Hildm.) grey; Rsp. 16-20, to 2 cm lg.; Csp.7-14, to 3cm lg.;
Backbg.: Neochilenia odieri (Lem.) Backbg. or FI. to 3.3 cm lg., purple, bordered white; Sep.
Neochileniamebbesii(Hildm.) Backbg. recurved; Fr.pale red, oblong;S.1.3 mm lg., with a
minute hilum.—N. Chile (Totoral Bajo) (FR 655).
N. planicepsRitt.—“Taxon”, XII. 1, 34. 1963. v. napina Ritt.—1. c.: R. napiform, with a neck­
Bo. to 20 cm lg., to 40 cm 0 ; R. napiform, large, like constriction; Ri. 11-18; nectarynot reddish
•ellow, constricted above; Ri. at first tuberculate, below (as in the type); Fil.white (pale purple in
ater notched, 13-17, Tub. flattened above and the type) (FR 655a).
- inn-shaped; Ar.to 4 mm lg., to 5 mm apart, white;
Sp.25-50, hair-like, curving or curly; Csp. 2-4 cm N. subcylindrica(Backbg.) Backbg.
.r . brown or dark, radials lighter; FI. 2.8 cm lg., Bo. soon becoming cylindric, dark green; Ri. 16,
;armine;Tu.with white flock and several soft hair- narrow; Rsp. thin, interlacing sideways; Csp. 6,
ke yellowish Br.; stylewhite; Sti.pale yellow; Fr. irregularly arranged, confused and interlacing,
-•eaker-shaped, indumentum as the Tu.; S. black­ dark brown, becoming straw and later grey.—
ish. very wrinkled.—N. Chile (Tororal Bajo, rare) Chile.
FR 483). [Haage adds: Ritter says this name is a
misprint and should correctly be “laniceps”.] N. subgibbosa(Haw.) Br. & R. (T.)
Bo.spherical, later to 1m lg. and more, to 10 cm 0 ,
N. polyrhaphis(Pfeiff.) Backbg. light then greyish-green; Ri.to 20, + compressed,
Bo.eventually elongated, dark greyish-green; Ri.c. fairly tuberculate;Ar. large, white-woolly at first;
16: Sp. numerous, scarcely differentiated, bristly- Rsp. c. 24, stout, directed sideways; Csp. 4, stiffly
thin in the apex, eventually firmer, stouter, subulate; Sp. light amber, later darker, with a
Tangent, erect, but also interspersed with others lighter base, sometimes + reddish-brown; FI. c. 4
which are bristly, centrals brown; Fl.-data cm lg., carmine-pink.—Chile (near Valparaiso),
insufficiently clarified, and since the plant is v. intermedia Ritt., not described: later regarded
scarcely represented nowadays in collections, its by Ritter as a variety of N. litoralis (just as with
relationship to Neoporteria must remain open.— N. procera v. serenana, which he later described
Chile. as a variety of N. microsperma). I give the name
here because I am in doubt as to where it should
N procera Ritt.: Neoporteria clavata v. procera correctly be placed, or whether it is indeed a good
Rjtt. (FR716). variety, because Ritter’s fairly frequent name-
changes make it difficult to reach a final
N. rapifera Ritt. (FR 714), not described: Bo. ± judgment.
spherical, green, with numerous fine Sp.; or dark
green, with fewer stouter Sp.; according to the N. taltalensis Hutch.: Neochilenia taltalensis
name, the R. must be napiform; Sp. mostly (Hutch.) Backbg.
curving, yellow at first below, then ± orange,
vpped dark brown to black, or sometimes light N. thiebautiana (Backbg.) Y. Ito, with firm black
rrown in the case of the lighter green plants; Rsp. Sp. curving upwards, is probably only a form of
to 10-20, also several Csp.; FI.pinkish-red.—Chile. Neoporterianidus(Sohr.) Br. & R.
N.robustaRitt.—“Taxon”, XII. 1, 34. 1963. N.villosa(Monv.) Berg.
Bo. 8-15 cm 0 , oblong; R. not napiform; Ri. Bo.eventually oblong to cylindric, to c. 15 cm h., 8
i 3-18, with short Tub.; Ar. to 15 mm lg., to 1 cm cm 0 , greyish-green, later suffused violet to
apart; Rsp. 15-22, 1.5-4 cm lg., acicular, pale blackish; Ri. 13-15, divided into oblong-rounded
339
NEOPORTERIA—NEORAIMONDIA

and chin-like Tub.; Ar. ± strongly white-felty to The spherical to oblong fruit has round brown
woolly; Sp.scarcely differentiated, numerous, hair­ cushions of felt, and short spines. This genus,
like to fine-bristly, lighter or darker or blackish, together with Corryocactus brevistylus, has the
especially the 4 rather stouter, more central Sp. to 3 longest spines known in the Cactaceae. The seeds
cm lg., sometimes mingled with sulphur-yellow + are matt black and finely pitted.—Distribution:
bent hair-like Sp.; FI. c. 2 cm lg., white inside from N. Peru to N. Chile. (Fig. 271.)
below.—Chile (vicinity of Huasco). Neocardenasia Backbg. is sometimes referred here,
despite the considerable differences; see under that
N. villosa v. polyrhaphis (Pfeiff.) Borg: Neopor- generic name.
teriapolyrhaphis(Pfeiff.) Backbg.
N. arequipensis(Meyen) Backbg. (T)
N. wagenknechtii Ritt.—Succulenta, 42: 1, 5. 1963. Bo. greyish-green, to 10 m h., trunk to 40 cm 0 ;
Bo. to 30 cm h., to 11 cm 0 , greyish-green; R. not branchessomewhat bent below, then ascending and
napiform; Ri. 11-17, very obtuse, with chin-like parallel, 20 cm 0 and more; Ri. 8; Ar. at first to 2
projections; Ar.6-13 mm lg., to 7 mmbr., 5-10 mm cm 0 , later elongating to form a ± spherical or
apart, grey or brownish; Sp. acicular; Rsp. 10-14, cylindric short shoot; Sp. irregularly 1-2-4—7,
to 2.5 cm lg., straight, dark grey; Csp. 3-6, 2-3 cm terete, subulate, very flexible, scarcely pungent, to
lg., greyish-brown; FI. 2.2 cm lg., purple, with 25 cm lg.; FI.greenish-white; Fr.c. 7 cm lg., purple
slighter white felt, Br. missing (always ?); Fil.white; outside and in, the felt-cushions and Sp. dropped at
style white below, red or brownish above; Fr. maturity.—Peru (S. of Mollendo to the Nazca and
barrel-shaped, green or reddish; S. brown.—N. Puquio valleys).
Chile (N. of La Serena, Juan Soldado). If Br. are v. rhodantha Rauh & Backbg.: Bo. to c. 5 m h..
missing(?), and given the complete uniformity of fresh green; Ri.mostly 7; branches30^-0 cm 0 :
the other floral characters of colour and con­ Ar. with brownish wool, especially in the apex:
struction, then this factor is of as little significance FI. pinkish-red, 4.5-5 cm lg.—S. Peru (around
in Neoporteria as in Parodia, but the typically very Arequipa); v. riomajensis Rauh & Backbg.:
bristly flowers of Neochilenia must be segregated differentiated from v. rhodantha by the lower
from those of Reicheocactus, in which bristles are Ri.-count, 4—6; FI. light carmine.—S. Peru (Rio
lacking, in order to avoid confusion such as had Majes).
earlier arisen between Neochilenia reichei and
Reicheocactus pseudoreicheanus. Generic segre­ N. aticensisRaugh & Backbg.
gation cannot always be completely uniform, but Bo. to 4 m h. and more; branches not parallel but
must be adapted to the facts of any particular ascending and somewhat diverging, sometimes
situation. (FR 715). tapering above; Ri.(6— )7(—8); FI. ?—S. Peru (near
v. napina Ritt.—1. c.: R. large, napiform, with a Atico). (Fig. 269.) Distinguished from the other
constricted neck; Sp.longer, curving; FI.larger; spec, by the more spreading habit and the tapering
Tu. with some white Br.(!).—N. Chile, moun­ branches.
tains of Choros Bajos, N. of La Serena) (FR
714).
Comparison of the Br.-development shows clearly N. gigantea(Werd. & Backbg.) Backbg.
that reduction has occurred in the type of the Bo.to 8 m h.; brancheserect and closely spaced; Ri.
species, and regard for this fact is an essential aid to mostly 4(—5); Ar. very crowded, flowering ones ±
classification. conically elongated; FI.and Fr. purplish-red.—N.
Peru (W. of Morropon; near Yequetepeque). (Fig.
270.)
Neoraimondia Br. & R. (55) v. saniensisRauh & Backbg.: Bo. only c. 4 m h.:
branchesbroader, laxer, but parallel and ascend­
Robust cerei, medium-tall to very tall, branching ing; Ri. 4-5; Fi. light wine-red.—N. Peru (Rio
from the base, branches mostly erect and Sana valley).
candelabra-shaped, stout and few-ribbed, of ±
divergent habit in only one species. When flowering N. macrostibas (K. Sch.) Br. & R.: Neoraimondia
is reached, remarkable short shoots are developed, arequipensis(Meyen) Backbg.
these being densely felty, rounded or cylindric,
rarely spiny and then only on older shoots; from N. macrostibas v. gigantea (Werd. & Backbg.)
these shoots 2 diurnal flowers may arise simul­ Backbg.: Neoraimondia gigantea (Werd. &
taneously ; these are rather shortly funnelform, the Backbg.) Backbg.
tube is shortly hairy, the hairs intermingled in the
lower part with at most some inconspicuous spines. N. macrostibas v. rosiflora (Werd. & Backbg.)
340
 NEORAIMONDIA—NOPALEA

i —kbg.: Neoraimondia roseiflora (Werd. & (Backbg.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 15.
9 —kbg.) Backbg. 1963.
Bo. dark bluish-green, often suffused slightly
roseiflora(Werd. & Backbg.) Backbg. brownish or reddish; R. napiform, tapering; Ri.c.
B*. to only c. 2 m h. ;branches thick, + curving 15, narrow, Tub. narrow, long; Rsp. c. 20, 0.8-2.2
bdow, ascending and parallel; Ri. mostly 5; Ar. cm lg„ radiating, flexible, mostly straight, rarely ±
: lerical or oblong when flowering age is reached; curving or bent, at most one lower longer Sp.,
FI light pinkish-red, M.-stripe dark.—Central blackish or violet-brown, the remainder pinkish-
: eru (near Chosica and in the Pisco valley), grey to darker; Csp. 1,straight, stiff, erect, never
v sayanensis Ritt., undescribed: a very short- hooked, blackish to violet-brown; Sp. sometimes
spined form or variety. all lighter, shorter at first, Rsp. later sometimes
interlacing; FI.white.—N. Chile (Ticnamar).
Neotanahashia Y. Ito, or Neotanahashia reichei Y.
non K. Sch.: Reicheoeactus Backbg., or
RricheocactuspseudoreicheanusBackbg. N. peruviana Ritt. & Krainz, not described:
Weingartiachilensis(Backbg.) Backbg.

Neowerdermannia Fric ( 119): N. vorwerkii Fric—Weingartia vorwerkii (Fric)

A eingartia Werd. Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 15. 1963, sim­
ilarly the varieties:
Small globose cacti with an edible thick fleshy Bo. broadly to flattened-spherical, passing over
.-root, without any neck-like constriction. Ribs into the tapering R., scarcely rising above the soil;
r strongly divided into tubercles which are Ri. 16 and more, divided into acute, chin-like,
—etimes chin-like, the areoles then being sunken. spiralled Tub.; Ar. in the depressions between the
"e main spines are + curving or sometimes even Tub.; Sp. to c. 10, to 1.5 cm lg., bent sideways and
: >:ed, especially in juvenile plants of the one ± projecting or + appressed, 1 directed upwards,
Chilean species (which appears to have a distri- 1downwards, to c. 4 cm lg., ± strongly bent above;
-oiion extending as far as S. Peru). Flowers FI. white, with a light lilac-pink stripe.—N.
relatively small, white or lilac-pink, with a short Argentina to N. Bolivia.
-be and glabrous. The small fruits are also v. erectispina Hoffm. & Backbg.: Tub. more
.Librous and contain very few seeds. Several slender; Sp.long, erect, crowded and projecting,
S :were have been observed to arise simultaneously often + wavy or twisted, thinner than in the
■ m one areole. On the basis of these characters, type, the lowest one longest, sometimes more
Neowerdermannia cannot be separated from the strongly bent above, all fairly weak.—Bolivia
joius Weingartia, and the two specific names must (near Viacha);
be recombined, to be known as Weingartia v. gielsdorfianaBackbg.: Bo. mostly smaller than
-'.lensis (Backbg.) and Weingartia vorwerkii in the type; Tub. more rounded; Sp.shorter; FL
Fric), the latter including v. erectispina (Hoffm. & light violet to white.—N. Bolivia.
r-ckbg.) and v. gielsdorfiana (Backbg.). In any In view of the new combination with Weingartia,
event this name-change is better founded than the citations for the above two varieties are
- _:chison’s inclusion of Weingartia in Gymnoca- correctly: v. erectispina (Hoffm. & Backbg.)
rium. I have listed the genus separately here Backbg., and v. gielsdorfiana(Backbg.) Backbg., in
because the name is still in common use, even accordance with the amendments published in
i-ihough it cannot be justified. In my handbook Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 16. 1963.
Die Cact.”, Ill: 1795,1959,1drew attention to the
act that the species of this genus are more Nichelia Bull.: NeochileniaBackbg.
.-rropriately referred to Weingartia; Dr. Simo
- infirmed this in 1963 in the monthly journal of the
jes. Oesterr. Kakteenfreunde, VII :1. Nopaiea SD. (18)
because of this, the following Neowerdermannia-
a tines will be followed by the names under the new Bushy to almost tree-like plants, resembling
- rmbination which should in future be regarded as Opuntia, with glochids, the leaves small and soon
• d. Distribution (in general as for Weingartia): dropping. The shoots are flattened, fleshy and often
' ■ Argentina, Bolivian highlands to those of N. narrow; spines without sheaths are produced
c:!e and neighbouring S. Peru. [(R); grafting is singly or in clusters. The flowers are + ted and
^commended. Prone to attack by woodlice.] borne on the margins, the petals are erect and
connivent, with the filaments projecting and the
N chilensis Backbg.—Weingartia chilensis style mostly quite strongly thickened below. The
341
NOPALEA—NOPALXOCHIA

tuberculate ovary is predominantly spineless, the bluish-green; Ar.numerous, shortly white-woolly;

fruit mostly similarly; the latter is a juicy red Sp. 5-8, longest ones to 3 cm lg., unequal, thin,
berry.— Distribution: from Mexico to Panama. acicular at least on new growth, white or pink; FI.
[(R)] only 5-6 cm lg., red; Fr.to 5 cm lg., without longer
Glo.—Guatemala (near El Rancho).
N. angustifrons Lindbg.: Nopalea dejecta (SD.) N. inapertaSchott
SD. Bo. to 7 m h., often bush-like; trunk very spiny;
branches ± ovoid, 6-17 cm lg., very tuberculate,
N. auberi(Pfeiff.) SD. glossy, green; Sp. 4-12, usually 3-6 at first, to 2 cm
Bo. to 10 m h., with a cylindric trunk; branches lg., yellowish-brown; FI.only 4cm lg.; Fr.c. 1.5 cm
often placed at right angles, sparsely spiny, bluish- lg.— Mexico (Yucatan).
green, + frosted; Ar. round, with short wool and
later brown Glo. ;SP.o, or 1-2, subulate, the longer
upper one to 3 cm lg„ the lower one only half as N. karwinskiana(SD.) K. Sch.
long, whitish, tipped brownish; FI. c. 9 cm lg., Bo. to 2 m h., sometimes more, with a branching,
pinkish-red; Ov.with noticeable but low Tub., with spiny trunk; branches oblong, 15-30 cm lg., light
numerous Glo. in the Ar., to 1cm lg.—Central and matt green, faintly frosted; Sp. 3-7, 1-2 cm lg.,
S. Mexico. spreading, pale yellow to ± white; Glo.numerous,
yellow; FI.to 12 cm lg., red.— Mexico.
N. cochenillifera(L.)SD. (T.)
Bo. often 3-4 m h., trunk to 20 cm 0 ; branches N. luteaRose
oblong, ascending or spreading, to 50 cm lg., ± Bo. to 5 m h., with a short trunk; branches
light green at first, spineless or with only minute Sp. spreading, + ovoid, elliptic or oblong, pale green,
on old shoots; Glo. numerous, soon dropping; FI. slightly frosted, 6-12 cm lg., to 3 cm br.; Ar.large,
c. 5.5 cm lg., scarlet; Ov.with long, lozenge-shaped shortly brown-woolly ;Sp.to4cmlg., weak, acicular
Tub. and many Glo.—^ Tropical Central America or bristly, yellow, becoming brown; FI. 5 cm lg.;
and Jamaica (its true homeland?). Ov. with many Ar. with yellow Glo.; Fr. c. 4 cm
lg.—Guatemala (near El Rancho), Elonduras and
N. dejecta(SD.)SD. Nicaragua. Sometimes more bush-like in habit.
Bo.to 2 m h„ bushy at first, later forming a trunk;
branches linear-oblong, often arching over, to 15 N. moniliformis K. Sch.: Consolea moniliformis
cm lg., only moderately thick, light green even (L.) Britt.
when old, very spiny; Sp.6-8 from old Ar., mostly
only 2, to 4 cm lg., spreading, pale yellow or N. nuda Backbg.
reddish, later grey; FI. c. 5 cm lg., dark red.— Bo. to only c. 80 cm h., shrubby, primary shoots
Panama? later subterete, becoming corky; branchesc. 12 cm
lg., 5 cm br., rounded above, tapering below,
N. escuintlensisMatuda weakly tuberculate, deep leaf-green; Ar.with white
Bo. to 1.3 m h., bushy; branches squarrose, erect, to light brownish felt; Sp. absent; FI.c. 3.5 cm lg.,
obovoid or + circular, tapering below, 15-20 cm light carmine; Ov. spherical; Fr.broadly spherical,
lg., to 10 cm br., dark green; Ar. yellowish-felty; 2 cm 0 , dark violet.—Mexico(?). (Fig. 272.)
Glo. later numerous; Sp. 1-3, to 2.5 cm lg.,
yellowish-white; FI. 8-11 cm lg., yellowish to
scarlet; Ov. tuberculate, spineless, very slender- Nopalxochia Br. & R. (38)
clavate; Fr. 5-7 cm lg.—Mexico (Chiapas, Rio
Cintalapa, near Escuintla). Epiphytic plants with flat shoots, or with small
terete stem-like sections, the leaf-like segments with
N. gaumeriBr. & R. ladder-like notches. The fairly large diurnal flowers
Bo. to 3 m h., freely branching; branches linear- are pink or mid-red and open funnelform; the
oblong to + lanceolate, only 6-12 cm lg., to 3 cm species with pink flowers has a second inner series
br.; Sp. 4-12, very dissimilar, 0.5-2 cm lg., fairly of petals which are + connivent. The glabrous and
stout, often ± backwardly curving; FI. only 4 cm spineless tube and ovary are set with narrow scales
lg.; Fr. with numerous Ar., spiny, with yellow which, in the bud-stage, are at first noticeably
Glo.—Mexico (Yucatan, near Sisal). recurved. N. phyllanthoides, because of the slow
development from attractive bud to fully open
N. guatemalensisRose flower, is particularly attractive; it sometimes has a
Bo. 5-7 m h., tree-like, often branching from close second flowering season in the year, with numerous
to the base; branchesovoid to oblong, to 20 cm lg., blossoms in the main season; both it and the second
342
 N O PA L X O C H IA -N O TO C ACTUS

species have contributed to the development of The flowers are differentiated from Eriocactus by
many Epicactus cultivars. (Fig. 274*M Dis- the longer tube; in the latter, moreover, there is a
-.bution: Mexico (Chiapas; Oaxaca; Jalapaf?) development of apical wool such as never occurs in
and near riacolula[?]). [(R); only the second Notocactus, and the fruits are dissimilar. For
-pecies should be kept outdoors in summer; in cool reasons which are far from apparent, Brasilicactus
veather both species tend to mark.] is also sometimes included in Notocactus, although
the small flowers and fruits of the former are more
N.ackermannii(Haw.) Knuth strongly spiny and thus clearly differentiated from
Bo. arching over, without long stem-like sections; those of Notocactus—in fact unique among the
brancheslanceolate, with sinuate notches, ± weak, spherical cacti of S. America.—Distribution: from
more leaf-green; FI.large, rather lax, mid-red; Tu. N. to southern central and E. Argentina, through
•lender, angular, furrowed, with reddish projecting Uruguay, to S. Brazil. [(R); grafting speeds growth
Sc.—Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca). and produces more FI.]
One form has more fleshy branches, while those of
another form are thinner, and FI.-colour varies N. acutus v. depressus (FR 1377): rather dwarf
Tom deeper mid-red to bluish-red to more orange- plant; no description available.
red; Fil. red above, 'whitish to greenish below,
.hroat similarly (acc. colour photos by Buchenau). N. allosiphonMarchesi
Bo. spherical, dull green, 11-13 cm 0 , 8—12 cm h.,
N conzattianum T. M. MacDoug.; Pseudonopal- crown slightly sunken; Ri. 15-16, straight, 1.8-2.3
xochiaconzattianum(T. M. MacDoug.) Backbg. cm br., flanks flat to concave; Tub. rounded,
sometimes + compressed laterally, 2-3 mm h.; Ar.
N. phyllanthoides(DC.) Br.& R. (T.) 7- 9 mm apart, in depressions between the Tub.;
Bo. arching over, with long “stems” ; branches Rsp, shorter and thinner than the centrals but
inceolate, tapering, with flat step-like notches, otherwise very similar; Csp. 4, upper one erect,
with distinct median and secondary veins, darker bottom one appressed against the Tub., 2 laterals
greyish-green; FI.c. 10 cm lg., pink, light pinkish- thin, acute, dark red, later greying, tipped blackish,
red inside; Tu. short, with red Sc.—Mexico 9-19 mm lg.; FI.pale yellow, numerous, subapical,
Jalapa?; Tlacolula; Puebla, Rio Acapulco). (Fig. 5.5 cm lg. and 5 cm 0 , densely covered with
273.) There is a well-known cultivar, “Deutsche appressed wool, greyish to chestnut-brown and
Kaiserin”. Acc. Bornemann, this was a cross white below, with pale flesh-coloured Sc. 2-2.5 mm
between Epiphyllum ackermannii hybridus (seed- lg., also blackish-brown Br. 10 mm lg., 13 mm lg.
parent), and Nopalxochia phyllanthoides; FI. with above; Sep. with a pink M.-line on the underside;
out Br.; first introduced to the trade by the Berlin Pet. oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, rounded above,
nurseryman Kohlmannslehner under the above 8- 11 mm br.; Tu. funnelform, only 12-14 mm lg.;
cultivar-name. Other crosses have ± spiny Tu. or Fil.light cream; Sti.purple, 11-13; stylewhite; S.
Ov. and Fr., in other words, characters of flattened-spherical, black, densely tuberculate.—
Pseudonopalxochia (see the latter). Uruguay (Rivera, Valle Ar. Platon).
N. apricus(Ar.) Berg. (2)
Notocactus (K. Sch.) Berg, emend. Bo.caespitose, broadly spherical, light green; Ri.to
Backbg. (I ll ) 20, slightly tuberculate, low; Ar. 3-4 mm apart;
Rsp. 18-20, bristly, bent, + interlacing sideways,
Globose to shortly columnar, + caespitose plants, yellowish-grey; Csp. 4, to 1.5 cm lg., 1 often bent
the flowers predominantly yellow, rarely reddish; downwards, yellowish-grey to yellowish, reddish
stigmas, with very few exceptions, light reddish to below, + darker-tipped; FI. large, c. 8 cm lg.j
dark purple. Spination sometimes weak, less yellow; outer Pet. and Sep. sometimes reddish in
robust, mostly attractively coloured. ± variable. the middle; Tu. stout; stylesometimes red below,
Flowers usually large and conspicuous. I divide white above; Fil. yellow (uppers) and red (lower
them into the following subgenera on the basis of ones).—Uruguay. (Fig. 275.)
differences in the fruits: Very variable spec.; FI. 6-8 cm lg.; Pet. more
SG.l: Notocactus: fruits fleshy, dehiscing by a crowded or laxer, pointed or rather obtuse; Sp.
longitudinal tear; yellowish to + reddish; the Tu. can also be more
SG.2: Neonotocactus Backbg. ffruitselongating, slender.
thin-walled, flaccid, sometimes hollow
and disintegrating basally. N. arachnitesRitt.
The figure after each specific name indicates the Bo. simple, spherical, green, 4-9 cm 0 , crown
appropriate subgenus. The seeds are matt, black. spiny; Ri. 14-16, 3-6 mm h., slightly notched;-Ar.
343
NOTOCACTUS

round, white, 3-7 mm apart; Sp. thin, whitish- pericarpel with a few Sc. 2 mm lg., short white H.
brown, red when young; Rsp. 10-14; FI. c. 37 mm and sometimes a blackish-brown Br. 4 mm lg.; Sep.
lg., sulphur-yellow; Pet. lanceolate; Fil. lemon- and Pet.acute, spatulate, deep yellow; Fil. yellow;
yellow, 10 mm lg.; Fr. green; S. black, An. creamy-white; Sti. 8, purplish-red; Fr. to 12
hemispherical.—Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Serra mm lg., dehiscing laterally; S. cap-shaped, matt
do Herval). black,—Brazil (Paraná, N. of Ponto Grossa near
v. minor Ritt.: Bo. smaller, 3-5 cm 0 ; Ar. 2-3 Carambei at c. 1000 m, mostly on black rocks or
mm 0, 2-4 mm apart; Sp. thin, short; FI. same grassy slopes with a humus-rich soil, pFl 4—5).
size as the type; Sti. blackish-purple; Pet. Found by Horst and Buining, 1966. (Fig. 494.)
broader, less acute; S. rather larger.—Brazil
(Rio Grande do Sul, W. of St. Ana de Boa Vista). N. concinnus(Monv.) Berg. (2)
(FR 1395a.) Bo.usually simple, flattened-spherical, to 10 cm 0,
6 cm h., glossy, green, crown spineless; Ri. c. 18,
N. araneolarius (Reichb.) Hert.: “Csp. 5-7, very with low Tub.; Ar. 5-7 mm apart; Rsp. 10-12, to 7
short, purple, Rsp. 15-17, yellow, FI. not known'’: mm lg., bristly, thin, light yellow; Csp. 4, cruci­
a plant of unclarified status, from the Montevideo form, to 1.7 cm lg., + down-curving, lowest one
area. stoutest, yellowish or brownish; FI. c. 7 cm lg..
N. buenekeri (from Brazil): see Parodia buenekeri canary-yellow; Sti.red.—S. Brazil, Uruguay.
Buin. 1962.
N. concinnus v. joadii (Ar.) v. Osten & Y. Ito:
N. buiningii(SG. Malacocarpus) Buxb. Notocactus joadii (Hook.) Hert. (see the latter).
Bo.flattened-spherical, simple, to 8 cm h., 12 cm 0,
light grass-green*; crown lacking wool; Ri.c. 16, c. N. crassigibbusRitt. (FR 1394)
2 cm h., divided into thin acute Tub. projecting Bo. spherical, simple, green*, crown glabrous; Ri.
chin-like over the Ar. beneath; Ar. oblong at first, 10-15, obtuse, strongly tuberculate, 5-20 mm h.;
3-7 mm lg., white-woolly, soon glabrous; Sp. 4, Ar.set between the Tub., round, white, 2-8 mm 0,
cruciform, with Ssp., yellowish and glassy at the 8-15 mm apart; Sp. pale yellow, flexible, mostly
tip, thickened and dark brown below; FI.yellow, 7 bent; Rsp. 7-10, appressed, 10-25 mm lg.; Csp.
cm lg., 8 cm 0; Tu. with brown wool; Fil.yellow; mostly 1, directed downwards, 15— 30 mm lg.; FI.
style25 mm lg., with 9 red Sti.; S.bellshaped, with 50-60 mm lg.; Ov. strongly white-woolly, with a
a large hilum and matt black, finely tuberculate few thin Br.; Fil. pale golden-yellow, 10 mm lg.:
testa.—Uruguay (along the Brazilian frontier, near An. buttercup-yellow; stylepale yellow, 25 mm lg..
Livramento/Riviera, rare). Named for the late A. with 11 purple Sti.; Pet. sulphur-yellow, lan­
F. Buining, who discovered it during his 1966 ceolate; Fr.green, with white wool and yellow Br.;
expedition. (Fig. 493.) S. black, hemispherical.—Brazil (Rio Grande do
Sul, Lavras).
N. caespitosus (Speg.) Backbg.: characters largely
identical with those of Notocactus minimus Fric N. eremiticus (FR 1390): no description available.
& Krzgr., which has also been reported from
Uruguay. The latter may indeed be identical with N. floricomus(Ar.) Berg. (2)
this plant. Bo.eventually + columnar, to c. 30 cm h., c. 13 cm
O, crown depressed; Ri. c. 20, Tub. conical, ±
N. carambeiensisBuin. & Bred. crowded; Ar. weakly white-felty, close together;
Bo. spherical, later shortly cylindric, to 10 cm h., 8 Rsp. c. 20, ± firm, + projecting, whitish or grey,
cm 0 , dark matt green, offsetting from below, reddish below; Csp. .4-5, 2-2.5 cm lg., stouter,
crown woolly; Ri. 12-14, vertical, to 10 mm h., subulate, spreading, the middle one porrect, grey to
12-16 mm br. below; Ar. round to oval, woolly at lighter; FI. to 5 cm lg. and more, yellow; Sti.
first, later glabrous, to 10 mm apart; Sp. black to blackish-red.—Uruguay.
blackish-brown, later greyish-brown, dark-tipped; v. flavispinusBackbg.: Csp.pale yellow;
Rsp. 6-8, ± appressed, to 20 mm lg., sometimes v. rubrispinusBackbg.: Csp.brilliant red;
with one small Ssp.; Csp. 4, cruciform, lowest one v. spinosissimus Fric ex Buin.: Sp. scarcely
to 3 cm lg., laterals to 2.5 cm, upper one to 2 cm lg.; differentiated, dense, brown;
FI. 25 mm lg. and 0, deep yellow, ± bellshaped, *One o f th e distinctly "g y m nocalycioid” N o to c a c ti; Bo.
conspicuously glossy, deep green; FI. often larger th an
* T ra n s la to r’s n o te : th e p h o to g ra p h (493) m uch m ore stated (in one o f m y p lants to 100 m m ) an d m ore lem on-
accurately represents th e B o.-colour o f cu ltiv ated p lan ts; yellow th a n sulphur-yellow ; a m agnificent glossy FI.,
all th e p lan ts I have seen have been a m ost unusual light p ro b a b ly th e largest o f any N o to c ac tu s spec., rem aining
near-grey. A p p aren tly n o t self-fertile. open for 3 -4 days. N o t self-fertile. (T ran slato r.)

344
 NOTOCACTUS

velenovskyi (Fric ex Backbg.) Krainz: Sp. submammulosus (Lem.) Backbg.

ner: Rsp. more numerous, glossy, whitish; Ax.
at first noticeably woolly. Further varieties are listed by Y. Ito, but some of
these are synonyms while others are based on
IN luscus (FR 1379): name means “reddish- undescribed names.
*': wn”. Flabit reminiscent of a Neoporteria. (HU
ft 2!9.l N. megapotamicusOst. ex Hert. (2)
Bo. offsetting, eventually oblong, sap-green; Ri.
"* glaucinus (FR 1376a): v. gracilis (FR 1378 and 13-15, indistinctly tuberculate; Ar. woolly at first,
1426 *: and v. miniatispinus (FR 1376). to over 1cm apart; Rsp.toe. 13, c. 1.5(-1.7)cmlg.,
appressed, interlacing laterally, yellowish to red­
N giobularis (FR 1388). dish or darker at first; Csp. 3-4, to over 1.3 cm lg.,
blackish-brown at first; Sp. slightly rough, stoutly
s berteriWerd. (2) bristly, + twisted and curving, later greying; FI.c.
■*- spherical to ± elongated, to c. 15 cm 0 , pale 3 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , satiny, sulphur-yellow; Sti.
grser.. Ri. c. 22, strongly tuberculate; Tub. + pink.—S. Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul). Acc.
- meal; Ar. to 1.5 cm apart; Rsp. 8-11, acicular, Burning, a variety of N. ottonis) ?).
' : Qble, erect at first, later radiating; Csp. 4(— 6)1
t :s:ly cruciform, to 2 cm lg., stouter, subulate, N. minimus Fric & Krzgr. (2)
brownish-red, sometimes banded; FI. c. 4 cm lg., Bo. very small-cylindric; R. + napiform; Ri.
- -rplish-red; Sti.brownish-red.—Uruguay (Dept. 12-15, narrow; Rsp. 15-17, 4 of these directed
P- ‘era, Cerro Galgo). upwards, 6 towards each side, 1 downwards, still-
bristly, hyaline; Csp. 3(-4), 2 side ones bent
upwards, 1(— 2) projecting sideways, 5-6 mm lg.,
* h>pocrateriformis (O. & Dietr.) Hert.: probably sometimes bent upwards to ± hooked, brown; Sp.
:;~:ical with Notocactus mammulosus (Lem.) densely covering the Bo.; FI. to 2.7 cm lg., 4 cm 0 ,
Berg.
yellow, with white wool and reddish-brown Br.;
Sti.red.—Uruguay.
’* intricatus (Lk. & O.) Hert.: judging by all the Quite distinct from all other spec, because of the
. : -racters, this is probably a Wigginsia (FI. and Fr. occasionally hooked Sp. and the small, later
: known); possibly the earliest name of (Mal­ cylindric, habit (grafted plants have been noted to 8
ic.: carpus) Wigginsia arechavaletai (K. Sch. ex cm h.!). Ar. rather crowded.
Speg. i D. M. Port.
N. mueller-melchersiiFric ex Backbg. (2)
'* oadii (Hook.) Hert.: an unclarified spec. Bo. + elongated-spherical, c. 8 cm h., 6 cm 0 , matt
green; Ri. c. 22; Ar. c. 5 mm apart, white-felty at
'* :nkii (Lehm.) Hert.: Notocactusottonisv. linkii first; Rsp. 15-18, to 8 mm lg., finely acicular,
_ihm.) Berg. radiating sideways, yellowish-white; Csp. 1, to 2 cm
lg., subulate, pungent, directed + downwards,*
v maldonadensis (Hert.) Hert.: Wigginsiaarecha- light horn-coloured to yellowish, dark-tipped,
iktai (K. Sch. ex Speg.) D. M. Port, (see under reddish-brown below; FI. c. 3 cm lg., 5 cm 0 , pale
Malacocarpus). golden-yellow; Sti. pale carmine.—Uruguay
(Sierra de los Animos).
N mammulosus (Lem.) Berg. (2) v. gracilispinus Krainz: Csp. 2-3, shorter,
¡ater + elongated, to 10 cm h., 6 cm 0 , greyish sometimes 4, to 7 mm lg., often scarcely
: mid-green to darker; Ri. 18-20, with very differentiated; FI. rather smaller.
r r :minent chin-like Tub.; Ar. broad, to 6 mm
rt: Rsp. 10—13(—15), scarcely 5 mm lg., thin, N. mueller-moelleriFric (not validly described) (2)
dlowish-whitish, mostly brown at the tip and Bo.hemispherical, later oblong, dark green; Ri.22,
Csp. 3(—4), + subulate, longer, 1-1.4 cm lg., low, divided into rounded Tub.; Ar. white-felty,
: ater, yellow, brown-tipped; FI. to c. 4 cm lg., later almost 1cm apart; Rsp.c. 20, to 6 mm lg., fine,
:::>ngly white-woolly, with brown or black Br., appressed, radiating in all directions; Csp.to 4 and
. mary-yellow; Sti. purplish-red.—Argentina, then cruciform, to c. 5 mm lg., lowest one stouter,
Uruguay. subulate, reddish, pointing + downwards; the
■ pampeanus (Speg.) Cast. & Lelong: Noto­ stouter Sp. unusual in that they stand up erectly
cactus submammulosus v. pampeanus (Speg.) around the crown at first; FI.and Fr. ?—Uruguay.
Backbg.; A distinctive plant, probably close to N. mueller-
v. submammulosus (Lem.) Y. Ito: Notocactus melchersii.

345
NOTOCACTUS

N. muricatus(O.) Berg. (2) Sp. shorter, stouter, ± radiating; Csp. 4-6,

Bo. sometimes offsetting, ovoid to ± columnar, to stouter, erectly radiating, 1 often pointing +
20 cm and more has been reported, green; Ri, downwards;
16(—20); Tub. broad, flat; Ar. crowded; Rsp. v. uruguayus (Ar.) Berg.: Ri. 11, more broadly
10-14(-20), to 8 mm lg., bristle-like, spreading to tuberculate; Ar. more distant; Sp. spreading,
+ appressed, whitish; Csp. 1-4, to 1.3 cm lg., + spidery; Csp.0, or scarcely differentiated;
projecting, amber to whitish, 1 chestnut-brown to v. villa-velhensisBackbg. & Voll: Bo. yellowish-
ruby-red; FI. to c. 3 cm lg., sulphur-yellow; Sti. green, more caespitose; Ri.sometimes + spiral­
purplish-red. Descriptions by Pfeiffer, Riimpler led ; Tub. ± warty, prominent; Sp.yellow; Csp.
and K. Schumann differ as to length and colour of 0 to several, darker; FI.c. 3 cm lg.
the Sp„ size of the FI. and size and colour of the
Bo.—S. Brazil. N. oxycostatusBuin. & Bred.
Bo. simple or offsetting from the base, ±
N. ottonis(Lehrn.) Berg. (1) (T.) v. ottonis depressed-spherical at first, later spherical, to 9 cm
Bo. ± flattened-spherical, 5-11 cm 0 , deep green; h. and 0 , + greyish-green; Ri. 6-7, acute, 3.5-A
Ri. 8-12, rounded, weakly tuberculate; Ar. c. 1cm cm br. below, 2-2.2 cm h., often with an acute,
apart; Rsp. 10-18, acicular, yellow; Csp. (0-)3-4, chin-like or hatchet-shaped prominence between
to c. 2.5 cm lg., somewhat stouter, + reddish- the Ar.; Ar. + round, c. 7 mm 0 , very white-woolly
brown, lighter-tipped; FI. 4-6 cm lg., rather at first, later with greyish-white felt and finally
broader, deep glossy yellow; Sti. dark red.—S. glabrous, c. 1cm apart; Sp.reddish-brown, slightly
Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina. A very variable spec. glossy, flat, laxly twisted or curving, never straight:
The following varieties have been described: Rsp. 2 on either side and one directed downwards.
v. albispinus Backbg.: Ri. c. 13; Rsp. mostly 16-25 mm lg.; Csp. pointing straight down or
7(-9); Csp. mostly only 1, + brownish, soon variously directed, to 20 mm lg., also up to 8 small
whitish like the other Sp.;FI.c. 3 cm lg.;Sti.light Ssp.; FI. 5 cm lg., 4.5 cm 0 , bellshaped to
red; budswith longer Br. than the type; funnelform, yellow; Ov. 15 mm lg., with Sc. up to 3
v. arechavaletai(Speg.) Buin.: Ri.fewer than 10; mm lg., with Br. to 10 mm lg.; Sep. glossy yellow.
FI. to 8 cm 0 ; Sti.dark purple; 24 mm lg., spatulate, minutely notched at the tip:
v. brasiliensis(Hge. Jr.) Berg.: Rsp. more erect, Pet.glossy yellow, similarly shaped; Fil.yellowish-
yellowish-brown; Csp. shorter, straighter, brow­ white; An. 1.5 mm lg., yellow; style yellowish-
nish ; Pet. ± cordately notched; Sti.11. yellow; white, with 12 red, acutely tapering, papillose Sti.:
v. buenekeri: no further details available; at Fr.with yellowish-grey H. and reddish-brown Br..
present only a name of Ritter’s; S.cap-shaped, testa glossy, black, hilum ochreous.
v. elegans Backbg. & Voll: Tub. longer; Ar. Very floriferous.—S. Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, E.
somewhat more widely spaced; F’l. with laxer, of Sao Gabriel, in hilly terrain, among rocks and
very narrow, tapering Pet.; pampas grass under shrubs and brushwood, at c
v. linkii (Lehm.) Berg.: Ri. more numerous, 300 m). This outstanding spec, of the N. ottonis
narrower, more acute; Rsp. 9-10, white at first, complex was found by Horst and Burning in 1968.
later brown-tipped; Csp. smaller, blackish at at an isolated locality.
first, later brown; FI. c. 5 cm 0 ; Sti.purple;
v. megapotamicus (Ost. ex Hert.) Buin.: Noto- N. pampeanus (Speg.) Backbg.: Notocactus sub-
cactusmegapotamicusOst. ex. Hert.; mammulosus v. pampeanus (Speg.) Backbg.
v. multiflorusFric ex Buin.: Ri.acute; Sp.under 2
cm lg.; FI. under 2 cm 0 ; styleand Sti.orange; N. pseudoherteriBuin.
v. paraguayensis (Heese) Berg.: Ri. (or Tub.) Bo.flattened-spherical, green, c. 2Ocm0, 12cm h..
more acute; Sp. project, thin-acicular, redder; crown glabrous; R. fibrous; Ri.c. 26, tuberculate.
v. schuldtiiKrzgr.: Ri.fewer than 10; FI. to 10 cm 2-2.5 cm apart; Ar. 6-8 mm lg., 5-6 mm apart,
0 ; Sti.orange-yellow; white-woolly at first, soon glabrous, sunken in the
v. stenogonus Backbg.: Bo. to 8 cm h.; Ri.c. 10, Tub.; Sp. c. 14, dark brown at first, later greying,
narrower; Rsp. mostly 8, to c. 1cm lg., brownish arranged in 5 lateral pairs to 2.3 cm lg., ±
at first, later pale horn-coloured; Csp. mostly 3, appressed against the Bo. or ± erect, with one
to 1.2 cm lg.; FI. c. 2 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 ; Sti.light shorter and weaker Sp. above and below on the
red; buds noticeably weakly woolly, at first Ar.; Csp. 4, cruciform, rather stouter, bulboush
appearing + glabrous; thickened below, to 3 cm lg.; FI. to 5 cm lg. and
v. tenuispinus(Lk. & O.) Berg.: Sp.finer, bristly, 5-5.6 cm br. when fully open, self-fertile; pericarpel
lighter; Csp. unequal, ± twisted; FI. smaller, 6 mm lg., 5 mm br. inside; Sc.with brown wool and
paler; Fl.-indumentum slighter; one solitary black Br.; nectary 1-1.5 mm lg.; FiL
v. tortuosus(Lk. & O.) Berg.: Bo. ± dark green; colourless, in 2 R., 10 mm lg.; An. intense yellow.
346
 NOTOCACTUS

style with 12 purplish-red Sti.; Tu. with brown ing this; Rsp.4-6, radiating, whitish-yellowish, 6-7
i * ool and black Br.; Pet.pale yellow, lanceolate or mm lg., 2—4 directed downwards and sideways;
-roadly tapering; Fr. at first a soft red berry, Csp. 3-4, darker yellow, one pointed downwards,
: ‘linking at maturity, with floral remains persist­ all rather stouter and longer, especially the lowest
ing: S. roundish, rather larger than in N. herteri.— one; FI.c. 3 cm lg., 3-3.5 cm 0 , yellow; Tu. with
- ruguay (on the E. slopes of the Cochilla Negra, at lanceolate Sc., wool and white Br.; Sep.lanceolate,
150-200 m, among grasses, on open rocky sur­ M. -stripe + reddish; Pet.lemon-yellow, 15mmlg.,
faces). Discovered by Horst and Buining. (Name = 2 mm br.; stylec. 2 cm lg., with c. 10 white Sti.2 mm
false N. herteri”.) lg.; Fr. red, with floral remains; S. cap-shaped, 1
mm lg.—Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, on rocks near
V pulvinatus (SG. Malacocarpus) van Vliet Ana Rech). Found by H. Biineker of Corvo.
Bo. caespitose, forming groups to 50 cm across,
-igle St. spherical, to 15 cm 0 , crown covered N. roseoluteusvan Vliet
* ith white wool and Sp.; Ri. 14-24, acute, scarcely
Bo. spherical, to 18 cm 0 and h., coppery-green,
a .'tched, to 15 mm h., 20 mm br.; Ar. round. 4 mm crown covered with white wool which is pierced by
IC - to 18 mm apart, grey-felty; Sp.sharp, golden to the new Sp.; Ri. 15-18, triangular in section, with
pale brown; Rsp. 7-15, to 2 cm lg., lower ones noticeably round Tub, between the Ar.; Ar.
■ cutest; Csp. 1 to 2.5 cm lg., directed upwards at depressed, 5 mm 0 , 10 mm apart, round, with
st and later down; FI.funnelform, to 4 cm lg., 4.5 white wool, this soon.disappearing; Rsp. to c. 8, to
cm 0, apical, self-fertile; Tu. and Ov. densely 15 mm lg., mostly shorter, light brown, brown
.aolly; Sep. and Pet. lanceolate, lemon-yellow, below and at the tip; Csp.4, cruciform, sometimes
style light yellow, with 9 red Sti.;Fr. oblong, pale flattened, the stoutest one directed downwards, to 3
-ink to pale green, woolly; S. bellshaped, tuber- cm lg., coloured as the Rsp.; FI.bellshaped, to 8 cm
: -late, hilum white.—Uruguay (Cerro Largo, O. borne on new Ar. in the crown, glossy, light
imong grasses, on lichen-covered stones). Sp.- salmon-coloured, with a darker M.-stripe, light
c : lour exceedingly variable. Specific name = yellow below, with lilac to lilac-brown Sc. on the
: ushion-forming”.
outside; stylelight yellow, with 9 salmon Sti.; Fr.
berry-like, light green to light pink; S. cap­
V purpureusRitt.
shaped.—Uruguay (near Tranqueras). Van Vliet
Bo. spherical, later elongated to clavate, to 14 cm describes this spec, as a transitional form between
duck, often offsetting from the base; crown + N. mammulosus and N. herteri; in habitat it grows
repressed, woolly; Ri. 14-19, straight, 7—15 mm h., in full sun on stony ground and in the crevices of
=: tched, obtuse, Tub. 2-3 mm h.; Ar.round, white, rocks. S. of this spec, were earlier distributed under
set between the Tub., 3-5 mm 0 , 5-8 mm apart; the name N. cupreatus. (Fig. 495.)
Sp.sharp; Rsp. c. 15, white, straight, 6-14 mm lg.;
Csp. 4-6, reddish-yellow, straight to curving, 8-20
nun lg.; FI.apical, 4 cm lg.; Ov.with white wool but N. rubriflorusKol.
" Br., nectary 1.5 mm lg., half-closed;Tu. beaker- Bo. spherical, becoming columnar, light green,
>‘ aped, 12 mm lg., with brown Br. above; Fil.pale becoming slightly corky below; Ri. 21-27, tuber-
yellow; An. dark golden-yellow; stylepale yellow; culate; Ar.white-woolly; Rsp.c. 12, glassy, yellow,
Sti.c. 10, 7-8 mm lg., whitish; Pet.purplish-pink, lighter, thinner and shorter than in N. herteri; Csp.
- mm lg., 4-5 mm br.; Fr. greenish-red; S. 1 mm 4, cruciform, yellow, reddish below; FI. red with a
g • black, hilum protruding.—Brazil (Rio Grande light throat, c. 4 cm lg. Very close to N. herteri, but
io Sul, S. of Serra Geral).* imported much earlier; in the Haage collection at
Erfurt there are specimens 50 years old.—Uruguay.
V rauschii van Vliet: named for the collector,
■‘•■Titer Rausch, of Vienna. N. ruffiansDan. & Krainz (2)
Bo. spherical to elongated, c. 5 cm h., dull bluish-
N. rechensisBuin. green; Ri.(18-)24, spiralled, Tub. small, chin-like ;
Bo. fresh green, spherical to shortly cylindric, to 7 Ar. to 7 mm apart, at first strongly white-woolly;
:m lg., 3-5 cm 0 , offsetting freely from the base; Rsp. 14-16,to 5 mm lg., stiff, pungent, white below,
Ri.c. 18, 4 mm h., to 7 mm apart; Ar. round, c. 2 brownish-red above, later yellowish to grey; Csp.2,
mm 0 , white-woolly in the crown, later glabrous, upper one thinner, shorter, lower one stouter,
io 4 mm apart; Sp. varying from white to yellow, straight or pointing downwards, longer, to 7 mm
; rming upright clusters in the crown and conceal- lg., brilliant brownish-red; FI. 3-4 cm lg., to 6 cm
O, variable in size, pinkish-carmine, lighter to
. ranslators note: Resembles N. horstii, to which some yellowish-white towards the throat, with white
uthors refer it as a variety. Probably not self-fertile. wool and reddish-brown Br. to 5 mm lg.; Sti.
347
NOTOCACTUS

purple, sometimes also yellow.—Uruguay (Cerro red below, later greying; FI.c. 4 cm lg., yellow; Sti.
Largo). purple.—Uruguay, Argentina.
v. pampeanus(Speg.) Backbg.: Bo.glossy, darker
N. schlosserivan Vliet 1974 green; Rsp. 5-10, whitish; Csp. 2( 3), strongly
Bo. simple, vivid green, reversed pear-shape, later flattened, in part twisted, pale horn-coloured.
shortly cylindric, to 18 cm lg., to 11 cm 0 ; crown
depressed, surrounded by reddish-brown Sp. and N. sucineusRitt. (FR 1399)
covered with sparse white wool; Ri.c. 22, 8 mm h., Bo. spherical, later oblong, glossy green, soft, 3-7
with chin-like Tub. between the Ar.; Ar. little cm 0 , simple, crown sunken, spiny; Ri. 18-24, 2-4
sunken, 7 mm apart, 2 mm 0 , round, with white mm h., notched; Ar.round, white, 1-2 mm 0 , 2-4
woolly felt, soon becoming glabrous; Csp. 4, mm apart, set in the hollows between the Tub.; Sp.
cruciform, straight, flattened, stiff, sharp, one of sharp, straight; Rsp.amber-coloured, c. 15-30, 3-6
these directed upwards, to 24 mm lg., another mm lg.; Csp.golden-yellow, 8-12, 7-20 mm lg.; FI.
pointing downwards, 17 mm lg., all scarcely apical, 35 mm lg.;Ov.with white wool, with yellow
distinguishable from the Rsp., reddish-brown, Br. above; nectary1 mm lg.; Tu. beaker-shaped, 10
blackish-brown below, later greying, often curv­ mm lg.; Fil.lemon-yellow; An. pale yellow; style
ing ; Rsp. c. 34, straight, sharp, hyaline, with light purple, 20 mm lg.; Sti. blackish-purple; Pet.
brown tip and base, c. 11 mm lg.; FI.borne around sulphur-yellow, 18 mm lg., 3-4 mm br., inner ones
the crown, 4.5 cm lg., 5 cm br., not self-fertile; Tu. acute, outer ones rounded; Fr. covered with white
bellshaped, glossy, light lemon-yellow, with pink wool, pulp pink; S. less than 1 mm lg., black,
and greenish Sc. outside, also brown wool and dark slightly tuberculate; hilum basal.—Brazil (Rio
brown bristly H.; Pet. spatulate, ± fringed above, Grande do Sul, Sao Gabriel).
glossy lemon-yellow, with a light green M.-stripe;
Fil. light yellow; style almost 14 mm lg., with 10 N. tabularis(Cels ex K. Sch.) Berg. (2)
dark purple Sti.; Fr. dehiscing vertically, with c. Bo.flattened-spherical, to c. 8 cm 0 , bluish-green:
400 S., these with a black glossy tuberculate testa Ri. 16-23, low, obtuse; Ar. 4-5 mm apart; Rsp.
and a hilum with a light, wavy margin,—Uruguay 16-18, to 1 cm lg., thin-acicular, spreading,
(E. parts of Dept. Maldonado, near Garzon). hyaline; Csp. 4,cruciform, upper one to c. 1.2 cm
lg., slightly curving, others shorter, white, brown-
N. scopa(Spreng.) Berg. (1) tipped ; FI.only 6 cm lg.; Pet.linear, glossy, yellow:
Bo. spherical, becoming cylindric, to 25 cm h. (and Sti.carmine.—Uruguay.
more), to 10 cm 0 , fresh green; Ri. 30-35, weakly
tuberculate; Ar.5-8 mm apart; Rsp.to 40, to 7 mm N. tenuicylindricusRitt. (FR 1361)
lg., thin, white, completely concealing the Bo.; Csp. Bo. simple, columnar, 2-3 cm thick, 4-8 cm h..
3^1, rather stouter, + brownish-red, or often to green to bluish-greyish: Ri. 13-21, 3-4 mm h..
white; FI. c. 4 cm lg. and 0 , canary-yellow, with notched, tuberculate; Ar. in the hollows between
brown wool and black Br.; Sti. red.—S. Brazil, the Tub., 1-1.5 mm 0 , white-woolly, 1.5-3 mm
Uruguay. apart; Sp. straight, stout, sharp; Rsp. 10-15, pale
v. daenikerianusKrainz: Rsp.and Csp.yellow or yellow, 3-4 mm lg.; Csp. 2-4, brownish-red, 3-6
honey-coloured, to 1 cm lg.; FI. c. 3 cm lg., mm lg.; FI. 42 mm lg.; Ov. spherical, mostly
scarcely broader.—Uruguay)?), S. Brazil (?); covered with white wool overtopped by yellow Br.:
v. glauserianus Krainz: Rsp. light yellow; Csp. nectarypale yellow; Tu.beaker-shaped, 15 mm lg..
orange to brownish-yellow (lighter above), or lemon-yellow; An. pale yellow; Sti.carmine; Pet.
chestnut-brown.—Uruguay; 28 mm lg., 5 mm br., brilliant lemon-yellow; S.
v. ramosus (v. Osten) Backbg.: Bo. more freely oblong, black, slightly tuberculate, hilum basal,
offsetting to cushion-forming. large.—Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, S. of Alegrete).

IN. securituberculatus (FR 1375): no description N. tenuispinus (Lk. & O.) Hert.: Notocactusottonis
Iavailable. v. tenuispinus(Lk. & O.) Berg.

N. submammulosus (Lem.) Backbg. (2) N. uebelmannianusBuin.

Bo. hemispherical, later sometimes + oblong, Bo. flattened-spherical, not offsetting or only
stout or large, mid-green; Ri.c. 13, with prominent rarely, glossy dark green, to 17 cm 0 , to 12 cm h..
and chin-like Tub.; Rsp. c. 6, upper ones to 7 mm Ri.12—16, to 3.5 cm br., rounded, tuberculate, Tub.
lg., + subulate, radiating horizontally or directed chin-like, prominent; Ar. to 10 mm br., to 8 mm
+ upwards; Csp.2, to 2 cm lg., 1 directed upwards, lg., with white wool at first, later glabrous, to 2.5 cm
1downwards, flattened, the lower one stouter; Sp. apart, with a small transverse groove beneath the
light yellowish, tipped brown, stouter ones ruby- Ar.; Sp. mostly appressed; Rsp. c. 6, 1-3 cm lg..

348
 NOTOCACTUS-NYCTOCEREUS

-cme directed downwards, other shorter ones 0 , sulphur-yellow, glossy; Sti. light purple.—
upwards, white to whitish-grey, unequal, some- Uruguay (Tacarembo).
:mes interlacing; FI.glossy wine-red, to 5 cm br.,
4.5 cm lg. when closed; Tu. covered with brown Ritter mentions a “novelty, with orange-red FI.”
• ool: Fil.creamy-yellow; stylewhitish, sometimes (FR 1269).
reddish above; Sti. red; Pet. acute, 2 cm lg., to 4
mm br.; Fr. glossy red at maturity; S. small, cap-
raped.—Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, near Caca- Nyctocereus (Berg.) Br. & R. (139)
?ava; found by L. Horst in 1965 only on a single
- runtain-peak). (Fig. 496.) Named for W. Uebel- Thin-stemmed plants, erect, inclined or prostrate,
-ann who first imported this fine spec. mostly with narrow low ribs, these in one species
'. flaviflorus Burn.: FI. yellow; Fr. not flat but winged and more prominent. Spination pre­
spherical, otherwise as the type. Grows in mixed dominantly thin-acicular. Flowers nocturnal, fairly
j companies with the red-flowered type, with c. large, white, their tubes and ovaries set with bristly-
20 % of the populations yellow-flowered. fine but sharp spines; flowers sometimes arising
from the thickened apical zone of the previous
N uruguayus (Ar.) Hert.: Notocactus ottonis v. year’s growth, and thus borne simultaneously both
uroguayus(Ar.) Berg. at the tip and lower down. The tube expands into
the broad perianth which is not down-curving.
N. vanvlietiiRausch Fruit fleshy, spiny or bristly. Seeds large, mostly
Bo. simple, reversed pear-shape, to 10 cm h,, 6 cm black. —Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala,
Z-dark green, crown sunken, with white felt; Ri. Nicaragua. [(R).]
: 30. vertical, with chin-like Tub.;Ar. round, c. 2
mm 0 , set in the hollows between the Tub., white- N. chontalensisAlex.
dty, later glabrous; Rsp. 13-15, to 8 mm lg., Bo. prostrate, or hanging down over rocks, to 1m
.ppressed, interlacing around the Bo.; Csp. 1-4, lg. (and more), yellowish-green; St.to 40 cm lg., to
rottom one curving downwards, to 15 mm lg., all 5 cm 0 ; Ri. (4-)5-6, winged, the angles acute,
'p. bristly, weak, reddish to blackish-brown, dark often reddish; Rsp. 5-7; Csp. 1-4; Sp.0.5-1 cm lg.,
below; FI. self-sterile, in a ring around the crown, thin-acicular, centrals rather stouter, ± light
5 mm lg., 57 mm 0 ; Ov. and Tu. yellowish, with brown, later blackish-brown, on stouter growths
rmk Sc. and brown Br.; Pet. lanceolate or also 3^4 finer Br. in the lower part of the Ar.; FI.
Tatulate, somewhat notched, glossy, light lemon- 6-8 cm lg., strongly perfumed; Ov. and Tu. only
r .ow with a pink M.-stripe, passing over to hairy; Fr. spherical, c. 2 cm 0 , Br. yellow to
rreenish below, Sc. dark green with brown dots, golden-brown.—Mexico (Oaxaca, between Nejapa
-uh brown wool and Br.; Tu. broadly funnel- and Tehuantepec).
:rm, yellow, orange-yellow below; Fil. white; Because of the main floral characters, this plant
style yellow; Sti. 11, violet to purplish-red; Fr. appears to be referable to Nyctocereus despite the
cherical, light green; S.irregularly bellshaped; Fr. conspicuously low rib-count and stronger re­
_nd S. as in N. werdermannianus but smaller in all duction of floral Br.; this has its counterpart, e.g. in
me parts, while the Sp. are also divergent.— Parodia and Samaipaticereus inquisivensis.
Uruguay (Chuchilla de los once Cerros). N. guatemalensis Br. & R.
• graciliorRausch: Bo.only 4 cm h., 5 cm 0 ; Ri. Bo. ascending, arching over or creeping, 1 m lg.
to 25, vertical; Sp. yellowish-white to pink, (and more); St. 3-6 cm 0 ; Ri. 8-12, very low, ±
curly; Rsp. 13-15; Csp. m); FI. yellow to rounded; Rsp. c. 10; Csp. 3-6, mostly much longer
3

orange-yellow.—Uruguay (between Minas de than the Rsp., to 4 cm lg. but thinner; FI.4-7 cm lg.,
Corales and Ansina). strongly scented; Ov. ± tuberculate, with pink or
brownish Sp.; Tu. spiny, crimson outside, carmine
N velenovskyi Fric: Notocactus floricomus v. inside; S.glossy, black. —Guatemala (El Rancho).
•elenovskyi(Fric exBackbg.) Krainz.
N. hirschtianus(K. Sch.) Br. & R.
N. werdermannianus Hert. (2) Bo.columnar, erect, later inclined; St. 1-1.5 cm 0 ,
Bo. ± spherical, later somewhat broader above, to freely branching; Ri. 10, + acute, scarcely
: 13 cm h., 10 cm 0 , yellowish-green; Ri. c. 40, notched; Rsp. 7-9, to 9 mm lg., radiating, the
-ith numerous smaller chin-like Tub.; Ar. 5 mm lowest one shorter; Csp. 3-5, the top one to 2 cm
-part: Rsp.c. 16, c. 5 mm lg., projecting, yellowish- lg., spreading; Sp. acicular, stiff, pungent, the
hite: Csp. 4, the lowest one longest, c. 1.5 cm lg., larger ones with a bulbous thickening below,
tuected downwards, stoutly acicular, scarcely reddish to horn-coloured; FI.4-7 cm lg.; Tu. and
Tangent, yellowish at first; FI.c. 6 cm lg., over 7 cm Ov. very spiny.—Nicaragua.
349
NYCTOCEREUS-OPUNTIA

N. neumannii (K. Sch.) Br. & R. drop. In Strombocactus, however, the upper part
Bo. ascending or bending downwards, to 1m lg.; of the floral tube has dry-bordered scales, the fruit
St.to 3 cm 0 ; Ri. 13, slightly notched; Sp.scarcely dries up, and the seeds are dust-fine. Despite this,
differentiated, 10-14, to 4 cm lg., brownish, later Berger united Obregonia with Strombocactus,
greyish; FI. c. 10 cm lg.; Ov. tuberculate, with while Marshall included it in Ariocarpus. This
brown or reddish Sp.— Nicaragua (near Chiq- same procedure has recently been adopted in the
uitillo, Metagalpa). USA with the genus Toumeya. These transfers
were the result of attempts at systematic simpli­
N. oaxacensisBr. & R. fication; nevertheless they represent synthetic
Bo. ± prostrate; R. thick-napiform; St.thin, to 3 groupings, admittedly of related groups of species,
cm 0 ; Ri. 7-10, very low; Rsp. 8-12, 0.4-1.5 cm but they do not represent the uniform “generic”
lg., thin; Csp. 3-5, rather stouter; Sp. brownish to characters created by Nature, which are the only
brown; FI.reddish or dirty purple outside, only the ones giving an immediately recognizable natural
innermost Pet. white; Ov. densely set with brow­ grouping. Precise segregation into small genera is
nish Br.—Mexico. (Fig. 276.) thus an arrangement which is independent of any
theorising, and one which makes the distinguishing
N. serpentinus(Lag. & Rodr.) Br. & R. (T.) features clearly apparent. Moreover, no method
Bo. erect at first, then arching over, to hanging or can be acceptable if it rests on the piecemeal
creeping, to 3 m lg., branching; St.2-5 cm 0 ; Ri. treatment of small groups of species.—
10-13, low, rounded; Sp-c. 12, 1-3 cm lg., acicular, Distribution: Mexico (in the NE.) [-* ; cannot be
pink at first, then whitish to brownish, ± darker- grafted.]
tipped ; FI.15-20 cm lg., Pet. reddish-green outside,
middle ones carmine-pink, innermost ones white; O. denegriiFric (T.)
Fr. red, spiny; S. 5 mm lg. and more, glossy, Bo. broadly rounded, greyish to dark green, to 12
black.—Mexico (never re-collected in the wild), cm 0 ; Tub. thick, triangular, to 2.5 cm across the
v. ambiguus (DC). Berg.: Bo. robust, erect with base, to 1.5 cm lg., flat on the upper surface, keeled
yellow Sp. above; FI. large, deeper carmine-red on the underside; Ar.at the tip of the Tub., woolly
(presumably the Sep.); at first, with 2-4 scarcely pungent and rather weak
v. pietatisH. Bravo 1972: Bo. to 1.3m h., little Sp. to 1.5 cm lg., wool and Sp. soon dropping; FI.
branching; St.to 2 m lg., 6 cm 0 ; Ri. 16; Ar. 1 white or pale pink, c. 2.5 cm 0 ; Fr.a white berry.—
cm apart, round, with white wool; Sp. tangled; Mexico (Tamaulipas, San Vicente near Ciudad
Rsp. 14, 15 mm lg.; Csp. 4—5, 2.5-3 cm lg., Victoria). (Fig. 277.)
intense yellow at first, later whitish; FI. white,
nocturnal, 15 cm lg.; Fr.6cm lg. and 4.5cm 0 ,
with numerous Ar. with dark beige felt and Sp. Opuntia (Tournef.) Mill. (17)
2.5 cm lg.*—Mexico (Michoacan, La Piedad).
v. splendens (DC.) Berg.: St.deep glossy green; This is the second largest genus in the Cactaceae.
Sp. short, weak, white; with the most extensive north-south distribution
v. strictior (Forst.) Berg.: Sp. flecked blackish- in the family; two major areas of distribution are
red in the upper part; outer Pet.light tawny. clearly distinguishable, as in the quite closely
related cylindric and globose genera:
Cylindropuntia-Austrocylindropuntia; and
Obregonia Fric (205) Corynopuntia-Tephrocactus; however the
southern “platyopuntioid” group (only c. 45
A monotypic genus, conspicuous for the tubercles species) consists of an appreciably smaller number
which are modified into thick, angular scales with of species than the northern one with c. 200 species.
the upper part bent outwards. Flowers produced The former genus Opuntia, which previously
centrally, moderately large, opening widely; apart included not only the genera mentioned but at one
from the floral remains which persist at the tip of time also Consolea, Brasiliopuntia, Nopalea and
the tube, this is glabrous, similarly the clavate, Grusonia, was a synthetic and unmanageable
berry-like, fleshy fruit which dehisces basally; seeds omnibus genus: unmanageable, since the defining
black. The flower-form shows some resemblance to of group-characters was impossible; and synthetic,
Strombocactus which also possesses unusual in that it combined species with flattened or
angular tubercles, only here the tips appear cylindric stems with those having short-clavate to
truncate. In both genera the weak spines soon spherical shoots, with a clear geographical division
within the two major zones of distribution, the
* I queried this figure with Mr. Haage but received no plants in some instances being the sole members of
reply, so I think it must be treated as suspect. Translator. their subfamily. Britton and Rose saw the need for
350
 OPUNTIA

. considerable fragmentation of the old collective nuisance in Australia, India and S. Africa. But in
ccnera. principally among the Cereoideae, so that their homelands and in several parts of the warmer
:cvitably the same became necessary with the countries of the world they represent an important
runtioideae. Lemaire made a start with Tephro- source of animal-fodder, particularly for donkeys;
-¿ctus; in 1935 F. M. Knuth segregated Corynopun- in Mexico they were formerly eaten as a vegetable;
na and Cylindropuntia; and the first step was taken they are still the raw material for a beverage, and
wards a more intelligible classification. Austro- are made into sweetmeats, while the edible fruits
iindropuntia had to come next, since the of a number of species are quite often offered for
: -them cylindric species could not be excluded sale in the markets; they are therefore often
::m this separation into two major distributions, planted as a commercial crop.
r untia nowadays thus contains only species with The Opuntias of the Galapagos Islands offer an
r flat and circular stem-segments, with the “dwarf, interesting problem since it is not known how their
- part + rounded” species forming natural stages distribution originated, or that of the genera of
: reduction. The flowers are + rotate and very Cerei which are now endemic there; however that
cniform (i.e. Section I: Macranthae [A—1]); in the may be, related genera and species of Opuntioideae
nostly smaller-flowered species (Section II: Mi- and Cereoideae are found on the nearer parts of the
. -inthae [A— 2]) the petals are ± erect, sometimes S. American continent. The Opuntias of the
- fanreviated and narrower, forming a transition to Galapagos must belong to the northern area of
re northern Series “Stenopetaleae” where they are major distribution, as is shown by the fact that
cry narrow, and the flowers are sometimes dioe- certain characters are common to both. A mod­
- - as. although this has no significance as this erately branched specimen of O. galapageia bears a
fcture also occurs in some members of Mam- confusing resemblance to many plants of O.
nfilaria and Gymnocalycium. There is great chlorotica, and it also flowers quite freely from the
- riability in the colour of stems, spines and fruits, pad-surface. (O. bonplandii from Ecuador, which
is veil as the degree of development of glochids or grows to 2-4 m high and has pale yellow acicular
r:nes, including that of the flowers. Even within a spines, may represent a surviving connecting link
secies there can be a considerable range of from former times when the distribution covered a
inability as to a plant’s height and flower-colour; wider area.) At one time botanists knew only one
r. O. lindheimeri for instance the flowers range species, with one variety. Then K. Schumann,
:m yellow to red, and the fruits are Weber, Stewart and J. T. Howell erected further
r Amorphic,—from broadly spherical to oblong; species, some of them especially large and trunk­
-f latter, like the flowers, usually appear in quite forming plants, and others without any trunk,
.rge numbers, with the fruit-colour running from while further species had larger fruits and seeds.
ir.ous shades of green, through yellow and orange, For reasons of logic I feel obliged to gather them all
: red to almost blackish-purple. The fruits in fact together again. There is, without any question,
. in be a longer-lasting adornment to the plant than every sort of gradation regarding plant-height and
'e flowers, since their colour sometimes alters as spination. Diiferences of height are not a diagnostic
re fruit ripens, and this can take up to 2 years in character since in O. lindheimeri, for instance, there
.; rain instances. Sterile fruits have been reported, are forms which are low-growing and broadly
is .veil as others containing very few seeds. The branching, while others are tree-like and may reach
-v.er are subspherical to flat and round, with a 4 m in height; the same differences arise in O.
sard testa, and sometimes + hairy. The scale- dobbieana from Ecuador, and in O. dillenii, while
eaves of the ovaries and fruits may be quite long Tephroc. lagopus, for example, may bear either
and bent outwards, or they can be more strongly or oblong or broadly spherical fruits. Even larger
: .en extremely reduced; glochids (readily detached fruits and seeds do not of necessity constitute a
■a ort spines) are + always present. Most Opuntias differential character at specific level; cytological
rear their flowers along the margins of the stem- studies have still to be made. In this case, therefore,
egments although there are species in which they it has been necessary to follow the “lumping”
_:e borne on the flat surface of the pad. The treatment which is common in the USA. However,
epidermis is smooth, matt, glossy or—a diagnostic Y. Dawson recently visited the Galapagos Islands
eiaracter in some species—velvety. Many Opun- and he has restored the old specific demarcations
as are characterised by abundant flowers; for this while adding new varieties of O. echios based on
reason and because of their variety of colour and differences of the fruits or their size; but as he
neir bizarre forms, they are often used for himself remarks: "Opuntia has developed some
: mamental plantings in tropical to subtropical remarkable forms here, probably from more than
_ountries, and in S. Europe. Some species have thus one ancestor”. While the Cerei of the Galapagos
recome naturalised; and given their capacity for are much more strongly distinct generically, the
"-pid propagation, they have become a serious Opuntias from these islands in general show much
351
OPUNTIA

more uniformity of characters, or intermediate Bo.to 1m h., forming clumps to 3 m br.; Seg.erect,
stages, so that in view of a certain parallelism with + ovate, to 20 cm lg., rounded, dull dark green, +
continental species, differences of height or fruit- frosted; Ar. large, fairly crowded; L. subulate, 7
form cannot reasonably be given exceptional status mm lg.; Sp. several, mostly 2, thin-acicular, to 5.5
and elevated to specific characters; I have therefore cm lg., brown below, yellow above, often recurved;
made no changes to my classification of these Glo. numerous, long-persisting; FI. to 10 cm 0,
Opuntias.—Distribution: from Canada to S. golden-yellow, green in the centre; Pet.broad; Fr.
Argentina, in the W. Indies and on the Galapagos pear-shaped, purple.—USA (Texas, Laredo),
Islands. The two major zones of distribution lie on v. orbiculataBackbg.: Seg.glossy, more circular;
either side of a line from southern N. Peru across to Glo. in similar thick tufts in the large Ar.; FI.
N. Brazil where (as in more southern Pacific Peru brilliant deep red.
and in Chile) no single flat-stemmed species occurs,
although they are found again from the S. Peruvian IO. adpressa Ritt. (FR 892): no description
highlands to the SE. or to the S. [O, (R).] To I available.
simplify the finding of any particular species, each
specific name is followed by a reference based on O. aequatorialisBr. & R. (Al-b)
the following analysis: Bo. to 1.5 m h., bushy, strongly branching; Seg.
A: Northern Group: oval to narrowly oblong, to 20 cm lg., 3-8 cm br.,
1: Flowers larger fairly easily detached; Sp. stiff, subulate, pale
a: Low and often + creeping plants, with yellow, 2-4 at first, later more, 2.5-6 cm lg.; FI.
subterete or narrow stems orange-red.—Ecuador (Sibambe).
b : Larger-stemmed plants but not large-
shrubby to treelike, with circular to O. affinisGriff. (Al-b)
broadly oblong segments Bo. to 1.25 m h., sometimes to 2 m, forming a low
c : Species which form taller shrubs or are tree; Seg. + oval, 13-35 cm lg., broadly rounded
treelike above, tapering below, velvety; Ar. grey or white,
2: Flowers mostly smaller, petals ± erect to 3 cm apart; Sp.angular to twisted, absent at the
a : Petals broader base of the shoot, 1-5 above, straw-coloured,
b : Petals narrower (“Stenopetalae”) becoming white in the 2nd year, one of these to 3 cm
B: Southern Group: lg., others much shorter; Glo. light straw; FI.
1: Low-growing species with small stems, orange outside, centre red; Fr. red, rather small-
forming denser groups (“Airampoae”) spherical.—Mexico (Oaxaca).
2: Larger species but ± creeping to mostly
prostrate O. albatahort.
3: Erect, shrubby to ± treelike species. Possibly a variety of O. microdasys, with the great
If a specific name cannot be found here, look under advantages that it lacks sharp Glo. while also
Cylindropuntia, Austrocylindropuntia, Coryno- readily producing large numbers of yellow FI.; Sti.
puntia or Tephrocactus; it might also be found green.—Mexico.
under Brasiliopuntia or Consolea or, in one case,
under Marenopuntia. O. albisaetacensBackbg. (Bl)
Bo. with small Seg., freely branching, forming low
O. abjectaSmall (Al-a) colonies; Seg. oblong, tapering above, to c. 4 cm
Bo. prostrate, irregularly branching, light green; lg., 2.5 cm br.; Sp.later to 10, snow-white, flexible,
Seg. circular to ± oval, thick; Glo. yellowish; Sp. to 6 cm lg., often tangled and interlacing; FI.
thin and bristle-like, solitary, brown to reddish, to 6 red(?).—S. Bolivia (near Tupiza).
cm lg.; FI.mostly solitary; Fr.red to purple, 1.5 cm v. robustiorBackbg.: Seg. stouter, to 7.5 cm lg..
lg.—USA (Florida, Big Pine Key). 3.5 cm br., thicker, 1.5 cm thick; Ar.brownish on
older Seg., white on new growth, c. 1.6 cm apart:
O. acaulisEkm. & Werd. (Al-b) Sp. mostly directed downwards, sometimes
Bo.to 2 m h., without a trunk; Seg. dirty yellowish- curving to sharply bent, subterete to compressed
green, ovate to oblong, to 20 cm lg., to 13 cm br.; and twisted, fairly robust, to 6 cm lg., dirty
Sp. (3—)5— 6(—7), 1-2 of these to 4 cm lg., the others whitish; Glo.whitish; FI. ?
to 2 cm lg., greyish-yellowish, stoutly acicular, +
flattened; Glo.brownish; FI.yellow, to 7 cm lg., 1.5 O. alko-tunaCard. (B3)
cm br.; Ov. with Ar. with 1-2 Sp., to 1 cm lg.; Fr. Bo.erect, with a trunk, branching strongly, to 1.3 m
?—Haiti (in the NW.) h., trunk to 10 cm 0; Seg. green, thick, ovate to
flattened-rounded, tuberculate, to 18 cm lg., 11 cm
O. aciculataGriff. (Al-b) br.; Ar. grey; Sp. 2-6, subulate, 1-5 cm lg., grey:
352
 OPUNTIA

Glo. brownish; FI. rotate, 6-7 cm lg.; Ov. with O. antilianaBr. & R. (Al-a)
yellow Glo. and small brown Sp.; Fr.pear-shaped, Bo. ± prostrate, in colonies 1 m br.; Seg. ± ovate,
firm, 4 cm 0 , hard inside, green; S. yellowish- to 20 cm lg., narrow, + terete below, quite readily
brown.—Bolivia (Sierra de Tunari, Santa Rosa). detached; Sp.terete, stiff, 3-6, unequal, 1-6 cm lg.,
yellow, white eventually; Glo. numerous, yellow;
O. allaireiGriff. (Al-a) FI. 5-7 cm lg., yellow, becoming reddish when
Bo. prostrate; R. napiform; Seg. bluish-green, to fading; Fr. purple, 4 cm lg.—Hispaniola and
15 cm lg.; Sp. 0-3, to 2.5 cm lg., yellowish-brown; central Antilles.
FI.to 7 cm 0 , yellow with a red centre; Fr. dark
red, to 5 cm lg.—USA (Texas, mouth of Trinity O. arechavaletaiSpeg. (B3)
River). Probably only a form of O. macrorhiza. Bo. erect, ± treelike, to 2 m h., freely branching;
Seg. dark green, oblong-oval, 25-30 cm lg., 8-12
O. ammophila Small (Al-c) cm br.; Ar.white, without a mark; Sp. 1(-3), white,
Bo. erect, ± branching, to 2 m h., finally with a brownish-tipped; FI. 6-7 cm 0 , lemon-yellow;
trunk 25 cm 0 ; R. napiform; shoots from the Pet. few; Fr. + clavate-cylindric, 7 cm lg., purple
upper part of the trunk, primary shoots elongated inside and out.—Uruguay (Montevideo).
to ± cylindric, terminal shoots elliptic or oval, to
17cm lg.;L. 1 cm lg., green; Sp. slender, 1-2, later O. arenariaEng. (Al-a)
mostly along the margin, 2-6 cm lg., ± terete, more Bo. prostrate, to 30 cm lg., branching; R. spindle-
rarely twisted, reddish or red; Glo. noticeably shaped ; Seg. strongly swollen during the growing
heap-like; FI.to 8 cm 0 , yellow; Fr.ovoid, 3 cm lg., period, flattened-terete, flatter during the dry
± purple.—USA (Florida, Fort Pierce). season, to 8 cm lg., half as wide; Ar. brown, large,
numerous; Sp. 5-8, 2-3 of these much longer, to 4
O. amyclaeaTenore (Al-c) cm lg.; Glo.brown; FI.red, 7 cm 0 ; Fr.dry, spiny,
Bo. erect; Seg. matt green, thick, + pruinose, 3 cm lg.; S. large.—USA (Texas; S. New Mexico).
oblong to elliptic, to 40 cm lg., half as wide; Ar.
with 1-2 appressed hairlike Br.; Sp. 1-4, white or O. armataBackbg. (Bl)
horn-coloured, stiff, usually under 3 cm lg., the Bo. low-growing, forming dense colonies; Seg.
stoutest ones angular; Glo. brown; FI.yellow; Fr. erect to spreading, terete at first, flattened when
yellowish-red, not very juicy.—Mexico (Hidalgo, older, to 3.5 cm lg., 2 cm thick; L.reddish; Sp.erect
often planted as a crop). Plants of this name in at first, tinged reddish, soon white or milky, to 9, to
Europe appear to be crosses of O. ficus-indica with c. 2.3 cm lg., irregularly spreading; Glo.resembling
O. streptacantha. thinner Sp.; FI. ?—N. Argentina (?).
v. panellana Backbg.: see Opuntia panellana
(Backbg.) Backbg.
O. anacanthaSpeg. (B2)
Bo. prostrate or inclined to ascending; branchesto O. arrastradilloBackbg. (A2 b)
2.5 m lg.; Seg. dark green, oblong, acuminate, Bo.low-shrubby; Seg.green, very oblong; L. olive-
15-40 cm lg., 3.5-7 cm br.; Ar.with a red mark; Sp. green; Ar. numerous, crowded; Sp. 1-2, thin,
0(or 1, rudimentary); FI.5 cm 0 , yellow; Fr.red, 3 flexible, to 7 mm lg., mostly soon dropping; FI.
cm lg., yellowish or white inside; S.disc-shaped.— light orange; Fr. ?—Mexico (Zacatecas ?).
Argentina (S. Chaco; Santiago del Estero).
O. assumptionsK. Sch. (B3)
O. anahuacensisGriff. (Al-a) Bo. erect, + treelike, t o l m h . ; Seg. leaf-green,
Bo.low to prostrate, to 1.5 m br., at most 50 cm h.; obovate, c. 10 cm lg., 5.5 cm br. eventually; Ar.
Seg.glossy yellowish-green, oblong, to 27 cm lg., to without a spot; Sp. l(-2), brown; Glo. scarcely
13 cm br.; Sp. 1-2, porrect, 2-3 cm lg., flattened or projecting; FI. only 2.5 cm br., lemon-yellow; Fr.
twisted; FI.yellow; Fr.dark purple, pear-shaped, 7 ± shortly pear-shaped, 3.5 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 ; S.
cm lg.—USA (Texas, Anahuac, mouth of Trinity grey, pubescent.—Paraguay (near Asuncion).
River).
O. atrispina Griff. (Al b)
O. angustataEng. (Al-b) Bo. low-growing, or an erect shrub, to 60 cm h.,
Bo.erect; Seg. to 25 cm lg., tapering below, half as forming groups to 2 m br.; Seg. light green, to 15
wide as long, but rather thick; Ar.c. 2.5 cm apart; cm br., spineless below; Sp. 2^1, spreading, stiff,
Sp. over all the Seg.-surface, sharply angular, stout, dark brown, blackish below, longest ones
2.5-3.5 cm lg., straw to whitish, darker below; Glo. flattened; Glo. yellowish at first, then brown; FI.
brown; FI.yellow; Fr. ± ovoid, to 3 cm lg.—USA yellow; Fr. purplish-red.—USA (Texas, Devil’s
(Arizona, Bottoms). River).
353
OPUNTIA

O. atrocapensisSmall (Al-a) Seg. faded bluish-green, mostly circular to

Bo. low-growing, ascending, freely branched but rounded-oblong, to 15 cm 0 , frosted; Sp. mostly
prostrate; Seg. ± ovoid, + glossy deep green, to 10 only in the upper half of the Seg., 2-3 cm lg., +
cm lg., not frosted; L.thick-subulate, to 4 mm lg.; decurved, + black when old; Glo. brown, num­
Ar. small; Sp. usually 1,light yellow, later white, erous; FI. deep yellow, with a red centre; Fr.
straw-coloured when wet, sometimes flecked carmine, spherical to + ovoid, spineless.—Mexico
brown, to 2-3.5 cm lg.; FI.pale yellow, to 5 cm 0 ; (Zacatecas; Durango ?).
Pet. few; Fr. slender-ovoid, to 3.5 cm lg., reddish-
purple; S. c. 3-3.5 mm lg., flat.—USA (Florida, O. bahamana Br. & R. (Al-b): not sufficiently
dunes near Cape Sable). described. Since it has no trunk, it cannot belong in
Consolea to which Britton and Rose attributed it.
O. atrofusca hort.: offered commercially, but not Seg. oblong, rather large, but the plant is only to
described. 1.5 m h.; Sp.0 or 1^4, yellow, to 2 cm lg.; FI. 6 cm
0 , + funnelform, ± pinkish-yellow, more pink
O. atropesRose (Al-c) inside.—Bahamas (Rocky Slopes, The Bright, Cat
Bo. freely branching, to 3 m h.; Seg. oblong to + Island). Perhaps a cross between Consolea and
ovate, deep green, to 30cm lg., faintly velvety; L.to Opuntia.
5 mm lg., velvety; Ar. light brown; Sp. 3-6 cm lg.,
whitish or yellowish at first, the base later dark O. balliiRose (Al-a)
yellow to brown, lighter to white above; Glo. Bo.low-growing, spreading; Seg.rather thick, pale
yellow, long, numerous; FI.red; Ov. ± spineless.— green, frosted. ± ovate, 6-10 cm lg.; Sp. 2-4,
Mexico (Morelos, Yautepec). brownish, + flattened, mostly erect, longest ones
4-7 cm lg.; Glo. conspicuous; FI. ?; Fr. small,
O. atro-virensSpeg.: probably only a variety of O. spherical, frosted, c. 2 cm lg., spineless; S. fairly
mieckleyi K.. Sch.: Seg. + spineless, dark green, + thick.—USA (W. Texas, Pecos).
cylindric below; Sp. to 15, minute, whitish,
dropping; FI.crimson.—Argentina (Corrientes). O. basilaris Eng. & Big. (Al-a) (Al-b)
Bo. mostly low-growing, with ± erect branches
O. aulacotheleWeb. (Bl) from the base; Seg. greyish to bluish-green, often
Bo. strongly branching, small; Seg. greyish to reddened around the Ar., finely velvety, + ovate,
brownish-green, 4-6 cm lg., 2-3 cm br.; Ar.without 12-20 cm lg., sometimes more circular; L. minute;
Glo.; Sp.8-10, white, terete, little pungent, upper 4 Ar. yellowish; Sp. absent; Glo. fine, numerous,
stouter, to 2-3 cm lg., lower ones very white, only c. reddish-brown, soon dropping; FI. purplish-
6 mm lg.; FI. ?— Origin ? An insufficiently clarified reddish, 5 cm 0 ; Fr.shortly ovoid, dry, velvety; S.
spec. large, thick.—USA (SW.) to N. Mexico (Sonora);
v. cordataFobe: Seg.cordate above;
O. aurantiacaLindl. non Gill. (B2) v. humistrata (Griff.) Marsh.: Seg. sometimes
Bo. not tall, densely bushy, erect to + prostrate, elongated, + ovate to elliptic, rounded above, to
15-30 cm h.; Seg.linear at first to ± clavate, to 15 18 cm lg.;
cm lg., 10-15 mm br., 8-10 mm thick, dark green; v. longiareolata (Clov. & Jott.) L. Benson: Ar.
Ar. whitish-grey; Sp.to 6, 3 uppers stouter, one to more oblong on older Seg. which are more
1.5 cm lg., lower ones decurred, bristly, thin, to 2 spatulate, to 12.5 cm lg., c. 5 cm br.; Glo.
cm lg., all dirty brownish; FI. orange (yellow also dropping even on new growth, surrounded by
reported); Fr. to 3 cm lg., purplish-red inside and white Ar.-wool.—USA (N. Arizona, Grand
out, strongly spiny.—Uruguay (near Montevideo). Canyon, Granite Rapids);
v. ramosa Parish: Seg. smooth, oblong, flatter,
O. austrinaSmall (Al-b) re-branching also above to form bushy plants.—
Bo. erect to ascending; R. fibrous or tuberous, USA (California, Bear Valley, San Jacinto
tuber to 15 cm lg., 6 cm thick; Seg.narrowly ovate Plains).
or elongated, thick, tuberculate, sinuate, light O. basilaris sanguinea hort. is an attractive
green, to 12 cm lg.; L.to 1 cm lg.; Sp.in the upper cultivar: Seg. faded bluish-green, oblong to
half of the shoot, or on its margins, (1—)2(—6), circular, strongly reddened around the Ar.
sometimes absent, twisted, whitish to pink, darker
above and below; FI.to 7 cm 0 , light yellow; Fr.to O. beckeriana K. Sch. (Al-b) may be a cultivar:
3 cm lg.—USA (Florida, S. part of the peninsula). Bo. a low-growing, freely branching shrub; Seg.
grass-green, to 10 cm lg.; Sp. 2-6, straight,
O. azureaRose (Al-b) yellowish, banded darker to white, to 1 cm lg.; FI.
Bo. with spreading branches above a short trunk; 7-8 cm br., dark yellow.
354
 OPUNTIA

O. bella Br. & R. (Al-b) O. boliviensisBackbg. (Bl)

Bo. shrubby, to 1.2 m h., forming dense thickets; Bo. in low-growing colonies; Seg. light bluish-
Seg. matt dark green, to 16 cm lg. ; Sp. white, 2-6, green, not clearly tapering below, to 6 cm lg., 3.5 cm
unequal, acicular, to 2 cm lg. ; Glo. brown; FI. 5 cm br., 2 cm thick below, tapering above and more
lg., sulphur-yellow, orange when fading; Fr. small, flattened; Ar. light brown; Sp. to the base of the
greenish-yellow.-—Colombia (Dagua). shoot, Rsp. to 5, small, light brownish to whitish;
Csp. 1-2 or more, whitish, darker-tipped, one Sp.
O. bensonii Sanchez-Mejorada 1972 mostly spreading downwards; FI.yellow; Fr.with
Bo. treelike, 2-4 m h., with a trunk; branches 30 cm red juice.—Bolivia (E. of Oruro).
g.. 20 cm 0 , reddish-green; Ar. 3-4 cm apart,
•.hite-felty ; Glo. golden-yellow; Sp. 5-8, to 35 mm O. bonplandii(HBK.) Web. (Al-c)
g.. whitish, tipped darker; FI. intense yellow; Fr. Bo. a tall shrub, to 4 m h., with a lax crown; Seg.
bconical, 6-7 cm lg., dark purple, Ar. with ovate or + so, to 30 cm lg., dull green; Sp. 2-7 at
numerous yellow Glo. ; S. disc-shaped, 4 mm 0 . — first, to 1.6 cm lg., acicular, pale yellow, soon
Mexico (Michoacan, Palo Pintado, 350 m). dropping; FI.orange, c. 6 cm lg. and 0 . —Ecuador
(Cuenca).
O. bergeriana Web. (Al-c)
Bo. to 3.5 m h., with a trunk to 40 cm 0 , strongly O. borinquensisBr. & R. (Al-a)
rranching; Seg. narrowly oblong, to c. 25 cm lg. ; Bo.little branching, forming groups to 2 m br., 0.5
Sp. 2-3-5, subulate, brown or yellowish below, to 4 m h.; Seg. oblong-ovoid, matt, green, compressed-
em lg., + flattened; Glo. yellow to brownish; FI. rounded, to 8 cm lg., 4 cm br., 1.5 cm thick; Ar.
intense red; Fr. to 4 cm lg., red; S. flattened.— small; Sp. at first only 2-3, to 6 cm lg., brown at
Origin? (Known only in cultivation.) first, becoming white; FI. ?; Fr. ± ovoid, 1.5 cm
lg.—Puerto Rico.
J. bernichiana hort. (Al-b): probably a cross
between O. compressa and O. stricta ; often seen in O. brachycladaGriff. (Al-a)
5 European collections and particularly recom­ Bo. dwarf, much branching; Seg.broadly rounded
mended for planting in the open, in beds or for to + cylindric, small, grey, suffused red; Ar. +
: marnent, since it produces a prodigious wealth of prominent; Sp.0; Glo.light brown; FI.and Fr. ?—
blossoms. Bo. spineless, densely branching; Seg. USA (California, San Bernardino Mountains, San
obovate; FI. fairly large, yellow; F’r. red, oblong, Gabriel).
¿pineless.—Origin can no longer be established
"mentioned in the catalogue of the Marnier- O. bravoanaBaxt. (Al-b)
Lapostolle collection). (Fig. 278.) Bo. shrubby, to 2 m h., branching from the base;
Seg. oblong to + ovate, to 36 cm lg., 14 cm br.,
O. bisetosa Pitt. (A l-b ) smooth or somewhat velvety-papillose, ± tuber-
Bo. shrubby ; Seg. oval to oblong, pale green ; Rsp. culate at first; Sp- 0 to several, mostly 2-3, later 5,
several; Csp. 1, porrect; Sp. all white, the central flattened, weakly twisted, 2-6 cm lg., sometimes
one longest, twisted.—Venezuela. decurved, yellowish, later grey, darker below; Glo.
yellow; FI. 8 cm 0 , yellow with a reddish tint.—
O. b is p in o s a Backbg. (B2) Mexico (Baja California, S. of La Paz.)
Bo. prostrate, light to greyish-green; Seg. ovate-
linear, to 20 cm lg., to 8 cm br., narrower at first; O. brunnescensBr. & R. (B2)
Ar. with a violet spot; L. short, light green; Sp. Bo. forming a low spreading bush, to 1 m h.,
mostly 2, the longer to 5.5 cm lg., mostly porrect, without a trunk; Seg. fairly glossy, oblong to
the second one pointing + downwards, to 1.3 cm elongated or more circular, dull green, 15-30 cm
lg.. all at first brown to brownish-white, then lg.; Ar. with a violet spot; Sp. 2-5, brownish,
whitish-grey; FI. intense orange, c. 6 cm lg., 4 cm mostly 3, directed sideways and downwards, stout,
0 ; Fr. + oblong-spherical, red, to 5.5 cm lg.; S. often twisted, later to 4.5 cm lg.; FI.yellow; Fr.red,
pubescent.—NE. Argentina. (Fig. 279.) with Glo. but scarcely spiny, floral scar sunken,
red.—N. Argentina (Córdoba).
O. boldinghii Br. & R. (Al b)
Bo. erectly bushy, to 2 m h. ; Seg. matt, green, + O. caldcólaWherry (Al-a)
frosted, + ovate, to c. 20 cm lg. ; Ar. large, brown; Bo.creeping, ascending; R.fibrous; Seg.elongated
Sp. mostly absent or quite short, brown ; FI. 5 cm to + ovate, to 21 cm lg., 4-8 cm br., to 9 mm thick,
lg.. pinkish-red, rotate; Fil. pink; Fr. c. 4 cm lg., matt greyish to yellowish-green, weakly frosted at
spineless, ± ovoid.—Venezuela (NW. coast), first; L. to 8 mm lg., soon dropping; Sp. 0, present
Curaçao, Trinidad. only on seedlings and then minute, white; Glo.
355
OPUNTIA

numerous, light greyish-yellow or orange-yellow; shaped, flattened, border hairy.—Paraguay (Re-

FI. numerous, 7-10 cm 0 , mid to lemon-yellow; coleta near Asuncion).
Fr. slender-ovoid, to 4.5 cm lg., greyish-red; S.
greyish to orange-yellow.—USA (W. Virginia, N. O. cardona Web.: an undescribed plant which
of Bolivar). Weber himself regarded as synonymous with O.
streptacantha Lem., although the latter flowers
O. camanchica Eng. : Opuntia phaeacantha v. yellow to orange, while O. cardona has red FI.;
camanchica (Eng.) Borg. both have a ± tree-like habit. Possibly it is a cross
of O. streptacantha with a red-flowered species of
O. candeiabriformisMart. (Al-b) the “Streptacanthae”.
Bo.to c. 1m h., shrubby ; Seg.to 20 cm lg., 9 cm br.,
+ obovate; Ar. 3 mm 0 , brownish at first, then O. catingicola Werd.
white; Glo. white; Sp. 4-5, 3 of these stout, white, Bo. shrubby, to 1.5 m h.; Seg. oblong, to 15 cm lg.;
one to 3 cm lg., downcurving, compressed ; FI.8 cm Sp. to 5, acicular, yellowish; FI. light mid-red,
lg., to 7 cm 0 , carmine; Fil., style and Sti. relatively small.—Brazil (Bahia, between Mondo
carmine.—Mexico (acc. K. Schumann). Nuevo and Ventura, 600 m).
v. fulviceps Backbg.: Seg. rounded, to 8 cm br.
O. caninaSpeg. (Bl) also broadly rounded, intense to darker green;
Bo.prostrate or creeping, + erect at first, branches Ri. c. 20, strongly spiralled; Tub. discrete or +
to 3 m lg. ; Seg. + linear, light green, 23-35 cm lg., connected at the base to ± rounded; Ar. c. 3-4
4.5 cm br.; Sp. 0(-2), whitish; Ar. without a spot; mm lg., light brownish; Sp. scarcely differen­
FI. to 5 cm br., orange; Fr. oblong-ovoid, red tiated, 5 or more ± centrally arranged, light to
outside, greenish-white inside; S. white.— dark or reddish-brown at first, longest ones
Argentina (Jujuy, Pampablanca). curving ± towards the apex or erect and bent +
outwards, c. 1.5-5 cm lg., or more flexible if
longer.
O cantabrigiensisLynch (Al b)
Bo. erectly shrubby, to 2 m h. ; Seg. circular to + O. cedergreniana Backbg. (Bl)
ovate, 12-20 cm lg., rather pale bluish-green; Ar.
Bo. forming low, lax colonies; Seg. chain-like,
brown ; Sp. acicular, mostly 3-6 or more, rather creeping, suffused reddish, only moderately taper­
spreading, brown or reddish below, yellow above,
to 4 cm lg. ; Glo. numerous, 1 cm lg. or more, ing below, to 10 cm lg., 6 cm br.; Ar. set on flat
yellowish; FI.to 6 cm lg., yellowish with a reddish Tub.; Sp. to 6, longest ones to 7 cm lg., light
centre; Ov. with longer Br.-Sp. above; Fr. spheri­ reddish-brown or flecked with that colour, others
cal, 4 cm 0 , purple; S. small.—Mexico (San Luis to 3.8 cm lg., some sometimes very short and thin,
Potosí; Hidalgo; Querétaro). reddish at first; FI. yellow; S. yellowish,
wrinkled.—N. Argentina (Los Andes).
O. canteraiArech. (Bl) O. chaffeyi Br. & R. (Al-a)
Bo. erectly bushy, to 1 m h.; Seg. glossy green, Bo. dwarf, in habitat with the growth above­
slender-oblong, to 20 cm lg., 4-6 cm br., tapering to ground probably only annual; R. large, fleshy,
the base; Sp. 0(—1— 2), 2 cm lg., whitish, brownish- deep in the ground, to 35 cm lg., 4 cm thick; St. to
tipped; Ar. with a violet spot; FI. c. 4.5 cm 0 , 15 cm lg., to 25 cm lg. in cultivation, often flaccid,
orange ; Fr. + pear-shaped, 5 cm lg. ; S. prostrate, freely branching; Seg. to 5 cm lg., 7 mm
flattened.—Uruguay (coast). thick, slightly flattened, pale bluish-green or
reddish, smooth; L. minute; Ar. with wool brown
O. caracasanaSD. (Al-b) first, later white; Sp. 1(—
2—3), acicular, to 3 cm lg..
Bo. bushy, to 1.2 m h. ; Seg. ± oblique-oblong, white or pale yellow; Glo. numerous, yellow; FI.
tapering above and below, to 12.5 cm lg., thick, lemon-yellow; Fr. ?—Mexico (Zacatecas, Maz-
pale green; Sp. 2-4, unequal, 2.5^1 cm lg., pale apil).
yellow; FI. and Fr. ?—Venezuela (Caracas, in the
mountains). O. chakensis Speg. (B3)
Bo. ± tree-like, with a ± spineless trunk, to 3 m h.:
O. cardiospermaK. Sch.(B2) Seg. dark green, slender-lanceolate, tapering to
Bo. erectly shrubby; Seg. leaf-green to lighter, both ends, to 30 cm lg., 9-12 cm br.; Sp. 0(—1— 2),
oblong to narrowly obovate, tapering below, to 15 whitish; Ar. without a spot; FI. 6 cm 0 , dark
cm lg. ; Sp. 0(—1—2), 1 cm lg., brownish, becoming yellow to orange-yellow; Fr. pear-shaped, purple,
white ; Ar.with a dark green spot ; FI.? ;Fr.slender green inside; S. lens-shaped.—N. Argentina (N.
pear-shaped, 7.5 cm lg., only Glo. present ; S.heart­ and S. Chaco).
356
 OPUNTIA

O. charlestonensis Clokey: Opuntiaphaeacanthav. O. covilleiBr. & R. (Al-b)

charlestonensis(Clokey) Backbg. Bo.erectly shrubby, forming thickets ; Seg.circular
to ± ovate, pale green, 10-20 cm lg. or more, +
O. chloroticaEng. & Big. (A1 -b) frosted, also reddish; Ar. 4 cm apart; Sp. 3—4(—5),
Bo. erectly shrubby, with a trunk, to 2 m h., white at first, later brown, thin, unequal, to 6 cm
branches erect; Seg. ovate to circular, sometimes lg. ; FI.large, yellow.—USA (S. California).
even broader than long, to 20 cm lg., bluish-green, O. occidentalis, with which this spec, is often
r frosted; L. subulate, small, red-tipped; Sp. confused, grows larger and is found nearer the
several, mostly decurved to appressed, + bristly- coast ; Sp. directed more downwards, + bent.
fine to stiffer, 3-4 cm lg., mid-yellow; Glo. fairly
numerous, yellow, long; FI. yellow, to 7.5 cm 0 , O. crassaHaw. (Al-b)
throat green, turning red as FI. fades; Fr. purple, Bo. erectly shrubby, somewhat branching; Seg.
white inside, 4 cm lg., shortly spined; S. small.— frosted, bluish-green, ovate to oblong, thick, to
USA (New Mexico to Nevada and California). 12.5 cm lg. ; Ar. brown; Sp. mostly 0, never more
than 2, to 2.5 cm lg. ; FI.yellow ; Fr.spherical, wine-
O. cochabambensisCard. (B3) red.—Origin ? (Often cultivated in tropical Amer­
Bo. forming small trees, to 1.2 m h., trunk 3^1 cm ica).
0 , with Sp. up to 40 or more in number, very thin,
appressed, to 2 cm lg.; Seg.to 30 cm lg., to 4-5 cm O. cretochaetaGriff. (Al-c)
br.. flat; Ar. white; Sp. 3-5, acicular, 2-3 cm lg., Bo. tree-shaped, to 4 m h., with a lax crown, with a
whitish, more appressed or more spreading; FI. trunkto over 1 m lg. ; Seg. ± ovate, to 32 cm lg., 17
rotate, 5 cm lg., lemon-yellow; Ov. with yellow cm br., broadest above midway, dark green, then
Glo. and Sp.; Fr. 3 cm 0 , purple, Ar. with white yellowish-green, smooth; L.conical; Ar. grey; Sp.
felt and crowded Glo.—Bolivia (Cochabamba). I at first, then 2-5, to 5 cm lg., + curving, white, or
sometimes flattened, twisted; Glo.light yellow; FI.
O. comonduensis(Coult.) Br. & R. (Al-a) deep orange, 5.5 cm 0 ; Fr.light purple, to 5.5 cm
Bo.low-growing, forming groups to 20 cm h.; Seg. lg., Ar. with 1 white Sp.—Mexico (Dublan).
ovate to circular, to 15 cm br., delicately velvety;
Ar.brown; Sp.in the upper part of the Ar., 1—2(—3) O. crystaleniaGriff. (Al-b-c)
at first, later to 10, to over 3-5 cm lg., yellow; Glo. Bo.erect, to 2.5 m h. ; Seg.bluish-green, frosted, ±
yellow; FI.yellow to whitish, 6 cm lg.; Fr. purple, 4 broadly ovate, to 25 cm lg. ; L. subulate ; Sp.only in
cm lg., spineless; S. thick.—Mexico (Baja Cali­ the upper part of the shoot, (l-)2(-4), the longest
fornia, Comondu). ones to 1.5 cm lg., white; Glo. yellow; FI.yellow;
Fr. + spherical, c. 4.5 cm 0 , mauve, with thin
Sp.—Mexico (Cardenas).
O. compressa(Sal.) Macbr. (Al-a) (T.)
Bo. spreading-prostrate; R. fibrous; Seg. ovate or 0. cumulicolaSmall (Al-b)
± circular, light or pale green, 5-10 cm lg., 5-6 cm Bo.erect, to over 1m h. ; Seg.light green, elliptic to
br.: L. mostly appressed; Sp. mostly 0, rarely 1, + circular or ovate, to 30 cm lg., thick ; L. subulate ;
stouter, brownish to light-coloured, to 2.5 cm lg.; Sp.over all the surface, or the margins only, mostly
Glo. greenish; FI. 5 cm 0 , pale yellow.—USA (on 1, or with a second, very small, not over 3 cm lg.,
the plains E. and SE. of the Alleghanies). See O.
light yellow at first, then light grey or whitish ; FI.to
humifusa Raf.! II cm 0 , deep yellow; Fr. ± ovoid, to 5 cm lg.,
purple; S. numerous.—USA (Florida, sand-dunes
O. (Platyopuntia) conjungens (FR 895): no de­ in the S.)
scription yet available.—Bolivia.
O. curassaviea(L.) Mill. (Al-a)
O. cordobensisSpeg. (B3) Bo. half-creeping, low-growing, little branching,
Bo.erectly shrubby, almost tree-like, to 2 m h., with also pendant ; Seg.not tuberculate, always smooth,
a robust spiny trunk, to 20 cm 0 ; Seg. elliptic to oval to oblong, distinctly flattened, light green; Sp.
rhombic, greyish-green, to c. 30 cm lg., not very 4 at first, later numerous and white, to 2.5 cm lg.,
thick; Ar. fairly numerous; Sp. 1-6, white, with white H. ; Glo.developing later ; FI.to 5 cm 0 ,
subulate, sometimes + compressed and twisted; yellow, with a slight brownish tinge; Fr. ?—
FI. mostly borne on the margins, yellow, c. 8 cm 0 ; Curaçao archipelago.
styleorange; Fr.pale yellow inside and out, c. 8 cm v. colombiana Backbg. : differs from the type as
lg., top-shaped, sometimes tinged slightly pink, follows; Seg. rather shorter; Sp. brown (not
often empty of S.; S. 3 mm lg.—N. Argentina yellowish).—Colombia (Straits of the Rio Mag­
(Cordoba). dalena).
357
OPUNTIA

O. curvospinaGriff. (A 1 -c) tuberculate, velvety, dark green, to 12 cm lg.; Sp.

Bo. + tree-like, to 2.4 m h., with a distinct trunk 2-3, reddish to pale brown, to 2.5 cm lg.; Glo.
and a rounded crown; Seg. ± circular, to 22 cm 0 , developed later, yellow; FI. ?—N. Venezuela (Zig
smooth, frosted, greyish-green, later yellowish- Zag).
green; Ar. light brown at first; Sp. numerous,
porrect, mostly 6,4 of these yellow and 2 white, to 5 O. depressaRose (Al-a-b)
cm lg., flattened, twisted, pointing in all direc­ Bo. low-growing, spreading and creeping, some­
tions ; Glo.yellow; FI.to 7 cm 0 , yellow, + reddish times to 60 cm h., forming colonies to 4 m br.; Seg.
in the centre; Fr.dark red, colourless inside, to 10 velvety at first, dark green, ± oval, 20 cm lg.; Sp.
cm lg., Sp. dropping. USA (California, Nipton; mostly 1, or 1-3 shorter Ssp., yellowish; older
Nevada, Searchlight).—Possibly only a form of O. shoots to 30 cm lg., with 4-5 Sp.; FI.red; Fr.small,
chlorotica. spherical, with large clusters of brown Glo.—S.
Mexico (Tehuacan).
O. cymochila Eng.: Opuntia tortispinav. cymochila
Eng.) Backbg. O. dillenii(Ker-Gawl.) Haw. (Al-b-c)
Bo. low-growing, spreading to form thickets, or
O. darrahianaWeb. (Al-a) erect, large and much-branching, to 3 m h. and then
Bo. in low colonies, to 25 cm h., 40 cm br., freely forming a trunk; Seg.subovate to oblong, to 40 cm
branching; Seg. green to sea-green, rather flat, lg., sometimes wavy, bluish-green, somewhat
oval, 8 cm lg., 5 cm br.; Sp.c. 6, to 4.5 cm lg., white frosted, glossy green at first; Ar. large, brown or
to greyish-white, brownish-tipped, + erect; Glo. white, distant; L. + bent; Sp. very variable,
absent ?; FI.and Fr. ?—Bahamas (Turks Islands). sometimes absent, to 10 on new shoots, +
flattened, curving or straight, sometimes terete,
O. deamiiRose (Al-b) yellow, or banded and/or spotted brown, to 7 cm
Bo. erect, to c. 1 m h., with a trunk; Seg. few, lg., mostly shorter, later brownish; FI.to 8 cm lg.,
ascending, spreading, very large, to 30 cm lg., + sometimes reddish at first, normally lemon-yellow;
ovate to lanceolate, smooth, light leaf-green, later Fr. spherical to pear-shaped, 5-7.5 cm lg., purple,
dark green; Ar. small; Sp. 2-6, mostly 4, white or spineless, juicy.—USA (SE. coast), Bermudas, W.
matt yellow, 3-5.5 cm lg., stiff, somewhat flattened, Indies, N. Venezuela. Naturalised in S. India and
spreading, subulate; FI.7 cm lg., reddish; Fr. 6 cm Australia.
lg., oblong, wine-red, with a few Sp. above, red v. tehuantepecanaH. Bravo—Cact. y. Sue. Mex.,
inside; S.small.—Guatemala (Fiscal, Sanarata). IX: 3, 55-56. 1964. Bo. tall, shrubby to + tree­
like, in part like the type, but differing as follows:
O. decumbensSD. (Al-a) Seg. more yellowish-green, 30 cm lg., 20 cm br.;
Bo. low to creeping or to c. 40 cm h.; Seg. to c. 20 Sp.only 1-3, 2-3 cm lg., white or tipped whitish-
cm lg. or less, oval to oblong, finely velvety; Ar. brown, banding absent; FI. larger, greenish-
yellow with a red spot; Sp. 0-1 or more, thin, stiff, yellow; Fil.greenish-yellow, shorter; stylerather
to 4 cm lg., yellow; FI.numerous, to 4 cm lg., dark elongated, little projecting, green; Fr.long pear-
yellow; Fr. intense purple, juicy.—Mexico and shaped, tapering below, to 10 cm lg., yellowish-
Guatemala. green, with Ar. 2 mm lg., with 1 coffee-coloured
Sp. above, 5 mm lg.; S.4 mm lg., horn-coloured,
O. delaetiana(Web.) Web. (B3) surface hairy.—Mexico (Oaxaca and Chiapas,
Bo.shrubby to tree-like, height unknown; Seg.thin Isthmus of Tehuantepec). FI. can also be almost
and spineless, becoming stouter, vivid green, white.
narrowly oblong, somewhat sinuate, to 25 cm lg., 8
cm br.; Sp. (0-)3-4, horn-coloured; FI. 8 cm 0 , O. discolorBr. & R. (Bl)
orange-yellow; Fr. oblong to pear-shaped, to 7 cm Bo. creeping, with tangled branches; Seg. of
lg.—Paraguay, NE. Argentina. irregular length, dark green, thickish, narrow-
elongated, 3-12 cm lg., 1.5-2.5 cm br.; Sp. 1-6,
O. delicataRose (Al-a) brownish, to 3 cm lg.; Glo. developing later,
Bo. prostrate; Seg. ovate to subcircular, thin, numerous; FI.3 cm 0 , light to orange-yellow; Fr.
bluish-green, + frosted, 4-9 cm br.; Sp. in the small, red.—Argentina (Tucuman, Santiago del
upper Ar. of the Seg., 1-3, thin, brown, 3-4 cm lg.; Estero).
Glo. brown; FI. 5 cm lg., 6 cm 0 , yellow; Fr.
oblong, to 3 cm lg.; S.small.—USA (SE. Arizona). O. distansBr. & R. (B3)
Bo. erect, tree-like, to 4 m h., with a short trunkto
O. depauperataBr. & R. (Al-a) 15 cm 0 ; Seg. flat, bluish-green, later greyish-
Bo. to only 20 cm h.; Seg. slightly flattened, not green, long-oval, to 25 cm lg., 15 cm br.; Sp.0; FI.4
358
 OPUNTIA

cm lg. and 0 , orange-red.—Argentina (Cata- to 5 cm lg., rarely with several small Ssp. ; Glo.light
marca). to reddish yellow ; FI.4-7 cm lg., c. 4 cm 0 , yellow ;
Fr.pear-shaped, 4 cm lg.—Flaiti (in the NW.)
O. dobbieana Br. & R. (Al-b-c)
Bo. forming a low bush, or large and up to 4 m h.; O. data Lk. & O. (B3)
Seg. circular to shortly oblong or + ovate, 10-25 Bo. erectly shrubby, to 1-2 m h. ; Seg. deep green,
cm lg., pale green, very spiny; L.minute; Ar.small; oblong to obovate, to 25 cm lg., to 15 cm br., rather
Sp. 5-12, + acicular at first, white, later subulate, thick; Ar.with a dark spot; Sp.0-1, white; FI.c. 8
1-3 cm lg., with 2-4 recurved H. in the lower part of cm 0 , orange; Fr.clavate, wine-red.—Paraguay.
the Ar.; FI. to 6 cm lg., chocolate-brown (?); Fr.
red, juicy, to 5 cm lg., spiny at first.—Ecuador O. elatiorMill. (Al-c)
ibetween Huigra and Sibambe). Bo.tall-shrubby, to 5 m h. ; Seg.olive-green, oval to
+ round, 10-40 cm lg.; L. green, red-tipped; Sp.
O. drummondiiGraham (Al-a) 2-8, acicular, mostly terete, 2-7 cm lg., dark
Bo.prostrate, spreading, to 20cm h.; R.with bead- brown; FI. 5 cm 0 , dark yellow, striped red or
iike thickenings; Seg. thick, variable, linear to (when fading?) pink; Fr. subovoid, reddish, dark
broadly oblong or obovate, c. 12 x 6 cm, sometimes red inside.—Panama, Colombia, Curaçao, Ven­
darker around the Ar.; Sp. 0-4, to 4 cm lg., ezuela.
brownish-red to grey; FI.6 cm 0 , yellow; Fr. red,
clavate to ovoid, 3.5 cm lg., spineless.—USA (N. O. ellisianaGriff. : generally regarded as an ecotype
Carolina to Florida). of Opuntia lindheimeri Eng. ; Seg.spineless, at least
at first; Ar.white-felty; L. bent strongly outwards;
O. durangensisBr. & R. (Al-b) FI. light orange-yellow; Fr. obovoid, glabrous,
Bo. rarely more than 1 m h., occasionally larger, mauve, floral scar flat, Ar. whitish.—USA (Texas).
relatively little branching; Seg. circular to oval, to
20 cm br., weakly velvety, frosted; Ar. numerous; O. engelmannii SD. (Al b)
Sp. 3-5, to 1.5 cm lg., yellow, at least below, later Bo. erect-shrubby, without a trunk, to 2 m h.,
darker, pungent; Glo.yellow or brown; FI.amber- mostly lower; Seg. circular to oblong, pale green,
yellow, 5 cm lg.; Ov.finely velvety; Fr.white or red, to 30 cm lg. ; Ar.becoming large ; Sp.often missing
shortly spiny.—Mexico (city of Durango and in the lower part of the shoot, otherwise 1-4, later
surrounding mountains). to 10, + spreading, whitish, darker below, to 5 cm
lg.; Glo. brown, yellow-tipped; FI. large, yellow;
O. eburnispinaSmall (Al-a) Fr.4 cm lg., red, spineless.—USA (S. States) to N.
Bo. prostrate, forming low colonies; R. napiform; Mexico (Durango to Sonora),
Seg. oval or subcircular, pale green, to 13 cm lg., v. discata(Griff.) C. Z. Nels. ; Seg. bluish-green,
slightly glossy; L. pale green, subulate, somewhat to 25 cm br. ; Ar.brown ; Sp.2-7, 2-5 cm lg., grey
curving; Sp. 1-2-4, stout, ivory-white, yellow- with a dark base, or dark to blackish brown.—
upped at first, then dark grey, greenish when wet; USA (S. Arizona), Mexico (N. Sonora).
FI.4-5 cip 0 , yellow; Fr. subovoid, to 2 cm lg.—
USA (Florida: on sand, near Cape Romano). O. erectoclada Backbg. (Bl)
Bo. low, + creeping, forming colonies; Seg. dark
O. echios Flow.: Opuntia galapageia v. echios green, to c. 5 cm lg., 4 cm br., larger in grafted
iHow.) Backbg. plants ; L. red ; Sp.at first very small, very thin, 2 at
first, later more, 2-3, pungent, spreading, light-
O. eichlamiiRose (Al-c) coloured ; FI.c. 4 cm 0 , glossy, deep carmine ; Fr.3
Bo.eventually tree-like, with the principal branches cm lg., with several brownish Sp., carmine inside
± erect; Seg.glossy, green, circular to ± ovate, to and out; S. ± wrinkled, kidney-shaped.—N.
20 cm lg., + frosted; L.minute; Ar.small; Sp.4-6, Argentina (Salta, Cachipampa). (Fig. 280.)
unequal, to 2 cm lg., pink at first, soon becoming
white, spreading, larger ones flattened; Glo. O. erinacea Engl. ; an unclarified spec. The plant to
brown; FI. 3.5 cm lg., carmine; Fr. 4 cm lg., which this name is usually attributed is Opuntia
tuberculate, not edible.—Guatemala (near the hystricinav. bensoniiBackbg.
capital).
O. excelsaSanchez-Mejorada 1972
O. ekmaniiWerd. (Al-a) Bo. tree-like, 8-12 m h., with a woody trunk 5-6 m
Bo. low, to 30 cm h., segmented; Seg. not h., 40 cm 0 ; branchesoblong to truncate, 30 cm lg.,
tuberculate, 10cm lg., 3.5cm br.; Ar. distant, with 22 cm br., dark green, sometimes quite spineless;
grey to yellowish flocky felt; Sp. 2—4(— 5), acicular, Ar.23-28 mm apart, elliptic ; Glo.short, ochreous ;
359
OPUNTIA

Sp. 1-3, rarely 3-5, 4-18 mm lg., greyish-white, 40 cm br. ; Seg. ± without Tub., subterete or often
darker-tipped; FI. orange-pink to yellowish- ± flattened, mostly dark green, to 4 cm lg, ; Ar.
salmon, with a magenta-red M.-line; Fr. pear- small, white; Sp. mostly 1-4, upper one angular,
shaped, 7-8 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , purplish-red suffused stout, to 3 cm lg., yellowish-brown, often lighter
greenish; S. numerous, 4 mm lg., 2 mm thick. above; Glo. yellowish-whitish ; F!. 5 cm 0 , pale
Individuals have been known to reach 14 m h.— yellow to pale reddish-yellow; Fr.dry, tuberculate,
Mexico (Jalisco, Playa Blanca, La Huerta). very spiny; S. yellow, flat.—British Columbia:
USA (Washington; Oregon to Arizona and NW.
O. feroacanthaRose (Al-c) Texas). (Fig. 281.)
Bo. tall-shrubby, to 3 m h., trunk with large Sp.; v. brachyarthra (Eng.) Coult. : Seg.with swollen
Seg. oblong or subovate, to 20 cm lg., smooth; Ar. Tub. ; Sp. 3-5, stouter, terete; FI.2.5 cm 0 ;
few, brown; Sp. l—2( 3 4),matt white, one usually v. denudata Wiegand & Backbg.: Seg. rather
very short, later brown below; FI.4 cm 0 , colour thick, more strongly flattened, to c. 3.75 cm br.,
?—Mexico (Sinaloa, Nayarit). usually spineless but sometimes with an oc­
casional, quite short Sp. ; FI. yellow to pink.—
O. ficus-indica(L.) Mill. (Al-c) USA (Utah);
Bo. tall-shrubby, to ± tree-like and then with a v. parviconspicua Backbg. : Seg. ovate to round,
trunk, to 5 m h., and usually with a larger crown; small, weakly tuberculate, scarcely flattened,
Seg. oblong to ± spatulate, fairly broad, to c. 50 bluish-green, ± reddish at first, to 5 cm lg., 2.7
cm lg.; Ar. small; Sp. 0; Glo. numerous, yellow, cm br., 1.7 cm thick, Sp. mostly missing, or fine
soon dropping; FI.to 10 cm 0 , yellow or orange- and short, to 1cm lg., white, brown-tipped ; Glo.
red (and the Fr. then red); Fr.usually reddish with tufted in older Ar., younger Ar. white-felty ; FI.
a yellow tint.—Origin? Extensively planted in the yellow, c. 5 cm 0 . —USA (locality ?)
tropics, subtropics and S. Europe, also for its edible
fruits. The following are distinguished by the O. fuliginosaGriff. (Al-c)
divergent colour or form of the Fr.: Bo.tree-shaped, strongly branching, to 4m h. ; Seg.
v. alba: Fr. whitish; a form with rudimentary S. circular to oblong, to 30cm lg., glossy ; Ar.distant ;
is v. asperma, and a still smaller one is subv. Sp.few, rarely to 6, thin, acicular, dark brown, to 4
minor; v. lutea has yellow Fr.; in v. pyriformis cm lg., also horn-coloured; Glo. yellow to brown;
the Fr. are pear-shaped with a “stem”, nankeen- FI. yellow at first, becoming red, to 6 cm lg. ; Fr.
yellow inside, yellow outside, with reddish or pear-shaped, red, to 4 cm lg.—Central Mexico.
violet veins, to over 12 cm lg., with few S.; v.
rubra has a carmine Fr.; in v. serotina the Fr. is O. fuscoatraEng. (Al-a)
oval, nankeen-yellow or yellow with a reddish
tint (names in Borg’s “Cacti”, all of them merely Bo. low, with spreading branches ; Seg. circular to
garden-names). subovate, tuberculate, to 8 cm lg.; Sp. 1-2-3, to 3
v. splendidaWeb. is reputedly a form which never cm lg., one Sp. rather stout, rarely yellowish,
flowers and is thus sterile; at one time much used mostly darker brown to ± black, sometimes ±
flattened; FI. 7.5 cm 0 , yellow; Fr. to 5 cm lg..
in the production of cochineal; red.—USA (E. Texas).
O. ficus-indica f. reticulata Backbg. is an
interesting form, with a net-like pattern outlined
in brownish felt. O. fusicaulisGriff. (Al-c)
Bo. to 5m h. ; Seg. bluish-green, frosted, to 40 cm
O. flavescensPeebles (Al-b) lg., longer than broad, tapering at the ends,
Bo. shrubby; Seg. yellowish-green, circular to spineless; Glo. often missing; Ar. small, brownish;
obovate, to 22cm lg., 17cm br.; Sp. 1^1,only in the FI. ?;Fr. greenish-white.—Origin ?
upper part of the Seg., to 2.5 cm lg., stout and stiff,
yellowish-tipped, brownish below, or white to O. galapageiaHensl. (Al-b, 1-c)
faded grey with a red or reddish-brown base; Glo. In the text introducing this genus I stated my views
brown; FI. yellow; Fr. red to purple, yellowish- on the question of whether the Galapagos Opun­
green inside; S. straw-coloured, compressed.— tias consist of only one species with several
USA (Arizona, Sells). varieties, or of several distinct species ; however the
following remarks deserve mention here: In the
O. fosbergii C. B. Wolf: a hybrid between Botanical Garden of “Les Cèdres” (Marnier
Cylindropuntia bigelowii and C. echinocarpa. collection) I was able to study the fairly extensive
living material; this came from a number of the
O. fragilis(Nutt.) (Al-a) islands, including many juvenile plants, and was
Bo. low, branching, forming colonies to 20 cm h., forwarded by Mr. Brosset of UNESCO’s “Charles
360
 OPUNTIA

Darwin” station in Quito. This material, in C. & S. J. [US], XXXIV: 4, 104. 1962).
particular the habitat spination, clearly showed Seg. more pendant, trunk rather stouter; Fr.
that here was one species only, with numerous spineless, 5.5-8 cm lg., tapering below.—
intermediates. The former specific names erected Barrington Island;
by Weber, Schumann, Stewart and Howell can subv. inermis (Daws.) Backbg., n. comb. (O.
therefore no longer be maintained as such, and are echios v. inermis Daws., 1. c. 103, 1962).
listed below as varieties. Dr. Baur recognised FI. 7.2 cm lg.; Ov. 4.8 cm lg.; Fr. spineless,
(1891-92) that O. galapageia had a tall trunk in the spherical, 2-A cm lg.—Albemarle Island;
south, this trunk-development reducing as one goes subv. prolifera (Daws.) Backbg. n.comb. (O.
northwards until, in the northernmost islands, it is echios v. prolifera Daws., 1. c. 104. 1962).
entirely absent. My observation of individuals, Bo. with a more erect crown; Seg. in part
taken in conjunction with the more recent reports pendant; FI. only 2.2 cm br.; Ov. 4 cm lg.; Fr.
of Y. Dawson on the size and indumentum of to 6.5 cm lg., remaining attached and then
flowers and fruits, show that in each of the with mostly only unripe S.., or dropping and
islands—which had been separated long ago—a rooting to form young plants.—Indefatigable
characteristic modification had arisen. For ready Island;
identification, either of older specimens or juvenile v. giganiea(How.) Backbg.: Bo.tree-like, with a
plants, it is therefore essential to know from which long trunk, crown stout, sometimes hanging
island they come and, in the case of the tree-like down to the ground, overall height to 4-8-10 m.;
species, their flower-size. Otherwise the task is Seg.to 30 cm lg., 20 cm br., intense green; Ar.not
impossible, particularly in the case of younger very crowded; Sp.2.5-3 cm lg., or absent; Fr. +
plants. For this reason I am unable to follow spherical, spiny.—Indefatigable Island (Acad­
Dawson in his recent attempt to segregate the emy Bay). S.at maturity only in the upper part of
species once more. This was also the view of Dr. the Fr. (acc. Howell), or else filling the entire
Baur after his visit to many of the islands; but until cavity (acc. Dawson’s illustration);
the present time sufficient material has never been v. helleri (K. Sch.) Backbg.: Bo. shrubby,
available to prove the point. without a trunk, + prostrate, freely branching;
Accordingly I have segregated these Opuntias as Seg.elliptic to oblong or broadly lanceolate, pale
follows: yellowish-green to frosted bluish-green, deep
v. galapageia:Bo.tree-like, trunkthick, to 45 cm green at first, to 35 cm lg., 18 cm br.; Ar. 2 mm
0 , to 2 m h., crown broad and laxly spreading; lg., yellow, with a few H.; Sp. c. 20, yellowish-
Seg. at first intense dark green (new growth), brown, to 5 cm lg. below on juveniles, later to
then ± bluish-green, subcircular to oblong or + only 1.5 cm lg., not pungent; Glo. few, fairly
oval, to 40cmlg., 30cmbr.; Ar.to 4.5 cm apart; inoffensive; FI.to 5.5 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 , yellow;
Sp. to 20 or more, curly at first, weak, not sharp Ov,c. 3 cm lg., with bristly-fine brownish-yellow
or only later, finely acicular; Glo. present or Sp. 2 cm lg.; Fr. 3-5 cm lg., with Br.-Sp.—
absent; FI.only c. 2.5 cm 0 , yellow; Fr. 2.5 cm Islands: Tower, Bindloe, Wenman (type-
lg., broadly spherical, dropping and ripening on locality), Culpepper;
the ground.—Islands: Abingdon, James, Bar­ v. insularis(Stew.) Backbg.: Bo.mostly to 2 m h.,
tholomew, Jervis (Duncan?), rarely to 4 m, little branching, always with a
brossetiiBackbg. n.v. recognisable trunkwhich is spiny (often smooth
Bo.(since it originates on Charles) probably tree- in other forms), crown to 1 m h.; Seg. broadly
11ke: Seg. oblong, epidermis blackish; Sp. firm, ovate, tapering and rounded above, greyish-
pungent, whitish-yellowish to straw-coloured; green, to 30 cm lg., 20 cm br.; Ar.fairly crowded;
FI. and Fr. unknown.—Charles Island. (Fig. Sp. rather stiff, thin, shorter; Glo. missing, at
282.); least later; FI. only 3.5 cm 0 ; Fr. 2-4 cm lg.—
v. echios(How.) Backbg.: Bo.still taller than the Albemarle Island. This variety must be regarded
type, in part to 8 m h., trunkto 4 m lg., crown + as an intermediate form between the southern to
erect, lax, sometimes + pendant; Seg. light central variety with quite a tall trunk—O. echios
green, + oval to elliptic; Ar. fairly crowded, v. inermis, which also occurs on Albermarle—
brownish; Sp.stiffly acicular, pungent, 11-13 cm and those with a short trunk (v. saxicola, also
lg., straw-yellow to brownish, to 13; Glo.brown; found on Albermarle) to those lacking any trunk
FI.c. 7 cm lg., tapering conically below; Ov. 3.5 (v. helleri and v. zacana); the latter occur on the
cm lg.; Pet. yellow; Fr. to 6 cm lg., dropping, islets close to the main northern islands;
weakly spiny.—Indefatigable Island (Conway v. myriacantha (Web.) Backbg.: Synonym:
Bay) and the nearby island of Plaza. (Fig. 283.); Opuntia megasperma How.:
subv. barringtonensis (Daws.) Backbg. Bo.tree-like, to c. 4 m h., trunkto c. 2 m lg., crown
n.comb. (O. echios v. barringtonensis Daws., broad, rounded, dense; Seg. yellowish-green, to
361
OPUNTIA

35 cm lg., 20 cm br.; Ar. 1-2 cm apart; Sp. later not described; Fr. to 8.5 cm lg., 4.5 cm 0 , rarely
to 10 cm lg., yellow, + downwardly directed; with short Sp.—North Seymour Island.
Glo. to 5 mm lg. or missing (Dawson); FI. c. 8 cm The progressive reduction in trunk-length from
lg. (Schumann; 7 cm lg. acc. Dawson), yellow; south to north, the uniformity of colour in flowers
Fr. not dropping, pear-shaped, ± unarmed, c. and spines, as well as a comparison of shoot-size,
8.2-17 cm lg.; S. few, large, compressed.—. testify to the Galapagos Opuntias being a single, +
Islands: Chatham, Hood with Gardner, Charles, variable species. Howell himself said that O.
Champion; saxicola and O. insularis, for instance, were closely
subv. orientalis (How.) Backbg.: FI. somewhat related to O. galapageia.
smaller, to 5.5 cm 0 ; Fr. 6-8 cm lg.; S. to 8
mm lg., 4 mm thick.—Gardner Island O. glaucescens SD. (A2-b)
(Howell), Chatham (Dawson). FI. (acc. Daw­ Bo. forming a low erect bush; Seg. oblong to
son) 5.5 cm lg., c. 4 cm 0 , not opening widely. subovate, to 15 cm lg., to over 5 cm br., + frosted,
(Fig. 284.) greyish-green, usually reddish at first around the
The fruits of the above variety and subvariety do Ar.; Ar. grey; Sp. 1-4, mostly elongated, to 2.5 cm
not ripen until the second year; all others in the lg., not very stout, light to ash-grey, eventually also
first year. These representatives from the SE. blackish; Glo. brown to pink; FI. small, flame to
islands must undoubtedly be attached to orange, even on the same plant; Pet. very erect; Ov.
Weber’s O. myriacantha, although Howell, in his green with red Br.—Mexico. Variable: new growth
work on the Galapagos Opuntias, dropped the sometimes bluish-green and Sp. light horn-
name as being “dubious”, or referred it to O. coloured, to 4.5 cm lg., also with very short Ssp.:
echios typica as a synonym. In this, he over­ Seg. broadly spatulate, probably transitional to the
looked Weber’s further description in type.
Schumann’s “Gesamtbschrbg.”, Appendix, 161.
1903, which mentions “tree-like habit” and O. gomei Griff.: a form of Opuntia lindheimeri Eng.
“flowers 8 cm lg.”, with the ovary 5 cm lg. The
locality first given for it is Charles Island. O. O. gorda Griff.: Opuntia robusta Wendl.
megasperma also originated there, or in the
southern islands. Confusion with the tree-like O.
echios found on Indefatigable is therefore O. gosseliniana Web. (Al-b)
excluded. Given Weber’s adequate descriptions, Bo. erect-shrubby, to c. 1 m h., branching from low
it was possible to establish which Opuntia was down; Seg. often broader than long, to 20 cm br..
intended, and that left only the similar plant rather thin, mostly ± reddish; Sp. mostly very
Howell had described as O. megasperma. flexible, not stout, projecting, 4—10 cm lg,, mostly
Dawson also made a classification based on the 1-2, less often 3 but occasionally more, light-
fruits. All comparative observations have de­ coloured to + reddish-brown, sometimes absent in
monstrated the unreliability of this approach, the lower part of the Seg.; FI. yellow; Fr. 4 cm lg.,
moreover Howell gives "O. megasperma” as spineless, with numerous Glo.—Mexico (Baja
having fruits 13-17.5 cm lg., while others were California; Sonora).
only 9.5 cm lg. The thickness of the fruit-wall is v. santa-rita (Griff. & Hare) L. Bens.: Seg.
equally variable, acc. Howell from 9-13 mm. circular, bluish-green, reddish only along the
Furthermore, both colour and size of the shoots margins or around the Ar.; Sp. 0-1, dark; FI.
tallies in the two plants. Weber’s name must mid-yellow, 7 cm 0 . —USA (SE. Arizona).
therefore be retained, because his description is
just as precise as that of Howell; O. grandiflora Eng. (Al-a)
v. saxicola (How.) Backbg.: Bo. with a short Bo. prostrate, somewhat ascending, darker green:
trunk to semi-shrubby, with a fairly dense Seg. 12.5-15 cm lg.; Sp. 0; Glo. thin; FI. yellow, to
crown, rarely taller; Seg. not pendant, nearly 12.5 cm 0 , centre red; Fr. oblong, 6 cm lg.—USA
circular, green to greyish-green, elliptic to + (Texas, Brazos).
ovate, to c. 30 cm lg., 20 cm br.; Ar. brown, not
very crowded; Sp. mostly more than 20, to 9 cm O. grandis Pfeiff. (A2-b)
lg., fairly stiff, pungent; FI. 5.5 cm br.; Fr. to 4 cm Bo. low-growing to erect-shrubby, to over 60 cm
lg.,3cm 0;S.3.5 mm lg.—Albemarle Island; h(! Seg. more circular than oblong, to 18 cm br..
v. zacana (How.) Backbg.: Bo. erect and reddish at first; L. pink; Sp. mostly 4, not very
shrubby, without a trunk, to 1.5 m (rarely to 2.5 stout, usually pointing ± downwards, whitish; FI.
m) h.; Seg.+ovate, + tapering below, to 35 cm 2 cm br., orange-reddish; Fr. spherical, c. 3.5 cm
lg., 25 cm br., light green; Ar. not very crowded; 0 , ± spiny, purple inside.—N. Mexico. Variable,
Sp. toe. 10, to 1cm lg., short and stiff;Glo. ?;F1. with insignificant differences (forms).
362
 OPUNTIA

O. greenii: see Opuntiahumifusa Raf. mostly circular; Sp.numerous, 2-3 cm lg. or more,
white; FI.yellow; Fr.red.—Mexico (Mazatlan, on
O. griffithiana Macks.: a form of Opuntia lind- the coast).
heimeriEng.
O. hoffmanniiH. Bravo (Al-a)
O. guatemalensisBr. & R. (A 1- a) Bo. very low, stongly branching; Seg. 2 cm br. or
Bo. low, spreading, resembling O. decumbens but thick, 6-10 cm lg., + tuberculate, velvety; Sp. 3-5
Seg. glossy not velvety, deep green; Ar. brown, at first, 1-3.5 cm lg., banded light brown and
with dark spots; Sp. 1-3, terete, acicular, glossy yellow, later white, very pungent; FI.yellow with a
white, dark-tipped soon greying, usually ± spread­ faint orange-reddish tint; Ov. velvety, with yellow
ing and downcurving; only 2.5 cm lg., lemon- wool and Sp.; Fr. reddish 4.3 cm lg.; S. yellow,
yellow. —Guatemala. circular—Mexico (Puebla: Tehuacan, Zapotit-
lan).
O. guerranaGriff. (Al-b)
Bo. erect-shrubby, to 1.2m h.; Seg. + circular to O. hondurensisP. C. Standi. (Al-c)
± oblong, 15-25 cm lg., thick, frosted; Ar. Bo. tree-like, trunk to 30 cm 0 , to 9 m h.; Seg. ±
brownish; Sp. 1-6, flattened and twisted, white to ovate to elongated-obovate, 13-22 cm lg., to 7 cm
yellowish; FI. yellow; Fr. spherical, “greenish- br., pale green; Sp. to c. 12, unequal, thin,
white” (perhaps refers to unripe Fr., since it has subterete, reddish-brown to rust-coloured, spread­
also been reported as being mauve, spiny.)— ing, longest ones 2-2.5 cm lg.; FI. and Fr. ?—
Mexico (Hidalgo, Dublan). Perhaps only an Honduras (Aguan valley).
ecotype of O. robusta Wendl. ?
O. horstii W. Heinr.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 10.
O. guilanchiGriff. (Al-b) 1963 (Al-b)
Bo. erectly shrubby, sometimes forming a sort of Bo. erectly shrubby, low-growing; Seg. circular,
trunk;Seg.broadly ovate, to 24 cm lg., to 16 cm br., each set at an angle to the preceding one, to c. 6.5
distinctly velvety; FI. ?; Fr. + spherical, 4 cm 0 , cm 0 ,6 mm thick, finely pitted, light matt bluish to
variously coloured.—Mexico (Zacatecas). greyish-green, suffused violet towards the margins
and around the Ar., older shoots more strongly
O. hanburyanaWeb. (Al-b) coloured; Ar. later c. 1.5 cm apart, to 3 mm lg.,
Bo. bushy, to 2 m h.; Seg. narrowly oblong, to 30 weakly grey-felty; L. to 5 mm lg., reddish to
cm lg., light green, glossy; Ar. brown or blackish; greyish-green; Glo. very small, c. 2 mm lg., or
Sp. several, acicular, spreading, + flattened and sometimes more densely clustering, to 4 mm lg.,
twisted, to 3 cm lg., yellowish-brown to lighter; FI. brilliant reddish-brown; Sp. occasionally present
small, yellow; Fr.small.—Origin ? on marginal Ar.; Rsp. to 3 mm lg., brownish-red,
somewhat acicular, Csp. stouter, 0-1, to 5 cm lg.,
O. heliaeMatuda (Al-a) upper third light to greyish-white, tip 2 mm lg.,
Bo. low, branches ± pendant, to 50 cm lg.; Seg. blackish-red to brown, bottom of the Sp. similarly
oblong to ovate or ± circular, to 10 cm lg., 8 cm br., coloured ; FI.and Fr. ?—Origin ? (Fig. 285.)
pale green, finely hairy; Sp. often absent, more Holotype in the Botanical Garden of Leipzig
rarely 1-2, to 1.5 cm lg.; Glo. reddish-yellow; FI. University, origin not known; named for the
yellow, 3.2 cm 0 . —Mexico (Chiapas, Monte curator, Horst, who rebuilt the war-damaged
Ovando, on cliffs). Leipzig Collection of cacti.
While the plant appears close to O. macrocentra,
O. helleri K. Sch.: Opuntiagalapageiav. helleri(K. the latter has larger shoots and lacks Rsp., and the
Sch.) Backbg. shoots are not so regularly set at an angle to one
another.
O. hernandeziiDC. (Al-b)
Bo. shrubby; Seg. dark green, to 25 cm lg., O. howeyiPurp. (Al-a)
somewhat tuberculate, rounded above; Sp. c. 2-4 Bo. semi-prostrate, bushy, low, spreading; Seg. ±
and more, acicular, thin, 2 equally long, 2 shorter; circular, medium-sized; Sp. stiff, greyish-white,
FI. pink; Fr.small, green, not very juicy.—Origin ? brown below, to 2.5 cm lg.; FI. pale yellow,
Perhaps a hybrid. greenish inside, limb reddish; Fr. spherical, red,
spiny.—Mexico (Salinas).
O. herrfeldtii Kupp.: OpuntiarufidaEng.
O. huajuapensisH. Bravo (Al-c)
O. hitchcockiiG. Ortega (Al-b) Bo. tree-like; Seg. fairly large, to 35 cm lg., 28 cm
Bo. low-shrubby, to 50 cm h.; Seg. light green, br., subovate to circular, dark bluish-green, faintly
363
OPUNTIA

velvety; Ar. grey; Sp. several, 4-5 in the upper part oblong to + ovate, to 15cmlg.,7.5cmbr. ;Sp. in
of the Ar., 1 cm lg., 3 in the lower part, 3-4 cm lg., every Ar., usually 6-14, 7.5-20 cm lg., very
yellowish-white, somewhat flattened, spreading flexible, only slightly compressed, very thin, of
downwards or curving; Glo. large, yellow, only in even length throughout the shoot, + thread-like,
the marginal Ar., also 4-6 Br. 5 mm lg., white, white or pale grey, sometimes to 20 bristle-like
twisted; FI. 5-6 cm lg., yellow.—Mexico (Oaxaca, Sp., reddish-white to brownish; FI. mostly
Huajuapán de León; Puebla, Tecamachalco). yellow.—USA (SE. California to Arizona).
Popularly known as the “Grizzly Bear” cactus.
O. humifusaRaf. (Al-a)
Bo. creeping, spreading; R. fibrous; L. spreading; O. impedataSmall (Al-a)
Seg. dark green(!), circular to subovate, 7.5-12.5 Bo. prostrate, densely branching; Seg.fairly thick,
cm lg.; Sp. mostly missing, sometimes 1, stiff, oblong to elliptic, to 15 cm lg.; Sp. 1-2 or more,
terete, to 2.5 cm lg., also 1-2 small Ssp., whitish, light grey, brown-tipped when moist, sometimes
often reddish above and below; Glo. reddish- salmon-coloured and slightly striped; FI. to 5.5 cm
brown ; FI.sulphur-yellow, to 8.5 cm br., often with br., light yellow; Fr. clavate, 3 cm lg.—USA
a reddish centre; Fr.clavate, glabrous, to 5 cm lg.; (Florida: dunes, Atlantic Beach).
S. compressed.—USA (from the SE. to far north).
See O. compressa (Sal.) Macbr. Synonyms: O. O. inaequilateralis Berg.: a cultivar from La
mesacantha Raf., O. rafinesquei Eng.; O. greenei Mortola, c. 1.2 m h., which is probably now lost;
Eng. (often regarded as a variety of the latter), O. Seg. fresh green, obliquely oblong, to c. 30 cm lg.,
oplocarpa Eng. and O. rafinesquei v. microsperma not frosted, lighter at first; Sp. 3-7, acicular to
Eng., are at most forms with only slight differences. stiffer, later to 15, to 4 cm lg., yellow at first, then
Eng. (often regarded as a variety of the latter), O. white; Glo.brown, in dense tufts; FI. large, yellow;
Fr. oblong, reddish, juicy and sweet.—Origin ?
O. hyptiaeanthaWeb, (Al-b)
Bo. erectly shrubby, to over 1 m h., much O. inamoena K. Sch. (A2-a)
branching; Seg. pale green, fresh green at first, Bo.forming low groups to 1m br., sometimes to 60
oblong to suboval, to 30 cm lg.; Sp. solitary at first, cm h.; R. fibrous; Seg. bluish to deep green,
with 2-3 white Br.-H., slightly pungent, later sometimes lighter at first, circular to oblong, to 3
4—6(—10) Sp. 1-2 cm lg., spreading or appressed; cm 0 , often thicker below; Sp. normally absent:
Glo. brownish; FI. red; Fr. spherical, yellowish, Glo. numerous at first, yellowish-brown, new Ar.
with long weak Glo.—Mexico (Oaxaca). white, also with downwardly directed hairlets, Glo.
and H. soon falling; FI. to 3.5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 ,
O. hystricinaEng. & Big. (Al-a) orange-yellow or orange-reddish; Fr. orange, to 3
Bo.prostrate, spreading; Seg. erect, 6-10 cm lg., to cm 0 . —Brazil (Pernambuco),
6 cm br., or circular; Ar. 1 cm apart; Sp. numerous, v. fiaviflora Backbg.: FI. light yellow, changing
pale brown to white, 3-10 cm lg., flattened, often to orange-reddish only when fading; Fr. num­
down-curving if longer, stiffer, not hair-like or erous, dark violet.
bristly, Ar. with Sp. throughout; Glo. yellow; FI.
6 cm lg., 7 cm 0 , orange or pink; Fr. 3 cm lg.,
dry, ovoid to oblong, spiny above.—USA (New O. insularis Stew.: Opuntia galapageia v. insularis
Mexico, Arizona, SW. Colorado, Nevada), (Stew.) Backbg.
v. bensonii Backbg.: forming groups to 30 cm br.,
20 cm h.; Seg. to 20 cm lg., to 7.5 cm br., more O. jaliscanaH. Bravo 1972
elongated than in the type; Sp. 4—9, to 5 cm lg., Bo. tree-like, 4 m h., with a trunk, freely branching:
somewhat flattened, moderately stiff, white or branches oblong, 20 cm lg. and 8-9 cm 0 , light
pale grey; Glo. to 3 mm lg.; FI. yellow, white, green; Ar. 2.5cm apart, round, scarcely felty; Glo.
intense pink or red, to 6.5 cm 0 ; Fr. 3 cm lg., short, yellow; Sp. 1-3, yellow, 5-15 mm lg.; FI.
cylindric, spiny.—USA (Arizona to Utah and reddish-orange.—Mexico (Jalisco, Zapotlanejo).
California: Mojave Desert);
v. nicholii(L, Bens.) Backbg.:groups to 1.8 mbr., O.jamaicensisBritt. & Harr. (Al-b)
to 20 cm h., prostrate; Seg. subcircular or Bo,erectly shrubby, sometimes with a short trunk,
narrower, 12.5-20 cm lg., 5-12 cm br.; Ar. 2 moderately branching; Seg. matt green, ± ovate,
cm apart; Sp. in every Ar., 4-7, longer ones in tapering below, flat, thin, readily detached, to 13
the upper part of the Seg., much flattened, cm lg., 5-7.5 cm br.; Sp. 1-5, mostly 2, acicular.
± flexible, often reddish at first, then white or white, to 2.5 cm lg.; FI. 4 cm 0 , light sulphur-
grey; FI. ?—USA (Arizona, Colorado Canyon); yellow with a + reddish M.-stripe.—Jamaica (S. of
v, ursina(Web.) Backbg.: in lax low groups; Seg. Spanish Town).
364
 OPUNTIA

O. johnsonii hort.: undoubtedly referable to Bo. shrubby, to over 1 m h.; Seg. light mid-green,
Opuntia macbridei Br. & R. or its v. orbicularis not bluish-green, young growth never reddish; Sp.
Rauh & Backbg.; at most a form, scarcely thinner than in O. robusta and other similar spec.;
differentiated; both plants are prostrate to + Fr. smaller, spherical, mauve, weakly spiny.—
creeping, with the first FI. of the season sunken Mexico (Baja California, Sierra de la Laguna).
on any shoot. The type, however, can grow to 60
cm h. O. lanceolataHaw. (Al-c)
Bo.eventually ± tree-like; Seg. oblong-lanceolate,
O. juniperinaBr. & R. (A 3 -a) more or less, matt green, not frosted, to c. 35 cm lg.,
Bo. low, spreading, not completely prostrate; Seg. somewhat tuberculate; Ar. small, distant; Sp. 0 or
subovate, fairly flat, to 12 cm lg., broadly rounded few, to only 1 cm lg.; Glo. yellow; FI. large,
above; Sp.only in the upper Ar. of a shoot, 1 main yellow.—Origin ? Possibly only a form or variety of
Sp. stouter, brown, to 4 cm lg., also several short O. ficus-indica, and clearly sharing its characters in
Ssp.: FI, light yellow; Fr. 3 cm lg., dry, spineless, part.
red; S.large, irregular.—USA (New Mexico, near
Cedar Hill). O. lasiacanthaPfeiff. (Al-b-c)
Bo. large, shrubby, ± forming a trunk; Seg. matt
O. keyensisBritt. (A 1-b) green, oblong to subovate, 20-30 cm lg.; Ar.small;
Bo. erectly shrubby, in groups to 3 m br.; R. Sp. mostly 1-3, acicular, 2^1 cm lg., white, rather
fibrous; Seg.elliptic, ovate to ± spatulate, to 30 cm spreading; Glo. numerous, dirty yellow to brown;
g., light green, thick; Ar. often quite large and FI.to 8 cm 0, yellow to intense orange; Fr.purple,
prominent; Sp.4—13, very short, mostly concealed inside also.—Central Mexico.
by the Ar.-wool and Glo., pink at first, then
salmon-coloured, somewhat flattened; FI. beaker O. lataSmall (Al-a)
to bellshaped, salmon-red, to 3.5 cm br.; Fr.ovoid, Bo. prostrate, forming colonies to 1 m br.,
to 6 cm lg., purple; S. numerous.—USA (Florida’ somewhat ascending; R. stout; Seg. elliptic to
Hammocks, Keys). narrowly oval, thick, 4—15 cm lg., intense green,
rather frosted, especially initially; Sp. mostly on
O. kiska-loro Speg. (Bl) the margins of the shoots, thin, mostly 2, pink or
Bo. prostrate, in broad colonies, branches rooting, banded red, terete, sometimes + twisted; Glo.
:o 3 m lg.; Seg. light green, + linear, to 35 cm lg., numerous; FI. yellow, 7-9 cm 0 ; Fr. clavate, to
4.5 cm br.; Sp. 0(-l-2), whitish; FI. 4-5 cm br., 6.5 cm lg., red to purplish-reddish; S. numerous.—
orange; Fr. 5cm lg., purple-violet, white inside.— USA (Florida, N. part of the peninsula).
Argentina (more northern areas) to E. Bolivia.
O. lemaireana Cons.: Opuntia vulgaris v. lemair-
O. laetevirensBackbg. (Bl) eana (Cons.) Backbg.
Bo. prostrate; Seg.glossy, mid-green, to c. 6 cm lg.,
4 cm br., irregularly pitted; Ar. brownish; Sp. O, leucotrichaDC. (Al-c)
unequal, pale yellow at first, then stouter and Bo.in habitat to 5 m h., with a trunk,the latter and
yellowish, to c. 4,to c. 1.7cm lg.; Glo.light, longer; branches covered with long Br.-Sp.; Seg. circular
FI. ?—Origin ? (S. Bolivia or N. Argentina ?). to oblong, 10-20 cm lg., velvety; Ar. moderately
crowded; Sp.more in the lower part of the Ar., 1-3,
O. laevisCoult. (Al-b) white, to 8 cm lg., flexible, weak but somewhat
Bo. laxly shrubby, to 2 m h., mostly lower in pungent, stiffer at first; Glo.yellow; FI.yellow, 6-8
cultivation; Seg. oblong to ± ovate, 15-30 cm lg., cm 0 ; Fr.spherical, 4-6 cm lg., variable in colour,
light green; Sp. often 0, mostly 1-3, short, to 1 cm white to red or + violet.—Mexico (Durango,
lg.. only in the upper part of the Seg., whitish-grey; central plateau).
FI. to 7 cm 0, lemon-yellow, suffused pink; Fr.
ovoid, to 7cm lg.—USA (Arizona), probably also O. lindheimeriEng. (Al-b-c)
N. Mexico (N. Sonora). Bo. variable in habit, shrubby to + tree-like, to 2-4
v. cañada(Griff.) Peebl.: Bo.to only 1m h., with m h. and then with a recognisable trunk, but also
a broad crown; Seg. to only 22 cmlg., glossy; Sp. much less; Seg. green to leaf-green, sometimes ±
dissimilar, white to yellow, flattened, sometimes frosted, circular to subovate, to 25 cm lg.; L.
twisted; Glo.often numerous at first; FI.yellow, subulate, ± flattened; Ar. distant; Sp. mostly 1-6,
centre red or orange; Fr. red.—USA (SE. often only 2, to 4 cm lg. and more, projecting, or
Arizona). shorter and only somewhat spreading, pale yellow
to whitish, also brownish and dark below, or Sp.
O. lagunaeBaxt. (Al-b) sometimes absent; Glo. yellow to brownish; FI.
365
OPUNTIA

yellow to dark red; Fr. ± pear-shaped, purple, v. flavidispinaBackbg.: Sp.mostly all yellow; FI.
sometimes oblong, 3.5-5.5 cm lg.—USA (SW. yellow;
Louisiana, SE. Texas), NE. Mexico (Tamaulipas). v. intermedia Backbg.: Rsp. yellowish; Csp.
An exceedingly variable spec. The tree-form was whitish; FI.light yellowish or peach-coloured.
named O. alta Griff., and an ecotype without Sp.
was called O. ellisiana Griff, (see this also). O. lubricaGriff. (Al-b)
v. chisosensis M. Anth.: more probably related Bo. forming low bushes to 45 cm h.; Seg.
to O. phaeacantha because of its low, compact subcircular to ± subovate, to c. 20 cm br., leaf-
habit to 1m h. and the following characters: Seg. green, glossy, papillose; Ar. prominent; Sp.
to c. 29 cm lg., 22 cm br.; Sp. 1-5, yellow at first, variable, 0-1-3, sometimes to 16, to 1.2-2.5 cm lg.,
sometimes reddish-orange; FI. ?; Fr. frosted, yellowish, translucent, sometimes darker below:
small, spherical, c. 4 cm lg., red inside.—USA Glo. to c. 5 mm lg.; FI.5-6 cm 0 , yellow, turning
(Texas, Big Bend, Chisos Mountains). reddish as it fades, especially in the throat; Fr.light
red, red inside, acid; S.small.—Mexico (Alonzo),
O. linguiformisGriff. (Al-b) v. aurea (Baxt.) Backbg.: Seg. c. 12 cm br. and
Bo.bushy, to 1 m h.; Seg.conspicuously elongated, lg., 2.75 cm thick, light green, finely papillose;
oblong or lanceolate, to over 40 cm lg., several Sp.0-1 or more, colourless; Glo.golden-brown,
times longer than broad, expanding above or else prominent; FI.yellow or (when fading?) pink, c.
more strongly tapering; Sp.few, often only 1-2, to 4 cm 0 ; Fr. slender-ovoid, fleshy, rarely with
c. 16 mm lg., yellow, thin to firmer, occasionally one Sp.—USA (SW. Utah, NW. Arizona.
longer; FI.7-8 cm 0 , yellow, reddening as it fades; California).
Fr. purplish-reddish.—USA (S. Texas, near San
Antonio). O. macateeiBr. & R. (Al-a)
Bo. prostrate; Seg. 2.5-6 cm lg., circular to
O. littoralis(Eng.) Cock. (Al-b) subovate, dull green, smooth, later + tuberculate;
Bo. shrubby, fairly low or to 1.2 m (-2 m) h.; Seg. Sp. 1-3, to 2.5 cm lg., brownish; FI. to 10 cm lg., 8
circular to oblong, thick, 15 cm lg. or more, dull cm 0 , yellow with a red centre; Ov. + cylindric, to
green; Ar.large; Sp. numerous, yellow, 1-2 cm at 6 cm lg., with Br. to 12 mm lg.—USA (Texas,
first, later much longer, also flattened, acicular, Rockport).
sometimes to 7 cm lg., + downwardly directed or
bent; FI. yellow, 8-12 cm br.; Fr. red, juicy, O. macbrideiBr. & R. (Al-b)
spiny.—USA (coast and islands of south Cali­ Bo. low-bushy, sometimes forming impenetrable
fornia). thickets; Seg. obovate, 6-8 cm br., to 15 cm lg.,
smooth, light green, becoming darker green; Ar.
O. longispinaHaw. (Al-a) brown at first; Sp. 2-4, grey to whitish or horn-
Bo.very low-growing, forming dense colonies;Seg. coloured, tipped yellowish, unequal, to 5 cm lg.,
disc-shaped to thicker below, also obliquely oblong stiffly subulate; FI. small, orange-reddish; Pet.
to subcircular, 2-3.5 cm lg.; Sp. all ± purple, obliquely erect; Fr. red to purple.—Peru (Huan-
scarcely differentiated, the outer ones (Rsp.) more uco). (Fig. 286.)
numerous and shorter, thin, ± appressed, the inner v.orbicularis Rauh & Backbg.: Bo. prostrate to
ones (Csp.) unequal, stouter, obliquely projecting, creeping; Seg. succeeding one another like
to c. 1cm lg. or more, to c. 4; FI.golden-yellow; Fr. beads, circular, faded greyish-green; FI.
?—NW. Argentina (Mendoza to Salta), scarlet.—N. Peru (Olmos-Jaen valley).
v. agglomerata Backbg.: Seg. crowded, more Opuntia johnsonii hort. is at best a more weakly
circular, weakly compressed, tuberculate; Sp. spined form; in all of them the first flowers of the
greyish-white, (1)2—3, rather short, one con­ annual growth can be sunken.
siderably longer;
v. brevispina Backbg.: Ar. without more num­ O. macdougaliana Rose (Al-c)
erous outer Rsp. at first; Glo. later in large Bo. tall-shrubby to tree-like, to 4 m h., branching
clusters, thin, with fine bristly Ssp., sometimes from near the base; Seg,oblong, to 30 cm lg., 8-10
1-2 which are longer, light horn-coloured, older cm br., finely velvety; Ar.more distant; Sp.mostly
ones to 1 cm lg.; 4, 2.5-4 cm lg., one of these longer, somewhat
v. corrugata (Pfeiff.) Backbg.: Seg. oblong to flattened, yellowish, later whitish; Glo. short,
subcircular; Sp. almost all white; FI. 2.5 cm lg., numerous, yellow; FI. dark orange, almost red­
peach-coloured (resembles O. multiareolata dish; Fr. spherical, 5 cm lg., red.—Mexico
which has oblique shoots and white Sp., but the (Oaxaca; S. Puebla).
latter is chain-like in habit, like O. picardoi and
O. obliqua which are close to it); O. mackenseniiRose (Al-a)
366
 OPUNTIA

Bo. low-growing; R. napiform; Seg. 10-20 cm lg., Bo. shrubby, to 2 m h., broadly branching; R.
rarely broader than long, frosted pale green at first, fibrous, quite thick; Seg. elliptic, oval or obovate,
later deep green; Ar. small; Sp. 1-4, white or to 50 cm lg. and more, light green, frosted; Ar.
brown, or white with a brown base, to 5 cm lg., inconspicuous; Sp. 1(— 2— 3), thin to weak, pale
somewhat flattened and twisted; Glo.brown; FI.to yellow, faintly striped, to 1.5 cm lg.; FI. intense
8 cm 0 , yellow, brownish-red at the centre; Fr. yellow, 9-12 cm 0 ; Fr.conical, 9.5 cm lg., purple;
spineless, to 6 cm lg., purplish-pink.—USA (Texas, S. very numerous.—USA (Florida, Amelia Island).
near Kerville).
O. maldonadettsisArech.: regarded as an uncertain
O. macrarthraGibb. (Al-a) spec.; Bo. erect, densely bushy; Seg. dark green to
Bo.prostrate to ascending; Seg.oblong or oblong- olive, cylindric at first, to 10 cm lg. and br., terminal
ovate, pale green, thick, weakly glossy, 12-35 cm Seg. subovate; Ar. with a violet mark; Sp. 5 or
lg.: L.subterete; Ar. brown; Sp.0-1, to 2.5 cm lg.; more, to 2.5 cm lg., spreading, reddish to brown.—
Glo., when present, yellow; FI. ?; Fr. to 6 cm lg. Uruguay (Maldonado, Punta Ballena). Perhaps a
Seg. are longer than broad.—USA (S. Carolina, hybrid of O. aurantiaca?
coast).
O. marnieranaBackbg. (A2-b)
O. macrocalyxGriff. (Al-b) Bo. low-bushy; Seg. flattened ovate to oblong, to
Bo. erectly bushy, to 1 m h. and br.; Seg. oblong- 18 cm lg. and 14 cm br., bluish-green, not frosted;
ovate, greyish-green, velvety, 9-22 cm lg.; Ar. 1 cm Sp. mostly 2, curving ± strongly downwards or
apart; FI. yellow, greenish outside; Fr. red, revolute, + flattened, reddish-brown, brown-
greenish inside, 7 cm lg.—Mexico (Coahuila tipped, 1-3 cm lg., often 1-2 shorter Ssp.; Glo.dark
Saltillo). brown; FI. unisexual, orange-reddish; Pet. very
narrow, quite strongly erect.—Mexico.
O. macrocentraEng. (Al-b)
Bo.shrubby, to 90 cm h.; Seg.circular or somewhat O. maxima Mill, non SD. (Al-c)
oblong, to 20 cm lg., often washed bluish or purple; Bo. large-shrubby, strongly branching; Seg. pale
-P- 0, or if present, only in the upper part of the green, elongated, + broadly oval, rounded above,
hoot, 1— 2(—3), thin, erect, to 7 cm lg., variable in not tuberculate, to 35 cm lg., to over 18 cm br.; Ar.
colour: brown or blackish or whitish above; FI. small, distant; Sp. 0-1-2, short, white, to 12 mm
; ellow, turning reddish when fading, 7.5 cm 0 ; Fr. lg.; Glo. yellow to brown; FI. orange, to 8 cm 0 ;
- cm lg., purple.—USA (W. Texas; E. Arizona) to Fr. ± oblong, reddish.—Origin ? (Known only in
N Mexico (Chihuahua), cultivation). O. maxima SD. was no more than a
v. martiniana L. Bens.: Seg. with Sp. at every name.
Ar.; Sp. yellow, light brown or reddish-brown
below, somewhat flattened.—USA (NW. Ariz­ O. maxonii G. Ortega (Al-a-b)
ona); Bo. low, to 50 cm h.; Seg. fairly large, reddish to
v. minor M. Anth.: Bo. without a trunk, reddish-green; Ar. crowded; Sp. 1-2, 2-3 cm lg.;
ascending and spreading; Seg. shortly obovate, Glo.numerous, yellow; FI.intense yellow; Fr.2 cm
6—10 cm lg., 5-7 cm br.; Sp. 2-7, mostly 3-4, lg., pulp strongly coloured.—Mexico (Sinaloa).
acicular, angular, twisted, present only in the
upper Ar., brownish-red at first below, then O. megacantha SD. (Al-c)
white and tipped orange, older Sp. brownish-red, Bo.tree-like, to 5 m h. or more, developing a trunk;
tipped orange, 2.5-6 cm lg.; Glo. numerous, Seg. pale green, matt, subovate to oblong, also
orange, then yellow and brownish-red with a asymmetrical, younger ones to c. 17 cm lg., old ones
yellow base; FI. ?—USA (Texas, Big Bend to 40(-60) cm lg., to over 7.5 cm br., considerably
Region). smaller in cultivation, slightly frosted; L. small, 3
mm lg.; Ar.small, distant, brown at first; Sp.white,
O. macrorhizaEng. (Al-a) mostly 1-5, c. 2-3 cm lg., sometimes only in the
Bo. prostrate, in colonies to 1 m br.; R. napiform; upper Ar.; Glo.few, yellow, dropping; FI.yellow to
Seg.bluish-green, to 16 cm lg., 1cm thick, matt, ± orange, c. 8 cm 0 ; Fr. to 8 cm lg., whitish-
circular; Ar. fairly large; Glo.numerous, yellow or yellow.—Mexico (Central Highlands; cultivated in
brown; Sp. sometimes missing, otherwise to 4, Jamaica and California; naturalised in Hawaii).
unequal, to 2.5 cm lg.; FI. to 8 cm 0 , yellow with a
red centre; Fr. to 5 cm lg., purple or red; S. 5 mm O. rnegalanthaGriff. (Al-b-c)
lg —USA (Missouri and Kansas, to Texas). Bo. erect, shrubby, to over 2 m h.; Seg. ± ovate,
frosted, greyish-green, to over 20 cm lg., 14 cm br.;
O. magnificaSmall (Al-b) Sp. 1-3, longest ones to 4-5 cm lg., yellow; FI.
367
OPUNTIA

yellow, 10-11 cm 0; style white; Sti. white or Ar., may be a cross with O. rufida or O. macro­
greenish; Fr.dark red.—Origin ? (Hybrid; Sp.said calyx ;
to be flattened in some cases.) v. gracilior hort.: v. laeviorSD.;
v. hildmannii hort.: only a name of Schelle’s;
O. megapotamica Arech. (B3) v. laeviorSD.: Seg.darker green, lighter at first,
Bo. erect, forming a small shrub to c. 1 m h. ; Seg. smaller, freely branching; Ar. golden-yellow to
faded green, circular to jj oblong, to c. 10-12 cm golden-brown (Glo.); buds reddish; FI. light
Ig. and almost as broad ; Ar.with a dark spot ; Sp.0 yellow; Fr. oblong, light red inside and out,
(rarely 1, short); FI. orange; Fr. red, oblong.— smaller than in the type;
Uruguay. v. lutea hort.: an American name, perhaps for v.
aurantiaca hort. ?
O. megarhiza Rose (Al-a) v. minima hort.: probably identical with v. rufida
Bo.low, to 30 cm h., strongly branching ; R.to 6 cm f. minima hort.;
thick, to 60 cm lg. ; Seg.thin, to 30 cm lg., 3 cm br. ; v. minor SD.: at most an ecotype of the type;
Sp. to 2.5 cm lg., brown; FI. lemon-yellow, often v. pallida hort.: Seg. greyish-green; Glo. pale
washed pink, 5 cm 0 ;Fr. and S. ?—Mexico (San yellow, later brownish; budsgreenish to reddish:
Luis Potosí, near Alvarez). FI.light yellow; Fr. more strongly oblong to ±
clavate, lighter red; pulp glassy-white(!);
v. rufida K. Sch. (non Op. rufida Eng.): Seg.
O. megasperma How. and v. orientalis How.: more distinctly oblong-oval, deeper green; Ar.
Opuntiagalapageiav. myriacantha(Web.) Backbg. crowded, brownish (Glo.); buds reddish; FI.
and subv. orientalis(How.) Backbg. yellowish;
sv. albiflora Backbg.: Ar.(Glo.) somewhat
O. melanospermaSvenson (Al-b) larger; buds greenish-yellow; FI. pure white:
Bo.bushy, to 1.2 m h. ; Seg.semi-erect to prostrate, Fr.yellowish;
flat, light green, obovate, to 15 cm lg., to 9 cm br. ; v. rufida f. minima hort.: dwarf form; Seg.
Ar. delicate brown; Sp. 1-3, yellow, straight, relatively minute; FI. faintly yellowish, throat
acicular, to 2 cm lg. ; Glo. yellowish ; FI. orange- more intensely yellowish, white outside; Fr.
yellow, reddish when fading, 6 cm 0 ; Fr.4 cm lg., reddish, glassy-green inside,
reddish; S.dark.—Ecuador (Punta Ayangue). v. (f.) undulata hort.: a form with wavy Seg.
Very variable spec., with further divergent forms:
O. mesacantha Raf. and var. : Opuntia humifusa v. pallida, for instance, is one with light green
Raf. buds, and Fr. light red and more spherical than in v.
microdasys; also a form of v. microdasys with
O. microdasys(Lehm.) Pfeiff. (Al-b) yellow buds and smaller Fr.
Bo. moderately high bushes, densely and more
broadly branching, sometimes prostrate, at times O. microdisca Web.: OpuntialongispinaHaw.
to 60 cm h. ; Seg. subcircular to ± oblong, to 15 cm
lg., mostly pale green, softly velvety, spineless ; Ar. O. mieckleyiK. Sch. (Al-b)
(Glo.) light yellow on new growth, later deeper Bo. low-shrubby, erect; Seg. darker green, nar­
yellow, numerous, dense; buds greenish; FI. rowly oblong, 15-25 cm lg., 4-6 cm br. (terminal
numerous, 4-5 cm lg., pure yellow, reddish-yellow shoots); Ar.with a dark spot; Sp.0(-l-2,dark); FI.
when fading; Fr.oblong, to 4.5 cm lg., light violet- 6 cm 0 , orange to brick-red.—Paraguay (San
red.—Mexico (in the N. and to Zacatecas, N. Salvador, Estancia Loma).
Hidalgo). There is a form with smaller shoots and
FI. (Rivière No. 8210). O. militarisBr. & R. (Al-a)
v. albispinaFobe : Seg.mid-green ; Glo.white, ± Bo. low-growing, to 30 cm h., slightly spreading:
falling; buds reddish; FI. whitish-yellow; Fr. Seg.narrowly oblong to subovate, rather thick, ±
darker violet-red, outside and inside; f. alba glossy at first; Sp. 1-2 at first, sometimes more; FI.
hort. is a form with light greenish buds; form only 3 cm lg., greenish to cream; Ov. spineless.—
“Angel’s Wings” (nom. prop. : f. laxiglochidiata) Cuba (Guantanamo Bay).
has finely flocky Ar.; FI. greenish-yellow; f.
albata hort. (“Polka Dot”) is said to have O. missouriensis DC.: OpuntiapolyacanthaHaw.
harmless Glo., but these are dropped in full
sunshine at higher temperatures. There is also f. O. mojavensis Eng.: Opuntia phaeacantha v.
minima,with Seg.lighter green and very small ; mojavensis(Eng.) Fosb.
v. aurantiaca hort., with larger Seg. and
brownish-yellow, rather more distant and larger O. monacantha Haw.: OpuntiavulgarisMill.
368
 OPUNTIA

montevidensisSpeg. (B2-3) brownish, in projecting tufts; FI.red.—N. Argen­

Bo- bushy, semi-erect to prostrate, to 50 cm h., to tina.
”- cm br.; Seg. ± ovate-elliptic, rather flat, to 10
-—Is., to 3.5 cm br., to 8 mm thick; Ar. with a dark O. oceidentalisEng. & Big. (Al-b)
- - -: Sp. typically 5, 1-3 of these Csp. to 3 cm lg., Bo.erect, shrubby, forming large thickets, over 1 m
': ut, radials bristly, thin, whitish, ± appressed, all h.; Seg. oblong-ovate, 20-30 cm lg.; Sp. 2-7,
■t first honey-coloured; FI. 3.5 cm lg., orange; Fr. 4 longest ones to 5 cm lg., + flattened, brown to
~ lg.. ± clavate, purple outside and in.—Uruguay lighter and sometimes whitish, or the shorter ones
2erro near Montevideo). whitish; Glo. brown; FI. yellow, large, to c. 10 cm
lg.; Fr. large, purple.—USA (S. California, W.
3. multiareolataBackbg. (Bl) slopes of the mountains), Mexico (Baja California).
B-o. creeping; Seg.small, branching to form chains,
as obliquely, c. 2.5 cm lg., 2.3 cm br., tapering O. oceidentalis v. piercei (Fosb.) Munz: Opuntia
': w, green; Ar.rather prominent, crowded, with phaeacanthav. pierciiFosb.
rrey-sh-white felt; Sp. (2-)6-7, thin, whitish, to 3
“ ~ lg., little projecting; FI. ?—NW. Argentina.O. ochrocentraSmall (Al-b)
Bo. shrubby, freely branching, to 1 m h.; R.
■ munzii C. B. Wolf: Cylindropuntia x munzii fibrous; Seg. elliptic to oval, light green, rather
2 B. Wolf) Backbg. thick, to 30 cm lg.; Ar. prominent; Sp.5-6, yellow,
stiff, subulate, to c. 5 cm lg., recurved; FI. light
myriacantha Web.: Opuntia galapageia v. lemon-yellow, to 8.5 cm 0 ; Fr. ± ovoid, c. 2 cm
- •riaeantha (Web.) Backbg. lg., red.—USA (Florida, S.E. of Big Pine Key).

3 uejapensisH. Bravo 1972 O. orbiculataSD. (Al-b)

Bo. tree-like, forming a trunk; Seg. 30-35 cm Bo.shrubby, c. 1 m h., without a trunk; Seg.green
; and 20-25 cm 0 , yellowish-green, thick, ± to bluish-green, circular to ± ovate, sometimes
■ avy: Ar. few, 5-7 cm apart; Sp. 3, upper one 5-8 spatulate, to 15 cm lg.; Ar. with fairly long H.
~ lg-, lower ones 2-3 cm lg., white, tipped persisting for some time; Sp. to 6, acicular or
dlowish; FI. not known; Fr. large, fig-like, 7-8 cm sometimes twisted, 4 cm lg., yellowish at first, then
y 5 cm 0 ; S. light beige, 5 mm 0 . —Mexico white to grey; FI. to 10 cm 0 , yellow, washed ±
>axaca, between Camarones and Nejapa). reddish.—N. Mexico. A robust and very frost-
resistant stock, useful in horticulture for speedy
growth.
3. nemoralisGriff. (Al-a)
3o. prostrate, in colonies to 1 m br., to 30 cm h.; R. O. oricola Philbr.-C. & S. J. (US) XXXVI: 6,
"o u s: Seg. ± ovate, to 9 cm lg., not tuberculate, 163-165. 1964 (Al-c)
r— .ooth; Ar. sometimes with a red spot; Sp. ± Bo. ascending, branching, to 3 m h., branches in
- cbulate, whitish, to 2.5 cm lg.; Glo. yellow; FI. part bent downwards at the tips; Seg. 15-25 cm lg.,
Low; Fr. ovoid to pear-shaped, 3 cm lg., light 12-19 cm br., circular to elliptic, colour of
-id. —USA (Texas, Longview). epidermis not known; Sp. yellow at first, trans­
lucent, number not known; FI. c. 7 cm lg. and 0 ,
nicholii L. Bens.: Opuntia hystricinav. nicholii yellow; Sep. irregularly dentate; Pet. moderately
2 Bens.) Backbg. broad, often apiculate; Fr.spherical, c. 5 cm lg., 4.5
cm 0 , with fine, longer, projecting Sp. (Glo. ?); S.
O. nitensSmall (Al-b) ?—USA (type-locality San Ysidro Canyon (Cali­
3o. bushy, to 1 m h.; R.fibrous; Seg.obovate, 6-15 fornia), to Mexico (Baja California, S. of
~ lg- glossy, green, not frosted, rather thick; Ar. Enseñada); also the Californian Channel Islands
r prominent; Sp. 1(~4), brown, lighter-tipped, and the Mexican Los Coronados Islands). The
¿ter dark grey; FI.light yellow, to 6.5 cm 0 ; Fr. brief description made no mention of spine-count,
: void to clavate, 4 cm lg., purple.—USA (Florida, or the colour of Fr. and Seg. Restricted to areas
W bank of the Halifax River). close to the sea.
O. obliquaBackbg. (Bl) O. orurensisCard. (Bl)
Bo. very low-growing, creeping, spreading, similar Bo. very low, to 10 cm h., in groups to 50 cm br.;
‘ 3 O. picardoi but with the epidermis faintly Seg. elliptic, ± curving, + cylindric below,
spotted; Seg. obliquely set, to 4 cm lg.; Ar. flattened above, rounded at the tip, tuberculate,
rrownish at first; Sp. mostly 5-7, at first white readily detached; Sp.scarcely differentiated, lower
-.icked brown, later grey, fairly long; Glo. longer, Ar. with 6-8, some reddish-brown, others white
369
OPU N TIA

and red-tipped, upper Ar. with 4—8 purplish-brown Bo.low-shrubby, to 30 cm h.; Seg.to 4 cm br., to 12
Sp., all acicular, pungent, erect, 5-22 mm lg.; Glo.cm lg., not tuberculate, circular, little flattened; Ar.
numerous, yellow and brown; FI.sulphur-yellow, 4 brown with a dark spot and white H.;Sp. 4-5 at
cm lg.; Fr. to 2 cm lg., ± conical, purple, mostly first, to 2 cm lg., yellow; Glo. numerous, short,
sterile.—Bolivia (Dept. Oruro). yellow, only developing later; FI. ?;Fr. spherical.
1.5 cm 0 , spiny above.—Peru (Matucana, Pasco).
O. pachona Griff.: said to be an ecotype of Opuntia Resembles O. pestifer which has tuberculate
streptacanthaLem. shoots, is not velvety and lacks H.

O. pailanaWgt. (Al-b) O. peckiiPurp. (Al-b[aj)

Bo. erect, shrubby;Seg.circular to ± ovate, to 10 Bo. a low-growing spreading shrub; Seg. small,
cm lg., 9 cm br., bluish-green, smooth, slightly circular, densely spiny; Sp. brown below, white
glossy, later more yellowish-green; Ar.brown; Sp.3 above; FI. large, pale yellow, darker yellow
at first, later 6-8, to 3 cm lg., one of these white at inside.—USA and/or Mexico ? Description in­
first, then with dark flecks and finally brown, the adequate. Perhaps only a form or variety of O.
others white, brown-tipped, with H. which are later howeyi Purp. ?
fairly long; Glo. greyish-yellow; FI. ?—Mexico
(Coahuila, Sierra de la Paila). Not re-collected for O. penicilligeraSpeg. (B2)
a long time. Perhaps identical with O. crinifera Bo. forming + prostrate groups; Seg. flattened,
SD.? circular to broadly ovate, to 12 cm lg., to 10 cm br..
dark green; Sp.thin, twisted, (l-)3, one Csp. 1-5 cm
O. palmadora Br. & R. (A2-a) lg., radials 0-3-4, shorter, all of them white; Glo.
Bo. tall, shrubby, to 3.5 m h., but often low- rusty-red, developing later, to 6 mm lg., tufted; FI.
growing, sometimes with a trunk to 9 cm 0 , often lemon-yellow; Ov. with many Ar. and Glo.; Fr.
very spiny; Seg. numerous, very thin, narrow, to clavate, reddish, to 4.5 cm lg.; S. small, kidney­
15 cm lg., mostly erect; Ar. white; Sp. mostly shaped, with felty H.—Argentina (Rio Negro, Rio
1—4(—6), yellow at first, later white, to 3cm lg.;FI. Colorado, Pampa Sanquil-co, to Bahia Blanca).
moderately large; Pet. erect, brick-red; Ov. with
longitudinal Tub.; Fr. small; epidermis papillose, O. pennelliiBr. & R. (Al-a)
particularly when dry.—Brazil (Bahia, occurring Bo. prostrate; Seg. + ovate, smooth, thick, to 15
frequently in the Caatinga). cm lg.; Sp. 1-7, subulate, to 3.5 cm lg., white
dark-tipped; Glo. inconspicuous, yellowish; FI.
O. palmeriEng. (Al-b) yellow?—Colombia (Magangue, on the plains).
Bo. shrubby; Seg.pale bluish-green, oval, smooth,
to 25 cm lg., to 20 cm br.; Ar. pale brown at first; O. pes-corviLe Conte (Al-a)
Sp. 5-7, only 1-3 in lower Ar., straw-coloured, Close to O. drummondii Grah.; Sp.only 1-3; FI.to
thin, flattened to compressed, decurved to spread­ only 4 cm 0 ; Fr. to only 14 mm lg., purplish-
ing ; FI.and Fr. ?—USA (Utah, St. George). pink.—USA (Florida).

O. panellana(Backbg.) Backbg. (Bl) O. pestiferBr. & R. (Al-a)

Bo. low-growing, forming squarrose groups; Seg. Bo. + prostrate, forming a squarrose shrub, to 20
± circular to moderately flattened, to 3 cm lg., to cm h. and more; Seg. flatter, less so later, not
1.5 cm br., ± tapering to both ends; Ar.often set in velvety, tuberculate, to 3 cm br., to 5 cm lg. and
a reddish zone; Sp.to c. (5—
7—)9, 0.6-2 cm lg., thin, more; Sp. 2-5 at first, brownish, to 3 cm lg.; Glo.
stiff, unequal, reddish-white at first, later dirty yellow; FI. light yellow, c. 4 cm lg. and 0 . —Central
white and reddish above and below, sometimes Ecuador to Central Peru.
weakly compressed and + twisted, sometimes also
straw-coloured; Glo. light brown to whitish, O. phaeacanthaEng. (Al-a to 1-b)
erect.—Origin? Bo. shrubby, low to taller, the type to c. 1 m h..
quite broadly spreading; Seg. longer than broad.
O. paraguayensisK. Sch. (B3) 10-15 cm lg., mostly spineless below; Ar. more
Bo. erectly shrubby, freely branching, 1-2 m h.; distant; Sp. 1-4, ± compressed, to 6 cm lg., mostly
Seg.light green, obovate, to 21 cm lg., 5-8.5 cm br.; fairly stout, brown below, lighter to whitish above,
Sp.0, rarely one, light-coloured; Glo.yellowish; FI. sometimes yellowish, sometimes decurved; Glo.
8 cm 0 , orange; Fr. conical, to 7 cm lg., dark numerous, brown to yellow; FI. 5 cm 0 , yellow:
purple; S.round.—Paraguay (near Escoban). Fr. pear-shaped, tapering below, to 3.5 cm lg..
reddish.—USA (Texas to Arizona), N. Mexico
O. pascoensisBr. & R. (Al-a) (Chihuahua).
370
 OPU N TIA

v. albispina hort.: Sp.whitish above; Fr.carmine to 4 m br.; R. fibrous; Seg.narrowly elliptic, linear
to reddish; or spatulate, 10-30 cm lg., very thick, deep green;
v. camanchica (Eng.) Borg: dwarf, sometimes Sp. 2-3, creamy, then grey and dark-tipped, to 6 cm
prostrate; Seg. circular to ovate, to 17.5 cm lg. lg., salmon-coloured when moist; FI. numerous,
and br.; Ar. mostly with Sp.; Sp. 1—3(—6), light yellow, to 7.5 cm 0 ; Fr.broadly top-shaped,
compressed, reddish to blackish-brown, lighter- purple, to 4 cm lg.—USA (Florida, Atlantic Beach,
tipped, 3.5-7.5 cm lg.; Glo. green or yellowish- growing on dunes).
brown ; FI. 6-7 cm 0 , yellow, orange or (when
lading?) pink; Fr. ovoid, purple, juicy, edible.— O. pittieriBr. & R. (Al-c)
USA (from S. Colorado to the S. border); Bo. eventually tree-like, to 5 m h., with a spiny
v. charlestonensis (Clokey) Backbg.: Seg. to 18 trunk; Seg. twice to 4 times as long as broad, 25-50
cm lg., 12 cm br., yellowish-green to purple; Sp. cm lg., green; Ar. dark brown to purple, to 3 cm
4-6, white, brown below, acicular, not com­ apart; Sp. 3-6, acicular, weakly spreading, 2-5 cm
pressed ; FI.light yellow, later salmon-coloured, lg., white; Glo. missing, or developing slowly; FI.
4 cm 0 ; Fr.ovoid.—USA (Nevada); intense orange to scarlet (when fading).—
v. gigantea hort.: Seg.to 15 cm br.; v. longispina Colombia (W. Cordillera, Venticas del Dagua).
hort.: Sp.to 7 cm lg.; v. minor hort.: Seg. small,
very spiny; I O. pituosa Ritt. (FR 1036): no description
v. mojavensis (Eng.) Fosb.: ± prostrate; Seg. I available.
circular; Sp. 2-6, robust, sharply angular and
compressed, + curving, reddish-brown, paler O. plumbea Rose (Al-a)
above, 3.5-6 cm lg., also 1-3 smaller Ssp. ;Fr. 4.5 Bo. low, creeping to 10 cm h., in groups to 30 cm
cm lg., oblong, dark mauve.—USA (Mojave br., little branching; Seg. + circular, to 5 cm 0 ,
Desert). matt, leaden-greenish; Ar. fairly large; Sp. mostly
v. pallida hort.: FI. creamy-white, greenish 2(-4), to 3 cm lg., pale brown, sometimes missing;
inside; FI.very small, red; Fr.to 2 cm lg., spineless.—USA
v. pierceiFosb.: Seg. to 20 cm lg., light green to (Arizona, San Carlos Reservation).
reddish; Sp. mostly 1, dark reddish-brown to
whitish;FI.pale yellow, 6 cm 0; Fr.slender, red, O. poecilacanthaBackbg. (Bl)
5 cm lg.—USA (California, Gold Mountain), Bo. low, branching and re-branching; Seg. broad
v. rubra hort.: FI.reddish-brown; Fr.reddish; at the base, slightly tapering above, greyish-green,
v. salmonea hort.: FI. brownish to salmon- strongly tuberculate, to c. 5 cm lg.; Ar. white; Sp.
coloured. unequal, c. 10—12, some much longer than the
others, 1.5-4 cm lg., brownish, flecked or banded
O. picardoiMarn.-Lap. (Bl) + golden-brown, longer Sp. sometimes pointing
Bo. prostrate, branching to form chains; Seg. downwards or curving, subulate; Glo.stiff, to 6 mm
obliquely oval, flat, to 7 cm lg., 3.5 cm br., lg., spine-like, brown, also similarly coloured
¿omewhat glossy, green, sharply pitted; Ar. normal Glo.; FI. ?—Bolivia.
ellowish-brown; Sp. to 10, white, yellow-tipped,
to 3.5 mm lg.; Glo. yellow; FI. 4 cm 0 , red; Fr. O. pollardiiBr. & R. (Al-a)
-ellowish to red, to 1.2 cm lg.—N. Argentina Bo.prostrate;R.thick;Seg. bluish-green, swollen,
(Salta; Catamarca, acc. Fechser). broadly oval, frosted, 5-16 cm lg., 1-2 cm thick;
Sp. 1, mostly in upper part of the Ar., stiff, pungent,
O. piliferaWeb. (Al-c) 2.5-4 cm lg.; Glo. numerous, yellow; FI. yellow,
Bo. eventually tree-like, to 5 m h., with a trank and 6-8 cm 0 ;Fr.2.5-4 cm lg.— USA (N. Carolina to
a broad crown; Seg. pale green, broadly oval to Florida, Alabama, Mississippi). Distinguished
circular, 10-30 cm lg.; Ar.2-3 cm apart; Sp.stoutly from O. compressa as follows: Seg. frosted,
acicular, weakly spreading, 2-9, 5-15 mm lg., dissimilar in colour, larger; longest Sp. longer; S.
white, yellowish-tipped, also with numerous whit- thicker.
:sh H. to 2-3 cm lg., set along the edge of the Ar.
and + soon dropping; FI. dark red, 6 cm 0 ; Fr. O. polyacanthaFlaw. (Al-a)
red, 4-5 cm lg., juicy.—Mexico, Bo.prostrate, bushy, branching; Seg. obovate, not
v. aurantisaeta Backbg.: Sp. bristle-like at first, very thick, with Sp. in each Ar., to c. 10 cm lg., 7.5
light golden-brown, later white; FI. lighter cm br.; Ar.c. 1 cm apart; Sp. curving to the Bo., c.
carmine; Fr.very spiny, as in the type. 6-12, not flattened, to 2.5 cm lg., the lower part of
the Seg. without any bristly elongated Sp., those on
O. pisciformis Small (Al-a) the upper margin probably erect, white, brown or
Bo. prostrate, densely branching, forming colonies in both colours; FI. 7 cm lg. and 0 , yellow, orange

371
OPU N TIA

to pink (when fading?); Fr. ± spherical, 1 cm 0 , yellow; Fr. to 2.5 cm lg., red, somewhat spiny.—
dry, with Glo. and Sp.; S. flat, yellow,—USA Mexico (from the N., southwards) to Guatemala.
(throughout central zones, from Washington to
Texas and Arizona). O. pumiia Rose (Al-a)
v. schweriniana (K. Sch.) Backbg.: Seg. smaller, Bo. forming low, much-branched bushes; Seg.
to 5 cm lg., mostly to 2.5 cm lg., 1.5-3 cm br.; one always velvety, flatter at first, becoming less so,
Sp. to 2 cm lg., remainder shorter and directed tuberculate, to 20 cm lg.; Sp.1-3 at first, later more,
downwards; FI. greenish-yellow to pink; Fr. yellowish, to 3 cm lg.; FI.yellow, suffused red; Fr.
spineless.—USA (Colorado, in the NW.) spherical, red, 1.5 cmlg.—Central and S. Mexico.
v. trichophora(Eng. & Big.) Coult.: in colonies to
1m br.; Seg.circular to ± ovate, 6-10 cm 0 ; Ar. O. pusillaHaw. non SD. (Al-a)
crowded; Sp. unequal, very numerous, longest Bo. low to prostrate; Seg. oval, little flattened,
one to 4 cm lg., acicular, pale, often white, the weakly tuberculate, light green, variable in length;
base of older Seg. often with long Sp. like bristly Ar. distant; Sp. 1-2 at first, brownish, later straw-
H. ;FI.7 cm 0 , yellow or pink; Fr.2 cm lg., 1cm coloured; FI. pale yellow, rather large, with few
br., with pale Br.-Sp.—USA (Texas; New Pet.; Fr. ?—Origin ? (W. Indies?)
Mexico; Oklahoma; W. Colorado, Wet Moun­
tain Valley). O. pusilla SD.: probably Tephrocactus weberi v.
setiger(Backbg.) Backbg.
O. polycarpa Small (Al-b)
Bo. erectly shrubby, to 1m h., densely branching; O. pycnantha Eng. (Al-b)
Seg.elliptic to narrowly rhombic or broader, to 40 Bo. erectly bushy, to only medium-high; Seg.
cm lg., light green; Sp., if present, 1-3, fairly thin, circularto moreoval, 12.5-15cmlg.,to 12.5cmbr..
pale yellow, sometimes with darker markings or velvety or papillose; Ar.more numerous; Sp.3-7 at
salmon-coloured below, later grey, brown-tipped, first, pale straw-coloured, to 2.5 cm lg., later more,
2-3cm lg.; Ar. with or without recognisable Glo.; to 20, longer and stiffer, finally grey or brownish;
FI. light yellow, to 7.5 cm lg.; Fr. ± ovoid, to 5 Glo.numerous, weak; FI.greenish-yellow; Fr.4 cm
cmlg., ± purplish-red’—USA (Florida). lg., very prickly.—Mexico (Baja California, Mag­
dalena Bay).
O. pottsiiSD. (Al-a) v. margaritana Coult.: Ar. brownish-felty, later
Bo.low, spreading, to 30 cm h, ;R.often like beads, grey; Sp.pointing down, light reddish-brownish
thickened to 3 cm 0 ; Seg.broadly ovate, to 12 cm at first, then pale, to c. 10, mostly subulate, some
lg., pale green to bluish-green; Sp. 1-2, 2-4 cm lg., thinner, rather unequal, to c. 1cm lg.; Glo.in the
mostly white or purplish-red; FI. 6-7 cm 0 , deep Ar.-felt, reddish-brown; FI. sulphur-yellow to
purple; Fr.spineless.—USA (Texas; New Mexico) lighter.—Mexico (Baja California, Santa
to Mexico (Central Chihuahua). Margarita Island).

O. prasinaSpeg. (B3) O. pyriformisRose (Al-c)

Bo. erectly shrubby, to c. 2 m h.; Seg. yellowish- Bo.tall, to 5 m h., with widely spreading branches,
green, later tinged reddish, also greyish-green, lower ones to 5 m lg., spreading over the soil; Seg.
elliptic-lanceolate, to 25 cm lg., to 14 cm br.; Sp. + ovate, thick, to c. 18 cm lg., or more; Ar. small,
0(—1— 3, whitish); FI. 10 cm 0 , orange; Fr. top to relatively close; Sp. 1-2, later usually more,
pear-shaped, wine-red outside, purple inside.— normally projecting strongly downwards, thin,
Argentina (Entre Rios, Rio Parana). weak, yellow, fairly short, 1-2.2 cm lg.; FI.yellow:
Fr. 4 cm lg., spineless.—Mexico (Zacatecas,
O. procumbensEng. (Al-a) Hacienda de Cedros).
Bo. low, not ascending, in large colonies; Seg.
circular, 20-50 cm br., yellowish-green, ± frosted; O. quimiloK. Sch. (B3)
Ar. large, not closely spaced; Sp. 1-5, spreading, Bo. ± tree-like, to 4 m h., strongly branching, trunk
2.5-5cm lg., yellow, lighter above, flattened; Glo. with up to 8 Sp.; Seg.greyish-green, to 3 cm thick,
yellow, long; FI.yellow; Fr.clavate, c. 7cmlg., red, elliptic to obovate, to 50cm lg., to 25 cm br.; Sp.
juicy.—USA (N. Arizona). 1(— 2—3), white, ± twisted and compressed; FI. c.
4.5 cm br., ± brick-red; Fr. pear-shaped to
O. pubescensWendl. (Al—a[b]) spherical, to 7 cm lg., greenish-yellow; S. 8 mm
Bo. low, shrubby, strongly branching, sometimes lg.—N. Argentina (Santiago del Estero, La
to 40 cm h.; Seg. ± tuberculate, velvety or smooth, Banda).
+ cylindric at first, later flatter, to 7 cm lg.; Sp.3-7
at first, or more, rather short, brownish; FI.lemon- O. quipaWeb. (A2-a)
372
 O PUNTIA

Bo.a small, laxly branching shrub; Seg.obovate to central, to 4 cm lg., irregularly spreading, also
: rlong, toe. 6cmlg., to 4 cm br., light or yellowish- twisted and contorted; FI. flame-coloured; Fr. ?—
green, little spiny, new growth with thin prickles, N. Argentina?
soon dropping, and H. hanging down from the
* 'oily Ar., Seg. swollen around the Ar.; Sp. later O. rhodanthaK. Sch. (Al-a)
1-2-3, weak, short, appressed; FI. orange-red, Bo.prostrate, strongly branching, to 30 cm h.; Seg.
^ a ll ; Pet.erect; Fil.erect, closed around the style; ascending, ± ovate, to 16 cm lg., to 7 cm br. or
Fr. pale orange, edible, 2 cm 0 , 2.5 cm lg., rather more, intense green, + tuberculate; Sp.
:r .neless, floral scar sunken, Glo. short, yellowish- mostly only in the upper part of the Seg., I 4, 3-6
irown.—Brazil (Pernambuco). (Fig. 287.) cm lg., projecting to radiating, subulate, white,
yellow or brown; FI. 8 cm lg. and br., purplish-
O. quitensis Web. (A2-a) pink, orange or yellow ;Fr.oblong, dry, + spiny.—
Bo. bushy, to 2 m h., in thickets, low-growing in USA (from W. Colorado to California). A hardy
exposed positions; Seg. therefore variable, 10-40 spec, with attractive FI.
cm lg.; Ar.small, white; Sp.0 or 1—3(—4), yellowish- v. pallida: FI. yellow;
orown or whitish at first, acicular, flexible, 2-3 cm v. pisciformisSpäth: Seg. narrower, deep green;
g : FI.red, 1.2-1.5 cm br.;Pet.erect; Fr.obovoid, Sp.yellow; FI.smaller, light carmine.
red. ± spineless, c. 2 cm lg.;S.3 mm lg.— Ecuador The following garden-names have been based on
Quito to the Chanchan valley, above Huigra). the considerable variability of FI.-colour:
Closely related to O. maebridei, but the latter has v. rosea, with pink FI.; v. rubra, with brilliant red
subulate Sp.; both spec, are variable in habit. FI.; v. salmonea, with salmon-pink FI.; v.
schumanniana Späth, with deep carmine FI.;
J rafinesquei Eng.:Opuntiahumifusa Raf. v.spinosiorBoiss. & Davids.; Sp.at least 4, long,
robust.—USA (desert of SW. Colorado).
O. rastreraWeb. (Al-a)
Bo.creeping; Seg.circular to + ovate, to 20 cm 0 ; O. ritteriBerg. (Al-b)
Sp. 0-1 to several, white, to 4 cm lg.; Glo. yellow; Bo.bushy; Seg.subcircular to ± ovate, light green,
FT.yellow; Fr. purple, ovoid, acid.—Mexico (San finely velvety; Sp.numerous, acicular, light yellow,
Luis Potosí; Oaxaca, Puerto Angel). ± projecting, to 1.5 cm lg.; FI. large, light red.—
Mexico (Zacatecas). The plant commonly met in
O. repensBello non Karw. (Al-a) collections under this name is freely branching and
Bo. a smaller, more erect shrub, to 50 cm h., up to c. 60 cm h., with similarly coloured Sp., but
: vrming thickets to 4 m br., freely branching, the shoots not velvety; FI. light yellow. Perhaps a
iometimes prostrate and ascending; Seg. green, hybrid ?
elvety or smooth, not tuberculate, to 16 cm lg., to O. riviereanaBackbg. (A2-b)
3.5 cm br., mostly quite strongly flattened; Ar. Bo. prostrate to ascending, low-growing, in col­
crown, with several H.; Sp. more numerous, onies; Seg. circular to obovate, to 22 cm lg., 14 cm
reddish at first, then brown, to 3.5 cm lg.; Glo. br., 3 cm thick, new growth and Ov. (only in this
numerous, yellow, developing late; FI. 4 cm 0 , spec, of the “Stenopetalae” ) tinged strongly
light yellow to salmon-red; Fr.red, to 3 cm lg., with purple; Ar. whitish at first, later black; Sp. mostly
:r without Sp.—W. Indies (smaller central islands). (l-)2(3^4), to 3 cm lg., straight or directed slightly
downwards, Ssp. when present thin, to 7 mm lg., +
O. retrorsaSpeg. (B2) compressed below; Glo.brown; FI.c. 4cm lg., 2 cm
Bo. creeping, forming confused groups, branches 0 , orange-red, unisexual; Ov. purple.—Mexico.
rregular in length; Seg. light green, 10-25 cm lg.,
2-3.5 cm br., flat; Ar. with a violet spot; Sp. 1-3, O. robinsoniiG. Ortega (Al-b)
-hite, reddish above; FI.yellow, 4-5 cm 0 ; Fr. 2 Bo. shrubby, to 1m h., with a small stouter trunk,
cm lg., purple outside, light pink inside; S. ± with up to 10 Sp.; Seg. light green, 15-20 cm br.;
cairy.—Argentina (S. Chaco, dry grasslands). Sp. 0-1, downcurving, 1-2 cm lg„ dark below,
white at midway, yellow-tipped; FI. 8-9 cm lg.,
O. retrospinaLem. (Bl) lemon-yellow; Fr.pear-shaped, purple, to 6 cm lg.,
Bo. prostrate, branching, in groups; Seg. light sweet; S. dirty white, to 4 mm lg.—Mexico
;•dlowish-green, + glossy, oblong, + curving, (Sinaloa, near Arroyo Chiquerite).
:^pering to both ends, to 5 cm lg., + wrinkled,
: :ten washed reddish below the Ar., grafted plants O. roborensisCard. 1966
-rger; Ar.light brownish; Sp.3-5 at first, to 6 mm Bo. shrubby, branching, 0.5-1 m h.; Seg. oval to
-= ± yellowish horn-coloured, later also 2-3 Sp. elliptic, 7-10 cm lg., 2.5-3.5 cm br.; Ar. 2-2.5 cm
curving downwards, to 9 mm lg., and 1-3 more apart, grey-felty, with light brown Glo.; Sp. 1-3,
373
OPU N TIA

appressed, whitish-grey, tipped brown, 1-3cm lg.; O. rutilaNutt, non Clov. & Funst. (Al-a)
FI. numerous, apical, 4 cm lg.; Ov. 2 cm lg., dark Bo. low-growing, spreading; Seg. flat to three-
green; Pet.broadly spatulate, golden-yellow; style sided, cylindric or ovate, later more flattened,
white; Fr. purple; S. whitish, 3 mm 0 . —Bolivia young Seg. readily detached and almost spineless,
(Chiquitos, Santa Cruz, near Roboré, 600 m). 4-10 cm lg., 2-5 cm br.; Ar. to 1.5 cm apart; Sp.
Somewhat resembles both O. retrorsa and O. 1-6, 1-3 cm lg., spreading sideways or upwards,
canina. often only in the upper Ar., white, brown or both
colours together; FI. 6 cm 0 , pinkish-red, yellow
O. robustaWendl. (Al-c) or intermediate shades; Fr. 3.5 cm lg., clavate,
Bo. forming a lax tall shrub, occasionally to 5 m h.; yellow, sometimes spiny.—USA (W. Colorado;
Seg.large, circular to rather oblong-circular, to 25 Wyoming).
cm br. and more, sometimes less, thick, frosted,
light bluish-green; L. reddish; Sp. 8-12, stout, O. salagriaCast. (B2)
unequal, to 5 cm lg., sometimes absent, white, Bo. shrubby, mostly to 2 m h.; Seg. subcircular to
brown or yellowish below, terete; FI. 5cm lg. and ± spatulate, to 30 cm lg., 17 cm br., 1.8 cm thick,
0 , yellow; Fr. spherical to ellipsoid, to 9 cm lg., leak-green; Sp. mostly l(-2), slender, stiff, 3.5^1 cm
deep red.—Central Mexico. lg.; Glo. brown, short; FI.borne mostly along the
v. iongiglochidiataBackbg.: Glo. on new growth upper margin of the shoot, to 10 cm lg. and br..
in projecting tufts, brownish-yellow, often as orange-red; Fr. clavate, 7 cm lg., dark violet-red,
long as the Sp.; green inside.—Argentina (Sierra Chica de Cor­
v. maxima hort.: with whiter Sp.; FI. yellow; doba ; Prov. San Luis).
Seg. to 40 cm br. have been reported, certainly
larger than in the type which itself is variable; Fr. O. salvadorensisBr. & R.(Al-a)
mauve, spherical, 6 cm 0 . Schelle says: FI.7 cm Bo. low, branching freely and spreading, to 10cm
lg. and 0 , Fr.brownish-red, sometimes the size h.; Seg. circular to ± oblong, flat, 10-15 cm lg.,
of an apple; smooth; Ar. small; Sp. mostly 3, thin-acicular,
v. viridior SD.: not validly described; Bo. unequal, to 6 cm lg.; FI. yellow, c. 2 cm lg.—
greenish, rather more oblong; Sp. shorter, Salvador (Dept. Usulutan, Hacienda La Con­
mostly 3-5; FI. yellowish, turning ± salmon- cordia).
pink. when fading; Fr. red inside and out
(possibly a hybrid?). O. santa-rita Rose: Opuntia gosselinianav. santa-
rita(Griff. & Hare) L. Bens.
O. rubifloraGriff, non Davids. (Al-b)
Bo.to 45cm h., groups to 1m br.; Seg. + ovate, to 10. saxatilis Ritt. (FR 1035): no description
18 cm lg.; Sp. few, to 5 cm lg., white, brown or I available.
straw below; FI. pink.—Origin? (Hybrid?; classi­
fiable with the “Phaeacanthae”.) If it is a good O. saxicola How.: Opuntia galapageia v. saxicola
spec., then the name needs to be changed because it (How.) Backbg.
had already been used a little earlier by Davidson
for another plant. O. scheeriWeb. (Al-b)
Bo.erectly shrubby, densely branching, to c. 90 cm
O. rubrifolia Eng.: indistinguishable in its charac­ h.; Seg.bluish-green, subcircular to oblong, 15-30
ters from O. tortispina; FI. and Fr. unknown.— cm lg.; Sp. 10-12, thin-acicular, yellow, 1 cm lg..
USA (Utah, St. George). mixed with white or yellowish Br.-H.; Glo.
O. rufidaEng. (Al-b) brownish-yellow; FI. c. 10 cm 0 , pale yellow,
Bo. shrubby, erect, to 1.5 m h., forming a small salmon-coloured when fading; Fr. spherical, red:
trunk; Seg. ± circular, 6-25 cm br., fairly thick, S.small.—Mexico (Queretaro, El Pueblito).
dull greyish-green, velvety;L. tipped reddish;Sp.
0; Glo. numerous, darker to reddish-brown; FI. O. schickendantziiWeb. (B3)
yellow to orange (? when fading), to 5 cm lg.; Fr. Bo. bushy, to 1-2 m h., bluish-green; Seg. terete at
light red.—USA (Texas), N. Mexico (Durango). first or only below, later flattened, narrow, long,
Often known better by its synonym, Opuntia mostly slightly curving, fairly flat, to c. 20 cm lg..
herrfeldtii Kupp.; the following are very attractive slightly tuberculate; L. reddish; Sp. 1-2, thin-
crosses: O. rufida x rubra hort., with the new subulate, white, to 2 cm lg., later more numerous;
growth concolorous red; and O. rufida x rubri­ FI. 4 cm 0 , satiny, yellow; Fr.spherical, spineless,
folia hort., with the Seg. light green, becoming green, sterile.—Argentina (frontier region,
bluish-green; L. entirely red; minute Sp. sometimes Tucuman-Salta; Catamarca, acc. Fechser). (Fig.
present. 288.)

374
 OPU N TIA

O. schickendantzii similis n.n.:a more yellowish- rather variable as to size and colour of Bo. and Sp.;
green plant with rather longer and broader Seg,; Seg. creeping and rooting, ± tuberculate,
pale brownish; Fr.reddish at maturity, shortly flattened-rounded or rather flatter, tapering below
spiny, its few S. 3 mm lg., flat, circular. This plant or + curving, lighter to greyish or bluish-green; Sp.
has long been known in collections under the name variable, yellowish to brownish or greyish-whitish,
: the true spec, which was only recently re- mostly in the upper part of the shoot, or longer
llected by Fechser. Either the fertile spec, is a there (especially in cultivated plants), unequal,
hybrid, or there are in fact two spec, since the variable in number, longer ones often later directed
to rmer has also been reported from Catamarca and ± downwards; FI. light yellow, 3 cm lg.; Fr.
Córdoba, and the differences may have been glabrous or spineless (perhaps also spiny and red
overlooked. inside?).—S. Peru to Bolivia.
O. schumannii Web. (Al-b) O. sphaerocarpaEng. & Big. (Al-a)
Bo. bushy, to c. 2 m h.; Seg. matt, dark green, Bo. low, spreading; Seg. light green, sometimes
-ubovate to oblong, 15-25 cm lg.; Ar. distant; Sp. reddish, circular, to 7 cm br., rather thick, very
--10, unequal, to 4.5 cm lg., + twisted, flattened, tuberculate; Ar. to 1 cm apart; Sp.,when present,
-omewhat spreading, dark brown; Glo. few, soon mostly only in the upper Ar., or few and short, to 2
cropping; FI. 6 cm lg., yellowish to orange, red cm lg., acicular, thin; FI. ?;Fr. 1.8cm 0 , spineless,
en fading; Fr. dark purple, juicy.—N. zones of dry.—USA (New Mexico, near Albuquerque).
S. America.
O. spinalba Raf., from Florida: an unclarified spec.
j schweriniana K. Sch.: Opuntia polyacantha v.
schweriniana(K. Sch.) Backbg. O. spinosibaccaM. Anth. (Al-b)
Bo. shrubby, to 1.5 m h., sometimes developing a
O. securigeraBorg (B2) trunk to 60 cm h., to 18 cm 0 ; Seg. somewhat
Bo.prostrate, to 20 cm h.; Seg. dark green, to 8 cm ascending to spreading, very frosted, green, ovate
g.. to 6 cm br.; Rsp. bristle-like, 15 and more, to oblong, 10-24 cm lg., 7.5-11 cm br.; Sp. 2-5,
ength ?; Csp. 1-3, to 5 cm lg., thin, white; Glo. missing in the lowest Ar., slightly twisted, at first
brownish; FI., Fr. ?— Argentina (Patagonia). white, red below, then reddish-brown to orange,
Possibly identical with O. penicilligera Speg., or a paler-tipped, finally grey, 1-4 of the Sp. 3.5-7 cm
form or variety of the latter. lg., 1, to 2 cm lg., mostly 2 bristly-fine, to 1.2 cm
lg.; FI. 5.5 cm lg., 5 cm 0 , yellow, red inside;
O senilis Parm.:regarded as a synonym of O. Fr. drying, proliferating, 3.5 cm lg., pale purple,
■rbiculata SD., which Pfeiffer held to be identical with 1^1 brownish-red or white subulate Sp.—
vuh O. crinifera SD.; this was described separately USA (Texas, Big Bend).
md was itself perhaps O. pailana Wgt. (?).
O. spinuliferaSD. (Al-c)
O. setispinaEng. (Al-b) Bo. eventually tree-like, large, strongly branching;
Bo.an erect shrub to c. 60 cm h., to 1.2 m br.; Seg. Seg. broadly oval to circular, smooth, + frosted,
leep bluish-green, somewhat frosted, also tinged 20-30 cm lg. or br.; L. red; Sp. 0, or 1-3 (on older
Turple, at least around the Ar., circular to + oval, shoots), thin, white, some of them ± bristly, fine,
5-15 cm lg. and br.; Ar. large; Sp. 1-6, 2-3 cm lg., sometimes yellowish-white; FI.yellow; Fr.turning
•hite; Glo. yellow, later conspicuous; FI. yellow; light red, shortly spiny.—Mexico. Spec, has proved
Fr.4 cm lg., purple.—Mexico (W. Chihuahua). to be fairly hardy during cold winters on the
Riviera and Costa Brava, surviving temperatures
O. soederstromianaBr. & R. (Al-b) down to —10°C.
Bo. bushy, erect, small tree-like, 60 cm to 1 m h.,
cry spiny; Seg. subovate, slightly frosted, or O. spranguei G. Ortega: Opuntia tomentosa v.
glossy, green, 20^10 cm lg., later greyish-green; L. spranguei(G. Ortega) Backbg.
small-subulate, reddish above; Sp. 2-5 at first, later
to 10, to 4 cm lg., at first pink or reddish below, O. stenarthraK. Sch. (B2)
paler above, soon uniformly grey; FI. yellow at Bo.prostrate, ascending, to 80 cm h., branches to 2
first, soon orange to brick-red, 5-6 cm lg.; Fr. m lg.; Seg.yellowish-green, thin, narrowly oblong,
oblong-ovoid, to 5 cm lg., mostly spiny, red, 8- 25 cm lg., 2.5— 5(— 7) cm br.; Sp.0( 1—3—5, 0.6-3.5
;uicy.—Ecuador (Quito, San Antonio). cm lg., horn-coloured at first, then white); FI.3 cm
0 , lemon-yellow, to 3 cm lg.; Fr. pear-shaped, to
O. soehrensiiBr. & R, (Bl) 2.5 cm lg., with brown Glo.; S. round, grey, very
Bo. forming low colonies, sometimes to 1 m br., hairy.—Paraguay (Estancia Tagatiya).
375
OPU N TIA

O. stenochilaEng. (Al-a) brownish to red, often paler at first; FI. 4 cm lg.,

Bo.prostrate; Seg. subovate, 10 cm lg., 7.5 cm br.; yellow; Fr. yellow, small, + scented.—W. Argen­
Sp. mostly 1, longer, to 3 cm lg., also 1-2 short tina (from San Luis to the Cbubut River).
recurved Ssp., all light, almost white; Glo.light to Shows the following variations: some plants have
greenish-yellow; FI. yellow, to 5 cm lg.; Ov. + Fr. which only change colour to red in the 2nd
conical; Fr. to 5 cm lg., clavate, very juicy.—USA year; some have greyish-green shoots to 20 cm lg.,
(W. New Mexico, Zuñi Canyon; Arizona). 10 cm br., grey Sp. to 6.5 cm lg., and FI. yellowish
with a somewhat pink centre, and the Fr.-pulp then
O. stenopetala Eng. (A2-b) greyish-white; in other plants, where the shoots are
Bo. low, bushy; Seg. oblong-ovate, greyish-green, more mid-green, to 15 cm lg. and 10 cm br., the FI.
not normally frosted; Sp. 1-2 or more, blackish, are smaller, + whitish-yellow, and the Fr.-pulp is
then grey, to 5 cm lg.; FI. orange-reddish, red.
unisexual, c. 2 cm br.; Fr. scarlet, ovoid, with or v. hildmannii (Fric) Backbg.: Seg. greatly
without Sp., peach-colour inside; S. light brown, thickened below, sub-circular; Sp. rather shor­
small, flat.—Mexico (Fig. 289.) ter, fewer, sometimes irregularly curving, bril­
liant red; FI. yellow; Fr. yellow.—NW. Argen­
O. streptacanthaLem. (Al-c) tina;
Bo.eventually tree-like, to 5 m h., freely branching, v. pampana (Speg.) Backbg.: colonies to 50 cm
trunk to 45 cm 0 ; Seg. circular to ovate, 25-30 cm h.; Seg.to 8 cm lg., light green, to 6 cm br., later
lg., dark green; Ar. fairly crowded; Sp. quite + circular, to 2 cm thick, tuberculate; Ar.
numerous, spreading, some appressed, also 1-2 whitish; Sp. only 1 at first, later downcurving,
Br.-H., pressed downwards; FI. to 9 cm 0 , yellow later to 4, the lowest one to 3 cm lg., rather
to orange; Fr. spherical, 5 cm 0 , dark red, twisted, stiff, pungent, white, the tip red at first,
sometimes yellowish, inside and out.—Mexico later black; FI. small, yellow, spineless; Fr.
(Central Highlands). ovoid, 3.5 cm lg., unscented, yellow with a pink
sheen, acid, little juicy.—Argentina (Sierra
O. strictaHaw. (Al-b) Ventana, Sierra Tandil etc.).
Bo.a low shrub to 80 cm h., often in larger colonies;
Seg. oblong to ovate, mostly 8-15 cm lg., but also IO. tajapayensis Ritt. (FR 897): no description
considerably elongated, to 30 cm lg., green or I available.
bluish-green, smooth; Sp. 0, or 1-2, terete, to 4 cm
lg., yellow; Ar. and Glo. brownish; FI. to 7 cm lg., O. taponaEng. (Al-b)
yellow; Fr. purple, tapering below, 6 cm lg.—USA Bo. shrubby, to 60 cm h.; Seg. smooth, circular to
(S. Texas, Florida) to Cuba. ovate, to 25 cm br., rather thick, pale green; Sp.
(l-)2-A, yellow, longest one to 7 cm lg., thin,
O. strigilEng. (Al-b) porrect, sometimes pointing downwards; Glo.
Bo. a smaller shrub, to 60 cm h.; Seg. subcircular, brownish; FI.light orange-yellow; Fr.dark purple,
10-12.5 cm lg.; Ar. crowded; Sp. 5-8, spreading, 4-6 cm lg., red inside.—Mexico (Baja California:
several appressed and directed downwards, Loreto Island).
reddish-brown to brown, light-tipped, to 2.5 cm
lg.; Glo. numerous; FI.yellow to creamy-yellow, 7 O. tardospinaGriff. (Al-a)
cm 0 ; Fr. small, spherical, 1.2 cm 0 , red.—USA Bo. low, spreading, mostly prostrate; Seg. matt,
(Texas). darker green, circular to ovate; Ar. large, 4 cm
apart; Sp. 1(— 2), to 5 cm lg., darker brown, lighter-
O. subsphaerocarpaSpeg. (B3) tipped; Glo. brown, numerous; FI. ?; Fr. 6 cm lg.,
Bo. erect, shrubby; Seg. dark green, fairly glossy, red.—USA (E. Texas).
long-oval, rounded above, to 20 cm lg., to 5.5 cm
br.; Sp. 0(-l, white, 1.5-2.5 cm lg.); FI. 5 cm 0 , O. tayapayensisCard. (Al-a)
yellow; Fr. ± spherical, wine-red, whitish-green Bo. low, to 30 cm h., with a small subterete trunk:
inside; S. with long dense H.—Argentina (Mis­ Seg.velvety, ± circular to ± flattened, 2-3 cm lg..
iones). later to 8 cm lg., pale green; Sp.mostly 1-3, to 2 cm
lg,, also a few whitish wavy H.; Glo.few; FI.rotate,
O. sulphureaG. Don (B2) 4 cm lg., light yellow; Fr. spherical, yellow, rather
Bo. prostrate to erect, shrubby, to 30 cm h., in velvety.—E. Central Bolivia (Tayapaya).
colonies to 2 m br.; Seg. flattened, thick, very
tuberculate, oblong to ovate, to 25 cm lg., green to O. tayloriBr. & R. (Al-a)
greyish-green, sometimes tinged red; Sp. 2-8, Bo. prostrate, broadly branching; Seg.light green,
sometimes curving, twisted, spreading, to 10 cm lg., smooth or velvety, not tuberculate, to 2 cm br., to
376
 O PUNTIA

- cm lg.; Sp. 3-6 at first, yellowish-brown, later trunk to 30 cm 0 ; Seg. greyish-green, oblong to
~ite, to 4 cm lg.; FI. small, yellow; Fr. pear- narrowly ovate, 10-20 cm lg., very velvety; Sp.
ped. to 1.5 cm lg., spineless, with a few Br.— 0 1(—3), rather short; Glo. yellow; FI.to 5 cm lg.,
Haiti: Santo Domingo. The plants in Santo orange; style purple; Fr. ovoid, red, spineless,
Domingo are reputedly always velvety; perhaps a sweet; S.4 mm 0.— Mexico (Central Highlands),
variety? v. rileyi(G. Ortega) Backbg.: Bo.to 3 m h.; trunk
short, very spiny; Sp. white or grey; Seg.
O. tenuifloraSmall (Al-b) narrowly ovate, 10-14 cm lg. or more, velvety;
Bo. shrubby, prostrate to erect, freely branching; Ar. white; Sp. mostly 1, curving downwards;
R.fibrous; Seg.spatulate to + elliptic or narrower, Glo.yellow; FI.7 cm 0, yellow; stylewhite; Fr.
~ :stly 15^10 cm lg., rather thick, deep green, often ?—Mexico (Sinaloa, coast between Rio San
r Irosted; Sp. mostly 3-6, pale yellow, later dirty Lorenzo and Rio Elota);
•ellow, curving, 2-5 cm lg.; FI. deep salmon- v. spranguei(G. Ortega) Backgg.: Bo. to 3 m h.,
: clour, bellshaped, c. 3 cm 0 ; Fr.thick-clavate, to trunk short; Seg. dark green, shortly white-
" cm lg., purple, stem-like below; S. numerous.— velvety; Ar. white; Glo. yellowish-green; FI. 6
USA (Florida, Hammocks, upper Keys of cm 0 , yellow, spotted red in the centre.—
Florida). Mexico (Sinaloa, coast between Rio San
Lorenzo and Rio Elota).
O. tenuisipinaEng. (Al-a)
Bo. low, spreading, to 30 cm h.; Seg. ± ovate, O. tortispinaEng. (Al-a)
opening below, 7-15 cm lg., light green; Sp. 1-3, Bo.prostrate and ascending; Seg.circular or ovate,
bin, to 5 cm lg., white or brown; Glo.brown; FI.to 14-20 cm lg., darker green; Sp. 3-5, white, often
‘ ? cm 0 ; Fr. oblong, 2.5-4 cm lg.; S.irregular in twisted, angular and grooved, 3.5-6 cm lg., with
■ rape.—USA (SW. Texas; New Mexico; Arizona). 2-4 thinner lower Ssp. 1-2.5 cm lg.; Glo.yellowish;
FI.sulphur-yellow, 6-7.5 cm 0 ; Fr.ovoid, to 5 cm
O. tilcarensisBackbg. (B1) lg.—USA (Nebraska to N. Texas),
Bo. low, branching like a string of beads, forming
v. cymochila (Eng.) Backbg.: Seg.circular, to 8.5
colonies; Seg. readily detached, more flattened cm br.; Sp. 1-3, stout, white, often reddish-
¿bove, rounded, base subterete and often elon­ brown below, 2.5-5 cm lg., spreading or down-
gated, light green, to 5 cm lg., and more, 4—5 cm br., curving, somewhat compressed or twisted; Fr.to
i -5 cm thick (stouter when grafted), tuberculate; 3 cm lg.—USA (Kansas; Texas; New Mexico;
At.small; Sp.few to several, 1—4longer, sometimes Arizona).
■ 7 cm lg., pungent, often other small, thinner,
.-ght yellow Sp., variously spreading, mostly
porrect; FI. c. 5 cm 0 , yellow to reddish-orange, O. tracyiBritt. (Al-a)
riossy.—N. Argentina (Tilcara). [Probably the Bo. low, prostrate, freely branching, to 20 cm h.;
riant Haage gives as FR 63, without description.] Seg. pale green, + terete at first, later linear-
v rubellispinaBackbg.: Seg. more bluish-green; oblong, c. 1 cm thick, to 8 cm lg., 3.5 cm br.; Sp.
Sp. pale pinkish-white at first, sometimes with 1-4, to 3.5 cm lg., ± white, dark-tipped; Glo.
red marks below, reddish-brown at the base, numerous, brown; FI.mid-yellow, 4 cm 0.— USA
mostly to 4 longer Sp., usually to c. 4.5 cm lg., (S. Mississippi; SE. Georgia; N. Florida).
individuals also longer, + porrect, very flexible,
sometimes also several shorter or bristle-like Sp., O. treleasiiCoult. (Al-a)
less spreading, whitish; Ar. brownish; Glo. Bo.low, branching from the base, to 30 cm h.; Seg.
chestnut-brown; FI. ? pale bluish-green, ovate, to 15 cm lg. or more,
fleshy, smooth; Sp. absent (type) or numerous (v.
O. tomentellaBerg. (Al-c) kernii Griff.); Glo. dirty yellow; FI. pink, some­
Bo. a taller shrub, without a trunk; Seg. oblong to times spiny; S.large.—USA (S. California, above
:bovate, 20-30 cm lg., lighter green, 9-15 cm br., Caliente [unarmed] or below it [spiny]).
—glossy at first but with recognisably velvety H.,
these shorter than in O. tomentosa; Sp. 1-2, O. triacantha(Willd.) Sweet (Al-a)
icicular, projecting, 7-10 mm lg., whitish, some­ Bo. low-growing; Seg. smooth, matt, green, fairly
times missing; FI.carrot-coloured; stylepink; Fr. thick, 4-8 cm lg., fairly easily detached; Sp.mostly
md S.smaller than in O. tomentosa.—Guatemala 3, to 4 cm lg., white at first, later sometimes
.Antigua, Moran, Amatitlan). yellowish, thin; FI. 5 cm lg., brownish-yellow to
cream, washed pink; Fr.2.5 cm lg., red, spineless.—
O. tomentosaSD. (Al-c) Lesser Antilles (St. Thomas to Guadeloupe; Puerto
Bo. eventually tree-like, to 6 m h., with a spineless Rico; Cuba, near Guantanamo).
377
OPU N TIA

O. tuna(L.) Mill. (Al-b) linear, 15-30 cm lg., 5-6 cm br., fresh green at first,
Bo. shrubby, to 90 cm h.; Seg.light green, oblong later darker; Ar. with a violet spot; Sp. 2(— 3),
to oval, smaller or to 16 cm lg., dark above the large white, later sometimes more; FI.to 4 cm 0, yellow;
Ar.; Sp. 2(-3-5-)6, somewhat spreading, light Fr. 3 cm lg., violet-red outside and inside.—
yellow; Glo. yellow; FI. c. 5 cm 0 , light yellow, Argentina (Tucuman; Santiago del Estero).
centre + reddish; Ov. slender-clavate; Fr.ovoid, 3
cm lg., red.—Jamaica (in the S.) Very free- O. vaseyi(Coult.) Br. & R. (Al-a-b)
flowering. Bo. bushy, low to erect; Seg. to c. 12 cm lg. (or
more), ± ovate, pale green, + frosted at first; Ar.
O. tuna-blancaSpeg. (B3) fairly large; Sp. 1-3, spreading, at most 2 cm lg.,
Bo. erectly shrubby, to 1.5 m h.; Seg. pale greyish or light brown, yellowish to whitish at the
yellowish-green, broadly lanceolate, 12-24 cm lg., tip, rather flat, new growth sometimes with only 1
5-9 cm br.; Sp. 0 (rarely 1); FI. 8-9 cm 0 , orange; Sp., brown; L. reddish, short; FI. deep salmon-
Fr. ?—Argentina (Jujuy, Humahuaca). colour, attractive, large; Fr. spherical, to 5 cm lg.,
purple.—USA (S. California, San Bernardino and
O. turbinataSmall (Al-b) Orange Counties). Often found in masses; one of
Bo. shrubby, erect, under 1 m h., freely branching; the few red-flowered spec.
R. fibrous, stout; Seg.oval, circular or obovate, to
15 cm lg., light green, thick, frosted; Ar. pro­
minent; Sp. 1(— 2—5), to 2-3 cm lg., pale to light O. velutinaWeb. (Al-c)
yellow at first, later brownish; FI. light yellow, to Bo. tree-like, to 4 m h., sometimes with a stout
5.5 cm 0 ; Fr. spherical to top-shaped, to 4 cm lg., trunk; Seg. oblong to ovate, 15-20 cm br., pale
purple.—USA (Florida, coastal dunes in the NE.). green, velvety; Ar. white; Sp. 2-6, yellow, later
white, subulate, to 4 cm lg.; Glo. yellow, later
O. túrgidaSmall (Al-b) brown; FI.small, yellow; Fr.red.—Mexico (Guer­
Bo. small, shrubby, erect, to 0.5 mh. ; R. fibrous; rero, e.g. Canyon del Zopilote).
Seg. elliptic to ovate, to 12 cm lg., deep green,
rather thick, sometimes frosted at first; Sp. 0; Glo. O. vulgaris Mill. (Al-c)
dense; FI.to 6.5 cm 0 , light yellow; Fr. ± ovoid, to Bo. tree-like to shrubby, to 6 m h., trunk to 15 cm
2.5 cm lg., greenish-purple; S. numerous.—USA 0 , spiny or not; Seg. thin, glossy, fresh green,
(Florida, on the Halifax River, S. of Daytona; broader oval to oblong, constricted below, 10-30
Hammocks). cm lg., 8-15 cm br.; Sp. 1-2 (if present on the trunk,
then to 10), yellowish-brown to dark reddish-
O. undulataGriff, non Lk. & O. (Al-c) brown ; FI.to 9 cm 0 , sulphur-yellow, in Argentina
Bo. eventually tree-like, large, robust, with a trunk and Uruguay more orange-yellow; Fr. clavate, to
to 30 cm 0 ; Seg. broadly circular, to over 50 cm spherical with a “stalk”, to c. 7.5 cm lg., sometimes
br., firm, glossy and + wavy, light green, becoming proliferating, reddish-purple.—Brazil to Argen­
darker green; Ar.to 6 cm apart; Sp. 0 or mostly 1, tina.
rarely to 4, short, flattened, sometimes twisted, to This name was for a long time erroneously applied
15 mm lg.; FI. creamy-white; Ov. + cylindric, to O. compressa, with O. monacantha Haw. as a
spineless; Fr. large, to 10 cm lg., dark red”to pale synonym. The attractive variegated form which has
orange, reddish to orange inside.—Mexico (Aguas- been known as Opuntia monacantha f. variegata is
calientes and sporadically on the Central Plateau). thus more correctly Opuntia vulgaris f. variegata;
this has shoots marbled yellowish and green, the
O. urbanianaWerd. (Al-b) Ov. is similarly coloured; the FI. has reddish Sep.;
Bo. bushy; Seg. oblong-linear, to 20 cm lg., 5.5 cm the immature Fr. is also variegated, but yellow
br.; Sp. 1(— 2), 1 of these to 5 cm lg., others smaller if when ripe. There is also a (polyploid?) form with
present, all light horn-coloured at first, then larger and thicker Seg., Sp. to 4, Fr. much larger,
yellowish, acicular, rarely flattened and twisted; oblong, proliferating.
Glo. honey-coloured; FI. to 7 cm lg., 3 cm 0 , v. lemaireana (Cons.) Backbg.: Seg. and FI.
yellow; Fr. ?—Santo Domingo (valley of Cibao). smaller.
The spec, has been regarded as a Consolea, but it
lacks a trunk; possibly it is a hybrid, or a spec, of O. vulpinaWeb. (B2)
Opuntia from the complex: O. bahamana and O. Bo. low-bushy; Seg. thinner than in O. sulphurea,
acaulis. more elongated, to c. 15 cm lg., 6 cm br.; FI.deeper
yellow; style slender-clavate (in O. sulphurea,
O. utkilioSpeg. (Bl) thick-clavate below); Fr. oblong, 3 cm lg., pulp
Bo. prostrate, branchesto 2.50 m lg.; Seg. elliptic- carmine.—Argentina.
378
 O PU N TIA —OREOCEREU S

O. wentianaBr. & R. (Al-b) in O. trollii where they arise lower down the flanks.
Bo. shrubby, to 2 m h., freely branching; Seg. + Diagnostic characters are the longer, ± cylindric
: al to elliptic, rather thin, to 25 cm lg., pale green, tube and longer-projecting style of the zygomor-
faintly frosted ; Sp.mostly 3 at first, later 4-5, pale phic flower, and above all the yellowish-green
dlow, soon white; FI.6-7 cm lg., c. 6 cm 0 , pale spherical hollow fruit which dehisces basally to
Hlow; Fr. small, red.—Venezuela and Curaçao show the fairly large and laxly arranged matt black
Islands. seeds. Elsewhere among the Cerei a fruit of this
type occurs only in Morawetzia, which develops a
1 whetmorei Br. & R. : Tephrocactusglomeratusv. cephalium but is closely related to Oreocereus. In
indicóla(PfeifF.) Backbg. both genera the hair-development is sometimes
greatly reduced. To include this genus in Borzi-
O. whitneyanaBaxt. (Al-a) cactus, as done by Kimnach (USA), is an untenable
Bo. low, branching, to 40 cm h. ; Seg. to 15 cm lg., to thesis in the light of the completely divergent fruits,
1cm br., 2.5 cm thick, sometimes quite circular to and the cephalium in Morawetzia. Riccobono’s
obovate, not velvety, reddish; Ar. more sunken; type-species was O. celsianus, but the plant of
'P- 0: FI.7.5 cm 0 , red; Fr. dry.—USA (Califor- Lemaire’s name in Cels’s catalogue suffered
rda. Sierra Nevada Mountains). confusion with O. trollii at the hands of Salm-
albifloraBaxt. ; Seg. green, never reddish; FI. Dyck, so that after the description of O. trollii the
white, fairly large. Both spec, and variety are taller columnar species had to be re-named, since it
readily distinguished from O. basilaris by the could not be established which plant should be
:hickened, circular and non-velvety shoots. regarded as the type-species.—Distribution: from
N. Argentina through Bolivia to N. Chile and S.
O. wilcoxiiBr. & R. (Al-b) Peru. [(R).]
Bo. erectly shrubby, to 2 m h., freely branching;
■'«g. oblong, rather thin, dark green, to 20 cm lg., O. celsianus (Berg.) Rice, pro parte: Oreocereus
rely velvety, reddish around the Ar. ; Sp. 1-3, neocelsianusBackbg.
rngest one to 6 cm lg., white or yellowish; Glo.
. ow; FI.6 cm lg., yellow; Fr.4 cm lg., velvety.— O. crassiniveus Backbg.: Oreocereus trollii v.
'•léxico (from S. Sonora to Sinaloa). crassiniveusBackbg.
0. woodsiiBackbg. (Al-b) O. doelzianus (Backbg.) Borg: Morawetzia doel-
So. shrubby; Seg. rhombic; FI. red.—USA zianaBackbg.
Nevada, Zion National Park). Habit similar to O.
:cgelmannii, from which it is distinguished by the O. fossulatus(Lab.) Backbg.
-lombic shoots and red FI. Bo.shrubby, to 2 m h., laxly branching; shootsto c.
8 cm 0 ; Ri. 11-14, thickened around the Ar. which
3 zacana How.: Opuntia galapageia v. zacana are surmounted by a V-notch; H. somewhat wispy;
How.) Backbg. Ar. thickly felty at first; Rsp. to c. 16; Csp. 1-4,
subulate, to c. 4 cm lg., yellowish to brownish,
I zacuapanensis Berg.: a little known spec., or dark below; FI. violet-reddish.—Bolivia
: ffering little from O. lasiacantha apart from (Chuquisaca).Sometimesbranchingfromtheflanks.
- _ mg only 2 white Sp. which are yellowish at base v. gracilior (K. Sch.): Sp. c. 14, Csp. mostly
ind tip. Origin not known. solitary, to 5 cm lg., all Sp. amber-coloured; FI.
greenish to violet-pink.—Bolivia (above La
O. zebrinaSmall (Al-b) Paz).
Bo. shrubby, to 1 m h. ; R.fibrous ; Seg.deep green,
rmetimes ± frosted, ± ovate, often spineless O. hendriksenianusBackbg.
:e^ow; Sp. 1-A, subulate, twisted, reddish-brown, Bo. forming large, moderately tall groups or
ineiy zoned; FI. to 7 cm 0 , yellow; Fr. reddish- colonies, branching from below, to c. 1 m h.; St.
p -rple, shortly ovoid, to 4.5 cm lg.—USA (Florida, robust, to almost 10 cm 0 ; H. + wispy, densely
Sape Sable and Keys). tangled, often coffee-coloured at the apex; Ri.c. 10,
to 2.5 cm br., with shallow transverse furrows
Oreocereus (Berg.) Rice. (77) between the Ar.; Ar. with yellow felt at first, later
blackish-grey; Rsp.c. 8-9, to 15 mm lg.; Csp.(l-)4,
A genus of predominantly more strongly hairy horn-coloured, at first sometimes darker or flecked,
Serei. forming low groups, + dense colonies of to 7 cm lg.; FI. carmine, 7 cm lg.—S. Peru to N.
-redium height, stouter columns, or shrubs with Chile.
ender branches. Flowers mostly subapical, except v. densilanatus Rauh & Backbg.: H. pure white,
379
OREOCEREUS-OROYA

dense, in long tufts; Sp. finer, shorter, less blood-red; FI.c. 6 cm lg., red.—N. Chile (at high
conspicuous, yellow.—S. Peru (Puquio valley); altitudes, near Ticnamar).
v. spinosissimus Rauh & Backbg.: H. white to v. tacnaensis (Ritt.) Backbg.: Bo. dull bluish-
yellowish; Csp. 10-15 cm lg., porrect, brilliant green; Ri. 10 at first, without any notch or
yellow.—S. Peru (Puquio valley). transverse division; Sp. more numerous, c. 3-4
mm lg., Rsp. (seedlings) c. 15, lighter or hyaline,
O. maximus Backbg. Csp.scarcely recognisable, c. 10, longer, stouter,
Bo. branching from the base and sides, to over 3 m 12 mm lg. and more; H. virtually missing; Ar.
h.; branchesnot numerous, to 20cm thick; H. laxly long-oval. Sp. increasing later in both thickness
wispy, little projecting, often curly; Ar. large, and number.—S. Peru (Tacna frontier region).
oblong, with thick brown felt; Sp. scarcely Probably forms colonies.
differentiated, stout, terete, straight or + curving, 2
lower ones rather thinner, 1 or several more central
Sp. longer, very stout, in various colours from light Oroya Br.&R. (115)
yellow to orange-brown; FI. to c. 9 cm lg., dull
pink.—Bolivia (Tupiza). Spherical species, the largest to 25 cm 0 , mostly
offsetting, the spine-colour rather variable in some
O. neocelsianusBackbg. (T.) species. Bodies often set low in the soil, sometimes
Bo.lower than the preceding, but over 1 m h., light with stout main roots. Occurrence restricted to
to darker to greyish-green; St. 8-12 cm thick; Ri. altitudes over 3500 m. Flowers relatively small,
10-17, obtuse, swollen around the Ar.; H. wispy, with the inner petals curving ± inwards; ovary and
tangled, + dense to fairly so, rarely brownish fruit with only traces of felt; the fruit is a small
above, to 5 cm lg.; Ar. large; Rsp. c. 9, stiffly hollow berry, with the seeds laxly arranged inside
subulate, to 2 cm lg.; Csp. 1-4, stouter, to 8 cm lg., it. (Similar characters of flower and fruit also found
variously coloured; FI. to 9 cm lg., dull pink.—S. in the Chilean genus, Neoporteria. When Kimnach
Bolivia to N. Argentina (to Humahuaca). Branch­ (USA) seeks to include in Borzicactus the genera
ing mostly from the base. Oreocereus and Morawetzia, with their hollow
fruits, and at the same time also the genus
O. ritteri Cullm.: Oreocereus hendriksenianus v. Matucana which, in habit, resembles Neoporteria
densilanatusRauh & Backbg. from Chile, then logically he should also include
Oroya since Borzicactus sensu Kimn. likewise
O. tacnaensis Ritt.: Oreocereus variicolor v. possesses rather narrow flower-openings; this
tacnaensisBackbg. demonstrates the effects of synthetic groupings as
opposed to natural ones. These confusions cannot
O. trollii(Kupp.) Backbg. arise where groups of species with naturally
Bo. in low groups, laxly branching from the base, uniform characters are segregated.—Distribution:
rarely over 60 cm h., mostly less; St. thick; Ri. Peru, High Andes, from the Cordillera Negra to the
15-25, low; H. dense, fine, white, to 7 cm lg.; Sp. Mantaro region. [G.]
scarcely differentiated, radials 10-15, + bristly-
fine, to subulate, Csp. 1to several, stoutly subulate, O. borchersii(Bod.) Backbg.
brilliant brownish-red at first, later yellow to Bo. broadly spherical, fairly deep in the ground, to
reddish-brown; FI. to over 4 cm lg., pinkish-red to over 20 cm 0,20-30 cm h., fresh green; Ri.toe. 30:
carmine, bluish-carmine inside.—N. Argentina Ar. light brown; Rsp. ± pectinate, thin-acicular to
(frontier zone; Humahuaca and northwards). (Fig. bristly, 15-25; Csp. 1— 3(—5) or more, scarcely
290.) differentiated; Sp. to c. 2-2.5 cm lg., (greenish to)
v. crassiniveus (Backbg.) Backbg.: St. later amber-coloured; FI.numerous, 2 cm lg., 1 cm 0 ,
prostrate, quite long; H. pure white; Sp.not very lemon-yellow; Fr. ± clavate, yellowish-green, to
stout, light.—S. Bolivia (N. of Tupiza); 2.5 cm lg.—N. Peru (Cordillera Blanca and
v. tenuiorBackbg.: Bo. densely branching, more Cordillera Negra).
slender, to 60 cm h., 9 cm 0 ; Sp. stiff but thin, v. fuscataRauh & Backbg.: Sp. reddish-brown.
acicular to subulate.—Bolivia (Huari-Huari).
O. gibbosa Ritt., with noticeable swellings around
O. variicolorBackbg. the Ar. and + chin-like tuberculate protuberances,
Bo. erectly columnar, moderately branching; St. has been shown by recent observations to be Oroya
arising from the base; Ri.c. 12, rounded; Ar.large, peruviana (K. Sch.) Br. & R. which shows similar
brownish-white; H. rarely present, or few and then variability of habit. Imported plants of Ritter’s
short; Rsp. c. 15, variously stout; Csp. 4, much were indistinguishable from O. peruviana in
longer, stoutly subulate, from near-white to dark Werdermann’s colour photo in “Bliih. Kakt.
380
 OROYA ORTEGOC ACT US

_ - sukk. Pflz.”, plate 166, 1939; moreover it is just mostly black below ; FI. numerous, to 2.5 cm lg., 2.2
is floriferous in cultivation, but this cannot be said cm 0 , carmine-reddish, yellow inside or below ; Fr.
f: r any other species. virtually glabrous.—Central Peru. Mature plants
cannot be distinguished from O. gibbosa Ritt., so
O. laxiareolataRauh & Backbg. that Ritter must know the type-locality for the
Bo. mostly simple, elongated in age, to c. 15 cm h., type-species, which has not yet been satisfactorily
1C cm 0 or more, greyish-olive to leaf-green; Ri. established. Floriferous spec.
I-t-30, variable in width, with transverse inden­
tio n s above the Ar.; Ar, narrow, elongated, O. subocculta Rauh & Backbg.
ellowish to white; Sp. pectinate, directed stiffly Bo. broadly spherical, sunken mostly in the soil,
ceways, pale yellowish, reddish or dark below; rarely offsetting, to 15 cm h., 20 cm 0 , passing over
Rsp. c. 16-24; Csp.mostly 0, sometimes 1, porrect, into the taproot; Ri. 20-30; Ar. to 1.5 cm lg. ; Rsp.
-lore elongated; FI. pale carmine, mid-yellow c. 10, pectinate; Csp. 0-1-2, stouter, porrect, to 2
:owards the centre.—Central Peru (Mantaro cm lg. ; Sp. yellowish, reddish below; FI. 2.5 cm lg.,
crraces, S. of Oroya). 1.5 cm 0 , light carmine to crimson, yellowish
• pluricentralisBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. I ll: below.—Central Peru (S. of Oroya),
10. 1963: Csp.to c. 7, in a vertical R., the longest v. albispina Rauh & Backbg. : Sp. white, strongly
one noticeably porrect, others pointing ± appressed, centrals missing or to 3, to 3.3 cm lg. ;
upwards, dark below, otherwise deeper yellow; FI. 3 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 ;
Rsp. in part (uppers) yellower than in the type; v. fusca Rauh & Backbg. : Ri. to 32 ; Sp. intense
Sp.usually enveloping the Bo. fairly closely; Ar., reddish-brown at first, glassy above, less in­
as in the type, fairly distant. (Fig. 291.) terlacing, centrals mostly absent; FI. 1.5 cm lg.,
deep red.
O. neoperuvianaBackbg.
Bo. eventually larger-spherical, to c. 40 cm h., 20
cm 0 , green to dark green; Ri. 24-35; Rsp. c. Ortegocactus Alex. (223)
2<C-30, acicular, interlacing, to c. 1.5 cm lg.; Csp.to
5. 1-2 often more noticeable, otherwise scarcely Small spherical plants, mostly caespitose, resem­
crfferentiated; Sp. honey-yellow, brown below, bling Coryphantha except that the stout tubercles
s jmetimes rather variable in colour, to lighter have no furrow. As in Mammillaria, the flowers
>ellow; FI.to 2 cm lg., numerous, carmine to paler arise from the newer axils and are hairy. The
ibove, yellowish inside.—Central Peru (Oroya), longer-persisting fruit is dry, the seeds black and
like most other spec, or varieties, this plant is harder finely pitted. This genus shows particularly clearly
; o flower in cultivation than the type-species, that the reduction of floral indumentum by
v depressa Rauh & Backbg.: Bo. depressed- innumerable stages conforms to evolutionary laws,
spherical, to c. 10 cm h., 20 cm 0 , projecting and that it is of decisive importance for a systematic
little above the soil; Ri. 15-20; Rsp. c. 20; Csp. classification. Ortegocactus, with its hirsute axil­
mostly 1, to 2 cm lg.; all Sp. reddish-brown.— lary flowers, stands before Mammillaria in the line
Central Peru (Andahuaylas); of reduction, but between the Groups Boreoechi-
v. ferrugineaRauh & Backbg.: FI.smaller, more nocacti and Mammillariae.—Distribution:
intensely red. Apparently rather variable. I have Mexico (Oaxaca). (?)
seen one plant with a dark green epidermis; Sp.c.
13, somewhat bent, + chocolate-brown, tips + O. macdougallii Alex. (T.)
black; Csp. 0; Bo. broadly spherical, light greyish-green, to only c.
v. tenuispinaRauh: Bo. light green; Ri.narrow; 4 cm 0 ; Tub. rhomboid to depressed-rounded, to
Rsp. numerous, thin, to 2.5 cm lg., pectinate; 12 mm br., finely pitted, spiralled; Ar. shortly
Csp.often present but scarcely distinguishable as woolly; Rsp. 7-8, 5-10 mmlg.; Csp. 1, 4—5 mmlg. ;
such; Sp.pale yellowish to whitish or brownish- all Sp. black to whitish, black-tipped ; FI. to 3 cm
reddish, darker below. lg., to 2.5 cm 0 , mid-yellow; Tu. short; Ov. not
scaly, with weak H.; style greenish-yellow; Sti. 4,
O. peruviana(K. Sch.) Br. & R. (T.) deep green; Fr. spherical-ellipsoid, dry, dark red,
Bo.depressed-spherical to subspherical, to c. 14 cm thinly hairy; S. 0.9 mm lg.—Mexico (Oaxaca, near
0 , bluish-green; Ri.to c. 21, at first ± tuberculate, the village of San José Lacheguiri). (Fig. 292.)
later with transverse indentations between the Ar.,
often (or in age) with a ± chin-like protuberance x Pachgerocereus orcuttii (K. Brand.) R. Moran—
below the Ar.; Ar. to over 1 cm lg., white; Rsp. c. Cact. y Suc. Mex., VIII : 3, 59. 1963.
15-16, pectinate and + spreading; Csp. c. 4—5, A natural hybrid between Pachycereus pringlei and
subulate, to c. 2 cm lg.; Sp. reddish-brownish. Bergerocactus emoryi, or identical with Pachy-
381
X PACHGEROCEREUS-PACHYCEREUS

cereus orcuttii (K. Brand.) Br. & R. (see latter for green, growing out sideways from the trunk and
description). The hybrid genus (1. c.) is given as: x then ascending, parallel and vertical, to c. 15 cm 0 ;
Pachgerocereus R. Mor. Ri. c. 10, very broad, not prominent; Sp. not
modified in the flowering-zone, stoutly subulate;
Pachycerei Berg, emend. Backbg.: for comments Rsp. moderately lg., 1 central dark, flattened;FI. ?
on the Group, see under Polaskia Backbg. Fr. dry, with dense and longer Sp.—Mexico
(Guerrero, Zopilote Canyon).
Pachycereus (Berg.) Br. & R. (149) P. grandisRose
Bo. enormous, to over 10 m h.; branches dense,
Large to very stout columnar Cerei, sometimes ascending steeply or obliquely, sometimes some­
with a trunk, always fairly freely branching, those what constricted; trunk to 1 m 0 , branches
without a trunk branching from near the base. stout, pale green, at first with frosted stripes; Ri.
Flowers nocturnal, ± bellshaped-funnelform to 9-11, prominent, fairly acute; Rsp. 9-10; Csp. 3,
funnelform; the relatively stout tube is fairly the lowest one longest, to 6 cm lg., somewhat
densely scaly; the ovary has stronger wool- flattened; all Sp. subulate, grey to white, black-
development, with bristles present to completely tipped, modified in the flowering-zone, acicular to
reduced; the fruit shows a comparable line of bristly; FI.only 4 cm lg.; Ov.with Br. and weak H.;
reduction, similar to that seen in some closely Fr.large, with yellow Br. and yellow felt.—Mexico
related species: from a dense covering of longer (Morelos near Cuernavaca).
spines, to fine and short spines; it opens above or
splits open; while there is no actual fruit-pulp, the P. lepidanthus (Eichl.) Br. & R.: Anisocereus
funicles are often fleshy and contain a pectinose lepidanthus(Eichl.) Backbg.
substance. The fruit dries very quickly. In some
species the new areoles are connected by bands of P. marginatus (DC.) Br. & R.:Marginatocereus
felt, these disappearing later. Seeds are large, marginatus(DC.) Backbg.
mostly matt black, but shiny in some cases.—
Distribution: Mexico (from Baja California and P.orcuttii(K. Brand.) Br. & R.
Sonora, near the coasts, southwards to Tehuan­ Bo.branching from below, to 3m h.; branchesto 15
tepec, and the Highlands in Guerrero, Morelos, cm 0 ; Ri. 14-18, 1 cm h.; Ar. 6 mm 0, light grey;
Puebla and Oaxaca). [(R).] Rsp. c. 12-20, c. 12 mm lg.; intermediateSp.c. 10,
16-24 mm lg., one upper often to 7cm lg.; Csp. 5,
P.calvus(Eng.) Br. & R. porrect, rather longer; FI.greenish-brown, c. 4 cm
Bo.strongly columnar, with a trunk;branchesvery lg.; Ov. densely felty, with brown Br. to 6 cm lg.;
stout, + curving and frosted; Ri.to c. 20 and more; Fr.5 cm lg. and 0, dry, with dense long thin yellow
Sp. fairly stout at first, those of the flowering zone Sp. to 2.5 cm lg.—Mexico (Baja California, around
greatly reduced, short or missing; Ar. discrete El Rosario).
towards the apex; FI.clearly funnelform, white; Fr. Acc. Reid Moran’s more recent investigations, this
very spiny, oblong, Sp. red, pale-tipped, funicles is a natural hybrid between Pachycereus pringlei
red, pectinose.—Mexico (Baja California, from and Bergerocactus emoryi, which he named x
Cape San Lucas northwards). (Fig. 294, right, 295.) Pachgerocereus orcuttii (K. Brand.) R. Mor.;
another hybrid of the latter is x Myrtgerocactus
P. chrysomallus sensu Br. & R.: Mitrocereus lindsayi R. Mor.; see also under this.
fulviceps(Web.) Backbg.
P.pecten-aboriginum(Eng.) Br. & R.
P. columna-trajani sensu Br. & R.: Haseltonia Bo. tree-like, to 10m h., with a trunkto 2 m lg., 30
columna-trajani(Karw.) Backbg. cm 0 ; branches steeply or obliquely ascending,
stout; Ri. 10-11; Ar. shield-shaped, connected at
P. columna-trajani sensu Daws.: Mitrocereus least for a time by a band of felt; Sp.at first 8 radials
fulviceps(Web.) Backbg. to 1 cm lg., subulate, 1 laterally compressed Csp.
to 3 cm lg., mostly shorter; all apical Sp. dark,
P. gaumeri Br. & R .: Anisocereus gaumeri (Br. & soon whitish-grey and black-tipped, those in the
R.) Backbg. flowering zone modified to golden-brown Br.,
tufted, to 2.5cm lg.; FI.to 8.5cm lg.; Tu. and Ov.
P.gigas(Backbg.) Backbg. with longer-projecting Sc., drying to black; Ov.
Bo. giant-cereoid, forming a long trunk, broadly more strongly yellow-woolly, sometimes with small
branching above that, with no noticeable con­ Br.; Pet. pure white; Fr. to 7.5 cm 0, densely set
striction ; trunk to 1 m 0 ; branches matt greyish- with yellow felt and stiff yellow Br. to 6 cm lg.; S.

382
 PACH YCEREUS—PARODIA

d : ssy, 6 mm lg.—Mexico (Sonora, to the Gulf of cacti of S. America; in 1923 only a single species
'ihuantepec). The fruit was formerly used by the was known, whereas there have been numerous
Mexican Indians as a comb, hence the specific discoveries in more recent times. Bodies from
:ime meaning "natives’ comb”. spherical to elongated, with spines variable as to
thickness, shape and colour; central spines range
F. pringlei(S. Wats.) Br. & R. (T.) from + hooked, to very curving or straight. The
Bo. mostly tree-like, to 11 m h., with a trunkto 2 m flowers have a short tube, with slender scales, which
e and 60 cm thick which eventually becomes is + very woolly and with or without bristles
-: ody and glabrous; branches obliquely ascend- above, these sometimes also lower down or only in
og, very stout, curving and frosted at first; Ri. c. a ring above; the woolly indumentum of the ovary
: Ar. (in particular the flowering ones) large, is in part ± reduced. Since the bristles can be much
-: >e in the flowering zone confluent, connected at reduced to absent, there is a clear line of reduction
irst by a band of felt; Sp. white, black-tipped, in indumentum which is not parallelled in the
:-rcely differentiated, c. 20, mostly to c. 2 cm lg., Chilean species; this shows that the question must
: at, later sometimes to 12 cm lg., concolorous be studied separately for each genus. The seeds
: ick, those in the flowering zone dropping or + show similarly conspicuous differences: they can be
.isent; FI. bellshaped-funnelform, to 8 cm lg., light-coloured and very fine, or larger and black,
- bite; Tu.and Ov.more strongly feky, without any which shows—in the face of the very uniform
-¡cognisable Sp.; Fr. oblong-spherical, with nature of the genus—that seeds are not a good basis
shortly spined Ar. and some felt; S, with fleshy for systematic classification. The fruits dry to
.nicies.—Mexico (Sonora to Nayarit, near the become thin-membranous, and then open basally or
.: ist, Baja California and neighbouring islands), disintegrate. The rib-form is also variable; ribs may
r :g. 293, 294 left.) On the islands of Tortuga, La be continuous, or completely divided into tu­
A:alana etc. there are shorter ± trunkless forms, bercles, with intermediate stages. Some 14 un­
: little is known of these. described species must be given at least a brief
mention here since seeds are available, and
F queretaroensis (Web.) Br. & R.: Ritterocereus therefore plants are also found in collections.—
; .eretaroensis(Web.) Backbg. Distribution: Bolivia to N. Argentina, Paraguay,
Central to S. Brazil. [(G) or (R); some spec, prosper
P ruficeps (Web.) Br. & R.: Mitrocereus ruficeps on their own roots, and some—e.g. P. comosa—
Web.) Backbg. cannot be successfully grafted; other spec., how­
ever are more difficult when on their own roots, so
; tehuantepecanus MacDoug. & H. Bravo: that most grafted plants grow faster and flower
P¿chvcereuspecten-aboriginum(Eng.) Backbg. more freely, although the genus as a whole is free-
flowering.] The species are divided as follows on the
? .etetzo (Web.) Br. & R.: Neobuxbaumia tetetzo basis of their central spines:
Web.) Backbg. 1. Species with hooked centrals;
2. Species with the centrals ± curving above;
P. weberi(Coult.) Backbg. 3. Species with straight centrals.
Bo. tree-like, to over 10 m h., trunk to 1 m lg.; For readier identification the appropriate group is
--inches numerous, ascending and parallel, ± shown in each case by the figure after the specific
- sted, dark bluish-green, regularly constricted; name. There are however plants where the spina-
Rsp. 6-12, to 2 cm lg., acicular; Csp. 1, to c. 10 cm tion is not always uniform.
: . flattened, dark reddish-brown to blackish; FI.
: 10 cm lg., yellowish-white; Ov. with much P.agregiaWesk. (nom. prov.)
• oolly felt; Tu. with narrow thin Sc. and long Bo. oblong, dark green, 10 cm h., 6 cm 0 ; Ri. 13,
r rown H.; Fr. oblong, to 7 cm lg. and more, spiralled, Tub. round; crown covered with white
irtually dry, with small deciduous Sp.—Mexico wool; Ar.6 mm apart, long remaining woolly; Rsp.
Puebla: Oaxaca). Diverges from P. grandis by its white, 10, appressed; Csp. 7, brownish-yellow, 2
rroad crown; and from P. gigas by the longer laterals and the bottom one strongly hooked; FI.
: tary Csp., shortly spiny Fr., different epidermis- red, 5 cm 0 ; Fr.broad, golden-yellow; S. round to
: : .our and more conspicuous constriction of the oval, dark, glossy as if varnished.—Argentina.
shoots. Found by Fechser. A form of Parodia dichroac-
antha.
Parodia Speg. (108) P. alacriportanaBackbg. & Voll (1)
Bo.simple, spherical to elongated, to 8 cm 0 , dark
A genus of some of the most attractive globose green; Ri.c. 23; Rsp.to c. 20, to 8 mm lg., thin; Csp.

383
PARODIA

4-7, to 7 mm lg., one to c. 1 cm lg., hooked; Sp. or the Csp., while the smaller flower-size of v.
white at first, laterals bristly fine, centrals yellow;albifusca (to 4 cm lg.) is of little importance since
FI. medium-sized, yellow.—S. Brazil (Rio Grande Ritter himself gives variations of 4^-4.5-5 cm for
do Sul, in the mountains near Porto Alegre). both the type and v. omniaurea. Because of the
numerous intermediates, these two varieties cannot
P. amambayensis (Werd.) Borg: Parodia para- be segregated, but the following seems admissible
guayensisSpeg. on account of the divergence of FI.-colour:
v. lateritiaBackbg.: FI. brick-red.
P. andreaeBrandt (syn. P. subtilihamata Ritt.)
Bo.broadly spherical, dark grass-green, to c. 15 cm P. aureispinaBackbg. (1)
h., 14 cm 0 ; Ar. slightly tuberculate, covered with Bo. spherical, fresh green, to 6.5 cm 0 ; Ri.to c. 16
short wool, c. 7-10 mm lg., in old plants the Ar. are or more, spiralled, tuberculate; Rsp. c. 40, bristly-
contiguous, forming an unbroken band of white fine, white; Csp. c. 6, to c. 15 mm lg., + golden-
wool; Ri. 13; Rsp. c. 20, whitish, often golden- yellow, 4 of these cruciform, all stouter, the lowest
brown later, very fine, 10-15 mm lg.; Csp. 7, one or several hooked; FI. to 3 cm 0 , golden-
straight, the middle one projecting stiffly away yellow; S. minute, brown.—N. Argentina (Salta),
from the Bo., all Csp. light brown to honey- v. australis Brandt: closely resembles P.
coloured, c. 20-25 mm lg.; FI. golden-orange, c. rubriflora, differing as follows: areolar wool
4-5 cm 0 , throat orange-pink; Tu.short; styleand pure white; Csp. mostly 8, darker carmine,
Sti. yellow; Fr. brownish, c. 4 mm 0 ; S. dark especially the 6 lower stoutest ones, not fading
reddish-brown, almost black, glossy.—Bolivia with age as in v. rubriflora, outer upper ones
(Prov. Mendez, near Cieneguilla and probably also sometimes tipped darker, and lighter below; FI.
in the mountains near Tarija). Seedlings of this not flame-coloured with a golden sheen, but dark
spec, also appear in sowings reputedly of P. blood-red with a bluish-violet sheen. In v.
subtilihamata and P. tredecimcostata. (Fig. 497.) australis the FI. are 6 cm 0 . This is the most
southerly of the aureispina varieties, as indicated
P. atroviridisBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 10. by the name (Fig. 498);
1963(1-2-3) v. elegans Backbg.: crown more strongly white-
Bo.simple, dark green, to 7 cm h., 6.5 cm 0 ; crown woolly; all Sp. fine, with additional finer hair­
felty; Ri. spiralled, c. 13, tuberculate; Ar. c. 9 cm like Br. to 2.2 cm lg., but one lower Csp. clearly
apart; Rsp. c. 10, 5 mm lg., white; Csp. 4, brown, hooked. Backeberg’s v. elegans is a hybrid, acc.
upper ones thinner, lower one 1.3 cm lg., straight to F. Brandt and others, since it does not come true
+ hooked; FI.c. 2.3 cm lg., 3 cm 0 ; Pet. yellow, from seed;
numerous, c. 2.5 mm br.;style light green.— N. v. vulgaris Brandt: Bo. hemispherical, later
Argentina (no more precise locality given; found elongated, compact, intense bluish-green; crown
by Fechser). (Fig. 296.) slightly sunken, with tufted Sp.; Ri.
(19—)21(— 29), spiralled, divided into small Tub.;
P.aureicentraBackbg. (2[1]) Ar. weakly woolly, pure white, very slowly
Bo. spherical to elongated, to 15 cm 0 , mostly becoming glabrous, c. 8 mm apart; Rsp.c. 20-40,
grouping, single plants sometimes also ± flattened- radiating, white, c. 10 mm lg.; Csp. 6-10, the
spherical; Ri. c. 13-15, + tuberculate; Ar. at first lowest one stoutest, hooked, c. 15 mm lg.,
strongly white-woolly; Rsp. bristle-like, to c. 40, whitish-yellow, the 4 or more stoutest tipped
interlacing laterally; Csp. stouter, 6-10, to 2-2.5 dark to brownish-red; FI.several together in the
cm lg., one or several of the 4 strongest straight to crown, c. 4-5 cm 0 , pericarpel smooth in the
± curving at the tip or even hooked; lateral Sp. lower part, glabrous, green, areolate above, set
white, centrals lighter to darker golden-brown; FI. with Sc. with whitish wool; Sep.mid-green, paler
c. 4 cm 0 , light blood-red.—N. Argentina (Salta, in the centre; Pet. golden-yellow; Fil. and An.
Cachipampa). yellow; style cream; Fr. small, thin-
Spec, with very variable spination. Ritter described membranous ; S.small, glossy, light brown.
v. albifusca Ritt., which scarcely diverges from the There are also FI. with a dark throat. F. Brandt
above description, also a v. omniaurea Ritt. with has also described v. scopapoides and v.
strongly hooked Csp., spination finer, overall rubriflora.—N. Argentina (Salta). (Fig. 499.)
yellowish-brownish, with only 22-26 Rsp.; but
there are also very fine-spined intermediates with
white Rsp., all Sp. finer, and a form with c. 18 Rsp., P. aurihamata hort.: a more golden-yellow form of
golden-brown like the 5 strongly hooked Csp. ParodiamutabilisBackbg.
which are 2.5 cm lg. The number of centrals is just
as variable as the stoutness and colour of the Rsp. I P. aurinana Ritt. (FR 922): an unclarified spec..
384
 PARODIA

- :ed in 1966 by Weskamp.—Argentina (Salta, at Presumably now lost. Described as follows: Ri. c.
low altitudes). 15, tuberculate; Rsp. 8-10, thin, whitish-yellowish,
4-5 mm lg.; Csp. only 1, to 1 cm lg., stout, brown,
P.ayopayana Card. (3) bent downwards at the tip; FI.2.5 cm lg., whitish or
Bo.spherical, to 8 cm h., 9 cm 0 , fresh green; Ri.c. pale pink.—Brazil (Santos).
11, 2 cm h. and br., weakly tuberculate and
somewhat angular; Ar.white; Rsp. 10-11, to 2 cm P. brcvihamataW. Hge. (1)
g.. white, acicular; Csp. 4, subulate, light brown, Bo. slender-spherical, 3^1 cm 0 , later elongated,
thickened below, straight, mostly 3 cm lg., one to olive-green, tinged ± purplish in the sun; Tub. in
3.5 cm lg.; FI.3 cm lg., golden-yellow; Fr. 1-4 cm 22 R,, very slender; Ar. white or yellowish; Rsp. c.
g.. white-woolly; S. fine, brownish to black.— 16, to 3 mm lg., yellowish-white; Csp.4-6, to 4 mm
Bolivia (Puente Pilatos). lg., thickened below, yellow, brownish-red above,
v. elata Ritt. (FR 746a): only a name. one Sp. concolorous dark red at first, decurved,
hooked; FI.golden-yellow.—S. Brazil (Rio Grande
?.backebergianaBrandt do Sul).
Bo. flattened-spherical, bluish-green, 5 cm h., 8 cm Matthes has reported 2 forms to me: type-species
Z Ri.13, spiralled, acute, c. 1cm h., to 2 cm apart, with a darker Bo., Ar. more strongly woolly, FI.
tuberculate; Ar. with much white wool; crown shorter, Pet. broader and sometimes more round­
depressed, covered with white stranded wool to 1 ed; the other form has a greener Bo., longer Rsp.,
Icm lg.; Rsp.c. 8, subulate, brown, stout, c. 3-5 mm larger FI., Pet. laxer and more lanceolate; both
g.. erect, ± curving; Csp. 1, c. 1 cm lg., stouter, have pungent Br. My own cultivated plant is dark,
more bent at the tip; FI. c. 3 cm 0 , deeply readily becomes violet-green, the FI. are lax, fairly
embedded in the white apical wool, brilliant blood- large, the Pet. broad, tapering.
red, opening widely; throat greenish-yellow; The spec, is thus variable as shown above; the
pericarpel orange-yellowish, c. 3 cm 0 , with amount of areolar felt is also variable.
scattered woolly hairlets; Rec. only a few mm lg.;
style with 8 yellowish Sti. (Fig. 500).—Bolivia
Oropeza, on the road from Sucre to Tarabuco, in P . buenekeri Buin.—Succulenta, 41: 8, 99-101.
1962(1-2)
i company with P. otuyensis Ritt.).
Bo. spherical, to c. 5 cm h., 6 cm 0 , intense green;
P.bilbaoensisCard. 1966 Ri. c. 20, divided above into short Tub.; Ar. +
Bo. shortly cylindric, 4-5 cm h., 5-6 cm 0 , light greyish-whitish; Rsp.to c. 13, 6-23 mm lg., whitish,
not quite straight, thin, + interlacing sideways;
green; Ri. c. 13, slightly spiralled, 8 mm h., to 13
imm br.; Ar. 5 mm apart, round, 2 mm 0 , grey- Csp. 5-6, ± colourless at first, then brownish, to 3
:elty; Rsp. 18-20, appressed or + spreading, very cm lg., thickened below, later occasionally rec-
:hin, acicular, 6-8 mm lg., white; Csp.4, spreading, ognisably hooked; FI. to 4 cm lg. and 0 , glossy,
golden-yellow, set with many dark Br.; Fr. 8 mm
2-20 mm lg., white to brownish, straight; FI. 2.5
cm lg., golden-yellow; style light yellow; Sti. 5, lg., with wool and white Br.; S. 1mm lg., brownish-
black.—S. Brazil (border between Rio Grande do
■ ellow.—Bolivia (Bilbao, Dept. Potosí, near Mol-
.envillque, at 2200 m, in rock-crevices under Sul and Santa Catarina). (Fig. 297.)
j bushes). Differentiated from P. taratensis, which The original description gave the Csp. as at most
i occurs in the same area, by the more numerous and. having the tips bent, but I have also seen plants
I shorter Rsp. and almost straight Csp. where they were distinctly hooked.

P. borealisRitt.jbTaxon”, XIII: 3, 116. 1964 (3) IP. buiningiana: mentioned by Ritter (FR 1096),
Bo. hemispherical, later elongated, greyish-green, I belonging to the microsperma group.
:o 3.7 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 13, later also to 15, c. 7 mm h.;
Rsp.(as in P. comosa) 7-20 mm lg., hair-like, white P. cafayatensis n.nud.: Parodia microsperma v.
or yellow-brown, lowest ones shortest; Csp. 4, cafayatensisBackbg.
acicular, to 2.5 cm lg., stiff, mostly dark brown,
blackish or yellowish-brown to grey; FI.to 2 cm lg., P. camargensis Buin. & Ritt.—Succulenta, 41: 2,
golden-yellow; Sep. reddish; Tu. with reddish- 18-21. 1962 (2-3)
brown or black Br. above; Fr.carmine; S. 0.5 mm Bo. simple or caespitose, to 13 cm 0 , 25 cm h.; Ri.
lg., purse-shaped.—Bolivia (Prov. Larecaja- 10-15, rather obtuse; Rsp. 8-11, 2-4 cm lg., lower
Muñecas, frontier, in the Rio Consata gorge, Dept. ones longer, stouter; Csp. 3-A, 2.5-5 cm lg.; Sp.
La Paz) (FR 120). straight or + curving, all stiff and yellowish-
brown; FI. to 3.5 cm lg., carmine, bordered
P.brasiliensisSpeg. (Notocactus, acc. Haage) brownish-yellow, with whitish to brownish H.; S.
385
PARODIA

black, 1.5 mm lg.—Bolivia (S. Cinti, Camargo) red, lowest one hooked towards the Bo. and claw­
(FR 86). like; FI. light yellow, medium-sized.—N. Argen­
v. camblayana Ritt. (1-2): Bo. with more white tina (Catamarca?). (Fig. 298.)
woolly H. in the crown; Ar. smaller; Csp. 7-9, v. rubriflorens Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill:
thinner, 1-4 lowest ones stouter, reddish-brown, 10. 1963: Bo. soon becoming oblong, c. 3.5 cm
sometimes hooked; FI. larger, yellow-ochre, 0 ; Ri. 21, in spiralled R. of Tub.; Rsp. c. 10,
with or without a reddish M.-line (FR 724); white, + acicular-subulate when seen under a
v. castanea Ritt.: Ri. 10-18; Sp. thinner, lens; Csp. 1, to c. 6 mm lg., hooked downwards
chestnut to blackish-brown or black; Rsp. 7-9; and strongly towards the Bo., claw-like, light
Csp. 1-4; FI.and S.rather smaller (FR 723); flesh-colour at first, rarely also 2 further Sp.,
v. prolifera Ritt.: Sp. reddish-brown; Rsp. 6-8; straight, directed upwards; all Sp. very finely
Csp. 1-4; FI.to 3 cm lg.; S. rather smaller (FR rough; FI. red (“erythrantha”, acc. Fechser).—
726). (Fig. 312, above.) N. Argentina.

P. camblayana Ritt.: Parodia camargensis v. P. chaetocarpa Ritt.—Succulenta, 43: 4, 58. 1964

camblayana Ritt. (3)
Bo. light green, to c. 8 cm 0 ; Ar. 2-4 mm apart;
P.cardenasiiRitt.—Succulenta, 43:4,58.1964 (3) Rsp. 10-15, white; Csp. 4-7, 8-20 mm lg., pale or
Rsp. 8-14, whitish; Csp. 3-5, white, tipped dark brown; FI.to 2.5 cm lg., coppery-yellow; Tu.
chestnut-brown; FI. 3 cm lg., sulphur-yellow; Tu. to 8 mm lg.; Ov.densely bristly; Sti.c. 12; S.rather
to 12mm lg.; Ov. without Br.; Sep.with a red M.- larger, not so smooth.—Bolivia (Prov. Cordillera,
line and tip; Pet. 1.5 cm lg., to 6 mm br.; Fil. Salinos) (FR 1135).
coppery-yellow above, almost white below.— Ritter’s description shows the differences from P.
Bolivia (Prov. O’Connor, Angosto de Villamontes) formosa.
(FR 914).
Ritter’s description gives the data distinguishing P. challamarcanaBrandt
this plant from P. formosa. Bo. spherical, light to dark green, c. 10 cm h., 8 cm
0; Ri. 13, spiralled, 1 cm h., acute, glossy; Ar.
P.carminataBackbg. (1) white-woolly, c. 5 mm 0 , set on flat Tub.; Rsp.
Bo. oblong-spherical, dull bluish-green; Tub. 9-10, radiating, projecting, lower ones shorter,
spiralled; Rsp. c. 18, bristly, fine, white, to 8 mm tipped + brownish; Csp. 4, thin, light below,
lg.; Csp. several, 4 cruciform, more clearly otherwise brown, longest one directed upwards, to
recognizable, dark to blackish-brown, lowest one 3.5 cm lg.; FI. c. 4 cm 0 , light to golden-yellow,
hooked; FI. 2.5 cm 0 , glossy, carmine.—N. with a lighter throat; Sc.to 3 mm lg., brownish to
Argentina (Salta). yellow, Sc.-Br. rusty brown, c. 1 cm lg.; Fil.glossy
silvery-white; An. creamy-white; style 2.4 cm lg..
P. carreranaCard.—“Cactus”, 18:93-94. 1963 (3) creamy-white; Fr.5 mm 0 , hard-skinned, covered
Bo.to 7cm h., 10cm 0 , greyish-green; Ri.c. 14, ± with woolly H.; S. 5 mm 0 , + oval.—Bolivia (S.
spiralled, 1 cm h., 1.5 cm br.; Ar. 1 cm apart, 6 mm Cinti, Challamarca). (Fig. 501.)
O, round, grey; Rsp. c. 17, interlacing, appressed, Acc. Lau, this spec, occurs at the confluence of the
1.5-3 cm lg.; Csp. 3^4, projecting, 2.5-3 cm lg.; all Rio Challamarca with the Rio Camblayo, and only
Sp.white, red at first above; FI.rising from a tuft of on schistose rocks. Ritter, approaching the area
white wool, to 4 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , salmon-red; Tu. from the other side, found P. procera in the same
2 cm lg., reddish, with white wool, with brown Br. locality.
above; Pet. narrowly spatulate; Fil. light yellow,
very fine; style yellow; Sti. yellow.—Bolivia P.chrysacanthion(K. Sch.) Backbg. (3)
(Chuquisaca, Las Carreras-Chaupi Unu, 2300 m). Bo. broadly spherical at first, in age sometimes
Distinguished from P. tarabucina Card, by the more strongly elongated, light green; Ri. c. 24,
white Sp. tuberculate, spiralled; crown later very woolly; Ar.
white; Rsp. bristle-fine, numerous, pungent,
P. castanea Ritt.: Parodia camargensis v. castanea brittle; Csp.rather stouter, 8-10 mm lg., the inner­
Ritt. most one to 2 cm lg.; all Sp. golden-yellow; FI.
rather small, bellshaped-funnelform, yellow; S.
P. catamarcensisBackbg. (1) dark to blackish, small but not dust-fine.—N.
Bo. spherical to oblong; Ri.divided into Tub.; Ar. Argentina (Jujuy).
more strongly white-woolly at first; Rsp. c. 9, There are also forms with very light Sp.: v.
bristly, thin, white; Csp. 4, often fairly stout, dark leucocephala hort.
386
 PARODIA

P. cintiensis Ritt. Succulenta, 41: 9, 122. 1962 straight, 1-3 cm lg.; Csp. 2-4 at first, yellowish-
[2 ]3) brown, flexible, lower ones 2-5 cm lg., strongly
Bo. oblong, to 35 cm h., 10 cm 0 , woolly above; curving, hooked above, in age 4(—6), + straight,
Ri. 18-23, more tuberculate at first; Ar. white to subulate, lower ones 4-6 cm lg.; FI.to 3.5 cm lg.,
Drownish; Rsp. 12-20, thin-acicular, white to light yellow to coppery-yellow; Tu. to 1.1 cm lg., white-
Drown, 1.5-3 cm lg.; Csp. scarcely distinguishable woolly, sometimes with yellow or brown Br.; Ov.
as such, lowest one stoutest, + bent above on new with white wool and small yellowish or reddish Sc.;
growth, all later straight, light brown, 2-4 cm lg.; Pet. to 16 mm lg., 5 mm br.; Fr. cylindric, to 5 cm
with c. 3 fine, + projecting Ssp. above; FI.to 3.25 lg., pale green or yellow or carmine; S. black, 0.75
cm lg., blood-red with reddish-brown wool, white- mm lg., hilum white.—Bolivia (borders, S. Cinti
woolly below; Fr. blood-red, with dense white and S. Chicas, near Impora) (FR 729).
wool; S. black, 1 mm lg.—Bolivia (S. Cinti,
Impora) (FR 85a). P. comosa Ritt.—“Cactus” (Paris), 75: 21. 1962(3)
FI. more campanulate, as also in P. camargensis Bo. elongated, to c. 30 cm h., to 7 cm 0 , with a
likewise from S. Cinti) to which the above spec, is woolly crown; Ri.8-12, rounded; Rsp. 14-18, very
related. thin, 8-15 mm lg., white; Csp. 6-9, brown, thin,
straight, to 2 cm lg.; FI.to 2.5 cm lg., golden-yellow
P. columnaris Card. (3) below, ochreous-yellow in the upper part, 5-6 mm*
Bo.short-columnar to ± clavate, to 30 cm h., 7 cm 0 ; Tu. brown-woolly; Fr. to 3 cm lg., red, white-
C- matt green; Ri. 12-13, with slight transverse woolly; S. black, 0.6 mm lg.—Bolivia (borders, S.
depressions; Ar.white at first; Rsp.7-8, appressed, Yungas and Loayza, gorge of the Rio de la Paz).
pungent, acicular, grey, to 1.8 cm lg.; Csp. 1, grey, (FR 111.)
so 2 cm lg., bent somewhat downwards; all Sp.stiff,
bristly; FI. to 2 cm lg., 3 cm 0 , bellshaped, light P. compressa Ritt.—“Cactus” (Paris), 73-74: 9.
yellow, white-woolly below, with brown wool and 1962(2-3)
brown Br. above; Fr.dry, 4 mm lg., white-hairy; S. Bo. elongated, to 15 cm b., to 6 cm 0 , offsetting
glossy, black, small.—Bolivia (Cochabamba, An- freely, dark green; Ri. 14-22, at first ± tuberculate
gosto de Perez). and then rather obtuse and narrow, with horizontal
depressions; Ar.white; Rsp.6-9, 4-12 mm lg., stiff,
P.comarapana Card. (3) stout; Csp. 1-4, to 8 mm lg., fairly robust; all Sp.
Bo.spherical, quite low in the soil, to 5 cm h., 8 cm greyish or violet-red, straight or slightly curving;
0 ; Ri. 18-20, tuberculate; Ar. whitish; Rsp. F]. to 3 cm lg., 2 cm 0 , pale crimson to white; Tu.
18-23; Csp. scarcely differentiated but 3-4- more white-woolly, with pale yellow Br.; Ov. white-
distinctly so, individuals longer; Sp. 0.3-2 cm lg., woolly; Fr. crimson, woolly; S. glossy, black, 0.5
-il thin, yellow, brownish-tipped; FI. 2.5 cm lg., 0.5 mm lg.—Bolivia (Prov. Oropeza, Rio Chico) (FR
cm 0 , orange-yellow, with white H., with brown 385).
Br. below; Fr. spherical, 8 mm 0 , dry, greenish- The above floral data are those of the first
white, pink below; S. blackish-brown, 1 mm lg.— description in French. In Kakt. u. a. Sukk., 6: 111.
Bolivia (N. Comarapa). 1964, Ritter states: “outer Pet. carmine outside, ±
v. paucicostata Ritt.—“Taxon”, XIII: 3 117 paler inside; inner Pet. concolorous pure light
1964. carmine” (FR 385); “P. ocampoi, which is related
Bo. rather more slender, 3-6 cm 0 , freely to it, is separated from it principally by the Fl.-
offsetting; Ri. fewer, 12—16; FI. orange to colour, pale to ochreous-yellow (never red) (FR
ochreous-yellow, more obtuse above; Tu. yel­ 738)”. No explanation was given as to why the first
lowish inside, pale carmine outside; Fil. description gave the Fl.-colour as “pale crimson to
greenish-yellow; Ov. with red Sc.—Bolivia white”. The Fr., first given as “crimson”, then
(Mataral) (FR 743a). became “carmine”. These changes should be
explained so that it is clear which spec. Ritter had in
P. comata Ritt., not described: “Sp. tufted, weak; mind when giving the above floral data or whether
FI. blood-red to carmine” (FR 932). the original description was erroneous. The other
data are generally in harmony.
P. commutans Ritt.—Succulenta, 43: 2, 22. 1964
UH2-3) P. cruci-albicentra (Fric) hort.: ParodianivosaFric
Bo. spherical, later elongated, to 16 cm 0 , 30 cm ex Backbg.
lg., crown with white wool; Ri. 13(—14), straight,
scarcely notched; Ar.white, to 1.2 cm apart; Rsp.c.
12 at first, thin, appressed, white, 5-10 mm lg., later * O ne dim ension fo r the FI. m ust be considered suspect
brownish or golden-yellow (Csp. similarly), 14—16, (T ranslator).

387
PARODIA

P. cruci-nigricentra (Fric) Sub. and v. sibalii Sub. above; An. pale yellow; style creamy-white to
are forms of Parodia faustiana Backbg., with dark reddish; Sti. 10, 7 mm lg., creamy-white; Fr. c. 6
or black Sp., the Csp. fairly long and stout, black. mm 0 , golden-yellow; S. very fine, round,
Parodia culpinensis Ritt., not described, (1): brown.—N. Argentina (N. of Tucuman and Salta,
belongs, together with P. camargensis v. camb- sometimes in rock-crevices in red earth, at c. 1000
layana Ritt. and P. fulvispina Ritt., to the complex m). Found by Fechser. Resembles P. atroviridis.
of P. maassii in which both straight and strongly
hooked Sp. occur, just as P. camargensis v. P. echinusRitt.—“Taxon”, XIII: 3,117.1964 (2-3)
camblayana can have strongly hooked Csp. and Bo. diverges from P. comosa by the initially
probably also variations of colour, even if Ritter’s hemispherical habit and lesser height, eventually to
description makes no mention of hooked Sp. In 25 cm, greyish-green; Ri. only 11-16; Ar. 1-3 mm
view of the wide range of variability in P. maassii apart ; Sp. 12-15, 7-20 mm lg., pale yellow or pale
and its vast distribution, all these plants could quite brownish-yellow, never white, lowest ones short­
well be reduced to synonymy, as varieties of the est; Csp. 4, cruciform, yellowish or chestnut-
last-named spec. (Colour photo in “Die Cact.”, brown, straight or slightly curving, stiffly acicular,
Vol. VI: Fig. 3407). interspersed with 1-4 rather thinner Sp. ; FI.to 2.5
P. culpinensis has only warty protuberances, Rsp. cm lg., yellowish in the bud-stage, later ochreous-
c. 10, Csp. 3, 2 of these erect, 1 porrect, fairly long, orange; Tu. with brown or black Sp. above; Ov.
hooked, all dark reddish-brown (FR 730). (Fig. pale yellow or greenish; Fr.to 6 mm lg., pink ; S.0.8
502.) mm lg., purse-shaped.—Bolivia (borders, Prov.
Murillo and Loayza, Dept. La Paz, La Paz gorge)
P. dextrohamata Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: (FR 747). (Fig. 301.)
10. 1963(1)
Bo. simple, to c. 5 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 , dark greyish- P. elegansFechs. n.nud.
green, crown weakly felty; Ri. spiralled, small- Bo. spherical, caespitose; Ri. tuberculate; Sp.
tuberculate; Ar. 5 mm apart, soon becoming white, reddish-brown at first above midway,
glabrous; Rsp. c. 10, rather rough, c. 3^1 mm lg., sometimes a single longer Csp.,straight to clawlike
mostly radiating sideways, also 1 directed upwards and hooked above; FI. yellow, larger than in P.
and 1 downwards, white; Csp. mostly 1, directed erythrantha (Speg.) Backbg.—N. Argentina (no
downwards, pale red, hooked towards the right, to locality stated). Collected by Fechser. (Fig. 302.)
6 mm lg.; FI.c. 2.5 cm lg., 2 cm 0 ; Sep.yellow, with
a dorsal red line; Pet.yellow, spatulate, c. 3.5 mm P.erythrantha(Speg.) Backbg. (1)
br.;Fil.,style and Sti.whitish;Tu. white-woolly, Bo. fairly small-spherical; Ri. tuberculate, spiral­
with a few pale Br.—N. Argentina (no precise led ; Ar.white-woolly at first ; Rsp.c. 20, bristly fine,
locality given; found by Fechser). (Fig. 299.) white, shorter, interlacing; Csp. 4, white below,
v. stenopetalaBackbg.—1. c.: Rsp. 7-10, 2 upper reddish above, thin, one of these hooked; FI. ±
ones almost central, to 4.5 mm lg.; Csp. 1, brick-red, to 3 cm 0 ; Fil. red.—N. Argentina
reddish-brown, to 6 mm lg,; FI.1.5 cm lg., 3.5 cm(Salta).
0 ; Pet. and Sep. golden-yellow, narrow, point­ v. thionantha(Speg.) Backbg. n. comb. (Echino-
ed, c. 2.5 mm br.; Tu. 9 mm lg., with white H. cactus microspermus v. thionanthus Speg., Cact.
and several blackish Br. (Fig. 300). Csp. here Plat. Tent. 498, 1905): Bo. eventually somewhat
likewise hooked to the right, but the Pet. are elongated, to c. 4 cm 0 ; Rsp.c. 15, white, bristle-
considerably narrower than in the type. fine, interlacing; Csp. (2—)4, rather thin, to 1 cm
lg., thickened below, whitish below, or pale red
P. dichroacantha Brandt & Wesk. (Syn. P. kili- to higher up, or uniformly reddish, one Sp
anana Backbg.) strongly hooked ; FI.3 cm lg. and 0 , mid-yellow :
Bo. hemispherical, later elongated, dark green; Tu. white-woolly, with dark Br. ; Fil. yellow.
crown slightly depressed, with white wool; Ri. 13, (Fig. 303.)
spiralled, tuberculate; Ar. white-felty, tinged
slightly reddish, soon becoming glabrous, c. 8 mm P. escayachensis(Vpl.) Backbg. n. comb. (Echino-
apart; Rsp. (9— )10, radiating, projecting, 7-10 mm cactus escayachensis Vpl., MfK. 26: 125. 1916(3)
lg., 4—5 upper ones brownish-red, rather stouter Bo. spherical, to 12 cm 0 , with the crown
than the lower white Sp.; Csp. 1, porrect, hooked, brownish-yellow ; Ri. c. 15, flatly tuberculate ; Ar.
c. 13 mm lg., brownish-red; FI.apical, c. 60 mm 0 ; short-felty; Sp. c. 20, subulate, terete or ±
Pet. c. 30 mm lg., 4-5 mm br., spatulate, tapering flattened, thickened below, unequal, to 2 cm lg..
above, brilliant red with a faint violet M.-stripe centrals scarcely distinguishable as such, yellowish-
outside; Tu. with whitish-grey wool and a few brown to grey, in part ± curving, the longest one to
blackish Br.; Fil. golden-yellow below, carmine 4 cm lg. ; FI.2.5 cm lg., light flesh to dark salmon-
388
 PARODIA

colour.—S. Bolivia (Tarija, Iscayachi). [Haage yellow, c. 3-3.5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 . —N. Argentina (no
adds: The name, so as to correspond with the type- more precise locality known; found by Fechser).
iocality, should correctly be “iscayachensis”.] (Fig. 304.)
Ritter regards this spec. (Succulenta, 12:180. 1963)
as a synonym of P. maassii v. maassii, and names v. P. formosa Ritt.—Succulenta, 43:4, 57. 1964 (3)
shaferi as the plant which Britton and Rose took Bo. spherical, to 8 cm 0 , light green, crown
for their description. In my opinion, this is not glabrous; Ri. 13-26, ± completely divided into
ustified. Vaupel was familiar with both species, Tub. 3-6 mm h.; Ar. 2-8 mm apart, to 1.5 mm 0 ,
and illustrated (MfK, 25: 45. 1915) the plant white; Sp. acicular, straight; Rsp. 20-30, 3-8 mm
available to Heese for the original description; of lg.; Csp.6-12, 3-12 mm lg., reddish-brown; FI.to 4
this plant, Heese himself (1. c. 19; 128. 1909) stated: cm lg., sulphur-yellow; Tu.to 1.6 cm lg.,with white
The FI. has a certain resemblance to that of Echus. wool, with several thin Br. above; Ov. similarly;
microspermus” (and it is well-known that this can Pet.to 1.8cmlg., 3-6 mm br.; stylesulphur-yellow;
be ± orange-yellow). The first description, like the Sti. pale yellow; Fr. + spherical; S. 0.5 mm lg.,
illustration, was inadequate. The best one can do, light chestnut-brown.—Bolivia (Prov. O’Connor,
in the circumstances, is to rely on Vaupel’s Margarita) (FR 735).
illustration of the living material in Berlin. Since no
ivpe-plant is available for P. maassii it is out of the P.fricianaBrandt
question to take as its v. typica P. escayachensis Bo.simple, erect, matt light green, c. 15 cm h., 9 cm
Mth fairly straight Sp., which Vaupel described as 0 ; Ri. 15, slightly spiralled; Ar. on small Tub.,
having “light flesh to dark salmon-coloured FI.” densely woolly; Rsp. c. 16-20, stout, light brown,
in the quotation above, when referring to the horn-coloured below, c. 15 mm lg., erect; Csp. 8,
differently coloured FI. of Heese’s plant). Ritter scarcely differentiated, light brown, stout; FI.c. 5
described other closely related plants of this com­ cm 0 , carmine-pink; pericarpelochreous pink, c. 4
plex, according them specific rank. The above plant mm 0 , with dense white wool and carmine-pink
is the only one with flesh-coloured FI., so that I Sc. without Br.; Sep. red, suffused carmine; Pet.
continue to list it; Ritter makes no mention carmine-pink, c. 2 cm lg., 4 mm br., throat lighter;
anywhere else of a FI. with this colour, so it appears Fil. light pink; An. yellow; style yellowish with
doubtful whether he in fact saw the above spec. short yellowish Sti.; Fr.ochre-coloured, with white
wool; S. tuberculate, testa black, glossy.—
P. faustianaBackbg. (3) Argentina (Jujuy, S. of Tilcara, near Maimara).
Bo. simple, subspherical, to 6 cm 0 , pale grass- Discovered by Frau Muhr. (Fig. 503.)
green; Ri. spiralled, divided into moderately large
Tub.; Rsp. bristly fine, c. 20, hyaline, to 1cm lg., P. fulvispina Ritt.—“Cactus”, 17: 76, 54-55. 1962
interlacing; Csp. (3—)4, much stouter, to over 2.5 (1-2)
cm lg., straight, brown to darker, stiff; FI. scarlet Bo. to 30 cm lg., to 12 cm 0 , greyish-green, crown
outside, golden-yellow inside.—N. Argentina white-woolly; Ri. 18-21, rather obtuse, slightly
(Salta). tuberculate; Ar. 2-5 mm 0 , 0.5-1.2 cm apart; Sp.
v. tenuispinaBackbg.: Csp.fine; FI. red to blood- golden-yellow to brownish-red, mostly brownish-
red. yellow, not greying; Rsp. 9-12, 2-4 cm lg.; Csp. 4,
Plants with dark to blackish Csp. were named P. 2.5-4 cm lg., lower one longest, to 5 cm lg.; FI. c.
cruci-nigricentra (Fric) Sub., and v. sibalii Sub.; 3-3.7 cm lg.; Pet. carmine, bordered brownish-
but in view of the colour-range they are probably yellow ; Tu. with white H. and brown Br.; style
not even valid varieties, and are only forms. yellow;Fr. pink to blood-red, to 1cm0;S.O.6mm
lg., black, slightly glossy.—Bolivia (Prov. Mendez,
P. fulvispina Ritt.: not described (2); shows few Carrizal) (FR 727).
differences from P. camargensis v. camblayana; Belongs to the P. maassii complex, since the Csp.
with Csp. reddish-brown, + straight to curving are ± straight to ± hooked; could be regarded as a
above, sometimes + hooked; FI. ? variety of the latter.
v. brevihamata Ritt.—1. c.: Ri. 15-21, less
P. fechseri Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 11. prominent, more clearly tuberculate; Sp. shor­
1963(3) ter, weaker; Csp. equal, to 2.5 cm lg.; FI. pale
Bo. simple, oblong, to c. 8 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , vivid ochre, with a reddish M.-line; S.more glossy.—
green; crown white-woolly; Ri. c. 15, spiralled, Bolivia (Dept. Tarija, near Tojo) (FR 727a).
tuberculate; Rsp. c. 9-10, white, interlacing, to 8
mm lg., one directed upwards, all bristly, fine; Csp. P. fuscato-viridisBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill:
3-4. flexible, brown to pink, to 2 cm lg., porrect, 11.1963 ([l-]2-3)
straight or curving upwards, thinner or stouter; FI. Bo. simple, spherical, c. 4—5 cm 0 , brownish-

389
PARODIA

green; crown weakly felty; Ri. spiralled, c. 17, | Backbg. (Kakteen/Sukkulenten, 1968, p. 51.)
divided into small, + rhombic, white-spotted
Tub.; Ar. weakly woolly at first, soon glabrous; P. gracilisRitt.—Succulenta, 43: 2, 23. 1964 (1-2)
Rsp. 9—10( 11), c. 3.8 mm lg., white, or sometimes Differentiated from P. procera Ritt. as follows: Bo.
also pink or brownish at first, or tipped brownish spherical, later slightly elongated, 5-10 cm 0 ; Ri.
and yellowish below; Csp. mostly 1, directed 13-19, 5-8 mm h., later ± tuberculate; Sp.brown;
downwards, reddish or brownish, mostly bent or Rsp. 14—22; Csp. 4-10, sometimes hooked in
hooked above; FI. 3 cm lg., 3.5-6 cm br., rotate, juveniles.—Bolivia (Prov. Mendez, Alta España)
with red Sc., white H. and flexible black Br. c. 1 cm (FR 740).
lg.; Pet. 7 mm br., yellow; Tu. c. 1.8 cm lg.; Fil.
yellow.; stylewhite; Sti.10, white, papillose, 5 mm P.gummiferaBackbg. & Voll (3)
lg.; S. dark brown, minute, glossy, hilum large.— Bo.simple, spherical to slightly taller, to 10 cm h., 6
N. Argentina (grows in company with P. saint- cm 0 , greyish-green; Ri.c. 32, tuberculate at first,
pieana; found by Fechser). (Fig. 305.) later narrow, unbroken, tuberculate above; Ar.
small, with thick yellowish-grey wool at first; Rsp.2
P. gibbulosa Ritt., not described (2); this spec, also shorter laterals, 1 longer Sp. directed downwards,
is closely related to the P. maassii complex. The to 5 mm lg., sometimes also 2 minute Ssp. above:
plants I have seen were bluish-green; Ri. only Csp. 1, ± subulate, straight, light grey, later darker
tuberculately swollen around the Ar., c. 14; Rsp.c. grey, tipped brownish; FI. 2 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 ,
9, radiating, pale horn-coloured; Csp. (l-)4, dark sulphur-yellow; S. small, matt, black.—Brazil
at first, 3 directed upwards, 1 appreciably longer, (Minas Geraes, Serra da Ambrosia).
+ bent or only curving above and sometimes
straight, later horn-coloured; crown white-woolly; P.gutekunstianaBackbg. (2)
FI. rather large, yellow. (FR 736) (Fig. 306.) [Haage Bo. becoming oblong, to c. 15 cm lg., 5 cm 0 ; Ri.
adds: Described by Backeberg as resembling P. 22, tuberculate; Rsp. 18-20, to 7 mm lg., very thin,
maassii; however Fig. 306 shows the later P. appressed, reddish, later whitish; Csp. 4, reddish,
gibbulosoides. Ritter himself pointed out that P. to 15 mm lg., the lowest one only bent to semi-
gibbulosa—on the basis of the S.—was not even a hooked; FI. 3.5 cm lg., c. 3 cm 0 , yellow inside,
Parodia, since it lacked a strophiole.] more orange-reddish above, sometimes with a
reddish M.-stripe; Pet. laxly spreading; Tu. and
P. gibbulosoidesBrandt Ov. with white wool below, reddish-brown wool
Bo. broadly spherical, 10 cm 0 ; Ri. to 26, above, Br. scarcely discernible.—Argentina!?).
tuberculate; Bo. and crown enveloped in dense
white wool; Rsp. 9; Csp. 1,straight, 5 mm lg.; FI. P. haematantha Y. Ito: Parodia sanguiniflora Fric
small, 1 cm 0 , many appearing together; S. 0.2 ex Backbg.
mm 0 , with a distinct bi-partite strophiole.—
Bolivia, Dept, of Cochabamba, Prov. Campero, in P. hausteinianaRausch
the mountains N. of the Rio Grande. (Figs. 306 and Bo. simple, spherical to shortly cylindric, c. 50 mm
504.) 0 ; Ri.c. 13, slightly spiralled; Ar.round, 3 mm 0 ,
6 mm apart, white-felty; Rsp. 26-30, 8 mm lg..
P. gigantea Krainz: a name or a description for a radiating, appressed, thin, yellow, later white; Csp.
plant scarcely distinguishable from P. tilcarensis; 4, cruciform, stouter, yellow, the brown tip rolled
the latter was also the first known spec, which inwards and downwards, thickened below, the
eventually becomes quite large. Spination orig­ lowest of the Csp. longest, to 13 mm lg.; FI.c. 10
inally said to be honey-coloured, and the FI. coral- mm lg. and 0 ; Ov. and Tu. green, with dark green
pink; these two characters offer no significant Sc. and brown Br. 4 mm lg.; Pet.yellow, bordered
diagnostic difference (see P. tilcarensis). dark yellow; throat and Fil. golden-yellow; style
and Sti.long-projecting, golden-yellow; Fr. oval.
P, glischrocarpa Ritt., undescribed: “Ri. pro­ 3-4 mm lg., olive-green; S. oblong-oval, dark
minent, Fr.-pulp sticky” (FR 923) (Fig. 307). brown, testa finely tuberculate.—Bolivia (near
Mizque, at 2200 m). Named for Dr. E. Haustein of
P. gokrauseana W. Heinr. Erlangen.
Described in 1967 from old cultivated plants in the
collection of the late Hans Neumann of Brieselang; P. heteracantha Ritt., not described: “In the P.
named for Gottfried Krause. Shortly afterwards, microsperma group; Rsp. small, fine, white; Csp.
several Parodia-experts established that this plant long, reddish-brown, mostly straight” (FR 926).
was in fact the long-familiar P. tilcarensis (Werd. &
Backbg.) Backbg. v. gigantea (Fric ex Krainz) I P. ignorataBrandt (syn. P. sotomayorensis Ritt.)

390
 PARODIA

Bo. simple, light green, c. 10 cm h., 7 cm 0 ; Ri. Rio San Juan). Named for the cactus-nurseryman,
' -piralled, c. 1 cm h., 2 cm br.; Ar. 5 mm lg., oval, 1 Gerhard Kohres. (Fig. 507.)
cm apart, very woolly; crown woolly; Rsp. 10-12,
,-ght brown, 1.3-2 cm lg.; Csp. 4, upper 3 directed P.krasuckana Brandt
-pwards, to 2 cm lg., the other stoutest, projecting, Bo. simple, flattened-spherical, occasionally caes-
! 3Joked, all light brown, as the Rsp.; FI.appearing pitose, c. 8 cm h., 10 cm 0 , fresh green; Ri. c. 15,
| :om the dense apical wool, pale yellow, c. 3 cm 0 ; spiralled, c. 1cmh., 1.5cmbr.; Ar.oval, 5mmlg., 1
t-ericarpel c. 6 mm 0 , whitish-yellow, with white cm apart, set on protuberances in the Ri., covered
H Rec. sparsely white-woolly, the brownish Sc. with white thread-like wool; Rsp. 8-12, white with
•:thout Br.;Tu. c. 1.5 cm lg.; Sep. 2 cm lg., pale a brownish tip at first, later light brown, upper ones
■ yellow; Pet. similarly, 3 mm br.; Fil. and An. stout, 1-2 cm lg.; Csp.4, all light brown, 1-2 cm lg.,
! .ream; stylelight greenish to cream, c. 2.2 cm lg.; stout, bottom one 2 cm lg., with a claw-like tip; FI.
>ti. 3 mm lg.; Fr.light green, white-woolly, c. 6 mm apical, an intense brilliant blood-red, opening only
\-0S. with black, + glossy testa.—Bolivia to funnelform, c. 3 cm 0 ,4 cm lg.; pericarpei 4 mm
riparian region of the Rio Pilcomayo, in the O, green, with scattered white H. below, with small
I mountains around Sotomayor). (Fig. 505.) FI. Sc. 4 mm br.; Rec. 1 cm lg., light blood-red, with
rsembles that of P. ocampoi, from which this spec. few red Sc. and H. only 2 mm lg., Br. lacking; Sep.
I s distinguished by the claw-like lowest Csp. narrow, 2 mm br., 1.5 mm lg., brilliant blood-red;
Pet. similarly brilliant blood-red, 2 cm lg., 3 mm
P. jujuyanaFric ex Subik (1) br.; Fil. red, lower ones sometimes yellowish; Fr.
Bo. oblong, to 12 cm h., 5 cm 0 ; Ri. 18, oblique, olive, hard-walled, 4 mm 0 , white-woolly.—
aberculate; Rsp. 16, grey, pale brown at the tip; Bolivia (Dept. Chuquisaca, between Tarabuco and
Csp. 4, brown at first, then grey, all hooked; FI.2 Zudanez, collected by W. Rausch). (Fig. 508.)
cm0 , red; Fil.purple; Sti.yellow.—N. Argentina. Named for the grower, W. Krasucka, these plants
formed part of a consignment of imported plants
P. kilianana Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 11. said to be Parodia suprema Ritt.!
1963(1-3)
Bo. simple, spherical, green, to 9 cm h., 7 cm 0 ; P. lauiBrandt 1973
crown white-felty; Ri. c. 21, spiralled, divided into Bo. simple, flat, green, 7 cm h., 9 cm 0 ; Ri. 13,
: cite small Tub.; Ar. c. 5 mm apart, woolly, soon spiralled, acute and prominent, robust, 1.5 cm h., 2
i-ibrous; Sp. very variable, longer or shorter, cm apart; Ar. set on Tub., 6 mm 0 , with dense
r.inner or stouter, + straight or + hooked; Rsp. white wool c. 3 mm lg.; crown sunken; Rsp. c. 20,
mostly 7, rather rough, arranged in the lower semi- white, tipped reddish-brown, to 1.5 cm lg., thin;
r.rcle of the Ar., slightly curving or straight, c. 2-6 Csp. 6, 4 lower ones cruciform, 3 of them hooked,
mm lg., white, yellowish below, reddish-tipped; the upper one straight, the 2 other Sp. straight,
Csp. 4, 3 curving upwards, to c. 1.2 cm lg., lower thinner, set in the upper part of the Ar., all 6 Csp.
:r.e later porrect or directed downwards, to c. 1.8 reddish-brown, c. 2-2.5 cm lg.; FI. 3.5-4 cm 0 ,
cm lg., straight, curving or hooked above, reddish salmon to red, glossy, with white wool and black
to brown, lighter below; FI. c. 2.5 cm lg. and 0 , Br. outside; Sep. salmon-red, with a carmine M.-
:range-red to brick-red; Fil. red.—N. Argentina stripe; Pet. salmon-reddish tipped carmine, pass­
•Quebrada del Toro; found by Rausch) (Fig. 308, ing over below into yellowish-reddish, glossy, c. 2
: .'6.) [Haage adds: Syn. P. dichroacantha Brandt cm lg., 3 mm br.; Fil.salmon-red; An. cream; style
5: Weskamp.] yellowish; Sti. yellow; Fr. brownish, with a hard
shell; S. oblong, 1 mm lg., testa matt black.—
P. koehresianaBrandt (1972) Bolivia (Campero, among the mountains on the
Bo. simple, erect, dark green, c. 12 cm h., 8 cm 0 ; road Mizque—Mine Asientos, high above the Rio
Ri. 13, straight, acute, c. 1 cm h., 1.5 cm br.; Ar.on Caine at 2700 m). (Fig. 509.)
small Tub., 8 mm 0 , densely white-woolly, not
becoming glabrous; crown densely woolly; Rsp. c. P. maassii (Heese) Berg. (1-3)
r. brilliant brown, 2.5-3 cm lg., straight, stout, set Bo.spherical to elongated, to 15 cm 0 , fresh green,
around the Ar.; Csp. 1, c. 3 cm lg., brilliant brown, crown white-woolly; Ri. 13-21, spiralled, ±
straight; FI. c. 3 cm 0 , yellowish or reddish- tuberculate above; Ar. white-woolly at first; Rsp.
arange; pericarpeic. 5 mm 0 , greenish-pink with 8—10(—15), 5-10 mm lg., even to 3 cm lg. in the
whitish and brownish wool;Tu.and Sc.yellowish- extreme forms, + honey-coloured at first, later
?mk; Sep. and Pet.ochre, with an orange-red M.- lighter; Csp. 4, much stouter, lowest one to over
srripe; style and Sti. yellowish, 3 mm lg.; Fr. 3(— 7) cm lg., projecting, twisted, ± bent to hooked,
jrownish, 4 mm 0 , hard-skinned; S.brown, testa light brown to paler, more thickened below than
glossy.—Bolivia (San Juan, in the mountains W. of the Rsp.; FI. coppery yellowish-red, moderately

391
PARODIA

large; Fr. dry; S. matt, black.—S. Bolivia to N. fact present on the upper part of the Tu. The buds
Argentina. have light brown H.
v. albescens Ritt.—Succulenta, 12: 179. 1963: v. atra Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 11.
Sp. pale brown, soon grey; Rsp. 10-14, 2-3 cm 1963: Bo. glossy, intense dark green; Ri. c. 13;
lg.; Csp.4, lowest one 4-6 cm lg., hooked at first, Ar. light dirty white, felt longer-persisting; Rsp.
later curving.—Bolivia (S. Cinti, between Puente c. 8-9, thin, to c. 5-6 mm lg.; Csp. 1, to c. 8 mm
San Pedro and Culpina) (FR 46d); lg., ± strongly curving and ± bent above or
v. atroviridis Backbg.: name given to a very dark arcuate; Sp.at first (greyish-)black, soon lighter,
green form with long and very curving Sp. The Csp. also somewhat reddish or greyish-black, or
type varies, and sometimes has very long Csp.; bleached horn-colour; FI. c. 2.2 cm lg., 2-3 cm
v. auricolor Ritt., not described: Tub. longer- 0 , orange-yellow, + bellshaped or funnelform,
persisting, less confluent below into Ri,, spiral­ encircled above with a ring of dark erect Br.; Pet.
led; all Sp. golden-brown at first, denser, finer, without a M.-line, tipped deep red; Sti. c. 12;
Csp. to 2 cm lg., sometimes hooked (in seedling- buds at first with dense reddish-brown H.—E.
plants). Juvenile plants soon becoming oblong; Bolivia. (Both type and variety originated with
an attractive variety; Cardenas; type-locality: Prov. Florida, Dept.
v. carminatiflora Ritt.—Succulenta, 42: 12, 179. Santa Cruz, Mairana. 1500 m). (Fig. 309, above.)
1963: Sp. yellowish to reddish-brown; Rsp.
15-18, 3-4 cm lg.; one lower Csp. 4-6 cm lg., P. malyana Rausch
hooked at first, curving later; FI. dark Bo. to 6 cm h., 5 cm 0 , leaf-green; Ri.20-26; Ar.
carmine.—N. Argentina (Salta, S. of Tres round, 2 mm 0 , 3 mm apart, with white to
Moros) (FR 46c); yellowish-brown felt; Rsp. 20-24, 5-6 mm lg.,
v. intermedia Ritt.—1. c.: Sp. brown, reddish- straight, appressed and interlacing laterally, hy­
brown or greyish-black; Rsp. 11-16, 2-4 cm lg.; aline; Csp. 6-8, 8-9 mm lg., straight, projecting,
lowest Csp. little bent; FI. blood-red.—Bolivia white, yellow below and tipped brownish-red,
(Mendez, Cieneguillas) (FR 46e); brittle; FI. 35^10 mm lg. and 0 ; Ov. and Tu.
v. rectispinaBackbg.-C. & S. J. (US) XXIII: 3, yellowish, greenish or pink; Sc. tipped reddish,
84. 1951: all Sp.straight; FI.more red.—Bolivia with white H. and brown Br.; Sep. lanceolate,
(collected by Ritter near Betanzos, Prov. Saav­ yellowish, red inside; throatand Fil.orange to red:
edra, and by myself E. of Tupiza) (FR 46 g); styleand Sti.yellowish-white; Fr.3 mm lg., ovoid;
v. shaferi Ritt.—Succulenta, 42: 12, 179. 1963: S. brown, smooth, glossy.—Argentina (Cata-
Ri. 10-15; Rsp. 8-12, 2-3 cm lg.; lowest Csp.4-7 marca, near Ancasti, at 1000 m). Named for the
cm lg.—N. Argentina (Jujuy, La Quiaca) (FR Austrian nurseryman, G. L. Maly,
46). More likely to be P. maassii v. maassii. f. citriflora: FI. lemon-yellow.
See also under Parodia escayachensis.
P. matthesianaHeinr.
Bo. deep blackish-bronze with the Csp. and buds
P.mairanana Card. (1) overtopping the crown in a tuft, 39 mm h., 43 mm
Bo. broadly spherical, to over 5 cm 0 , olive to 0 , ± spherical; Ri. 21, spiralled, c. 5 mm h.,
greyish-green; soon offsetting, sometimes from high divided into rounded Tub.; Isp. 13:21; Ar. to 3 mm
on the flanks; Ri. 13-14, scarcely tuberculate, O,hemispherical, white-woolly, 8 mm apart;Rsp.
Ar. light brownish-white; Rsp. 9-14, + appressed, stiff, bristly, c. 8 mm lg., whitish; Csp. 1 hooked,
3-12 mm lg.; Csp. 1 (later sometimes to 3), + directed downwards, to 24 mm lg., also 3-4 shorter
curving either above or throughout, to ± hooked, ones, thin-acicular, dark reddish-brown; FI.
to 2 cm lg.; all Sp.light brownish at first, Rsp. soon around the crown, c. 53 mm lg., 45 mm 0 , brilliant
whitish, Csp. horn-coloured, rather stouter; FI.to yellow, reddish when fading, appearing semi­
3.5 cm 0 , 1-2 cm lg., orange to golden-yellow, double; Tu. with narrow, acute, brown Sc.; Fil.
white-hairy; Pet. sometimes with a finer reddish light yellow; style yellow; Sti. 9, 6-7 mm lg.,
M.-line, ± red-tipped; Ov. with salmon-coloured orange-yellow at midway; Fr.a reddish berry with
H.;Tu. sometimes reddish; Fr.brownish-red, with wool and Br.—Origin not known. Named for the
white H.; S. 1 mm lg., dark brown. Plant tends to cactophile, Richard Matthes.
offset quite freely. Very floriferous and rather
variable spec., i.e. there are transitional forms to P. maxima Ritt.—Succulenta, 43: 2, 23. 1964 (2)
the darker green, dark-spined variety (often with Distinguished from P. commutans as follows: Bo.
darker FI.-colour); this has to be segregated in to 23 cm 0 ; Ri. 13-20, straight or + spiralled; Ar.
order to define the variability of the type. Car­ 1-7 mm apart; Csp. strongly bent in young plants,
denas, in his diagnosis of the type, gives no data but not so hooked; Sp. on older plants pale brown
regarding floral Br., but individual dark Br. are in to whitish, Rsp. 18-28, 1.5-5 cm lg., Csp. rather

392
 PARODIA

;nrving, lower ones 5-11(—14) cm lg.; FI. 3.2-4 cm P. multicostata Ritt., not described (“c. 20 crowded
'.g . Ov. with white Sc.; Tu. without Br., to 1.5 cm Ri.”) (FR 733).
£ : Fr. carmine.—Bolivia (Prov. Mendez, Dept.
Tarija, Cieneguillas) (FR 87). Pet.-size not given P.mutabilisBackbg. ( 1)
■ ere since they fall within those of P. commutans. Bo. spherical, to 8 cm h. and 0 , or more; Ri.
divided into spiralled Tub. ; Rsp. bristly, fine, c. 50,
P. microsperma(Web.) Speg. (1) (T.) white; Csp. 4, stout, to 1.2 cm lg., one of these
Bo. spherical, little offsetting, later to 20 cm h., to hooked, reddish to orange-brown; FI. light to
7) cm 0 ; Ri. tuberculate, c. 15-20; Rsp. 11-25, golden-yellow, large, to over 3 cm 0 , throatwhite
-.hin. white, to 6 mm lg.; Csp. 3-4, red to brown, or reddish; S. very fine, brown.—N. Argentina
router to almost subulate, to c. 1cm lg.; FI.yellow, (Salta).
: j 4 cm 0 ; S. 0.5 mm lg.—N. Argentina v. carneospina Backbg. : Tub. larger; crown with
Tucuman). much white wool ; Rsp. bristly, to over 50 ; Csp.
v. brunispina hort.: at most a form; light brown to flesh-coloured, tips darker;
v. cafayatensis Backbg. n.v.: Ri. with the Tub. v. elegans Backbg.: Tub. more slender; Csp.
more coherent; Sp. darker at first, the 3 upper finer;
Csp. fine, sometimes rudimentary, Rsp. slightly v. ferrugineaBackg. : Csp. rust-brown.
reddish-brownish above, c. 8-12; Sep.yellow, at
most with a reddish M.-stripe: Pet. mid-vellow;
FI. 4 cm lg., 3 cm 0 ; throat and Fil. mid­ P. neglecta Brandt 1973
yellow.—N. Argentina (near Cafayate). (Fig. (Syn.: P. formosa v. prolifera)
310.) Distinguished above all by the more Bo. bluish-green, c. 7 cm h. and 0 , very freely
distinct Ri. and the mid-yellow colour of the FI. offsetting; Ri.c. 16, spiralled, c. 8 mm h., furrowed
The P. microsperma complex is a fairly large one, and tuberculate at the Ar.; Ar. 2 mm br., 4 mm lg.,
and the overall area quite extensive. Ritter oval, covered with white wool 2 mm lg.; Rsp. set
named different forms, but these have not been around the Ar., c. 20-35, directed more upwards,
described; fine, white, to 6 mm lg.; Csp. c. 8, to 10 mm lg.,
v. macrancistra (K. Sch.) Borg: Csp. hooked, whitish below, reddish-brownish above, acute,
much longer, to 5 cm lg. straight, sharp; FI. golden-yellow, c. 2 cm 0 ; Ov.
greenish-brown, covered with white wool; Rec.c. 1
P.microtheleBackbg. (3) cm lg., with carmine Sc.; Br.blackish-brown, 7 mm
Bo.spherical to elongated, green, to 6 cm h., 4.5 cm lg.; Sep. golden-yellow with a carmine M.-stripe
0 : very slender Tub.replace the Ri.; all Sp.bristly- and tip; Pet. golden-yellow, throat pink; Fil.
fine, short, only to 5 mm lg., yellowish to brownish- golden-yellow; An. yellow, 10 mm lg.; styleand Sti.
white at first, interspersed with white Br.-Sp., all golden-yellow; Fr. hard-walled, ochre-coloured,
later whitish; FI. glossy, reddish-orange.— with dense white wool; S. brownish-black, hilum
Argentina. Often seen in collections as P. micro­ light.—Bolivia, vicinity of the Rio Chulon, N. of
sperma. the Rio Mizque, at 1000 m). (Fig. 510.)
P. neglectoidesBrandt 1973
P. miguillensisCard.-C. & S. J.(US), XXXIII: 4, (Syn: P. comarapana v. paucicostata Ritt.)
109.1961 (3) Bo.spherical, erect, green, c. 8 cm h., 7 cm 0 , freely
Bo.simple, ± clavate, pale green, 6 cm lg., 4 cm 0 ; offsetting; Ri. 16, mostly straight and vertical,
Ri. 13, moderately acute; Ar. pale brown; Sp. sometimes spiralled, with considerable tuberculate
16-20, 2-10 mm lg., acicular, yellowish-white to thickening of the Ar., to 1 cm h.; Ar. subglabrous,
pale brown, Csp. not distinguishable as such, but c. 1 mm lg.; Rsp. c. 20, to 1 cm lg., upper ones
some Sp. rather stouter and longer, projecting, shorter, lower and lateral ones stouter and longer,
spreading; FI.18 mm lg., 7 mm 0 , bellshaped, pale whitish horn-coloured, sometimes brown-tipped;
yellow, white in the centre; Tu. with brown H. and Csp.6, to 1.8 cm lg., straight, acute; FI.bellshaped,
brown Br.; Ov. white-hairy; Fr. ?—Bolivia (S. buttercup-yellow, to 3 cm 0 ; Rec. pink, Sc.
Yungas, Miguilla—La Plazuela). carmine, Br. black, sinuate; styleand Sti.golden-
yellow; Sep. dark buttercup-yellow, sometimes
P. minima: not described, only mentioned by pink-tipped; Pet. darker golden-yellow, very
Ritter. Plants with this name are referrable to the P. acute; Fr.light brown, hard-walled, densely white-
formosa group. woolly; S. with a brownish-black, tuberculate,
glossy testa.—Bolivia (upper course of the Rio
P. minuta Ritt.: not described (“small spec.”) (FR Vallegrande, in the mountains around Mataral, at
737). 1000-1300m). (Fig. 511.)
393
PARODIA

P.nivosaFríe ex Backbg. (3) P. otuyensis Ritt.—“Cactus”, 17: 76, 52-53. 1962

Bo. spherical to oblong, to 15 cm h., 8 cm 0 ; Ri. (!)
divided into conical Tub., light green; Ar. densely Bo. simple, rarely offsetting, flattened-
white-woolly at first; Rsp. bristly, fine, numerous, hemispherical, to 11cm 0 , greyish-green;R.short,
snow-white; Csp. 4, stouter, straight, snow-white, fleshy; crown not very woolly; Ri.in young plants
one of these usually darker below; FI. to 5 cm 0 , divided into rounded Tub. c. 7 mm h., later less so,
flame-coloured.—N. Argentina (Salta). There is ± spiralled, 13-20, 7-10 mm h.; Ar. round, white;
said to be a yellow-flowered form.* Sp. brown to blackish, greying; Rsp. 7-9, equal at
v. cruci-albicentra (Fric) Buin.: a more greyish- first, to 1 cm lg., sometimes ± curving, upper one
white form. later to 2.5 cm lg.; Csp. 1, stouter, 1.5-2.5 cm lg.,
hooked; FI.to 2.7 cm lg., to 3 cm 0 , carmine, Pet.
P. obtusaRitt.—Succulenta, 43: 3, 44. 1964 (1) bordered violet or brownish-yellow; Tu. red inside
Bo. to 80 cm h., 8-17 cm 0 , crown white; Ri. and out, with brown wool, with a few blackish Br.:
13-21, 1-2 cm h., Tub. obtuse; Ar. to 1 cm lg., style yellowish; Fil. white, reddish above; Fr.
white, 1—1.5 cm apart; Sp. pale yellow or pale spherical, to 6 mm 0 , red below, green above; S.
brown, subulate; Rsp. 6-9, 2-6 cm lg.; Csp. 1-3, 1.25 mm lg., matt, black.—Bolivia (Prov. Saav­
4-7 cmlg., only 1 at first, claw-like; FI. to 3.7 cmlg., edra, Dept. Potosí, near Otuyo) (FR 913). (Fig.
sulphur to golden-yellow, Pet. to 5 mm br.; Tu. 309, below.) P. sotomayorensis Ritt. is said to be
without Br., with white wool; S. 0.7 mm lg., very close to the preceding, but has not yet been
greenish.—Bolivia (N. Chichas, Cotagaita) (FR published.
1125).
P. paraguayensisSpeg. (1)
P.ocampoiCard. (3) Bo.spherical, simple or offsetting, to 4.5 cm 0 , low
Bo. shortly cylindric, to 7 cm h., 6 cm 0 , dark in the soil, greyish-brown or earth-coloured; Ri.
green, caespitose, forming cushions to 40 cm br.; 8-12, tuberculate; Ar. at first only slightly woolly:
Ri.c. 17, acute; Ar.grey; Rsp. 8-9,1 cm lg.; Csp. 1, Rsp. 5, 5-10 mm lg., sometimes curving down­
to only 5 mm lg.; all Sp. at first reddish to light wards; Csp. 1, much stouter, to 2 cm lg., hooked;
brown, later horn-grey; FI. c. 3 cm lg., golden- Sp. ash-grey at first, scaly, later more honey-
yellow; Tu. with white and brown H.—Bolivia coloured; FI. to 2.5 cm lg., golden-yellow, with
(Cochabamba, Puente Arce) (FR 738). rust-coloured wool and Br.—Paraguay (Sierra de
v. compressa Ritt.: only a catalogue-name; see Amambay).
P. compressa Ritt.
P.penicillataFechs. & v. d. Steeg (3)
P. occultaRitt. Bo. to 12 cm 0 , later to 70 cm lg., fresh-green; Ri.
No detailed description available, the specific name 17, spiralled, tuberculate; Ar. distinctly woolly:
means “hidden”, and this plant is the smallest of Rsp. c. 40, thin, appressed; intermediate Sp. c. 8:
the P. maassii complex, possibly = P. challamar- Csp. scarcely differentiated, but c. 15-20 more
cana Brandt.—Bolivia. central Sp., very thin, some rather longer, 4—5 cm
lg.; Sp. yellow to yellowish-white or even hyaline:
P. omniaurea Ritt. 1962: “all golden-yellow FI. rather small, + bellshaped, red.—Argentina
Parodia”. Field to be a form of P. aureicentra (Salta, Cafayate). (Fig. 311.) Often grows in a
Backbg., and may be identical with P. rauschii. hanging position.*
Since P. omniaurea Ritt. is only described as a v. fulviceps Backbg.: Bo. subspherical, to 8 cm
variety while P. rauschii has been given specific 0 , dark green; Ri.c. 20, strongly spiralled; Tub.
rank, the latter name has priority. rather coarser, ± round; Ar. 3-4 mm lg., light
brownish; Sp. in number as the type, but 5 of
P. otavianaCard.—“Cactus”, 18 :95. 1963 (3) them more central, light to reddish-brown; FI.as
Bo.to 12 cm 0 ; Ri. 13; Ar. elliptic, grey, 8 mmlg., in the type, 5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , orange-red to
creamy above; Sp. 9-15, to 1.5— 3.5 cm lg., white, flame-coloured;
thickened below; Csp. not always present, some­ v. nivosa Fechser: Bo. over 20 cm lg., 8 cm 0 .
times 1-3; FI. arising from tufts of white wool, mostly oblong, tapering carrot-like at the base,
few, orange-yellow, 3 cm lg., 2 cm 0 ; Tu. often growing pendant, bluish-green; Ri.spiral­
yellowish-red, with white and brown H.; Fil. and led, with Tub. + in Isp. 15:25; Tub.to 9 mm br..
stylelight yellow; Sti. 8, whitish-yellow.—Bolivia
(Potosí, Pampa de Otavi, 3400 m). * The very distinctive feature of the plants I have seen is
that the Sp. in the crown (radials and intermediates) are
* Buds on my plant are bright yellow—but the flowers already almost their full length and project in a tight
open to bright red. Translator. cluster, like a tufted brush. Translator.

394
 PARODIA

to 6 mm lg.; Ar. rounded, c. 3^1 mm lg., pale mm lg,, 1.3 mm br. (13 mm, as in “Taxon”, is a
yellowish-brownish; Sp. stiff-bristly, to over 40, printer’s error), semi-matt, hilum white.—Bolivia
c. 10 centrals rather stouter, outer ones finer, all (Dept. Chuquisaca, Prov. S. Cinti, mouth of the
concolorous white except that the Csp. have a Rio Challamarca) (FR 742).
thickened, pale yellowish-brown base, to over 4
cm lg., outer ones shorter, mostly at least 2 cm P. prolifera Ritt., not described (“stout, caespitose
lh., all thickened and fur-like and often brown plants, forming cushions; Sp. robust, light”) (FR
below; FI. orange-red to flame, 3-4 cm lg., to 4 723). (Fig. 312 above.)
cm 0 ; S. 0.50-0.75 mm lg., dark brown, glossy,
one end of the light hilum being beak-like.—N. P.pseudoayopayanaCard. 1969
Argentina (Salta; no more precise locality Bo. flattened-spherical, greyish-green or dark
stated; collected by Fechser). green, 2-3 cm h., 4-5 cm 0 ; Ri.13, acute to slightly
¡The varieties of P. penicillata are not always true rounded, 5-8 mm h., 8-10 mm br., straight; Ar. 5-8
from seed; the validity of this variety is dubious. mm apart, round, 2-2.5 mm 0 , newer ones
prominent; Rsp. 8-9, radiating or appressed, 4-5
P.peruviana mm lg., greyish-white; Csp. 1, straight, 5-6 mm lg.,
Author not known; plants found in collections in brownish, directed upwards; all Sp.sharp, thin; FI.
:he CSSR. apical, few together or solitary, 2.5 cm lg., 1.5 cm
Bo.simple, spherical, c. 5 cm 0 , dark green, lighter O, light orange-yellow; Ov.and Tu.densely white-
at the apex which later becomes weakly white- woolly, Ov. 5 mm lg., light green below, purple
woolly ; Ri.spiralled, c. 20-22, with rounded Tub.; above; Sep. broad-spatulate, 8x2 mm; Pet.
At. weakly white-woolly, later glabrous; Rsp.9-10, spatulate, 12x3 mm; style 14 mm lg., brilliant
white; Csp.3, 2 of these straight, directed upwards, orange, with 9 yellow Sti.;Fr. cylindric, 1.2-2 cm
1 hooked and pointing downwards, brown; FI. 3 lg., pink with tufts of white H. Like P. ayopayana it
cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , intense orange-yellow; Sep. with grows along the river-bank, but it is smaller, has
a M.-stripe widening above the tip bordered red; notched Ri., spination in part shorter, thinner, and
Pet. concolorous; Tu. white-woolly, with 2-3 only 1 instead of 4 Csp. Fr. similar. Intermediates
brown Sp. above, these 4 mm lg.; Sti.,styleand Fil. have been found.—Bolivia (Prov. Ayopaya, Dept.
yellow.—Origin not known but Peru seems im­ Cochabamba, near Cotacajes, at 1500m).
probable.
P.pseudoproceraBrandt
P.pluricentralisBackbg. & Brandt (1) Bo.deep green, clavate, scarcely over 10 cm h., 7 cm
Bo. bluish-green, suffused brownish, c. 12 cm h., 0 ; Ri. 13, to 1 cm h., 1.5 cm apart; Ar. white-
4-5 cm 0 ; Ri. 13(—18), consisting of R. of stout woolly, oval, c. 5 mm 0 , set on small Tub.; Rsp.c.
Tub.; Ar. c. 7 mm apart, very woolly, later 9-10, slightly sinuate, stout, white, to 1cm lg.; Csp.
jglabrous; Rsp. 9-11, directed sideways and down­ 4, light brown to brown, the bottom one with a
wards, white, dark-tipped, c. 8 mm lg.; Csp. 4-6, slightly incurving tip, the 3 others directed laterally
stout, brownish-red, 3directed upwards, c. 1cm lg., and upwards, all 4 later more upwards and straight,
1stouter, downwardly directed, 1.5 cm lg., hooked; I. 5cm lg.; FI.bellshaped, 2.5 cm 0 , often several
FI. golden or light yellow, reddish-brown outside, together, central, enveloped in white and brown
c. 5 cm 0 ; Sc.reddish-brown; Br.black; styleand wool; Pet. tipped golden-yellow, yellowish at
Sti.white; Fr.thin-skinned, brownish, c. 3mm 0 ; midway, white below; Sc. brownish; Br. dark
S. very small.—Argentina (Salta, near Amblayo, brown, 6 mm lg.; Fil., style and Sti. cream; Fr.
NT. of Cafayate). (Fig. 512.) brownish; S. round, black, matt. 0.5 mm 0 . —
Bolivia (Dept. Chuquisaca). Extremely free-
P. procera R itt.-“Taxon”, XIII: 3, 117. 1964 flowering, even when plants are only 4 cm 0 . (Fig.
(1- 2) 513.)
Bo. diverging from P. camargensis by the lesser
diameter, 3-5 cm 0 , and the greater length of old P.pseudostuemeriBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. I ll:
plants, 30(-50) cm; crown white-woolly; Ri. II. 1963 (2-3)
110—)13, 7—12 mm h.; Ar. 2.5-5 mm apart; Rsp. c. Bo. simple, bluish-green, hemispherical at first,
—9, 7-15 mm lg., hair-like, white, sometimes later to 25cm h., c. 12cm 0 ; crownwith dirty white
brown-tipped; Csp. 4, cruciform, 1.5-2 cm lg., felt; Ri.c. 21,continuous, constricted between the
chestnut-brown or lighter, the lowest one some­ Ar.; Ar.c. 1 cm apart, felty at first, soon glabrous;
times hooked; FI. to 3 cm lg., lemon-yellow; Pet. Rsp. 25-35, somewhat interlacing, greyish-white,
ochreous-yellow at the tip; Tu. pale green, with to 8 mm lg., bristly-fine, flexible, straight or
white FI. below, with brown H. and brown Br. curving, sometimes + projecting; Csp. 4, cruci­
above; Fr.to 8 mm 0 , with long white wool; S. 0.5 form, quite characteristic because of the initially

395
PARODIA

violet-grey colour, later darker, with a dark 16-20, very tuberculate, coherent below; Rsp. 7-9,
thickened base, c. 11 mm lg., acicular,also 3(-4) directed sideways and downwards, thin-subulate,
Ssp. in the upper part of the Ar., erect, greyish- to c. 5 mm lg.; Csp. 3-4, pale pink to reddish-
white, dark-tipped, blackish below; FI. 2.5 cm lg., brownish at first, stoutly subulate, rather rough.
2.5 cm 0 , red.—N. Argentina (Molle Punco; 2-3 erect, straight, 1 directed strongly downwards,
found by Frau Muhr.) (Fig. 312, below.) to 8 mm lg., not completely hooked; FI.c. 2 cm lg.
and 0 , mid-yellow, with white H., with blackish
P.punaeCard. 1967 Br.—N. Argentina (Tolombon). (No. Ue 1000 in
Bo. spherical, 7-8 cm h., 6-7 cm 0 , greyish-green; Uebelmann’s collection). (Fig. 314, left.)
Ri.c. 15, acute, slightly spiralled, 8 mm h., 10 mm
br. below; Ar. 5-8 mm apart, round or elliptic, 2 P.rigidispinaKrainz (3)
mm 0 , white-felty; Rsp. 8-10, spreading to Bo. eventually ± oblong-spherical, c. 5 cm 0 ,
appressed, 5-7 mm lg.; Csp. 1, 8-11 mm lg., matt, greyish-green; crown with white wool; Ri.
whitish, tipped pink, hooked; all Sp. thickened 20-21,tuberculate;Rsp. 10-11,5mmlg.,thin,hya­
below; FI.from the apical wool, numerous, c. 2 cm line, firm, bristly; Csp.4, cruciform, flesh-coloured,
lg., 2 cm 0 ; Ov. elliptic, 6-7 mm lg., 4 mm br., dark-tipped, with a grey sheen, 4-7 mm lg., lowest
woolly, scaly; Tu.short; budswhite-hairy, reddish- one often only 4 mm lg., stiff, thin-acicular; FI.3.7
brown above; Pet. lanceolate, 9x2 mm, dark cm lg., glossy, light yellow, smelling of iodine; Fr.
orange; stylelight yellow; Sti.8, light orange; Fr. small, spherical; S. minute, glossy, brown.—N.
spherical, 3-3.5 mm 0 ; S.. round, matt black, Argentina.
minutely pitted.—Bolivia (Prov. Mizque, Dept. v. major Krainz, not described: Sp. stouter,
Cochabamba, mines of Asientos, at 2400 m) (Fig. brownish-red.
514.) Named for its discoverer, Dr. Oskar Puna.
P. rigidissima (Fric) Y. Ito: Parodia rigidispina
P. purpureo-aurea Ritt.—Succulenta, 43: 4, 57. Krainz; v. rubriflora (Fric) Y. Ito is based on an
1964. (3) undescribed name of Fric and cannot be identified.
Bo. ± greyish-green; R. + napiform; Ar.2-3 mm
lg., with white or brown wool; Rsp. 10-18, white; P. riojensis Ritt., not described (P. microsperma
Csp. 4-7, 4-25 mm lg.; FI. to 2.8 cm lg., golden- group: “Sp. weak, pinkish-white”) (FR 917).
yellow; Tu. to 1 cm lg.; Pet.to 1.5 cm lg., to 4 mm
br.; Sep. red-tipped; Fil. brownish-crimson.— P. ritteri Buin. (3)
Bolivia (E. part of Prov. O’Connor) (FR 1134). Bo. eventually columnar, to 50 cm h., 10 cm 0 ,
Ritter’s description shows the characters distin­ simple, grass-green; Ri. 15-21, tuberculate at first,
guishing the spec, from P. formosa. later less so, Tub. rather obtuse; Ar.white to brown­
ish; Rsp. 10-14, 1.5^4- cm lg., semi-erect; Csp. 1
at first, later to 4, equal to the Rsp. and little
P. rauschii Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 11. differentiated, later + slightly curving above; Sp.
1963 (1) pink at first, white below, then white with red dots:
Bo. simple, green, to 25 cm lg., 15 cm 0 ; crown FI.to 3.25 cm lg., blood to brownish-red, bordered
covered with white wool and Sp.; Ri. c. 13, yellowish; Ov. red, white-hairy; Fr. carmine,
continuous but constricted between the Ar., ± white-woolly; S. black.—Bolivia (Tanja, El
spiralled; Rsp. thin, c. 25, whitish or yellowish, Puente).
1-1.2 cm lg.; Csp. specially characterised by being v. cintiensis Ritt., n.nud.: later described as P.
6, stouter, 3 of these erect, straight, 2 laterals cintiensis;
projecting, to c. 2.2 cm lg., slightly curving, yellow v. hamata Ritt. (FR 85b): not yet described.
to golden-yellow, longest one directed downwards,
hooked, to (3— )10 cm lg., ± yellow; FI. orange-red IP.robustihamata Ritt.: ParodiarauschiiBackbg.
to red.—N. Argentina (Salta, Quebrada del Toro;
found by Rausch). (Fig. 313.) Distinguished from P.roseoalbaRitt.—Succulenta, 43: 2, 23. 1964 (3)
P, aureicentra by the larger or longer Bo., fewer Differentiated from P. ritteri Buin. as follows: Bo.
Rsp. and the bottom Csp. which is hooked and shorter, 10-15 cm 0 ; Ri. 13-19, 10-15 mm h.; Ar.
much longer. 5-10 mm apart; Sp. 3-7 cm lg., pink, brownish or
pale yellow;Rsp. 9-11; FI.yellow;Tu. 11-15 mm
lg., white below, densely white-woolly above, Br.
P.rígidaBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. I ll: 11. 1963 brownish-red to brown, or some dark brown; S.
(2) 1.5 mm lg., or 1 mm br.—Bolivia (Prov. N.
Bo. spherical to oblong, intense green, to c. 4.5 cm Chichas, Dept. Potosí, road from Cotagaita to
h., 4.5 cm 0 ; crown moderately woolly; Ri. c. Tupiza) (FR 728).
396
 PARODIA

P rostrum-spermaBrandt 1973 microsperma group, “Ri. tuberculate, with 1 to

Bo. simple, compressed, greyish-green, matt, 12 cm several fine hooked Sp.; FI. yellow with red Fil.”
i 8cm0;Ri. 16, c. lOmmh., 12 mmbr., straight; (FR 924). [Haage adds: = Parodia sanagasta
vr.c. 6 mmlg., 4mmbr., 10 mm apart, set on small Wgt.]
Tub.,densely white-woolly; Rsp.c. 11-13, whitish,
.rper ones longest, to 20 mm, brownish when P.rubricentraBackbg. (3)
ler: Csp.4, brownish, 3 directed upwards, 20-30 Bo.at first broadly spherical, later oblong; Ri.c. 16,
r a lg.. the fourth claw-like or + straight, 25-30 spiralled, tuberculate for half the height; Rsp.
mm lg.; FI. 30 mm 0 , orange, inner Pet. glossy bristly, numerous, white, longer; Csp. several,
: -inge with a reddish M.-stripe, c. 20 mm lg., 3 stiller but flexible, often slightly bent, pink-tipped,
br.;Fil.,An., styleand Sti.creamy-white;Fr. crowded in the crown, the centre thus appearing
xhreous, 4 mm 0 , white-woolly, hard-shelled red; FI. pale coppery-orange.—N. Argentina
-Jls; S. 1.2 mm lg., testa black, tuberculate, (Salta).
r.rophiole with a long, ± sword-like tip, a form
unique among Parodias.—Bolivia (Dept. Tarija, P. rubriflora Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 12.
Prov. Avilez, in the mountains near Tojo, at 2500 1963(1)
m: collected by Rausch). (Fig. 515.) Bo. broadly spherical, to c. 6.6 cm 0 , c. 3 cm h.,
leaf-green; Ri. c. 19, spiralled, with Tub. c. 5 mm
?.rubellihamata Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: br.; Ar. at first greyish-white, felty, later also
II. 1963(1) brownish in the centre or below; Rsp. to c. 20,
Bo. similar to P. sanagasta, but not woolly in the bristly, white, to 6 mm lg.; Csp. 4, cruciform, 1 of
—own; Ri.tuberculate only towards the apex, later these hooked, stoutly acicular, to 12 mm lg., dark
more coherent; Ar. c. 3 mm lg., white-woolly; Rsp. reddish-brown at first, then lighter, reddish above,
; 10, spreading, white at first, tipped ± reddish, to sometimes ± yellowish-reddish or lighter below,
: 1cm lg.; Csp. reddish, to 1.3 cm lg., 4 in all, 3 of also up to 3 further Sp. situated over the 4 true
:~.ese spreading upwards, 1 porrect, hooked, Csp., the lowest of these hooked, the upper Csp.
reddish; FI. intense red. —N. Argentina (San- directed towards the crown, rather stouter than the
igasta?; found by Fechser). (Fig. 314, right.) Rsp., white, tipped pale brownish; FI. flame-
Probably identical with the following: coloured with a slight golden shimmer, c. 1.5 cm lg.,
?.rubellihamata Ritt. (FR 919), undescribed; v. 3.3 cm 0 ; Fil. carmine; style whitish; Sti. c. 12,
rhlorocarpa Ritt. (FR 921) and v. paucicostata sometimes + cleft above, 3.5 mm lg., whitish.—N.
Ritt. (FR 920). Argentina. (Fig. 315.) The FI. are shorter and
v. aureifloraBackbg. n.v.: Bo. as in the type; Ri. narrower than in P. sanguiniflora which also lacks
c. 17, unbroken, weakly tuberculate; Rsp. 12-14, the extra Csp.
to 1 cm lg., white, projecting; Csp. (2— 3— )4,
1.2-1.6 cm lg., rather stouter but relatively thin, P. rubriflora Fric: Neueu. selt. Sukk., 8.1947: only
one of these hooked; Sp. all minutely rough; FI. a name.
c.2.7 cm lg., 3-3.5 cm 0 , golden-yellow; Tub.
reddish, with grey H., with black Br. above, Sc. P. rubrifuscata Ritt.? (2), not described. I saw
reddish; Fil. carmine; style and 10 Sti. cream- plants as follows:
coloured.—From a consignment of imports of Bo. spherical, dark green; crown white-woolly; Ri.
the type-species U.2010 (Uhlig); found by divided into large conical Tub.; Ar.soon glabrous;
Fechser. Rsp. 9-10, radiating, one rarely directed upwards,
white, sometimes slightly curving; Csp. 4, much
P. rubidaRitt.—Succulenta, 43: 3, 43. 1964 (2) longer, dark brown at first, soon light brown then
Bo. rather oblong-spherical, deep green, to 10-16 horn-coloured, sometimes rather darker-tipped, all
cm 0 , crown white; Ri.mostly 13, to 2 cm h., with projecting, thickened below, the middle one bent
more slender Tub.; Ar. white; Rsp.c. 12-16,2-5 cm more upwards and the lower one more downwards
lg., thin, whitish; Csp. 3-6, bottom one to 3-7 cm and sometimes bending up again, or doubly
-g., at first strongly bent above, later more curving, curving, the tip not bent, at most shortly curving;
brownish-black, then pale brownish-reddish, FI. ? (Fig. 316.)
finally whitish; FI. with carmine Pet., bordered
brownish-yellow, 2 4 mm br.; Tu. to 1.5 cm lg., P. rubrihamata Y. Ito: apparently only a name.
with light wool, often without Br.; Ov. and Fr.
white-woolly.—Bolivia (S. Cinti, La Torre) (FR P. rubrispina, and v. intermedia hort.: only names.
725).
P.saint-pieanaBackbg. (3)
P. rubistaminea Ritt. (1): undescribed; of the P. Bo. depressed-spherical, grafted plants more

397
PARODIA

oblong and freely offsetting, to 6 cm 0;Ri.divided cm 0 ; Fil. yellow; style and c. 12 Sti. cream.
into slender Tub., leaf-green; Sp. c. 17, centrals (Fig. 317.)
scarcely distinguishable as such, at first erectly Plants distributed by Fechser, Buenos Aires, as
clustering, then more radiating, one robuster and P. sanagasta, without cranial wool, and with
mostly porrect, all brownish, at first yellow below; deep red FI.: see under P. rubellihamata Backbg.
FI. 2.5 cm lg., yellow; Fr. subspherical.—N. n.sp. P. rubellihamata Ritt. may be identical with
Argentina (Jujuy). the latter. The following are at present only
names: P. sanagasta v. grandiflora Ritt.: “Spina-
P.salmonea Brandt 1973 tion variable; FI. much larger than in the type”
Bo. erect, compressed, green, to 14 cm h., 11 cm 0 ; (but, as with P. microsperma, possibly not really
Ri.20, c. 10 mm h., 15 mm apart, narrow, acute, + distinct); P. sanagasta v. minimiseminea Ritt.:
spiralled; Ar. on Tub. along the Ri., creamy-white, “Neat little plant with slender little Tub. (!)” :
with long wool; crown flat, densely woolly; Rsp. c. crown ± woolly, whereas in P. rubellihamata
7, light brown, 5-7 mm lg.; Csp. 4, c. 10 mm lg., 3 (Ritt.?) Backbg. it is depressed and not woolly.
upwardly spreading and resembling the Rsp., the I [Haage adds: v. tenuispina Ritt. (FR 929): no
fourth stoutest, claw-like, 15 mm lg.; all Sp. Idescription available.]
brownish; FI.c. 4 cm 0 , salmon-pink to light pink;
pericarpel c. 4 mm 0 , yellowish-green with white P. sanguinifloraFric ex Backbg. (1)
wool; Pet. 10 mm lg., reddish above; Sc. salmon- Bo. simple, depressed-spherical at first, later more
reddish, with white and brownish wool, lacking spherical, to over 5 cm 0 ; Ri.in spiralled Tub.; Ar.
Br.; Sep. salmon-red, yellowish-red below, 1.5 cm with whitish woolly felt at first; Rsp. c. 15, bristly,
lg., 2 mm br.; Fil.and An. yellowish; styleand StI. fine, white, c. 6-8 mm lg.; Csp. 4, cruciform,
cream; Fr. brownish; S.with a glossy black testa.— brownish, lowest one longest, hooked, to 2 cm lg.;
Bolivia (Chuquisaca, in the mountains between FI. blood-red, to 4 cm 0 , glossy; S. minute,
Tarabuco and Zudanez, at 2500 m; collected by W. brown.—N. Argentina (Salta). In Saint-Pie’s
Rausch). (Fig. 516.) collection I saw plants (said to be from Tarija,
v. carminata Brandt: Bo. more bluish-green, Sp. Bolivia) which accorded with the above as to
darker brown; FI. c. 3 cm 0 , blood-red to number of Sp., and FI., but with more golden-
carmine, with a carmine sheen.—Mountains brown Csp.; perhaps a variety. (Fig. 319.)
near Tarabuco at 3000 m. v. violacea (Fric) Borg: FI. violet-red, more
P. salmonea has dense cranial wool but the floral bluish-red than in the type. Perhaps only a form
Ar. are only weakly woolly; it resembles P. with intermediates ?
multicostata nom. nud.
P.schuetzianaJajo (1)
P.sanagasta(Fric) Wgt. (1-2) Bo. + broadly spherical, to 11 cm 0 ; Ri.spiralled,
Bo. spherical, to c. 5 cm 0 ; Ri. 15, spiralled, tuberculate; Ar. fairly strongly white-woolly
tuberculate; Ar. very woolly at first, glabrous after towards the crown; Rsp. c. 15, radiating, interlac­
2 years, to 4 mm 0 ; crown white-woolly; Rsp. 7-9 ing ; Csp.rather stouter, slightly or much longer, ±
(rarely 10-11), white or faintly pink, 4-8 mm lg.; bent or curving upwards, soon white or brown at
Csp. 4, 1 of these hooked, reddish (blood to ruby- first above, variable and also whitish-yellow or
red), to 1.5 cm lg., later, or only below, appearing brown; FI.c. 2 cm lg., red.—N. Argentina (Jujuy).
whitish or pale reddish, all Csp. fairly firm; FI.
yellow, resembling P. microsperma; styleand Sti. P.schwebsiana(Werd.) Backbg. (1)
light yellow; Fr. small; S. minute.—N. Argentina Bo. spherical, later + oblong, to c. 11 cm h., 7 cm
(Salta ?). The type easily becomes slightly more 0 , slightly glossy, green; crown with much white
reddish; the hooked Sp. are sometimes incom­ wool; Ri. 13-20,weakly tuberculate, spiralled; Ar.
pletely bent. The plants are clearly variable; some white-woolly at first; Rsp. c. 10, light horn-
remain green, even in the sun (corresponding to the coloured, then grey; Csp. 1, bent downwards,
above description as to characters, but Rsp. hooked at the tip, to 2 cm lg., pale brownish at first;
somewhat fewer), as mentioned in Succulenta, 69. FI. 2 cm 0 , wine to rust-red.—Bolivia (near
1954: Cochabamba).
v. viridior Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 12. v. applanataHoffm. & Backbg.: Bo.to c. 7 cm 0 ,
1963: Bo. spherical to oblong, remaining green; 2.3 cm h.; crown woolly; Ri. c. 17; Rsp. 6-8,
crown very woolly; Ar. large, white, felt longer sometimes only 5, 5-7 mm lg.; Csp. 1,curving
persisting; Rsp. 7-9; Csp. to 11 mm lg., as in the down towards the Bo., ± hooked at the tip, to c.
type, finer or rather stouter, paler or intense 13 mm lg.; Sp.: the 3 upper ones later rather
reddish-brownish; FI. rotate, light yellow, 4-5.5 stouter, can be regarded as Csp., the middle one
398
 PARODIA

± equal in thickness to the hooked Sp., both below; Csp. characteristically 4, sometimes with
thickened below, all Sp. reddish-brown at first, several Ssp., all erect, brownish, bristly at first, later
soon paling to horn-coloured; FI. c. 2.5 cm 0 , rather stouter, to 11 mm lg.; FI. not known.—N.
intense bluish-carmine; Tu. reddish-brown, with Argentina (Tumbaya; found by Frau Muhr). (Fig.
brown Br.; Ov. white-hairy.—Bolivia (road 318, below.) Spec, conspicuous for its light, bristle­
from Cochabamba to Comarapa). (Fig. 318, like spination and strongly woolly crown.
above.)
v.salmoneaBackbg.: FI.pale salmon-red. P. sotomayorensis Ritt.: not yet described (see P.
otuyensis).
P.scopaoidesBackbg. (1)
Bo. subspherical at first, later elongated, to c. 6 P.spegazzinianaBrandt
e™ 0 , to over 10 cm h., deep green; Ri. in Bo. simple, greyish-green, c. 9 cm h., 7 cm 0 ; Ri.
numerous spirals, divided into slender Tub.; Ar. 21, consisting of R. of Tub., spiralled; Ar. and
and crownwhite-woolly, Ar. soon less woolly; Rsp. crown with dense white wool, not becoming
numerous, bristly, fine, hyaline; Csp. several, 4 glabrous; Rsp.c. 10, to 1.5 cm lg., those at the apex
rather stouter, mid-red, lowest one hooked, to c. 15 falcate-erect, later appressed, white; Csp. 4, 3
mm lg.; FI.c. 3 cm 0 , orange-yellow, throat red.— uppermost ones curved up, sickle-shaped, c. 2.2 cm
N. Argentina (Salta). lg., the fourth stouter, projecting, 2.5 cm lg., with a
very claw-like tip, all Csp. light pinkish-brownish
Parodia scoparia (FR 915): only a name. below, violet-grey to blackish above midway, often
confused and spreading; FI. c. 5 cm 0 , dark
P.setíferaBackbg. (1) golden-bronze with a red M.-stripe, bordered and
Bo.broadly spherical to spherical, to c. 5 cm 0 ; Ri. tipped carmine; Fil.golden-yellow; An., styleand
c. 17, indistinctly tuberculate above; Ar. strongly Sti.cream; Fr.thinly membranous, brownish, c. 3
white-woolly at first; Rsp. bristly-fine, c. 20, to 8 mm 0 ; S. very small, glossy, light brown.—
mm lg., pure white; Csp. 3-4, flesh-coloured to Argentina (Prov. Jujuy). Named for Prof. Carlos
alack, one longer, pointing obliquely sideways or Spegazzini. Initially distributed under the name P.
downwards, all Sp. at first forming an erect tuft, gigantea v. jujuyana (Fig. 517).
ñesh-coloured to black, very flexible; FT. to 4 cm 0 ,
>ellow to light yellow.—N. Argentina (Salta), P. splendens Card.-C. & S. J. (US) XXXIII: 4.
v. longihamata Werd.: Bo.to c. 7 cm h., 8 cm 0 , 109. 1961 (2-3)
light green; Ri. 18-20; Rsp. to 10, white, tipped Bo. simple, c. 10 cm h., 11 cm 0 , ± pale bluish-
brown; Csp. 1, to 5 cm lg., light horn-coloured, green; Ri. c. 13, unbroken, spiralled; Ar. grey or
dark-tipped, hooked downwards; FI.yellow, 3.5 brown; Rsp. 12-14, thin-acicular, compressed, 2-4
cm lg.; Tu.with grey wool and brown Br. mm lg.; Csp. 1-3, subulate, 4-10 cm lg.; all Sp.
The following have not been completely validly white, brownish below, longest ones sinuate; FI.4
described: v. nigricentra Backbg., with ± dark cm lg., yellow, with white H.; Fr. ?—Bolivia (S.
hooked Sp.; v. orthorhachis Backbg.: Bo. with Cinti, Chuquisaca, road from Las Carreras to
narrow, straight Ri. Chaupi).
P. setispina Ritt.—Succulenta, 43: 4. 57-58. 1964 P. steinmannii hort.: not described; Bo, broadly
13) spherical; Ri. divided into stouter Tub.; crown
Bo. to 30 cm h.; Ar. 1-3 mm 0,6-10 mm apart; Sp. white-woolly; Rsp. c. 12-14; Csp. presumably
+ hair-like; Rsp. 9-15, white, tipped brown, 7-12 several but only 1 stouter, hooked; FI. ?—Origin ?
mm lg.; Csp. 1-6, 1-3 cm lg., brown or black,
whitish below; FI. sulphur-yellow; Tu. 1.3 cm lg.; P.stuemeri(Werd.) Backbg. (2)
Pet. to 2.2 cm lg., to 7 mm br.; Fil. golden- Bo. spherical, later oblong, rarely caespitose, matt,
yellow.—Bolivia (eastern Prov. O’Connor) (FR light green, to c. 20 cm h., c. 15 cm 0 ; crown with
. 153). Acc. Ritter, the above description shows the whitish to brownish felt; Ri. 20 or more, flat, ±
differences from P. formosa. divided into rather conical Tub.; Rsp.to c. 25, thin-
acicular, to 2 cm lg., noticeably interlacing
P.setosaBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. I ll: 12. 1963 laterally, white; Csp. mostly 4, stiffly acicular,
(3) rather stouter than the Rsp., to 2.5 cm lg., brownish
Bo. simple, bluish-green, to 25 cm h., 12 cm 0 ; to violet-grey or black, tufted in the crown, soon
crown white-woolly; Ri.to c. 35, much constricted much lighter or + white below and reddish-
between the Ar., + straight; Rsp. bristly, interlac­ brownish above; Sp. later often concealing the Bo.;
ing, straight or curving, to 40 or more, sometimes FI. 4 cm lg., pale golden-yellow to coppery-orange,
± projecting, to 2 cm lg., greyish-white, dark also brownish to light orange above; Tu. with

399
PARODIA

reddish-brown wool, with Br.; Ov. white-woolly.— P. suprema Ritt.—“Cactus”, 17: 76. 51-52. 1962
N. Argentina (Salta). (Fig. 320.) Spec, variable as (1-3)
to strength and colour of the Sp. Description completed from plants raised in
v. robustiorBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 12. Holland from Ritter-collected seed: Bo. spherical,
1963: differentiated from the type by c. 12-13 light bluish-green; crown broad, white-woolly,
rather stouter Rsp., sometimes brownish below; overtopped by the Sp. around the margin; Ri.
Csp.4, stouter, to 1.5 cm lg., horn-coloured, light 13-20, with slender Tub. at first, then only slightly
brown above; FI. red, 2 cm lg., 2-5 cm 0 , tuberculate; Rsp. (9-) 11-16, radiating, thin, light
brown-woolly.—N. Argentina (Maimara, found horn-coloured, soon white, or horn-coloured
by Frau Muhr). (Fig. 321, left.) above, to 2 cm lg.; Csp. 4, brown to black, not
longer at first, then 2-4.5 cm lg., lowest one longest,
P. subterranea Ritt.—Succulenta, 43: 3. 43. 1964 hooked at first, later ± straight; FI. 3.5 cm 0 ,
(1-2) scarlet, Pet. bordered + violet; style yellow to
Bo. flat-spherical, to 6 cm 0 , dark to olive-green, brownish; Fr. to 8 mm lg., carmine to brownish-
crown with white wool; Ri. 11-13, 4-7 mm h., red, probably (although not so stated) it and the
divided into very conical Tub., united below; Ar. Tu. with brownish wool and black Br.; S. 1 mm lg..
white, soon glabrous; Rsp. c. 10, 5-8 mm lg., glossy, black.—Bolivia (Dept. Tarija, San An­
radiating and appressed, whitish to horn-coloured tonio, 3500 m) (FR 912). Better regarded as a
or the upper ones blackish-grey, grey to blackish at variety of P. maassii, particularly in view of Ritter’s
first; Csp. l(-4), stout, 7-14 mm lg., suberect or information that an intermediate is to be found in
projecting, black, one at first hooked, later the vinicinity.
straighter; FI. to 3 cm lg., purple; Tu. with white to
brown H., with black Br. above; Fr. red or green, P. tabularis hort.: only a name current in the USA.
white-hairy.—Bolivia (S. Cinti, La Cueva) (FR
731). (Fig. 322.) P. tafiensis Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 12.
1963 (1-3)
P. subtilihamata Ritt. (FR 741): only a name of Bo. simple, spherical, green; crown white-woolly:
Ritter’s, no description available. Brandt’s pub­ Ri.tuberculate; Ar.white, c. 8 mm apart; Rsp.thin.
lished description, based on seedling plants, 10, to 7 mm lg., white; Csp. 4, cruciform, to 1 cm
appears applicable to adult plants of P. andreae lg., brown; FI.c. 3 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , fiery carmine:
Brandt. Fil. and style carmine; Sti. erect, c. 4, pink.—N.
Argentina (Tafi, Km 90; found by Lembcke). (Fig.
321, right.) Distinguished from P. sanguiniflora by
P. sulphurea hort.: only a name; probably refer­ fewer Rsp., rather smaller FI. and pink Sti. (these
able to P. aureispina Backbg. creamy-white in P, sanguiniflora).
P.superbaBrandt P. tarabucina Card.—C. & S. J. (US), XXXIII: 4.
Bo. cylindric, green, over 10 cm h., c. 7 cm 0 ; Ri. 108-109. 1961 (2)
13, spiralled, tuberculate; Tub. to 6 mm h., stout, Bo. spherical, to 20 cm h., 25 cm 0 ; Ri.unbroken,
flattening in age; Ar. 7 mm 0 , c. 1 cm apart, spiralled, c. 13;Ar. elliptic, grey-felty; Rsp. 12-13.
covered with much downy wool which is white, thin-acicular, compressed, 1-3 cm lg.; Csp. 1, ±
silky, dense and glossy; Rsp. c. 7, tipped pink, bent above, subulate, 5-7 cm lg.; upper Sp.
laterals directed upwards, curving and sickle­ brownish, then whitish; FI. 5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 .
shaped, c. 1.5 cm lg.; Csp. 4, the 3 upper ones salmon to purple; Tu. with purplish, reddish or
directed upwards, sickle-shaped, c. 1.5 cm lg., the yellowish H.; Ov. white-woolly; Fr. ?— Bolivia
bottom one stoutest, longest, thickened below, to (Oropeza, road from Sucre to Tarabuco).
2 cm lg. and more, strongly hooked, all Csp.
brownish-pink; pericarpel olive-green, densely P. taratensis Card.-C. & S. J. (US), XXXVI: 1.
woolly, c. 5 mmlg. and br.; Rec.c. 1.5 cmlg., 8 mm 24-25. 1964(1)
O, light green; Sc. olive-brownish, with dense Bo.spherical, 3 cm h., 4—5 cm 0 , light green; Ri.c.
whitish wool and brown Br., the longest to 8 mm; 13, spiralled; Ar. to 8 mm apart, grey; Rsp. c. 17.
Sep. golden-yellow, striped and tipped carmine, very thin-acicular, spreading, white, 3-15 mm lg..
greenish-yellow below; Pet.golden-yellow, crowd­ Csp.4, cruciform, 1.5-2.5 cmlg., hooked, acicular
ed, 2.5 cm lg., 6 mm br.; FI. c. 5-6 cm 0 ; Fil. whitish below, brownish above; FI.rising from the
golden-yellow; An. cream; style with 7 Sti., loose apical wool, 3 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 ; Ov. with
yellowish; Fr. brownish, 3 mm 0 ; S. round, dark white Sc., with brown Br.; Tu.with pink Sc., white
brown very small.—N. Argentina. First dis­ wool and brown Br.; Pet. golden-yellow, 1.5 cm
tributed incorrectly as P. dextrohamata. (Fig. 518.) lg.; Fil. yellow, style and the 8 Sti. similarly.—
400
 PARODIA

Bolivia (Prov. Tarata, Dept. Cochabamba, road bottom one hooked, stouter, deeper brown, to 2.3
- >mTarata to Rio Caine, 2200 m). cm lg.; FI. golden-yellow, 2.5 cm lg., c. 3 cm 0 ;
Sep.with a red M.-line; Pet.slightly red-tipped; Tu.
? thionanthaBrandt orange-yellow, 2 cm lg., with red Sc., with a reddish
Ba. bluish-green, cylindric, c. 16 cm h., to 10 cm 0 ; line below the Ar., wool fight fawn, with a few black
Rj. 21, spiralled, tuberculate; Ar. densely woolly, Br. above; Fil.yellow; styleand 10 long Sti.cream;
¡specially in the crown; Rsp.c. 10, white, radiating, Fr. ?—N. Argentina (found by Fechser, with no
: 6 mm lg.; Csp. always 4, the 3 upper ones to 10 precise locality given. Uhlig No. U 2200).
lg., the fourth stoutest, to 1.5 cm lg., hooked,
Cl dark camine; FI.light golden-yellow, c. 4-6 cm P. uebelmanniana: perhaps = Notocactus Buxb.
23 Fil. yellow, sometimes red; Sti. and style No description available.
I!* hitish to cream; Tu. white with blackish Br.— N.
Argentina (Salta, on the borders of Tucuman). P. uhligiana Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 12.
Bickeberg listed this plant as P. erythrantha var. 1963 (2-3)
^onantha, whereas Brandt sees it as an inde- Bo. simple, spherical, to 10 cm 0 , greyish-green;
rendent species. (Fig. 519.) crown ± white-woolly, overtopped by the Sp.; Ri.
± spiralled, to c. 20, tuberculate; Ar. 1 cm apart,
- tilcarensis(Werd. & Backbg.) Backbg. (3) soon glabrous; Rsp.c. 35, thin, + straight, whitish,
Bo. eventually elongated, to over 15 cm h., to 1 cm lg.; Csp. 4-8, thickened below, 4 of these
netimes of similar diameter, matt, leaf-green; stouter, straight or + curving, mostly 1 much
Ri. scarcely tuberculate above, + spiralled; Ar. longer, to 5 cm lg., more thickened below, light to
• '.¡te-woolly at first, those in the crown crowded; dark brown; FI. coppery-red; S. small, glossy,
:rown white; Rsp. 9-15, fine, slightly thickened and black, hilum small, corky.—N. Argentina (Salta,
--'k below; Csp. 4, brownish to dark brown, + Quebrada El Toro; found by Rausch). (Fig. 323.)
r Jbously thickened below, to c. 2.5 cm lg., later A very fine-spined form has been called v.
-: metimes darker-tipped, straight to slightly stuemerioides: Csp. sometimes more bent above.
--Ding; FI, c. 3 cm lg. and 0 , ± bellshaped-
Cnnelform, bronzey-red to + blood-red; S. rather P. vacae Rausch, nom. prov.: description not
huger, black.—N. Argentina (near Tilcara). available.
gigantea (Krainz) Backbg.: FI. coral-pink. Bo.
.ater stout (like the type): Sp. honey-brown: P. variicolor Ritt.—“Taxon”, XIII: 3, 117. 1964
probably scarcely differentiated. The following (1-2)
has not been validly described: v. jujuyana Fric, Bo. differing from P. aureicentra by its greater
also written as v. jujuyensis Fric): crown with length, to 28^12 cm lg.; Rsp. fewer, Sp. stouter,
blackish Sp. Spec, appears to be just as variable coloured similarly to the Csp. or as in P.
:n Sp.-colour as, for instance, P. stuemeri. (See aureicentra; Pet. blood-red, bordered brownish-
also P. gigantea Krainz). red; S. thinner, longer, glossy.—N. Argentina (N.
of Cachi, road to Poma, Prov. Salta) (FR 916a).
P tredecimcostata Ritt. (FR 739): undescribed v. robustispina Ritt.—1. c.: Sp. slightly glossy,
pedes, constantly 13-ribbed; v. minor and v. aurea honey to blackish; Csp. much longer and
tre only ecotypes. stouter, to 4—7 cm lg., often curving or more
hooked.—N. Argentina (mountains E. of Cachi,
P.tuberculataCard. (1) 3000 m and higher, Prov. Salta) (FR 916b).
Bo. simple, broadly spherical, to 7 cm br., 5 cm h., It is not yet clear how close this spec, is to P.
greyish-green; Ri. c. 13, spiralled, divided into rauschii, and whether together they form a
plump Tub. to 1 cm br.; Ar. grey; Rsp. 10-11, complex.
-;:cular, to 1cmlg., ± appressed; Csp.4, to 18mm
lg., one hooked downwards; Sp. all grey, frosted P.weberianaBrandt 1969
* bite, thickened below; FI.shortly bellshaped, 1.8 Bo. simple, broadly spherical, grass-green, c. 7 cm
cm lg., yellowish-red; Ov. white-woolly; Fr. h., 10 cm 0 , crown depressed, not woolly; Ri. 21,
-r herical, to 7 mm 0 , with white H.; S. 0.8 mm lg., spiralled, tuberculate; Ar. small, oval, c. 3 mm lg.,
clack.—Bolivia (Oropeza, near Quebrada de Villa ± without wool; Rsp. 15, set around the Ar.,
Maria, Hacienda Ressini). radiating, very unequal, to 1cm lg., thin, yellowish-
white ; Csp.4, 3 of these directed upwards, to 1.2 cm
P. tuberculosi-costataBackbg. n.sp. (1) lg., thin, straight, pale brownish, fighter below,
Bo. broadly spherical, deep green; Ri. c. 16, + darker-tipped, the fourth Sp. pointing downwards,
tuberculate; Rsp.c. 12, light brownish at first, soon stoutest, c. 1.5 cm lg., hooked, darker; buds grass-
.ighter, + brownish-tipped, c. 5-7 mm lg.; Csp. 4, green, without wool; FI.golden-yellow, pericarpel
401
PARODIA—PEDIOCACTUS

brownish-pink; An.,styleand Sti.white; Sc.green, fruits dry and laterally dehiscent. The flowers, so
c. 7 mm lg.; Fr.brownish, oval, 5 mm lg.; S.round, far as is known, are borne not in, but around, the
very small, testa smooth, brownish, glossy. meristem; they open during the day and close
Named for Dr. A. Weber-who described in 1896 the somewhat at night, and are broadly funnelform.
first species later to be referred to the newly erected Acc. Schumann the fruits open in part by means of
genus Parodia. Spination variable in colour, while a circular slit near the base, or they drop, or they
the FI. can also be golden-orange and reddish- split irregularly. Variable types of dehiscence are
orange; in the latter case the buds also are more known to occur also in other genera. Flower-
reddish.—N. Argentina (Fig. 520.) colour is sometimes variable, from yellowish
through pink to white. Seeds are dark brown to
P. yamparaezi Card.—“Cactus” (Paris), 19: 82, black, finely tuberculate, with a large sub-basal
43-44. 1964 (2-3) hilum.
Bo. simple, broadly spherical, to 10 cm h., 14 cm L. Benson recently united Utahia sileri (Eng.) Br. &
0 ;Ri. 14-20, spiralled; Ar. 1 cm apart, grey; Rsp. R., Toumeya Br. & R. and Pilocanthus paradinei
7-9, radiating to appressed, 4-12 mm lg., thin- (B. W. Bens.) B. W. Benson & Backbg. with this
acicular; Csp. 1, to 2.5 cm lg., subulate, curving at genus. In accordance with the systematic con­
the tip; Sp.light grey to white; FI.2.5 cm lg., glossy, siderations applied in this work, the separation of
blood-red, with white and brown FI.;styleand Sti. these genera is maintained here, both because of the
white; Fil. ± creamy-white.—Bolivia (Chuq- differential characters set out in the Systematic
uisaca, near Yamparaez). Survey, and the following facts: Pediocactus has no
ciliate scales on the tube, ovary and fruit are naked,
P.zaletaewanaBrandt 1973 the flowers do not arise centrally; Utahia has
Bo. compressed, spherical, to over 15 cm h. and c. centrally borne flowers, tube and ovary densely set
12 cm 0 , blackish or dark green; Ar.oval, c. 7 mm with dry ciliate scales, and the fruit has small scales:
lg., set on small Tub., with much silky white wool Pilocanthus has differently shaped flowers borne ±
which covers the Ar. so that they appear to form a centrally (as shown in my Fig. 2707, “Die Cact.”, p.
stripe; Ri. 13, 15 mm h., 25 mm apart, slightly 2879, 1961), and the spination is as distinctive
spiralled; Rsp. c. 15, to 20 mm lg., rigid, straight, among the spherical cacti of the northern distri­
the upper ones longest, darkest, often tipped bution as that of Navajoa. Croizat saw this as an
blackish, directed sideways and up, only one of important argument for segregating the latter, and
them pointing downwards; Csp. 4, sometimes ± the same consideration applies even more strongly
cruciform, 3 of them directed upwards, those in the to Pilocanthus; but if all these genera are united—
crown dark brown to blackish, becoming lighter, or even simply Utahia and Pediocactus—then
and then more brownish-grey, c. 2 mm lg., the logically the process cannot stop there, and
downward-pointing Csp. is to 3.5 cm lg., thick, Toumeya for instance must also be included. H.
stout, slightly curved at the tip but not hooked; FI. Bravo and Marshall, while maintaining Toumeya
purple to carmine, c. 50-60mm 0 , opening to cup­ as an independent genus, have again included
shaped; Ov. and Tu. carmine with carmine Sc., Navajoa and even Turbinicarpus. This shows
densely set with pink wool, with short blackish- firstly the dangers of “lumping”, which leads to
brown Br. above; Sep. carmine, narrow- differing views on delimitation as the above
lanceolate ; Pet.bordered light reddish, with a dark example clearly shows, and which—carried to its
purplish-red M.-stripe; Fil. golden-yellow; An. logical conclusion—threatens to produce massive
yellow; styleand Sti.yellowish; Fr. carmine-pink, and chaotic combinations; secondly it demon­
6 mm 0 , with light pink wool; S. blackish, strates that the small genus is a safeguard against
strophiole light.—Bolivia (Dept. Chuquisaca, near quite open-ended developments such as the above.
Salitre and Culpina). This plant, which came from To the type-species of Pediocactus, L. Benson also
Ritter, was at first distributed under the names: adds P. simpsonii v. caespiticus as “n.nud.”. In
Parodia culpinensis and Pafodia gibbulosa. (Fig. view of the details in my illustrations he should
521.) have been able to satisfy himself that this variety is
sufficiently divergent from the type and even has
Parviopuntia Marn.-Soul.: TephrocactusLem. claims to specific status. The name is, moreover,
not a “n.nud.”, since “Die Cact.”, Vol. V, 2846.
Pediocactus Br. & R. (202) 1961 contains a Latin diagnosis for the principal
diagnostic difference. Clearly L. Benson does not
A genus of plants which, in habitat, are frost- know this plant, and the inclusion of the name
resistant; the bodies have tubercles replacing ribs, cannot be justified, even on the basis of failure to
the flowers are only medium-sized; the scales of the name a type-species. Such detailed photos are
tube are not ciliate, ovaries and fruits are naked, perfectly admissible under the Code of Nomencla-

402
 PEDIOCACTUS

—s 1954 (German edition), particularly in view of normally to 15 cm 0 (and then to 22 cm h.); Ri.
•e much-enlarged views of the spines. I regard the tuberculate; Ar. quite strongly woolly at first; Rsp.
; ?position of type-material as only being justified 15-25(-30), to 0.8-1 cm lg., white to cream; Csp.
■m the original description does not include 5-8(41), 0.4—1.8(— 2.65) cm lg., straight or slightly
lequate illustrations. As against this, a Latin curving, + reddish-brown, lighter or darker,
: -gnosis has not been provided for Pediocactus sometimes also cream to yellowish below; FI.to 2
«t wvltonii L. Bens, which was first mentioned in cm lg., to c. 3 cm 0 (1.9-2.5 cm 0 ), yellowish,
ae American journal, 193. 1961, with a short yellowish or greenish-pink, pink or white; Fr. ±
: escription in English, and again in C. & S. J. (US) spherical, to c. 7 mm lg., virtually naked, dry,
— 1961, also without a Latin diagnosis. I have green, splitting irregularly or with a circular slit
- -: vided this now for v. knowltonii since it belongs below and dropping.—Despite numerous support­
? bradyi L. Bens.; both plants are very small, ing statements, L. Benson’s treatment is inaccurate
- :h similar spination and no'central spines. If a v. in several details. He attaches v. minor and v.
~:nor is to be added to P. simpsonii, then the same robustior to P. simpsonii v. simpsonii. He has the
~ _si be done with P. bradyi, for the latter and its v. following to say regarding the distribution of the
tTowltonii occur much closer to one another than type or v. simpsonii: S. Idaho, Montana to Central
P simpsonii and its variety. Two valid species are Nevada, N. Arizona, W. Kansas and New Mexico
■ -s known.—Distribution: from NW. USA (Fig. 325); but he does not mention its occurrence
••• ashington-Montana (E. Wyoming?), through in Colorado, or that Boissevain found the type
be central States to N. Arizona and New Mexico. widespread in NW. Colorado and numerous on the
. iltivation in Europe is seldom successful, Monarch Pass. The illustration from this locality
r -: bably because P. simpsonii is subjected in the shows both broadly spherical and very oblong
.i-J to winter-cold; even grafted plants rarely do forms, whereas Benson says only “spherical to
well.] broadly ovoid”, with v. simpsonii to 15 cm lg., and
v. robustior to only 12.5 cm lg. Polaski actually
?. bradyi L. Benson -C . & S. J. (US), XXXIV: 1, reported plants to 22 cm lg. Since Coulter gave v.
19. 1962. robustior Coult. as “larger in all parts, especially
Bo. mostly simple, rarely two-headed, + spherical the Tub., Rsp. to 2.3 cm lg., Csp. to 2.3 cm lg.”,
to ovoid, to c. 6 cm lg., to 5 cm 0 , often smaller; while Benson gives v. simpsonii as having “Csp.
crown moderately woolly; Rsp.to c. 15, 3-6 mm lg., 1.2-1.9 cm lg.”, and Boissevain describes those of
— appressed, smooth, somewhat cartilaginous, the type as “to 1.8 cm lg.”, I see no prospect of
te to yellowish-brownish; Csp. 0; FI. ?; Fr. segregating v. typica and v. robustior unless on
croadly top-shaped, to 6 mm lg., dehiscence as in F1.-0 acc. Benson: in v. typica to 2.5 cm 0 , and in
ce type-species; S. black, with minute papillae on v. robustior to c. 3.1 cm 0 ; on the other hand,
-regular prominences, c. 2.3 mm lg.—USA (Col- Boissevain observed to 3 cm 0 in the type!
: rado Plateau, at 1200 m; N. Arizona, near Marble It was perhaps because of this difficulty of
Canyon on the Colorado River). demarcation that L. Benson does not quote
knowltonii (L. Bens.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Boissevain’s data and fig. The following localities
Nov. Ill: 12. 1963 (see introduction; given by L. should therefore be added: (for v. robustior) E.
Benson as P. knowltonii, 1. c.," 19. 1962, but Washington, E. Oregon, W. Idaho, NE. Nevada;
without Latin diagnosis): Bo.small-spherical, to the type-species came from Butte Valley in Utah
3.8 cm h., to almost 2 cm 0 (L. Benson). My own and the eastern Kobe Valley. The lectotype came
plant is 2.5 cm 0 ; little offsetting, mostly simple; from here, and from Butte Valley a plant which
Tub. very tiny; Rsp. 18-23, white, fine and hair- “more or less approximated to v. robustior”. In
like, to 1.4 mm lg., white to reddish-brownish, or other words here again a transitional form. L.
tipped thus; Csp.0; crownwith slight wool; FI.c. Benson makes no mention in his treatment of Utah,
1 cm lg., pink; Fr.to 4mmlg.; S. black, 1.5 mm either for v. typica, or even for v. robustior from
Utah.
lg —USA (Colorado, juniper-pinyon woodland:
New Mexico, near Los Pinos River). (Fig. 324.) v.caespiticusBackbg.Not admitted inL. Benson’s
Pubescence of the Sp. is not a sufficient character articles in C.&S.J. (US), 49-54.1961, and 17-19.
for specific segregation since this feature can be 1962, where it is incorrectly cited as nom. nud. (see
very variable, i.e. in some Mammillarias. Colour above) and reduced to synonymy with v.
photo in Kakt. u.a. Sukk., 13:11, 182. 1962. simpsonii and even with v. hermannii, a curious
and inaccurate combination since the characters
of v. caespiticus are as follows: Bo. only the size
of a goose egg, sometimes flattened, freely
P.simpsonii(Eng.) Br.& R. (T.) caespitose, in groups to 30 cm 0 and 50 cm h.;
Bo. spherical to + elongated, mostly simple, Rsp. to 24; Csp. to 8; Sp. on new growth,
403
PEDIOCACTUS

especially the Csp., + white.—USA (Colorado, cover-picture, and 1. c. 98. 1961, a “Toumeya
Salida, 2700 m); krainziana Frank” (i.e. a spec, of Turbinicarpus) is
v. hermannii (Marsh.) Wieg. & Backbg.: Bo. illustrated or discussed. Detailed consideration of
hemispherical; Rsp. 14—16; Csp. 3-5 (variety the question: “What is to be done with Turbini­
with the fewest Csp.);FI.more bellshaped, white carpus?” should thus not have been omitted, since
to cream to pink; Sp.: radials ± hair-like and the Sections were keyed out strictly on spine-
thin, centrals to only 1 cm Ig. and red.—USA characters ; and in that case those of Pilocanthus
(Utah: Garfield County, on flat surfaces whereas and Turbinicarpus should also have been con­
Pediocactus is normally a plant of the moun­ sidered. L. Benson seems to have discovered here
tains, found at 2400-3000 m; this variety grows the consequences liable to ensue from his classifi­
at only c. 1800 m; Csp.much finer); cation which ignores the facts, for then inevitably
v. minor (Eng.) Cockerell—Torreya 18: 180. Aztekium and Lophophora would have had to be
1916: Bo.smaller; Rsp.20-28, to 6 mm lg., white included, and a number of other genera could no
to cream; Csp.5-8, toe. 1.3 cm lg.; FI.1.2-1.9 cm longer have remained distinct.
0 . —USA (Central Colorado, highlands); It is easy to understand why L. Benson, whose
v. nigrispinus Marsh. (Cactaceae, 140, 1941, classification in “Arizona Cacti” is still based only
without Latin diagnosis): on Echinocactus and Mammillaria (including
Bo. depressed-spherical, mostly caespitose; Rsp. Coryphantha!), was slow to alter his views. But the
projecting, these and the Csp. blackish.—USA inadequacy of the treatment is no reason for
(Washington, Priest’s Rapids). Mentioned al­ allowing it to pass unchallenged. Let it be said in
ready by Britton & Rose, “The Cactaceae”, III: conclusion that Toumeya and Utahia (combined
91. 1937, as a form; it could be considered a new by L. Benson in Pediocactus, 1. c. XXXII: 2. 50.
spec. In view of the variability of Sp.-colour 1961) were erected by Britton and Rose, both of
common in Pediocactus, as well as the them experienced authors, for sound reasons based
depressed-spherical and freely offsetting habit, on their overall concepts, just as I did with
and the distances separating the respective distri­ Pilocanthus; in the same way as the latter is
butions (see Benson’s data regarding v. robus- segregated by its unique hair-development, so
tior), it is possible that this variety is identical with Utahia is separable from Pediocactus by its quite
v. caespiticus. However a valid description and distinctive floral characters. The views of other
closer investigations have still to be undertaken. authors cannot simply be ignored when revisions
Since L. Benson nowhere mentions black Rsp., are made within a restricted field. Logic demands
the smaller v. nigrispinus Marsh., as described by that what is done in one instance should be applied
Marshall, is particularly unsuitable for referral universally; moreover, we have worked well with
to v. robustior, as done by Benson. the known genera for decades, so that there is no
In C. & S. J. (US), XXXIV: 2, 57-61. 1962, L. need for any sudden unification within a dubious
Benson completes the inclusion of Navajoa Croiz. comprehensive genus. “Revisions” such as this
and Toumeya Br. & R., as discussed here in the must be looked at critically since they touch the
introduction to this genus; this was inevitable with basic problems of present-day cactology, and a
such a broad generic concept. In so doing, he solution of this kind is an over-simplification of the
erected the following Sections: 1: Pediocactus, 2: facts.
Navajoa, 3: Toumeya. The,small number of N. American authors—whose
A vital point here is that in his Key to the Sections, work has never recognised the existence of vari­
1. c. p. 57, Benson bases his classification solely on eties, and thus fails to satisfy the geo-botanist—all
the nature of the Sp. but then, surprisingly, ignores proceed along similar lines. No uniform guide-lines
the uniquely hair-like spination of Pilocanthus. His are accepted, so that synthetic “revisions” appear
sectional classification: “Spines not strongly one after the other, e.g. Kimnach’s particularh
flattened”, is thus insufficient; for when acicular- questionable treatment of Rauh’s discoveries in
subulate spines are separated from those which are Peru; and Anderson in his no less brutal “revision”
bast-like and others which are cartilaginous, it of Ariocarpus, Roseocactus and Neogomesia. One
becomes more important than ever to distinguish is left with the impression that the important thing
the long hair-like spines of Pilocanthus which are is to do something different at all costs; this
quite unique in the entire northern distribution of approach has no clear goal; it produces utter
the spherical cacti. This appears not to suit L. confusion in the nomenclature which is not
Benson’s concept so he treats it in the same way as dispelled by the impressive assembly of supporting
he does the inclusion of Turbinicarpus F. Buxb. & citations. These authors appear to lack an>
Backbg. in Toumeya, by Helia Bravo and Mar­ understanding of the consequences, or sufficient
shall ; in other words he overlooks that also, despite knowledge either of the total corpus of knowledge.
the fact that in the same journal, 3: 1961 in the or of the problems it poses. There even seems to be
404
 PEDIOCACTUS—PEÏRESKIA

2 deliberate ignoring of the basis for classification person, the name should be written correctly; if an
rrovided by Nature herself, in the line of shoot- intrinsically invalid generic name can be validated
reduction seen in flower and fruit. Artificial as a nomen conservandum, then logically one should
-oncepts within restricted fields are taken as the do the same and substitute the correct spelling for
•orking basis instead of the many-faceted work- any generic name based on a personal name. It is a
ngs of Nature, using the means she provides. dubious honour if the name is incorrect or corrupt.
Because of the importance of these general The above spelling has been retained since it is the
rroblems, the Genus Pediocactus Br. & R., and form of the name most commonly used by authors,
'.ensu L. Benson, has had to be studied at greater although the Code requires it should be “Per­
ength since it shows why I have left Pediocactus, eskia”. Of the 8 species hitherto described, 4(-5?)
Ltahia, Toumeya, Navajoa and Pilocanthus as belong to SG.2. Acc. N. H. Boke, C. & S. J. (US),
-.dependent genera. It also obviates the need for XXXV: 1, 3 pp., 1963, P. tampicana is only a
retailed examination of Turbinicarpus or of other variant of P. grandifolia; P. lychnidiflora and P.
questions inevitably resulting from piecemeal zinniaeflora have never been re-collected; and P.
: ombinations. conzattii must be regarded as a synonym of P.
pititache, which Britton & Rose erroneously
attributed to Peireskiopsis. The descriptions of the
Peireskia (Plum.) Mill. (1) former species have been left in Rhodocactus
pending clarification (see Rhodocactus). Distri­
“ his genus was long regarded as the ancestral form bution : From the USA (Florida) through Tropical
: : :he Cacti; but since its members have continued America inclusive of the W, Indies, to Peru,
: bear unmodified leaves, even in very dry zones, Paraguay and N. Argentina. [Vigorous; sometimes
e. without any environmental adaptation towards used as grafting stock.]
more succulent forms, the genus has to be seen as a
-onservative stage in the broad lines of evolution of P.aculeata(Plum.) Mill. (1) (T.)
he Cactaceae, with a strong similarity to other Bo. a scrambling shrub, to 10 m lg.; branchesthin;
eaf-bearing plants. The development of the ovary L. shortly petiolate, lanceolate to oblong or ovate,
u the base of the style is seen as primitive, but in the to 7 cm lg., green on both surfaces; Sp. 1-3 below,
ace of its conservative retention over uncon- paired in the L.-axils, recurved; FI.clustered, to 4.5
;Cionably long periods of time, one could equally cm 0 , white, pale yellow or pinkish; Ov. leafy,
■ ell say that it is the simplest possible stage in the often spiny; Fr.light yellow, to 2 cm 0 ; S. black,
infinite variety of forms which Nature has de- rather flat, to 5 mm lg.—Distribution as above,
eloped. However, seed-development at the base of probably also naturalised in Mexico; H. Bravo
the style and true (i.e. inferior) seed-cavities suggests the original homeland is Venezuela. (Fig.
institute such significant differences that Berger 326.)
>egregated a subgenus on that basis ; and Knuth, v. godseffiana (Sand.) Knuth: a plant with +
-uite logically within the framework of modern peach-coloured L. which is perhaps referable to
-iassification, raised it to the status of genus with v. rubescens as a form, although it is sometimes
'-he name Rhodocactus. Conspicuous differences green; L. mostly red on the underside;
between the species with superior ovaries make it v. rubescens (Pfeiff.), with no valid combination:
necessary to distinguish also the following sub­ |A r. very woolly, the ovate L. violet-red below” ;
genera : however the type also becomes more hairy when
SG. 1; Peireskia : Flowers larger, not sessile ; in a very dry situation, while a slight reddening of
SG.2 : Neopeireskia Backbg. ; Flowers very the L.-underside also occurs.
small, very shortly pedunculate or sessile,
corolla cup-shaped. P. amapola Web.: Rhodocactussacharosa(Griseb.)
- he genus could not be subdivided on the basis of Backbg.
similar arrangement of the ovaries. The figure after
each specific name indicates the appropriate P. argentina Web,: Rhodocactus sacharosa
;abgenus. Fruits, depending on flower-size, are (Griseb.) Backbg.
small or much larger; the latter are particularly
“eshy, and are sometimes eaten as dessert-fruit. P. autumnalis (Eichl.) Rose: Rhodocactus
The seeds have a thin testa and are glossy black. autumnalis(Eichl.) Knuth.
The genus was named for the Provençal scholar
Peiresc, and because of the French pronunciation P. bahiensisGiirke (1)
f the name it was first written as Pereskia; but for Bo.shrubby at first, later a tall tree, to 8 m h., with a
the last 100 years, i.e. since Salm-Dyck, it has been trunk; branches without Sp. at first; L. lanceolate,
pointed out that where a name commemorates a to 9 cm lg.; Sp. later to 40, to 9 cm lg.; FI.in small
405
PEIRESKIA

clusters, pink; Ov. with large L.; Fr. often blackish above; FI.c. 4.5 cm 0 , pinkish-red, with
proliferating, to 4 cm lg., irregularly angular, leafy; Br.; Ov. with black Sp. and L. to 3 cm lg.—Brazil
S. oblong, black, to 5 mm lg.—Brazil (E. Caat- (Corumba).
inga).
P. nicoyana Web.: Rhodocactus nicoyanus (Web.)
P. bleo (HBK.) DC.: Rhodocactus bleo (HBK.) Knuth.
Knuth.
P. opuntiaeflora DC.: Peireskiopsis opuntiaeflora
P. colombiana Br. & R.: Rhodocactus colombianus (DC.) Br. & R.
(Br. & R.) Knuth.
P. panamensis Web.: Rhodocactus bleo (HBK.)
P. conzattii Br. & R.: Peireskiapititache Karw. Knuth.

P. corrugata Cutak: Rhodocactus corrugatus P. pflanzii Vpl.: Quiabentiapflanzii(Vpl.) Vpl.

(Cutak) Backbg. P. pititache Karw.—In Pfeiffer, En. Diagn. Cact.,
176. 1837(1)
P. cubensis Br. & R.: Rhodocactus cubensis (Br. & Bo. tree-like, to over 20 m h. (P. conzattii, acc.
R.) Knuth. MacDougall); trunkto 35 cm; L. oval to subovate,
pointed, firm, with entire margins and a short
P.diaz-romeroanaCard. (2) petiole; Sp. 1-8 or more later, variously long; FI.
Bo. shrubby, to 1.2 m h., freely branching; R. only on older plants, opening only in sunshine
tuberous, woody; branches spreading ± horizon­
tally; Ar. grey and white; Sp. 5 at first, later to 12, during June-July, orange-red, with peduncles c. 3
cm lg.; S.black, smooth.—Mexico (Tehuantepec),
O. 5-2 cm lg., rather flattened, whitish or yellowish; Guatemala ? Description acc. N. H. Boke, who
L. sessile, dark green, ovate-elliptic, to 2.5 cm lg., 1 established the correct genus. Acc. H. Bravo the
cm br.; FI.to 1 cm lg., wine-red; Ov. glabrous, 5- ovary is superior. P. conzattii Br. & R. is a
lobed; Fr. to 5 mm 0 , blackish to wine-red.—E. synonym.
Bolivia (near Cochabamba, Ttacko Laguna).
P. portulacifolia (L.) Haw.: Rhodocactusportulaci-
P. foetens Speg. and P. fragrans Lem.: forms of folius(L.) Knuth.
Peireskiaaculeata(Plum.) Mill.
P. rotundifolia DC.: Peireskiopsis rotundifolia
P. grandifolia Haw.: Rhodocactus grandifolius (DC.) Br. & R.
(Haw.) Knuth.
P. saipinensis Card.: Rhodocactus saipinensis
P. guamacho Web.: Rhodocactusguamacho (Web.) (Card.) Backbg.
Knuth.
P. sparsiflora Ritt. (2)
P. higuerana Card.: Rhodocactus higueranus Valid diagnosis, with Latin text, still awaited; only
(Card.) Backbg. the following data are available: Bo. shrubby; R.
tuberous, woody; branches and L. of similar
P. hórrida (HBK.) DC. non Parodi: Peireskia colour; L. polymorphic, in favourable conditions
humboldtiiBr. & R. twice as large as when unfavourable, oval, tapering
towards both ends or sometimes rounded above;
P.humboldtiiBr. & R. (2) Sp. to 8, more radial Sp. c. 6, light yellowish,
Bo. tree-like, to 6 m h.; branches subterete, thinner, 3 of these c. 1 cm lg.; 1-2 stouter, more
slender ;L. solitary, narrowly oblong, sessile, 3 cm central Sp. to 13 mm lg., horn-yellow, light
lg.; Sp. often solitary, to 2-3, to 3 cm lg., dark; FI.c. brownish and thicker below; Ar. with sparse H.;
1 cm lg., red to orange, 5-lobed, shortly pedun­ FI. said to be solitary, no colour given.—NE. Peru
culate ; Fr.small, with many S.—N. Peru (Jaén, on (FR 640).
the Marañon River). It has not been established whether or not this is
Rhodocactus antonianus Backbg.
P. lychnidiflora DC.: Rhodocactus lychnidiflorus
(DC.) Knuth. P. spathulata Otto: Peireskiopsis spathulata (O.)
Br. & R.
P.mooreiBr. & R. (1)
Bo. shrubby, 1 m h.; L. subcircular, to 8 cm lg.; Ar. P. tampicana Web.: Rhodocactus tampicanus
grey; Sp. 2-4, unequal, to 7.5 cm lg., ash-grey, (Web.) Backbg.
406
 PEIRESKIA—PEIRESKIOPSIS

P. vargasii H. Johns. (2) the introductory section).—Distribution: Mexico

Bo. eventually tree-like, to 4 m h., also prostrate ; L. and Guatemala. [(R).]
more rounded below, tapering above, ± sessile, to According to the Code of Nomenclature, the
2.5 cm lg. ; Ar. white-felty, with H. to 1 cm Ig. ; Sp. correct spelling is “Pereskiopsis”, but this has of
1-3. pungent, to 2.5 cm lg., pale straw-coloured at necessity been amended by Berger and other
first, later grey, black-tipped; FI. several together, authors to correspond to “Peireskia” (see under the
fessile, small, to 1.5 cm0 , calyx lobed, white; Fr. latter).
-nder 6 mm lg., wine-red to blackish; S. glossy.
Hack, 1.5 mm lg.—NE. Peru (Jaén, Bellavista), P. aquosa (Web.) Br. & R.
v. longispina Rauh & Backbg. : Bo. shrubby, to c. Bo. shrubby; branches bluish-green; L. brilliant
2 m h. ; L.similar to those of the type, light green ; green, ± elliptic, ± twice as lg. as br.; Ar. at first
Sp. to 3, to 5 cm lg., pale yellow ; FI. 1-3 together, with long white H.; Sp. mostly only 1, white; Glo.
0.7 cm 0 , white, with a green M.-stripe; Fr. 4 few, yellow; FI. yellow, flecked red outside; Fr.
mm 0 , green ; pear-shaped, to 5 cm lg., to 2.5 cm 0 , yellowish-
v. rauhii Backbg. : Bo. only 1.5mh.;Sp. to 10; FI. green.—Mexico (Guadalajara).
small, white.
P. autumnalis Eichlam: Rhodocactus autumnalis
P. verticillata Ypl. : Q u ia b e n tia v e r tic illa t a (Vpl.) (Eichl.) Knuth.
Vpl.
P. blakeanaG. Ortega
P. w e b e ria n a K. Sch. (2) Bo.to 3 m h., sometimes with a trunk; branchesto 5
Bo. 1-3 m h., shrubby; L. to 3 cm lg., 2 cm br., cm thick, green at first, then brown; Ar. with
cassile, broadly elliptic or + ovate, acuminate ; Ar. whitish-yellow felt; Sp. 2, grey above, black below;
white ; Sp. 1 at first, later to 5, longest one c. 1.5 cm Glo. yellow; FI. ?; Fr. ?; S. 2 mm lg., pink, lens­
ig . yellowish-brown to horny-yellow; FI. several shaped.—Mexico (Sinaloa, Abuya near Culiacan).
together, 1 cm lg., white, 2 cm 0 . —Bolivia (lunari
Mountains). The distribution of SG. Neopeireskia P. brandegeei Br. & R.: Peireskiopsis porteri
m N. Peru and E. Bolivia leads one to suppose that (Brand.) Br. & R.
it must also occur intermediately.
P.chapistie(Web.) Br. & R.
P- zehntneri Br. & R. : Q u ia b e n tia z e h n tn e ri (Br. &
Bo.shrubby, to 4m h.; branchessmooth; L. round
R Br. & R.
to elliptic, to 4 cm lg.; Ar. white; Sp. mostly 1,
white, to 6 cm lg.; FI. yellow to pink; Fr. red.—
Mexico (Oaxaca: Morelos ?).
P- zinniaeflora DC.: Rhodocactus zinniaeflorus
iDC.) Knuth. P.diguetii(Web.) Br. & R.
Bo. a large shrub; branches downy, green at
first, reddish when older; L. elliptic-ovate, to 5 cm
Peireskiopsis Br. & R. (5) lg.; Ar. at first with dense white felty H., later with
short black wool; Sp. mostly 1, rarely to 4, to 7 cm
At first regarded as Peireskia because of the lg., blackish at first; Glo.few, brownish; FI.yellow;
- milarly leafy habit, but the flower-shape and even Fr. 3 cm lg., red, sometimes spiny; S. white, 5 mm
more especially the presence of glochids and the lg.—Central Mexico (Jalisco; Guadalajara;
mrger, hard, pubescent seeds showed the re- Oaxaca).
mtionship to the Opuntioideae. In some cases at
'.east, the ovary may be stalked; but in general P.gatesiiBaxt.
relatively little is known of either flowers or fruits. Bo. a clambering shrub; shootspale green, branch-
An interesting point to note is Diguet’s information letsto 7 cm lg.; L. scarcely longer than br.; Ar.
.ending to show that P. aquosa is more nocturnal dark; Sp. 1 to several, to 5 cm lg., grey to nut-
than diurnal since the flowers, wide open at brown below, tip dark brown to black, with thin,
ray break, close rapidly as the sun rises. However, similarly coloured Sh.; Glo. brown; FI. ?; Fr.deep
this does not appear to be the case with all the pink, 2 cm lg., 1 cm 0 , leafy, mostly sterile, with
pedes. P. spathulata and P. velutina have proved few brown Sp.—Mexico (Baja California).
t a be excellent grafting stocks for seedlings; even
the smallest plantlets grow extraordinarily quickly P.kellermanniiRose
: n them, but they do need to be re-grafted; the Bo. a clambering shrub; shootsto 5 m lg., c. 2 cm
>:umps then produce further shoots, and this 0 , green at first; L. glossy, green, elliptic to +
procedure is vital when raising rarities (see Fig. in oblong or subcircular, also tapered at both ends,
407
PEIRESKIOPSIS—PELECYPHORA

twice to 3 times as lg. as br., to c. 5 cm lg. ; Ar. with (Querétaro; Central Mexico).
white felt and H. ; Sp. 0-1, stout, blackish, to 3 cm
lg., old shoots with 1 to several, sharp, brown ; Glo.
brown; FI. ?; Fr. red, smooth, leafy, with brown Peiecyphora Ehrenbg. (222)
Glo. ; S. pubescent.—Guatemala (Trapichite).
It is apparent in this genus, as for instance in the
P. opuntiaeflora (DC.) Br. & R. three basic growth-forms in Opuntia, that the floral
Bo.tree-like ; branches with a brown rind in age ; L. characters are insufficient in themselves for the
solitary or paired, fleshy, greyish-green, ovate, precise delimitation of naturally-occurring groups
truncate, emarginate or shortly tapering, some­ of species; in the present genus this demarcation
times with a very short petiole, to 3.5 cm lg., 3 cm only recently became possible. At this time only 2
br.; Ar. grey; Sp. missing or sometimes only 1, described species can be included with certainty; in
both of these the tubercles are compressed
stout, terete, sharp, to 6 cm lg. ; FI. solitary, with a
peduncle to 5 mm lg., overall length 3 cm, yellow laterally—hence the name “hatchet-bearer”—and
with a mixed reddish-yellow stripe; Ov. pear- the areoles are correspondingly elongated, with the
shaped, with minute Sc.—Mexico. spines clearly pectinate and appressed; in both
species the tubercles later harden; both also have
P. pititache (Karw.) Br. & R. : Peireskia pititache an almost napiform basal part, and sit rather low in
Karw. the ground. In both species there is also a minute
but + distinct areolar furrow, to which Schumann
P.porteli (Brand.) Br. & R. (T.) drew attention in part. The fruits disintegrate in the
Bo. shrubby, to 1.2m h. ; branches to 3 cm 0 ;L. upper part; they are small and soft, and the seeds
sessile, to 3 cm lg., apiculate, ovate, narrower in are black. The flower resembles that of En-
cultivation; Sp. 0 at first, then 1-2,brown, 3-8 oil cephalocarpus; it and the fruit are naked. Solisia
older shoots, 3-5 cm lg., to 20 on oldest growth; pectinata bears a conspicuous resemblance to the
shootsbrownish by the 2nd year ; Glo.brown ; FI.c. second species, so that the former was first
4 cm 0, yellow; Fr. oblong, to 5 cm lg., orange, described as Peiecyphora although the flowering
with large Ar. and brown Glo. ; S. few, with position and fruit are quite dissimilar; the tubercle-
deciduous white H.—Mexico (Sinaloa; Baja Cal­ shape and spine-arrangement are alike. This shows
ifornia). (Fig. 327.) the importance of a clear-cut delimitation of
characters, with the small genus more accurately
P.rotundifolia(DC.) Br. & R. representing the facts of Nature. This delimitation
Bo. with woody St. ; branches slender, smooth ; L. does not allow the inclusion of “Echinocactus
+ circular, shortly apiculate; Sp. 1, longer; Ar. valdezianus” since the resemblance is in fact only a
white; Glo. few or absent; FI. 3 cm 0 , reddish- rather distant one; it must instead be referred to
yellower. ± ovoid, red, leafy.—Mexico. Gymnocactus. The type-species grows well and is
quite frequently seen in collections, while the
second species is less common.-—Distribution:
P.scandensBr. & R. — Mexico (N. Mexico and San Luis Potosí). [(R).]
Bo. a clambering shrub, to 10m lg. ; branchesgrey, The type-species was used as a remedy by the
terete, smooth; L. ovate, to 2 cm lg., smooth, Mexican Indians who called both it and Loph-
tapering; Ar.white-woolly; Sp. 1, short, 5 mm lg.; ophora “Peyote” or “Peyotillo”.
Glo.brown ; FI.yellow ; Fr.slow to mature, slender,
to 7 cm lg., + tuberculate; S. few.—Mexico P. aselliformis Ehrenbg. (T.)
(Yucatan, Izamal and Merida). Bo. spherical-clavate, to c. 10 cm h., 5.5 cm 0 , later
offsetting to form groups, greyish-green; Tub.
P.spathulata(O.)Br.& R. spiralled, to 5 mm h.; Ar. long; Sp. not pungent, ±
Bo. shrubby, to 2 m h.; branches bluish-green, strongly united apart from the tips which are free,
downy ; L. spatulate, thick, green, to 3 cm lg. ; Ar. very small, longest in the centre of the Ar.; FI. 3 cm
hairy at first; Sp. 1-2,stiff, white below, to 2.5cm 0 and more, bellshaped-funnelform, carmine-
lg. ; Glo.brown; FI. red; S.white.—S. (?) Mexico. violet; S. kidney-shaped.—Mexico (San Luis
Potosí).
P.velutina Rose
Bo. forming dense bushes, to over 1.2 m h.; P. pseudopectinata Backbg.
branches green; L. elliptic to + ovate, 2-6 cm lg., Bo. simple, spherical to + oblong, to c. 6 cm h., 4.4
to 2.5 cm br., dark green, downy on both surfaces ; cm 0 ; Tub. ± 4-sided below, strongly flattened
Sp. few, short ; Glo.present ; Ar.with longer white above; Ar. elongated; Sp. very fine, short, free,
H.; FI. sessile, brilliant yellow; Fr. ?- Mexico pectinate, hyaline, + greyish-yellowish below, c.
408
 —

PELECYPHORA—PENIOCEREUS

-.25 mm lg.; FI.c. 2 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , pale whitish- tepee. [Grafting advisable because of the stout
pink with a deep reddish-brown M.-stripe; Fii.and roots; the plants then grow much better; P.
style pink; Fr. small, dark green.—Mexico (Pal- haackeanus and P. marnieranus are perhaps
millas, N. Mexico). (Fig. 328.) exceptions.]
P. valdeziana and v. albillora Paz.: Gymnocactus P.diguetii(Web.) Backbg.
valdezianus(Moll.) Backbg. and v. albiflorus(Paz.) Bo. forming a bush; R. napiform, thick, to 40 cm
Backbg. lg.; branches thin, scarcely exceeding 1 m(?) in
length, c. 8 mm 0 , to over 3 m lg. has been
observed in grafted plants, tips (seen under a lens)
Peniocereus (Berg.) Br. & R. (131) with dense H. and bristly Sp., epidermisnot downy;
Ri.6-9, very narrow and low, rounded; Ar. white;
Rather slender-stemmed Cerei with thick, tuberous Rsp. c. 10, bristly, white, to 4 mm lg., appressed,
:o napiform roots which in the type-species can dark-tipped; Csp. 2, shorter; all Sp. later falling;
weigh up to 125 lbs. (c. 60 kg). Some species show FI. to 9.5 cm lg., 6 cm 0 , perfumed, white to
dimorphic habit: the shoots normally have several delicate pink; Fr.pear-shaped, scarlet, to 5 cm lg.,
angles at first, later becoming in part terete; 2.5 cm 0 ; S. small, glossy, black.—USA (S.
however there also angular stem-sections on terete Arizona), Mexico (Sonora; Sinaloa, in the NW.,
shoots, possibly marking the new season’s growth. with P. marianus).
Precise data are still missing on this point. The
flowers are nocturnal and mostly white, but P.fosterianusCut.
sometimes varying towards yellowish or light pink. Bo. to 2 m h., shrubby;R. consisting of a main R.
Tube and ovary are set with + stiff, + bristly fine with several carrot-like R.; branches to 1 m lg.,
spines, the red oblong fruit similarly. The status of arising front a very small trunk, 3-5-angled at first,
the genus in Britton and Rose’s Key is not later cyllndric, pencil-thick; Ar. + glabrous; Sp.
satisfactory, since it would preclude the segregation minute, mostly 6, in part subulate and thickened
of Acanthocereus and Peniocereus; the same below, 1 more central, all dark brown to black, at
applies to the floral sketch, Fig. 167, Vol. II, “The first also 6-8 Br.-Sp., white to yellowish-brown, to
Cactaceae”, with the note: “funnel-like”. There is 3 mm lg.;FI. to 10 cm lg., white; Fr. ?— Mexico
the additional point that Wilcoxia, judged by the (Guerrero, S. of Tierra Colorada).
same criteria, is equally difficult to delimit since this
genus appears to have flowers which are also open P.greggii(Eng.) Br. & R. (T.)
at night; this has resulted in some species being Bo. a lax shrub, to 3 m h.; R.to 60 cm 0 ; branches
:ttle clarified (P, marianus), in fact even in the from a short little trunk, to 2.5 cm 0 , downy at
erection of a new genus (Neoevansia), but still first, 3-6-angled, angles acute; Sp. short, firm, at
without any clear demarcation between Acantho­ most 2 mm lg., Rsp. 6-9, quite often also 1-2 Csp.,
cereus and Peniocereus. This reinforces the argu­ thickened below, mostly dropping, blackish; FI.
ment that the small genus demands precise 15-20 cm lg., white or yellowish-white; Fr.scarlet,
observations; in the meantime it has been found beaked-ovoid, slender, to 6.5 cm lg., with de­
that in Peniocereus alone the perianth is directed ciduous Sp.; S. black.—USA (S. States except
strongly downwards at anthesis while the anthers, California), Mexico (Sonora; Chihuahua; Zac­
closely grouped around the style, are still atecas).
erect! This feature is unknown in Acanthocereus, Engelmann distinguished a v. transmontanus(Eng.)
or in Wilcoxia with its funnelform flowers, which with the Tu. much more slender than in the type,
must be regarded as day-flowering even although and narrower Pet.
the blooms are, in one instance, open at night; In habitat simultaneous flowering has been noted,
however this occurs in other day-flowering genera. i.e. most plants of the spec, flower at the same time.
Until such time as the typical perianth-positions in
Acanthocereus and Peniocereus have been clari­ P.haackeanusBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill :12
fied, it remains problematical to which genus 1963.
Acanthocereus maculatus should be referred; Bo. an ascending shrub; R. probably napiform;
Cutak had referred it to Peniocereus; but recently it branchesto over 40cm lg., c. 2-2.5cm 0 , green; Ri.
was found that the inner petals stand + erect at narrow, rounded, 7-9at first, later also to 10,5mm
anthesis, giving a funnel-like form, instead of being h.; Ar. 1.3-1.5 cm apart, whitish; Sp. c. 12-18,
bent downwards. This proved that Weingart and 3-3.5 mm lg., longer ones pointing downwards,
H. Bravo had correctly included the species in stiff-bristly, whitish, without any distinguishable
Acanthocereus.—Distribution: USA (S. States but Csp.; FI. to 11 cm lg., 7.5 cm 0 ; Pet. pale pink;
not California), W. Mexico to the Rio Tehuan- Sep. ± brownish-red; nectary narrow, long; Tu.
409
PENIOCEREUS

brownish to dark green, Ar. fairly distant; Ov. length.—Mexico (Sonora, Cerros de Topolo-
densely tuberculate, with c. 7-11 thin Br.-Sp., Ar. bampo, Navachiste and Rio San Miguel, on the
white; FI. with a rather acid but agreeable perfume; right bank down to the sea.) FI. open at sundown,
Fr. + ovoid, to c. 7 cm lg., to 5 cm 0 , purple inside close towards 10 o’clock the following day.
and out; S. c. 4 mm lg., 2.8 mm thick, smooth,
glossy, black.—Mexico (?). (Fig. 329, 330.) Has the P. marksianus Schwarz, a catalogue-name 1955;
finest FI. of the genus; named for the nurseryman, not described.
W. Haacke, of Antibes, France. The type-plant is in
the collection of J. Marnier-Lapostolle, St.-Jean, P.marnieranusBackbg. n.sp.
Cap-Ferrat. Bo. shrubby, climbing, dimorphic ; branches short
at first, to c. 12 cm lg., brownish, 3-4-angled,
P.johnstoniiBr.& R. clustered, readily detached and thus propagating
Bo. a clambering shrub, to 3 m lg.; R. a massive rapidly ; Ar.very crowded, almost forming a stripe ;
taproot, weighing to 14 lbs. (c. 7 kg).; branches(and Sp. whitish, appressed; later, from the young
St.) 3-5-angled, not downy at first; Ri. 3-5, angles growths which are constricted above, there arise
sinuate; Ar. rather prominent at first; Rsp. 9-12, the actual 4-angled shoots to c. 3.5 cm 0, rarely
brown to black, or the upper ones black, thickened with 5 Ri.; Ri. ± pressed sideways above; Sp.
below, 2 lower Sp. light brown, elongated, bristly- carmine at first, c. 5, projecting, sometimes with
fine, recurved; Csp. 1-3, subulate, to 8 mm lg.; FI. 2-3 Br. c. 2 mm lg., all soon whitish; Rsp. 5, thin-
c. 15cm lg., colour not known; Tu. with brownish subulate, 5-18 mm lg., scarcely thickened below;
felt and Br.-Sp.; Fr. oblong-ovoid, 6 cm lg., with Csp. 1, porrect, to c. 2 cm lg., ± thickened below;
black Sp.; S. glossy, black.—Baja California (in the FI. 5.2 cm lg., 4 cm 0, with the Per. bent
S. and on San Jose island). downwards; Sep.brownish ; Pet.faintly brownish-
white; Tu. 4.5 cm lg., 1 cm 0, dirty reddish-green,
P. macdougalliiCut. with thin pale Sp. ; Ov. + oblong, spineless, Ar.
Bo. shrubby, to 3 m lg.; R. large, napiform; very crowded, with brownish felt-cushions ; Fr. ?—
branches3-angled, arising from a small thick trunk Mexico (found by MacDougall, no locality stated).
to 6.5 cm thick, to 1.35 m lg., angles scarcely (Fig. 331 and 5, right.)
sinuate, young shoots sometimes with up to 6 The type-plant, which I saw in the Botanical
angles; Ar. to 4 cm apart, ^vhite at first; Sp.mostly Garden “Les Cèdres’’, is remarkable for its wealth
3-4, sometimes inconspicuous, often quite elon­ of FI. which are often closely ranged, one above the
gated and fairly stoutly acicular; FI. to 9 cm lg., other, resembling a chain. I named the spec, for Mr.
scarcely perfumed, greenish-white; Tu. reddish- J. Marnier-Lapostolle who allowed me, over a long
green, brown-felty, with fine whitish-reddish Sp.; period of time, to check the text of this Lexicon, or
Ov. dark green.—Mexico (Oaxaca, Cerro Arenal, to supplement it, from his ample living material.
Rio Tequisitlan, Rio Tehuantepec),
v. centrispinus Backbg.: Ri. narrow, rounded P.occidentalisH. Bravo—Cact. y. Suc. Mex., VIII :
above, relatively prominent, 4, dark green; Rsp. 4, 79-82. 1963.
in number ± as in the type, to 1.5 cm lg., white; Bo. an erect shrub; Ri. winged, 4-5 at first, later
Csp. 1, to 2.5 cm lg.; FI. 8 cm lg., 4-4.5 cm 0 , 6-7, dark green, smooth; Ar. small, with yellowish
white; Sep.and Tu.brownish-red, Sp. reddish.— wool ; Rsp. 5 at first, later to 10, 2-4 mm lg. ;Csp. 1
Mexico (in the S. ?). at first, later to 3, 3-4 mm lg., all dark brown ; FI.
The plant illustrated in "Die Cact.”, Vol. VI, p. funnelform, to 8 cm lg. ; Tu. dark brownish-green :
3843, Fig. 3480 left, with 3 Ri. and very crowded Ov. dark green, with Sp. 1-2 mm lg., those on the
Ar., is not a sterile shoot of the variety, but Tu. 1-2, to 5 mm lg., they and the Ar. pale
probably a new and undescribed spec. brownish; Pet. cream with a pink sheen, cream
above ; stylecream ; Sti.8, cream ; Fr.ovoid, 3.5 cm
P. maculatus (Wgt.) Cut.: Acanthocereus mac- lg., red with a purple tinge, with 8 greyish-brown
ulatusWgt. Sp. to 1 cm lg.; S. 3.5 mm lg., glossy, black.—
Mexico (Oaxaca, 20 km from Pochutla on the
P. marianus (Gentry) H. Sanchez-Mej.—Cact. y coastal road to Rio Copalito, in dry scrub, also in
Sue. Mexicanas 7: 4, 85-91. 1962 (Wilcoxia the vicinity of Puerto Escondido). Shoots in this
mariana Gentry, Publ. Carn. Inst. Wash. No. 527 spec, are never terete ; Sp. fairly short.
(Rio Mayo PI.), 191. 1942).
Bo. little branching, squarrose-shrubby, + erect P.roseiG. Ortega
(acc. photo, Sanchez-Mej.); Ri. slightly tuber­ Bo. erect, to 2 m lg., shoots recurved; R. conical-
culate, with projecting Sp.; FI.white; Tu. strongly napiform, to 10cm 0; branches30-80cmlg., to 1.5
tuberculate, Tub. crowded throughout the entire cm 0 , with slight, distant marbling, or light green
410
 PENIOCEREUS—PHELLOSPERMA

with dark marks beneath the Ar.; Ri.4-5, but the 1.7 cm lg., apical, white; Pet. rounded; Tu. 1 mm
branches soon becoming cylindric; Sp. 1-2 at first, lg., nectary scarcely recognizable; Ov.6 mm lg. and
ater 8-9, also longer ones directed downwards, to 6 mm br.; Fil.,styleand Sti.white; Ov. green;
yellow, thin, all sometimes completely absent; FI. Fr. 1.5 cm lg., spherical, yellowish-green, white-
10 cm 0 , white; Pet. described as “ + erect, with bristly; S. 1.2 mm lg., semi-matt, black, curving.—
recurving Sep.”, so probably not seen at anthesis, Bolivia (Dept. Santa Cruz, Prov. Florida, Mataral)
but long and narrow, typical of the genus; Fr.3 cm (FR 363).
g., red, spiny; pulp red; S. coffee-brown.—Mexico v. floccosaRitt.—l.c.: Ar. larger, more woolly, to
Sinaloa, close to the sea). 2 mm 0 (in v. mataralensis only 1.5 mm 0 ) ; Sp.
rather stouter.—Bolivia (Dept. Cochabamba,
Pereskia and Pereskiopsis: see under Peireskiaand Prov. Campero, Quiroga) (FR 881).
Peireskiopsis.
P. multigona Card.—“Cactus” (Paris), 19-82,
Peruvocereus Akers:HaageocereusBackbg. 51-52. 1964.
Bo. hanging; shoots thin, rounded, to 25 cm lg.,
pale green, to 1cm 0 ; Ri.c. 7, tuberculate; Ar. to 7
Pfeiffera SD. (51) mm apart, round, prominent, pale brown; Sp.
acicular, very thin, 6-7, 3-10 mm lg., pale brown;
Small erect cereoid shrubs, growing on rocks or Csp. occasionally 1; FI. apical, 1.5 cm lg., white;
epiphytic, but without aerial roots. Ribs few in Pet. c. 9; Fr. spherical, pale yellow, c. 1 cm 0 ,
number. The small diurnal flowers have only a very watery; S. 1.2 mm lg., glossy, black.—Bolivia
>hort tube, the ovary and the small fruit are spiny. (Prov. Azero, Dept. Chuquisaca, road from
Distribution: Bolivia (Chaco or SE. region) to N. Monteagudo to Camiri, 1100 m). An interesting
Argentina (NE. to Catamarca and La Rioja). [(R).] spec., clearly differentiated by its subterete and
finely tuberculate shoots.
P. erectaRitt.—“Taxon”, XIII: 3, 116. 1964.
Bo. erect, to 30cm h., little branching; shoots6-12 Ritter also mentions the following newly named
mm 0 ; Ri.5-7,to 2.5mm h.; Ar.white, round, 3-5 spec.: P. gibberosperma Ritt.; P. gracilis Ritt.,
mm apart; Sp. 12-16, thin, whitish, 4-10 mm lg.; “very slender, with many Ri. and thin Sp.” ; P.
FI. 1.5 cm lg., white; Pet. obtuse above, em- tarijensis Ritt., “weakly spined”, Ri. fairly low (FR
arginate; Tu. without a nectary; Ov. with minute 880).
red Sc. and fine white Br.; Fil.,styleand Sti.white;
Fr. 1cm lg., dark green, with thin white Br.; S. 1.5
mm lg., glossy, black, smooth.—Bolivia (Dept. Phellosperma Br. & R. (229)
Santa Cruz, Prov. Valle Grande, W. of Valle
Grande, on the slopes down to the Rio Mizque) Mammillaria-like plants, becoming oblong even­
iFR 883). tually, spination in habitat dense and white, with
long-projecting dark hooked spines. The fun-
P.ianthothele(Monv.) Web. (T.) nelform flowers appearing from older axils have a
Bo. erect to hanging, moderately branching; fairly long tube; the seeds have a large corky aril
branchespale green, to c. 50 cm lg., to 2 cm thick, almost as large as the seed itself; only Blossfeldia
often suffused violet near the Ar.; Ri. (3-)4, acute, seeds show a comparable structure. Britton and
sinuate; Ar. round, white-felty, with deciduous Rose named the genus from this corky appendage,
little Sc.; Sp. bristly, 6-7, under 5 mm lg., since it signifies “cork-seed” ; it has been used for
yellowish; FI. to 2.2 cm lg., to 1.5 cm br.; Sep. quite 40 years and is retained here on account of
purplish-red to pink; Pet. creamy-white; Ov. this unique principal feature, and because any
obtusely 5-angled, brownish-green, with white attempt to re-classify it would demand correspond­
prickles; Fr. 1 cm 0 , spherical, translucent, ing treatment for many other groups of species
pinkish-red; S. numerous, small, black.—Bolivia, within the entire family; and this is neither possible
Argentina. (Fig. 332.) nor necessary. These attractive plants seldom last
long in cultivation on their own roots, yet they
P. mataralensis Ritt.—“Taxon”, XIII: 3, 115: become bloated if grafted.—Distribution: USA (S.
1964. Utah, SE. California, Arizona, reputedly also in
Bo. hanging from trees, to 20 cm lg., branching; Nevada), Mexico (N. Baja California). [(G).]
shoots7.5-12.5 mm br.; Ri.(3-)4-7(-8), 3-5 mm h.,
sometimes as prominent as in the type-species; Ar. P.tetrancistra(Eng.) Br. & R. (T.)
white, 5-10 mm apart; Sp. 9-15, 4-8 mm lg., thin- Bo. simple or caespitose, to 30 cm lg., to 7 cm 0 ;
acicular, yellow or brown, finest ones white; FI.to Tub. rounded; Isp. 8: 13; Ax. naked; Rsp. 30-60,
411
PHELLOSPERMA-PILOCOPIAPOA

white, sometimes brown-tipped, 5-10 mm lg., “revision” (see Pediocactus). The rotate flowers
densely interlacing; Csp. (l-)4, stouter, tipped arise just below the meristem; they are densely
brown to black, lighter below, upper ones to 7 mm scaly and glabrous, as are also the naked, dry fruits
lg., lower one hooked, to 9 mm lg.; FI. to 4.5 cm lg., which dehisce by a gaping lateral split.—
3.5 cm 0 , purple with a lighter border; Fr, red, Distribution: W. Arizona.
oblong, to 3.5 cm lg.; S. c. 2 mm lg.—Distribution:
as above. (Fig. 333.) P. paradinei (B. W. Bens.) B. W. Bens. & Backbg.
(T.)
Bo. spherical, with a longer basal section, to 4 cm
h., to 8 cm 0 , greyish or bluish-green; R. napiform,
Philippicereus Backbg. (84) to 15 cm lg.; Tub. 5 mm h.; Rsp. at first (in
juveniles) c. 16, at most 16 mm lg., later to c. 20;
This genus is closely related to Eulychnia, as Csp. eventually to 6, scarcely differentiated, some
evidenced by the top- to bell-shaped flower. A tube to 7 cm lg., all hyaline, sometimes indistinctly
in the true sense is virtually missing; half the overall flecked above; FI. rotate, 1.2 cm lg., 2.2 cm 0 ,
length of the flower is taken up by the rather large creamy-white, sometimes with a pink M.-stripe;
seed-cavity. An unusual character, and one which Fr.small-ovoid; S. matt, black, to 3 mm lg.—USA
is of vital diagnostic importance to the genus, is the (Arizona, Flouse Rock Valley, NE. Mohave
long and rather stoutly bristly, almost spiny County, N. Kaibab Plateau). [G.] (Fig. 335.)
indumentum of the nocturnal flower; this is absent
in all the Eulychnia species, so that Philippicereus Pilocereus K. Sch. non Lem.: Pilosocereus Byl. &
must be placed before the former genus in the line Rowl,
of reduction of shoot-characters. At one time the
relatively low habit and the formation of large
colonies were considered to be diagnostic features, Pilocereus Lem.: CephalocereusPfeiff.
but this has more recently been noted as occurring
also in Eulychnia procumbens. Earlier descriptions Pilocereus houlletii Lem.: see Pilosocereus sar-
gave bristles as occurring only in the upper part of torianus (Rose) Byl. & Rowl.
the fruit; however the herbarium material- I
examined showed that the bristly indumentum is at
least variable, i.e. it may be present lower down
also.—Distribution: Chile (von Los Molles to Los Pilocopiapoa Ritt. (128)
Vilos). [(R) ]
Plants forming large mounds, resembling the
P.castaneus(Phil.) Backbg. (T.) species of Copiapoa in flower-form and dehiscence
Bo.to 1m h., in colonies up to 20 m br.; St. to 8 cm of the fruits, but the ovaries, tubes and fruits are
0 , branching from the base, sometimes de­ hairy. This genus is particularly interesting since in
cumbent ;Ri.9-11, low, rounded; Ar.large, round; this case Ritter has followed my principle for
Rsp. 8-10, 5-20 mmlg.; Csp. 1, 6-10 cm lg., stout, segregation, i.e. on the successive reduction of the
porrect; all Sp. yellow at first, brown-tipped, later indumentum. Seeds glossy, black.—Distribution:
greyish-white; FI. 3-5 cm lg., very woolly, white or Chile (lat. 24°, inland). [Cultivation: ?; seedlings
pink, with stout brown Br. c. 1.5 cm lg.; Fr. 5 cm lg., appear to grow well.]
bristly and woolly; S. 1.5 mm lg., matt, black.—
Chile (as above, and in Coquimbo, near Taliney). P. Solaris Ritt. (T.)
(Fig. 334.) Bo. with many heads, forming tall mounds, to over
1 m h. and 2 m 0 , single heads to 12 cm 0 , greyish-
Phyllocactus Lk.: Epiphyllum(Flerm.) Flaw. green, not frosted; crown woolly, flat; Ri.
(8—)9(—11), not tuberculate; Ar.yellowish-brown at
first; Rsp. 7-10, 1.5-5 cm lg.; Csp.2-5, 2-6 cm lg.:
Sp. light yellowish-brownish at first, stout, rigid,
Pilocanthus B. W. Bens. & Backbg. (208) minutely rough, + curving; FI. to 3 cm lg. and 0 .
perfumed, pinkish-yellow to carmine; Fr. green to
Plants mostly solitary, the spines short at first but red, to 1.5 cm lg., with acute dry Sc. and white
succeeded by others which are very long and hair­ wool.—N. Chile (E. of Cobre). (Fig. 336.)
like, and unique among the spherical cacti. The fact Rumpler describes Echus. bridgesii as having a
that L. Benson, in his classification into sections hairy FI., so it may be identical with the above, or
according to spine-character, united this particular possibly it is a further spec, (see also under
genus with Pediocactus, says little to justify his Copiapoa bridgesii).
412
 PILOSOCEREUS

Pilosocereus Byl. & Rowl. (175) earlier distributions, or the processes contributing
to their present occurrence.
\ genus with a very wide distribution; flowers + The species of this genus are mostly very vigorous
shaped-funnelform and glabrous apart from and not nearly as difficult as was once assumed on
-e rudimentary indumentum in SG.l — the basis of their origin in warmer latitudes. For
. --racteristic of the reduction-process in the this reason they need only be grafted if growth has
-airiness of the flowering zone which is very to be speeded up; where they are planted out,
¿nable in the genus: the apical areoles have longer grafting is not necessary. Species from warmer
■¿.rs, the lateral areoles show ± longer hair- regions should not be kept too cool in winter.
elopment in the flowering region, but this is
nularly variable, i.e. the species may at times P.alensis(Web.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
I : wer lower down on the sides, or only in the upper Bo. to 6 m h., branching from the base; St.bluish-
part of the stem. The hairs of the flowering green, fairly slender; Ri.12-14; Sp. 10-14, acicular,
:: re can also vary in length and density, with or c. 1-1.5 cm lg., brownish; Pseudo-Ceph. yellowish
-r.hout spine-modification. In some species, and to whitish, to 5 cm lg., inconspicuous at the apex,
quite independently of the hairs in the flowering stronger in the long, ± one-sided flowering zone;
>ections, a veritable cap of hairs develops at the FI. light purple to purplish-green.—W. Mexico
_pex. There are thus all degrees of hair- (Jalisco, Sierra de Alo).
elopment, with their reduction to the point of
absence, so that there is no constant cephalium- P.arenicola(Werd.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
f: rmation such as exists in the genera bearing true Bo.to 5 m h., tree-like; branchesgreyish-green, to 7
: erhalia; while these may vary very widely in form, cm 0 ; Ri.6(-7); Ar. thick, grey; Rsp. 8-9; Csp. c.
they are constant throughout the species of any 6; all Sp. to c. 1.5 cm lg., yellow to brownish;
genus; for this reason the term “pseudo- Pseudo-Ceph. whitish to yellowish in the apex,
: ;phalium”, often used in rather different senses, is longer, more flocky and dense on the flanks; FI. ±
sirictly applicable only to Pilosocereus. A similar subapical, colour ?—Brazil (N. Bahia, between
..ne of reduction is apparent in the height of the Saure and Aracy).
r Tnts: from large, much-branching trees down to
rants attaining only |-metre in height. The P.arrabidae(Lem.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
i abrous fruit, however, shows great uniformity Bo. shrubby, sometimes to 3 m h., branching from
-I'.hin the genus; it is always depressed-spherical below; branches pale green, to 10 cm 0 , frosted,
and, so far as known, it is + furrowed or wrinkled bluish; Ki. c. 6-8, + tuberculate; Ar. soon
above, with persistent floral remains; the pulp is glabrous; Sp. 5-10, unequal, 8-9 radials, 1-2 Csp.
: ften red, the seeds uniformly of average size and to 4 cm lg., subulate, other Sp. acicular; Pseudo-
— glossy black or dark brownish. Unification Ceph. longer at the apex, lax, soon falling, missing
nthin Cephalocereus Pfeiff., or some collective in the flowering zone; FI. high on the flanks, to 7 cm
genus of this name, is unacceptable in view of the lg., white; Fr. 5 cm0".—Brazil (around Rio de
foregoing. Of the described species, 4 have not been Janeiro).
satisfactorily clarified. I have subdivided the genus
as follows, on the basis of the incomplete or P. aurilanatus Ritt. (FR 1325): not yet described;
complete reduction of areolar hair or felt: “FI.-shoots with golden wool”.
SG. 1: Mediopilocereus Backbg.: flowers with
traces of felt; hair absent on the stems. P. aurisetus(Werd.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-a)
SG.2: Pilosocereus: flowers completely glab­ Bo.to 1 m h., branching from below; branchesto 6
rous: cm 0 , frosted, blue, to 6 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 15, flat; Ar.
A: Areolar hair completely missing whitish-grey, with H. 1 cm lg.; all Sp. finely
B: Areolar hair present: acicular, numerous, to 2.5 cm lg., to 5 cm lg. and
a : flowering zone with modified bristly bristly in the flowering zone, translucent, golden-
spines yellow ; Pseudo-Ceph.longer in the flowering zone;
b : flowering zone without modified bristly FI. to 5 cm lg., whitish; Fr.and S. ?—Brazil (Minas
spines Geraes, Serro do Cipo).
The figures and letters in brackets after the specific
names refer to the above divisions.—Distribution: P. backebergii(Wgt.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
from Mexico, through Central America and the W. Bo. tree-like, to 5 m h.; branches green, blue-
Indies, to N. Peru and Central Brazil. This range frosted, 7-12 cm 0 ; Ri.9; Rsp. 6-9, pungent, thin,
almost completely overlaps that of Melocactus, to 1.5 cm lg.; Csp. 1, to 3 cm lg.; Sp. white, horn-
with the same extension south of the Equator, and coloured below; Pseudo-Ceph. lax to dense and
challenges us to attempt some reconstruction of longer above, the Ar. of the flowering zone with
413
PILOSOCEREUS

discrete tufts of white H.; FI. higher or lower on the longer and stouter; FI. to 10 cm lg., bellshaped,
shoot, yellowish-green, whitish inside; Fr. violet- dirty greenish-white, arising from a hairless
red.—Venezuela (Puerto Cabello). flowering zone.—Origin? Perhaps a hybrid or,
because of the relatively long FI., not referable
P.bahamensis (Britt.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b) here?
Bo. tree-like, to 4 m h.; branchesto 9 cm 0 , matt,
green; Ri. 10-11; Sp. acicular, spreading, ascend­ P.catingicola(Giirke) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
ing, to 3 cm lg., yellow at first, dark below, then Bo.tree-like, to 8 m h., with a thick trunk; branches
yellowish-brown to brown; hair-developmentshort greyish-green, not frosted, 8-12 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 4-5,
to missing in the crown, sparse or missing in the to 4cm h.; Ar.greyish-white; Rsp.8-12, to 1cm lg.,
flowering zone; FI. high on the flanks, to 6 cm lg., ± appressed; Csp. 5-8, to 10 cm lg. on the trunk,
white washed pink; Tu. bluish.—Bahamas (Berry elsewhere to 3 cm lg.; all Sp.subulate, yellowish to
Islands). horn-coloured; Pseudo-Ceph. denser and to 2 cm
lg. at the apex, weak in the flowering zone; FI. 8 cm
P.barbadensis(Br. & R.)Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b) lg., white.—Brazil (Bahia, in the Catinga).
Bo. shrubby, ascending, to 6 m h.; branchesglossy,
green; Ri. 8-9, fairly prominent; Sp. numerous, P.chrysacanthus(Web.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
acicular, light brown, to 4 cm lg.; Pseudo-ceph. Bo. branching from the base, to 5 m h.; branches
inconspicuous at the apex, laterally in + con­ green, frosted blue towards the tip; Ri. 9-12; Sp.
tiguous tufts of sometimes longer H.; FI. to 6 cm 12-15, to 4cm lg., yellow; Pseudo-Ceph.strong and
lg., light pink; Tu. greenish below, red above.— white at the tip, stout and flocky in the flowering
Barbados. zone; FI. subapical, whitish to + pinkish-red.—
Mexico (Puebla, Tehuacan; Oaxaca).
P.bradei(Backbg. & Voll) Byl. & Rowl. (2A)
Bo. shrubby, 2 m h.; branchesfrosted, sky-blue, to P.chrysostele(Vpl.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
8 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 10, acutely cross-furrowed; Ar.grey; Bo. freely branching, to 5 m h., sometimes with a
Sp.: on sterile shoots c. 6 Rsp. and 1-2 Csp., to 2 cm small trunk; branches fresh green, to 9 cm 0 ; Ri.
lg., all chocolate-brown, fertile shoots often 20-30; Ar.with a few H. to 2 cm lg.; Sp.c. 30, not
spineless; Pseudo-Ceph.absent; FI. c. 7 cm lg., 3 cm differentiated, those in the flowering zone modified,
O, greenish-white.—Brazil (Diamantina). bristly and to several cm lg., otherwise brownish,
finely acicular, to 2 cm lg.; Br.-Sp. of the flowering
P.brasiliensis(Br. & R.) Backbg. (2B-b) zone borne only on the west side; Pseudo-Ceph.
Bo. shrubby, branching from below, to 3 m h.; consisting of longer H. in the flowering zone; FI. 5
branches greyish-green, at most slightly frosted at cm lg., olive-green to whitish.—Brazil (Per­
first; Ri. 4-5, fairly prominent, becoming flatter nambuco, in the interior).
below; Ar. crowded, surmounted by ascending
furrows; Rsp. few, very short, brown, acicular; P.claroviridis(Backbg.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
Csp. l(-2) to 2 cmlg., brown; Pseudo-Ceph. denser Bo. tree-like, several m h.; branches light green,
in the crown, to 2 cm lg., weak and inconspicuous weakly frosted, 6-8 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 7; Ar.white; Rsp.
in the flowering zone; FI. 5 cm lg., white.—Brazil 10-12, thin, yellowish, irregularly long, sometimes
(near Rio de Janeiro). appressed; Csp. 1-3, similarly; Pseudo-Ceph.:
short decurrent discrete tufts of white H., apex
P.brooksianus(Br. & R.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b) moderately hairy; FI. also appearing lower on the
Bo. branching from below, to 6 m h.; branches flanks, probably as in P. moritzianus.—Venezuela
robust, frosted, bluish-green; Ri. 8-9; Ar. closely (below Caracas).
spaced, + confluent in the flowering zone; Sp. to
16, yellow, thin, to 3 cm lg., + equal; Pseudo-Ceph. IP. coerulescens (FR 1326): no description avail-
silky and dense in the crown, in thick, longer, I able.
rounded tufts in the flowering zone; FI. to 6 cm lg.,
high on the flanks, unscented, purple.—Cuba P.collinsii(Br. & R.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
(Oriente and Santa Clara). Bo. shrubby, to 3 m h.; branches bluish-green,
frosted above, to 4 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 7, moderately
I P. carolinensis (FR 1217): no description available. prominent; Ar. fairly close; Sp. numerous,
acicular, c. 10 Rsp., 1 stouter Csp., mostly to c. 2.2
P.catalani(Rice.) Byl. & Rowl. (2A) cm lg., longest ones sometimes 3^1 cm lg., all dark
A scarcely known spec. Overall height and colour brown, soon black; Pseudo-Ceph.: strong H-
of shoots not known; Ri.6, obtuse, thick; Rsp.6-8; development at the apex, white, that of the
Csp. 1-2; Sp.greyish-black, c. 5 mm lg., Csp. rather flowering zone moderately strong, flocky; FI.
414
 PILOSOCEREUS

subapical, 5 cm lg., whitish.—Mexico (Oaxaca, Bo. shrubby, branching from the base, to 2 m h.;
Tehuantepec). branches first greyish then yellowish-green, to 10
cm 0 ; Ri. 5; Ar. grey; Rsp. 6-8; Csp. 0-6; all Sp.
P. colombianus(Rose) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b) irregular, first light brown, darker below, in the
Bo. to 6 m h., branching from midway; branches flowering zone to 11, equal, 1 cm lg., enveloped in
erect; Ri. 7, rather obtuse; Sp. 25 and more, long, wool; Pseudo-Ceph.: apex and upper Ar. with
thin; Pseudo-Ceph. rather long, white, lax, extend­ greyish-brownish to brownish wool 4-5 mm lg.,
ing down for 1 m below the apex; FI. 7 cm lg., pale flowering zone with laxly decurrent, flocky-hairy
rink.—Colombia (Venticas del Dagua). tufts; FI. 5 cm lg., greenish-white.—Brazil
Rose provided insufficient data. A spec, from the (Diamantina). Originally described as Pilocereus
N. coast, as follows, is more probably not referable floccosus Backbg. & Voll non Lem.
here: Bo. tree-like; branches light to leaf-green,
■ ariable; Ri.8; Ar.with pendant H.; Sp.to 10 Rsp., P. gaumeri (Br. & R.) Backbg. (2B-b)
Csp. scarcely differentiated, 1-4, brown, to 5 cm Bo. shrubby, to 6 m h.; brancheslight green, to c. 3
lg.; FI. 7 cm lg., whitish, arising from only cm 0 , rarely to 6 cm 0 ; Ri. 8-9; Sp. numerous,
moderately hairier Ar.; Fr.flattened-spherical, red acicular, 15-25, 1-5 cm lg., yellowish-brown at
inside and out.—Colombia (Pto. Colombia). first; Pseudo-Ceph. laxly web-like at the apex,
1 proposed this spec, should be named P. klusa- flowering zone with scattered tufts of H.; FI. 5-7 cm
oekii; Sp. on newer growth are reddish-brown. lg., light green.—Mexico (Yucatan).
P. cometes(Scheidw.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b) P.gironensisRauh & Backbg. (2B-b)
Bo. shrubby, laxly ascending, several m h.; Bo. shrubby, squarrosely branching, from the base
branchesto c. 10cm 0 , greyish-green; Ri.c. 12-15; and higher; branchescurving and ascending, often
Sp. 12-15, yellowish, to 2 cm lg., later also longer unsightly, + frosted, bluish-green; Ri. to 8, with
and + pointing downwards; Pseudo-Ceph.lax and shallow cross-furrows; Rsp.later c. 9; Csp. 1-2; Sp.
longer at the apex, the flowering zone with tufts of acicular-subulate, later also to 14, some stouter;
whitish wool at intervals; FI. high on the flank, Pseudo-Ceph. lax or dense and rather longer at the
white; Fr.green.—Mexico. apex, flowering zone with mop-like pendant
skeins.—Ecuador (Giron Pasaje).
P. cuyabensis(Backbg.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
Bo. shrubby, height ?; branchesgreyish-green, to 6 P. glaucescens(Lab.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
cm 0 , faintly frosted; Ri.10(—11), to 8 mm h.; Ar.3 Bo. tree-like, to 6 m h., with a trunk; branches
mm apart; Sp. c. 15, Csp. not differentiated, all frosted, light blue, to 10 cm 0 ; Ri. 8-10; Ar.
acicular, yellowish-brown, longest ones to 1.8 cm silvery-grey, with some pendant H. to 2 cm lg.; Rsp.
lg.: Pseudo-Ceph. denser but still lax on the more 13-18 ;Csp. 5-7; all Sp. equal, to 1.5 cm lg., outer
frosted shoot-tip; FI. white.—Brazil (near ones yellowish-white, inner ones brownish, +
Cuyaba). thickened below; Pseudo-Ceph. sparse and short at
the apex, flowering zone strongly white-woolly; FI.
P. deeringii (Small) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b) to c. 7 cm lg., white.—Brazil (Central Bahia to
Bo. shrubby, to 10 m h.; branches erect, rather Central Minas Geraes, Diamantina).
slender, few, deep green to lighter; Ri. (9—
) 10; Sp.
25-30, to 1 cm lg., acicular; Pseudo-Ceph.: H. P.glaucochrous(Werd.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
moderately long and lax at the apex, flowering zone Bo. erectly shrubby, moderately branching, to 4 m
with woolly tufts, either more crowded or more h., frosted, light blue; branchesslender, to 7 cm 0
distant; FI. 6 cm lg., probably white; Fr. dark at most; Ri. acutely cross-furrowed, to c. 9; Ar.in
red.—USA (Florida, Rocky Hammocks). the crown with white wool to 4 cm lg., with whitish-
grey felt, flowering zone with H. to c. 3 cm lg.; Rsp.
P. densiareolatus Ritt., not described; “blue” (FR 9-12, to 1.5(-2) cm lg.; Csp. c. 3-4, sometimes to 5
957). cm lg., stouter; all Sp. translucently straw-
coloured; Pseudo-Ceph.: to 3 cm lg. at the apex,
P. densilanus Ritt. (FR 960), not described: “with otherwise tufted; FI. to 5.5 cm lg.; Pet. pink to
white H.”. whitish; Fr. to 5 cm 0 , frosted greenish or faintly
reddish; S. over 1 mm lg., black, glossy.—Brazil
P diamantina Ritt., not described (perhaps (Bahia, Serra d’Espinha?o, near Morro Chapeo).
Pilosocereus sp. 3 in “Die Cact.”, Vol. 4.2467.1960
?) P.gounellei(Web.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
Bo. to 2-3 m lg., with a short trunk over 8 cm 0 ;
P.floccosusByl. & Rowl. (2B-b) branches often spreading horizontally, then curv-
415
 PILOSOCEREUS

ing upwards or sometimes prostrate, to 8 cm 0 ; Ri. Sp. c. 15, to 1.5 cm lg., acicular, yellow; Pseudo-
10-11, + tuberculate; Ar. large, upper ones 1.5 cm Ceph. : apical H. very short to missing, those in the
across; Rsp. c. 15-24, brown; Csp. 4-6, brown, flowering zone only short, white, becoming grey ;
rigid, pungent, to 10 cm lg., subulate; Pseudo- FI. high on the flanks, brownish-purple, 6 cm lg. ;
Ceph.: a meagre white tuft in the apex, flowering Fr. reddish.—USA (Florida, on the Keys). Prob­
zone with flocky white to brown tufts of H.; FL to 9 ably no longer growing wild.
cm lg., whitish; Fr.green at first, then red.—Brazil
(Pernambuco, Bahia). P. klusacekii Backbg. : see Pilosocereus col-
v. zehntneri (Br. & R.) Byl. & Rowl.: branches ombianus (Rose) Byl. & Rowl.
more slender, to 4 cm 0 ; Ar. rather more
distant; Sp. to 30, light yellow, Csp. scarcely P. lanuginosus (L.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
differentiated, mostly not longer but oc­ Bo. a tall shrub to 8 m h., with a trunk to 25 cm 0 ,
casionally to c. 3-4 cm lg.—Brazil (Bahia, Serra ± freely branching; branches to 8 cm 0 , bluish-
de Tiririca). green, strongly blue at first ; Ri. (7—)8(—13) ; Ar. with
H. to 2 cm lg. ; Sp. 10-20,9-15 of these Rsp., Csp. c.
P.guerreronis(Backbg.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b) 1-5, all acicular, 1.5-5 cm lg., yellow to yellowish-
Bo. shrubby, to 4 m h.; branches ascending, light green, becoming brownish to black, sometimes
green, not frosted; Ri. 9-10, to 1.4 cm h.; sP. contorted or fibrous ; Pseudo-Ceph. with lax H. to 2
10—15, scarcely differentiated, unequal, 0.2-5 cm cm lg. at the apex, flowering zone with more
lg., pungent, chestnut-brown; Pseudo-Ceph. mod­ generous, decurrent hair-development ; FI. 6 cm lg,.
erately long or dense in the apex, flowering zone creamy-white; Fr. green to reddish, red inside.—
near the apex with quite strongly woolly tufts of H. Curaçao and neighbouring islands, NE. Col­
which do not hang down far and are longer- ombia, NW. Venezuela.
persistent; FI. also from lower on the flank,
whitish.—Mexico (Guerrero). P. leucocephalus (Pos.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
Bo. tree-like, densely branching, with a shorter
I P. gutarianensis (FR 1218): no description avail - trunk; Ri. c. 7-8; no data available on Sp., FI. and
I able. Fr. of the true spec, which Lindsay re-discovered,
and which I illustrated in “Die Cact.”, IV: Fig.
P.hapalacanthus(Werd.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b) 2333 (p. 2446) 1960.—Mexico (Sonora, Navajoa).
Bo. shrubby, to 5 m h.; branches ascending, vivid This plant has a conspicuous, longer-decurrent cap
green, not frosted; Ri. c. 12; Ar. with sparse grey of white H., and it is clearly distinguishable in habit
felt, those near the apex with H. 2 cm lg.; Sp. from P. palmeri, sartorianus or houllettii, with
scarcely differentiated, 15-20, rarely one over 1 cm which it has continually been confused since
lg., yellowish to golden-brown; Pseudo-Ceph.: Riimpler’s time—or even with P. alensis. The
fairly short and tufted at the tip, flowering zone specific name is far more apt for this plant, whose
weakly hairy, H. to 2 cm lg.; FI. c. 6 cm lg., FI. appear at the apex through a dense mass of
translucent, cream-coloured; Fr. dark green.— woolly H., than it is for any of the other spec,
Brazil (coast, N. of Recife). mentioned. This plant merits re-collection and
should be accurately described.
P.hermentianus(Monv.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
Bo. erect, over 3 m h.; brancheslight green, 5-7 cm P. luetzelburgii (Vpl.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
0 ; Ri. c. 19, weakly tuberculate, with horizontal Bo. to 1m h., at first ± clavate, then with the upper
folds; Sp. c. 20, small, thin, yellowish, of these c. part narrowed like the neck of a bottle, and bent
14-16 are Rsp., Csp. 4-6, all 3-6 mm lg.; Pseudo- towards the west, on which side the Pseudo-
Ceph. of silky, pendant, persistent H., sometimes cephalium is also probably present ; branches
flocky, from brownish Ar.; FI. to 6 cm lg., 3 cm sparse; Ri. 13-16; Ar. white; Rsp. 15-18, ap-
O . —Mexico or Haiti. Insufficiently known spec.; pressed, acicular, to 1.5 cm lg. ; Csp. c. 4 or
Haiti as its origin is dubious. somewhat more, indistinctly differentiated, rather
stouter, to 3 cm lg. ; all Sp. horn-yellow at first, then
P. (Pilocereus) houlletii (Lem.): see comments grey ; Pseudo-Ceph. tufted, to 2 cm lg. at the apex,
under Pilosocereus sartorianus (Rose) Byl. & similarly in the flowering zone; FI. to 5 cm lg..
Rowl. whitish; Fr. 3.5 cm 0 . —Brazil (Central Bahia, on
several mountain-ridges).
P.keyensis(Br. & R.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
Bo. shrubby, to 6 m h., with a trunk-like section to P. machrisii (Daws.) Backbg. (2B-b)
12 cm 0 , moderately branching; branches erect, Bo. shrubby, branching from the base, to 3.5 m h. :
bluish-green, strongly frosted, 5-6 cm 0 ; Ri.9-10 ; branches erect, to 8 cm0 , frosted blue above; Ri.

416
 PILOSOCEREUS

11-13; Ar.with yellowish-brown wool, and H. to 4 Bo. simple, erect; Ri. mostly 8; Sp. to 16, short,
mm lg.; Rsp. c. 12-13, to 8 mm lg.; Csp. c. 2-4, spreading, equal; Pseudo-Ceph. only short, both at
scarcely differentiated, to 1.5 cm lg.; all Sp. yellow the apex and in the flowering zone; FI. long­
to brown; Pseudo-Ceph. of dense brownish wool 4 bellshaped, white; Fr. purple.—W. Indies (said to
mm lg. at the apex, the flowering zone with woolly occur in Hispaniola, but never re-collected there;
H. in distinct projecting tufts, these white in perhaps from elsewhere?)
cultivation; FI. c. 4.5 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 . —Brazil
Goayaz, S. of Uruacu). P.moritzianus(O.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-a)
Bo. tree-like with a trunk: branches ascending
P. magnificus Buin. obliquely, green, somewhat frosted; Ri. 7— 8(—10),
Bo. noticeably candelabra-shaped, branching al­ obtuse, + tuberculate at the tip; Rsp. 6—8(—10),
most from the base, 1.5-2 m h.; branches 7 cm 0 , short; Csp. 1-3, to 1.5 cm lg.; Sp.light at first, then
frosted azure-blue; Ri. 6-7, to 2 cm h., 2.2-2.5 cm dirty yellow, above and in the flowering zone short,
br.; Ar.round, 4 mm 0 , 4-5 mm apart, with white bristly, clustered, white; Pseudo-Ceph. short in the
H. at first, later naked, only flowering Ar. with H. crown, longer in juvenile plants, flowering zone
to almost 1 cm lg.; Sp. c. 25, 5-10 mm lg., thin, with decurrent discrete tufts of moderately long
yellowish at first, then reddish-brown and greyish- white H. rising from brown areolar felt; FI.5 cm lg.,
brown; FI. 44 mm lg., 27 mm 0 , frosted bluish white; Fr.violet, white inside.—Venezuela.
outside; Sep. 3-7.5 mm br., 3-11 mm lg., greenish,
with a dark green M.-stripe; Pet.5-6 mm br., 9-11 P.mortensenii(Croiz.) Backbg. (2B-a)
mm lg., thin, greenish-white, borders denticulate; Bo.tree-like; branchesbluish at first, then blue; Ri.
Fil.creamy-white; Fr.26 mm 0 ; S.black.—Brazil c. 9; Ar. with woolly felt, hairy in the crown; Rsp.
Minas Geraes, on flat rock-slabs on the Rio 5-7, 1-1.5 cm lg., thin, pungent, brown or grey;
Jaquitihonda, 370 m). (Fig. 523). Csp. mostly 1, sometimes 2, stout, dirty yellow to
Requires above-average temperatures in culti­ grey, 3-4 cm lg.; Pseudo-Ceph. consisting of only
vation. inconspicuous lax H. at the tip, flowering zone with
more plentiful H.; FI. to 6 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 . —
P.maxonii (Rose) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b) Venezuela (State Lara).
Bo. tree-like, to 3 m h., with a short trunk; branches If a plant discovered by Humbert is referable here,
obliquely ascending, frosted blue; Ri. 6-8; Sp. c. then the Sp. at the apex can be longer, bristly-fine,
10, thin, yellow, one Csp. 4 cm lg.; Pseudo-Ceph.: a dense and erect.
stronger white cap in the apex, stronger also in the
flowering zone which extends downwards for up to P. multicostatus Ritt., undescribed: “bluish-green”
30 cm, here + concealing the Sp.; FI. 4 cm lg., (FR 1346).
purple; S. brownish)!).—Guatemala (El Rancho,
Salama). P.nobilis(Haw.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
Bo. a dense and freely branching shrub; branches
P. millspaughii(Britt.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b) glossy to light green, also darker, to violet-green or
Bo. to 6 m h., to 20 cm 0 at the base; branches almost black, 3-7 cm 0 , not frosted; Ri.5—7(—10);
obliquely erect, to 12 cm 0 , pale greyish-green, Ar. brownish-yellow; Rsp. c. 9, spreading, to 1 cm
frosted; Ri. 8-13; Sp. c. 20, acicular, yellow to lg.; Csp.2-4, stouter or only acicular, to 3.5 cm lg.;
yellowish-brown, dark below, becoming greyish- Sp. yellow, brown-tipped, then brown; Pseudo-
brown, to 2 cm lg., or up to 3-7 cm lg. in the Ceph. inconspicuous and lax at the apex, in the
flowering zone; Pseudo-Ceph. + unilateral, de­ flowering zone white, tufted, to 2 cm lg.; FI.4-6 cm
current from the apex, of thicker tufts of H., often lg., purplish-pink; Fr. red.—W. Indies (from St.
as long as the Sp., 5 cm lg.; FI. to 7 cm lg., waxy- Christopher to Grenada).
stiff, white.—Cuba and Bahamas.
P. oligolepis(Vpl.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
P.minensis(Werd.) Byl. & Rowl. (1) Bo. little branching, to 1 m h.; branches greyish-
Bo. shrubby, to 2 m h.; branches vivid green, to 4 green, not frosted; Ri.5; Rsp. 8-10, scarcely 5 mm
cm 0 ; Ri.c. 13; Ar.more felty at first; Sp.to 20, to lg., thin, spreading; Csp. 1, rather stouter, to 2 cm
2 cm lg.^ one to 3 cm lg., all yellowish at first, then lg.; Pseudo-Ceph. of areolar H. 1 cm lg., laxly
brownish and finally black; Pseudo-Ceph. absent; enveloping the apex, flowering zone moderately
FI. 5 cm lg., 3 cm 0 , greenish-white, with traces of hairy; FI. 6 cm lg., whitish.—Brazil (Amazonas)
felt; Fr. blue; S. dark brown.—Brazil (Minas and a small zone on the Venezuela-Guayana
Geraes). frontier.
P.monoclonos(DC.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b) IP. oreas (FR 1226): no description available.
PILOSOCEREUS

P. pachycladus Ritt. (FR 1223, 1290): no de- diagnosed plant of candelabra-like habit, to 4 m h.,
scription available. with pale yellowish-red FI.; possibly P. swartzii.
P.palmen (Rose) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b) I P. princeps (FR 1343): no description available.
Bo.ascending, to 6 m h., with up to 20 branchesto 8
cm 0, dark green, bluish and frosted above; Ri. P.purpusii(Br. & R.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
7-9, rounded; Sp. brown to grey; Rsp. 8-12, thin, Bo.shrubby or simple, to 3 m h.; St.light green, 3-4
2-3 cm lg.; Csp. 1, 3 cm lg.; Pseudo-Ceph. of thick cm 0 ; Ri. 12 ; Sp. numerous, fairly dense, tawny,
areolar wool, sometimes joining to form decurrent thickened below, acicular, to 3 cm lg.; Pseudo-
skeins, making a dense cap over the apex, long in Ceph. weak at the apex but the flowering zone,
the flowering zone and arranged in tight balls; FI. which is little lower down, has piled and prominent
purple (colour photo in “Die Cact.”, IV, Fig. H.-clusters; FI. 7 cm lg., pale pink, Pet. bordered
2328).—E. Mexico (Tamaulipas, between Mat­ white; Fr. greenish.—Mexico (coast of Sinaloa;
amoros and Tampico). Only yellow-spined in the Jalisco; N. Nayarit; S. Sonora; Islas Marias).
seedling-stage; P. sartorianus has straw-coloured
Sp. P.quadricentralis(Daws.) Backbg. (2B-b)
v. victoriensis (Vpl.) Backbg. n. comb. (Cereus Bo. tree-like, to over 5 m h., trunk to 25 cm 0 ;
victoriensis Vpl. MfK. 24. 1913): FI. white, branches to 10, in the bottom 1.5 m, to 8 cm 0 ;
washed faintly pink or pale violet (colour photo Ri.mostly 9; Rsp. 11-13,1-2 cm lg.; Csp.mostly 4.
by Werdermann in “Bliih. Kakt. u.a. sukk. spreading, 2-3.5 cm lg.; Sp. matt reddish-brown,
Pflanzen”, Plate 37 (1932): Sp. also brown(!) soon flecked matt grey; Pseudo-Ceph.: a mass of
longer woolly H. at the apex, these denser in the
P.pentaedrophorus(Lab.) Byl. & Rowl. (2A) flowering zone, white at first, then grey and dirty,
Bo. a lax shrub, to 10 m h.; brancheserect, to 3 cm H. then dropping on one side of the branch; FI.and
0 or rather more, frosted, vivid blue; Ri. 4-6, Fr. ?—Mexico (E. Oaxaca; W. Chiapas).
rarely more; Ar. with sparse felt and no H.; Sp. to
12, yellowish to greyish-brown, Csp. sometimes to P.robinii(Lem.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
4 cm lg., otherwise unequal; Pseudo-Ceph. absent; Bo.tree-like, to 8 m h., with a thick trunk; branches
FI. to 5 cm lg., white; Fr. greenish or reddish, ascending, to 10 cm 0 , matt green, light bluish-
purplish-violet inside.—Brazil (Pernambuco, green at first; Ri. 10-13; Ar. shortly woolly; Sp.
Bahia). 15-20, acicular, yellow, to 2.5cm lg., Csp. scarcely
differentiated; flowering Ar. crowded; Pseudo-
P. perlucens (K. Sch.) Byl. & Rowl.: Cereus Ceph. short to missing in the apex, flowering zone
perlucensK, Sch. ± similarly; FI.5cm lg., 3cm 0, white; Fr.wine-
red.—Cuba (coast of Habana and Matanzas).
P.piauhyensis(Giirke) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
Bo.tree-like, to 10 m h., trunkto 50 cm 0 ; branches P. robustus Ritt., not described: “bluish-green,
numerous, to 100, bluish-green to vivid blue; Ri. with white H.” (FR 1344).
(12-) 16; Rsp.25-30 or more; Csp. 1, to 3 cm lg.; all
Sp.yellowish-brown, acicular, rigid, pungent, Csp. P.royenii(L.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
rather stouter; Pseudo-Ceph. of rather longer, Bo. tree-like, to 8 m h., sometimes with a short
tufted, whitish-grey H., only in the flowering zone; trunk to 30 cm 0 ; branches ascending, green or,
FI.to only 4 cm lg., white; Fr.reddened, frosted.— especially at first, frosted-blue; Ri. 7-11; Ar.
Brazil (Pernambuco, Piauhy). crowded; Sp. acicular, variable, sometimes only 1
cm lg., or to 6 cm lg., yellow; Pseudo-Ceph. of weak
P.polygonus(Lam.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b) H. in the new Ar., flowering zone with clusters of
Bo. simple at first, eventually tree-like, to over longer white H.; FI. 5 cm lg., white; Fr. green to
3 m h., trunk to 1.5 m lg.; branches ascending, at reddish.—W. Indies (several islands in the Lesser
first often quite strongly blue; Ri. 5-13, rather Antilles).
narrow, ± furrowed on the flanks; Sp. on young
growth acicular or bristly, to 1.5 cm lg., yellow, P.rupicola(Werd.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
later darker, with additional subulate Sp., Bo. to 50 cm h., somewhat branching at the base:
yellowish-brown, 2-7 cm lg.; Pseudo-Ceph. of branches greyish-green, c. 4 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 9; Ar. at
longer brownish H. at the apex, later falling, first with a cushion of dense grey wool, later
flowering zone with isolated tufts to 2 cm lg., these glabrous; Sp.to 20, Csp. scarcely separable, to 1.5
absent in places; FI.to 6 cm lg., white.—E. Cuba; cm lg., yellow, then brown to blackish-grey,
Santo Domingo and Haiti. thickened below, acicular, longest ones to 2 cm lg..
Ekman observed in Santo Domingo an un- Pseudo-Ceph. tufted and short at the tip, flowering
418
 PILOSOCEREUS

: me subapical, with strong wool or H.- P.sublanatus(SD.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
:: elopment; FI.and Fr. ?— Brazil (Sergipe, Serra A little-clarified specific name. It is possibly the first
z-i Itabahana). name for P. arrabidae or P. catingicola, both of
which have only 4-5 Ri., which is low for the
P■salvadorensis(Werd.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B- b) Brazilian spec. Further details in “Die Cact.” IV:
5-:. tree-like, to 4m h., with a short trunk; branches 2413. 1960.
- jmerous, greenish or grey, with soft flesh, to 10
-- 0 : Ri. 7-9; Ar. whitish-grey; Rsp. 10-11, to 1 P. superbus Ritt., not described: “mid-blue” (FR
- - lg., some lower ones often bristly, others stiffly 1347).
scKular;Csp.4,cruciform, upper one to 2.5cm lg.,
-;mainder 1-2cm lg.;all Sp.yellow, then brownish P. supremus Ritt., not described: “magnificent
a darker or tipped thus;Pseudo-Ceph. of only a blue” (FR 1345). [Haage adds: Tallest of the
ev. apical H. to 1.5 cm lg., flowering zone ± genus.]
:imilarly; FI. ?;Fr. to 5 cm 0 . —Brazil (coast of
Sahia, on sand-dunes).
P.swartzii(Griseb.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-a)
Bo. tree-like, to 7 m h., often with a longer trunk;
: sartorianus(Rose) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b) branches matt green, not frosted, stout, fairly
3-d. to 5 m h.; branchesstrongly ascending, light or steeply ascending; Ri. 10, depressed between the
}ellowish-green (to bluish-green?); Ri.to 7, acutely Ar.; Sp. in young plants 20 or more, later only
cross-furrowed on the flanks; Rsp.7-8 at first, later 8-10, to 2.5 cm lg., modified in the flowering zone
-.ore; Csp. mostly only 1; all Sp. straw-coloured, into longer bristly Sp.; Pseudo-Ceph. of irregularly
only 1cm lg.; Pseudo-Ceph.: all Ar. have a few to decurrent rows of skeined H. from Ar. in the
-any cobwebby H., these much more plentiful in flowering zone; FI. 6 cm lg., pink to greenish-
he flowering zone, to 6 cm lg., white; FI.6-8 cm lg., yellow.—Jamaica (e.g. near Port Henderson).
rirty pinkish-red; Fr.red.—Mexico (Vera Cruz). If the plant mentioned under P. polygonus (of
Tften confused with P. palmeri, but the latter has candelabra-like habit, with the unusual yellowish-
brown Sp., and the FI. are purple or, in the variety, red FI.-colour and not identified by Ekman and
>hite with a pink sheen. Werdermann) proves to be identical with P.
swartzii, then this extends its range to Santo
Pilocereus houUetii Lem. (Pilosocereus) (2B-b) Domingo.
<T.): mostly regarded as a synonym of P. leuco-
oephalus (Br. & R.), or certainly as close to the P.tehuacanus(Wgt.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
rreceding spec., since the Sp. are also described as Bo. tree-like, with a trunk; branches arising from
straw-coloured; FI., however, “violet with some the lower part of the trunk, obliquely ascending,
r:ak and yellow” ; flowering zone apical, consisting light green but with a strong blue tinge, c. 6 cm 0 ;
af dense white wool from which the FI. arise, acc. Ri. 15;Sp.numerous, c. 25, thin, acicular, pungent,
Rumpler’s drawing. A plant flowering thus was brittle, walnut-brown, Csp. scarcely distinguish­
illustrated in “Die Cact.”, Vol. IV, Fig. 2330 and able as such, c. 3-4, ± thickened below, to 2 cm lg.;
2331. Since in this case the wool in the lower part Pseudo-Ceph. in the crown and reaching quite a
gradually drops, but is constantly replaced by long way down, consisting of a web of soft H., said
dense new growth in the crown, and I saw the plant to be bluish-grey, flowering zone with intermittent
flowering several times, always in this fashion, this dense H.-development; FI. high on the flanks,
spec, cannot at present be referred elsewhere. Seeds colour ?—Mexico (neighbourhood of Tehuacan
are brownish! (Weingart); Dawson reported plants of this type
from Oaxaca, near Totolapan).
P.sergipensis(Werd.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)
Bo. to 3 m h., little branching; shoots attractively P.tuberculatus(Werd.) Byl. & Rowl. (2A)
blue-frosted, to 4.5 cm 0 ; Ri.6; Ar. with white to Bo. to 4 m h., mostly branching from the base;
greyish-brown felt; Rsp. 8-11, thin-acicular, to 1 branches dark green, to 4 cm 0 , horizontally
cm lg.; Csp. 2-4, 2 rather stouter, to over 1 cm lg.; spreading and then upcurving; Ri. c. 7, strongly
all Sp. horn-coloured, becoming blackish-brown, tuberculate; Ar.large, brownish to grey, especially
rather knotted below; Pseudo-Ceph. in the apex at the apex, H. lacking; Rsp.c. 9-13, acicular, to 1.5
with many H. to 1.5 cm lg., flowering zone with lax cm lg.; Csp.c. 4-7, stouter, 1-2 of these to 4 cm lg.,
flocky clusters of H.; FI. ?; Fr.to 6 cm 0 . —Brazil all flexible, dark-tipped, horn-coloured becoming
Sergipe, near Jaboatao). (Fig. 337.) blackish-brown; FI.c. 6 cm lg., white; Fr.small, c.
2.5 cm 0 . —Brazil (Pernambuco, Serra Negra; N.
P. splendidus (FR 1224): no description available. Bahia, Aracy). Resembles P. minensis, but without

419
PILOSOCEREUS—POLASKIA

any H.-development. yellow.—W. Indies (Guadeloupe, possibly also

Grenada).
P.tuberculosusRauh & Backbg. (2B-b)
Bo. erect, shrubby; branches dark green, 5-10 cm Piptanthocereus Rice. : a name taken again into use
0 ; Ri. 11-12, 1 cm br., initially divided by strong by Ritter in part, quite unnecessarily, for the Genus
cross-furrows, these later flattening so that the Ri. Cereus(Herrn.) Mill.
are strongly tuberculate down to midway; Ar.
whitish-brownish; Rsp.c. 15, 3-8 cm lg.; Csp.to 4,
1.5-4 cm lg.; all Sp.brownish, often + flecked, c. 4 Polaskia Backbg. (147)
mm lg. in the crown; Pseudo-Ceph. of curly apical
H. to 8 mm lg.; flowering zone ?; FI. ?—N. Peru Tree-like Cerei with stout branches and relatively
(Rio Sana valley). small flowers of very unusual character: the
extremely short tube and the imbricately scaly
P.tweedyanus(Br. & R.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b) ovary are topped by the perianth which is recurved
Bo. a tall shrub; branchessteeply ascending, at first obliquely downwards; the anthers, which crowd
round the style, are fairly long and in erect clusters.
and for a longer time intensely blue, as if frosted;
Ri. 7-9; Ar. grey; Sp. very variable, either equal The small spherical fruit bears distant bundles of
short spines; the seeds are black. The genus is
and short, to 12, thin, to c. 2 cm lg., or recognizable monotypic.—Distribution : Mexico [(R).]
as 12 Rsp. and 4 cruciform Csp., the latter to 4 cm
lg., usually directed + downwards (in P. gir- This genus starts my Group “Pachycerei Berg,
onensis: laterally and upwards!), the bottom one emend. Backbg.”, which will be discussed briefly
often to 6 cm lg.; Sp.either light with a dark tip, or here. It is remarkable that the northern distribution
mostly concolorous black at first, especially the includes further monotypic genera, as well as
longer ones, or flecked, or light below, the stoutest Polaskia, in which the flowers are unusual :
Heliabravoa, Carnegiea, Lemaireocereus, Margi-
ones rather thickened below; Pseudo-Ceph. con­ natocereus,
sisting of stronger H. at the apex, those in the richocereus, as Isolatocereus, Escontria and Hert-
well as the following with cephalioid
lateral flowering zone much longer and denser,
pure white, sometimes developing intermittently; development: Cephalocereus, Backebergia and
FI.to 7 cm lg., white; Fr.red.—S. Ecuador (Santa floral characters.these
Haseltonia. All
In
are clearly differentiated by
other Groups I have always
Rosa), N. Peru (E. Sechura).
included plants where the relationship is clearly
recognisable; in the “Polyanthocerei”, for in­
P. ulei(K. Sch. non Gtirke) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b) stance, I referred to Myrtillocactus and Lopho-
(Cephalocereus robustus Br. & R.) cereus those species where both the relatively small
Bo. treelike, to 7 m h., trunk 1-2 m 0 (acc. K. flowers, often with several appearing simul­
Sch.); branches pale blue above, directed horizon­ taneously from a single areole, and the fruits testify
tally, later upwards, to 10 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 8; Ar. to a closer relationship.
crowded; Sp. more clearly differentiated on new The often conspicuous differences between a
growth, later more intermingled, c. 10-12, sub­ number of genera have been exposed as a result of
ulate, dark, to c. 2 cm lg., appreciably longer in my published work over many years. If other
young plants; Pseudo-Ceph. scarcely developed on conclusions are later drawn from this work—as for
young plants, later in dense long tufts in the example by Buxbaum—then it can be said they res:
flowering zone, brown (K. Sch.) or silvery (Werd.), predominantly on unproven assumptions. Bu:
H. to 6 cm lg.; FI.to 5 cm lg., white; Fr. reddish, until such time as we are able to show how the
carmine inside; S. slightly glossy.—Brazil (Cabo phenomenon arose whereby individual species are
Frio). (P. robustus Ritt. ?) sometimes so strongly demarcated from one
another by the structure and other floral charac­
P.urbanianus(K. Sch.) Byl. & Rowl. (2B-b)-(2B-a) ters, the only practical possibility is to classify by
Bo. simple or branching from below, to 4 m h.; progressive reduction as explained in the System­
brancheslight to dark green, not frosted, 4-5 cm 0 , atic Survey; and to gather into a single Grour
to 30 cm 0 near the base of old plants; Ri. 8-12; these usually strongly stemmed species and groups
Sp. 10-13, stoutly bristly, flexible, brownish-red at of species, even including those with evolutionär,
first, then ash-grey tipped reddish, Csp. 3-4, to 1.5 stages of cephalium-development ; that being done,
cm lg.; Pseudo-Ceph.: + white and flocky above, they can be classified as far as possible according : :
flowering zone with white flocky clusters to c. 2 cm the line of reduction of the shoot-character in the
lg., arranged on one side only, the Sp. here flower. There is as yet no satisfactory explanation
increased to 25, resembling horse-hair, to 8 cm lg.; as to how such strongly differentiated species as
FI. 6 cm lg. or less, 4 cm 0 , pale or reddish- those of Polaskia, Escontria and Heliabravoa, for
420
 POLASKIA—PSEUDOESPOSTOA

«stance, came into existence within an often schwartzii (Fric) Bod. (1929) because Haagea
.-.-lively restricted area. For the time being even schwartzii Fric (1926) had to regarded as a valid
-e phylogeneticist can prove nothing, and we can basionym. The name P. coahuilensis v. albiflora
niy establish the fact that widely different forms Bod. was only a proposal ; the plant in question was
■. e arisen. The reason is still not known to us, later described by Bodeker as Mammillaria albiar­
that they have arisen in quite a narrow area mata Bòd., as a comparison of the characteristics
•ithin a similar environment; and this factor, as will show.—Distribution: N. Mexico. [(R).]
»efl as an assessment of the characters, argues the
ing probability of a closer relationship, and Porfiria schwartzii (Fric) B5d. (T.): Mammillaria
■lows us to draw all these Cerei into a single schwartzii(Bòd.) Backbg.
jroup, without making any far-reaching uni- Bo. simple, with a stout napiform root, c. 4 cm 0 ,
tk_tion. The important point has been to work out flattened above; sapmilky ; Tub.erect, c. 12 mmlg.,
. £-rly the differing floral characters; even authors ± 3-sided ; Ar.woolly at first ; Ax. ± woolly ; Rsp.
is Britton and Rose did not always succeed in 16, thin, whitish-grey, to 6 mm lg.; Csp. 0-1,
:: ng this—rather surprisingly, in the face of so brownish, 6 mm lg.; all Sp. minutely rough; FI.
. --racteristic a flora as that of the great Mexican bellshaped-funnelform, to 3 cm 0 , whitish, with
ferei. This classification required individual and the centre a faint pink ; Fr.davate, crimson, large ;
: rmetimes monotypic genera because of the S. brilliant light brown.—Mexico (Coahuila, San
principles stated in my Systematic Survey: that Pedro). [(R).]
basically only the facts of Nature determine a
. ossification. Any more extensive grouping, and
he reasoning behind it, had been based on a purely Pseudoespostoa Backbg. (179)
leoretical and fictitious treatment, despite the
: bvious floral differences shown by these remark­ Moderately large Cerei, branching from the
able large Mexican Cerei. Obviously it would be base, with hair-development resembling white
-.seresting to find an explanation, based for cotton-wool, and a lateral superficial cephalium
instance on phylogenetic considerations, but the of brownish-white wool, without bristles; the fruits
most pressing task of our times is a clear and are sizeable white berries, less hairy than in
: smprehensive arrangement of the different forms Espostoa, and the seeds are glossy black (not matt
;eveloped in Nature; and such explanations, at black as in Espostoa). A further important
east as they stand at present, produce more difference is the following: Espostoa forms a tall
: onfusion than enlightenment. shrub or a tree, and has a grooved cephalium.
These differences and the fact that unification with
P. chichipe(Goss.) Backbg. (T.) Espostoa often leads to E. lanata being confused
Bo. tree-like, to 5 m h., with a short trunk0.8-1 m with Pseudoespostoa melanostele, would appear to
Z . the crown strongly branching; branchestoe. 10 make segregation of the genera advisable, but
cm 0 , with yellowish flesh; Ri.mostly to 9, acute, Pseudoespostoa is still, quite incomprehensibly,
ihickened around the Ar.; Rsp. 6-7-9, 1 cm lg.; resisted by some authors. The two genera are
Csp. 1, somewhat longer than the radials, often undoubtedly closely related, but they cannot be
lickened below; FI.rather small, + creamy-white, combined if the two types of cephalium are to be
.-rthout Sp.; Fr.small, 2-2.5 cm 0 , red inside and kept distinct, and obviously this should be done
: ut. Ar. small and short-felty, distant, with small since these developments are constant and always
:iusters of Sp.; S. small, black.—Mexico (Puebla, similar so that they represent a good diagnostic
;ear Tehuacan; Oaxaca, NW. of Tamazulapan). character since they are typical of the flowering
Juvenile plants are pruinose. (Fig. 338.) region in each genus. Where this fact has not been
recognised, superfluous new combinations have
resulted, and the synonymy is overloaded.—
Porfiria Bod. (227) Distribution: Pacific side of Peru (from the Pisco
Valley in the S., to the Rio Sana Valley in the N.,
Bodeker erected the genus on the basis of the differ­ with a considerable variation in altitude: from
ential factors of the Systematic Survey: the carrot- 800-2400 m above sea-level). [(R).] See also under
like base, the sizeable flowers and the reputedly Espostoa (introduction) regarding the segregating
quickly maturing fruit. I consider the species of this genus from Pseudoespostoa.
attributed to this genus as being still insufficiently
clarified, but I list it here since the name is still in P.melanostele(Vpl.) Backbg. (T.)
common use; in my view it is not sufficiently Bo. branching from the base, to 2 m h.; branches
distinct from Mammillaria. The name P. greyish-green, to 10 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 25, divided into
coahuilensis Bod. (1925-26) was changed to P. low Tub.; Ar. fairly close; H. at first forming a
421
PSEUDOESPOSTOA—PSEUDOLOBIVIA

dense cap, later becoming laxer; Sp. numerous, present in Lobivia. In 2 species of Pseudolobivia
mostly thin, almost bristly, scarcely 5 mm lg., the flowers are as short as in Lobivia, while in
interspersed with others, usually solitary, which are others they are as long as in Echinopsis, but more
much stouter and longer, to 4 cm lg., yellow; Ceph. slender; this feature, together with the often vivid
yellowish-brown, extending overc. 8 Ri., not rising colours of red and yellow in addition to white,
from a groove or seam (as in Espostoa); FI.c. 5.4 equally clearly show the intermediate status of the
cm lg., white; Tu. slightly hairy above; Ov. with a genus. Some species—e.g. P. ferox and P.
few hairlets; Fr. white to yellowish-white, very wilkeae—cannot be satisfactorily placed except in a
weakly hairy.—Peru (Rio Pisco to Rio Sana). special genus such as this, where hooked spines
Double-sided cephalia are known to occur. Wool occur in part, either at first or throughout, whereas
and Sp. later become ± blackish, hence the specific in Echinopsis they are unknown.—Distribution:
name: “dark column”. Sp. rather variable in length from the Bolivian Highlands to N. Argentina.
and character. (Fig. 339.) [(R)]
v. inermis Backbg.: Bo. mostly more strongly
hairy; Csp.less noticeable, not clearly longer and P. acanthoplegma Backbg.: Lobiviaacanthoplegma
yellow; H. remaining white longer.—Central (Backbg.) Backbg.
Peru (Matucana);
v. rubrispina Ritt., not yet described: some Sp. P.ancistrophora(Speg.) Backbg. (T.)
short, reddish. Bo. flattened-spherical, to c. 8 cm 0 ; Ri. 15-16:
Rsp. 3-7, recurved and spreading, to 15 mm lg.:
Pilocereus haagei and dautwitzii, held by some Csp. 1,sometimes to 4, stouter, sometimes rather
authors to be identical with Vaupel’s spec., can no darker at first; FI.c. 12-16 cm lg., unscented, white.
longer be satisfactorily clarified, as Werdermann Tu. slender; Fr. 1.6 cm lg., green.—Argentina
has shown. (Tucuman-Salta). FI.remain open for 2 days.
Ritter mentions the former name, as Espostoa, in
“Taxon” XIII: 4.143. 1964, giving the following P.aurea(Br. & R.) Backbg.
divergences: Bo. spherical to elongated, to 10 cm h.; Ri. 14-15.
P. nana (Ritt.) Backbg. n. comb. (Espostoa nana acute; Ar. brown at first; Rsp. c. 10, to c. 1 cm lg.,
Ritt., l.c.) Csp. 1, sometimes to 4, stouter, sometimes rather
Bo. to 1.5 m h.; branches to 8 cm 0 ; Ar. white or flat, to 3 cm lg.; Sp.: radials whitish, Csp. dark to
pale yellow; Sp. pale yellow; Rsp. c. 30, c. 7.5 mm blackish at first; FI.9 cm lg., 8 cm 0 , lemon-yellow,
lg.; Csp. 1; Ceph. white or pale yellow; FI. deeper yellow inside.—Argentina (Córdoba.
obviously little different from that of the preceding Cassafousth).
spec.; S. glossy.—Peru (Dept. Ancash, below v. elegans (Backbg.) Backbg.: Pet. narrow, ray­
Caras, or Huallanca, in the Canon del Pato). like, glossy;
Possibly not a valid spec. ? v. fallax (Oehme) Backbg.: Ri. 12; Rsp. 7-9:
The modest height and glossy seeds clearly make Csp. 1, to 4.5 cm lg.; all Sp.blackish at first, Csp.
this plant referable to Pseudoespostoa, since these sometimes greyish-reddish; FI. to 7 cm lg., to 6
are characters common to all; equally, inclusion in cm 0 , lemon-yellow, pink when fading.—
Espostoa is unacceptable, since the characters Argentina (Córdoba ?). Bo.matt, greyish-green.
mentioned are uniformly divergent. v. grandiflora (Backbg.) Backbg.: FI. rotate,
large; Pet. 1 cm br., crowded.—Same locality as
the type.
Pseudolobivia (Backbg.) Backbg. (97)
P.boyuibensis(Ritt.) Backbg. n. comb. (Echinops^
The reasons for segregating this genus, with a boyuibensis Ritt., Succulenta 44: 2, 25. 1965).
summary of the principal diagnostic characters, Bo. resembling P. obrepanda; Ri. 10-12, less
have already been given under Echinopsis. For notched; Rsp. 2-6, 7-20 mm lg., longest ones
details, the reader is referred there. There is a mostly hooked; Csp. 0-1, 2-4 mm lg., most!)
stronger resemblance to Lobivia in the “hatchet­ hooked; FI. 9 cm lg., 6 cm 0 , probably white. —
shaped” rib-tubercles, except for P. aurea and P. Bolivia (Dept. Sta. Cruz, W. of Boyuibe) (FR
luteiflora in which the slender yellow diurnal 777a). [Haage adds: S. purse-shaped, matt.]
flowers in themselves demand a special position. In
the other species also the flowers are either open P. callichroma (Card.) Backbg. n. comb. (Echir-
during the day only, or remain so even when they opsis callichroma Card., Kakt. u.a. Sukk.,16 : 3
started to open towards evening on the previous 49-50. 1965).
day; but here differences in times of opening have Bo. rather flattened-spherical, to 3 cm h., to 15 err.
little significance since these differences are also 0 , greyish-green; Ri. 17-19, acute, with hatche:-
422
 PSEUDOLOBIVIA

taped Tub. c. 1 cm h., 1.2 cm br.; Ar. 1-2.5 cm P. ducis-pauli (Fric) Krainz, and v. rubriflora
.part, elliptic, grey; Sp. 12-14, centrals not Schütz (Friciana Rada I, 7, 1962): Pseudolobivia
::5tinguishable, 2-6 cm lg., flexible, thin, pungent, longispina(Br. & R.) Backbg., and variety.
strongly bent, grey; FI. light magenta, no size
;:ated; Sep. c. 3.5 x 0.6 cm; Pet. broadly P.ferox(Br. & R. ) Backbg.
anceolate, c. 3 x 0.8 cm, very light magenta or Bo. eventually fairly large, spherical, to 20 cm lg.
~e.:dish-pmk with a darker M.-stripe; Tu. to 9 cm and 0 ; Ri. to 30, acute, ± sharply divided into
g . green, with brown and black wool; Ov. to 1.5 oblique Tub. to 3 cm lg.; Rsp. 10—12, flexible, to 6
:m lg., green, wool as for the Tu.; Fil. in 2 Ser., cm lg.; Csp. 3-4, to 15 cm lg., upcurving, flexible;
-hite; style green below, pale yellow above.— Sp.sometimes darker at first; FI.white, moderately
5 olivia (Dept. Cochabamba, Prov. Tapacari, road long; Tu. fairly slender below; Per. widely
:? Cami, 2700 m). opening.—Bolivia (E. of Oruro).
One of those species in which the overall charac-
ters, and above all the FI.-colour, demonstrate that P. fiebrigii (Gürke) Backbg.: Pseudolobivia obrep-
_aless Pseudolobivia is segregated, then it is anda v. fiebrigii(Gürke) Backbg.
—possible to separate Echinopsis and Lobovia.
P.frankiiBosz.
?. calorubra(Card.) Backbg. n. comb. (Echinopsis Bo. broadly spherical; Ri.c. 14, divided by rather
talorubra, Card., Nat. C. & S. J., 12 : 3, 62. 1957). deeply sunken Ar. into narrow, acute, scarcely
Bo. depressed-spherical, to 14 cm 0 , 6-7 cm h., offset Tub.; Ar. white, fairly large; Rsp. very
g’nt green; Ri. 16, divided into hatchet-shaped unequal, to c. 1 cm lg., sometimes very short,
Tub.; Ar. 2.5 cm apart, in the depressions of the whitish-grey, sometimes dark-tipped; FI. ± light
notches; Rsp.9-13, somewhat curving, one of them violet-reddish.—Origin ?
ellowish; Csp. 1, straight, to 2.5 cm lg.; Sp.
s rbulate, later grey, brown-tipped; FI.to 15 cm lg.; P.hamatacantha(Backbg.) Backbg.
Sep.lanceolate, green outside, reddish inside; Pet. Bo. flattened-spherical, to 15 cm 0 , 7 cm h., leaf-
patulate, orange-red above, bluish-pink towards green ; Ri.to 27, acutely tuberculate; Sp.8-15,4-12
■he base; Fil. of the lower Ser. green below, lilac- mm lg., yellowish-white to horn-coloured, several
pink at midway, red above, those of the upper Ser. distinguishable as Csp., 1 curving to the crown and
-hite below, lilac-pink at midway and red above; bent or even hooked; FI. to 20 cm lg., white,
style green with yellow Sti.— Bolivia (Prov. Valle scented; Fr.green, 4 cm lg.—Argentina (Salta).
Grande, on the road Comarapa-San Isidro,
:900 m). P.kermesinaKrainz
Bo. hemispherical, eventually quite large, to over
P. carmineofloraHoffm. & Backbg. 15 cm 0 , deep green; Ri. 15-23, + tuberculately
Bo. depressed-spherical, c. 7 cm 0 , 4 cm h., matt, thickened around the Ar.; Rsp. 11—16, to 12 mm
null green; Ri.c. 14, acute; Ar. + brownish; Rsp. lg., thin-subulate, rusty-yellow at first, tipped dark
10-12, to 2.6 cm lg.; Csp. (2-) 3-4, in part + brown, later grey, stiff, pungent, rough; Csp. 4-6,
angular below, thickened below, mostly curving projecting, straight or curving to the Bo., to 2.5 cm
upwards or more strongly bent over the crown; Sp. lg., rather stouter, coloured as the Rsp., rather
uom-coloured, later grey, at first rather darker; FI. darker at first; FI. to c. 18 cm lg., 9 cm 0 ,
c. 7.5 cm lg., carmine.—Bolivia (vicinity of unperfumed, carmine to lighter.—Argentina (?)*
Cochabamba). FI. opens only for one morning, in
uanshine. (Fig. 340) A very similar plant, with 14 P.kratochviliana(Backbg.) Backbg.
similarly notched and acute Ri.,had only 9 Rsp.c. 2 Bo. flattened-spherical, dark green, to c. 6 cm 0 ,
cm lg.; Csp.2, one above the other, to 3 cm lg.; Sp. 3-4 cm h.; Ri.to 18, acute, divided into rather low
pale horn-coloured, rough; FI.c. 10 cm lg., almost Tub.; Sp. to 15-18, Csp. 1— 2(— 4), to 5 cm lg., darker
6 cm 0 , Pet. more carmine towards the throat, at first, all later greyish-white; FI.at most 5 cm lg.,
more salmon-coloured towards the margin, not as white, with rather plentiful blackish H.—
intensely carmine as the Fil. and the style; Tu. Argentina (Salta). (Fig. 341.)
green, forming a weak S-shape, with grey and
brown H.; hymen green. Either the spec, is rather
variable, or this is a uniformly divergent plant
*Re-collected recently in the vicinity of Santa Victoria in
which must be considered a valid variety. No Argentina, near the Rio Bermejo where it forms the
judgment is possible on the basis of only two plants. frontier with Bolivia. FI. can also be white. (“Echinopsis
However the type, with its FI. opening first about 9 mamillosa var. kermesina” [Krainz] Friedrich.) Data and
a.m., is very typical of the genus. Cf. also P. colour-illustration, K.u.a.S. calendar (Germany), 1977.
toralapana (Card.) Backbg. (Translator’s note.)

423
PSEUDOLOBIVIA

P.lecoriensis(Card.) Backbg. n. comb. (Echinopsis P.luteifloraBackbg. n. sp.

lecoriensis Card., C. & S.J. [US], XXXV: 5, Bo.spherical, dull dark green, capable of flowering
158-159. 1963). at 4.5 cm 0 ; Ri. 13-14, acute, 10-12 mm br., 7-10
Bo. to 60 cm h., spherical to cylindric, to 25 cm 0 , mm h.; Ar. brownish-white at first, soon glabrous,
greyish-green; Ri.c. 24, acute, notched; Ar.2.5 cm c. 1 cm apart; Rsp. 7-9, acicular, thin to rather
apart, grey; Rsp. 12-14, pectinate, 3-7 cm lg., stouter, yellowish-white, more brownish at first, to
curving upwards; Csp. 2-4, to 9 cm lg., bent 5-6 mm lg., ± thickened below; Csp. mostly 3,
upwards; all Sp. subulate, robust, stiff, whitish- subulate, 2 upper ones blackish-brown or dark
grey, tipped purplish-brown; FL apical, fun- reddish-brown at first, to c. 6 mm lg., lower one
nelform, 10 cm lg., 8 cm 0 , whitish, inner Pet. projecting, light, with a red, much-thickened base,
tipped lilac; style light green; Sti. 11, greenish- to 2-2.3 cm lg., stouter than the 2 others; FI.c. 7 cm
yellow.—-Bolivia (Prov. Linares, Dept. Potosí, lg., 4-5 cm 0 , without a ring of wool; budswhite-
Pampa de Lecori, 3400 m). hairy; Tu. c. 4.5 cm lg., c. 0.5 cm 0 , with greyish-
A typical Pseudolobivia, habit and flower-length black H., with thin spiny Sc., to 4 mm lg..
showing they constitute a separate group of spec., brownish; Ov. oblong, green, to 12 mm lg., 6 mm
as Cardenas himselfpointed out. FL, as also in many 0 ; Pet.2.5 cm lg., c. 6 mm br., narrowly spatulate.
Lobivias, remain open at night. acuminate; Sep. pale yellow outside, olive-brown
inside; Fil.yellow, in 2 Ser.; stylepale green, 2.5 cm
P.leucorhodantha(Backbg.) Backbg. lg.; Sti.4 mm lg., pale green; Fr. ?—N. Argentina.
Bo. flattened-spherical, brownish to greyish-green, (Fig. 97. ) Found by Frau Muhr (Uhlig No. U 2185. t
to 7cm0,4cm h.;RL 18-20, acute; Sp. to 14, 8-10 The only spec, of the genus with Sc. modified into
mm lg., a few Csp. recognisable, 1 more distinct, Sp., but with the slender FI. lacking a ring of wool,
projecting, bent at the tip; FI.c. 10 cm lg., light pink and thus presenting a sort of “missing link” to
outside, delicate white inside; Fr. oblong, 2 cm Acanthocalycium.
lg.—Argentina (Salta).
P. nigra (Backbg.) Backbg.: Pseudolobivia longis­
P. lobivioides (Backbg.) Backbg.: Pseudolobivia pinav. nigra(Backbg.) Backbg.
pelecyrhachis v. lobivioides (Backbg.) Backbg.
[Haage adds: Dr. H. Friedrich has shown this
should be called Echinopsis pelecyrhachis Backbg. P.obrepanda(SD.) Backbg.
v. lobivioides (Backbg.) H. Friedr.] Bo. ± depressed-spherical, glossy, dark to greyish-
green, rarely offsetting; Ri. divided into hatchet­
P.longispina(Br. & R.) Backbg. shaped Tub. c. 2 cm lg.; Rsp.9-11, to 1cm lg.; Csp.
Bo. large-spherical to elongated, to 25 cm 0 ; Ri. 1-3, to 5 cm lg.; Sp. stiff, whitish to dark brown.
25-50, acute, with Tub. 2 cm lg.; Sp. to 15, stoutly Rsp. mostly pectinate; FI. to 20 cm lg., white,
subulate, hooked on new growth, flexible, over 8 parsley-scented; Tu. ± bent.—Bolivia (Cocha­
cm lg., yellowish to brown; FI.to 10 cm lg., white; bamba area).
Fr. + spherical.—N. Argentina (Jujuy, La Quiaca v. fiebrigii(Giirke) Backbg.: FI. with a straight
to Tilcara). Tu.; Pet. more erect; perfume pleasant (not of
v. nigra(Backbg.) Backbg.: Bo.eventually thick- parsley, as in the type).
columnar, to 30 cm h., bluish-green; Ri.over 20,
acute, Tub. to 4 cm lg.; Sp. 12-14, hooked at P. orozasana (Ritt.) Backbg.-“Cactus”, 20 : 8?.
first, later to 12 cm lg., dark brown to blackish or 61. 1965 (Echinopsis mamillosa v. orozasana Ritt..
soon thus, finally grey; FI. 10 cm lg., with a stout Succulenta 44 : 1, 25. 1965).
Tu., white.—Argentina (Jujuy). Bo. broadly spherical, to 20 cm 0 , capable of
Recent Uhlig imports, with typical spination, have flowering at 7.5 cm 0 ; Ri. with hatchet-shaped
been very variable in colour; Pet. also reddish. Tub.; Rsp. 12-18, 1-2.5 cm lg.; Csp. 6-12, 0.8-3.5
Consequently a certain variability has to be cm lg., straight; FL to 20 cm lg., opening in fuh
assumed, i.e. no delimitation is practicable. sunshine, c. 8 cm 0 , pure white; Tu. c. 17 cm lg..
Younger plants have fewer Ri. and Sp. slender, green, with brown H.; Sep. recurved,
Pseudolobivia ducis-pauli (Fric) v. rubriflora greenish, rather narrow; Pet. broadly spatulate.
Schütz is therefore referable here. Echinopsis Fil.white; An. cream; stylegreenish; Sti.greenish-
ducis-pauli Forst, was described without data on white.—Bolivia (Prov. Arce, Orozas) (FR 779
FI.: “Ri. 18; Rsp. 6-8, c. 2 cm lg.; Csp. 1, of equal (Fig. 342.)
length; Sp. all purplish-brown at first”. Fric The characters of Ri. and FL suggest this is better
believed he had re-collected the plant described by regarded as an independent spec. FI.-data added b>
Förster, but the description is too brief for any me, on the basis of my observations in the Marnier
identification to be made. Collection.
424
 PSEUDOLOBI VIA—PSEUDON OPALXOCHIA

P.pelecyrhachis(Backbg.) Backbg. Arani, near Toralapa, 3200 m). Without doubt

Ba.flattened-spherical, green; Ri.c. 20, not broad, referable to the complex of P. carmineoflora: see
■:_nded above; Tub. oblong, sometimes + chin- this latter. Possibly only a variety.
ve. narrower above; Rsp. 9, 5-8 mm lg., white,
pped yellow; Csp. 0 or 1, short, + bent; FI. c. 10 P. torrecillasensis (Card.) Backbg. (described as
lg.. white, with whitish-grey H.—Argentina Echinopsis Card.)
Salta). Bo.flat, only 1-2 cm h., green, on a thick taproot to
.lobivioides(Backbg.) Backbg.: Bo. sometimes 8 cm lg.; Ri. 16, notched, acute; Ar. 8 mm apart;
elongated eventually, dark green; Ri. 19, acute, Rsp. 6-7, to 10 mm lg.; Csp. 1, to 1 cm lg.; all Sp.
Tub. only slightly chin-like; Rsp. 14, yellow; curving, compressed, acicular, grey; FI. 8 cm lg.,
Csp. missing or to 4, straight, to 1 cm lg.; FI. red to salmon-red; Fil. purple; Sti. emerald-
white; Pet. + erect.—Argentina (Salta). green.—Bolivia (Santa Cruz, near Torrecillas). Sits
deep in the ground.
t polyancistra(Backbg.) Backbg. Echinopsis torrecillasensis, raised from Cardenas’s
Bo. flattened-spherical, to only c. 6 cm 0 , mostly seed—Lobivia torrecillasensis hort. europ.—does
smaller; Ri. 17-30, narrow, slightly rounded and not conform to Cardenas’s drawing, and is a red-
iberculate, light green; Sp. numerous, fine, flowered variety of Lob. arachnacantha (see latter).
rr.stly, Csp. scarcely distinguishable as such, often
bent to hooked, sometimes only short, all irregu- P.wilkeaeBackbg.
oiiy arranged, to 1.2 cm lg.; FI. to 10 cm lg., Bo. hemispherical to spherical, to over 10 cm 0 ,
■ hue, scented; Tu. very slender.—Argentina mid-green; Ri. 18 and more, acute, at first
Salta). (Fig. 343.) completely resolved into narrow hatchet-shaped
Tub., straight and unbroken below; Ar. white;
P. potosina(Werd.) Backbg. Rsp. 6-7, subulate, the top one more central, ±
Bo. spherical to elongated, to c. 8 cm 0 or more, compressed, 2.3-4.5 cm lg.; Csp. 1-2, to 9.3 cm lg.,
•:d green, slightly glossy; Ri.c. 13, acute, divided horn-coloured, reddish below, sometimes fairly
■to obliquely arranged Tub., or the Ri. dis- dark, one stoutest Sp. bent to hooked on new
.rntinuous; Ar. to 5 cm apart, large, dirty light growth; FI.c. 8 cm lg., 6.5 cm 0 , whitish-pink.—
brown at first; Sp. 9-13, scarcely differentiated, Bolivia (Uyuni). [Fiaage adds: Dr. H. Friedrich’s
•hitish to rust-red, black-tipped, later brownish- studies have shown this should be called Lobivia
grey. to 4 cm lg., very stout, often to 5 mm br., wilkeae (Backbg.) FI. Friedr.]
Sickened below, at first hooked or curled inwards v. carminata Backbg.: Ri. to 26; Rsp. 9-11, to 2
ibove: FI.white, fairly stoutly and shortly funnel- cm lg., horn-coloured, stoutly subulate; Sp.dark
::m. Pet. spreading.—Bolivia (near Potosí), to blackish at first; FI. smaller, 5 cm lg,
-^.age adds: Dr. H. Friedrich’s studies have carmine. — Same locality.
shown this should be referred to as Lobivia
potosina (Werd.) FI. Friedr.] Probably the following should also be referred to
this genus:
P. rojasii(Card.) Backbg. “Echinopsis (Pseudolobivia) calochrysea Ritt.”,
Bo. simple, spherical, to 11 cm 0 , 6 cm h., greyish- FR 985, with a large yellow FI.
I reen: Ri.c. 16, notched, ridges sometimes reddish,
rberculate; Ar. grey; Rsp. 8-9, 5-14 mm lg.; Csp. Pseudomammillaria F. Buxb.: Dolicothele (K.
1.15-17 mm lg., curving upwards; all Sp.subulate, Sch.) Br. & R., emend. Backbg. Series 2: Micro-
■hhish-grey, brownish-tipped; FI. to 12 cm lg., floridae Tieg.; see under Dolichothele for spec.
rale pink, with whitish and brownish IT.—Bolivia
Santa Cruz, “El Fuerte”, Samaipata). Pseudomitrocereus H. Bravo & F. Buxb.: Mitro-
v albiflora(Card.) Backbg.: Ri. 14, acute; Rsp. cereusBackbg.
6-11, to 2 cm lg., recurved; Csp. 1-3, curving
upwards; FI. 17 cm lg., white.—Same locality.
Pseudonopalxochia Backbg. (37)
P. toralapana (Card.) Backbg. n. comb. (Echin-
:psis toralapana Card., “Cactus”, 19: 82, 41-42. Among the Epiphyllum-like plants there is an
1964). unbroken line of reduction in the shoot-character
Bo.to 4 cm h., 16 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 13, pale green, Tub. of the flower, and the individual stages have been
-.atchet-shaped; Ar. to 3 cm apart; Sp. pectinate, segregated as genera. Until recently the stage of
6—10, curving, to 5 cm lg., subulate, greyish-white; indumentum beforeNopalxochia was missing from
FI.to 14 cm lg., bluish-red; Fil.pale green below, the day-flowering plants; then the successful plant-
pale purple above; style green.—Bolivia (Prov. collector T. M. MacDougall found and described
425
PSEUDONOPALXOCHIA—PSEUDOZYGOCACTUS

this in 1947. The “epiphylloid” group of genera, systematic arrangement used here. In any event the
where all the missing stages have been discovered Disocactus species have uniformly red flowers,
by degrees, demonstrates the advantages of a whereas all those of Pseudorhipsalis are white, light
classification based on this type of natural differen­ lemon-yellow or yellowish-white inside; no in­
tiation. The flowers of Pseudonopalxochia re­ vestigations have yet been made regarding this
semble those of Nopalxochia, but they have 1-4 uniformity of colouring, or the extent to which it
whitish bristles; the fruits are also bristly.— characterises the various natural groupings. Never­
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca). [Vigorous- theless segregation makes diagnosis simpler,
growing.] and obviates name-changes which are not urgently
necessary.—Distribution: Jamaica, Costa Rica
P. conzattianum(T. M. MacDougall) Backbg. (T.) and S. Mexico. [Vigorous-growing.]
Bo. shrubby, epiphytic; shoots flat, as in Nopal­
xochia, only moderately broad, sometimes reddish P. alata(Swartz) Br. & R. (T.)
at first; FI. c. 8 cm lg., (beaker-shaped to) Bo. shrubby, to 5 m lg.; shoots broadly linear,
funnelform, brilliant red with an orange tinge; Tu. oblong or lanceolate, also constricted, narrowing
only to 2.8 cm lg.; Fil. green below, then red, and terete below, light green, to 40 cm lg., 4-6 cm
whitish above; stylered: Ov.and Fr.with white Br.; br., with a stout M.-Ri.; FI.c. 1.5 cm lg., yellowish-
Fr. green, 4 cm lg., 3 cm 0 , Br. to 10; S. dark white; Fr. a berry 1 cm lg.—Jamaica (W. of the
brown.—Mexico (Oaxaca, near Santiago Lach- island).
iguiri). P. harrisii (Gtirke) Y. Ito: perhaps a variety here,
shoots without any stem-like constriction; Fr. only
5 mm 0 . Britton and Rose referred “Rhipsalis
Pseudopilocereus Buxb. harrissii Giirke” to the above spec, as a synonym
As far as I know, there have been no satisfacton
P.fulvilanatusBuin, & Bred. 1973 investigations as to whether the latter should be
Bo. columnar, branching and tree-like, to 3 m h. segregated, either as a spec, or a variety.
but often smaller; branches 10-11 cm 0 , green,
blue-frosted above; Ri.5(-6), 4 cm br. below, 3 cm P.himantoclada(Rol.-Goss.) Br. & R.
h., to 9 cm apart; Ar. oval, c. 7 mm lg., 5 mm br.; Bo. shrubby, eventually forming large hanging
floweringAr. with thick cushions of golden-brown bushes, 1m lg. or more; shootsthin, flat, 4-5 cm br..
wool, merging to form a band, other Ar. with short with serrate margins, vivid green, glossy, tipped
grey felty H.; Sp. brown at first, later grey, stout, reddish at first, terete below, dimensions reduced as
acicular, mostly pointing obliquely upwards; Rsp. branching proceeds; FI. 2.6 cm lg., white inside,
c. 11, 10-25 mm lg., radiating; Csp. 1, upwardly pink outside.—Costa Rica (Pozo Azul).
directed, to 45 mmlg.; FI.nocturnal, bellshaped, 52
mm lg., 33 mm br.; Tu. white, glabrous; pericarpel P.macranthaAlex.
8 mm lg., 14 mm br., thick-walled, light green; Rec. Bo. bushy, light green, with terete stemlets.
38 mm lg., to 15 mm br., thick-walled, pale green hanging; shoots to 90 cm lg., 4.5 cm br., tapering
with a blue tint, with Sc. 12 mm lg. above; Sep.to above, notched; Ar. grey; FI.solitary or paired. 1
15 mm lg., 7 mm br., light green with light brown, cm 0 , light lemon-yellow; Sep. brownish-orange,
irregularly wavy borders, oval; Pet. 11-12 mm br., reddish below; Fr. a spherical red berry 7-8 mm
c. 55 mm lg., white, oval; Fil.light brown, lower 0 . —Mexico (Oaxaca, N. of Niltepec and near La
ones pressed against the wall; An. light brown, 1.5 Gloria).
mm lg.; stylewhite, c. 45 mm lg., with 8 light brown
Sti.; Fr.dark brown to violet, 4.5 cm 0 ; S.ovoid to Pseudotephrocactus Fric & Krzgr.: an undescribec
cap-shaped, 1.5 mm lg., black, glossy.—Brazil name for several spec, of Tephrocactus.
(Minas Geraes, northern Serra do Espinhaco,
800-1000 m. Discovered 1968 by A. F. H. Buining
and L. Horst). (Fig. 522.) Pseudozygocactus Backbg. (28)
The genus is an interesting example of the very
Pseudorhipsalis Br. & R. (23) great variety of forms which can arise: the plar:
itself has a confusing resemblance to Zygocactu-
Plants resembling the flat-stemmed Rhipsalis. but the flowers are small, as in Rhipsalis, and lack -
Flowers solitary, petals spreading, with a short but recognisable tube. On the basis of plant-structure t
distinct tube. Kimnach referred these plants to has to be referred to the “Epiphylli”, but the smai
Disocactus, for reasons better suited to a “genetic flower is seen as showing a greater degree c
system”, but this is not possible under the reduction, as justified by atavism in Rhipsalis ar ;
426
 PSEUDOZ Y GOC ACTUS—PTEROC ACTUS

_epismium. Furthermore the ovary is sharply 4- oblong Tub.; Sp.4-7 mm lg., appressed; FI. 4.5 cm
tagled and winged as in Schlumbergera, for O, Pet. with a minute recurved tip; Sti. purplish-
-.stance; this is never seen in Rhipsalis, and the red(!); S. with a thick non-transparent annular
I : vers are apical.—Distribution: Brazil (Itatiaya wing.—Argentina (near Córdoba). (Fig. 345.)
Mountains and southwards). [Little is known Referred in part to P. t uberosus, but latter is less tub-
rgarding the cultural requirements of this spec., erculate, shoots more slender, FI. smaller,
■ vtch is still rare in collections; it can be presumed and seed-wing thin-membranous and translucent.
-- at. like Rhipsalidopsis, it does better in a shaded
position.] P.fischeriBr. & R.
Bo. oblong or cylindric; shootsvery tuberculate, c.
P. epiphylloides (Campos-Porto & Werd.) Backbg. 1.5 cm 0 , to c. 10 cm lg.; Rsp. c. 12, bristly, white,
a .) c. 6 mm lg., spreading and projecting; Csp. c. 4,
B®. an epiphytic low shrub; branches shortly 1-1.5 cm lg., not flattened, brownish, yellowish-
segmented, Seg. to 2.5 cm lg., c. 1 cm br., margins tipped ; Glo. numerous, yellowish, to 4 mm lg.; FI.
strongly notched; Ar. naked, minute; FI. solitary, ?; S. large, with a narrow wing.—S. Argentina (Rio
. r cal, c. 1cm lg.; FI. do occur exceptionally on the Negro).
“.argins, just as sometimes seen in Zygocactus.
Inclusion in Hatiora with its spherical ovary, as P.hickeniiBr. & R.
.ggested by Buxbaum, is not admissible because Bo.spherical-clavate, more oblong; shootsnot very
the many points in common with the other tuberculate, 2-3 cm lg.; Rsp. c. 10-14; Csp. c. 3-4,
Epiphylli” ; Fr. ?—Brazil (Itatiaya Mountains, at scarcely differentiated; Sp. all c. 3 cm lg., thin,
'.-500 m). projecting, yellow above, brown below; FI.to 4 cm
..bradei(Campos-Porto & Cast.) Backbg.:Bo. O, yellowish, with a pink border and a greenish
bushy, to 80 cm lg., hanging, densely branching; M.-stripe; S. 5 mm thick, with a narrow annular
Seg. ± tongue-like and elongated, truncated wing.—S. Argentina (Comodoro Rivadavia).
above, scarcely notched on the margins, narrow-
ag below; FI. 2 cm 0 , yellow.—Brazil (Serra P. kuntzei K. Sch.: Pterocactus tuberosus (Pfeiff'.)
Bocaina). (Fig. 344.) Br. & R.

P. marenae (Pars.) Rowl.: Marenopuntia marenae

Pterocactus K. Sch. (7) (S. H. Pars.) Backbg. While Marenopuntia too has
sunken apical FI., the S. here have no annular wing;
'mall plants with thick taproots and variously moreover the habit is quite divergent from that of
raped stems: spherical or cylindric. The flower is Pterocactus; the vast distance separating the two
ank into the apex, with the fruits similarly; as distributions is an argument against any closer
t rese ripen, the stems thicken above and the fruit is relationship.
attached by a more or less circular slit. An unusual
mature is that the seeds have a winged margin, a P.pumilusBr. & R,
.raracter unique to the genus; the width of the Bo.low or prostrate and ascending, with ± shortly
ting-like border varies from species to species. 7 cylindric Seg. c. 1 cm 0 ; Tub. virtually absent or
■pecies described.—Distribution: S. America, from minute; Ar. quite strongly woolly-felty; Sp. fairly
rtar the Magellan Straits in W. Argentina to much short, + appressed or only slightly projecting,
arther north. [Rather difficult on its own roots, weak, on the Ov. similarly; FI.?; S.with an annular
rowers more readily if grafted.] wing 1 mm br.—S. Argentina (Chubut, Puerto
Pirámides).
P.australis(Web.) Backbg.
Bo. divided into spherical to clavate Seg.; R. P.skottsbergii(Br. & R.) Backbg.
napiform, to 8 cm lg., 3 cm 0 ; Seg. to 8 cm lg., Bo.with spherical Seg.; R.thick, napiform, to c. 10
rjberculate; Rsp. 10-15, to 4 mm lg., white; Csp. cm lg.; Seg.sometimes + elongated, mostly c. 3 cm
I -2, to 2 cm lg., flattened, whitish to brownish; Sp. 0 ; Ar. with thick cushions of felt, these crowded;
rejecting; FI. to 3 cm 0 , straw-coloured; S. Sp. c. 10, black, tipped yellow, 1-2 cm lg., Csp.
-rinkled.—S. Argentina (between the Magellan stouter, not flattened; FI. c. 6 cm lg., in dried
Straits and Rio Sta. Cruz), material reddish to reddish-green; Ov. with brown
v. arnoldianus Backbg.: Csp. black, shorter, or blackish Sp.;Fr. ?— S. Argentina (Terr. Sta.
bent. Cruz, Lago Buenos Aires and northwards).
P.decipiensGiirke P. tuberosus(Pfeiff.) Br. & R. (T.)
Bo. with cylindric shoots to 1.2 cm 0 , with dense Bo. slender-cylindric; R. thick, napiform, to 12 cm
427
PTEROCACTUS-PYGM AEOCEREUS

lg., 8 cm 0 , sometimes several; Seg. brownish- Pygmaeocereus Johns. & Backbg. (91)
reddish, + without Tub., to 40 cm lg., 1 cm 0 , ±
thickened at the tip; Ar. minute; Sp. numerous, Very small cylindric Cerei, mostly offsetting quite
fine, short, appressed; FI. 3 cm lg., yellow; Sti. freely from the base; flowers slender-funnelform.
yellow!!);Ov. with numerous Br.; Fr.dry; S.to 4 nocturnal.—Distribution: coastal regions of S.
mm 0 , with an annular wing to 4 mm br.—W. Peru. [(R).(G).]
Argentina (Mendoza, towards the Paso Cruz).
P. akersii Johns.: only a name (illustration in
P. valentinii Speg.: Pterocactus australis (Web.) “Kakt.u.a.Sukk.”, 11: 162. 1961); Sp. more
Backbg. distant, Csp. sometimes longer; perhaps a variety
of P. bylesianus. unless any transitional forms are
found.
Pterocereus MacDoug. & Mir. (156) P.bylesianusAndreae & Backbg. (T.)
Bo. short, forming small groups; St. scarcely
Large Cerei with few thinly-winged ribs and exceeding 10 cm lg.; Ri. 12-14, very low, later
cylindric-funnelform flowers which have crowded, forming small Tub.; Ar. roundish; Sp. numerous,
outwardly curving scales; the axils of the tube have dark, becoming grey, radiating, not very strongly
plentiful brownish felt and several very short interlacing, i.e. in distinct clusters, Csp. not
yellowish spines, this indumentum missing in the discernible; Fi.c. 6 cm lg., when fully open at least 6
upper part, the ovary similarly. Flowers open only cm 0 ; Tu. 5 mm 0 , with flocky FI. in the axils, the
at night. The light carmine spherical fruit has a oblong Ov. similarly.—Peru (Fig. 348, right.)
fleshy wall, and scales which turn red; its axils are
felty, and have over 20 dark red spines to 1.4 cm lg.;
the pulp is wine-red and the seeds glossy black. P. densiaculeatusBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill:
The flower of Anisocereus lepidanthus (Eichl.) 12. 1963.
Backbg. has very similar scales, but from Eichlam’s Bo. forming small groups by lateral branching; St
data the latter plant must be regarded as diurnal, or fairly lg., c. 1.7 cm 0 measured over the Sp.; Ri.c.
else its flowers do not close when fading but just 18, extremely narrow and low; Ar. round, light
shrivel, while the scales are straw-like and the tube, brownish, only c. 2 mm apart; Sp. to over 30, at
instead of short spines, bears awns 1.5 cm lg. most 3 mm lg., interlacing, completely concealing
While Anisocereus gaumeri has few ribs and these the Bo., some of them projecting, all plumose,
are similarly winged, neither bristles nor spines on apical Sp. at first pale reddish, brown-tipped: FI.
the flower-tube have been reported, and the flowers and Fr. ?— Origin ? (Fig. 347.)
do not dry up in the same way, while the dry fruit is The manner of growth resembles that of Mam-
very shortly spined. The inadequacy of the millaria viperina. The spination is so unusual and
description leaves the relationship of this species in attractive that it is essential it should be named, in
doubt (see also Anisocereus).—Distribution: order that information about it remains available.
Mexico (Chiapas, NE. of Tuxtla Gutierrez or N. of It is probably referable to Pygmaeocereus, but
La Chacona). [No data available regarding culti­ since the Fi. has never been observed, it cannot with
vation.] certainty be attributed here.

P.rowleyanusBackbg.
P.foeiidusMacDoug. & Mir. (T.) Bo. as in the preceding; Ar. round at first, then ±
Bo. to 8 m h., simple or little branching, with a oblong; Sp. more numerous, weaker, in several
cylindric trunk to 1.5 m h., to 14 cm 0 ; branches Ser., all white, Csp. dark-tipped, clusters denser
green, suberect, with a cylindric axis; Ri. (3-)4, thin than in the type-species; Ar.very crowded; FI.only
to 7 cm h„ the ridge slightly notched; Ar. white or 3 the 0 of P. bylesianus and rather shorter.—Peru
grey; Sp. not differentiated, 10-11 (-20), subulate, (Fig. 348, left.)
grey to reddish-black, to 4.8 cm lg., spreading; FI.
to 9.5 cm lg., closed during the daytime, with a Pygmaeocereus nigrispinus Akers( ?): only a name,
disagreeable smell (hence the specific name), to c. 4 probably applicable to the type-species.
cm 0 , greenish-white; Fr. 4.5 cm 0 ; S. c. 5 mm
lg.—Mexico (see above). (Fig. 346.) Pygmaeolobivia Backbg.: formerly proposed by
me as a SG. of Lobivia (1934); it included species
which later, because of floral bristles, were re­
P. gaumeri (Br. & R.) MacDoug. & Mir.: Anis­ ferred to Mediolobi via as a SG. with the same name.
ocereusgaumeri(Br. & R.) Backbg. it is sometimes invalidly used as a generic name.
428
 PY RRHOCA CTU S

Pyrrhocactus Berg, emend. Backbg. details provided will be sufficient for identification.
106 ) The flowers of Pyrrhocactus are sometimes beaker­
shaped, sometimes densely scaly with felt, at other
This genus occupies a key-position in the series of times more shortly funnelform, but always more
questions concerning the delimitation and naming strongly woolly with a narrower limb, and clearly
ot a whole group of S. American spherical Cacti. distinct from those of the genera Neochilenia and
See also under Horridocactus and Neochilenia. Horridocactus, The floral bristles may vary in
The American authors Kimnach and Hutchison number, length and density. Further comparative
mite all the Chilean species except Copiapoa under investigations are needed, both in the field and on
Neoporteria, despite the fact that the flowers of the living material, in order to delimit the genus more
latter genus, as represented by the type-species, are precisely. The flowers are predominantly yellow of
completely uniform in colour, structure and various shades. Little information is available
extreme reduction of the indumentum, which is regarding seeds.—Distribution: W. Argentina,
thus a diagnostic character for a separate genus; from Rio Colorado to Salta and Jujuy. [In general,
the views of these authors are thus ill-conceived; or the species do not grow very vigorously on their
they would then inevitably have to include species own R. but all, so far as known, can be grafted and
of “Pyrrhocactus sensu Ritt.”, and the E. Andean they then grow better and flower more freely.]
species also could no longer be segregated. To these PyrrhocactusBerg, emend. Buxb.
it would be necessary to add Austrocactus and Bodies mostly simple, flat-spherical or later elon­
Parodia since they all (or Parodia only in part) have gated ; ribs straight, stout, notched; areoles large,
bristly flowers and fruits. The result would be an elliptic, felty; spines numerous, subulate, stout,
outsize genus lacking cohesion, which could only often curving upwards and thickened below, ash-
cause unnecessary confusion among well- grey to reddish-brown to black; centrals mostly 4,
established names. The difficulty of a systematic cruciform. Flowers in various shades of yellow,
classification of those groups of species arises from shortly funnelform or beaker-shaped, sometimes
the fact that Castellanos, for instance, attributed a with densely felty scales or else more strongly
still undescribed species from Mendoza to Austro­ woolly.*—Argentina (areas E. of the Andes).
cactus, whereas the urn-shaped flower clearly
pointed to Pyrrhocactus. If the conventional Ritter’s names, if not found here, should be sought
delimitation is not strictly observed, the inevitable under Neochilenia or Horridocactus.
consequence would be an unforeseeable extension
of the generic concept, with incalculable results; P. aconcaguensis Ritt. (FR 542): Horridocactus
even the characteristic of a softly fleshed body aconcaguensis(Ritt.) Backbg.
would then be no obstacle (this is only sometimes
present, for example, in Lobivia). The recent P. atrospinosus Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill:
American procedure would logically demand the 13. 1963.
use of the name Austrocactus—the prior Bo. spherical to elongated, bluish-green; Ri. to c.
claimant—for a vast genus of this kind; and for the 20, quite strongly swollen around the Ar., es­
reasons given above Neoporteria would have to be pecially at first; Ar. large, with thick brownish-
referred to it. This shows the consequences of a white felt; Rsp. in 5-6 pairs, pectinate, strongly
piecemeal treatment of the larger complex of interlacing, stoutly subulate, light but also more
problems which is followed by some authors. grey at first; Csp. 0 at first, then usually 2 or rather
As against this, I have already given sufficient more, those in the apex equal in length to the FI.
arguments for my segregation of different genera, when closed, black at first, then more ash-grey,
and no further explanations are needed here. more strongly subulate, erect to porrect, fairly
Therefore, on the basis of the arguments advanced dense and rigidly projecting above; FI. dirty
under Neochilenia, I include in Pyrrhocactus only coppery-yellow; Tu. short, it and the Ov. together
the E. Andean species which, for an inconceivable forming a + top-like shape, dark green, with
length of time, have developed independently from numerous Sc., axils only shortly white-hairy, Br.
the Pacific distribution, even despite partial only few in the upper part; S. 1.5 mm lg., matt,
convergence of floral characters. If the procedure is black.—W. Argentina (40 km W. of Mendoza).
adopted for Rebutia-Sulcorebutia, then it must be (Fig. 349 above.)
followed here. It seems likely that the total number
of species is still not known, as demonstrated by the P. bulbocalyx(Werd.) Backbg.
results of recent expeditions. Three new species Bo. simple, spherical, light greyish-green; Ri.c. 12,
have been described on the basis of colour- rounded, thickened around the Ar. to form round
photographs of Lembcke, since they are in­ Tub., or transversely depressed; Ar.large, oblong,
disputably new, and so characteristic that the with whitish-grey or lighter felt; Rsp. 7-11, stout,
429
PYRRHOCACTUS

± curving, to 2 cm Ig.; Csp. typically 4, over 2 cm gentina (San Juan). (Fig. 349 below, 351.)
lg., ± up-curving; Sp. all light to faintly reddish,
tip or upper part dark; FI. straw-yellow, with a red IP. neokrausei Ritt. (FR 1450): no description
throat, urn-shaped, 4 cm lg., with several brownish I available.
Br., and whitish flock in the Sc.—N. Argentina
(locality?). (Fig. 350.) P.sanjuanensis(Speg.) Backbg.
Bo. spherical to elongated, matt, dark green, later
P. catamarcensis(Web.) Backbg. dirty grey; Ri. 13, ± tuberculate, more continuous
Bo. simple, spherical, later columnar, to 50 cm h., below; Ar.fairly large; Rsp. 9-15; Csp.c. 3-7; Sp.
to 12 cm 0 , occasionally to 1 m h., dull leaf-green; ash-grey below, pink or reddish-chestnut above;
Ri. 13-17, thickened around the Ar.; Ar. whitish; FI. funnelform; Tu. and Ov. densely scaly, with
Rsp. c. 10, light brown or whitish, stiff, subulate, several Br. above, not strongly hairy; Pet. rather
curving, to 2 cm lg.; Csp. 4, not thickened below, narrow.—N. Argentina (San Juan, very rare!). Fig.
stouter, more bent, yellow to glossy dark brown; 1515 in “Die Cact.”, Ill: 1572. 1959.
FI. 4.5 cm lg., lemon or golden-yellow, + urn­
shaped.—N. Argentina (San Juan and Cat- P.setiflorusBackbg. nom.nov.—Descr. Cact. Nov.
amarca). I ll: 13, 1963 (P. setosiflorus Backbg., homonym of
P. setosiflorus Ritt.) (T.?)
IP. coliquagenis Ritt. (FR 1450): no description Bo. spherical to elongated, bluish-green; Ri.c. 15.
Iavailable. at first strongly tuberculate, Tub. later confluent:
Ar. large, with brownish-white felt; Rsp. c. 8-10,
P.dubiusBackbg. upper ones very subulate, lower ones acicular, ±
Bo. becoming oblong, to c. 20 cm lg.; Ri. c. 13, curving, all blackish at first, reddish below, some
tuberculate; Ar. yellowish; Rsp. 10-12, horn- Sp. lighter; Csp.c. 4, subulate, scarcely distinguish­
coloured, flecked brown, or yellowish-white, dark- able from the stouter Rsp., to c. 2.5 cm lg. or more,
tipped, projecting, to 1.5 cmlg.; Csp.(1—)2, bent ± black to brownish-black at first, reddish below; Sp.
upwards, to 2.5 cm lg., coloured like the Rsp.; FI. sometimes ± flecked; FI. + beaker-shaped, c. 3 cm
with a short Tu., 3 cm lg., washy greenish-yellow; lg., salmon-reddish, more orange when fading; Tu.
Fr. green,—N. Argentina. and Ov. green, both with fairly long projecting and
In the Famatina area Lembcke collected a plant ± spiny Br., lower ones whitish, upper ones
which appears to be referable here: Sp. unequal, brownish.—W. Argentina (close to the Chilean
dissimilar; Csp. to 4, sometimes brownish at first, frontier). This is perhaps “Pyrrhocactus straus-
not always regularly central. Otherwise it resembles ianus sensu Berger”, lectotype of the genus, but
the preceding spec., and the divergences are not unquestionably not Schumann’s plant, since for the
unacceptable. Seen at Uhlig: No. U 2019. genuine spec, he gave the locality as “Rio
Colorado”, while Berger said of the plant he
IP. floccosus Ritt. (FR 545): Syn. Neochilenia described: “around Mendoza”. The above-
IfloccosaBackbg. described plant is said to come from that area.
Berger, it is true, gives the FI.-length as only 1.5 cm,
P. griseus Backbg. (“Die Cact.”, VI: 3906/7. 1962, but these dimensions cannot always be assumed to
Fig. 3548): on the basis of the FI., now seen, this is be accurate since they may relate either to fully
Acanthocalycium griseum(Backbg.) Backbg. open or only partially open FI.; P. setosiflorus
Backbg. and P. setosiflorus Ritt. were both
P.melanacanthusBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: published in June 1962 (Ritter’s plant in the Dutch
13. 1963. journal “Succulenta”). Since my publication,
Bo. + spherical, leaden-grey; Ri. c. 12, rounded, although ready in MS-form a whole year earlier,
fairly broad below, moderately swollen around the was only printed on 26.6, and the June issue of
Ar., the lower Tub. sometimes with a + chin-like “Succulenta” is dated 1.6.62 despite its only being
projection; Sp. c. 10, fairly lg., those in the crown distributed later, I gave my species a new name in
+ overtopping the half-open FI., ± curving, + order to avoid errors. Since I usually only learn of
projecting, the longest Csp. ± extending sideways, publications in journals after they have appeared,
those in the crown fairly erect; Sp.all black at first, the name for my description had to be altered, even
later ash-grey, + interlacing; FI. truncate- although mine was doubtless the older description.
funnelform, lighter to intenser golden-yellow,
brownish-yellow outside; Tu. with dense reddish P. setosiflorus Ritt.: Neochilenia setosiflora(Ritt
Sc., enveloped in a web of curly H., but the Sc. Backbg.
clearly visible, with a few fine Br. above; styleand
capitately connivent Sti. creamy-white.—N. Ar­ P.strausianus(K. Sch.) Berg.
430
 P YRR HOC ACTUS -Q UIA BENTIA

Bo. shortly columnar, to c. 16 cm h„ 9 cm 0 , IP. transitensis Ritt. (FR 1432): no description

r*evish-green, lighter at first, the crown with little I available.
:-It. overtopped by the Sp.; Ri. 13, 2 cm h., +
: jberculate because of transverse depressions; Ar. P.umadeave (Fric) Backbg.
>ellowish at first, then grey; Sp. to c. 20, not clearly Bo.spherical, to 10 cm h., to 11 cm 0 , matt, green;
i.fferentiated, the 4 innermost Sp. stoutest, to 3 cm Ri. c. 18, + spiralled; Ar. white; Sp. very
-g thickened below, straight or slightly bent, numerous, Csp. later undifferentiated, to 35, all Sp.
vibulate, rigid, pungent, reddish-grey, interlacing; curving upwards, subulate, rigid, pungent, to 3 cm
FI short, funnelform, moderately woolly; Tu. with lg. and more, white to tinged brownish-pink, dark-
short hyaline or yellowish, reddish-tipped Br.- tipped, thickened below, + frosted, centrals
Sp—S. Argentina (N. of the middle course of the stoutest; immature plants have only c. 16 Ri.,
Rio Colorado). Description acc. Schumann. shorter Sp. with 1—2(—4) Csp., + concolorous
The true spec, is illustrated by Weingart in black at first; FI. to 3.5 cm lg., pale yellowish,
"Kaktusar”, title-page, No. 2. 1935. The Fl.- woolly, with several yellow Br,; Fr.to 4 cm lg., 2 cm
colour, while not stated, seems to be yellowish. The br., with little woolly flakes, with floral remains and
?.ants often have bluish to rust-coloured Sp. stouter Br. above, dehiscing by a basal pore.—N.
Britton and Rose had already described a spec. Argentina (Puerto Tastil; Jujuy).
:rom Mendoza under the above name, Berger’s v. marayesensisBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill:
description came afterwards. The length of floral 13. 1963: Bo. fresh green; all Sp. dense, bent
Br. is very variable in both spec. towards the crown, almost completely hiding the
latter and the upper Bo., all stoutly subulate,
P. subaianusBackbg. concolorous black to almost bluish or greyish-
Bo. spherical to elongated; Sp. to c. 20, ± equal, black ; FI. white, urn-shaped, pink lower down,
interlacing, slightly curving, Csp. little differen­ Br. missing or inconspicuous; Sti.pink; S. 1.25
tiated, directed up towards the crown, thickened mm lg., slightly glossy, black, finely granular.—
below, all Sp. light-coloured; FI. with a conical Tu. N. Argentina (near Marayes). (Fig. 352.)
and longer Br. above, these being erect, whitish to The following plants occur in the same area:
yellowish, to 1cm lg.; Pet.yellowish; S. 1mm lg., Denmoza erythrocephala and Tephrocactus arti-
black.—Chilean Highlands. culatus v. diadematus or v. papyracanthus.
This spec, seems to have penetrated from the E.
Andes, like Weingartia chilensis. The plants, which P.vollianusBackbg.
have fairly dense and light-coloured Sp., grow near Bo. cylindric, to 15 cm h., 4 cm 0 ; Ri. 7,
Campana at 2000 m. tuberculate; Ar.light brown at first; Rsp. 18, 3-4 of
Two further plants come from the same altitude: these thin, to 1cm lg., others stouter, to 3.5 cm lg.;
one from Horcon de Piedra, yellowish-green, to 40 Csp. 5, cruciform with one in the centre, 3.5 cm lg.,
cm lg.; Ri. to 30; Sp. interlacing, to 30, slightly stouter than the Rsp.; FI. large, yellow, + urn­
curving; FI. urn-shaped, metallic to greenish- shaped, densely felty, with stout reddish-brown Br.
yellow ; the second spec, grows at the same altitude, to 1.8 cm lg.—S. Argentina,
near Chicaoma: Bo. bluish-green; Sp. rather v. breviaristatus Backbg.: Ri. 8, weakly tuber­
darker at first. In my Handbook I gave them both culate; Rsp. 12-13, some thicker, some thinner,
under Horridocactus, since the FI. seemingly have to 2 cm lg.; Csp. 3 in a triangle, acicular,
only a weak indumentum. On the basis of the urn­ thickened below, light brown at first, then dull
shaped FI., however, both could be referable to grey; FI.yellow(?), smaller than in the type, with
Pyrrhocactus. Further investigation proved im­ fewer Br. arranged more in the upper part.
possible as no further living material has been
collected. Acc. to Dr. Kraus, these plants cannot be
crossed with spec, of Horridocactus, which sug­ Quiabentia Br. & R. (4)
gests they must belong to another genus.
Mostly shrubby plants, with terete branches, and
P. taltalensis Ritt. (Horridocactus Ritt., FR 212): fleshy leaves without a distinct middle-rib, these
Plants raised in the Marnier Collection, from later deciduous; one species is tree-like. While there
Ritter’s seed of that number, had brown Bo. and is a certain resemblance to Peireskiopsis, no true
white FI. Acc. Winter’s catalogue 1962, the FI. are glochids are present in the areoles; these are
red. Flave the S. been mixed up? A brown-bodied replaced, as far as our present information goes, by
plant with a white FI. suggests Neochilenia fusca thin subsidiary spines. The branches are usually
(Muehlpfrdt.) Backbg. arranged in a whorl. Cardenas has reported
glochids as being present on the ovary of Q.
i P. tenuis Ritt. (FR 1453): no description available. pereziensis. Plants of this genus are rare in
431
QUIABENTI A—R ATHBUNIA

European collections; to date only Q. chacoensis very sharp, to 7 cm lg., white; L. 5 cm lg., 1.5 cm
has flowered here, but there is no record of the br.; FI. 1.5 cm lg., light red; Fil. numerous; Sti.
flower-insertion. It is known that in 2 species the papillose.—Bolivia (Laguna Santa Isabel, in com­
flowers are sunken into the shoot-tip and have a pany with Q. pflanzii).
narrow ovary. The perianth is fairly large, and light
to intense red. Seeds are large and hard, as in all Q. zehntneri(Br. & R.) Br. & R. (T.)
members of the Opuntioideae to which this genus Bo. shrubby, to c. 3 m h., with a continuous main
belongs. There is a temptation to regard the genus St.; branches ascending, long, very spiny, some­
as primitive or ancestral, but this is contradicted by times readily detached; L. to 4 cm lg., oval to
the flower-position being (as far as is known) circular; Sp. numerous, thin, + bristly at first,
apical. Probably Quiabentia is more accurately white; Ar. shortly white-felty; FI.sunken, to 4 cm
seen as an extreme evolutionary stage within the lg., to 8cm 0 , brilliant red; Ov.slender, to4cmlg.:
broad framework of the Opuntioideae, bearing a Fr. to 7 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , with low oblong Tub.,
resemblance in habit to other leafy plants in the finally lacking Sp. and Br.; S. 5 mm 0 . —Brazil
same way as is seen in the leafy Peireskioideae.— (Bahia, Bom Jesus de Lapa). (Fig. 353.)
Distribution: isolated in the Brazilian catinga (one
species); and from E. Bolivia to N. Argentina Rapicactus F. Buxb.: spec, segregated from
(Chaco to Jujuy). [(R); the plants must never be Gymnocactus Backbg. on account of their napi-
kept too cool; and during the growing period they form R. with a neck-like constriction above (see
should not be too dry.] Gymnocactus).
Q. chacoensisBackbg.
Bo. shrubby; branches to over 3 cm 0 , green; Ar. Rathbunla Br. & R. (146)
white; L. to 7 cm lg., spatulate, tapering, with a
light border; Sp.to c. 9, radiating, unequal, to 5 cm Shrubby, rather soft-fleshed Cerei of moderate size,
lg., light, with thin, readily deciduous Ssp.; FI.red, with + curving shoots. The flowers are diurnal,
with a narrow throat; Fil. and style clustered, red, with a narrow tube and a ± oblique limb; the
projecting.—N. Argentina (Chaco Austral). ovary is sometimes spiny, the fruit always so; the
v. jujuyensis Backbg.: differentiated by the latter dehisces transversely and is red both inside
branches being fewer, erect, and the Sp. less and out; the seeds, so far as known, are fairly small,
fierce; L. broader, more ovate, tapering. The glossy, black. The floral remains persist on the
terete and little-branching St. become rather fruit.—Distribution: Mexico (States along the W
corky.—N. Argentina (Jujuy, Puesto Viejo). coast, including Guerrero and Michoacan, then N
to Sonora where the majority of species occur1
Q. pereziensisBackbg. [(R)]
Bo. shrubby, rarely over 2 m h.; branches mostly
projecting horizontally, readily detached; L. only R. alamosensis(Coult.) Br. & R.
1.5 cm lg.; Sp. inconspicuous; FI. 5 cm 0 , pink; Bo. shrubby, to 3 m h.; brancheserect at first, ther.
Ov. leafy, with Glo.—Bolivia (road to Santa Cruz, curving upwards, c. 8 cm 0 , also bending
in the vicinity of Perez). downwards, rooting and sending out fresh shoot?
Ri. 5-8, obtuse; Rsp. 11-18, spreading; Csp. to -
Q. pflanzii(Vpl.) Vpl. the bottom one longest; Sp. all subterete or
Bo. tree-like, to 15 m h., with a stout trunk; Sp. angular, the longest bottom one sometimes flat­
short, weak, white; L. oval, 4 cm lg., tapering tened, 2.5-3.5 cm lg.; FI. scarlet, 4 cm lg., limb
below, thick-fleshy, 2 cm br., fairly crowded on narrow, oblique, not longer-decurved, An. anc
flowering shoots; FI.almost 5cm lg., depressed at style little-projecting; Fr. ?—Mexico (Sonora.
the base, pale pink; style stout; Sti. papillose.— Alamos).
Bolivia (Santa Isabel, 50 km down-river from
Villamontes). R. kerberi(K. Sch.) Br. & R.
Bo. shrubby, to 2 m h.; branches subterete; Ri. -
IQ. verticillacantha (FR 902); no description laterally compressed, later flatter; Ar. brownish-
I available. grey; Rsp.c. 12,subulate, pungent; Csp.4, porrecr
4.5 cm lg.; FI.c. 12cm lg., limb elongated, recurvec.
Q. verticillata(Vpl.) Vpl. zygomorphic, pinkish-red; Fil. red; An. dark
Bo. shrubby, rarely over 2 m b., main St. robust; purple; style red.—Mexico (Colima; Nayan:
branches verticillate, rather short, projecting ± Sinaloa).
horizontally, c. 1 cm 0 , glossy green; Sp. 1 or
more, perpendicular to the shoot, rigid, acicular, R. neosonorensisBackbg.
432
 RATHBUNIA—REBUTIA

Bo. shrubby, dark green; branchesstrongly ascend- Rebulobivia Fric: only a name, predominantly for
ng: Ri.c. 8; Rsp. 13-14, radiating sideways; Csp. species of the Ser. “Conoideae” of the SG.
--3, the lowest one longest, projecting obliquely Pygmaeolobivia Backbg. of the Genus Mediolob-
downwards; FI. 7.5 cm lg., glossy, scarlet, limb iviaBackbg.
anger, more strongly revolute; An. and styleclose
agether, long-projecting; Ov. sometimes with
-ame tiny H .; Fr. oblong-spherical, with short Rebutia K. Sch. (103)
Sp. —Mexico (Sonora). (Fig. 354.)
Small plants, mostly + depressed-spherical, with
R pseudosonorensis (Giirke) Berg.: Rathbunla the ribs resolved into tubercles; spines finely
sonorensis/(Rge.)Br. & R. acicular to ± bristly and fine, yellowish, white or +
brownish. The slender funnelform flowers appear
R. sonorensis(Rge.)Br. & R. (T.) fairly low on the body, usually many together;
Bo. shrubby; branches to 6 cm 0 , leaf to dark they have small scales and are otherwise glabrous.
green: Ri. 8, obtuse, distinctly notched; Ar.white; The thin-walled small fruit dries up; the seeds are
Rsp. to 11, radiating horizontally, to 1.5 cm lg., matt or glossy, black. The earliest known species
-now-white, tipped dark brown; Csp. 1, rather had red flowers, but later discoveries have blooms
anger and stouter, brown below; FI. 6.5 cm lg., of violet to lilac-pink and yellow. Some species are
scarlet to carmine, limb fairly straight, not very self-fertile, others require cross-pollination. 2
wrongly revolute; Pet. only short,‘bent somewhat subgenera have been erected, according to whether
. utwards; Ov. with minute flakes of wool.— the style is completely free, or somewhat united
Mexico (Sonora). below:
SG. 1 Rebutia: style completely free
SG. 2 Neorebutia Bew.: style shortly united at the
Rauhocereus Backbg. (89) base.
The species of SG. 2 are self-sterile; SG. 1 includes
Erectly shrubby, laxly branching Cerei with the ribs both forms. The Rebutias are ideal plants, both for
uniquely tessellate, forming weakly flattened nurserymen and amateurs, since they flower easily
tubercles. The nocturnal flowers are bellshaped- and prolifically.—Distribution: from N. Argentina
tunnelform, the fairly dense scales with tufts of to NE. Bolivia. ](R); grafted plants form larger
woolly hairs in the axils, the ovoid fruits similarly. groups and bear even more numerous FI.]
The small seeds are glossy, black. Distribution: N. In recent times Ritter, Donald and Buining have
Peru (Rio Sana valley, and between Chamaya and attempted to include Aylostera and Mediolobivia
. aen). [(R); must not be kept too cool in winter.] in Rebutia, while Cardenas seeks to refer even
Sulcorebutia to the genus. This is just as in­
R. riosaniensisBackbg. (T.) admissible, for a whole variety of reasons, as
Bo. with a thicker trunk, to 4 m h., branching; Marshall’s earlier attempt on the same lines. The
shoots mostly to 8 cm 0 , bluish-green; Ri. to 6, existing delimitation has so many advantages in
transversely furrowed to form ± flattened Tub., diagnosis and the arrangement of collections (given
iurrows eventually less deep than at first; Sp. correct labelling, the viewer knows the
mostly 6(—8), not clearly distinguishable as Rsp. characters of the indumentum, even when no
and Csp., the upper one longest, to 5 cm lg., flowers are present) so that this procedure has been
carmine below, yellowish above, all later whitish- followed universally in larger collections where it is
grey, some stout, others thinner, mostly to 2.7 cm essential to have a clear general picture. Divergent
lg , 3 shorter ones, still thinner, to 5 mm lg., treatments seek to revive outmoded former col­
sometimes 1-2 minute light brownish Ssp. above; lective genera, with the disadvantage that there has
FI.to 10 cm lg., 5 cm 0 , limb rotate, white; Fil.and been no uniformity of procedure: for instance
style white, they and the yellow Sti. erect and Ritter accepts Sulcorebutia, where all its repre­
projecting; Tu. yellowish-green, Sc. fairly dense sentatives are clearly recognisable simply by the
and large, pointed, darker green, lower part of the long linear areoles. The 3 accepted genera form
Tu. and the Ov. with grey H.; nectary brownish; natural groups of species; to combine them gives a
Fr. raspberry-coloured, crimson inside.—N. Peru synthetic category which is not based on any
Rio Sana valley). (Fig. 355-356.) uniform or logical principle of classification. The
v. jaenensisRauh: Trunk to 20 cm 0 ; Rsp. only new combinations under Rebutia, or the “Sec­
2-3, to 1.5 cm lg., very stout and pungent; Csp.2, tions”, of these authors are an unnecessary
very stout, to 2 cm lg., one directed upwards, the proliferation of the extensive synonymy and a
other downwards to + appressed.—N. Peru purely subjective reorganisation which cannot be
(between Chamaya and Jaen). justified. What convincing proof has been given for
433
REBUTIA

the necessity of alterations of this kind? These Bo. simple, rarely offsetting, spherical, to 5 cm 0 .
attempts do nothing to stabilise the nomenclature, greyish to light green; Ri. to 20, spiralled,
and I am therefore unable to accept them. tuberculate; Ar.c. 2 mm 0 , with white and brown
My classification on the basis of the reduction of felt; Rsp. 14-16, hyaline, 6-10 mm lg.; Csp.2-3, set
floral indumentum is shown to be a natural one, vertically, to 14 mm lg., white, brown above and
not only because the groups of species are always below; FI. lateral, 35 mm lg., 30 mm 0 , orange-
uniform in character, but even within Rebutía pink, throat whitish-pink; style yellowish, with 6
traces of reduction have been observed: a witness yellow Sti.; Fr. brownish-red, with dark Sc. and
to a natural process which my systematic method white H.; S. typical of Aylostera.—Argentina
reproduces as far as possible. (Jujuy, near Iruya, 2700 m. Found by W. Rausch
The subgeneric name Neorebutia sometimes ap­ and named for A. F. H. Burning). (Fig. 465.)
pears as an independent genus (as with SG.
Pygmaeolobivia of the Genus Mediolobivia), but R. caineana(Sulcorebutia) Card.
this is not justified. Bo.spherical, somewhat flattened, offsetting, 1.5-2
cm h., 4-5 cm 0 , dark green; R. napiform; Ri. 13.
R. albopectinata: Mediolobivia albopectinata spiralled, Tub. 5 mm h., 7 mm 0 ; Ar.4 mm apart,
Rausch. elliptic, 3 mm lg., white-felty; Sp. 14—16, pectinate,
thin-acicular, 3^1 mm lg., appressed or spreading:
R. almeyeriW. Heinr. n.sp. (in MS) (1) FI. basal, funnelform, 3.5-4 cm lg., 3 cm 0 , yellow:
Diverges from comparable plants of Ser. 2 “Sen­ Ov. spherical, light purple, with Sc. 2 mm br.; Tu.
iles” as follows: Bo. flattened-spherical, little expanded, yellow, tinged light purple, with purple
offsetting; FI.3 cm 0 , brilliant orange-red, throat Sc.; Sep.lanceolate, yellow; An. yellow; stylelight
light yellow, self-fertile; Pet.bordered yellow; style yellow with yellow Sti.— Bolivia (Tarata, Cocha­
yellow; Tu. with brownish-salmon Sc.; Fr. yel­ bamba, near the Rio Caine, 3000 m, in clefts on
lowish, with brown Sc.; S. very small.—Origin? sandstone.
Species resembles R. brachyantha but is distin­
R. arenaceaCard. (1) guished from it by the longer FI., purple at the base
Bo. simple to cushion-forming, single heads to 3.5
cm h., 5 cm 0 ; Tub. in c. 30 spirals; Ar. creamy- R. callianthaBewg. (2)
grey; Rsp. white, in 6-7 pairs directed sideways, Bo. spherical to ± elongated; Tub. in up to c. 27
one upwardly directed Sp. 5 mm lg., its surface spirals; Sp. 12-21, Csp. not distinguishable as such,
appearing to be covered in sand; FI. yellowish- to c. 1 cm lg., strongly spreading, whitish; FI. to 4.5
orange, 3 cm lg. and 0 ; Ov.with traces of felt at the cm 0 , flame-coloured, buds deep dark red; Pet.
base.—Bolivia (Dept. Cochabamba). spatulate; Tu.with violet Sc.; stylepinkish-orange.
Regarded by Ritter as a Sulcorebutia although the Sti.white.—N. Argentina. (Fig. 357.)
Ar. are elliptical (broader than lg.), and not linear. v. beryllioidesBuin. & Don.—Sukkde. VII-VIII
R. binnewaldianaW. Heinr. n.sp. (in MS) (2?) (SKG), 103.1963.
Differentiated from R. wessneriana and R. per- Differs in the following: Bo. glossy green, flat.
mutata as follows: Sp. yellow to golden-brown, shorter, less num­
Bo.bluish-green, simple; crown ± naked; S.large; erous ; FI. scarlet;
and from R. calliantha by the following: style f. breviseta (Backbg.) Buin. & Don.: formerly R.
golden-yellow; Fil. yellow.—Bolivia (Huari senilis v. breviseta Backbg..; referred here by
Huari). these authors (see under R. krainziana).
FI. 4.3 cm 0 , scarlet, throat orange-red, self- v. densiseta Bew. is an undescribed name for a
sterile; Tu.with blackish-red Sc.; Fr.glossy, red. more densely, finely spined form.

R. brachyantha (Wessn.) Buin. & Don.: Mediolob­ R. candiae Card.: Sulcorebutia candiae (Card.
iviabrachyantha(Wessn.) Krainz. Backbg.

R. brachyantha Card.: Sulcorebutia breviflora R.caracarensis(Sulcorebutia) Card.

Backbg. nom.nov. Bo. simple or caespitose, spherical, flattened, dark
greyish-green, 1-1.5 cm h., 1.5-2.5 cm 0 , crown
R. brunescens: MediolobiviabrunescensRausch. sunken; R. napiform, long; Ri. c. 17, spiralled,
tuberculate, Tub. rounded, 4 mm 0 ; Ar. 4 mm
R. brunneoradicata (FR 1109): description not apart, linear, 4-5 mm lg., with + greyish-black felt.
available. Sp. 11-17, pectinate, appressed, somewhat in­
terlacing, 3^4 mm lg., straw-yellow, thickened and
R. buiningiana(Aylostera) Rausch. blackish at the base, densely covering the crown
434
 REBUTIA

P - lateral, funnelform, 2.5 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , glossy very large; style not united.—Bolivia (Huari
--genta; Ov. with greenish-purple Sc.; Tu. short, Huari).
• .:n green, dark-tipped Sc.; Sep. spatulate, ma­ FI.to 5 cm 0 , brilliant red, self-sterile; stylewhitish
genta, whitish below; Pet. lanceolate, magenta; Fil. to flesh-coloured; Tu. with dull dark red Sc.; Fr.
~ agenta; An. yellow; style thin, whitish, with 4 dull red.
■ eliowish-green Sti. Distinguished from R. in-
-exiseta by the shorter appressed Sp., smaller FI. R. glomerisetaCard. (1)
*nd more numerous Pet.—Bolivia (Prov. Zudañez, Bo. spherical, offsetting, to c. 6 cm 0 ; Tub. in 20
auquisaca, Cara-Cara Mountains, 2400 m). spirals; Ar. light brown or white; Sp. numerous,
bristly, 2-3 cm lg., white, strongly interlacing,
' carminea Buin.: at most a form of R.violacifiora covering the Bo. quite densely, some Sp. more
knuthiana(Backbg.) Don. projecting; FI. 2.5 cm lg., golden-yellow; Ov. light
yellow; Sep.yellow with a lilac sheen; stylewhite;
K chrysacanthaBackbg. (1) Sti. light yellow.—Bolivia (Dept. Cochabamba;
■o . eventually tall-spherical, to c. 6 cm h., 5 cm 0 , Sucre, Flacienda Ressini.* (Fig. 358.)
-esh green; Sp. 25-30, Csp. little differentiated! Referred by Ritter to Sulcorebutia—unjustifiably
: eral darker and thicker below, to 1.2 cm lg., all in my view, as the Ar. are round, not linear.
-nstly, fine, at least the more central Sp. becoming
Plow towards the end of the season; FI. to 5 R. gracilifloraBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 13
lg., yellowish-red, self-fertile; Tu. yellowish- 1963(1).
: range.—N. Argentina (Salta). Bo. spherical, dark green, to over 2.5 cm 0 ; Ri.
elegans (Backbg.) Backbg.: distinguished by spiralled, Tub. slender; Rsp. and Csp. not differen­
the more whitish Sp., only the tips slightly tiated, c. 15, very short, hyaline, grey, sometimes
yellowish; all Sp.fine, dense. irregularly darker to blackish (!), c. 2 mm lg.,
iseliniana (Krainz) Don.: see R. senilis v. missing at first in the crown; FI.only c. 1.8 cm lg.,
iseliniana Krainz. 1.7 cm 0 , light red, slightly yellowish (colour as in
Aylostera spinosissima); Tu. 1 cm lg., glabrous,
"Ccintiensis (FR 938): no description available. yellowish-greenish, with pale green Sc.; Ov.
yellowish-green, Sc. green; Fil.and stylewhite; Sti.
?. citricarpa Fric: Rebutía xanthocarpa v. citri- white, papillose.—N. Argentina (no locality given).
r-arpaFric ex Backbg. (Fig. 359.) Distinguished from R. xanthocarpa v.
luteirosea Backbg. by the dark green Bo., divergent
-'.ebutia colorea (FR 1106): no description avail­ colour of Csp., greenish Tu. and Ov.
able.
I R. gracilispina Ritt. (FR 1118): no description
R.corroanaCard. 1971 I available.
Bo. spherical, 5 cm h., 6-7 cm 0 , fresh green; Ri.c.
spiralled, flattened, divided into low Tub. 12 R. grandifloraBackbg. (1)
mm 0 ; Ar. 1 cm apart, round, 3 mm 0 , brown- Bo. larger than in R. minúscula, to c. 7.5 cm 0 , 5
:e‘ty, projecting; Sp. over 25, thin, spreading, cm h.; Tub.in c. 26 spirals; Rsp.c. 25, bristly, short,
-iarp, unequal, 3-15 mm lg.; crown slightly whitish; Csp. c. 4, very short, darker, scarcely
repressed, densely spiny; FI.lateral, 2.5 cm lg., 1.8 differentiated, darker below; FI.larger than in R.
mn 0 ; Ov. with reddish-brownish Sc.; Tu. short, minúscula, to 6.5 cm lg., brilliant carmine.—N.
ellow with dark red Sc.; Sep. golden-yellow, with Argentina (Salta, Quebrada Escoipe).
rrownish-red dots outside; Pet. sulphur-yellow; Regarded by Krainz as a variety of R. minúscula;
styleyellow with 5 light yellow Sti.— Bolivia (Prov. however its locality is isolated, and it is clearly
r-Topeza, Dept. Chuquisaca, Cuesta del Meadero divergent in the dimensions of Bo. and FI., and has
2720 m). a longer Tu.
R. densipectinata Ritt. (FR 758): no description
available. * [Translator’s note: Acc. Donald (Ashingtonia II, 7.
138, 1976) Backeberg’s habitat details are incorrect: not
R. eos: MediolobiviaeosRausch. only is Sucre in Dept. Chuquisaca, but the true habitat is
near Naranjito, above the Rio Ayopaya, Ayopaya Prov.,
R.fiebigianaW. Heinr. n.sp. (in MS) (1) Dept. Cochabamba; Backeberg confused Rebutia
(Sulco.) glomeriseta Card, with a superficially similar
Differentiated from others of SG. Rebutía as plant found by Frank at Hacienda Ressini (“ Rebutia
rollows: Bo. larger, not caespitose, crown very spinosissima” = R. nivosa Ritt. nom.nud.), and mod­
deeply sunken; Sp. tipped yellowish-brown; FI. ified the habitat of S. glomeriseta accordingly.]

435
REBUTIA

!R. haseltonii Card. 1966: see Sulcorebutia hasel- rather similar but has thinner and + projecting Sp.
Itonii(Card.) Donald. (see R. calliantha).
v. breviseta hort.: a form without Csp., with lax
R.hyalacantha(Backbg.) Backbg. (2?) linear Pet.
Bo. to c. 8 cm 0 , green; Sp.c. 25, c. 2 cm lg., Csp.
not clearly differentiated, all crowded, glassy, R. kruegeri Card.: Sulcorebutia kruegeri (Card.)
yellowish-white; FI. red, self-sterile.—N. Argen­ Backbg.
tina (Salta).
Pollination with spec, of SG. 1 said to be R. lanosiflora (FR 1116): no description available.
unsuccessful. Since it is self-sterile, it cannot be a
variety of R. senilis. Differs from R. wessneriana R. mamillosa(Aylostera) Rausch
(with Sp. white, tipped brown) by its glassy, Bo. spherical, 20 mm 0 , caespitose, dark green to
yellowish-white Sp. Segregation of the 2 spec, is brown; Ri.14-16, spiralled, Tub. 3-4 mm lg.; Ar.2
necessary in my view, to avoid confusion. mm lg., brown-felty; Rsp. 8-10, spreading, 3-4
pairs to each side and 1 each upwards and
R. inflexiseta(Sulcorebutia) Card. downwards, to 4 mm lg., yellow, brown below:
Bo. spherical, simple or offsetting, 1-2.5 cm h., Csp. 0-1, brown, 2 mm lg.; FI.lateral, c. 40 mm lg.
2-3.5 cm 0 , crown sunken; Ri. 14-17, spiralled, and 0 ; Sep. narrow, brownish-pink with a
broken into rounded Tub. 4-5 mm 0 ; Ar. 3-4 mm greenish M.-stripe; Pet. narrow, acute, red; Fr.
apart, slightly felty; Sp. 14-18, pectinate, thin- spherical, 4 mm 0 ; S.cap-shaped, 1 mm lg., testa
acicular, flexible, or radiating and projecting, black, glossy, Resembles Aylostera spegazzin-
interlacing, whitish-yellow, base thickened, black­ iana.—Bolivia (W. of Camargo, 3300 m).
ish, 5-15 mm lg.; FI. basal, funnelform, 3 cm lg., 2
cm 0 , magenta; Ov. spherical, green, with broad R. margarethae Rausch 1972
Sc.; T'u. c. 1 cm lg., with light green Sc.; Sep. Bo.simple, to 4 cm h. and 6 cm 0 , epidermis violet-
spatulate, magenta-lilac; Pet. lanceolate, magenta brown; R.napiform; Ri.15-17, spiralled, withe. 10
above, whitish below; Fil. dark magenta; An. light prominent round Tub.; Ar.oval to oblong, c. 3 mm
yellow; style light green, with 7 short emerald- 0 , white-felty; Rsp. 7-11, spreading to appressed.
green Sti.—Bolivia (Prov. Zudanez, Dept. Chu- 15-20 mm lg., often ± curving, dark brown, yellow
quisaca, around Prest, 2400 m). Distinguished by below, later greying; FI.lateral, c. 40 mm lg. and 35
the long, upper Sp. which are flexible and inter­ mm 0 ; Ov. and Tu.yellowish-pink with green Sc.:
lacing, as well as by the FI. of only a few Pet. Sep. pink, with a green M.-stripe; Pet. spatulate.
red, orange inside, throat and Fil. yellow; style
R.kariusianaWessn.—Kakt. u.a. Sukk., 14: 8,149. white, with 6 white Sti.; Fr.flat-spherical, c. 4 mm
1963(1). 0 ; S. cap-shaped, 1.3 mm lg. and 1 mm 0 . —
Bo. leaf-green, spherical, with a depressed and Argentina (Salta, near Santa Victoria, 3500 ml.
spiny crown, to c. 5 cm 0 , little offsetting; Ri. (Fig. 524.)
spiralled, tuberculate; Ar. c. 5 mm apart; Rsp. Named by W. Rausch for his wife, Margarethe, in
8-10, 3-6 mm lg., light brown to white, lighter at recognition for her help in caring for his plants.
first; Csp. 3-4, dark brown, thickened below, to 6
mm lg.; budlight green, pointed; FI.c. 2.5 cm lg., 4 R. marsoneriWerd. (1)
cm 0 , intense pinkish-red; Pet. lanceolate, acute, Bo. broadly rounded, offsetting little or not at all.
with a light brownish dorsal stripe; Tu. 1.2 cm lg., to 5 cm 0 , to c. 4 cm h., sometimes broader, light
with pale green Sc.; Ov. pale to olive-green; Fil. green; Ar. brownish-white; Sp. c. 30-35, scarcely
yellow; style white above, pinkish-white below; differentiated, lower ones to 5 mm lg., more
Sti. yellow; Fr. yellowish-green when ripe, 6 mm whitish, upper ones 9-15, rather stouter, c. 8-15
0 ; S. glossy, black, hilum white.—N. Argentina mm lg., reddish-brown, at least above, apparently
(Salta?). (Fig. 360.) Said to be self-sterile. also variable in colour, to all Sp. whitish; FI. self-
sterile, to 4.5 cm lg., light to intense yellow, inner
R. krainzianaKesselr. (1) Pet. also + orange-yellow; stylelight yellow; Sti.
Bo.offsetting freely, single head to 5 cm h., 4 cm 0 , white; S. matt, black.—N. Argentina (Jujuy).
light green; Tub. very small; Ar. white, relatively v. brevispina Don.: nom.nud. for a short-spined
large, mostly rather oblong, to 2 mm lg.; Sp. 8-12, form;
bristly, very thin, very short, snow-white, 1-2 mm v. grandiflora Don,: nom.nud.; acc. to the name,
lg.; FI.intense red, yellowish below, c. 3 cm lg., 4 cm must have larger FI.;
0 ; Ov. with brownish-violet Sc.—Bolivia. v. spathulata Don.: Pet. spatulate; Tu. with
The spec, is self-sterile, and easily recognized; R. violet-red Sc.; S. glossy, black; the so-called
senilis v. breviseta Backbg., which is self-fertile, is “false R. marsoneri” ;
436
 REBUTIA

■ .vatteri Don.: FI. self-sterile; S. glossy, black R. pseudopygmaea Ritt. (FR 1122): no description
Jujuy); Pet. broader in this and also the available.
preceding variety; both offset more freely than
the type. R. pulchera Card. = Sulcorebutiapulchera Card.:
no description available.
{?-• melachlora (FR 935), from N. Argentina: no
description available. R. ritteri (Wessn.) Bum. & Don., and its forms: f.
peterseimii Buin. & Don. and f. hahniana Buin. &
menesesii Card.: Sulcorebutiamenesesii(Card.) Don., all in Sukkde. VII/VIII, 103. 1963: see under
Backbg. Mediolobivia ritteri (Wessn.) Krainz or M. nig­
ricans v. peterseimii (Fric); f. hahniana probably
R. minúsculaK. Sch. (1)(T.) belongs to the same spec.
Bo. depressed-rounded to spherical, simple or
: zsetting, to c. 5 cm 0 ; Tub.in 16-20 spirals, light JR. rosalbiflora Ritt. (FR 1115): no description
green; Sp. 25-30, 2-3 mm lg., whitish, Csp. not Iavailable.
zstinguishable as such; FI.to 4 cm lg., bright red;
Pet. tapering; Ov. pale red; Fr.scarlet, 3 mm 0 . — R. senilisBackbg. (1)
j Argentina (Tucuman). Pink FI. also reported. Listed here are all plants with larger, red or yellow
. he varietal names sometimes referred here mostly FI., with projecting, fine, + white Sp. which, while
:<elong to varieties of small-flowered R. xantho- variable in length, are never pectinate or appressed.
carpa. Var. senilis is now unfortunately more or less lost,
and it has the longest, densest and pure white Sp.:
minutissima Ritt. (FR 1124): no description Bo.to 8 cm lg., 7 cm 0 , deep green; Sp.numerous,
r.ailable. long, chalky-white, dense, c. 25, to 3 cm lg.; FI.3.5
cm 0 , self-fertile, carmine, throat white; Pet.
multicolor (FR 1108): no description available. pointed; Ov. yellowish-orange.—N. Argentina
(Salta, upper Quebrada Escoipe). (Fig. 362.)
.-v nitida Ritt. (FR 769): no description available. v. aurescens Backbg.: Sp. later becoming +
yellowish^ or only the Csp., all fine, thin, dense;
R patericalyx Ritt. (FR 757) and v. odontopeta FI.large, mid-red; Bo.subspherical;
A:t. (FR 757a): no description available. v. breviseta Backbg.: Sp. very short but not
pectinate, at most 4-7 mm lg.; FI.mid-red;
R pauciareolata Ritt. (FR 1121): no description v. cana hort.: only a name;
available. v. iseliniana Krainz: Sp. hair-like, lax, with a
yellowish sheen or pure white; FI. orange-red;
R. permutata W, Heinr.—Descr. Cact. Nov. III- Bo.rounded;
13. 1963(1). v. kesselringiana Bewg.: Sp. laxly projecting,
Distinguished from R. wessneriana by the Bo. 30-35, 8-12 mm lg., white to pale yellowish; Ar.
oeing simple or scarcely offsetting, crown densely crowded; FI.to 4.5 cm 0 , light yellow, inner Pet.
* hite-spined (not ± spineless), Sp. not brown- golden-yellow; Fr.olive; S.glossy black;
r.pped; the rather long, dense Sp. are off-white; FI. v. lilacino-rosea Backbg.: Sp. as in the type; FI.
self-sterile. The spec, comes true from seed.— light lilac-pink;
Origin? (Fig. 361, right), v. schieliana Bewg.: Sp. c. 15, whitish, tipped
f. gokrausei W. Heinr.—l.c., 1963: a seedling brownish or yellowish, fairly dense; FT. 4 cm lg.
form with the Bo.shortly columnar, not broadly and 0 , outer Pet. crimson, inner ones more
spherical as in the type. Spination finer, so that orange-red; Tu. and Ov. with violet Sc.;
the plants resemble a juvenile Cleistocactus v. semperflorens Poind.: a sport which arose in
strausii; Sp. are white, long, hair-like or bristly; cultivation; caespitose, with numerous FI.;
FI. stout, the longer Tu. likewise. The form v. sieperdaiana (Buin.) Backbg.: Sp. only mod­
occurred in the nursery of Gottfried Krause, erately lg., very fine; Ar.rather more distant than
Dresden-Stetzsch, by cross-pollinating several in v. kesselringiana, with the spirals of Tub. thus
parent plants of this self-sterile spec., but was not not so distinct; FI. (self-sterile?) c. 4.5 cm lg., 3.5
reproduced in later attempts. Since older Re- cm 0 , deep yellow, pinkish-yellow outside; Pet.
butias, like some Sulcorebutias and Aylosteras, fairly broad, rounded above, or slit, or apiculate;
in part show a more strongly columnar habit, v. stuemeri Backbg.: Sp. as in v. senilis, but
this form may represent a similar reversion rather laxer; FI. brick-red, throat and Pet.-
resulting from a possibly latent factor. (Fig. 361, border often yellowish, Pet. rather laxly out­
left.) spread. Further varietal names may be found
437
REBUTIA

under other specific names, sometimes with R.violacifloraBackbg. (1)

specific status. Bo. spherical, mostly simple, yellowish-green,
small, to c. 2 cm 0 (ungrafted); Ar. yellowish-
R. singularis Ritt. (FR 1423): no description white ; Sp. c. 20, bristly, stiff, radiating, deep
available. golden-brown, to 2.5 cm lg., Csp. stouter; FI.c. 3.5
cm lg., 3 cm 0, self-fertile, light violet-red.—N.
R. sphaerica Ritt. (FR 1140): no description Argentina (Salta, upper Quebrada Escoipe).
available. v. knuthiana(Backbg.) Don.: Bo. matt, pale light
green, to 4.5 cm 0 ; Ar. brown; Sp. hair-like, 30
R. tamboensis (FR 1142): no description available. and more, brown, + interlacing sideways,
mostly lighter below; FI. 4.5 cm lg., dull carmine
R. tarvitensis (FR 773): no description available. (Salta).

R. torquata (FR 1117): no description available. R. vizcarraeCard.

Bo. broadly spherical, 3-3.5 cm h., 4—5 cm br.,
R. totorensis Card.: Sulcorebutiatotorensis(Card.) greyish-green, crown sunken; Ri.c. 18, tuberculate.
Ritt. 4mm h.,5 mm br.;Ar. 1cm apart, elliptic, 4-6 mm
lg., grey-felty; Rsp. c. 17, pectinate-radiating, 4-8
R. tropacolitica Ritt. (FR 1114): no description mm lg.; Csp. 2-3, radiating, 8-11 mm lg.; all Sp.
available. yellowish-white or brownish, sharp; FI.numerous,
lateral, funnelform, dark magenta, 3.5 Cm lg., 2 cm
R.tubereulato-chrysanthaCard. 1971 (? Mediolob- br.; Ov. spherical, 5 mm lg., green, with broad Sc.;
ivia?) Tu. short, only 5 mm lg., with Sc. 3-5 mm lg.; Sep.
Bo. caespitose, short-cylindric, greyish-green, 20 x 2 mm, pink, tipped green; Pet. lanceolate,
15-20 mm lg„ 15-22 mm 0 ; Ri.c. 11, tuberculate; 20 x 4 mm, light magenta; stylethin, white, with 5
Ar. 3 mm apart, elliptic, 2.5 mm lg., grey-felty; Sp. yellow Sti.— Bolivia (Prov. Mizque, Cochabamba,
8-10, pectinate, slender-bristly, white, purple near Mizque, at 2000 m). Named for Eufronio-
below, 2 mm lg.; FI.few, basal, funnelform, 30-32 Vizcarra of Mizque. This plant is conspicuous for
mm lg., 25-30 mm 0 ; Ov. round, 3 mm lg., light the straight, radiating spines.
green with greenish-yellow Sc.; Tu,20 mm lg., pink
below, lighter above, glabrous, with yellowish R. wessnerianaBewg. (1)
Sc. 3 mm lg.; Sep. spatulate, 16x5 mm, reddish; Bo. broadly rounded, freely offsetting, crown only
Pet.lanceolate, 12x5 mm, golden-yellow; Fil.red + felty, virtually spineless, showing clearly through
below, yellow above; An. yellow; style 15 mm lg., the Sp., to 7 cm h., 8 cm br., green, suffused ±
white, with 7 light yellow Sti.—Bolivia (Prov. violet in strong sunshine; Ri. not completely
Chapare, Dept. Cochabamba, up to c. 3500 m). divided into Tub.; Ar. 5 mm apart; Rsp. and Csp.
not differentiated, c. 25, c. 2 cm lg.; FI.c. 5.5 cm 0-
R. turbinata hort., not described: said to resemble blood-red; Tu. red, Sc. violet; style pinkish-
R. krainziana, but to have smaller FI. and divergent orange; Sti. white; Fil. red.—N. Argentina (loc­
spination. ality not known).
See R. hyalacantha and R. permutata for differ­
R.vallegrandensisCard. (Aylostera Speg.) ences separating these spec.
Bo. spherical or short-cylindric, 4-6 cm h., 4-5 cm
0, fresh green, crown flattened, densely spiny; Ri. R. xanthocarpaBackbg. (1)
c. 20, weakly tuberculate; Ar. 4-5 mm apart, Bo. subspherical, to 4.5 cm h., c. 5 cm 0, leaf-
rounded, prominent, white-felty; Sp. 30 or more, green, offsetting from below; Sp. 15-20, fine,
tangled, radiating and projecting, 3-10 mm lg., hyaline, c. 4 directed upwards, slightly yellowish
bristly, very thin; FI. numerous, lateral or basal, and rather stouter, to c. 7 mm lg., others shorter,
funnelform, 2.5 cm lg., 2 cm 0, red; Ov. spherical, lowest ones only 1-2 mm lg.;FT.small, to 2 cm 0,
3 mm 0, brownish-green, with Sc. and a few short self-fertile, carmine, rather lighter inside; Tu. red:
white H.; Tu. narrow, 1 cm lg., 2 mm 0, light red, Ov. light carmine; Fr. yellowish.—N. Argentina
with Sc. and short white H.; Sep. magenta-red, (Salta).
acute; Pet. lanceolate, blood-red; Fil. white; An. v. citricarpa Fric ex Backbg.: FI. mid-carmine:
yellow; stylewhite, with 5 yellow Sti.; Fr.spherical, Ov. and Fr.greenish-yellow;
3.5 mm 0 ; S. mitre-shaped, subspherical below, v. coerulescens Backbg.: FI. bluish-red; Pet.
black, finely pitted.—Bolivia (Prov. Vallegrande, rather shorter, narrower (lanceolate) and laxer
Santa Cruz, near Candellaria, at 2000 m). Col­ than in v. dasyphrissa; Ov. orange-yellow;
lected by W. Rausch. v. dasyphrissa (Werd.) Backbg.: Sp. rather

438
 REBUTIA—REICHEOCACTUS
longer and whiter; FI. bluish-red; Pet. more In the genus as conceived until now, 3 species have
crowded, broader and rather longer than in the been described.—Distribution: Chile (not com­
preceding variety; Tu. and Ov. olive; Fr.golden- pletely satisfactorily established in the case of the
yellow ; type-species). [(R); the type-species grows very well
v. lutelroseaBackbg.: FI.pale yellowish-red; on its own roots; other spec, do better if grafted.]
v.salmones Fric ex Backbg.: FI. + salmon-red;
Ov. pale red; R.floribundusBackbg.
v. violaciflora (Backbg.) Backbg.: FI. like R. Bo.simple, bluish-green, to c. 6 cm 0 (acc. my only-
violaciflora in colour, i.e. deep brilliant violet, available plant); Ri. 13, rather spiralled, thickened
but smaller, or only as large as those of v. around the Ar., with a deep transverse furrow
xanthocarpa. between the Ar., with a strongly chin-like pro­
tuberance, sometimes washed reddish; Sp.scarcely
A hybrid which must be mentioned here because of differentiated, in all 10-18, 2-3 of these more
.ts significance is: Rebutía hybrida albiflora central, rather stouter, to 11 mm lg., porrect, others
Meisterstück” ;raised bythenurseryman Stirnadel, shorter, especially the 1—3(-4) in the upper part of
:his was a cross between a Rebutía and a spec. the Ar., all pale yellowish-brown, tipper darker; FI.
:rom the Pseudolobivia complex around P. poly- 2.5 cm lg., 1.8 cm 0 , remaining half-open, mid­
ancistra; the Bo. fully resembled Rebutía, but the yellow; Tu. only hairy; Fr. violet-red; S. matt
H. was white, a colour not yet seen in this genus. black, 1 mm lg.—Chile.
Self-sterile. Unpollinated FI. produce Fr. which are
R. candiae Card., R. canigueralii Card., R. always without S.
xruegeri (Card.) Backbg., R. menesesii Card., R.
steinjmchii Werd., R. taratensis Card., R. tir- R. neoreichei(Backbg.) Backbg.
aquensis Card., R. totorensis Card, and R. Bo. spherical, eventually oblong; Ri. divided into
unariensis Card.: see SulcorebutiaBackbg. small Tub.; Sp. c. 18-19, hyaline at first, roughly
Rebutia-names will be found under AylosteraSpeg. hairy, pectinate, Csp. often absent or variously
f the FI. have H. and Br„ and the style and tube directed; Ar. more strongly woolly in the apex; FI.
_re stem-like and united; otherwise see under densely woolly-hairy but without Br., fairly
MediolobiviaBackbg. large.—Chile.
Recent names of Ritter’s, published as Rebutía, Ritter’s "C’hileorebutia reichei FR 501” was
belong to Aylostera and should be sought there. supposedly a re-collection of the plant described
by Schumann. This cannot be correct, since
“Echus. reichei K. Sch.” had floral Br., and the Sp.
Reicheocactus Backbg. (124) were not rougly hairy. Ritter’s data in Winter’s
catalogue 13. 1962: "Synonymous with Neochi-
A genus which is interesting from several points of lenia reichei (see also the latter) and further new
iew, and also a disputed one. The type-species is a specific names” are thus inaccurate; moreover it
riant which was long regarded as "Echinocactus would mean that Neochilenia lembckei, the above
eichei K. Sch.”, until it was noticed that it lacked spec, and Neochilenia pseudoreichei were the same
re floral bristles of Schumann’s species. Yet again, as Neochilenia or Chileorebutia reichei. My close-
:lie degrees of floral indumentum had proved their up photographs, Vol. Ill of "Die Cact.”, show that
•orth and demonstrated that “Echus. reichei hort. the 3 spec, are clearly differentiated. Possibly Dr.
rerm.” was not the true plant; in fact it had not Kraus re-collected the genuine Echus. reichei (Vol.
been described. Frau Heese, wife of the first im­ Ill: Fig. 1755, p. 1825. 1959).
porter, said it came from Chile. At that time,.apart
::om Copiapoa, no Chilean species were known R. pseudoreicheanusBackbg. (T.)
•hich did not have floral bristles, and the "false Bo. eventually ± ovoid, to c. 7 cm h., 6 cm 0 ,
Echus. reichei had to be given a new genus and a rarely or little offsetting, dark greyish olive-green;
name: Reicheocactus pseudoreicheanus. It is Ri. to c. 40, completely divided into flattened-
characterised by a later ± barrel-shaped habit, and roundish little Tub., epidermis pitted; Ar. oblong,
:ne ribs are divided into extremely tiny tubercles, with sparse brown or light brownish felt, incon­
* bile the spines are + curving and appressed; the spicuous in the depressed crown; Rsp. 7-9,
r.ower is short, without a discernible tube, and the appressed sideways, paired, thickened below, to 3
filaments are not arranged in 2 series. The fruit is mm lg., dark below, more yellowish above, all ±
said to split laterally. In the meantime further curving, the lowest one sometimes appressed
onstle-less species have become known from Chile, downwards and thinnest; FI. yellow, + reddish-
and they must be referred provisionally to brownish outside, to 3.5 cm lg. and 0 , shortly
Reicheocactus. funnelform, without a hymen; Tu.extremely short.
439
REICHEOCACTUS—RHIPSALIS

without Br., with dense brownish-grey H.; style R.rosea(Lag.) Br. & R. (T.)
red; Fr. woolly, said to dehisce by splitting Bo.at first reddish or pale green, then darker green,
longitudinally.—Locality ? (Fig. 364, left; 365.) matt; Seg. later ± reddish in the sun, to c. 3.7 cm
One clone is known to be a shy bloomer. lg., to 11 mm br. above, to 3 mm thick, margin with
Acc. Buining. Ritter found this species again in 2-3 notches; sometimes 3^4-angled Seg. appear
Argentina, near the village of Famatina (FR 459). between the flat ones; Seg. with slender bristly H..
Others have since looked for it there, but have not but not so strongly bristly as the variety; FI.to 3 at
found it. once, with a very short Tu., rotate, 3.7 cm 0 , pink;
Ritter himself has made no report on his discov­ stylepinkish-red; Sti.3-4, white; Fr.yellowish, ±
eries, and did not include "Echus.” famatimensis depressed, faintly angular, with floral remains; S.
in the Winter catalogues. However he found brown. (Fig. 367.)
material which was similar, although the spination v. remanens Backbg.: Bo.with very small shoots,
was different, as shown by the close-up photo­ densely bushy; Seg. short, differing from the type
graphs in the illustrated section: in that later Seg. are not flat, but 4—5-angled,
only very rarely 3-angled; Br. always plentiful,
Reicheocactus sp.: Bo. resembling the preceding, whitish, very thin, at most 2 mm lg.; extremely
lighter green, not barrel-shaped and slightly slow-growing in cultivation. Said to have been
tapering above as in the type-spec, of Rei­ re-collected recently.
cheocactus (unlike Lobivia famatimensis (Speg.)
Br. & R.); Ri. running vertically, Tub. more Rhipsalidopsis serrata Lindgr.: Epiphyllopsis
crowded and the Ri. therefore more distinct; Ar. gaertneriv. serrata(Lindgr.) Backbg.
more crowded, light brownish to whitish, more
densely woolly at the depressed apex; Sp. c. 9, pale
yellow, reddish and thickened below; FI. yellow, Rhipsalis Gartn. (20)*
slender-funnelform, expanding sharply above the
short Tu., H. more flocky and slighter than in Epiphytic plants, mostly freely branching and
“Echus. famatimensis Speg.” (Fig. 363, 364 right.) hanging, occasionally sprawling over rocks, some­
Ritter recently said of his plants “genus?”, and times climbing, forming fibrous aerial roots.
added a v. haematantha (FR 459c) which, from the Shoots very variable in shape (sometimes even
name, must have red FI. Since his plants can only within a single species): terete, angular or leaf-like,
belong to Reicheocactus, it would be appropriate thin to broadly subcircular, sometimes with minute
(see also under Lobivia famatimensis) to name scales; flowering areoles not sunken, small, glab­
them Reicheocactus pseudofamatimensis and v. rous or with hairlets and even bristles. Flowers
haematantha. mostly solitary, occasionally several at the same
time from a single areole, especially in the broadly
leaf-like kinds; flowers always small, greenish-
Rhipsalidopsis Br. & R. (26) white, white, yellow(ish) or pink, or reddish-
purple, lasting for several days. The small berry-
Small epiphytic, non-climbing and dimorphic fruits decorate the plant in various colours, from
shrubs: at first subterete 4-5-angled shoots de­ white to red to very dark, or even golden-yellow:
velop, their angles with weak yellowish-white these normally contain only few, rarely more
spines or bristles; later stem-segments consist numerous, small seeds of variable form, and from
predominantly or exclusively of flat-clavate sec­ light brown to black.
tions, with broad apical areoles from which the new 4 subgenera are distinguished on the basis of shoot-
shoots and the small regular pink flowers appear. shape :
In the variety, the angular and bristly character of SG. 1: Rhipsalis: shoots + terete, not noticeably
the shoot remains constant. While the genus is bristly, stouter to very thin, terminal
related to Epiphyllopsis, it has a 4-angled ovary shoots sometimes faintly angular or
and a 4-angled, slightly depressed fruit; the furrowed, especially when shrunken;
filaments are crowded only around the base of the SG. 2 Ophiorhipsalis K. Sch.: shoots terete.
style, and there is no nectary.—Distribution: S. always bristly (glabrous only in age);
Brazil (State of Paraná). [ Q.(R).] SG. 3: Goniorhipsalis K. Sch.: Shoots distincth
Reid Moran has also referred Epiphyllopsis to this angular or ribbed, sometimes or in part
genus; see under the latter genus for the differences. flattened;

R. gaertneri (Reg.) Lindgr. and v. tiburtii (Backbg. * Haage adds here: Buxbaum states that all Lepismium
& Voll) Moran: Epiphyllopsis gaertneri (Reg.) spec, (except L. cruciforme, with its distinctive Fl.-
Berg, and v. tiburtiiBackbg. & Voll. structure) should now be referred back to Rhipsalis.

440
 RHIPSALIS

Kj -4: Phyllorhipsalis K. Sch.: terminal or main a Disocactus, unless he could refer to other works
shoots leaf-like, only a few primary with the appropriate references. The phylogene-
shoots 3-angled and even these often + ticist may have interesting observations to make,
terete. but the plant-geographer and other practical
I figure following each specific name indicates workers can make little use of them, and have to
- appropriate subgenus.—Distribution: from apply the customary and well-founded classifi­
Florida through Mexico and the Antilles to much cations. Kimnach’s other combinations show that
further south in S. America; also in the Old World: he is not too clear about the end-results of his
n more southern Africa, Madagascar to Ceylon treatment, or at least he makes no comment on the
-ore recent studies have shown + divergent subject. Consider here the example of the highly
.".aracters so that these do not appear to be questionable inclusion of Matucana in Borzicactus
-'productions). [(R).///.] ... whereupon Hutchison discovered a +
Kimnach has transferred R. angustissima, cori- flattened-spherical Submatucana which, according
-:ea, jamaicensis, leiophloea, purpusii and ram- to Kimnach, must also be referred to the cereoid
Josa to Disocactus (see latter also), and united Genus Borzicactus. These cases add point to my
-an all under D. ramulosus. He himself says: “all concluding words in “Die Caet.” Vol. VI, in which
:-ve minute flowers and fruits”. His principal I quoted L. Stebbins Jr. who rightly declared that
reason for inclusion within Disocactus was the phylogenetics and phytogeography are separate
- pstence of the "floral bracteoles” or—as Vaupel and distinct disciplines, each of which should
--¿id of his Group “Ramulosae”—“ovaries scaly”. pursue its own appointed tasks. Kimnach’s goals
Kimnach draws comparisons with Pseudorhip- are thus not in harmony with those of the present
is, which he also transfers to Disocactus, work which calls for a comprehensive classification
nentions convergences, and passes on from based on naturally-occurring factors, which will
similarities of individual characters to unification. assist the practical worker; because the work of
*'• nile this work is undoubtedly interesting, it is of Britton and Rose has been overtaken by recent
greater importance in the field of phylogenetics, discoveries, no such classification exists, and the
_r.d is fundamentally theoretical. For instance, just arrangement under my Systematic Survey must
: quote the matter of “floral bracteoles”, I have therefore stand.
rserved that in Lepismium, inter alia, flowering
-nort shoots may possess distinct scaliness (perhaps R. aculeataWeb. (2)
- reversion), and shortly stem-like tubes occur in Bo. branching, climbing up tree-trunks, forming
Thipsalis. We have no certain knowledge of how numerous aerial R.; shootscylindric, rigid, green;
:he different forms arose, and we are only guessing Ri. 8-10, indistinct; Ar. whitish; Br. 8-10, radiat­
-aless we start from the basis of classification in ing, ± appressed, ± rigid, 3-4 mm lg., white; FI.
-ccordance with natural phenomena. borne on the margins, c. 2 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , white;
^ tile it is one of the tasks of a phytographic Ov. spherical, with small Sc.; Fr.dark wine-red; S.
handbook to take account of the observations and c. 20, spindle-shaped, brown.—Argentina, Brazil,
pinions of other authors, it still remains most Paraguay.
mportant to refrain from advancing any theory
regarding the way in which our present genera, R. angustissimaWeb. (4)
-oecies and specific characters have arisen, because Bo. much branching, hanging; shootsof two types:
- .0 such theory can be proved; equally, the clearest lower ones cylindric, woody, c. 25 cm lg., 2-3 mm
possible approach, and one most closely according 0 , later ones leaf-like, lanceolate, slightly serrate;
-ith the facts of Nature, has to be chosen because terminalshootsto only 1.3 cm br., with a stout M.-
f practical requirements; in the case of Rhipsalis, nerve, brownish-red at first, then glossy dark
*ar instance, Schumann’s division into subgenera is green; Ar. sparsely white-felty; FI. 4-5 mm lg.,
■elpful. An overall classification on this basis does carmine outside, lighter inside: Ov. spherical, with
r at permit the unification of species which are some carmine Sc.; Fr. matt, white; S. numerous,
..early distinct as to flower-size etc. or which have oblong, apiculate, very glossy, black.—Costa Rica
relatively widely separated distributions, merely on (near Caché).
the grounds that they may possibly be closely
related; in any case, segregation according to R. bermejensis Ritt. (FR 364): not described;
: egrees of relationship is a matter of opinion. Since somewhat resembles R. madagascarensis.
Kimnach, for example, has not provided any
comprehensive classification with the necessary R. boliviana(Britt.) Lauterb. (4)
Keys, anyone happening to see Rhipsalis ramulosa Bo. with primary shoots ± 4-angled, narrowly
in flower would not have known that this Rhipasalis winged below; terminalshootsleaf-like, to 2 cm br.,
>oecies with its tiny flowers was now supposed to be irregularly notched, thin, flat; M.-rib robust; Ar.

441
RHIPSALIS

very woolly-felty, Br. to 10, 2 mm lg.; FI. solitary, Seg.; Ar. small, Sc. minute, with traces of felt,
rarely paired or in 3’s, c. 1.5 cm lg., yellow; Fr. with 2-4 short weak Br.; FI. to 3-4 at one time, c. 2
spherical, colour not known.—Bolivia. cm 0 , white, spreading. Pet. convex; Fr. spherical,
olive-green at first, then transparent light pink; S.
R. burchellii Br. & R. (1) glossy, dark brown, numerous.—Brazil (around
Bo. hanging, branching in whorls or forking; shoots Rio de Janeiro).
threadlike, 4-10 cm lg., primary ones to 60 cm lg.,
terminal ones to only 6 cm lg., 1-2 mm thick, if R. cereuscula Haw. (1)
verticillate, then in 3’s or 4’s, all ± clavate, light Bo. shrubby-bushy, mostly hanging, to c. 60 cm lg.;
green to reddish; Ar. with woolly felt at first, long shoots 20-30 cm lg., 3M mm thick, dark green;
without Br.; FI. close to the apex, numerous, 1.5 cm short shoots dense, spiralled or in whorls each of a
lg., bellshaped, whitish; Ov. without Sc.; Fr. few shoots, elliptic or shortly cylindric, 4—5-angled,
pink.—Brazil (Sao Paulo; Serra de Mar to Cerras 1-3 cm lg., light green; Ar. sparsely felty, with 2-4
de Caldas). short white Br.; FI. subapical, rarely paired,
bellshaped, c. 1.5 cm lg., 2 cm 0 , white; Ov.
R. campos-portoana Lofgr. (1) without Sc.; Fr. obconical, white.—Brazil (Sao
Bo. shrubby, hanging or curving; shoots cylindric, Paulo), Argentina (Entrerios), Uruguay, Para­
paired, or the terminal shoots in whorls of 3-4, only guay.
4.5 cm lg., to 2.5 mm thick; Ar. glabrous; FL v. rubrodisca (Lofgr.) Cast.: FI. only c. 1 cm 0 :
subapical, not widely opening, whitish; Ov. with disc. Ov. and base of An. red.—Brazil (Sao
out Sc.; Fr. light red.—Brazil (Rio de Janeiro: Paulo, near Caldas).
Itatiaya).
R. chloroptera Web. (4)
R. capililformis Web. (1) Bo. shrubby; small trunk often 3-angled, angles
Bo. shrubby, hanging; shoots weak, very thin, acute, ± winged; shoots of two types: oblong, to 20
branching and bushy, terminal shoots only 2-3 mm cm lg., to 2 cm br. above, tapering below, or
thick, sometimes faintly 4-angled, tapering at the spatulate, ovate or lanceolate, serrate-notched.
tip; FI. lateral, only (6-)8 mm 0 , white; Ov. 8-16 cm lg., 1.5-6 cm br., leaf-green, often
subspherical, without Sc., green; Fr. white; S. dark bordered red; Ar. with little felt, with solitary or
brown.—E. Brazil (not re-collected in the wild). paired Br.; FI. not numerous, c. 1.5 cm lg., widely
opening, yellow, darker when fading; Ov. cylin­
R. cassutha Gartn. (1) (T.) dric, without Sc.—Brazil (?).
Bo. weak, hanging, freely branching, sometimes
growing on rocks, to 3 m lg.; shoots forking, rarely R. clavata Web. (1)
whorled, 10—15— 50 cm lg., 2-3 mm thick, (light) Bo. erect at first, soon hanging, strongly branching,
green; Ar. spiralled, sparsely grey-felty, mostly forking or in whorls of 2-7 shoots, c. 1m lg.; shoots
with 12 minute black Br.; FI. lateral, to 5.5 mm lg., thin-clavate above, to c. 5 cm lg., 2 mm thick, 3 mm
rather fleshy, spreading, whitish to cream; An. thick at the tip, yellowish, later green, + suffused
9-12, on a ring; Ov. without Sc.; Fr. glabrous, reddish; Ar. only at the shoot-tip; FI. subapical, c. 1
spherical, white or pink.—Tropical zones of both cm 0 , ± bellshaped, white; Ov. spherical, without
the New and the Old World (Africa to Ceylon). Sc.; Fr. spherical, greenish-white; S. large, beaked,
dark brown.—Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).
R. cassuthopsls Backbg. (1) v. delicatula Lofgr.: more slender in all parts
Bo. weak, hanging, very freely branching; shoots than the type; Bo. ± light green; bud white
forking, rarely whorled, 10-60 cm lg., oldest ones 8 (yellow in the type); FI. hemispherical to ±
mm thick, newest growths only 2-3 mm thick, bellshaped, Pet. not revolute; very floriferous.—
greenish-yellow; Ar. not felty, with minute red Br. Brazil (Rio de Janeiro: Tijuca).
only at flowering; FI. numerous, lateral, semi­
bellshaped, 6-7 mm lg., to 7 mm 0 , greenish- R. coralloides Rauh (provisional description, not
white; An. 6-8; Ov. without Sc.; Fr. translucent yet fully valid) (2)
greenish-white, elliptic,—Brazil (Para, in forests Bo. bushily branching, branches 1-4, forming
near Belem). larger cushions, to 10 cm h.; annual growth very
short, 0.5-1.5 cm lg., 0.5-0.8 cm 0 , (5-)6(-7>-
R. gereoides Backbg. & Voll (3) angled, new growth + reddened, eventually
Bo. with greater or lesser development of aerial R. greyish-green, constricted at the end of season'-
at the nodes and then resembling small Hylocerei; growth, ± chain-like; Ar. with (6— )8(—10) Br..
shoots acutely 3-angled, rarely 4-sided, 4-10 cm lg., these thin, silvery-white, erect at the apex, dying off
to 1.7 cm thick, the angles often offset on successive on old shoots; FI. and Fr. ?—Madagascar (SE
442
 RHIPSALIS

coast, between Fort Dauphin and Manantenina, known; Fr. spherical, 4 mm 0 . ^Bolivia (at c. 1700
on gneiss rock-formations). (Rauh No. 1385.) m, above San Juan).
\ similar plant (Rhipsalis sp. M 1298) was also Spec, inadequately described, or only from her­
round by Rauh: FI. only 4 mm br., Pet. revolute, + barium material.
transparent, white.—Madagascar (20 km NW. of
Fort Dauphin, on gneiss). (R. pilosa?, R. sax­ R. densiareolata Lofgr. (1)
ícola?). Bo. shrubby, trunk + erect at first, then hanging, to
60 cm lg., 1-1.2 cm thick; shoots 6-7 together,
R. coriácea Polak. (4) never whorled, 20-60 cm lg., 5-7 mm thick, ±
Bo. strongly branching, hanging down for 4-8 m ; tapering at the tip, light yellowish-green, later grey;
trunks woody, terete below; shoots thin, lanceolate, Ar. crowded, spiralled, on younger shoots with Br.
pointed, weakly serrate, to 20 cm lg., to 3.5 cm br.; 1-1.5 mm lg.; FI. very numerous, c. 9 mm 0 , white;
terminal shoots with a long “stem” ; Ar. on the Ov. without Sc.; Fr. pinkish-red, ovoid.—Brazil
rrunk, and sometimes on the shoots, with 2-7 long (Rio de Janeiro, near Tijuca).
Br.; FI. lateral, to c. 1.2 cm lg., rather narrow,
greenish-white to pink; Ov. with Sc.; Fr. white; S. R. elliptica Lindbg. (4)
black. New growth red at first.—Costa Rica (near Bo. shrubby, branching, hanging, over 1.5 m lg.;
Cartago). shoots in 3’s or 4’s, in a row, separated by
constrictions, leaf-like, oblong-elliptic, 6-15 cm lg.,
R. cribrata Lem. (1) 2.5-6 cm br., dark green, border slightly wavy and
Bo. densely shrubby, erect at first, then hanging, notched, occasionally entire; Ar. sparsely felty,
but more spreading; shoots threadlike, to 20 cm lg.; sometimes with 1Br.; FI. lateral, 8-9 mm lg., white;
short shoots in whorls or spirals, smallest ones only Ov. + angular, without Sc.; Fr. pink, spherical.—
I cm lg., 2 mm thick, yellowish-green; Ar. scarcely Brazil (coast, Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catharina
woolly, sometimes with 1 minute Br.; FI. at the tip and sometimes inland).
of the short shoots, to 1.5 cm lg., bellshaped, white, v. helicoidea Lofgr.; shoots smaller, more terete,
slightly reddened above; Ov. + spherical, without always contorted around the axis, green at first,
Sc.; Fil. arising from a red ring; Fr. purple; S. later coppery-red (Rio de Janeiro: Ilha Grande).
black.—Brazil.
R. erythrocarpa K. Sch.: see Rhipsalis lindber-
R. crispata (Flaw.) Pfeiff. (4) giana K. Sch.
Bo. shrubby, freely branching, to 40 cm lg.; shoots
mostly from the tip of older shoots, oblong or R. fasciculata (Willd.) Haw. (2)
elliptic, tapering below, margins wavy, deeply Bo. branching freely, in whorls, from the tip of the
notched, to 12 cm lg., 7 cm br., dark (or yellowish-) previous year’s growth; shoots short, fleshy, 4-5
green; Ar. weakly grey-felty, with a few black Br. mm thick, with 6-10 little prominent Ri., to terete,
on newer shoots; FI. 1-4 at the same time, lateral, c. at first + completely cylindric; Ar. with a cluster of
1.4 cm lg., rotate, creamy-yellow; Ov. light green; brittle, whitish, later darker Br.; FI. numerous,
Fr. white, containing few S.—Brazil (Rio de little opening, 6-8 mm lg., 5 mm 0 , greenish-
Janeiro to Sao Paulo). white ; Ov. spherical, some Ar. with 2-3 Br.; Fr.
with felty and bristly Ar., white to pale greenish,
R. crispimarginata LSfgr. (4) translucent; S. ?—Brazil (Bahia).
Bo. hanging; trunk subterete, woody; shoots from Vaupel’s statement that the S. are “brown”, and
the tip of older growths, sometimes clustered, leaf­ Pfeiffer’s that they are "black”, were clearly based
like, very wavy, the stout M.-nerve sometimes on Madagascan plants. No data available from
similarly, oblong-oval, narrowed to + stem-like at Zehntner, who re-discovered this spec. Description
the base, margin irregularly notched, wavy; young acc. Vaupel, who includes the Madagascan spec.,
shoots with pinkish-red, translucent borders; Ar. as is obvious from his synonymy. The original
small; FI. solitary or in 2’s and 3’s, rotate, white; description was incomplete, giving no details of FI.,
Ov. with sparse felt and sometimes 1 Br.; Fr. pink, Fr.-colour or S.; Rauh’s discoveries in Madagas­
translucent.—Brazil (Rio de Janeiro; Ilha car (see notes at the end of this genus) show that
Grande). inclusion in R. fasciculata cannot be admitted, at
least while the latter remains unclarified and
R. cuneata Br. & R, (4) inadequately described. See also R. madagascar-
Bo. probably hanging; shoots continuing from the ensis.
tip of the preceding ones, oblong to spatulate,
strongly notched, 8-12 cm lg., thin, green; Ar. R. goebeliana (hort. ?) Backbg. (4)
sometimes with 1-2 Br.; FI. solitary, as far as Bo. bushy, hanging; primary shoots narrow, flat,
443
RHIPSALIS

with a robust nerve, 8 mm br. above, terete below, like above, often with these 2 shapes alternating;
vivid green; terminal shoots narrowly oblong, + primary shoots to 2 mm thick ; terminal shoots ±
tapering above, c. 8-13 cm lg., 2.5-3 cm br., terete below, to 40 cm lg., 3-5 cm br., vivid green,
sometimes slightly wavy; FI. pinkish-white; Ov. deeply serrate with teeth to 3 cm lg. and 1 cm br.,
oblong, with Sc.; Fr. greenish-white.—Origin ? border not wavy, + suffused red ; Ar.scarcely felty,
without Br.; FI. nodding, c. 2 cm lg., white; Ov.
R. gonoearpa Web. (4) shortly cylindric, 4-5-angled, light green; Fr.
Bo. strongly branching, weakly erect or hanging; spherical, carmine.—Brazil (Rio de Janeiro; Sâo
trunk flat, winged, sometimes 3-angled, notched; Paulo, Minas Geraes). (Fig. 368.)
shoots lateral, c. 30 cm lg. (and more), to 3 cm br., Spec, variable as to dentation and red colouring;
sometimes narrowing and stem-like and then to 60 Br. & R. describe the FI. as cream-coloured, later
cm lg., notches rounded, shoots mostly bordered yellowish, and the Fr. as appreciably smaller.
dark red; Ar. weakly white-felty; FI. along the
entire length of the shoot, to 1.5 cm lg., little R.incachacanaCard. (4)
opening, white; Ov. 3^4-5-angled; Fr. spherical, Bo. freely branching, to 1.5 m lg., hanging; shoots
weakly angular, blackish-purple.—Brazil (Sao 20-30 cm lg., 4-6 cm br., ± wavy, green ; Ar.in the
Paulo). indentations (sunken?), with light brown felt and
tufts of Br.-H. to c. 1.8 cm lg., light brown to
R. hadrosoma Lindbg. (1) whitish; FI.1-2 from amid the Br., c. 1cm lg., dark
Bo. shrubby, freely branching, creeping, on trees purplish-violet above, lighter below ; Ov. with stiff
and rocks; trunk 10-15 cm lg.; terminal shoots, white H. below, with large purple Sc. with a few
solitary, or in 2’s or 3’s, cylindric, to lOcmlg., 1.5-2 axillary FI. ;Fr. 5-angled, angles reddish.—Bolivia
cm thick, rounded, truncate above, matt, light (Prov. Chapare, Dept. Cochabamba, Incachaca).
green, bristly at first; Ar. little felty, surrounded by If the Ar. are sunken, then the spec, is referable to
a red ring; FI. lateral, numerous, to 2 cm 0 , Lepismium, which would tally with the Pet. being
opening widely, Pet. strongly revolute, white; Fr. to united and tube-like below.
1cm 0 , dark purple.—Brazil (Sao Paulo).
R.jamaicensisBritt. & Harr. (4)
R. heptagona Rauh & Backbg. (3) Bo. shrubby, hanging, 0.3-1 m lg., trunk angular:
Bo. hanging, long; shoots slender, 7-ribbed, to 5 shootsto 40 cm lg., to 2.5 cm br., strongly bristly at
mm 0 , very finely grooved, greyish-green, light- first, later glabrous, with shallow notches, with a
pitted, single ones to 25 cm lg., then in whorls or stem-like base, glossy green; FI. c. 6 mm lg..
one above the other, sometimes branching very yellowish-green; Ov. oblong, with few Sc.; Fr.
freely; Ar. with yellowish felt; FI. solitary, small, smoothly spherical, white.—Jamaica (Cockpit
yellowish-white; Fr. red, spherical, 5 mm 0 , with County, near Troy). (See also R. ramulosa.)
floral remains.—N. Peru (Jaén).
R.leiophloeaVpl. (4)
R. heteroclada Br. & R. (1) Bo. shrubby ; shoots stem-like below, leaf-like and
Bo. shrubby, rigid and often erect; shoots in wider above, outer skin becoming ± detached :
whorled clusters, cylindric; terminal shoots 1.5-2 side-shoots spirally arranged, ± elliptic, shortly
mm 0 , dark green, + reddish at the tip; Ar. red, “stemmed”, sometimes ± lanceolate, to 2.5 cm br..
sometimes with 1 Br.; FI. lateral, subapical, small, distinctly ribbed ; FI.in the upper half of the shoot,
white to greenish; Ov. without Sc.; Fr. spherical, c. 1 cm lg., white; An. 12-18; Ov. with minute Sc. :
white.—Brazil (Ilha Grande). Fr. with a ± annular marking above, with Sc.;—
Costa Rica (near San José) (see also R. ramulosa).
R. hórrida Bak. (2)
Bo. branching freely from the base, later also from R.leucorhaphisK. Sch. (2)
towards the apex; shoots 10-50 cm lg., 5 mm 0 , Bo. shrubby, freely branching, to 50 cm lg., with a
with c. 8 Ri., pale green; Ar. with dense, ± glassy, few holdfast R., also growing on rocks; shoots
brittle, reddish-brown Br.-Sp. c. 5 mm lg., those terete, to 7 mm thick, fresh green, then greyish-
in the apex forming a dense tuft; FI. ?, probably up green, finally grey; Ar. small, with brown Sc. with
to 3 together front an Ar.; Fr. 1-3 together, 1-5 Br.-Sp., these appressed, to 4 mm lg., glassy to
spherical, sometimes with Ar. and Br.— matt white; FI. subapical, hanging, c. 1.5 cm lg..
Madagascar. pure white ; Ov.weakly angular, with scattered Sc. :
Fr. spherical, red; S. numerous, brown.—
R. houlletiana Lem. (4) Paraguay (Estancia Tagatiya); N. Argentina.
Bo. shrubby, to 2 m lg. and more, hanging; shoots
at first cylindric or terete and stem-like below, leaf­ R. lindbergianaK. Sch. (1)
444
 RHIPSALIS

Bo.freely branching, to 2 m lg., hanging, + woody, R. madagascarensis Web.: see under R, pilosa,
Tranches in whorls or forking; shootsto 20 cm lg., which has a greenish Fr. and black S., whereas R.
: o 5 mm thick; Ar. crowded, only c. 6 mm apart, madagascarensis is described as having white Fr.
nostly very felty, mostly with 2 black Br.-Sp. to 2 and brown S.; apart from that, the plants in general
mm lg.; FI. lateral, rotate, c. 5 mm lg., pink to are similar, also the FI.
white; Ov. without Sc.; Fr. light red; S. to 20.—
Brazil (Rio de Janeiro: Serra dos Orgaos) and (?)
Africa (Kilimanjaro: R. erythrocarpa occurs here R. mesembryanthemoidesFlaw. (1)
synonymous, acc. Br. & R.; ?]). Bo.shrubby, erect, later hanging, freely branching,
to 40 cm lg., with a terete little trunk, this becoming
R.linearisK. Sch. (4) woody; shootsdimorphic: terete, to 20 cm lg., to 2
Bo. shrubby, 60-80 cm lg., branching from the mm thick, or spindle-shaped short shoots 7-15 mm
sides; shootsvery narrow, linear, 5-20 cm lg., 4-7 lg., 2-4 mm thick, arranged in dense spirals, light
mm br., with a stout M.-Ri., distinctly notched; Ar. green; Ar. on the long shoots with sparse woolly
-eakly felty, without Br.-Sp.; FI. lateral, fun- felt and 1-2 small appressed Br.-Sp., those on the
relform or rotate, to 1.8 cm lg., white to yellowish; short shoots with plentiful felt and 3^1 Br.-Sp.; FI.
Ov. ellipsoid, naked; Fr. spherical, translucent, lateral on the short shoots, c. 8mmlg.,to 1.5cm 0 ,
white.—Brazil (in the S., no locality stated); spreading, white to faint pink; Ov. ellipsoid, light
Paraguay (on the Rio Yhu and near Caaguazu); green; Fr.spherical, white or reddish.—Brazil (Rio
Argentina (Misiones). de Janeiro).

R.loefgreniiBr. & R. (1) R. micrantha(HBK.) DC. (3)

Bo.with long thin trunks, freely rooting; shootsto Bo. + long, hanging from trees; main St. to 6 mm
20 cm lg., c. 3 mm thick, pale green to purple, thick, mostly with 4 angles, rarely with 5; not
—stinctly ribbed; Ar. first with appressed Br., later branching in whorls; shootsthin, segmented, in 2’s
dabrous, with conspicuous Sc., these oblong to 3- or 3’s, mostly 3-angled, to only c, 8 mm br.,
vded or often cordate; FI. lateral, to 1.5 cm lg., sometimes flattened, angles somewhat notched,
'ellshaped, white; Ov. + 3-sided at first; Fr. ± acute, light to washy yellowish-green; Ar. weakly
spherical, carmine; S. chestnut-brown.—Brazil felty, with Sc. soon dropping, and often 1-4 Br.; FI.
fSao Paulo, near Campinas). c. 7 mm lg., little opening, white; Ov. short -
cylindric, glabrous, sometimes with a small Sc. or a
R.lorentzianaGris. (4) Br.-Sp.; Fr. spherical to shortly ellipsoid, smooth,
Bo. shrubby; shoots branching laterally, lan­ white or light yellow to reddish; S. very numerous,
ceolate, 10-30 cm lg., 2-4 cm br., terete below, light brown (acc. Br. & R.: black).—Peru; S.
rbtuse above, matt, fresh green, margin not wavy, Ecuador.
bluntly dentate, M.-Ri. stout; Ar. scarcely felty,
without Br.; FI. solitary, white; Ov. 4-angled,
smooth; Fr. indistinctly 4-angled, dark purple; S. R.minutifloraK. Sch. (1)
1-3. black.—Argentina (Salta: near Oran; Cat- Bo. shrubby, freely branching; shootsforking, very
^marca; Tucuman). slender, to 20 cm lg., scarcely 1 mm thick, light
Acc. a drawing of Castellanos, the terminal shoots green; Ar. minute, shortly felty, sometimes with
only 1 Br. rising from the tiny deciduous Sc.; FI.
are + “stem”-less, the dentation is wavy, the Ar.
.'Ometimes have 1 Br.; the FI. may appear in pairs. scattered along the terminal shoots, only c. 2 mm
lg., rotate, white; Ov. ellipsoid, scaly; Fr. ?—
R.lumbricoides(Lem.) Lem. (2) Surinam (former Dutch Guiana).
Bo.shrubby, freely branching, creeping, or clinging
to the bark of trees by means of aerial R.; shoots R. oblongaLofgr. (4)
thin, 4-6 (rarely 8) mm thick, 1 m lg. and more, Bo. probably erect at first, later hanging, main St.
terete or slightly angular, side-shoots alternate or very rarely with 3 angles or wings, mostly like the
horled, 14-20 cm lg., greyish to yellowish-green; terminal shoots; shoots mostly 1—3( 5) together,
Ar. crowded, shortly white-felty, with 5-8 stiff leaf-like, thin, oblong-oval, obtuse above, ±
horn-coloured Br.-Sp. 3-5 mm lg., spreading, later indistinctly 3-angled below, 6-12 cm lg., rarely over
mostly deciduous; FI. lateral, rotate, c. 2.2 cm lg., 3 cm br., with flat indentations and obtuse teeth,
3.75 cm 0 , light straw-coloured, orange-scented light green at first, bordered weakly reddish, M.-
1.2 cm lg., white to cream to greenish-yellow has Ri. robust; Ar. small, with Br. after flowering; FI.
been reported); Ov. ellipsoid, naked; Fr. spherical, solitary, rotate, white to light yellow; Fr.spherical,
green, finally deep purple, inside also; S. light yellowish-green.—Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Ilha
brown.— Uruguay, Argentina. Grande).
445
RHIPSALIS

R.pachypteraPfeiff. (4) subapical, 1-3 from one Ar., c. 2 cm lg., scarcely

Bo.shrubby, freely branching, erect, later hanging, opening, greenish-yellow or matt white; Ov.
to c. 1 m lg.; shootselliptic to + circular, coarsely weakly 4-angled, green, angles reddish; Fr.similar
notched, to c. 20 cm lg., to c. 12 cm br., with stout in shape to the Ov., naked.—Brazil (Organ
Ri., dark green and + purplish-red, sometimes 3- Mountains) (?).
angled; Ar. very weakly felty; FI.lateral, c. 1.5 cm
lg., yellowish, strongly perfumed; Ov. shortly R. prismatica(Lem.) Rumpl. (1)
cylindric to + spherical, naked; Fr. ellipsoid, Bo. shrubby, freely branching, main St. erect to
red.—Brazil (from Santa Catharina to Rio de curving, stout, cylindric, 12-30 cm lg.; shoots
Janeiro; Sao Paulo to the Serra Cantareira). forking or clustered at the apex of the main St., 4-5-
angled, c. 1.2-2.2 cm lg., 4 mm thick, terminal
R.pendulifloraN. E. Brown (1) shoots thinner, all shoots subterete below, reddish:
Bo. bushy, branching, hanging; shoots elongated, Ar. very close together, Sc. minute, red, with 5-6
to 15 cm lg., older ones terete, finely pitted, spreading Br.; FI. white, Pet. only 5; Ov. without
terminal shoots to 1.2 cm lg., vivid green; Ar.with 2 Sc.; Fr. spherical, pink to white.—Brazil; (Mad­
H. to 1 mm lg.; FI. apical, c. 1.2 cm 0 whitish, agascar [?]; R. suareziana Web.—regarded by
tipped reddish; Ov. hemispherical to pear-shaped; Roland-Gosselin as being identical with the above
Fil. salmon-coloured below; Fr. spherical to spec.—occurs in Madagascar).
ellipsoid, translucent white.—Brazil (Minas
Geraes, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná to Santa
Catharina).
R.pulchraLofgr. (1)
Br. & R. refer R. cribrata to this spec, although the Bo. long, hanging down, sparsely branching, very
former shows the following differences from R. occasionally in pseudo-whorls of 3-5 branches;
penduliflora: Ov. differently shaped, Fil. mid­ shootsto 20 cm lg. and more, gradually tapering, ±
limp, matt greyish-green; Ar. + sunken, glabrous:
yellow, rising from a red annulus.
FI. lateral, to c. 1.5 cm lg., c. 6 mm 0 , slightly
R. pentapteraPfeiff. (3) reddish (reddish-purple, acc. Br. & R.); Fr.
brownish-red; S. black.—Brazil (Rio de Janeiro:
Bo. shrubby, branching, to 40 cm lg. (perhaps Organ Mountains, Serra da Mantiqueira, Serra da
more?); shoots solitary, paired or in 3’s, 7-12 cm
Cantareira).
lg., 0.6-1.5 cm thick, the 5-6 Ri. ± winged, vivid
dark green; Ar. c. 4 cm apart, at first with a cluster
of fine white H.; FI. also in the upper part of the R.purpusiiWgt. (4)
shoot, in 3’s or more, opening in succession, 7-8 Bo. shrubby, hanging, main St. terete, with a
mm lg., white; Ov. trúcate, naked; Fr. translu­ smooth epidermis; shootsof 2 types: at first terete.
cent white, light pinkish-red above.—S. Brazil, + sinuate above, + leaf-like towards the tip.
Uruguay. green, later shoots leaf-like, stout, leathery, flat,
lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, on a “stalk”, 8-20
R. pilosa Web., an undescribed name for a cm lg., 1-3 cm br., matt dark green, margin with
Madagascan spec, found growing on gneiss scree; distant flat notches, ± faintly reddish, M.-Ri.
shoots shortly hairy; FI. minute, white; Fr. sunken; FI. lateral, c. 1.1 cm lg., greenish-white:
greenish, mostly smooth, more rarely bristly; S. An. 20-30; Ov. with semicircular Sc., red; Fr.
black. Extraordinarily free-flowering. spherical, white, scaly; S. glossy black.—Mexico
R. madagascarensis Web., a similar plant, was (in the S.); Guatemala (see also R. ramulosa).
described as having white Fr. and brown S.; i.e.
Weber correctly saw the plants as two distinct spec. R. quellebambensisJohns, n.nud.
(Fig. 369.) Bo. similar to R. cassutha; Fr.intense red.—Peru.
Since R. fasciculata (Willd.) Haw. was described A good spec, on the basis of these characters alone,
without FI. and Fr., and in general with insufficient so that it merits a full description.
data, and Rauh collected several plants of the
Madagascan spec, (see notes at the end of the R. ramulosa (SD.) Pfeiff. (4)
genus), these spec, cannot be considered identical. Bo. shrubby, main St. terete, woody, c. 30 cm h.:
See also R. saxícola. shootsnumerous, borne at intervals of c. 1cm along
the St., 10-25 cm lg., broadly linear, margin weakly
R.platycarpa(Zucc.) Pfeiff. (4) serrate, tip obtuse, tapering below into a “stem"
Bo. shrubby, freely branching, to 80 cm h.; shoots 1-6 cm lg., fresh-green; Ar. ± bristly at first, later
leaf-like, to 30 cm lg., 4-5 cm br., with rounded quite glabrous; FI. subapical, rotate, whitish-
notches, at first with felt and Sc., mostly soon green; Ov. with 2-3 small Sc.; Fr. pea-shaped,
reddish or bordered thus, with a distinct M.-Ri.; Fi. green, then almost translucent-white; S.numerous.
446
 RHIPSALIS

'lack.—W. Brazil; Bolivia (Isapuri); Peru Bo. shrubby, erect to hanging; shoots to c. 20 cm
•Pozuzo). lg., c. 10 cm br., elliptic or ovate, rounded above,
ximnach united here the others of Vaupel’s Series tapering below, sometimes 3-winged, matt dark
Ramulosae”, as mentioned in the introduction to green, notches rather deep, M.-Ri. very thick,
the genus; without any doubt all are more or less secondary veins prominent; Ar. at first with tiny
. losely related, but it must be pointed out that they red L., also nectar-glands secreting clear droplets
do vary in the following characters: width and before anthesis, with 1 or more Br. which are
notches of the shoots (the latter forming closely or carmine at first; FI.to 6 from an Ar., to c. 1.5 cm lg.,
ridely spaced steps of a ladder, or curving), shape 1.8 cm 0, opening widely, creamy-yellow; style
:: the main St. (terete or angular), and of the FI. white; Sti. white, papillose; Ov. top-shaped; Fr.
Pet. in some cases ray-like, sometimes not), as well white, spherical, truncate, with floral remains; S.
as the form of the shoots themselves and of the Ri.; ovoid, brown.—Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Santa
:n R. angustissima for instance, which has narrow Catharina).
; loots, the Ri. are scarcely discernible in the An interesting spec, in which new shoots can also
crowing season; in R. leiophloea they are clearly have 5 angles, but more often 3.
rrominent, while in R. purpusii they are just as
conspicuously sunken. See my photographs of R.roseanaBerg. (4)
.ving plants in “Die Cact.”, Fig. 630-632, pp. 673, Bo. hanging, bushy, irregularly branching; upper
675, 1959. The Fr.-form also is not constant: in R. shoots + linear-lanceolate, 6-12 cm lg. and more,
amaicensis it is smooth and regularly spherical, in 1-1.5 cm br., with regularly alternating notches,
R. leiophloea there is a + urn-shaped or annular smooth, light green, sometimes variable in breadth
widening above. Admittedly Kimnach had a large and notching, other shoots 3-angled, with flat
-mount of herbarium material at his disposal; on indentations along the borders and prominent
the other hand I have observed the differences for notched angles, 4 + winged angles sometimes
myself, on living plants. present, while the outermost shoots are often only
In Britton & Rose, this problematic group is 8-10 mm br.; Ar.weakly white-woolly, with 1short
noticeable for being insufficiently known or brown Br.; FI. small, yellowish-white; Fr. small,
nudied; Vaupel’s observations on the other hand whitish.—Costa Rica (?) (acc. Br. & R.: Col­
ere carefully made. It is undeniable that the spec, ombia).
he segregated are clearly divergent in their principal
forms. Consequently I must give preference here to R.russelliBr. & R. (4)
a separation of the species, to ensure the pre- Bo. forming large hanging bushes; shootsto 15 cm
?ervation of differential data. Unification, such as lg., 5-6 cm br., wedge-shaped below, strongly
Kumnach proposes, cannot be beneficial. There notched, notches appearing slit-like and the lobes
may indeed be transitional forms within the range very close together, dark green, sometimes bor­
: f variability, but that is of little consequence when dered + purple; FI. often 9 from an Ar., small,
compared with the necessity of bringing the cream, only c. 2 mm lg.; Fr. spherical, purple.—
principal differences clearly into relief, and I am Brazil (Bahia, near Tonca da Onca).
thus obliged to maintain Vaupel’s delimitation of
the species. R. saxícola (A. B. Graf’s Exotica, 580. 1963) is a
See the introductory remarks to Rhipsalis regard­ name with Fig. only, and is probably identical with
ing the classification of R. ramulosa etc. under Rauh’s spec. M.1298, occurring on crustal granite.
Disocactus. This tallies with the specific name, and both are
reported from Fort Dauphin, Madagascar.
R.rhombea (SD.) Pfeiff. (4)
Bo. shrubby, erect at first, then hanging, branching, R. shaferiBr. & R. non Cast. (1)
:o 80 cm lg., main St.terete or with winged angles; Bo. at first rigid, erect, later spreading or prostrate;
shootsin 2’s, 3’s or more, with 2 angles or 3 wings, shootsterete, 4-5 mm thick, green, + reddened at
ovate to lanceolate-rhombic, obtuse above, taper­ the tips; Ar. over 1 cm apart, those on new and
ing and stem-like below, 3-12 cm lg., to 5 cm br., lower shoots often with a few Br., upper ones
deeply notched, M.-Ri. robust, intense to dark without Br. or only 1, appressed; FI. throughout
green, often reddish; Ar. with sparse felt, some­ the length of the shoots, mostly solitary, rarely
times with 1 Br.; FI. c. 1 cm lg., light to later paired, small, rotate, greenish-white; Fr.spherical,
canary-yellow, also reported as being whitish- to 3 mm 0 , white to washed reddish.—Paraguay
greenish; Ov. spherical; Fr. dark red.—Brazil (near Trinidad and Asunción); Argentina (Mis­
coastal zone, Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro). iones : near Posadas).
R. schaferi (incorrect spelling) sensu Castellanos
R.robustaLem. (4) must be referred to Lepismium since he says; “FI.
447
RHIPSALIS

and Fr. sunken, in a tuft of white wool, Fr. 7 mm crowded; FI. throughout the whole length of the
0” . shoot, solitary or paired, 6-8 mm lg. and 0 , white;
Ov. ovoid, greenish-yellow, rarely scaly; Fr.
R.simmleriBeauv. (1) spherical, smooth, green, later white; S. dark
Bo. hanging; small main St. terete, strongly brown to black.—Brazil (locality not known). Acc.
branching; terminal shootspaired, or in whorls of Britton & Rose the Ar. are somewhat hairy, often
3-4, with 5 weak angles or Ri., 1-3 cm lg., 1.5-2 with a white or reddish Br.
mm thick, with long, threadlike, grey, forking
aerial R.; FI.solitary, subapical, small, white, red- R. warmingianaK. Sch. (4)
tipped; style9 mm lg., projecting; Ov. obconical, Bo.shrubby, freely branching, erect, then hanging;
light green; Fr.whitish.-—Costa Rica. shootsbroadly linear or narrowly lanceolate, to 30
cm lg., 2 cm br., notched, tapering towards the base
R.sulcataWeb. (3) or 2-angled or terete and stem-like, sometimes
Bo. often long, hanging down, main St.woody, to acutely 3—4-angled and then with a robust M.-vein,
1.5 cm thick; shoots elongated, 20-30 cm lg., 5- often suffused reddish; Ar.somewhat felty, without
angled, light green; Ar. distant, set in a red mark; Br.; FI. lateral, rotate, c. 2 cm 0 , green outside,
FI. solitary, to 1.2 cm lg., rotate, yellowish-white, white inside; Ov. 5-6-angled; Fr. blackish-violet;
but white to pink has been reported; Ov. naked.— S. glossy, reddish-brown.—Brazil (Minas Geraes;
Origin ? Sao Paulo). FI. said to be hyacinth-scented.
R. teres(Veil.) Steud. (1)
Bo.erect at first, then ± hanging, freely branching; R.werkleiBerg. (4)
shoots solitary, alternating, or several and clus­ Bo. shrubby, branching from the base and higher,
tered, cylindric, to over 50 cm lg., to 5 mm thick, hanging, to 1.5 m lg.; shoots fresh green, primary
newer shoots shorter, thinner; Ar.always with grey shoots mostly 3-angled, robust, spreading and
felt, this later darker, and sometimes with 1-2 dark projecting, truncate above, with fairly broad
Br.;FI. lateral on young shoots, to 1.2 cm 0, surfaces, in 3’s and 5’s one above the other at the
spreading, yellowish outside; Ov. with 1-2 Br.; Fr. apex, tipped with 1— 2(—3) flattened shoots, these in
spherical, translucent white; S. c. 20, elliptic, finely turn with 1-2 similar shoots, 15(—20) cm lg., linear,
granular.—Brazil (Sao Paulo and Minas Geraes; rather bluntly tapering to both ends, to 1.8 cm br.
Rio de Janeiro). at midway, angles little sunken, M.-vein distinct:
FI.lateral, to 9 mm 0 , creamy-white; Ov.naked or
R.tonduziiWeb. (3) with 1 minute Sc., greenish to yellowish-white.—
Bo.weakly erect to hanging, branching and bushy, Costa Rica (near Navarro).
segmented; shoots6-10 cm lg., 1 cm thick, 4— 5(—7)-
angled, terminal shoots often 3-angled, or some­ Observationson theidentityofNew and Old World
times flattened, green, Ri. compressed; Ar. bristly spec.:
at first, becoming glabrous; FI.small, whitish; Ov. In the course of his 2nd collecting trip in
smooth; Fr. spherical, white, glossy; S. sickle­ Madagascar, Rauh discovered the following mat­
shaped, pointed.—Costa Rica. Acc. Britton & erial, which 1 list under the numbers of the
Rose, the shoots are arranged in whorls of 2-6. Botanical Institute, Heidelberg; it belongs in part
to SG. Rhipsalis, in part to SG. Ophiorhipsalis K.
R.triangularisWerd. (3) Sch. In the light of these finds, and in view of the
Bo. light green, reddish along the angles; shoots discrepancies brought out by these Madagascan
mostly 3-ribbed, rarely flattened, primary shoots members of Rhipsalis alone, identification of
with to 4 Ri., to 11.5 cm lg., to 3 cm br., with robust similar spec, from the Old or the New World must
Ri. to 2.5 cm h.; Ar. set in slight notches, with 3-4 be postponed until further studies have been made.
white Br.-Sp.; FI. lateral, 1-3 from an Ar., c. 1.2 cm 016: Shoots light green, terete, without Br., c.
lg., light green; Ov. without Sc,; Fr. ?— Brazil 4—5 mm 0 , apparently branching in
(locality not known). whorls; Fr. greenish-white at maturity.
017
R.virgataWeb. (1) (+ 020?) Shoots thin, white-bristly; Br. fairh
Bo. shrubby, freely branching, + hanging; main dense at first; Fr. whitish at maturity.
St. cylindric, 1 m lg. and more, 4-5 mm thick, 3160
green; main shootserect, ± rigid, to 1 m lg.; side- (+ 019?) Shoots to almost 1 cm 0 , + erect-
shoots rarely whorled, to 3 mm thick, cylindric, inclined, bristly at first; Fr. at maturity:
tapering towards the tip, terminalshootswith small not known.
prominent scars (Ar. which have borne FI.); Ar. 5295 Shoots branching from low down.
448
 RHIPSALIS—RHODOCACTUS

reddish at first, fine-bristly, later glab­ pedunculate panicles, or even in clusters; they are
rous, c. 6 mm 0 ; Fr. ? white, yellow, reddish or purple. The fruits vary in
7494 Shoots weakly white-bristly at first, later shape and size, and contain seeds which, as far as
glabrous, c. 5 mm 0 ; Fr. ? known, are black, glossy and have a thin testa.—
7496 Shoots branching from near the base; Distribution: from Mexico and Costa Rica
Fr. at maturity white, glassy, with through Haiti to Venezuela and Colombia as
yellow floral remains. well as Brazil. [(R).]
7497 Shoots terete, glabrous, Ar. crowded at
first, with weak Br.; Fr. ? R. antonianus Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 13.
7528 Shoots with many Ar., new shoots with 1963.
white Br., reddish at first, later c. 5 mm Bo. shrubby, branches later hanging; R. thick-
0 ; Ar. rather prominent; Fr. ? napiform, woody; St. to c. 1 cm 0 , green,
7534 Shoots c. 5-6 mm 0 , new shoots becoming greyish-olive, soon branching, secon­
reddish; Ar. crowded, all remaining dary shoots thinner, shorter; Ar. few, with very
shortly bristly for a longer time, even­ short felt; L. to 5 cm lg., 3 cm br., alternate, +
tually glabrous; Fr. ? spatulate, light green on both surfaces; Sp. c. 7,
7554 Shoots terete, c. 6 mm 0 ; Ar. weakly yellowish, 2-12 mm lg., thin to rather stouter, much
bristly at first, later glabrous; Fr. green thickened below; FI.light carmine-pink, 5 mm lg.,
at maturity. 2-3 cm 0 , solitary, apical, sessile; Tu. absent; Sep.
7629 Shoots terete, c. 7 mm 0 ; branches not c. 3, pale pink, with a greenish dorsal M.-line; Pet.
arranged in whorls; new shoots red at 6, oblong, 18 mmlg., 5 mm br., margins entire; Ov.
first, with a few erect appressed Br.; Fr. naked, spherical, green, 4 mm lg. and 0 , with 3
? minute L. in the upper part, one of these sometimes
For further Rauh discoveries, see under R. 1 cm lg., 3 mm br.; Fil. pinkish-carmine, white
coralloides nom.prov. Cf. also text under R. pilosa below; An.golden-yellow; style1cm lg., white; Sti.
Web. 5, yellowish-green, papillose; Fr. small,
For all spec, described as belonging to Rhipsalis, spherical.—NE. Peru. (Fig. 370, 371.)
but with a sunken Ov., see under Lepismium.
R. autumnalis(Eichlam) Knuth
Bo.tree-like, with a large crown, to 9 m h.; trunkto
x Rhipsaphyllopsis Werd. 40 cm 0 ; L. rather thick, subcircular to oblong,
4-8 cm lg.; Sp. 1-3, 3-16 cm lg., grey, tipped
x RhipsaphyllopsisgraeseriWerd. brownish, sometimes banded; FI. solitary, shortly
pedunculate, to c. 5 cm 0 , orange, Pet.-margins
A widely cultivated cross between Epiphyllopsis entire; Ov. with leaf-like Sc.; Fr.spherical, to 5 cm
gaertneri (seed-parent) and Rhipsalidopsis rosea, 0 , fleshy, with small Sc., glabrous; S. glossy,
remarkable for the flower-colour which is lacquer- black.—Guatemala, Salvador.
red or carmine, as well as the large number of
blooms produced. Mentioned here as an excep­ R. bleo(HBK.) Knuth
tional case, despite its being a hybrid genus, Bo. tree-like, to 7 m h.; L. to 20 cm lg., 5 cm br.,
because of its horticultural value. long-petiolate, vivid green; Ar. sparsely woolly,
later naked; Sp. mostly 5-6 (or more), sometimes
1-4 at first, robust, black; FI.2-4 together, shortly
Rhodocactus (Berg.) Knuth (2) pedicellate; Pet. 12-15, 3.5 cm lg., ± ovate,
pinkish-red; Fr. yellow, truncate, 5-6 cm lg.,
Bushy to tree-like, leafy plants, with + stout passing over into a massive stem, the flat
spination on trunk and branches. Earlier regarded upperside ± convex in the middle; S. black,
as a subgenus of Peireskia, but segregated by glossy.—Colombia (near Badillas).
Knuth on account of the inferior ovary. However,
the inclusion of all 16 described species is not yet R.colombianus(Br. & R.) Knuth
completely clarified in all cases. Bo.tree-like, to 11 m h., trunkwith clusters ofSp.to
Recently, for instance, it was found that “Peireskia 7 cm lg.; branches often glabrous; L. to 4 cm lg.,
conzattii Br. & R.” is identical with P. pititache, broadly rounded to + oblong, short-petiolate; FI.
and that the latter is not a Peireskiopsis; in other solitary, sessile, c. 4 cm 0 ; Pet. not ciliate, light
instances it has not been possible at this time to yellow; Ov. with small ovate L., these with H. in the
check the position of the ovary. Knuth’s referals Ax.—Colombia (near Sta. Marta).
were therefore in part based on probabilities such
as are inevitable where genera are separated. R. conzattii (Br. & R.) Backbg.: Peireskiapititache
The flowers are solitary or sometimes in shortly Karw.
449
RHODOCACTUS

R. corrugatus(Cutak) Backbg. Valle Grande, Dept. Santa Cruz, near Higuera,

Bo. shrubby or a small tree, 2.5 m h. (and more); 1600 m).
main trunk covered with clusters of slender Sp.;
branches spiny to glabrous, grass-green, smooth, R. lychnidiflorus(DC.) Knuth
later olive-green, glossy; L. petiolate, ± fleshy, Bo. shrubby to tree-like, branches cylindric,
distinctly veined, + lanceolate, wavy, apiculate, woody; L.without a petiole, fleshy, oval to oblong,
grass-green, paler on the underside, 8-32 cm lg., to to 7 cm lg., apiculate, rounded below, M.-Ri.
7.5 cm br.; Ar.prominent, with dirty white felt; Sp. prominent; Sp. 1, 2-5 cm lg., with a few long H.; FI.
3-25, 5-15 mm lg., sometimes thickened below, solitary, c. 6 cm 0 , + orange; Pet. ciliate; Ov.
blackish; FI.solitary or several together, c. 3.2 cm pear-shaped, with small L.—Mexico (never re­
lg., 2.5 cm 0 , scarlet, orange in the centre, faintly collected there).
perfumed; Ov.truncate, + 5-angled; Fr. ?—Origin
? R. nicoyanus(Web.) Knuth
Bo. tree-like, to 8 m h., branches rigid, with a
R. cubensis(Br. & R.)Knuth smooth brownish cortex; L. clustered on old
Bo. tree-like, to 4 m h.; L.several together, sessile, shoots, alternate on younger ones, + lanceolate, to
+ oblanceolate to obconical or oblong, pointed at 7 cm lg., c. 2.5 cm br., ± glossy green; Sp. 0-1,
both ends, 1-4 cm lg., 1-1.2 cm br., glossy green on straight, rigid, robust, 4-5 cm lg., accompanied at
both surfaces, with 1-3 leaf-like bracts below; Sp. first by white H.; FI. c. 5 cm 0 , + orange; Pet.
2- 3 at first, later to over 25, over 5 cm lg., finely laciniate; Ov.pear-shaped, with small L.; Fr.
brownish; FI.solitary, ± terminal, or lateral; Pet. medlar-sized, lemon-yellow, filled inside with short
rounded, reddish-purple; Ov. pear-shaped, naked; H.—Costa Rica.
Fr. spherical, naked; S. black.—Cuba (Prov.
Oriente and Sta. Clara). R.portulacifolius(L.) Knuth
Bo. tree-like, to 6 m h., branchesterete, very spiny:
R. grandifolius(Haw.) Knuth (T.) L. alternate on young shoots, at most 1 cm lg.,
Bo. shrubby to tree-like, to 5 m h.; L. shortly emarginate, wedge-shaped, + notched above; Sp.
petiolate, oblong, obtuse or acute above, to 15 cm solitary at first, later in clusters, acicular to +
lg., intense green, tuberculate and pitted on the bristly, c. 2 cm lg., black; FI.solitary at the apex of
underside; Sp. 1-2 at first, later more, to 5 cm lg., the shoots, c. 3 cm 0 , pinkish-red; Ov.truncate, ±
black; FI.few together, clustered at the shoot-tips, naked; Fr. spherical, greenish, umbilicate; S.
3- 4 cm 0 , pink inside, also white; Ov. with broad numerous, blackish.—Haiti (Jamaica ?).
L.; Fr. large, pear-shaped, leafy; S. numerous.—
Brazil. R. sacharosa (Griseb.) Backbg. n.comb. (Peireskia
sacharosa Griseb., Abh. Ges. Wiss., Gottingen, 24:
R. guamacho (Web.) Knuth 141. 1879).
Bo. shrubby, sometimes tree-like, to 3 m h.; L. Bo. to 8 m h., shrubby; shootsgreen at first; L. +
solitary on young shoots, clustered on older ones, lanceolate, 8-12 cm lg., fairly stout, glossy green,
lanceolate to ovate; Sp. 1-4 at first, with a few short petiole to 1 cm lg., sometimes less; Ar. stout,
Ssp., later 20 and more, spreading, rigid, to 4 cm greyish-white ; Sp. 1-3 at first, reddish, dark above,
lg.; FI.crowded (but probably solitary), c. 4 cm 0 ; very stoutly subulate, 1-5.5 cm lg., one longer than
Pet. not ciliate, yellow; Ov. hairy; Fr. spherical, the others, later to c. 7, all or several equal, some
later orange, with a few deciduous Sp.—Venezuela fairly short; FI. apical, solitary, + sunken, or
(Orinoco valley and Marguerita Island). several together, to 8 cm br., purplish-pink, white
in the centre; Ov. inferior; Pet. spatulate, ±
R. higueranus (Card.) Backbg. n.comb. (Peireskia apiculate; Sep.with longer H. in the Ax.; Fil.,style
higuerana Card., “Cactus”, 19: 80-81, 18. 1964). and Sti. white; An. yellow; Fr. to 4 cm 0 , ±
Bo.shrubby, only 1m h.; shootsc. 1.2 cm 0 below, tapering below, mostly without L., sometimes
flowering shoots 5 cm lg.; Ar. 2-3 cm apart, grey, proliferating; S.numerous.—Argentina (Tucuman
round, 5 mm lg.; L. ovate, thick, c. 1.2 x0.8 cm, to Oran) and Paraguay. (Fig. 372.)
sessile; Sp. 2-3 on the primary shoots, radiating,
2.5^1 cm lg., black, acicular, those on flowering R. saipinensis (Card.) Backbg. n.comb. (Peireskia
secondary shoots at the L.-base only 1-2 mm lg., saipinensis Card., “Cactus”, 19: 80-81, 17. 1964).
blackish, readily dropping; FI. solitary, apical, c. Bo. shrubby, 1-2 m h., branching from the base:
3.5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , yellow; Pet. spatulate; Fil. Ar.c. 7 mm apart, 4 mm lg., pale brown; L. to 7 cm
inserted at the base of the style, green below, yellow lg., to 5 cm br., sessile, circular to elliptic, dark
above; style thickened below, yellow; Sti. 4; Ov. green; FI. apical, in pedicellate clusters, pedicels 5
inferior, ace. Cardenas’s drawing.—Bolivia (Prov. mm lg., FI. rotate, 6 cm 0 , with H. in the Ax.; Sep.
450
 RHODOCACTUS-RITTEROCEREUS

lanceolate, pale green ; Pet. lilac-pink, white below, + spreading to appressed, grey, tipped black,
apiculate ; Fil. thin, white ; style 2 cm lg., white ; Sti. sometimes darker at first; Csp. 0-1, to 3 cm lg., +
; ellow; Ov. not described.—Bolivia (Prov. Cabal­ flattened ; FI.only 5-6 cm lg. white ; Fr.very spiny
lero, Dept. Santa Cruz, near Saipina, 1500 m). at first, pulp white or red.—Venezuela (central
Resembles R. sacharosa, acc. Cardenas, and coast), Curaçao. (Cold-sensitive.)
:herefore included here. Cardenas omitted any
description of the Sp.; the illustration shows R. eichlamii(Br. & R.) Backbg.
(2-)3^1 light-coloured ones, twice the length of the Bo. little branching, fairly tall ; shoots deep green,
broadly subcircular L. with some frosting at the apex, this persisting in
narrow arcs; Ri. 8-10, broad below, acute above;
R. tampicanus (Web.) Backbg. Ar. with brown or sometimes greyish-white felt;
Bo. shrubby, to 1.5 m h. (or more); branches fairly Rsp.4-6, acicular, ± porrect ; Csp.0-1, to 2 cm lg.,
thick, green; L. oblong-lanceolate to narrowly sometimes longer at the apex; FI. to c. 7 cm lg.,
spatulate, to c. 8 cm lg. ; Sp. 0-1, to c. 3 cm lg., intense pink; Tu. densely set with very convex
straight, red to blackish ; FI. in panicles, on short imbricate Sc., these expanding abruptly in the
pedicels, c. 2.5 cm lg., 2-3 cm 0 , carmine to upper part, passing over into reddish Sep. ; Ov.with
pinkish-red; Ov. with smaller green L. and 2-3 subcircular-oval Tub. and small triangular Sc. ; Fr.
larger lanceolate ones; Fr. ?—Mexico (near as large as a hen’s egg, tessellate, pulp white.—
Tampico). Guatemala (between Rancho San Agustm and
Acc. N. H. Boke (C. & S. J. [US], XXXV: 1, 3 pp„ Zacapa).
1963), this is only a variant of “Peireskia grandi-
tolia” (referable to Rhodocactus). No mention was R.fimbriatus(Lam.) Backbg.
made as to whether the position of the Ov. tallies Bo. columnar, to 4 m h. ; St.8 cm 0 ;Ri. 10, c. 1.5
with R. tampicanus, and there is still no expla­ cm h. ; Ar. to 2 cm apart, with reddish-brown felt,
nation of the widely separated habitats. later greyish-brown; Rsp. mostly 11, 0.6-2 cm lg.;
Csp. 1;Sp. ash-grey, tipped black; FI.c. 8 cm lg. ;
R. zinniaeflorus (DC.) Knuth Pet. ± ciliate, reddish to purplish-brown; Fr.
Bo. a small tree; L. oval, decurrent into a short spherical-ovoid, c. 3.5 cm lg., stoutly spined at first ;
petiole, wavy, 2-4 cm lg., c. 2 cm br., vivid green; S. pear-shaped, black, + glossy.—Haiti (Plaine
Sp.2 at first, later 3-5, straight, scarcely 1 cm lg., Cul-de-Sac, Massif de la Selle).
brownish-red; FI. solitary, apical, c. 5 cm 0 ,
purplish, greenish outside ; Ov. with leaf-like Sc. ; R. griseus(Haw.) Backbg.
Fr. ?—Mexico (no locality given; not re-collected). Bo. to 8 m h., sometimes branching from below, or
See also under R. lychnidiflorus. even with a weak trunk to 35 cm thick ; shoots +
frosted; Ri.8-10; Rsp. 10-11 ; Csp. 3; Sp.acicular,
robust, longest ones to 4 cm lg., grey ; FI.c. 7 cm lg.,
Ritterocereus Backbg. (153) pink outside ; Pet.white ; styleprojecting before the
FI. opens; Ov. densely scaly ; Fr. + spherical, pulp
Large, shrubby or tree-like columnar Cacti, quite red.—Venezuela (N. coast of S. America and
often noticeably frosted. The funnelform flowers offshore islands), Mexico (Oaxaca). (Cold-
open at night but in part remain open the next day, sensitive.)
coloured white to pink ; tube and ovary scaly, the H. Bravo reports Fr. also with yellowish pulp. In
latter mostly densely so, with + felt in the axils, Mexico, the plants are probably only cultivated on
without either bristles or spines. On the other hand account of the edible Fr., and are therefore in
the juicy and often edible fruits are set with spines part escapes.
which drop at maturity. Seeds brownish or
blackj.-—Distribution: Mexico, W. Indies, R.hystrix(Haw.) Backbg.
Curaçao, northern parts of S. America, close to the Bo. with up to 50 branches, to 8-12 m h., trunk
coast. [(R).] short but ± distinct, sometimes to 30 cm 0;
branches 7-10 cm 0; Ri. 9—10( 12), with V-
R. chacalapensis H. Bravo & Th. MacDoug. : see notches ; Ar.with white to grey felt ; Rsp.c. 10 ; Csp.
under Marshallocereus Backbg. (1)3, longest one to 4 cm lg. ; Sp. grey, brown-
tipped ; FI. 8-9 cm lg. ; Pet. white, spreading or
R. deficiens (O. & Dietr.) Backbg. revolute; Ov. with small oval Sc.; Fr. 5-6 cm lg.,
Bo. ± tree-like, with a + distinct trunk ; branches scarlet, pulp red.—W. Indies.
erect, stout, often spineless below, only slightly
frosted; Ri. 7-8, broad below; Ar. rather sunken, R.laevigatus(SD.) Backbg.
with white or brown felt; Rsp. c. 8-9, to 1.5 cm lg., Bo. tree-like, glossy, leaf to dark green to ± deep
451
RITTEROCEREUS—RODENTIOPHILA

greyish-green, + frosted at the apex, frosting description is still awaited. The plants resemble
persisting in arcs; Ri. c. 7, broad, ± compressed, those of the Genus Eriosyce, even at the seedling-
rounded; Ar.c. 2.5 cm apart; Rsp. 8, acicular, thin, stage, as is clear from my colour-plates, Fig. 3417
to 1cm lg.; Csp.(0-)l, rather longer and stouter, all and 3453 in “Die Cact.”, Vol. VI. 1962. Older
Sp. at first whitsh-grey or reddish-brown, some­ plants however are similar not only to those of
times darker-tipped; FI. c. 8 cm lg., white; Ov. Eriosyce but also those, for instance, of the stoutly
with flat rounded Tub., weakly felty.—Mexico (in columnar Soehrensia uebelmanniana Lembcke &
the S.) (Fig. 373.) Backbg.; whereas the FI. of the latter are bell­
shaped to funnelform and to c. 6 cm lg., Ritter
R. pruinosus (O.) Backbg. states the following for Rodentiophila: “Flowers
Bo. tree-shaped, to 7 m h., with a distinct trunk; extremely short” ; but the “thick spherical and very
shoot-tips bluish-green, frosted white; Ri.5-6, with juicy berries 2.5 cm 0 ” appear similar to those of
acute lengthwise furrows; Ar. c. 4 cm apart, brown- Soehrensia; Eriosyce has hollow fruits. No infor­
felty (acc. H. Bravo: white-felty); Rsp. 5-7(-9), mation is yet available as to whether any bristles
grey, tipped brown to reddish; Csp. 1, c. 3 cm lg., are present on the flower. Regarding the areoles,
stouter; FI.6-9 cm lg.; Pet. white, washed faintly Ritter says: “enormous and long-felty”. The
pink; Ov. with thick brown felt; Fr. ovoid, with similarity with Soehrensia uebelmanniana, found
light-coloured cushions of felt, these eventually at an altitude of 3500 m, and the specific name
turning red, with lax Sp.-clusters, pulp variously “Rodentiophila atacamensis”, lead one to suppose
coloured: white, pale pink, light carmine, (in the absence of any habitat-data from Ritter)
raspberry-red; S. ± yellowish-brown, wrinkled.— that the latter grows on the Puna de Atacama, and
Central and S. Mexico. that both genera are from east of the Andes and
have penetrated into Chile; this is certainly the case
R.queretaroensis(Web.) Backbg. with Soehrensia uebelmanniana. 3 species hitherto
Bo.to 6m h., trunk to c. 1m h., to 35 cm 0 , terete; listed in Winter’s catalogues.—Distribution: Chile
shoots to 15 cm 0 , dark green; Ri. 6-8, notched, (Atacama). [Little known of cultural requirements:
with acute lengthwise furrows at first; Ar. irre­ perhaps grafting is preferable.]
gularly arranged, deeply sunken, with dark brown
finely curly wool, with Gl.; Rsp. 6-8, c. 3 cm lg., 2
uppers porrect, shorter; Csp. not clearly differen­ R. atacamensisRitt. n.subnud.
tiated, 2-4, to 4 cm lg., porrect; Sp. straight, Bo.broadly spherical at first, later more elongated,
whitish-grey, reddish at first; FI. 8-9 cm lg., light eventually quite large, acc. Ritter; Ri.divided into
red (?); Fr.almost the size of a hen’s egg, yellow or larger oval Tub.; Ar. oblong-circular, large,
red, with light yellow Sp. to 2.5 cm lg.—Mexico white-felty (in seedling plants); Sp. subulate, Rsp.
(Michoacan and Queretaro to Guanajuato). to over 10, Csp. 1-2, one of these upcurving, at first
concolorous brown, later only so in parts, Rsp.
R. standleyi(G. Ortega) Backbg. (T.) either similar or light-coloured, or light brownish,
Bo.to 4 m h., sometimes with a distinct trunk, light especially the upper ones, all + equal; FI. short; Fr.
green; Ri. (3-)4, 2-3 cm h., notched; Ar. c. 3 cm 2.5 cm 0 , spherical, very juicy.—Chile (Atacama
apart, white-felty; Rsp. 13-16, 10-15 cm lg.; Csp. Varies; some Csp. more porrect and stouth
4—8, 2-2.5 cm lg.; Sp. pink at first, later grey; FI. subulate. (Fig. 374 above, left and right.) Epi­
6-8 cm lg., to 4 cm 0 ; Sep. greenish-pink; Pet. dermis can be mid-green to bluish-green.
white, with alternating pink stripes; Ov. tuber-
culate, scaly; Fr. spherical, pulp red, sweet; S.
glossy, black.—Mexico (Guerrero, near Acapulco; R. megacarpa Ritt. n.subnud.
Sinaloa, in some areas on the coast). Bo. similar to the preceding, but the epidermis
more yellowish-green (always so ?); apparent:;-
The following spec, have previously been classified only Rsp. present, c. 6 (young plants), ± weak);-
with Lemaireocereus, and must for the time being curving, brown at first, shorter than in the
be left there as they have not yet been fully clarified, preceding spec.; the apex appears to be quite
i.e. some may belong to Ritterocereus, others to strongly woolly, whereas in the preceding it is not.
Marshallocereus: Lemaireocereus longispinus, L. rather surprisingly; FI. ?; Fr. ? (acc. to the name,
martinezii, L. montanus, L. quevedonis, L. schum- must be larger than in R. atacamensis).—Chile (no
annii; for descriptions, see under Lemaireocereus. data on locality). (Fig. 374, below.)

Rodentiophila Ritt. (120) R. lanata Ritt. (FR 515) is still listed by Ritter,
however Winter’s catalogue for 1960 adds r. :
A new genus erected by Ritter, but a valid further details, and in more recent issues the name
452
 ROOKSBYA—ROSEOCACTUS

' not even mentioned. Roseocactus Berg. (220)

The species of this genus were earlier classified in
Rooksbya Backbg. (152) Ariocarpus Scheidw., but in the latter FI. are not
central; they arise at the side of the crown from the
Mostly solitary Cerei; flowers nocturnal, fairly axils, sometimes several at one time, + forming a
•ender funnelform, rather bellshaped above, the ring; the tubercles are not cleft, i.e. they have no
rerianth at anthesis consisting of a ring of petals furrow-like and rather woolly depression; areoles,
ground the crowded projecting anthers which form if present, are only small and subcircular, situated
a funnel-shape, closing above to form a sort of below the tip of the areole. In Roseocactus,
rnnulus. The tube appears to be channelled, however, the flowers arise centrally, from the inner
recause of the long-decurrent scale-bases, then it end of a furrow-like, woolly depression ± the full
curves ± strongly upwards and is + swollen at length of the tubercles. These characters are quite
midway; the fleshy scales only project more clearly uniform in all 4 species known today; Roseocactus
r. the upper part of the tube. Ovary and seed-cavity is thus not only a well-demarcated genus, but
are oblong, not recognisably offset; but in the despite a distant resemblance to some species of
_pper part outside several longer bristly and + Ariocarpus it is clearly distinguishable by these
projecting spines are present. These may only diagnostic characters. Berger drew attention to this
appear later, sometimes to 6 are present; but acc. in 1925, and by means of close-up photographs I
■Verdermann there may only be 1-2 fine bristles, or have shown the considerable divergences of floral
tnese are completely missing, or they appear only as insertion and tubercle-character in “Die Cact.”,
:ne ovary ripens. The projecting bristly spines on Vol. V, Fig. 2887-2893, 1961. Anderson’s renewed
a e fruit are ± rigid. In the variety of the type- attempt (C. & S. J. [US], 4: 122 pp. 1961) to refer
-pecies, the style appears to be longer. Seeds are Roseocactus to Ariocarpus as a subgenus can only
glossy brown. The lack of uniform indumentum on be explained by the absence of a comprehensive
:he ovary, taken alone, gives this plant a special principle of systematic arrangement. See also my
>:atus; added to this is the curving and somewhat observations on similar one-sided recombinations
entricosely swollen tube, the solitary habit and the under Ariocarpus, Pediocactus and Rebutia.
relatively acute ribs. These characters are also The species of this genus have a napiform root. The
present in "Neobuxbaumia mezcalaensis” ; H. tubercles are + imbricate, with a horny epidermis,
Bravo described the flowers as naked but Dawson but the shape varies from broadly rounded to
round—at least in some cases—that bristles were triangular or 4-sided. The fruit is a berry which rises
present on the ovary, which agrees with the from the cranial wool, and after it has dried the
characters of Rooksbya. Probably this species seeds remain hidden for a longer time in the wool of
should more correctly be called Rooksbya mez­ the furrow. The most conspicuous diagnostic
calaensis (see also under Neobuxbaumia). 1(— 2) character was brought out by Engelmann when he
species are thus referable here.—Distribution: gave the type-species of the Genus Roseocactus the
Mexico (Tamaulipas, Jaumave, and—if N. mez­ specific name “fissuratus” = cleft. The seeds are
calaensis is included—from Guerrero to Puebla matt black, the flowers probably all normally +
and Oaxaca). [(R).] (light) purplish-red to purplish-pink. Roseocactus
kotschoubeyanus v. albiflorus is one of those
R.euphorbioides(Haw.) Backbg. (T.) colourless variants such as occur in normally red-
Bo. several meters h., simple, washy greyish to flowered species of Mammillaria, Thelocactus,
bluish-green; Ri. to c. 9(-10), acute; Sp. often Krainzia, etc.—Distribution: USA (W. Texas),
only l-2(-3), blackish at first, stout, to c. 2.6 cm lg., Mexico (N. Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León,
sometimes also to 2 shorter ones, directed down­ Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí). [(R); if non-soil
wards; Ar. grey, weakly felty; Csp. 0, or not mineral composts are used, the spec, can be grown
recognisable as such; FI. 9.5-10 cm lg., pinkish- on their own roots, but growth'is slow; imported
red; Sep. and Tu. ± wine-red, throat cream; Fr. plants can easily be grafted, irrespective of size,
yellowish-green, with flat Tub., with bristly Sp., and growth and blooming are then improved.]
dehiscing above, or the sides disintegrating.—
Mexico (Tamaulipas, near Jaumave, and south­ R. fissuratus(Eng.) Berg. (T.)
wards between El Mate and Antigua Morelos). Bo. simple or offsetting, depressed-spherical, to
(Fig. 375.) over 15 cm 0 ; Tub. with the upper surface
v. olfersii(SD.) Backbg.: Bo. darker; Sp. to 10, furrowed across, bordered throughout by a furrow
fairly long, brown, in projecting tufts, flexible, + and a band; FI. to 4 cm 0 , pinkish-red with a
bristly, 1-2 longer ones; FI. as in the type.— darker centre; Fr. white.—USA (SW. Texas),
Origin ? Mexico (Coahuila). (Fig. 376.)
453
ROSEOCACTUS—SAMAIPATICEREUS

R.intermediusBackbg. & Kil. flowers nocturnal, large, white, the tube towards
Bo. as in the preceding; Tub. c. 2.3 cm br., the ovary set fairly densely with broad scales with
rhomboid, slightly raised towards the middle, much curly axillary hair; fruits with projecting
transverse wrinkles more apparent, without any triangular pink scales, with axillary hair. The floral
band, furrowed almost over the entire length, these tubes are strongly channelled, primarily because of
furrows 2-3 mm br.; FI. light purplish-pink, to over the long-decurrent bases of the scales. Some of the
4 cm 0 ; Fr.elongated-clavate, whitish-pink; S. 1.7 plants can be of + tree-like habit. Because of these
mm lg.—N. Mexico. characteristics, this currently monotypic genus
Erroneously regarded by Anderson as nom. nud. cannot be united with any other.—Distribution: E.
(Latin diagnosis in Kakt. u.a. Sukk. 10: 151. 1960) Bolivia (from Cochabamba to Chuquisaca). [(R).]
and despite the difference in furrow-character given
as a synonym of “Ariocarpus fissuratus v. lloydii R.tephracanthus(Lab.) Backbg. (T.)
(Rose) Marsh.” (C. & S. J. [US], 39. 1965). Bo. shrubby to tree-like, bluish or greyish-green:
branches to c. 6 cm 0 ; Ri. mostly 8, rounded,
R. kotschoubeyanus(Lem.) Berg. tuberculately convex below the Ar„ particularly on
Bo. simple, with a longer cylindric napiform R., older shoots, new growth less so, or not at all; Rsp.
only low, to 5 cm 0 ; Tub. without any band, 4-7, whitish, tipped brownish, sometimes pale
spiralled and imbricate, scarcely 7 mm h., to 7 mm yellowish at first; Csp. 1, rather stouter, longer,
br., + triangular, with a woolly furrow throughout sometimes brownish at first; Sp.lengthening as the
the length, with strong hairy felt towards the base shoots age; FI. 18-22 cm lg., greenish-white to
and in the Ax.; FI. to 3 cm lg. and 3(—5) cm 0 , white; Ov. broadly scaly, with felty H.—Bolivia.
pinkish-purple to light purple.—Mexico (Du­ (Fig. 377.)
rango; Nuevo León; San Luis Potosí). F1.-0 may
vary acc. to locality.
v. albiflorusBackbg.: FI.pure white, to 5 cm 0 , Samaipaticereus Card. (83)
often broader than the Bo., only occasionally
suffused pink towards the centre.—Mexico Columnar to tree-like Cerei with relatively few ribs.
(Nuevo León ?); The principal diagnostic character lies in the
v. macdowellii Backbg.: R. more slender, cylin­ nocturnal flowers which do not open wide, the
dric; Bo. smaller; Tub. more slender, darker.— stout tube having short clusters of hairs; the type-
Locality? I took the name from a catalogue of species still has a few short bristles whereas in the
Haage & Schmidt (a cactus-nursery in Erfurt second species these are quite reduced. Only the
which was well known in the early years of the fruits of the type-species are known, and these are
century), in memory of the former successful spherical, salmon-red and reddish-orange inside.
collector, MacDowell, whose son worked with The flowers obviously appear in considerable
me when I brought to Hamburg a collection of numbers on one side only of the shoots.—
old Cephalocereus senilis. Distribution: Bolivia (Prov. Florida and Inquisivi
R.lloydii(Rose) Berg. [(R): the type-species has proved to be strong­
growing in cultivation.]
Bo. depressed-spherical, dimensions as in the
preceding; Tub. + rhomboid, without any band, ± S.corroanusCard. (T.)
raised towards the middle, ± wrinkled, the furrow Bo.tree-shaped, to 3.5 m h., with a low trunkto 15
only throughout ± half of the length, and at first cm 0 , green to darker green; branches ascending,
very noticeably woolly; FI. + purplish-red.— to c. 4 cm 0 ; Ri. 4-6, juveniles sometimes 3-4-
Mexico (Coahuila; Durango; Zacatecas).
angled, later with transverse notching above; Ar.
I have a colour photo from Cullmann showing
quite a young plant which has extremely plentiful with greyish-brown felt at first; Sp.c. 5, very short,
apical wool from which the FI. project, as if brownish at first, then greyish-white, one of these
to 1cm lg., others 2-3 mm lg., + swollen below, all
emerging from a cobweb; three FI. were open at the Sp. very thin in juveniles; FI. to 5 cm lg., slight!;,
one time; Sti. whitish, pink towards the pink style, curving, white, whitish-green outside; Tu. with H.
Pet. with wavy margins and of a brilliant light
purple—a picture showing the full beauty of a and a few Br., all short, brown; style white; Sti.
grafted young plant of Roseocactus, as well as the light yellow; Fr. dehiscing longitudinally, tuber­
special position of the genus. culate, salmon-red, orange to flesh-coloured inside,
colouring-matter water-soluble; S. 1.5 mm lg.—
Bolivia (Florida, El Puente de Samaipata). (Fig.
Roseoeereus (Backbg.) Backbg. (87) 378.)
Erectly shrubby Cerei with very tuberculate ribs; S. inquisivensisCard.
454
 SAMAIPATICEREUS—SCLEROCACTUS

Bo.columnar, to 4 m h. ; shootsto 5 cm 0 ; Ri.9, + some species also hooked. The diurnal flowers are
: -:use, with no horizontal notching but somewhat + bellshaped to funnelform, with only traces of
-rckened around the Ar. ; Ar. brownish, becoming felt, the basally dehiscent fruit similarly. A clearly
grey: Sp. 8-11, 0.2-2.5 cm lg., not differentiated; distinctive group of species.—Distribution: USA
FI 5 cm lg., white, narrowly funnelform, limb (desert areas of the SW.). [(G): difficult plants to
• ightly oblique, short, only hairy; Fr. ?—Bolivia grow, i.e. they rarely survive long in collections,
Inquisivi, Puente Inquisivi). and even grafting seldom provides a longer-term
solution.]*
S. peruvianus Johns., not described: to 4.5 m h.;
moots 4-angled, with short Sp.; FI. white; Fr. S.frankliniiEvans (synonym ?)
green, with orange pulp. Acc. to the name, must Bo. spherical to oblong, to 14 cm h., 8 cm 0 ,
; 3me from Peru. No further data available. bluish-green; Ri.8-15, tuberculate; Ar.white, with
1-6 pink or yellow Gl.concealed in the wool; Rsp.
7-13, radiating and appressed or ± projecting,
Schlumbergera Lem. (30) terete, straight, or flattened, curving, to 2 cm lg.,
white or ash-grey; Csp. 1-3, 1.5-3 cm lg., black or
A genus still scarcely represented in European grey, terete or flattened, straight or curving; FI.to
: Elections; illustrated by Vaupel in “Die Kak- 4.5 cm lg., 3-5 cm 0 , pink or white; Fr.oblong, to 3
:een”, 92. 1926: Fig. 25: A. The main characteris- cm lg., greenish-pink; S. 1-3 mm lg., brown or
::;s are as follows: habit resembling that of black, minutely tuberculate.—USA (Colorado, S.
Zygocactus; flowers regular, quite large diurnal; Gunnison Valley). In my view, not separable from
filaments in 2 series; stigma-lobes capitate, con- “Echinocactus glaucus K. Sch.”, which Purpus
nivent; fruit 4-angled. Only 1 species known.— also collected in Gunnison Valley; the plant should
Distribution: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). [(R).] therefore be called: Sclerocactus glaucus (K. Sch.)
Backbg.
S. russelliana(Gardn.) Br. & R. (T.) S. havasupaiensisClov.
Bo. a shrubby epiphyte, to 1 m lg., main St. terete, Bo. fairly slender, cylindric, relatively densely
segmented; Seg.to 3.5 cm lg. and to 2 cm br., light spined; Sp. mostly 4 longer ones, 4 medium-long
green, with a M.-vein, with very sparse H. at the and to 6 shorter, occasionally ± bent or weakly
apex; FI.5.5 cm lg., dark pink; Fil.of the upper Gr. hooked above (data from herbarium-sheet); FI.
attached to the Tu., and the lower Gr. to the Ov., 3.5-5.3 cm 0 , whitish; Sep. yellowish-green; S.
rinkish-carmine, style and Sti. similarly; Ov. dark glossy black.—USA (Arizona, in side-canyons of
green, with 4 winged angles, the 1.2 cm lg. berry the Grand Canyon).
::milarly; S. dark chestnut-brown, 1.5 mm lg.— v. roseus Clov.: FI. flesh-pink, scented: Sti.
Brazil (Organ Mountains). undivided (finely divided in the type); S.
distinctly tuberculate.—USA (Arizona, only in
S. bridgesii (Lem.) Lofgr.: the plant sometimes the Havasupai Canyon).
found under this name is a hybrid: FI. red, Ov. only
shortly 4-winged. S. intermediusPeebl.
Bo. ovoid-cylindric, to 20 cm h.; Ri. 13, low,
Schlumbergera SG. Zygocactus (K. Sch.) Moran: slightly spiralled; Rsp. c. 12, white, straight or
ee under Zygocactus K. Sch. contorted; Csp. longer, 4 cruciform, 3-5 cm lg.,
This combination must be regarded as superfluous upper ones flat, sometimes contorted, slightly
and is confusing since Zygocactus was earlier called longitudinally furrowed above, white, other Csp.
Epiphyllum, and has in fact continued to be known + 4-sided, reddish, often hooked; FI. to 5 cm
as such in the trade. Zygocactus has since become lg., purple.—USA (Arizona, not far from Pipe
more familiar. A new name is not called for since its Springs).
flowers are quite distinct: zygomorphic, with a
longer corolla-tube, the inner group of filaments S.parviflorusClov. & Jott.
with a revolute membraneous ring below, the ovary Bo. simple, cylindric, to 45 cm lg., to 9 cm 0 , erect
and fruit top-shaped. A combination of this kind or curving; Ri. 13, distinctly tuberculate; Rsp.
tends to allow these differences to be overlooked. 14-15, to 3.4 cm lg., compressed, straight; Csp. 3,
hooked, also one upper 3-sided Sp,, not hooked, to
6 cm lg., the 3 lower ones 3-4-angled, to 7.5 cm lg.,
Sclerocactus Br. & R. (192)
* Translator's note: C. & S.J. (US) XLVIII, 3 : 1976:
Spherical to cylindric plants with ± interlacing (Woodruff & Benson). “Changes of Status in
spines, these sometimes longer, flattened and in Sclerocactus.”

455
SCLEROCACT'US—SELENICEREUS

purplish-brown; FI. small, to 2.5 cm lg., 2 cm 0 , without hair but spiny. Inner petals uniformly
purple; style purple.—USA (Arizona, Colorado white and fairly broad, stamens in two series,
Canyon, above Lees Ferry). sometimes very numerous; style long, fairly thick
and often hollow. Fruits large, mostly reddish,
S. polyancistrus(Eng. & Big.) Br. & R. (T.) yellow only in one instance so far as known, with
Bo. simple, spherical to oblong, to 40 cm h.; Ri. deciduous spines, set with bristles and hairs.
13-17, to 1.5 cm h., very wavy; Sp. c. 20, scarcely Species of this genus are in general more vigorous-
differentiated, Rsp. acicular, white, to 2.5 cm lg., growing and easier to flower than Hylocereus in
Csp. several, unequal, to 12.5 cm lg., upper ones which the flowers, while similar, have no in­
flat, erect, white, others brown, spreading, terete, dumentum. Freshly cut stems and flowers of S.
often hooked; FI.c. 8 cm lg., purple; stylecarmine; grandiflorus, in particular, are used in the prepara­
Fr.light purple, oblong to pear-shaped, with fleshy tion of drugs with a spasmolytic effect on the
walls at first, these drying, to 4cm lg.; S.4 mm lg., coronary vessels, and to promote blood-
black, finely tuberculate.—USA (deserts: Califor­ circulation ; for this purpose cuttings are cultivated
nia, Nevada and W. Arizona). (Fig. 379.) in hot-houses.*—Distribution: from S. Texas
through E. Mexico, Central America and the W.
S. whipplei(Eng. & Big.) Br. & R. Indies to the N. coast of S. America; one species,
Bo. simple or somewhat offsetting, to 15 cm lg., to originally reported from Honduras, has been
7.5 cm 0 ; Ri. 13-15, spiralled, tuberculate; Rsp. reported from Uruguay and Argentina, and may
7- 11, somewhat flattened, to 18 mm lg., white or well have been introduced, while another (which is
black; Csp.absent in young Ar., later mostly 4, top rather dubious) is said to originate in Paraguay
one flattened and straight, others brown or black, [<R ).l
some or all of them hooked, all to c. 3.5 cm lg.; FI.
shortly bellshaped to funnelform, pink to purple; S. boeckmannii(O.) Br. & R.
style downy, reddish; Sti. green; Fr. 1.5 cm lg., Bo. fresh green; shoots 2 cm 0 ; Ri. 7, rather
oblong, red, + glabrous; S. over 3 mm lg., indented and notched; Ar. grey; Sp. c. 1 mm lg..
matt, black.—USA (N. Arizona; SE. Utah; W. thickened below, 3 uppers and 1 Csp. brown, 3
Colorado). lower ones grey; FI. to 30 cm lg., over 20 cm 0.
v. pygmaeus Peebl.: Bo. only 5 cm h.; Sp. fewer, white; Tu. and Ov. with brown H., with 2-3 stout
Csp. dark brown, under 2 cm lg., sometimes brown Sp.—E. Mexico; Cuba; Haiti; naturalised
hooked; FI. ?; Fr. 7 mmlg.—USA (Arizona, N. in the Bahamas. FI. not scented.
of Ganado);
v. spinosior (Eng.) Boiss.: Bo. to over 20 cm h., S.brevispinusBr. & R.
reputedly more slender than the type; Rsp. Bo. light green, with white H. at the tip of young
12-15.—USA (W. Colorado). shoots; Ri.8-10, slightly indented; Ar.brown; Sp.
12, 1 mm lg., the 3-4 centrals rather thicker, outer
S. wrightiaeBens. ones ± bent, also 6 or more Br.; FI. 25 cm lg.; Tn.
Bo. spherical to ovoid, simple; Ri. c. 13, divided and Ov. with white H.; Sep. yellowish; Pet.
into Tub. 12 mm lg., 9 mm br.; Ar.3-4 mm 0 ; Rsp. white.—Cuba.
8- 10, white, 6-12 mm lg.; Csp.4, light below, dark
brown above, 12-15 mm lg., bottom one hooked; S. coniflorus(Wgt.) Br. & R.
FI. 1.9 cm 0 and lg.; Sep. lavender-coloured with Bo. matt green, often reddened, St. 4-5-sided: Ri.
light borders, c. 1.2 cm lg., 3-6 mm br.; Pet. rounded; Ar. white; Sp. acicular, to c. 6, to 1.3 cm
tapering, 1.2 cm lg., 4.5-6 mm br., whitish below; lg. unequal, radiating and projecting, brownish,
An. yellow; styleyellow with 5 Sti.; Fr. spherical; mostly with 2 appressed brownish Br.; FI. faint!-,
S. 2 mm lg., 1.5 mm thick.—USA (Utah, near the perfumed, white, delicate light green below; Sep.
Fremont River and San Rafael Ridge, at c. 350 m). sometimes flesh-coloured inside; Sti.light green. -
Named for Mrs. Dorde Wright, who discovered the Haiti (naturalised in Florida).
species in 1961.
S. donkelaari(SD.) Br. & R.
Bo. with very long St. 1 cm 0 ; Ri.9—10, obtuse or
Selenicereus (Berg.) Br. & R. (45) indistinct; Ar.fairly close together; Sp. 10-15, Rsp.
appressed, bristly, Csp. 1 or more, 1-2 mm lg.: FI.
Slender-stemmed clinging or climbing Cerei with 18 cm lg.; Pet. white; Sep. reddish; Fil. and style
aerial roots, ribs low or angular, spines fairly short greenish below, whitish above.—Mexico (Yuca­
and sometimes absent. Flowers large, often very tan).
large, nocturnal, with longer tubes, these and the
ovaries usually with hair and bristles, sometimes * See c o lo u r-p h o to : In tro d u ctio n .
456
 SELENICEREUS

S. grandifiorus(L.)Br. & R. (T.) reddish-brown; FI. 23 cm lg., 18 cm 0 , yellowish-

Bo. green or bluish-green, climbing; shoots to 2.5 white; Sep. projecting, brown or dark yellow;
:m 0 ; Ri. 7-8 or fewer, low; Ar. not set on Ov. with plentiful greyish-white H.—Honduras;
rrominent Tub., without Br., at first with some H., Guatemala.
mese later disappearing; Sp. acicular, 7-11, 0.4-1
:m lg., yellowish at first; FI. c. 18(—30) cm lg., S. humilis (DC.) Marsh.: an insufficiently clarified
rerfumed; Tu. and Ov. with H. and Sp.; Sep.long, plant: shoots 2.5 cm 0 ; Ri. 4-5, compressed; Ar.
narrow, salmon-coloured; Pet. white, forming a glabrous or white-felty; Sp. 4-8 mm lg.; Rsp. 8-12,
reaker-shape; Fr. 8 cm lg., ovoid, patterned red bristly, white; Csp. 3-4, stouter, straw-coloured.—
_nd yellowish, with brownish wool and yellowish Santo Domingo.
Sp., edible.—Jamaica and Cuba; Haiti; Mexico (E.
lowlands). S.inermis(O.)Br. & R.
(v. grandifiorus: Ar.-wool not pure white); Bo. glossy, light green; shoots to 1.25 cm 0 ; Ri.
v. affinis(SD.) Borg: Ar.-wool pure white at first; 3-5, angular; Ar.distant, with a few Br. at first; Sp.
v. barbadensis (Eng.) Borg: shoots dark green, 0; FI. c. 15 cm lg., white, reddish below; Sep.
suffused reddish; Sp. longer, always yellowish; yellowish-green, reddish below; Tu. and Ov. with
FI. with the Sep. more reddish, more strongly one or two Sp., without H.; style thick, reddish;
recurved.—Barbados, St. Thomas; Sti.yellowish-green.—Venezuela; Colombia.
v. irradians (Lem.) Borg: Bo. dark green; Sp.
clustered, 5 mm lg., whitish, weak; FI. as in the S. jalapensis (Vpl.) Borg: Selenicereus pringlei
type but rather smaller; Pet.more spreading; Rose.
v. ophites (Lem.) Borg: Ar.-wool dark brown;
Ri.6-8; shoot-tips reddish at first; Sp.very short, S. kunthianus(O.) Br. & R.
thick, whitish; Bo. light green, with robust subterete St.; Ri.7-10,
v. tellii(hort.) Borg: Bo. more slender, to 1 cm becoming flatter; Ar.brown, with curly wool; Rsp.
0 , deep green; Ri. mostly 4, rarely 5; Ar. 4, cruciform, very small, stiff', brown; Csp. 0-1,
brownish; Sp. small; FI. as in the type, but brownish; FI. 23 cm lg., perfumed, white; Sep.
smaller.—Mexico (?); narrow, reddish-green; Tu. and Ov. with greyish-
v. uranos (Rice.) Borg: apparently only a form of pink H. and white Br.-Sp.; Fr. carmine, hairy,
v. barbadensis (Eng.) Borg: lighter green, with spiny.—Honduras (?).
similar longer yellowish Sp., with narrower,
more spreading Pet. 5. macdonaldiae(Hook. ) Br, & R.
Bo. dark green at first, St.later terete; shoots very
S. hallensis(Wgt.) Wgt. long, to 1.5 cm 0 ; Ri. 5, flat, tuberculate; Ar.
Bo.to 3 m lg., pale green; Ri.5-6, sometimes acute; small; Sp. several, brown, minute; FI. to 35 cm lg.,
Ar. brown, set on small protuberances; Sp. 0-2-6, white or cream; Sep. ± recurved, reddish or
brownish-yellow, thin, 1-3 of these to 1 cm lg., orange; Pet. pure white; Tu. and Ov. with rusty-
others quite small; FI. 30 cm lg., 28 cm 0 ; Pet. brown H., with short brown Sp.; Sti.yellowish.—
white, laxly cup-shaped; Sep. ochre-yellow; Tu. Honduras (perhaps the true homeland?); also
and Ov. brownish-red, with H. and Sp. FI. vanilla- reported from Argentina and Uruguay (natural­
scented.—Colombia. ised?).
v. grusonianus(Wgt.) Backbg.: Bo. velvety dark
S. hamatus (Scheidw.) Br. & R. green; Ri.6, narrow, becoming flatter; Ar.grey,
Bo. very long, light green, glossy; shootsto 22 mm below a small acute Tub.; Sp. conical, 3-4, c. 2
0 ; Ri.mostly 4-angled, with a nose-shaped spur to mm lg., one directed downwards, reddish-
1 cm lg.; Sp. bristly at first, or 5-6, upper ones brown, others directed upwards, yellowish-
white, bristly, 4-6 mm lg., deciduous, 2-3 lower white, tipped reddish-brown, also a few Br.; FI.
ones persisting, stouter, brown; FI. 30-40 cm lg.; as in the type but larger; both are vanilla-
Pet. broad, white; outer Sep. reddish, inner ones scented.—Origin: dubious.
chrome-yellow; Tu. green or brownish, it and the Br. & R. hold this to be an ecotype, but Berger
Ov. with blackish H. and thin white Sp.—Mexico regards it as a valid spec.
(Vera Cruz, Jalapa).
S. maxonii Rose
S. hondurensis(K. Sch.) Br. & R. Bo. light green (?); Ri. 5-6; Ar. small; Sp. very
Bo. with shoots to 2.2 cm 0 ; Ri. 7—10, slightly short, yellowish, stouter, with a few recurved white
indented, becoming flatter; Ar. brownish, with Br.; FI. 20cm lg., white; Sep.greenish, brownish or
curly grey H. to 15 mm lg.; Sp. 7-9, white, not pink; Tu. with white wool and H., with Br.; style
sharp, brittle; Csp. 1 or several, to 6 mm lg.. cream-coloured.—Cuba (Oriente).
457
SELENICEREUS

Possibly only a variety of S. urbanianus, with larger later terete; Ar. set on Tub.; Rsp. 3-5, red.
FL, and Sp. straw-coloured at first, later brownish. becoming grey, conical, 3-4 mm lg.; Csp. 0-1.
rather longer; FI.32 cm lg., white; Sep.red outside,
S. murrilliiBr. & R. yellow inside; Ov. with brown H., with clustered
Bo.to over 6 m lg., climbing; shootsonly 8 mm 0 , Sp.; stylewhite; Sti.yellow.—Origin: not known.
dark green, with many aerial R.; Ri. 7-8, reddish,
very low, thin; Ar. white; Sp. 5-6, minute, 1-2 S. x "Rettigsche Hybride” : a cross with Aporo-
bottom ones recurved, longer, 1-2 cm lg., others cactus, having pink diurnal FI.; very rewarding.
conical, greenish to black; FI. 15 cm lg. and 0 ,
white, outer Pet. + greenish; Sep.greenish-yellow, S. roseanus (Vpl.) Marsh.: Selenicereus maxonii
strongly spreading, outermost ones purple on the Rose.
underside; Ov. with only 3 prickles in the Ar.,
without H.—-Mexico (Colima). S. rostratus (Lem.) Marsh.: Selenicereus hamatus
(Scheidw.) Br. & R.
S. nelsonii(Wgt.) Br. & R.
Bo.strongly branching; shootsthin, weakly glossy, S.rothii(Wgt.) Berg.
green, to 15 mm 0 , sometimes with aerial R.; Ri. Bo. bluish to sap-green at first, St.later terete; Ri.
6-7, low, rather tuberculate; Ar.small; Sp.to c. 12,5- 6; Ar. prominent, without extra FL, mostly with
radiating, acicular, white to yellowish, 5-7 mm lg.;2 Br.: Sp.4-5, 3-5 mm lg., mostly cruciform; FI.30
FI.20cm lg., white; Sep.linear, reddish-brown; Tu. cm lg., 25 cm 0 , faintly scented, white inside; Pet.
and Ov. with felt and white Br.; Fr. reddish, 2.5 yellowish outside; Sep.reddish-green; Tu, and Ov.
cm 0 , with clusters of Sp. to 1 cm lg.—S. Mexico. with small Sp. and Br.—Paraguay.
Br. and R. referred this spec.—probably on
S. pringleiRose account of its rather remarkable occurrence in
Bo. climbing high up, yellowish-green, often Paraguay—to S. macdonaldiae; Berger, however,
reddened; Ri. 6-7, acute; Rsp. 5-6; Csp. 1; Sp. regarded the 2 spec, as distinct. S. rothii originated
acicular, spreading, yellow, eventually white, also with Grosse, in Paraguay, and this is far distant
to 5 white Br.; FI. 20 cm lg., white; Pet. rather from the main distribution. It has never been
shorter than the Sep.; Tu. and Ov. with brown established with certainty whether its occurrence
wool.—Mexico (Vera Cruz). (Fig. 380.) there is in fact spontaneous.
S.pseudospinulosusWgt. S.spinulosus(DC.) Br.& R.
Bo. resembling that of S. spinulosus, mostly Bo. vivid glossy green; shoots long, slender, to 13
creeping; shootslong; Sp.differing from those of S. mm 0 , with isolated aerial R.; Ri. 4-5-(-6), low',
spinulosus in being + appressed, most Ar.having 1 more acute at first, becoming obtuse and finalh
Sp. bent upwards and 1 downwards; FI.white; Sep. flat; Ar. reddish-brown, later greyish-brown; Rsp.
leather-coloured; Ov. larger, longer and less 6- 8, upper ones subulate, stout, short, horn-
stoutly spiny than in S. spinulosus.—USA (SE. coloured to whitish, somewhat projecting, 2
Texas), Mexico (Tamaulipas). bottom ones 5 mm lg., much thinner, bristly, pale:
Csp. 1, like the upper Rsp.; FI. c. 15 cm lg. and 0 .
S. pteranthus(Lk. & O.) Br. & R. unperfumed, white; Sep. deep to light reddish-
Bo. bluish-green, often reddened; shoots 1.3-5 cm brown ; Ov. with reddish to white Br.; styleand Sti.
0 ; Ri. 4-6, acute, becoming flatter so that the white.—Mexico (Flidalgo, Rio Tonaltongo).
shoots are eventually terete; Ar.with white wool at
first; Sp.6-12,to 6mm lg., yellow, becoming grey; S. urbanianus(Giirke & Wgt.) Br. & R.
FI.to 30 cm lg., white, unscented; Sep. brownish- Bo. glossy, later matt, green, often reddened,
red; Tu. and Ov. white-woolly; style and Sti. shootsto 5 cm 0 ; Ri.5-6, rarely 3-6, acute at first.
whitish; Fr. red, spherical, spiny, 6-7 cm 0 . — Ar. with rather longer white H. and 1-2 thin Br..
Mexico (Tamaulipas and Vera Cruz). Said to be Sp. several, spreading, acicular, straw-coloured,
naturalised in Florida. The unscented FI. shows later brownish, to 1 cm lg.; FI. to 30 cm lg..
that the perfume is not essential for attracting yellowish-white; Sep. narrow, green, brownish
pollinators to ensure fertilisation. This spec, was outside, red above; style yellowish-green; Sti.
earlier better known under the synonym Cereus yellow; Fr.spherical.—Haiti; Cuba.
nycticallus Lk.
S.vagans(K. Brand. ) Br. & R.
S. radicans(DC.) Berg. Bo. often creeping, freely branching; shootsto 1.5
Bo.glossy, light green; shootsroughened, brittle, to cm 0 ; Ri.c. 10, low; Sp. numerous, acicular, to 1
15 mm 0 ; Ri. 3-4—5, acute, 'then flatter, shoots cm lg., brownish-yellow; FI. 15 cm lg. and 0 .
458
 SELENICEREUS-SETICEREUS

-hite, strongly perfumed; Sep. brownish to be regarded as a diagnostic character in one

greenish-white, narrow; style greenish, cream instance, then it must be uniformly treated as such
ibove.—Mexico (Mazatlan, on the W. coast). elsewhere.
Seeds of Seticereus are dull black.—Distribution:
S. vaupelii(Wgt.) Berg. S. Ecuador and adjacent N. Peru, at higher
Bo. light greyish-green, darker at first, sometimes altitudes. [(R).]
reddened; shootsto 18 mm 0 , with a tuft of grey H.
the tip; Ri.5, narrow, scarcely sinuate; Ar.small, S,chloroearpus(HBK.) Backbg.
grey; Rsp. 0-5; Csp. 1-2; all Sp. only 0.5 cm lg., Bo. ± tree-like with a short trunk,to over 1.5 m h.,
also c. 4 grey H. c. 7 mm lg., and 2-3 small with a fairly dense crown, matt green; branches
-ppressed Br.; FI. 25 cm lg., vanilla-scented, white; always re-branching above; Ri. 9-10, c. 2 cm h.;
Sep. reddish-green outside, yellow inside; Ov. Rsp. c. 8-10, to 1 cm lg., radiating but none in the
reddish-grey, hairy, with Sp. 3 mm lg.; Sti.intense upper Ar.-margin; Csp. (1— )3—4, unequal, sub­
■ ellow.—Haiti. ulate, straight, stiff, pungent, to 5 cm lg.; Sp.
brownish or darker, soon becoming whitish-grey;
S.wercklei(Web.) Br. & R. Ar. at first light brownish-white, later sometimes
Bo. freely branching, pale green; shoots thin, with Br.; FI. (acc. Hutchison) as in the other spec.;
-abterete, 5-15 mm 0 , with many aerial R.:Ri. Fr. described as “green, with robust H.”, but this
6-12, weak; Ar.with a minute tuft of felt; Sp.0; FI. probably refers to an immature Fr., since the
15-16 cm lg., light red (to white?); Sep. greenish; specific name means “greenish-yellow”.—N. Peru
Ov. spiny; style green below, pink at midway, (near Huancabamba and the Olmos valley).
whitish above; Fr. ovoid, yellow, spiny.-—Costa
Rica (near Miravalles, Cerro Mogote). S. ferrugineus Backbg.: Seticereus icosagonus v.
Seleniphyllum Rowl.: a hybrid genus f errugineus(Backbg.) Backbg.
Selenicereus x Epiphyllum).
S.humboldtii(HBK.) Backbg.
Seriocactus Y. Ito: BrasilicactusBackbg. Bo. semi-prostrate and ascending, dark green; Ri.
10-12, ± tuberculate, transversely furrowed; Rsp.
numerous, thin; Csp. to c. 6, subulate; all Sp.
Seticereus Backbg. (72)* chestnut-brown, the bristly Ceph. similarly; FI.
carmine; Fil.violet-red.—S. Ecuador to N. Peru.
Rather low Cerei, sometimes semi-creeping to
shrubby, to ± tree-like, from a restricted area in N. S. icosagonus(HBK.) Backbg. (T.)
Peru and the extreme S. of Ecuador. Seticereus Bo. semi-prostrate and ascending, freely offsetting,
differs in the following generic characters from forming colonies; shootsto c. 60 cm lg., to over 6
Borzicactus, for which the appropriate characters cm 0 ; Ri. 18-20, low, little tuberculate, in some
are given in parenthesis for comparison, with “B.” forms thickened towards the apex, with the Ri.
indicating Borzicactus): Flowering zone with ± somewhat tuberculate and the Sp. darker; Sp.
plentiful bristle-development, up to a dense and numerous, + bristly-fine, lighter to deep honey-
longer cephalium (B.: not present); floral limb yellow, Br.-Ceph.similarly; FI.light to intense red,
relatively short (B.: longer); tube compressed (B.: sometimes scarlet, to c. 8 cm lg., with whitish to
terete); hair-development absent from the flower- brownish H.: Fr.yellowish, to c. 5 cm 0 , Ar. with
base (B.: present); fruit up to apple-sized (B.: thin H.—S. Ecuador to N. Peru. (Fig. 381, 383.)
smaller). These characters are present and uniform v. aurantiaciflorus Backbg.: FI. light orange-
in all 4 species described, even in those of a tall- yellow, tipped + reddish;
shrubby or + tree-like habit such as is never found v. ferrugineus (Backbg.) Backbg. n.comb. (Set­
in Borzicactus, To include Seticereus in Borzi­ icereus oehmeanus v. ferrugineus (Backbg.)
cactus, as is done by Kimnach, is thus not justi­ Backbg., “Die Cact.”, 982. 1959): Bo. darker
fiable ; it can only lead to insufficient observation of green; Sp.brownish, later grey, a few stouter, all
the distinguishing characters. Ritter's rather similar at first brownish; FI. dark carmine; Fil. not
treatment was still more illogical since his Genus violet. Perhaps a spontaneous hybrid with S.
Cephalocleistocactus is differentiated from Cleis- humboldtii;
tocactus onlyby the bristly cephalium; if this is to v. oehmeanus (Backbg.) Backbg.: Sp. light
* F irst L atin diagnosis in K a k t. u.a. Sukk., 3: 37. 1937
brownish; Csp. 1-2, stouter but sometimes
(M a rch ); L atin diagnosis in BfK . 1937, 7 (July) o f w hat
absent, otherwise the upper one to 3 cm lg., the
late r p ro v ed to be th e synonym ous genus G y m n a n th o - lower one to 6 cm lg., obliquely projecting; FI.
cereus B ackbg. (See also u n d e r G ym nocereus B ackbg.) crimson.—N. Peru.
459
SETICEREUS—-SETICLEISTOCACTUS

S. roezlii(Hge. Jr.) Backbg. leaves a vacant space which Seticleistocactus neatly

Bo. laxly branching, shrubby, to over 2 m h., fills: i.e. the stage of reduction before Cleistocactus.
greyish-green; branchesto 7 cm 0 ; Ri.to 9, with a These two genera and Cephalocleistocactus to­
transverse notch or V-furrow over the Ar.; Ar. gether constitute a “group of reduction”, two of the
yellowish at first; Rsp. 9-12, radiating, the bottom genera having different types of bristle-
one longest, to 1cm lg., light brown, subulate; Csp. development: Seticleistocactus with bristles on
1, 1-4 cm lg., porrect at first, later directed flower and fruit but none in the areoles of the
downwards, all later light grey, Ceph.-Br.scattered stem, while Cephalocleistocactus with increasing
at first, more numerous with increasing age, finally size develops an increasingly dense bristle-
denser and dark at the apex; FI.red, numerous on cephalium in the flowering region, with no bristles
mature plants.—N. Peru (valley of Bellavista- present on the flower; while in Cleistocactus,
Olmos, or near Bellavista). (Fig. 382.) bristles are lacking both in the flowering zone and
Re-collected by Rauh; I was able to compare his on the flowers.
material with plants which had long been in These grouped genera show clearly that Nature
cultivation in European collections, including herself has provided, with the line of reduction, the
those of Haage, and all were identical. Unaware of most natural possible principle for classification.
this Kimnach and Hutchison regarded the above Distribution: Bolivia (Prov. Florida and Valle
name as a synonym of Borzicactus sepium, while Grande). [(R).]
Ritter believed that the plants, including those of
the spec, seen by Rauh, had not yet been described
and called it Borzicactus neoroezlii Ritt. In cases S. dependens (Card.) Backbg. n.comb. (Cleisto­
like this it is essential that one should study older cactus dependens Card., C. & S. J. [US] XXIV-
collected material in European collections. There is 5, 144. 1952).
further a variety or form which flowers profusely Bo. prostrate and ascending; shoots to 3.5 cm 0:
even when quite small, in which the flowering zone Ri. 10-12, low, narrow; Ar. whitish-grey above,
does not develop any bristles for a long time, and black-felty below; Rsp.8-12, to 3 mm lg., pungent,
even then they are only relatively sparse. Blossfeld reddish-grey at first; Csp. 3^4, darker, 1 to 1.5 cm
Jr. reported plants like this, or collected their seed. lg., grey, sometimes dark-tipped; Sp. all later
Flowering plants are not rare in collections on the whitish-grey; FI. numerous, c. 4.5 cm lg.; Tu.
Riviera, but I have not named them since I am carmine-pink, slender ; Sep.and Pet.greenish, Sep.
uncertain whether this is perhaps C. chotaensis pink below, more yellowish above, brownish-
(Web.) Ypl., which is probably also a Seticereus: tipped ; Br. on the Tu. (and mostly denser on the
“to 2 m h.; FI. to 5 cm lg., orange-coloured, 2,5 cm bud and Ov.) white, to c. 7 mm lg.; Fr. 1.4 cm 0.
0 , with black H .; from Peru (Rio Chota valley)”, wine-red.—Bolivia (Prov. Florida, La Negra, 1400
alternatively it may be a form or variety of S. m). (Fig. 59 left, 384.)
roezlii. First it is essential to know how tall mature Cardenas only mentioned S. piraymirensis as being
plants can become; if they are only to c. 1 m or a special case, but since he said the Br. of the above
slightly more, then they are more likely a variety of spec, were “long and white”, it had to be referred
S. roezlii. It is also necessary to have some more here.
precise description of C. chotaensis. A good many
years ago I saw S. roezlii over 2 m h. in cultivation. S. piraymirensis (Card.) Backbg. (T.)—Descr.
Cact. Nov. Ill: 13. 1963 (Cleistocactus pirav-
mirensis Card., C. & S. J. [US], XXXIII- 3
Seticleistocactus Backbg. (74) 78-79. 1961).
Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 13. 1963. Bo. erectly columnar, to lm h ., shootsto 3 cm 0.
greyish-green; Ri. c. 15, 4 mm h.; Ar. 1 cm apart,
Relatively low-growing slender Cerei, branching dark; Rsp. 12-18, very fine, 4-10 mm lg.; Csp. I
from the base or the flanks, and closely related to acicular, to 2.5 cm lg.; all Sp.whitish; FI.cylindric.
Cleistocactus; Cardenas described the type-species to 6 cm lg., limb ± oblique, 1.2 cm 0 ; Tu. in pan
of the genus as “a remarkable species, diverging ± curving, bluish-red, with white H.; Sep. dark
from all other species of Cleistocactus by the bluish-red, brown-tipped; Pet. lighter bluish-red.
oblique floral limb with recurved petals, but more they and the Sep. ± revolute; stylelighter bluish-
especially by the long projecting bristles on the red below, darker bluish-red above; Sti. light
floral tube, ovary and fruit; it must have a position green; An. bluish-red; Fr. reddish to dark green.
intermediate between Cleistocactus and Bolivi- 1.5 cm lg., with red Sc.; Br.on Tu. and Fr. 1-2 cm
cereus”. This judgement is sufficient justification in lg.; S. 1 mm lg., glossy, black.—Bolivia (Prov.
itself tor inclusion in a separate genus; in addition, Valle Grande, Santa Cruz, Rio Piraymiri, 1800 m
the classificatory principle of my Systematic Survey (Fig. 385.)
460
 SETICEREUS—SOEHRENSIA

* Setidenmoza icosagonoides : an undescribed Soehrensia Backbg. (114)

- -ow-spined hybrid between Seticereus and
Denmoza. Large plants which can be oblong to spherical,
sometimes^ large-spherical to stoutly columnar;
flowers with moderately long, stout tubes, these
only hairy; fruits + woolly, not dry. Flowers in
>etiechinopsis (Backbg.) De Haas (85) different shades of red or yellow. These plants
occur only at higher altitudes and are rarely seen in
Vender small-cylindric plants with long, + scen- Europe: one species is known to the natives as
inocturnal flowers having a thin tube; the petals “conical ball”, another attains the same size as
ire very narrow, the scales on the tube have a Echinocactus grusonii, while a third is almost as
:r.stle-like extension, and bristles are in part large as the thickly columnar Helianthocereus
present on the ovary; the fruit is spindle-shaped, poco, with old plants up to 2.5 m high.—
dry. and splits longitudinally at maturity. Seeds Distribution : NW. Argentina (from Mendoza and
--ownish-black. Only 1 species known.— Tucuman to Los Andes) ; Chile. [(R).]
Distribution: Argentina: Santiago del Estero. [(R),
- ut grafted plants grow larger.] S. bruchi!(Br. & R.) Backbg. (T.)
Bo. large-spherical, simple, or offsetting to form
S.mirabilis(Speg.) De Haas (T.) groups up to 50 cm 0 ; Ri. to c. 50 or more,
Bo. mostly simple, to 15 cm h., 2 cm 0 , dark tuberculate above ; Ar. with short white woolly felt,
rrownish-green; Ri. 11-12; Ar. minute; Rsp. 9-14, more plentiful at first; Rsp. 9-14, spreading,
- hitish, thin; Csp, 1, porrect, ± subulate, to 1.5 cm projecting, straight or + curving, subulate, stout ;
z..brownish to horn-coloured; all Sp.straight; FI. Csp. similarly, to c. 4 ; Sp. darker, Csp, somewhat
always apical, c. 12 cm lg., white; Pet. very narrow, thickened below; FI.deep red, c. 5 cm 0 , with +
-hite, tapering; Tu. fairly woolly, with black Sc.- erect Pet.; Fr. green, sparsely hairy.—N. Argen­
B: . Ov. also sometimes with Br.; Fr.to 4 cm lg., 6 tina (Tail del Valle). Fechser has also reported
mm 0; S. spherical, 1.5 mm lg.—Argentina (near plants with pale red FI. (Fig. 388.)
Colonia Ceres). (Fig. 386.) This description is based on that of Br. & R,, with
v. graciliorBackbg.--Dcscr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 14. additions. There are also individual plants with
1963: Bo. still darker; Rsp. 10-12; Csp. 1, also yellowish and more stoutly acicular Sp., all to 2 cm
thin, only 0.5(-l) cm lg., light brown above at lg., the Csp. scarcely differentiated in thickness,
first, soon white, tipped + light brown; FI.only thickened below; FI. c. 6.5 cm 0 , rather more
6 cm lg. (when closed, 8.5 cm lg.), c. 2.9 cm 0 ; widely opening, yellowish-red; Fil. red; Sti. green.
Pet. densely capitate and radiating, extremely Br. & R. gave the Sp.-colour as “mostly dark”, but
narrow, greenish-white; Fr. 3 cm lg. (Fig. 387). gave no data regarding thickness and length. Since
Acc. Spegazzini, the type (“validissimus”) has a Rose collected the plants himself it has to be
stout Csp. to 1.5 cm lg. His statement: “FI. assumed that he happened to see only those with
unperfumed”, is not accurate; in both type and deeper red FI. Presumably there are transitional
' ariety the FI. are scented, but less strongly during forms, so that the form with lighter Sp. and FI. (e.g.
caylight; in the variety, the FI. is no longer open by in the Rivière collection) cannot at the present time
the morning and usually it shuts after quite a short be segregated and given varietal status. Since
time. In the spec., the FI. can still be open early in Fechser reported pale red-flowered specimens, Y.
the morning; it is sometimes very strongly scented. Ito’s varieties: v. aureorubriflora and v. rosifiora
The style is short, consequently these plants (which (both 1962) can only be regarded as forms and
are self-fertile) almost always pollinate themselves should be known as such.
and are thus autogamous. This character, together v. nivalis(Fric) is a form from high altitudes, with
with the shape of the perianth, the presence of denser whitish Sp.,collected in 1929 but never re­
bristles, and the nature of the spindle-shaped fruit collected until recently.
which dries up and dehisces laterally, separates
Setiechinopsis from Arthrocereus, and its inclusion S. formosa (Pfeiff.) Backbg.
in the latter by Marshall and Buxbaum can only be Bo. thick-spherical at first, later elongated, cylin-
explained by inadequate familiarity with living dric in age, to over 50 cm h., mostly simple; Ri.
material of both genera which is, admittedly, rarely 15-35; epidermis pale greyish-green; Rsp. 8-16,
available. rather thin and flexible; Csp. to 8, to 7 cm lg.,
flexible; Sp. variable in colour, mostly whitish but
Rsp. also yellowish, and Csp. often darker-tipped,
Setirebutia (Fric) Krzgr., not described: Medio- or reddish, all + translucent; FI. slender bell­
lobiviaBackbg. shaped to funnelform, to 8 cm lg., varying in 0 ,
461
SOEHRENSIA

light to golden-yellow; Tu.to 2.5 cm 0 , yellowish- possible variant of the spec., with rather longer Sp.,
green, laxly hairy.—N. Argentina (Mendoza, and FI. more orange-red.
Quebrada de Toros, or the lower cordillera of the
N. border of Mendoza, to the Cerro Nevado). S. korethroides(Werd.) Backbg.
Sp. are sometimes also brownish, varying in length Bo. simple at first, later ± caespitose, forming
and thickness. Spherical plants have not attained groups of larger-spherical plants, later oblong, to
flowering-size; this slow-growing spec, needs to be 30 cm 0 in age, dull light green to slightly glossy
recognisably cylindric before it flowers. Other sap-green; Ri. over 20, ± tuberculate at first; Ar.
similar spec, remain spherical, but S. formosa v. with whitish to yellowish felt at first; Rsp. 12-20,
maxima can be to 2 m h. (acc. Dodds) and to 40 cm unequal, whitish to yellowish or horn-coloured,
O. The plants seen in some black-and-white dark-tipped, acicular, to 3 cm lg.; Csp.typically 4,
photos are difficult to distinguish from Heliantho- yellowish or reddish-brown, often banded, some­
cereus poco which also bears apical FI., and in times flattened, pungent; FI.to 7 cm lg., 4.5 cm 0 ,
general both the shape and the indumentum of the intense red, bellshaped-funnelform; Tu.with dense
FI. in these 2 genera are very close. Nevertheless the greyish-brown FI.—N. Argentina (Prov. Los
majority of the spec, in the genus—with the Andes). (Fig. 390.)
exception of very old plants—are cactoid and not
cereoid. This example shows that only an exact S.oreopepon(Speg.) Backbg.
delimitation, in accordance with narrowly con­ Bo. broadly spherical to elongated-spherical, to 30
ceived genera, can provide clarification (cf. in­ cm 0 , greyish olive-green; Ri.c. 18-20-30, 2.5 cm
troductory remarks to Submatucana). br., slightly notched; Ar. 0.8 cm lg., grey; Sp. few at
v. maxima Backbg.: Bo. to 40 cm 0 , to c. 2.5 m first, later to c. 12(-20), 1-5 of these more central.
h. in age, light and not greyish-green; Sp.yellow, 5-7 cm lg., radials 2-3.5 cm lg., all Sp. thin, flexible,
brown-tipped; FI.golden-yellow. Discovered by pale yellowish to reddish; FI. (8— )10 cm lg., to 3.5
Dodds.—N. Argentina (Mendoza, Cerro de cm 0 , golden-yellow, with grey H.; Tu. with
Almohadones, at c. 3000 m); tapering greenish Sc.; Fil.white, inserted through­
v. polycephala Backbg.: Bo. greyish-green, out the inside of the Tu.; An. cream.—N.
many-headed, branching from below (in v. Argentina (Mendoza, Cacheuta).
maxima also from the flanks); Sp. white; FI. Data supplemented from observations made on
golden-yellow. Found by Dodds.—N. Argentina material in the Marnier collection.
(Cerro de Almohadones, on the Páramo River).
S. smrziana (Backbg.) Backbg.: Trichocereus
S. granáis(Br. & R.) Backbg. smrzianus (Backbg.) Backbg. Very recently, Ru-
Bo. spherical to oblong, to 25 cm h.; Ri. 14-16, 2 bingh of Soestdijk saw the flower for the first time
cm h., acute, slightly convex between the Ar.; Ar. and thus established that this is a spec, of
white at first; Rsp. 10-15, yellow, tipped brown, Trichocereus.
acicular to thin-subulate; Csp.indistinctly differen­
S.uebelmanniana Lembcke & Backbg.
tiated, ± thickened below, 2 Sp. often longer, to 8
cm Ig.; FI.to 6 cm lg., bellshaped-funnelform, 4cmBo. flat-spherical to rounded at first, later col­
0 , orange-yellow; Tu.to 3.5cm 0 , with brownish umnar, to 1.5mh., to 40 cm 0 , mid-green ;Ri.c. 17
at first, later to over 38, thickened around the Ar..
H.; Fil. green; style greenish-yellow; Sti. yellow;
Fr. broadly spherical.—N. Argentina (between ± tuberculate on new growth; Rsp.to 28, 2.5-5 cm
Andalgalá and Concepción). Younger plants lg., ± interlacing; Csp. 2-5, to 15 cm lg.; all Sp.
sometimes resemble certain forms of Trichocereus light yellow to golden-brown or reddish, sometimes
smrzianus (Backbg.) Backbg. which was long ± curving and dark-tipped; FI. bellshaped-
considered to be a Soehrensia. funnelform, c. 6 cm lg., yellowish; Tu. with dense
woolly H.; Fr. spherical, 3 cm 0 , pulp white: S.
glossy, black, 0.75 mm lg.—Chile (Baños de
S. ingensBr. & R. ex Backbg. Puritama and Toconce, 3500 m). A robustly and
Bo. eventually a stout and large sphere; Sp. densely spined plant which has penetrated into
projecting, light yellow; FI. to c. 4(—
5) cm 0 , Chile from E. of the Andes. The Genus Roden-
yellow, with brown H.; Fr. 3-4 cm 0 , greenish to tiophila Ritt. may be more closely related to it.
brownish-yellow, dehiscing laterally; S. small,
glossy, black (acc. Fechser).—N. Argentina (be­ Fechser reports another interesting Soehrensia as
tween Andalgalá and Concepción, El Molle). follows: to c. 1.5 m h., 20 cm 0 , with yellow Sp..
(Fig. 389.) crown + obliquely directed towards the N.; Pi.
I have examined living plants in the Marnier glossy yellow.—N. Argentina (Catamarca). This
collection. Colour-photos of Schicketantz show a might possibly be a Helianthocereus.
462
 SOLISIA—STEPHANOCEREUS

Solisia Br. & R. (224) areoles. The floral structure of Stenocereus also
differs in that the nectary is more top-shaped, and
Small solitary plants, strongly resembling Pel­ that of Marginatocereus is oblong; Stenocereus
ar>phora pseudopectinata but with milky sap ; like also has the peculiarity that the perianth opens
:ac latter with a napiform extension of the plant- wide at night and closes towards morning, but its
base. compressed tubercles and lengthened areoles, pink sepals project for up to a further 3 days
»Tth white pectinate spines ; however the flowers of (Berger). Consequently the genus was long con­
S : :sia are not apical but are borne lower down on sidered to have diurnal flowers, perhaps because
tie body. The fruits are oblong berries which, as in the wide-open flowers could only be seen as such at
me other genera, are pushed outward when they night. The fruits are spiny and the seeds matt
reach maturity. Inclusion in Mammillaria, as in black.—Distribution: Mexico (from Puebla to the
Moran’s treatment, too easily overlooks the Isthmus of Tehuantepec). [(R).]
meresting and special position of this genus, which
B_xbaum correctly recognised in 1951. The fact S. chrysocarpusSanchez-Mej. 1972
mat he contradicted himself in 1956 when he Bo. 5-9 m h., forming a trunk 1.5-3 m h., 25 40 cm
,::epted Moran’s views, demonstrates that his 0 ; branchesnumerous, ascending, 2-5 m lg., 10-14
;:ematic method is not firmly based. cm 0 ; Ri.7; Ar.4—6 mm lg., 8-10 mm br.; Rsp. 7,
••• -ereas in Mammillaria the flowers always arise 11-15 mm lg.; Csp. 0-2, to 17 mm lg.; FI.
- : m the upper zone of the previous year’s growth, nocturnal, 8—10 cm lg., 7 cm 0 , white to delicate
n Solisia they are always “lateral” (Br. & R.), and pink; Fr.covered with very spiny Ar.‘, 6 cm lg., 4 cm
i ' one confronted with this plant would be more 0 ; S. 2.5 mm lg., 1.8 mm br., rough, black.—
tely to follow the original author, Stein, in Mexico (Michoacan, 350 m).
: : ".sidering it as a relative of Pelecyphora rather
than as a Mammillaria.—Distribution: Mexico S. stellatus(Pfeiff.) Rice. (T.)
? -ebla and Oaxaca). [(G) ; plants on their own R. Bo. erectly columnar, matt, dark green, often
seldom last long.] reddened, to 3 m h.; branchesto 8 cm 0 ; Ri.8-12,
obtuse, low, ± tuberculate; Ar. white; Rsp. 8-12,
5. pedinata(B. Stein) Br. & R. (T.) to 12 mm lg., spreading; Csp. 1-3, one more
Bo.to 8 cm lg., to 6 cm 0 , mostly set deeper in the distinctly central, to 2 cm lg., brown above and
.Tub. small, compressed above, truncate at the below; FI. to 6 cm lg., cylindric-bellshaped, white,
r . At. elongated ; Ax. naked ; Sp.to c. 40, to 2 mm pink outside; Tu.pink, set with Br. as far up as the
: pure white or faintly reddish ;FI.c. 2 cm lg., 2.5 nectary; Fr.spherical, 3 cm 0 , red, spiny, edible.—
cm 0, bellshaped-funnelform, naked; Sep. Mexico (Puebla; Oaxaca; Tehuantepec). (Fig.
; owish-green; stylewhite; Sti.yellowish-green; 392.)
Fr.an elongated, whitish berry; S. 1mm lg., boat-
•-.aped, black, with a large hilum.—Mexico S. treleasii(Br. & R.) Backbg.
Arebla, near Tehuacan; also reported from Bo. to 7 m h., sometimes simple, rarely branching
Oaxaca). (Fig. 391.) somewhat from the flanks (if the growing-tip has
been damaged ?); Ri. to 20, tuberculate, with a ±
'pegazzinia Backbg. : WeingartiaWerd. V-shaped depression; Sp. 7-9, short, yellowish,
later also 1 longer, more distinctly central Sp.; FI.
i.enocactus (K. Sch.) Berg.: Echinofossulocactus to 5 cm lg., as in the preceding spec, (H. Bravo); Fr.
Lawr. similarly, 5 cm 0 . —Mexico (Oaxaca, road be­
tween Mitla and Oaxaca).

Stenocereus (Berg.) Rice. (158)

Stephanocereus Berg. (185)
Moderately stout columnar plants, branching from
:he base, not tree-like or forming a crown as in the A monotypic genus of relatively slender erect Cerei
: osely related Marginatocereus. In the latter, which develop a tuft of bristles at the apex on
ihe flowers are borne in rows running down from reaching flowering age; new growth continues
\ie apex, or at intervals on the flanks; in through this zone and then another similar apical
V.enocereus, however, they arise only around the tuft develops, so that the earlier bristly develop­
_3ex, and whereas its buds project from a ring of ment persists as an annulus. The Genus Arrojadoa
- ".sties, and the ovary later shows more numerous shows quite similar development. In both genera
iad longer bristles, the ovary in Marginatocereus is the flowers are nocturnal, and the fruit is naked and
felty, with a few short bristles only about midway set with floral remains. Werdermann referred
a the floral tube, and then only in some of the Stephanocereus to “Pilocereus”, presumably only

463
STEPHANOCEREUS STROPHOCACTUS

because the fruit, unlike Arrajodoa, has no lid; bluish-green; Sp. 7-9, thickened below, one more
however it does not have the typical form of the central, porrect, to 5 cm lg., rather stout, others to
Pilosocereus fruits, being oblong rather than c. 3 cm lg., all brownish-yellow, soon becoming
spherical; but the principal character of Stephano- white, blackish-tipped; FI.to 15 cm lg., white; Tu.
cereus lies in a true cephalium always being present, with many membranous Sc.; Ov. densely set with
whereas in Pilosocereus the pseudocephalium is imbricate Sc.—NW. Argentina (dry regions),
not a constant character and can indeed be absent. v. procera Ritt.—“Taxon”, XIII: 3, 116. 1964:
Stephanocereus is always simple, unless perhaps in Bo.taller, to 10 m h.; brancheserect (spreading in
some cases where the plant has been damaged and the type, acc. Ritter), milky-green at first (bluish
branching has then occurred; the flower is some­ in the type); Pet. pale pink, long-tapering
what curving; Stephanocereus is further distin­ (rounded or short-tapering in the type); nectary
guished from Arrojadoa by its greater height, the 1—1.5 cm lg. (0.5-1 cm lg. in the type); Fr. ±
umbilicate fruit and the larger, divergent flower. spherical (oblong in the type); S. pale brown
The only photo of a flowering plant is one I took in (brown in the type).—Bolivia (mountainous
the Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro, showing terrain in Dept. Tarija, borders of the Provinces
the flowers already closed by the morning (“Die Gran Chaco and O’Connor, Palos Blancos; an
Cact.”, IV: Fig. 2431, p. 2549, 1960). According to isolated distribution). (FR 872-873.)
Werdermann, plants of the genus occur only as Offered in Winter’s catalogue, at first as an
scattered individuals. The pear-shaped seeds are independent spec., and also as S. boliviana.
matt black.—-Distribution: Brazil (Bahia). [(R)
(G); in Marnier’s garden I have seen a fairly large
plant raised from seed.] Strombocactus Br. & R. (204)
S. leucostele(Giirke) Berg. (T.) Simple, flattened-spherical plants, their stout
Bo. mostly solitary, erect, to 3 m h.; Ri. 12-18; Ar. taproots growing down into clefts between steep
with H. to 1.5 cm lg., these being only sparse on rocks of argillaceous slate. The flowers resemble
seedlings; Rsp. to c. 20, 0.5-1.5 cm lg., white, thin- Obregonia except that they and the upper part of
acicular, becoming greyish-brown; Csp. several, the fruits have dry-bordered scales; the dry fruits
white to golden-yellow, rigid, sharp, 1-2, later dehisce at maturity by one or two longitudinal
often to 4 cm lg.; Ceph. of white wool and tears. The minute dust-fine seeds are brown. The
numerous golden-yellow Br. to 7 cm lg.; FI.to 7 cm petals are rather variable in both length and width.
lg., white, somewhat curving, yellowish below, The unique feature of these plants lies in the rather
greenish towards the limb; Sti. cream; Fr. spherical bent, 4-angled tubercles which are strongly trun­
to oblong, umbilicate, with floral remains; S. cate above and arranged in recognisable ribs. Only
almost 2 mm lg.—Brazil (Bahia, S. Catinga). (Fig. one species known with all these characters.—
393.) Distribution: Central Mexico (Hidalgo). [(R
grafted plants sometimes form offsets.]
Stetsonia Br. & R. (63) S.disciformis(DC.) Br. & R. (T.)
Bo. simple, set disc-like in the ground, sometimes
Large tree-like Cerei with a stout trunk, of which I flattened-spherical, bluish to greyish-green or grey
have seen very large colonies in the vicinity of to 8 cm 0 , rarely to over 15 cm 0 ;Ri.in Isp. 8:13.
Santiago del Estero. The nocturnal flowers are divided into swollen, bent and distorted-looking
glabrous and slightly curving, with a fairly slender Tub.;Ar.soon glabrous;Sp.at most 4-5 in an Ar .
tube, while the ovary is densely set with + bristle-like, soon dropping, mostly only presen:
membranous and imbricate scales. The perianth close to the crown; FI.2.5-3.5 cm lg., to 4 cm 0 .
opens widely but the anthers are erectly clustered white to yellowish-white; Sti. similarly coloured
around the style.—Distribution: Argentina (in the Fr. 7 mm lg., dirty brown, thin-walled; S. 0.3 mm
dry NW., on hills and bush-grown parts of the lg., reddish-brown.—Mexico (Hidalgo, near L\-
Pampas); Bolivia (acc. Ritter). [(R); head-cuttings miquilpan, Mineral del Monte etc.). (Fig. 394.)
sometimes flower in collections.]
S. boliviana Ritt.: only a name. Strophocactus Br. & R. (42)
S. coryne (SD.) Br. & R. (T.) An interesting genus of epiphytic plants. As ir
Bo. forming trees to 8 m h., trunk to c. 40 cm 0 ; Deamia, the stems clamber up tree-trunks, bu:
branches sometimes to over 100, to 60 cm lg., + here, since they are 2-angled, they lie flat a r:
erect; Ri. 8-9, 1—1.5 cm h., obtuse, at first vivid membranous against their support; the middle-r:
464
 STR OPHOCACTUS-SUBM ATUCANA

distinct and areoles are present only along the S. aurantiaca(Vpl.) Backbg. (T.)
■ rgins. The spines are rather short and fine. The Bo. simple or caespitose, to 15 cm 0 and h.; Ri.c.
J ver. with its long tube, is somewhat reminiscent 16, divided into oblong Tub.; Ar.elliptic; Sp.c. 25,
Setiechinopsis; the petals are narrow, the tube reddish-brown, unequal, sometimes to 30 in
has some hair-development and probably also number, Csp. scarcely distinguishable as such, 3-4
- - sties; the ovary too is bristly, while the fruit has upper Sp. erect, straight, curving, to 2.5 cm lg.,
*“itly spines.-—Distribution: Brazil (forests of the centrals 3-7, longer, 2.5-4.5 cm lg.; FI.to c. 9 cm
: . er Amazon). [Cultivate as an epiphyte.] lg., 5-7 cm 0, quite strongly zygomorphic, hairy,
dark red, orange-yellow towards the centre and the
' wittii (K. Sch.) Br. & R. (T.) throat; style with H.-development below
3k). consisting of thin flat shoots to 10 cm br., brownish-pink; Sti.yellowish-green; Fr.c. 2 cm 0 ,
: mging and climbing, 3^4 times as long as broad, purple to dark brown; S. brownish-black to
:unded above and below; Ar. crowded, with black.—N. Peru (Cajamarca, between Chota and
woolly H.; Sp. numerous, to 1.2 cm lg., with Br. Hualgayoc; Huancabamba, near Sondor).
Also present; FI. to 25 cm lg., probably reddish
: utside, white (to reddish?) inside; Fr.long-ovoid; S. aureiflora(Ritt.) Backbg.
S. ear-shaped, black.—Brazil (around Manaos). Described by Ritter (KuaS 1965) as Matucana
Acc. H. W. Fittkau, widely distributed in forests aureiflora and thus referrable to his new SG.
abject to flooding, e.g. those of the Rio Negro and Incaica, with the character: “Actinomorphic FI.,
ether more distant areas of the Amazon basin. remaining open day and night”. Backbg. considers
Fig. 395.) The shoots also branch from the flanks. that this does not justify subgeneric status and
therefore transferred the name here.
Submatucana Backbg. (81)*
S.calvescens(Kimn. & Hutch.) Backbg.
Spherical plants, either simple or caespitose. The Bo. glossy, dark green, to 15 cm h. and 0 ; Ri.
ribs are broader than in Matucana, with fairly large 16-17, divided into 6-angled Tub.; Ar. grey,
tubercles, while the spination is stouter, except in oblong; Sp. c. 25-35, scarcely differentiated, stiff,
ene species. With its ± curving or zygomorphic light brownish-yellow, outer ones 0.5-2 cm lg., 4-8
and hairy flowers, Submatucana represents the more central, 1.5-^f cm lg.; FI.to 8 cm lg., 3-5 cm
stage of reduction prior to Matucana, with the 0, ± zygomorphic, orange-purple; Tu.with white
decisive diagnostic character, according to Britton H. to 2.5 mm lg.; Fr. spherical; S. black,
& Rose, that the '‘tube and ovary are glabrous”. wrinkled.—N. Peru (Santiago de Chuco, 15 km N.
Ritter is not logical in his inclusion of the of Angasmarca, close to the mine below Arenillas,
Submatucana species in Matucana, since he erected c. 3700 m).
the genus Pilocopiapoa Ritt. on the basis of its only Ritter’s catalogue-name: Matucana megalantha,
species being distinguished from Copiapoa by the refers to this plant.
hairiness of the flowers. The fruits of Submatucana
become dry, and dehisce by longitudinal tears; the S. currundayensis(Ritt.) Backbg.
seeds are + black. This genus finally provided a Bo. ± spherical; Ri.over 12, divided by transverse
rightful home for “Arequipa aurantiaca (Vpl.) furrows into rounded Tub.; Ar. fairly large, oval,
Werd.” and "Arequipa myriacantha (Vpl.) Br. & very felty; Sp.c. 16-18, subulate; Rsp.yellowish, to
R.” ; the earlier inclusion of these plants in c. 2 cm lg., Csp. stout, yellowish-brown, yellow
Arequipa was due to the lack of a better alternative, below at first, to c. 3.5 cm lg.; FI. pale (salmon)
since at that time no-one knew of any sizeable pink, Tu. fairly long, shortly hairy.—Peru (Cerro
complex of species with a spherical habit and Currunday, near Samne). This spec, has not been
having hairy and zygomorphic flowers. Kimnach, validly described, but it will need to be re-classified
in his mass-referrals to Borzicactus (erroneously, in since Ritter lists it as Matucana; this is unusual in
my view) also sank Matucana and Submatucana in botanical practice but it nevertheless remains
that genus—i.e. for the very first time globular cacti essential. Ritter publishes his descriptions in
were included in a genus of which the type-species several periodicals and his new spec, thus readily
was columnar. Nature herself confounded him for escape the notice of any one individual. To avoid
Hutchison discovered a species of Submatucana this, it is necessary to gather them all together here;
which is mostly fairly broadly spherical, and only in some new combinations of still unpublished names
age occasionally becomes + elongated.— of good spec, are thus inevitable.
Distribution: NE. Peru. [(R) (G).]
S. formosa(Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. I ll:
* Submatucana and Matucana are now included in 14. 1963 (Matucana formosa Ritt., “Taxon”, XII:
Borzicactus by most authors. Translator. 3,125. 1963).
465
SUBM ATUCANA-SUBPILOCEREUS

Bo. hemispherical, to 15 cm 0 ; Ri.20-30, divided to 2.5 cm lg.; FI. borne quite freely, to 6 cm lg-
into Tub. 7-10 mm h. ; Ar. 3-6 mm 0 , brown; Sp. pink; Tu.slender, 3 cm lg., with stout H. to 2 cmlg.
acicular, dark brown; Rsp. 6-11 ; Csp. 1-4, 2-5 cm (“hair-like Br.”).—Peru (Chachapoyas, above
lg. ; FI.regular ; Ov. lacking Br. ; Tu. with white or Balsas). As far as is known at present, this is the
grey H. ; Pet.crimson, blood-red above ; Fr. 1.5 cm only spec, of the G. with finer Sp., but it has the
lg., tapering towards the base ; S.black, 1 mm lg.— characters differentiating Submatucana from Mat­
Peru (Balsas, Dept. Cajamarca) (FR 658). ucana: Ri. very tuberculate, less so in the crown:
v. minor (Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: moreover the Sp.-count resembles that of the first
14. 1963 (Matucana formosa v. minor Ritt., l.c., two spec.
125. 1963): Bo. smaller, 7-12 cm 0 ; Ri. 13-21 ;
Rsp. 9 at most; Csp. 1-2.—Peru (El Chagnal, S.paucicostata(Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov
Dept. La Libertad) (FR 1072). III: 14. 1963 (Matucana paucicostata Ritt..
"Taxon”, XII: 3,124. 1963).
S. intertexta (Ritt.) Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Bo.to 14 cm h., to 7 cm 0 ; Ri.7-11, rather obtuse.
Ill: 14. 1963 (Matucanaintertexta Ritt., “Taxon”, 7-15 mm h., notched, with conical Tub.; Ar. 10—1:
XII: 3,125.1963). mm apart, grey; Sp. chestnut-brown, greying,
Bo.to 36 cm h„ 7-18 cm 0 ; Ri. 15-25, notched, to curving; Rsp. 4—8, 0.5-3 cm lg.; Csp. 0-1; FI.6 cm
1.5 cm h.; Ar. to 8 mm lg.; Rsp. 8-12, + rough, lg., zygomorphic; Ov. with white flock and long
bevelled, 8-20 mm lg., brown; Csp. 2-3.5 cm lg., white H.; Tu.3.5 cm lg., with H. as on the Ov.; Pet.
brown, tipped black; FI. 7.5-10.5 cm lg., zygomor- dark crimson, bordered violet; Fil. white below,
phic; Tu. to 5.5 cm lg., with flocky white H. ; Pet. purple above; stylecrimson; Sti.4-5; Fr. broadh
golden-yellow, blood-red above ; Fil.pale carmine spherical, sparsely hairy, green; S. 1.2 mm lg..
or brown above; stylepale yellow; S. 1.4 mm lg. rhomboid, rough, brown, with a large gre;
Peru (Puente Crisnejas, N. of Cajamarca) (FR 693). hilum.—Peru (Prov. Huari, Dept. Ancash) (FR
597).
S. madisoniorum (Hutch.) Backbg. n. comb.
(Borzicactus madisoniorum Hutch., C. & S. J. S.ritteri(Buin.) Backbg.
[US], XXXV: 6, 167-172.1963). Bo. flattened-spherical to broadly so, to 14 cm 0
Bo. broadly spherical at first, later ± elongated, caespitose; Ri. 12-22, divided by transverse
simple, greyish-green, epidermis rough; Ri. 7-12, depressions and constrictions into flat, rathe:
quite flat at first, later with the Ar. on tuberculate broad Tub.; Ar.oblong, light; Rsp. 7—10(—14), 1-1
prominences; Sp. 0-1-5, to 6 cm lg., + strongly cm lg.; Csp. 1-2-5, 2-4 cm lg.; all Sp. slightly
curving, readily detached, brown, later whitish ; FI. curving, dark brown at first, upper ones remaining
scarcely zygomorphic, slender-funnelform, 8-10 longer thus, others becoming lighter; FI.to 9 cm lg
cm lg., 4-5.5 cm 0 , mid-red, with brownish H. ; Sti. to 5 cm 0 , crimson-carmine, zygomorphic; Tu.
yellowish; Fr. spherical, 2 cm 0 , shortly hairy, with whitish H.; Fil. violet; style violet; Sti.
longitudinally dehiscent; S. brown, glossy, finely yellowish to reddish-green; Fr. 1.5 cm 0 , tuber­
tuberculate.—Peru (Dept. Amazonas, Prov. culate; S. black.—Peru (La Libertad, near
Bagua, canyon of the Rio Maraflon between Km Otuzco).
243 (Rentema) and Km 247 (Campomiento Santa
Rosa), E. of Olmos on the Mesones Muro
Highway, on cliff's above the road, at 400 m ; found Subpilocereus Backbg. (174)
by P. Hutchison). (Fig. 396.)
An interesting spec, which, like many of the Tree-like Cerei from the coasts and islands of
globular cacti, becomes + elongated with age; the northern S. America where they are often found in
hairy FI. clearly puts it within Submatucana, a company with Ritterocereus griseus and R. de-
characteristic group of spec, which is quite distinctficiens. While Subpilocereus repandus was de­
from Borzicactus. scribed in 1753 and has been known for over 200
years, it rather surprisingly took my comprehensive
S. myriacantha (Vpl.) Backbg. n.comb. (Echino- treatment of this group of Cerei in 1938 to draw
cactus myriacanthus Vpl., Bot. Jahrb. Engler, 50: attention to the fact that here were 7 known species
Beibl. 111:25. 1913). with identical characters of flower and fruit.
Bo.compressed-spherical, to c. 8 cm h., to c. 10cm Britton and Rose regarded them in part as species
0 ; Ri. 26, strongly tuberculate, with the Tub. of Cephalocereus—in itself an argument against
separated by transverse notches : Ar.close together, the usefulness of such a genus in the wider sense—
small, shortly felty; Sp. numerous, stiffly bristly, while Croizat held them to be species of “Pil-
yellowish to reddish-brown at first, later blackish- ocereus” because younger areoles show slight hair-
grey or grey; Rsp.to 25, 6-18 mmlg. ; Csp.to c. 10, development and the flowers are glabrous; how-
466
 SUBPILOCEREUS

er the flowers are divergent in form, likewise the thickly subulate Csp. and horizontally furrowed
:mits which, in all the Pilosocerei, are uniformly Ri.
broadly spherical; the seeds of the latter are glossy
ind not as large as the matt seeds of the above S. ottonisBackbg.
genus. It is easier to understand inclusion of these Bo. a tall shrub or + tree-like, sometimes inclined ;
plants in Cereus Mill,, as done by Johnston and branches bluish-frosted; Ri. (4—)5(—6), with fur­
Hummelinck, and in one instance by Britton and rowed flanks; Ar. grey-felty, with pendant flocky
Rose, since in most cases the authors were not woolly H. ; Rsp. c. 10, stoutly subulate, to 6 cm lg. ;
¿miliar with all the flowers. The following are the Csp. 1-3, to 10 cm lg., at first with blackish or dark
uniform generic characters of Subpilocereus : tree- flecks ; Sp. ± erect at first ; FI.to 9 cm lg., white ; Fr.
:ke habit ; flowers glabrous, with an oblong ovary, oblong, violet-pink, perfumed ; S.matt, black.—N.
vith the tube swollen around the nectary, and then Colombia (Goajira Peninsula and westwards) ;
expanding above to bellshaped-funnelform ; the Venezuela (in the NW.). Erroneously held by
eblong fruits are thick-walled and the large seeds Britton and Rose to be “Cephalocereus rus­
_re matt black ; the flocky hairs at first developed in selianus”, and described again by Croizat, as
.he areoles hang down to some certain extent and Pilocereus wagenaari Croiz.
-hen soon drop.—Distribution: N. Colombia,
Curaçao Islands, N. Venezuela, islands of Mar­ S. remolinensis(Backbg.) Backbg.
garita and Grenada. [(R).] Bo. tree-like, strongly branching, with a longer
trunk; branches glossy, dark green, at first with
S. atroviridis(Backbg.) Backbg. curving lines on the flanks above the Ar. ; Ri. 6-7,
Bo. strongly branching, eventually very tall, with a acute, fairly narrow; Ar. weakly felty, at first with
trunk; branches to 20 cm 0, dark green; Ri. c. 8, pendant white H. ; Rsp. 7-13, to 1.5 cm lg. ; Csp. 1,
notched, rounded ; Ar. weakly felty, with white H. ; later to 3 cm lg. ; all Sp. thinly subulate, blackish-
Rsp. c. 8, 0.8-1 cm lg. ; Csp.3, one of these to over 2 brown at first; FI.to 7 cm lg., creamy-white, tipped
cm lg. ; all Sp.white, dark-tipped ; FI.?;Fr.oblong, lilac-pink; Fr. oblong-spherical, yellowish-green;
reddish-green, white inside.—N. Colombia (Puerto S. matt, black, large.—Colombia (in the N., Rio
Colombia). Magdalena, near Remolino).
S. grenadensis(Br. & R.) Backbg. S. répandus(L.) Backbg.
Bo. to 7 m h., trunkto 25 cm 0 ;branchesgreyish- Bo. tree-like, to 12m h., strongly branching, trunk
green, to 7 cm 0; Ri. 7-9, 1 cm h., transversely to 40cm 0 ;branchesascending, to c. 10cm 0 ;Ri.
turrowed; Sp. c. 17, to 2 cm lg., scarcely differen­ 8-12, notched, greyish or bluish-green; Ar. with
tiated, subulate, brownish or grey, frosted, shortest grey or brown felt and pendant H. ; Sp. 8-20,
ones only 3 mm lg.; FI. c. 7 cm lg., purple; Sep. scarcely differentiated, all stout, sometimes an­
purple above; Fr. ellipsoid, to 4 cm lg., green gular, flattened or twisted, eventually white, dark-
immature?).—Island of Grenada. Britton and tipped ; Csp. 1-7,2-6.5 cm lg. ; Rsp. 7-13; FI.6-11
Rose drew attention to the closer affinity with cm lg., white, greenish-white or whitish-pink ; Fr.to
Subpilocereus répandus. 5.5 cm lg., reddish-violet, pulp white or delicate
pink; S.2mm lg., matt, black.—Curaçao Islands.
S.horrispinus(Backbg.) Backbg. This spec, was earlier often known in collections as
Bo. tree-like, to 5 m h., the relatively few branches “Pilocereus albispinus”.
with unfurrowed flanks, bluish-green at first, later v. weberi (Backbg.) Backbg.: Sp. shorter; Fr.
olive-green, patterned with vein-like channels, at yellowish-green, sometimes tinged faintly pink,
least in part, the flesh blackening when cut, or the seed-cavity much longer than in the type
yielding a sap which becomes blackish; Ri. 4-5, where it is surrounded moreover by a thicker
rounded ; Ar. set somewhat off the vertical, 4 mm white layer. (Fig. 397.)
apart, strongly felty, oblong, with pendant H.,
slowly becoming glabrous; Rsp. 6-7, to 2.5 cm lg., S. russelianus(O.) Backbg. (T.)
whitish-grey at first, dark horn-coloured below, Bo.tree-like, to 7m h., with a longer trunkto 2 m lg.
later horny-grey, fairly stout; Csp. 1 to 10 cm lg., and 50 cm 0 ;branchessquarrose, dark green ; Ri.
stoutly subulate, flecked at first, whitish-grey, dark 4-5(-6), strongly transversely notched, especially
below ; FI.known only at the bud-stage, yellowish- at first ; Ar.with brown felt and pendant H. ; Rsp.c.
green, probably pink inside ; Fr. oblong-spherical, 7, chestnut-brown, strongly tapering to a point;
pink, tinged blue; S. matt, black, large.—N. Csp. 3, 2 of these projecting, one directed down­
Colombia (Puerto Colombia, in the bush). wards, clavate-subulate, flecked at first ; FI.to 9 cm
For some time regarded as “Cereus russelianus” or lg., cream-coloured; Sep. pink; Fr. salmon-
“Cephalocereus russelianus” ; but the latter has coloured, 6 cm lg., pulp white; S. matt, black,
467
SUBPILOCEREUS—SULCOREBUTIA

large.—Venezuela (Puerto Cabello, above La resemblance to caespitose Rebutias. Against this, I

Guayra and as far as the Goajira Peninsula). have seen individuals of Sulcorebutia tiraquensis v.
Synonymous with Cereus margaritensis Johns, electracantha, for instance, which even at c. 7 cm 0
v. micranthus (Humlck.) Backbg.: Sp. rarely have shown no tendency to offset; in general this
exceeding 1 cm lg., clearly swollen below, species becomes relatively large but still does not
flattened on the underside; Rsp. recurved, Csp. readily offset, while in Rebutia species of larger
noticeably rather shorter.—Venezuela (near diameter this is not so. However the 2 genera are
Carupano, La Pecha, etc.). undoubtedly closely related, as indicated by the
fact that both flower from relatively low on the
S. wagenaari (Croiz.) Backbg.: Subpilocereus plant. A point which seems to me significant is that
ottonis Backbg. all currently known species of Sulcorebutia orig­
inate in East Bolivia. It would appear that a distinct
group of Rebutia-related plants has evolved here,
Sulcorebutia Backbg. (104)* and with their uniform and unique characters as
well as other features, they require a special
An interesting genus from Eastern Bolivia, at first systematic position. Classification of the S. tir­
held to be Rebutia on account of the similarity of aquensis complex is a problem, or at least it calls in
the flowers. However the development at times of some cases for an answer to the question of whether
cushions from a stouter taproot, together with the a given plant is a distinct species, a variety or merely
stout spination often observable in the type- a form. For a better understanding of the position I
species, were just as unusual in Rebutia as the have reproduced the divergences I have noted in
uniformly almost linear areoles. These characters this interesting species or complex, but I cannot go
formed the basis of my segregation of the above at present beyond describing one variety. This
genus. Then “Rebutia tiraquensis Card.” was species is particularly noticeable for its attractive
discovered; with its body up to 12 cm broad and its and variable spination, added to which there is a
fairly stout spination it diverged so strongly from considerable variety of flower-colour, from light to
Rebutia that it became crystal-clear these were no deep intense red. This genus will be particularly
Rebutias. Subsequently still further species were attractive to the private collector. A number of the
found which are better classified here than with species have red flowers, and one has yellow
Rebutia or Lobivia (“Lobivia hoffmanniana blooms; orange colourings also occur, together
Backbg.” also proved to be a Sulcorebutia). All with transitions between the two colours. The
species have a narrow oblong areole, and either this flowers are mostly not as slender-funnelform as
is surmounted by a minute depression, or the Rebutia and they are distinctly, or in part, fairly
tubercles taper obliquely upwards and are elon­ broadly scaly.—Distribution: NE. Bolivia (Dept.
gated or not uniformly circular. The flowers Cochabamba, so far as now known). [(R); grafted
resemble those of Rebutia; the fruits can be oblong plants grow faster and flower more freely.]
or spherical, smooth or with small scales. The seeds
are small, matt or glossy, black or dark brown. The S. alba Rausch
ribs are quite frequently divided into ± rhomboid Bo. simple, to 2 cm h., 3.5 cm 0 , green, often
tubercles or these are offset. “Rebutia menesesii suffused violet; Ri. to 23, spiralled. Tub. 3-4 mm
Card.” is clearly referable here because although lg.; Ar. 3 mm lg., white-felty; Rsp. 20-24, 3^J mm
its areoles are shorter the tubercles are not round lg., appressed, interlacing; Csp. mostly missing, if
as in Rebutia; instead they are exactly twice as present then to 6 in a R. across, 2-3 mm lg.; all Sp.
broad as long, but still somewhat offset. Further, white, reddish to black below, with ciliate H.; FI. 3C
since this species is undoubtedly very close to mm lg. and 0 , magenta-pink; Tu. magenta-pink,
“Rebutia candiae Card.”, it also must be included with brownish-green Sc., bordered whitish to pink
here. The bodies are sometimes elongated, in part Sep. violet-red, tipped greenish; Pet. dark red with
or in age, as in “Rebutia kruegeri (Card.)” which a blue sheen, orange to yellow inside: throat pink,
should certainly be classified here; when grafted, white below; Fil. yellow; style green, with 4 yellow
this plant can become quite large and it then offsets Sti.—Bolivia (road Sucre-Los Alamos, 2900 m).
from the flanks to form clumps with only a distant Species resembling Aylostera heliosa but differen­
tiated by the dark red FI. and the different habitat
* “Die Gattung Sulcorebutia” by Dr. Karlheinz Brink-
mann (German language, published by the Deutsche
(Fig. 529.)'
Kakteen-Gesellschaft 1976) contains an extremely useful
but uncritical reproduction of all known references in the S. arenacea (Card.) Ritt., comb. nov. in “Cactus"
literature to this genus; it also includes field numbers of 17: 76, 34. 1962: Rebutia arenacea Card. Ihavelef
the principal collectors, and some notes on cultivation. this species in Rebutia since it has neither a stout
[Translator’s note.] taproot, stout spines nor linear areoles, nor has it a
468
 SULCOREBUTIA

~ iurrow-like prolongation of these; it thus shows S. caracarensis (Card.) Don.: see Rebutia caracar-
n: ne of the Sulcorebutia characters. ensis Card.
' breviflora Backbg. nom. nov. (Rebutia
-rachyantha Card., Kakt. u.a. Sukk., 16: 4, 74-75. S. críspala Rausch 1970
.965., non (Wessn.) Buin. & Don., 1963). Bo. simple to caespitose, 25 mm h., to 35 mm 0 ,
3o. simple, flattened-spherical, to c. 1.5 cm h., 3.5 epidermis greenish-grey; R. napiform; Ri. to 13,
0 , brownish-green, crown sunken; R. napi- spiralled, Tub. 5 mm lg.; Ar. 4 mm lg.; Rsp. to 24,
: :m, to 3 cm Ig.; Ri. c. 11 spiralled, divided into to 8 mm lg., interlacing over the Bo. and web-like,
r : and Tub. 4 mm h., 6 min 0 ; Ar. + linear, 5 mm strongly curving, fine, hyaline to pinkish-brown,
g- 5 mm apart, white-felty; Sp. c. 12, bristly, thickened and yellowish below; Csp. 0; FI. c. 30
retínate, to 6 mm lg., upper ones shorter, mm lg. and 0 , light to dark magenta.—Bolivia
r.erlacing, all white and thickened below; F!. c. 2.5 (Tomina, c. 10 km from Padilla, at 2400 m).
.m lg. and 0 , yellow; Sep. and Pet. lanceolate; Close to S. verticillacantha but differentiated by the
Sep. tipped brownish; Pet. strongly recurved at fine-bristly and crisped spination.
¿nthesis; Tu. to 7 mm lg.; Ov. 4 mm 0 , with brown
Sc : Fil. orange-yellow; An. light yellow; style 1.2 S. flavissima Rausch 1970
-m lg., whitish, overtopping the An.; Sti. 4, light Bo. simple, to 25 mm h., to 60 mm 0 , fresh green;
-¡low; Fr. and S. unknown.—Bolivia (Dept. Ri. to 18, Tub. lOmmlg., 7 mm h.; Ar. to 8 mm lg.,
.7rehabamba, banks of the Rio Caine, 2000 m). with white or yellow felt; Rsp. to 24, to 20 mm lg.,
radiating, curving somewhat to the Bo.; Csp.
' caineana: Rebutia caineana Card. scarcely differentiated, 2-5, to 20 mm lg., project­
ing, interlacing over the crown, flexible but sharp,
S. candiae (Card.) Backbg. n.comb. (Rebutia brilliant yellow; FI. c, 35 mm lg. and 40-50 mm 0 ;
:andiae Card., in C. & S. J. [US], XXXIII: 4, 112. Ov. and Tu. pink with darker Sc.; Pet. spatulate or
1961). lanceolate, often apiculate, light to dark magenta
Bo. broadly spherical, offsetting, single heads to 3 with a light M.-stripe; throat, Fil., style and Sti.
cm h., to 5 cm 0 , dark green; Ri. 15-20, divided white.—Bolivia (between Aiquile and Mizque at
into offset rhomboid Tub.; Ar. narrow, long, 2500 m).
_reamy-white; Sp. all radial, pectinate, appressed, Belongs to the S. steinbachii group and resembles
-- mm lg., thin, yellowish, some also lighter, S. tiraquensis v. electracantha from which it is
upper ones often longest, many of them bent or distinguished by the brilliant yellow Sp. and the
cowncurving; FI. to 3 cm lg., described as magenta FI. (Fig. 530.)
' amewhat zygomorphic, but this is probably excep­
tional since a photo in my possession shows FI.
•hich are more slender than those in Cardenas’s S. frankiana Rausch 1970
..lustration; Sc. on Tu. and Ov. olive-green; Pet. Bo. simple to caespitose, 35 mm h., to 40 mm 0 ,
show; Fr. spherical, 5 mm 0 ; S. to 1.4 mm lg., fresh green; R. napiform; Ri. to 14, spiralled, Tub.
lark brown.—Bolivia (Ayopaya, near Tiquirpaya, 8 mm lg. and br.; Ar. 3-4 mm lg,, 1-2 mm br.,
2800 m). (Fig. 398.) white-felty; Rsp. 9-15, to 10 mm lg., curving to the
Bo., brown to brownish-red; Csp. 0; FI. c. 40 mm
S. canigueralii (Card.) Backbg. n.comb. (Rebutia lg. and 0 ; Ov. and Tu. magenta-pink with olive-
canigueralii Card., C. & S. J. [US], XXXVI: 1, green Sc.; Pet. lanceolate to spatulate, often
26-27, 1964). serrate, light to dark magenta, rarely purple, and
Bo. caespitose; R. quite long, napiform: St. yellow inside; throat red to magenta; Ft!, whitish,
spherical, 1 cm lg., 2 cm 0 , greyish; Ri. in c. 13 pink below; style and 4 Sti. greenish-yellow.—
spiralled rows of small Tub. 3 0 mm br.; Ar. Bolivia (Sucre, road to Los Alamos, 2700 m).
elliptic, narrow, 3 mm lg., white; Sp. pectinate, Named for Gerhart Frank of Vienna. FI. some­
11-14, bristly, appressed, 1.5-2 mm lg., whitish, times also lilac, without a yellow throat. (Fig
brown below; Csp. rarely 1-2 present, erect; FI. to 4 532.)
cm lg. and 0 ; Ov. with green Sc.; Tu. reddish-
>ellow, with green Sc.; Sep. brownish-yellow; Pet. S. glomeriseta: see Rebutía glomeriseta Card.
2 cm lg., yellow below, orange above; Fil. golden-
yellow; style greenish; Sti. 8, light yellow.—Bolivia S. glomerispina (Card.) Backbg. n.comb. (Rebutia
Prov. Oropeza, Dept. Chuquisaca, Sucre 2800 m). glomerispina Card., C. & S. J. [US], XXXVI: 2,40.
The spec, shows the narrow areoles and longer 1964).
taproots typical of Sulcorebutia but unknown in Bo. flat, caespitose; R. napiform; St. 5 mm h. and
Rebutia. br. (presumably “cm” was intended?); Ri. consist-
469
SULCOREBUTIA

ing of 20 rows of Tub. 3 mm h. and 4 mm br., 25-30 mm lg., 25 mm 0 : Ov. and Tu. greenish-
bluish-green; Ar. 3 mm apart, elliptic, 3 mm lg., yellow, with reddish-tipped Sc.; Pet. yellow, lighter
grey; Sp. 10-14, spreading sideways, concealing inside, throat white; Fil. yellow; style and 5 Sti.
the Bo., 5-20 mm lg., acicular, thickened below, whitish.—Bolivia (N. of Comarapa, Cerro Tu-
white or orange-brown, or thus at midway; FI. 2.8 kiphalla, at 1900-2300 m). Named for Wolfgang
cm lg., 2 cm 0 ; Ov. white, with emerald-green Sc.; Krahn who brought the first specimens of the
Tu. with greenish-yellow Sc. below; Sep. deep species to Europe. These were distributed in the
purple inside, lighter outside; Pet. purple; Fil. trade as Sulcorebutia weingartioides, said to be a
purple; style white, the 6 Sti. similarly.—Bolivia synonym of S. weingartiana. (Fig. 531.)
(Prov. Chapare, Dept. Cochabamba, Huakani,
3200 m). S, kruegeri (Card.) Ritt.—“Cactus”, 17: 76, 36.
For the comments of Cardenas regarding Rebutía 1962 (Aylostera kruegeri Card., “Cactus”, 12: 57,
and Sulcorebutia which he repeats here, see under 260. 1957).
S. tunariensis. By itself, similarity of the FI. is Bo. later oblong but flattened-spherical at first, old
unimportant, otherwise what should be done with specimens more cylindric, offsetting from the
“Echinopsis kratochviliana” (i.e. a Pseudolobivia) flanks to form clumps, lighter to darker green; R.
and Lobivia: should all of them be combined or conical, napiform; Ar. with cream felt, very'
united with Echinopsis? elongated: Tub. narrowly oblong, offset; Rsp.
pectinate, appressed, to c. 20, thin, to 3 mm lg..
S. haseltonii (Card.) Don. whitish, sometimes slightly brownish, + thickened
Bo. flattened, caespitose, 1.5-2 cm h., 5-6 cm 0 , below; Csp., if present, 1-2 in the upper part of the
greenish-purple ; R. napiform; Ri. c. 20, concealed Ar., short, fine, brownish, erect; FI. more
by the Sp., Tub. 4 mm h., 5-6 mm 0 ; Ar. 5 mm bellshaped-funnelform, to c. 2.5 cm lg., golden-
apart, elliptic, 4 mm lg., grey-felty; Sp. 10-12, yellow to orange, or reddish-orange towards the
pectinate, appressed, 6-15 mm lg., interlacing, light Pet.-margin; Tu. with lax broad Sc.; Fr. purplish-
grey or whitish, acicular, still', thickened below; FI. reddish, 3 mm 0 , with small Sc.; S. 1 mm lg..
basal, funnelform, c. 3 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , slightly glossy, black.—Bolivia (Prov. El Cercado, 2568 m).
curving; Ov. spherical, 4 mm 0 , light purple, with Varies as to presence or absence of Csp.
Sc. and white wool-flock; Tu. short, purple inside,
with acute purple Sc.; Sep. lanceolate, 15 mm lg., S. lepida Ritt., without Latin diagnosis in “Cactus"
light yellow, purple above; Pet. spatulate, 15 mm 17: 76, 36. 1962 (with Fig.); final description in
lg., light yellow; An. 3 mm lg., Fil. and An. yellow; Nat. C. &S. J. (England), 17: 13 (March), 1962.
style 1 cm lg., thin, light yellow, with 12-13 yellow Bo. very dark green, little offsetting, crown sunken.
Sti.—Bolivia (Tarata, Cochabamba, near the Rio Ri. c. 16, completely divided into Tub. c. 3 mm h
Caine, in crevices in red sandstone at 2800 m). and br., several-sided below; Ar. narrowly oblong,
Close to S. glomerispina, and named for Scott E. surmounted by a narrow furrow, to 3 mm lg. and
Haselton. the same distance apart; Sp. c. 14-20, 3-7 mm lg..
± pectinate, radiating sideways and downwards.
S. hoffmanniana (Backbg.) Backbg. n.comb.: for + appressed, black, blackish-red, brown or
description, see under Lob. hoftfnanniana Backbg., golden-yellow; FI. crimson to carmine.—Bolivia
by which name it has hitherto been known; once (locality not known) (FR 369). (Fig. 399.)
specimens had been propagated it became clear I saw this spec, in the Marnier collection with deep
that while this plant resembled S. kruegeri in habit, carmine or purple FI. The plant appears more likely
plants at the type-locality have stout erect Csp. In to be a smaller and shorter-spined variety of R
view of the linear Ar., it is undoubtedly a tiraquensis, but the latter is not known to have such
Sulcorebutia and is therefore listed here as such variability of FI.-colour as is found, for example, in
(basionym: Lob. hoffmanniana Backbg., Die Cact. v. electracantha of the latter spec. See also under S
Ill: 1434. 1959). mentosa.

S. inflexiseta: see Rebutía inflexiseta Card. S. markusii Rausch 1970

Bo. simple, 30 mm h., to 60 mm 0 , dark green to
S. krahnii Rausch 1970 brownish-violet, with a taproot; Ri. 10-17, spiral­
Bo. simple, 30 mm h., to 80 mm 0 ; Ri. to 32, led, Tub. 5-8 mm lg.; Ar. 3-4 mm lg., 1 mm br..
spiralled, Tub. 6-8 mm lg.; Ar. 4 mm lg. and 3 mm white-felty; Rsp. 12, to 3 mm lg., claw-like,
br., with yellowish-brownish or white felt; Rsp. 24, appressed, brown, white-tipped and black below.
10 mm lg., interlacing over the Bo., bristly-fine, Csp. rarely 1 to 8 mm lg., ± subulate, black; FI. c
white to brown; Csp. scarcely differentiated, 3-7, to 35 mm lg. and 0 ; Ov. and Tu. pink, with brownish-
12 mm lg., bristly, ± sharp, brown to black; FI. green Sc.; Pet. lanceolate to spatulate, dark
470
 SULCOREBUTIA

-agenta or purple; throat and Fil. whitish; style Bo. spherical, 6 cm 0 , green; Ri. divided into Tub.
iiid 6 Sti. greenish-yellow.—Bolivia (Mizque, near 6 mm h., 8 mm br.; Ar, 7 mm apart, elliptic, 5 mm
• ila Vila, at 3000 m). Found by W. Rausch and lg., woolly; Sp. stiff, yellow, little curving; Rsp.
named for E. Markus of Vienna. 12-16, the shortest ones 4 mm lg., longest ones 3
cm; Csp. mostly 1; Fi. numerous, basal, 35 mm lg.;
S. menesesii (Card.) Backbg. n. comb. (Rebutia Ov. spherical, 5 mm 0 , light red, with reddish-
menesesii Card., C. & S. J. [US], XXXIII: 4, 113. brown Sc. 1 mm br.; Tu. short, light red or
1961). brownish; Sep. lanceolate, 15 mm lg., 4 mm br.,
Bo. broadly spherical, offsetting, to 2 cm h., single yellow; Pet. 11 mm lg., 3 mm br., golden-yellow;
heads to 6 cm br., dark greyish-green; Ri. 14-18, style 14 mm lg., white, with 7 white Sti.—Bolivia
iivided into Tub. to 3 mm lg. and 6 mm br. and + (Dept. Cochabamba, Prov. Ayopaya near Chicote
affset; Ar. moderately elongated; Sp. 10-12, Grande, at 3400 m). Named for its discoverer,
pectinate, 3-35 mm lg., white or pink, sometimes Gerardo Musch. [= Lau 974: a form of S.
:ght brownish at first, roughly hairy, longer ones menesesii, acc. Donald: Ashingtonia II, 7: 138.
n particular ± strongly curving to bent; FI. to 4 1976. Translator.]
cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 , pale to golden-yellow; Tu. pale
yellow, Sc, green, red-tipped; Sep. red-tipped; Fr. S. oenantha Rausch
^herical, 6 mm 0 , dark red, with broad Sc.; S. 1 Bo. simple, flattened-spherical, to 6 cm h., 10 cm 0 ,
mm lg., dark.—Bolivia (Ayopaya, near Naranjito, light greyish-green, metallic, often also suffused
1600 m). This spec, is very close to S. candiae. (Fig. violet; Ri. to 20, spiralled, Tub. 15 mm lg. and to 10
400.) mm h.; Ar. to 12 mm lg., wedge-shaped, to 4 mm
br. above, tapering below, white-felty; Rsp. at first
S. mentosa Ritt.—“Succulenta” 43: 7, 102. 1964. to 16, with 4 Csp., later altogether to 28, c. 12 mm
Bo. flat or hemispherical, fresh green, to 6 cm 0 , lg., spreading, ± curving, sharp, light yellow,
crown depressed; R. long-napiform; Ri. c. 20; Tub. thickened and brownish below; Fi. 35 mm lg. and
1 cm lg., 5 mm h., chin-shaped; Ar. 5-7 mm lg., 2 br., orange-brown with green Sc.; Pet. dark wine-
mm br., white, 6-8 mm apart; Sp. thin, ± curving, red, with a pink keel; Sep. wine-red, tipped
alack or dark red; Rsp. 14-18, pectinate, c. 5 mm brownish-green; Fil. deep pink; style yellow with 6
.g.: Csp. 2-4, 5-8 mm lg.; FI. lateral, 3 cm lg., 3.5 yellow Sti.—Bolivia (in the S. of Totore, Chijmore,
;m 0 , purple; Tu. 1.5 mm lg.; Fil. white or reddish, at 2900 m). Shape very reminiscent of Weingartia
2-merous; style to 2 mm lg., white; Sti. 5-7, pale and recognisable by the relatively prominent Tub.
•ellow; Fr. spherical, 7-10mm 0 , brown; S. matt, S. pampagrandensis Rausch
black.—Bolivia (Prov. Campero, Aiquile) (FR [Description not available to Haage, but the
945). following is taken from the original description in
Ov. and Fr. show traces of hairy indumentum, such KuaS 25: 97, 5. 1974. Translator.]
as has also been observed sometimes in Rebutia; Bo. simple, broadly spherical, 40 mm h., to 70 mm
the fact is thus irrelevant as a diagnostic character; 0 , light greyish-green, washed violet; R. nap-
traces of felt are only in some instances a proof of iform; Ri. 18-26, spiralled, Tub. 7-9 mm lg., 5 mm
the evolutionary process; differentiation on this br., flat; Ar. furrow-like, 5-8 mm lg., 2 mm br.
casis is thus justified only where the indumentum is above, tapering below and narrow, white-felty;
tppreciably stronger, and constant in all species. Rsp. 17-21, arranged in 8-10 pairs and one
S. lepida appears to be closely related to this spec, downwardly directed, 6-10 mm lg., interlacing
see also under that name). around the Bo., light brown (sometimes white or
yellow); Csp. 1(— 4), to 15 mm lg., subulate, orange-
S. mizquensis Rausch 1970 brown, dark-tipped (also whitish or yellow); FI. 35
Bo. simple to caespitose, c. 25 mm h., 30 mm 0 , mm lg., 45 mm 0 ; Ov. spherical; Tu. short, pink,
with a taproot; Ri. to 17, spiralled, Tub. 4-5 mm lg. with brown or greenish Sc.; outer Pet. lanceolate
and coloured reddish-violet in the lower half; Ar. 4 (sometimes spatulate), rounded, apiculate, pink
mm lg., 1 mm br., white-felty; Rsp. to 20, to 4 mm with a green M.-stripe, inner ones spatulate-
lg- pressed closely against the Bo., tipped white, rounded, dark magenta or purple; throat 15 mm
pmk at midway, black and thickened below; Csp. lg., opening to 10 mm 0 , pink; Fil. inserted
1: FI. c. 30 mm lg., 25 mm 0 , light to dark magenta, throughout the Tu., white (or pink); style 20 mm
often also with a white throat.—Bolivia (near lg., thick, greenish-white; Sti. 6, white; Fr. broadly
Mizque, at 2600 m). Spination reminiscent of S. spherical, 6 mm 0 , yellowish-pink, with broad
kruegeri, but the FI. are violet-pink and very green naked Sc.; pulp whitish-pink; S. ± oblong,
attractive. 1.5 mm lg., 1 mm 0 , black, covered with residual
membranes, hilum broad, basal.—Bolivia (Dept.
S. muschii Vasquez Cochabamba, S. of Totora, at 2700 m).
471
SULCQREBUTIA

This group closely resembles S. hoff'manniana blackish-green to violet, with a taproot, crown
Backbg. or S. glomerispina (Card.) Backbg. in sunken; Ri. to 16, spiralled, Tub. c. 5 mm lg., flat;
habit, but the FI. is considerably larger, mostly Ar. oblong, to 2 mm lg., with a little white felt; Rsp.
dark magenta, more rarely lighter. Spination is to 11, 1-1.5 mm lg., subulate, bent downwards,
very variable so that no two plants are really claw-like and appressed, thickened below, black;
identical; Sp. mostly ± subulate, varying in colour Csp. absent; pericarpel spherical, pale green,
from white through yellow, brown, brownish-red naked, set with pointed little Sc.; Per. light
to dark brown. Donald suggests that Ritter’s S. yellowish-green, passing over above into pink; Sep.
weingartioides (FR 944) may be a synonym; he pinkish-brown, narrow; Pet. magenta-pink, broad­
gives the locality as Vila Vila, 2600 m. ly spatulate; throat white; Fil. red; An. pale
yellow; style and Sti. whitish; Fr. spherical, c, 4 mm
S. polymorpha (Card.) Backbg. n.comb. (Rebutia 0 ; S. c. 1.5 mm lg., testa finely tuberculate,
polymorpha Card,, Kakt. u.a. Sukk., 16 : 6, greyish-brown.—Bolivia (Chuquisaca, near
115-116. 1965). Zudanez, 2700 m). Resembles S. zavaletae, but not
Bo. subspherical to broadly spherical, caespitose, identical with this. (Fig. 534.) Named for the plant-
low-growing, single heads to 1 cm lg., 5 cm br., hunter, W. Rausch of Vienna.
greyish to dark green; Ri. 10—15, made up of small
hatchet-shaped Tub. to 5 mm h.; Ar. to 8 mm
apart, to 5 mm lg., elliptic; Sp. bristle-like, S. steinbachii (Werd.) Backbg. (T.)
pectinate, appressed, 3-5 mm lg., grey or dark Bo. green, forming + broad, cushion-like groups
brown, thin, sharp, to 2 cm lg., upcurving; FI. to 3 from a taproot; Ri. indistinct, to c. 13, made up of
cm lg. and 0 , magenta, or reddish outside and elongated, + rhomboid, offset Tub.; Ar. very'
orange-yellow inside: Ov. varying in colour, acc. elongated, white-felty; Sp. sometimes absent at
FI.-colour; Tu. broadly scaly; Fil., style and Sti. first on cultivated plants, and then for a long while
whitish; Fr. 5 mm 0 , spherical.—Bolivia (Prov. only Csp. present, but normally-spined specimens
Arani, Dept. Cochabamba, nearTiraque, 3200 m). have c. 6-8 Rsp. to 2.5 cm lg., thin to much stouter,
An extremely variable spec., acc. Cardenas; he blackish, + rough; Csp. 1-3, darker, becoming
presumes it to be “descended in part from S. whitish, scabrous, sometimes darker-tipped, to
steinbachii, totorensis and tiraquensis which grow stoutly subulate, thickened below, unequal, longest
in the same area” ; little of this is revealed by the ones to c. 2 cm lg.; FI. c. 3.5 cm lg., scarlet.—Bolivia
description. Perhaps a complex of spontaneous (Cochabamba, precise locality not known). (Fig.
hybrids? There are similarly strong variations in S. 401.)
tiraquensis, to judge from Rausch’s colour- v. gracilior Backbg. n.v.:
photographs, or Ritter’s material which is men­ Bo. rather lighter green than in the following
tioned thereunder. S. tarabucensis Card, has varieties; St. more slender than in the type and
similar FI. other varieties; Sp. light, fine, rather short; Csp.
mostly absent, or 1 to c. 1 cm lg.; FI. ?—E.
S. pulchera (Card.) Don. Bolivia (Uhlig No. 2205; found by Krahn);
(Syn.: Rebutia pulchera Card. 1970) v. rosiflora Backbg.—“Cactus” 19, 80-81, 5.
Bo. spherical, flattened, 2-3 cm h., 4-4.5 cm 0 , 1964: Bo. dark bluish-green; Sp. blackish-
light green, crown sunken; Ar. 5 mm apart, linear, 5 brown, not lighter below, laterals in 3-4 pairs,
mm lg., with a little grey felt; Sp. pectinate, more projecting, not clearly pectinate; Csp. 1-3:
appressed sideways, thin, bristly, 3-5 mm lg., light FI. 3 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , purplish-pink; Tu. 1.5 cm
grey, black and thickened below, those in the crown lg., pale greenish-pink; Fil. pink, fewer; style 2
shorter and projecting; FI. numerous, basal, cm lg. (Fig. 401, left.) Distinguished by the dark
funnelform, 5 cm lg., 2.5 cm br.; Ov. spherical, 4-6 colour of Bo. and Sp. as well as the fairly large
mm 0 , light green; Sc. 2 mm lg., fleshy; Tu. pink FI.;
curving, 12-14 mm lg., pink, with Sc. 2-3 mm lg.; v. violacifiora Backbg.—“Cactus” 19, 80-81. 6
Sep. lanceolate, 25 x 5 mm, light magenta, white 1964: Bo. intense green; Sp. blackish-brown,
below; Pet. lanceolate, pointed, 23x5 mm, col­ light below, laterals distinctly pectinate, Csp.
oured as the Sep., all strongly wavy; Fil. inserted at 1-2; FI. only 2.3 cm lg., 2.8 cm br., brillian:
the base of the Tu., 4-5 mm lg., dark magenta; An. purple; Tu. only 5 mm lg., reddish; Fil. white
yellow; style 2.5 cm lg., white, with 4 light green numerous, crowded; style 1.6 cm lg. (Fig. 401
Sti.—Bolivia (Prov. Zudaflez, Chuquisaca, be­ right.) Distinguishable primarily by the shor
tween Rio Grande and Presto, at 2400 m). purple FI. and the divergent Fil.-colour; more­
over both varieties are much darker in the Bo
S. rauschii Frank than the type, which is mid-green and has scarle:
Bo. simple to caespitose, 15 mm h., 30 mm 0 , FI.
472
 —

SULCOREBUTIA

The spelling “violacifera” in “Cactus” was a Tu. and Ov. scaly, and apparently sometimes also
printer’s error. the Fr. ; Fr. 4 mm 0 , violet-pink.—Bolivia
(Carrasco, on the road Cochabamba to Santa
jS. sucrensis (FR 775, 946): possibly identical with Cruz). (Fig. 404, 405, above left.) The Sp. are not
I S. caracarensis or S. taratensis. appressed but + projecting, and not uniform. The
type later has dark brown Sp. with the base
S. tarabucensis Rausch—Kakt. u.a. Sukk., 15:5,92. sometimes yellowish. Spination extremely vari­
1964. able ; the dark brown colour sometimes passes over
Bo. simple, rarely caespitose, with a napiform R., into brilliant violet to reddish-brown, or even to +
the head projecting only slightly above the ground, blackish-brown; the colour of the FI. can vary in
to c. 1.5 cm h., 2 cm 0 , matt green; Ri. 10-11, the same way from light red to intense red, as I have
spiralled, Tub. 6 mm lg„ 4 mm br., 2 mm h.; Ar. observed on the floriferous specimens in the
.inear, 3 mm lg., 6 mm apart, extended into a Botanical Garden, “Les Cèdres”. Furthermore
furrow above; Sp. 6— 8(—11), 3-6 mm lg., pec- there are plants with much lighter Sp. and others
tinately curving towards the Bo., thickened below, which may perhaps better be considered inde­
black to brown; Csp. 0; FI. 3 cm lg. and 0 , dark pendent spec. For a clearer survey I will list these
red, yellow towards the throat; Pet. rounded, below.
apiculate; Tu. and Ov. pinkish-red with olive-green In “Cactus” (Paris), 17: 70. 36. 1962, Ritter
Sc-■ style 2 cm lg., it and the 7 Sti. yellowish; Fr. erroneously repeated the name-transfer.
?.—Bolivia (mountains around Tarabuco, 3500 m; The following is distinguishable as a good variety :
Rausch No. 66). v. electracantha Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill :
14. 1963: Bo. broadly spherical; Sp. amber-
S. taratensis (Card.) Backbg. n.comb. (Rebutia coloured ; Rsp. to over 25, acicular, stiff'; Csp. to
taratensis Card., C. & S. J. [US], XXXVI: 1 26. over 7, erect, very firm, subulate-acicular, to c.
1964). 1.3 cm lg., sometimes reddish below, some Csp.
Bo. caespitose; R. napiform, pink; St. c. 2-5 cm h., even to 1.6 cm lg., all Sp. densely clothing the
to 3.5 cm 0 , dark green to purple, crown sunken; Bo., later dirty dark brown ; FI. orange-red. (Fig.
Ri. c. 16, spiralled, consisting of small Tub. 4-5 mm 404 and 405, right above.)
ig.; Ar. c. 6 mm apart, narrowly elliptic, 5 mm lg.; The following may be referable here, either as
Rsp. 13-16, 3-4 mm lg., pectinate, bristly, hyaline, forms or varieties ; I saw these plants, especially in
with a dark brown thickened base; Csp. 0(1); FI. 4 Buining’s collection in Holland; they had been
cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 ; Ov. with brown pointed Sc.; Tu. collected by Ritter but not yet clarified :
purplish-brown, with brown Sc.; Sep. darker Sulcorebutia sp.?, var. ?: Bo. green, distinctly
purple inside, lighter purple outside; Pet. 2.2 cm translucent; Sp, pale yellowish, projecting lat­
lg., magenta; Fil. white, style similarly; Sti. 5, erally, not very dense (referable to S. tira­
whitish-yellow; Fr. 3 mm lg., brownish-red; S. quensis?);
glossy, black.—Bolivia (Prov. Tarata, Dept. Sulcorebutia sp. ?, var. ?: Bo. more olive-green;
Cochabamba, on the road Tarata to Rio Caine, Sp. appressed, yellowish, + curving, without any
2000 m). (Fig. 402, 403.) erect longer ones (to S. candiae?);
A spec, found by Rausch near Sucre tallies in every Sulcorebutia sp. ?, var. ?: Bo. blackish-olive; Sp.
respect with the above description. (S. sucrensis rather projecting, strongly interlacing laterally,
Ritt., perhaps only a name?) (Fig. 402.) very pale horn-colour, slightly brownish at first, no
Sp. longer than the others ;
S. tiraquensis (Card.) Backbg. Sulcorebutia sp. ?, var. ?: Bo. intense dark to mid­
Bo. simple to offsetting, broadly spherical, single green; Sp. projecting, thin-acicular, pale yellowish
heads to 5 cm h., to 12 cm 0 ; Ri. 13-26, straight or to creamy-whitish, individuals rather longer (to S.
spiralled, made up ofirregularly shaped Tub., these tiraquensis ?);
mostly rounded below and + prominent; Ar. Sulcorebutia sp. ?, var. ?: Bo. later cylindric in
narrowly oblong, whitish, continued above into a grafted plants, bluish-green; Sp. thin at first,
small depression which, on account of the elon­ mostly in 4 laterally appressed pairs, later stouter
gated base of the Tub. above, often appears like a towards the apex and more projecting in­
furrow; Sp. sometimes only 12-13 radials on young termediately, brownish, individuals longer, +
plants, with 1-2 more central Sp. in the upper part noticeably obliquely projecting.
of the Ar., later scarcely differentiated, to over 30,
0.5-3 cm lg., yellowish-brownish at first, becoming
dark brown, Csp. sometimes stouter; FI. 3.5 cm lg., S. totorensis (Card.) Ritt.—“Cactus”, 17: 76. 36.
3 cm 0 , purple; Fil. purple below, whitish above; 1962 (Rebutia totorensis Card., “Cactus”, 12. 57,
style whitish below, purple above; Sti. yellowish; 259-260. 1957).
473
SULCOREBUTIA-TACINGA

Bo. depressed-spherical, caespitose, single heads to S. verticillacantha Ritt.—“Cactus”, 17: 76, 37.
2 cm h., to 6 cm 0 , dark green; Ri. 19-21, divided 1962, without Latin diagnosis.
into ± rhomboid Tub.; Ar. circular, elongating Bo. caespitose, deep green, to 3 cm 0 , oblong; R.
later to very narrow-elliptic, grey-felty; Sp. pec­ napiform, 5 cm lg., to 3 cm thick above; Ri. 13-21,
tinate, radiating, 0.3-2 cm lg., the longer ones consisting of Tub. 5 mm lg., 3-5 mm br., 2-A mm h.,
clearly projecting, acicular-thin but sharp, dark connected by a narrow furrow; Ar. narrow-oblong,
brown, some sometimes arranged more as Csp. (in to 4 mm lg., 0.5 mm br., 3-5 mm apart, offset; Sp.
the upper part of the Ar.); FI. 3.5 cm lg., dark fully developed in the apex and concealing this,
purple, still darker above; style and Sti. pale 12-14, 2^1 mm lg., fine, pectinate, appressed,
yellow; Fr. and S. ?—Bolivia (Carrasco, Lag- concolorous brown at first, black below, becoming
unillas, or the road Totora to Huerta Molino, 2800 grey; FI. from fairly low on the Bo., light violet-
m). purple to crimson, then orange towards the
throat.—Bolivia (no locality mentioned) (FR
S. tunariensis (Card.) Backbg. n.comb. (Rebutia 752a). (Fig. 533.)
tunariensis Card., C. & S. J. [US], XXXVI: 2, v. verticosior Ritt.—l.c.: Sp. denser above,
1964). concolorous brown. (FR 752).
Bo. low-growing, caespitose; R. to 15 cm lg. (!); St.
dark green, 5 mm h., to 1.8 cm 0 ; Ri. divided into S. weingartiana is a name without description.
c. 10 R. of hatchet-shaped Tub. 4 mm lg., 3 mm h.; These plants were discovered by Krahn and belong
Ar. to 4 mm apart, grey, narrowly elliptic, to 4 mm within the complex of S. tiraquensis; to a great
lg.; Sp. pectinate, 10-12, in pairs, bristly, ap- extent their characters tally with those of the
pressed, all 3-5 mm lg., hyaline, brown below; FI. description of the type-species; they can be simple
funnelform, 3 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , curving; Ov. and grow relatively large or they may have a few
whitish with white Sc.; Tu. narrow, pale purple offsets; Sp. ± ruby-red to brown; Ar. slender,
above, with whitish Sc.; Sep. purplish-orange; Pet. shortly linear.—Bolivia.
deep red, golden-yellow below; Fil. golden-yellow;
style white below, green above; Sti. 5, yellow.—
Bolivia (Prov. Cercado, Dept. Cochabamba, S. xanthoantha Backbg. n.sp.
Mount Tunari, 3200 m). Bo. dark green, soon offsetting quite freely; Rsp.
Here Cardenas mentions his “Aylostera kruegeri”, 8-12, c. 5 mm lg., yellow, golden-yellow to light
and says that the Genus Aylostera and Sulcore- brownish, lemon-yellow to whitish, ± curving:
butia should be included in Rebutia; however, he Csp. 0; Ar. 1.5-3 mm lg., 0.5-2 mm br., with short
overlooks entirely, or fails to mention, that whitish to yellowish felt, extended furrow-like
Aylostera has bristly Sp. on the FI., the style is above; FI. 2.5-3 cm 0 , yellow to golden-yellow:
united, and the Tu. is stem-like. He also appears to Tu. c. 2 cm lg., with green Sc., these more yellowish
ignore the fact that Rebutia does not show the below; Sep. and Pet. spatulate, acute above, the
napiform root-development of Sulcorebutia, and former with a green shimmer at the tips; style and
that the latter genus typically has long and narrow Fil. light yellow; Sti. whitish-yellow; Fr. ?—Bolivia
areoles. The absence of any comprehensive system (FR 774 ?). (Fig. 406.)
of classification provokes just what Cardenas
sought to obviate by his statements: a long-
continuing confusion. His naming of “Aylostera Tacinga Br. & R. (19)
kruegeri” suggests that he was not sufficiently
familiar with the spec, of Aylostera. Tall, inclined, moderately branching shrubs with
terete shoots, of the Subfamily Opuntioideae.
S. vasqueziana Rausch 1970 which diverge conspicuously in all their characters
Bo. simple, c. 15 mm h., to 20 mm 0 , epidermis from any other member of the Cactaceae: the
blackish-green to violet-black; R. napiform; Ri. to shape of the shoots, the glochids which in older
13, spiralled, Tub. 4 mm lg.; Ar. 3 mm lg., with plants drop at a touch, the lack of spines and the
white to yellow felt; Rsp. 12-16, to 15 mm lg., unique flowers with their stem-like tube and ovary
spreading, curving, very tangled, weak, golden- sections, as well as the recurved petals with
yellow, reddish and thickened below; Csp. 0; FI. c. considerable hair-development between them and
25 mm lg and 0 , magenta or red, and yellow the erect anthers which are for a considerable
inside.—Bolivia (Sucre, road to Los Alamos, at distance pressed close to the style. Furthermore,
2950 m). Named for the Bolivian plant-hunter, the flowers open in the evening or during the night,
Roberto Vasquez. Close to S. verticillacantha, but and the areoles on younger shoots develop tufts of
distinguished by the smaller size and different soft hairs. The flowers are not terminal, as stated by
spination. Britton and Rose, but arise from close to the apex:
474
 TACINGA-TEPHROCACTUS

probably the American authors by coincidence saw of the Subfamily, from little above sea-level right
in apically situated flower. These characters are all up to 4000 m, occasionally in company with similar
: unusual that the plants deserve the rank of an or dwarf specimens of the Platyopuntiae, from
dependent tribe. The nocturnal flowers alone are which they are distinguished by the latter’s ±
ruite unusual among Opuntia and its related distinctly flattened shoots. As a result of the vast
-ír.era; some Tacinga flowers are still open for a distribution, the large number of species and the
une during the morning. The hitherto unexplained characteristic habit, they had to be put into their
r.gin of these plants is one of the most interesting own genus, as was done by Lemaire. As so often
rr oblems of evolution within the Cactaceae, and it happens, here too there is a group of transitional
-unnot be explained by any of the customary forms—or so it would appear—in which the bodies
solutions. Perhaps the genus is a survivor, the are more oblong, showing a closer relationship
nermediate species or genera having meantime with Austrocylindropuntia; but these are either
:een lost.—Distribution: Brazil (only in the only elongated-spherical forms (T. crassicylin-
northern Catinga). [(G); grown on Opuntia, the dricus) or species forming mounds of segments
r Sants develop rapidly and flower readily in which, seen from the outside, appear spherical;
:ultivation.] such mounds are only possible however because of
the elongation of the inner shoots; this growth-
T. atropurpúrea Werd. form is more clearly recognisable in some related
Bo. over 2 m h. ; branches 1.4 cm 0 , greyish-green; and less caespitose plants, while the segments of the
At. with brown wool and grey Glo.; FI. 7 cm lg., typical mound-forming species appear quite
:ark purple; Ov. 5 cm lg., 1 cm 0 ; Fil. white; style spherical on the periphery of the colony, and in part
rale green; Sti. green.—Brazil (Bahia, between Boa remain so for a longer time. However, a distinction
Nova and Conquista). must be drawn between these species and those of
v. zehntnerioides Backbg.: FI. violet-green, with a Austrocylindropuntia which also shows some
distinct green tint, 7 cm lg.; FI. only 3 cm lg. have spherical forms, because at lower altitudes or in
been observed, these having longer Fil. than the cultivation its shoots become strongly elongated
varietal type. The Pet. are few, and laxer than in and reveal the genus to which they properly
the type of the species. L. are cylindric and vary belong; on the other hand Tephrocactus species of
in length, as in the type. (Fig. 407.) the Series “Globulares” never change their growth-
form in normal cultivation, even in reduced light.
Here too there remain interesting problems of
T. funalis Br. & R. (T.) morphology and phylogeny, and it seems prefer­
Bo. to 12 m lg., with a small woody trunk; branches able to examine these larger questions, rather than
-ometimes reddish; Glo. short; FI. to 8 cm lg.; Sep. those of new combinations of individual and often
c. 10; Pet. c. 7, greenish, 4 cm lg.; style cream; Sti. smaller genera; and in this context the precise
green; Fr. to 5 cm lg.; S. 3-4 mm 0 . —Brazil (N. classification of the Genus Tephrocactus, seen
Bahia, Joazeiro). Very floriferous. from the geobotanical point of view, should
provide useful information.
T. zehntneri Backbg. & Voll; Tacinga atropurpúrea The species are divided as follows on the basis of
Werd. their typical habit:
Series 1: Elongati Backbg.;
Series 2: Globulares Backbg.
Tephrocactus Lem. emend. Backbg. (11)* The relevant Series is indicated by the figure in
brackets after each specific name. No further
Members of this genus are by far the most subdivision appears necessary since the different
numerous of the Subfamily Opuntioideae in S. species can be understood without difficulty.
.America, ranging from Central Peru on both sides Lemaire included in Tephrocactus some species
of the Andes, to the Argentinian foothills and far which in fact belong to dwarf Series of the
southwards. At higher altitudes and above all in Platyopuntiae (e.g. “Airampoae”). The genus was
drier zones they are often the only representatives thus restricted to species which could not be
associated with the former; Series 1: “Elongati”
includes several species which are particularly
* Now generally regarded as only a SG. of Opuntia,
attractive on account of their generous wool-
* hich includes a number of Backeberg’s genera. See “The development, while Series 2: “Globulares” shows
Subgenus Tephrocactus: a historical survey with notes on interesting forms and body-colours; in the case of
cultivation”, by Gilbert Leighton-Boyce and James Iliff. T. articulatus, the wealth of forms is unusually
Published 1973 by The Succulent Plant Trust, Morden, impressive, particularly since some of these show
Surrey, England. [Translator.] unique ribbon-like spines. This species long
475
TEPHROCACTUS

remained misunderstood, and the earliest correct 50 cm h., forming groups of similar width; Seg.
name has not yet regained universal acceptance. to 9 cm lg., to 5.5 cm 0 , tuberculate; Ar. white at
Many species growing either at great altitudes or first, soon becoming spineless below; Glo.
far to the south of the continent are exposed to yellowish, to 4 mm lg.; Sp. 12-15, 1^4 cm lg..
severe cold. The flowers in general have the typical only occasionally minutely rough in places,
Opuntia form; the style is often thickened below; finely pitted, whitish either below or throughout,
the seeds are + circular; in one case the fruits have stouter Sp. violet-grey to bluish-grey, either
glochids inside, which is an unusual phenomenon. entirely or in part, outer ones more acicular,
The spines show great variety; sometimes they are inner ones scarcely differentiated, subulate; FI. c.
hair-like or bristly while others are acicular or + 6 cm lg., pinkish-white.—Argentina (Cat-
stoutly subulate, alternatively they may be com­ amarca, Mazan).
pletely absent or only short, sometimes they are subv. macracanthus (Speg.) Backbg.: in­
flexible. The ovary or pericarp is quite often fairly dividual Sp. much longer;
thick-fleshed, with a relatively small seed-cavity. subv. brachyacanthus (Speg.) Backbg.: all Sp.
Some species, particularly those of dry zones in the shorter than the longest ones of the type;
high mountains, have a stout root-development v. subsphaericus (Backbg.) Backbg.: Bo. with
which is doubtless a factor contributing to the oblong Seg.; Sp. never rough, 6-15, 3-4 scarcely
plants’ survival in unfavourable climatic differentiated Csp., often black to greyish-black,
conditions.—Distribution: Central to S. Peru, some thin to bristly, individuals longer, all later
Chile, Bolivia, more western areas of N. to S. whitish-grey; FI. ?—Origin: as for the type.
Argentina, and down to the Magellan Straits. [(R);
grafting recommended for smaller or rare spec, T. andicolus Lem.: Tephrocactus glomeratus v.
and Austrocylindropuntia subulata readily accepts andicolus (Pfeiff.) Backbg.
Tephrocactus, although other species are rarely
successful.] T. aoracanthus Lem.: Tephrocactus articulatus v.
ovatus (Pfeiff.) Backbg.
T. albiscoparius Backbg. (2)
Bo. green, forming rather broad and dense groups; T. articulatus (Pfeiff. ex O.) Backbg. (2, one variety:
Seg. ± tapering above, weakly tuberculate; Ar. 1) (T.: v. diadematus)
with white felt; Sp. 4-8, to c. 5 cm lg., mostly 1 Bo. laxly branching, greyish-green; Seg. readily
which is shorter, c. 8-9 mm lg., very thin, the others detached, oblong to spherical; Ar. with little felt:
stout, scarcely flexible, all milky-white and project­ Gio. brown, short; Sp. 0; FI. white, fading ± to
ing + brush-like beyond the Bo.; FI. ?—Bolivia. pink; Fr. 1.5 cm lg.; S. with a coating which is first
Discovered by Frau Wilke. glassy, then hard and corky.—W. Argentina
(Mendoza). Glo. probably present in most Fr.
T. alboareoiatus Ritt.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 14. v. calvus (Lem.) Backbg.: Seg. spherical or more
1963 (2) broadly so, to 3.5 cm h. and 0 , yellowish to
Bo. greyish-blue to green; Seg. c. 5 cm lg., c. 3 cm greyish-green; Tub. more prominent; Glo.
0 , ovoid, tapering above; Ar. set on weakly longer, tufted;
tuberculate swellings, circular to oblong, to 6 mm v. diadematus (Lem.) Backbg.: Bo. forming a low
lg., with prominent thick white felt; Sp. c. 4, stoutly bush; Seg. more slender, to 5 cm lg., green to
acicular, irregularly directed, upwards, forwards or greyish-green; Sp. raffia-like, white or bordered
downwards, porrect or curving, to 2.5 cm lg., brown, 1-4; FI. pale yellow, to 3.5 cm 0 ; Fr. 2
entirely hyaline or with brownish flecks, or light cm lg.;
brownish above midway, mostly also with 2 much v. inermis (Speg.) (Backbg.) (1): Bo. forming
thinner white Sp. which are appressed and directed denser groups; Seg. green, cylindric, tapering
downwards; FI. ?—Origin ? (Fig. 408, 409.) above, to lOcmlg., to 2.5 cm 0 ; Ar. white; Glo.
light to blackish-brown.—W. Argentina (central
T. alexanderi (Br. & R.) Backbg. (2) Provinces);
Bo. branching, greyish-green; Seg. spherical, to 3 v. oligacanthus (Speg.) Backbg.: Bo. low, bushy:
cm 0 , tuberculate; Ar. small, circular; Sp. 4-12, to Seg. bluish, greyish or dark green, to 5 cm lg.. to
4 cm lg., rougher than in the variety, often 3.5 cm 0 ; Sp. only 1-2, or 0, narrower and
downcurving at first, white, later only so below, shorter than in v. diadematus, sometimes very
and then dark above or black-tipped, flexible; FI. ?; short, light to dark; FI. 3 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , white
Fr. red, dry, with longer flexible white Sp. above; S. tinged pink; style white;
6 mm lg., white.—Argentina (La Rioja, between v. ovatus (Pfeiff.) Backbg.: Bo. a lax shrub to 50
Chilenecito and Famatina). cm br., + faded green; Seg. large-spherical, tc -
v. bruchii (Speg.) Backbg.: Bo. as in the type, to cm 0 , spineless below; Sp. 1-7, brown to

476
 TEPHROCACTUS

blackish, to 13 cm lg., stoutly subulate, some­ 0 , those within the cushion elongated, Tub.
times slightly compressed and rather scabrous ; rounded; Ar. white; Glo. light brown, sometimes
FI.white ; Fr.red, rarely spiny ; with 1 small Br.; Sp- 3 or more, to 3 cm lg., stiff,
v. papyracanthus(Phil.) Backbg. : Bo.resembling sharp, sometimes + compressed, olive-yellow or
that of v. syringacanthus, colour more greyish- darker; FI. yellow, to 3.5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 . —Central
brown ; Sp. broad, ribbon-like, concolorous Peru (Yauli, 4000 m). There are also forms with a
white.—W. Argentina (Mendoza, Catamarca); few small IT, the products of spontaneous hy­
v. polyacanthus (Speg.) Backbg. : Bo. low- bridisation with T. floccosus.
shrubby, ash-grey; Seg. spherical, ovoid or v. longicylindricus Rauh & Backbg.: Bo. forming
oblong, to 7 cm lg., to 2.5 cm br. ; Sp. 5-6, rather cushions 1m h.; Seg. to 30 cm lg., 5-6 cm 0 ; Ar.
stiff, brownish, erect, + keeled, fairly lg., to 10 with a few H . ; Sp. 3-5, stout, sometimes to 3 cm
cm lg., often appearing frosted; FI. white.—W. lg., pale amber; FI. yellow; Fr. to 3 cm 0 , with a
Argentina (La Rioja; Cordoba); few H.—Central Peru (Oroya, Mantaro ter­
v. syringacanthus (Pfeiff.) Backbg.: Bo. erectly races) ;
bushy, green; Seg. spherical, to c. 5 cm 0 ; Ar. v. parviflorus Rauh & Backbg.: Bo. forming flat
large; Glo. tufted, brown; Sp. 1-2, wide, raffia­ compact cushions; branches many, short; Sp.
like, to over 5 cm lg., to over 3 mm br., very short; FI. 2.5 cm lg., 2 cm 0 , yellow outside,
occasionally to 10 cm lg., greyish-white suffused bordered reddish.—Locality as for the preceding
reddish-brown, occasionally with a few Ssp. ; FI. variety;
white fading to pink; Sti. white; Fr. green.— v. paucispinus Rauh & Backbg.: Seg. to 5 cm lg.,
Distribution not precisely known. Differentiated 2.5 cm 0 ; Sp. only 1-2 ( 3— 4), to 2.5 cm lg.; FI. 3
from v. papyracanthus by the Sp.-colour. cm lg., to 2.5 cm 0 , with thin yellow Br.-Sp.
above; style slender.—Locality as for the first
T. asplundiiBackbg. (2) variety.
Bo.forming cushions, yellowish-green ; Seg.ovoid,
to 5 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 ; Glo. to 4 m lg., inner ones T. bicolor Rauh: see Tephrocactus fuhicomus v.
light yellow, outer ones darker ; Sp.2-4, to 4 cm lg., bicolor Rauh & Backbg.; possibly a good spec.
tabulate, one of these often thinner, shorter; FI.c.
2.5 cm lg., 2.3 cm 0 , faded reddish-yellow; Ov. T. blancii Backbg. (1)
brownish.—Bolivia (near Ulloma). Bo. forming dense small cushions to c. 20 cm br.,
from a stout underground basal section; Seg.
T.atacamensis(Phil.) Backbg. (2) spherical, to 3 cm 0 , with thick swollen Tub.; Ar.
Bo.densely branching, forming groups to 30 cm h., light; Sp. 1-6, irregularly spreading, to 2.5 cm lg.,
60 cm br. ; Seg.pale green, ovoid, c. 2.5 cm lg., 2 cm dark, sometimes light-tipped; FI. ?—Peru (Cordil­
0 , slightly tuberculate above ; L.light green ; lower lera Negra, c. 4000 m).
Ar.woolly; Sp. 2-4, appressed, 2 cm lg., 1 of these
erect, to 2.5 cm lg., yellow to reddish; FI. yellow; T. bolivianos (SD.) Backbg. (2)
Fr. green, lacking Sp., 1.5 cm 0 , Glo. uniformly Bo. forming cushions 1 m br.; Seg. ovoid to oblong,
ighter; S.flat.—Chile (Profetas and Puquios). green at first, to 10 cm lg., to 4 cm br., +
v. chilensis (Backbg.) Backbg. : Bo. more olive- tuberculate, later smooth; Ar. shortly woolly; Sp.
green ; Seg.conically tapering, larger ; Sp.longer, only in the upper part of the Seg., 1-5, mostly
thinner, Csp. 2, flexible, to 5 cmlg., white below, yellow but variable, to reddish, to 7 cm lg.; FI. to 3
± reddish-brown above, Rsp. mostly absent or cm lg., 5 cm 0 , yellow to orange; Ov. with Br.-Sp.
only 1, appressed, to c. 8 mm lg.; Fr. small.— above; Fr. spherical to oblong, yellow, not edible,
Chile (at c. 3000 m). with a few minute Br.-Sp. above; S. 4-5 mm lg.,
round.—Bolivia (high plateaux). Sp. darker, to
T. atroglobosusBackbg. (2) blackish, have been reported.
Bo. branching, mostly prostrate to weakly erect;
Seg.fairly large, + ovoid to oblong, dark green, + T. bruchii (Speg.) Speg.: Tephrocactus alexanderi
strongly tuberculate ; Ar.yellowish-white ; L.short, v. bruchii (Speg.) Backbg.
reddish to dark green; Sp. mostly 2—3(—7), to c. 2
cm lg. ; FI. fairly small, numerous, red ; Fr. flame- T. calvus Lem.: Tephrocactus articulatus v. calvus
coloured, small, smooth.—Origin? Floriferous. (Lem.) Backbg.
•Rivière collection No. 6217). (Fig. 410.)
T. camachoi (Esp.) Backbg. (2)
T. atroviridis(Werd. & Backbg.) Backbg. (1) Bo. forming cushions, colonies to 60 cm h., to 1.5 m
Bo. forming high rounded cushions, intense dark br., yellowish-green; Seg. ± bluish below, ovoid,
green; Seg.long remaining subspherical, to 3.5 cm to 4 cm lg., to 2.5 cm br., finely papillose, weakly
477
TEPHROCACTUS

tuberculate; Ar. round, white or cream; L.ovoid or brownish felt, more crowded at the apex; Sp.to 7 at
linear; Glo. numerous, honey-coloured; Sp. un­ first, reddish, small, dropping, then l(-3) rather
equal, main Sp. 1-3, stiller, erect, to 6 cm lg., white stouter and appressed or contorted, 1 projecting
below, white with brown flecks above, with 1-2 Sp. to 11 mmlg., whitish-grey, ± compressed; FI.
lower Ssp.; FI. to 6 cm lg., 5 cm 0 , greenish- ?—Chile (Banos de Puritama). Found by Lemb-
yellow.—Chile (Pampa de Antofagasta). cke.

T.catacanthusBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. I ll: 14. T.corotilla(K. Sch.) Backbg. (2)

1963 (2) Bo.in small, laxly branching groups to 15 cm h., in
Bo.offsetting from below; Seg.to c. 4 cm lg., 1.7 cm part prostrate; Seg. dull green, reddish at first,
0 , light green, pitted; Ar. with flocky felt at first, spherical to oblong, to 6 cm lg., to 2 cm 0 ; Ar.with
later with yellowish Glo.; Rsp. to 7, irregularly tufts of erect Glo. to 3mm lg.; Sp.0-7,to 4cm lg.;
curving, appressed, mostly in the lower half of the FI. 3.5cm lg., spiny, creamy-white, fading to pink
Ar., horn-coloured or pale pinkish-yellow; Csp. (only Peruvian spec, with this colour); Fil. num­
1-2, compressed or flattened, directed strongly erous ; Fr.with a much-sunken floral scar, 2 cm lg.;
downwards, to 1.5 cm lg., whitish horn-coloured; S. 4 mm lg., + oval.—S. Peru (between Airampal
FI.?—N. Argentina (Jujuy, northern mountains; and Pampa, 3300 m). (Fig. 413.)
found by Frau Muhr). (Fig. 411.) v. aurantiaciflorus Rauh & Backbg.: Seg. sim­
ilarly coloured, to 4 cm lg.; Ar. whitish-brown,
T.chichensisCard. (2) not very prominent; Glo. whitish-brown; Sp.
Bo.forming cushions to 60 cm h., 1m br.; Seg.light 0(-l, longer); FI.3 cm lg., reddish-orange; Fr.2
green to greyish-green, finely pitted, to 9.5 cm lg., to cm lg., with thin-acicular Sp.—S. Peru (Chig-
4.5 cm 0 , broadly tuberculate; Ar. cream; Glo. uata, 3200 m).
short, yellow; Sp. 12-16, 1-5 cm lg., white, T. corrugatus (Pfeiff'.) Backbg.: Opuntialongispina
projecting, Csp. scarcely differentiated; FI.4.5 cm v. corrugata(Pfeiff .) Backbg.
lg., light yellow; Fr. spherical-elliptic, c. 5 cm lg.,
with white translucent Sp.; S. light brown, 5 mm T. crassicylindricusRauh & Backbg. (1)
lg.—Bolivia (Potosí, between Tres Palcas and Bo. squarrosely branching, to c. 30 cm h. or more,
Escoriani). in colonies to 1.5m br., with a napiform main R.:
v. colchanus Card.: Bo. forming cushions to 40 Seg. faded greyish-green, ± cylindric, sometimes
cm h., 70 cm br.; Seg.light green, ovoid; Glo. 6 to 10-15 cm lg., to 6 cm thick; Glo.faded brown, to
mm lg., white; Sp. c. 11, white, to 3.5 cm lg., 5mm lg., tufted; Ar.c. 1cm apart; Sp.in the upper
upper ones brownish, thicker, shortest ones part of the Seg., 3-7, very stout, mostly with 2-3
bristly, the longest Sp. eventually to 6.2 cm lg.; directed downwards and the others obliquely
FI. ?; Fr. green, scarcely fleshy; S. orange- upwards, the longest one to 5cm lg., scabrous, all
brown, 4 mm lg.—Bolivia (Potosí, above Col- Sp. light grey below, gradually passing over to
cha). more reddish to brown, darker-tipped; FI.to 5cm
lg. and 0 , vivid yellow; Sep. greenish-yellow, red-
T. chilensis Backbg.: Tephrocactus atacamensis v. tipped; Fr.with a large floral scar, spiny.—S. Peru
chilensis(Backbg.) Backbg. (Rio Majes, 900-1200 m).
T.coloreusRitt.—Descr. Cact. Nov. III: 14.1963 (2) T. crispicrinitusRauh & Backbg. (1)
Bo.laxly segmented, light green; Seg.to c. 5 cm lg., Bo.cushion-forming; Seg.spherical to oblong, to 4
over 2 cm 0 , later more greyish-green; Ar. cm lg., 2 cm 0 , with moderately broad, oblong
brownish-white, prominent, to c. 3 mm lg.; Glo.in Tub.; Sp. thin, little projecting, brownish to horn-
compact, light brown tufts; Sp. mostly c. 5, coloured ; H. projecting, white, curly; FI. ?—Peru
irregularly directed, unequal, longest ones to 4.5-7 (Cordillera Negra, Punta Caillan). Differentiated
cm lg., usually 1 which is rather thin, of variable by the strongly curly but not very dense H.
length, ± projecting to appressed, several Sp. + v. cylindraceus Rauh & Backbg.: Seg. to 15 cm
downcurving, sometimes + sinuate, those in any lg., to 3 cm 0 ; Sp. 1-4, to 2(—
4) cm lg.;
one Ar. various coloured, even at first, whitish or subv. flavkomus Rauh & Backbg.: H. yellow
with a reddish-brownish sheen, occasionally con- to golden-brown; Sp.stouter, 1-3, to 3 cm lg.:
colorous reddish-brown, all Sp. later fairly long v. tortispinusRauh & Backbg.: Sp.as in the type,
and porrect but flexible; FI. ?—Origin ? (Fig. 412.) stouter, brown, bent, often connivent above the
apex, to 4, to 3 cm lg.
T. conoideusBackbg. non Ritt. (2)
Bo. very small, laxly branching; Seg. olive-green, T.cumspinus Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 14.
oblong-conical, to 2.5cm lg., 11 mm 0 ; Ar. with 1963 (2)
478
 TEPHROCACTUS

Bo. greyish-green, branching laxly from below to tapering to both ends, c. 2.5 cm lg. and 0 ; Ar.
form groups or denser cushions; Seg. at first white-felty; Glo. small, yellow; Sp. unequal, 6-8,
spherical, green, soon greying, c. 2.5 cm lg., 2.2 cm mostly 2-3 longer ones, brownish, later to 12, to 4.2
Z ■ noticeably tuberculate; Ar. glabrous, de­ cm lg.; FI.light yellow.—S. Peru (Pampa).
pressed ; Sp. reddish at first, not sharp, flexible, v. pseudorauppianus (Backbg.) Backbg.: Bo.
soon leaden-grey, strongly and irregularly curving, similar to the type; Ar. brown-felty; Glo. white;
2-5, + compressed, slightly furrowed or angular, Sp.c. 7, c. 2 cm lg., brown, some shorter, whitish.
:::en twisted; FI. ?— N. Argentina (Jujuy, in the Seg. subspherical.—Chile (neighbourhood of
mountains; found by Fechser). (Fig. 414.) Coquimbo).
T.cylindrarticulatusCard. (2) T. duvalioides Backbg.: Tephrocactus dactyliferus
Bo. in compact cushions to 20 cm h., 60 cm br., (Vpl.) Backbg.
arising from the main R.; Seg.to 9 cm lg., to 4 cm
Z- elliptic, newer Seg. cylindric, greyish-green, T. echinaceus Ritt.—“Taxon”, XIII: 4, 145. 1964
tuberculate; Ar. creamy-white at first; Sp. c. 6, (2)
projecting, 2-4.5 cm lg., stiff, pointed, brown Bo. quite freely branching; R. napiform; Seg. 4-9
?elow, black at midway, light brown above; FI. ?; cm lg., 2-4 cm 0 , tuberculate; Ar. white, 1-2 cm
Fr. ellipsoidal, reddish-brown, c. 5 cm lg., 2 cm apart; Sp.4-10, only in the upper Ar., 1-12(— 20) cm
:kick; S.light brown, 5 mm lg.—Bolivia (between lg., straight or curving, reddish-brown, stout,
Tres Palcas and Escoriani). smaller ones thinner; FI. 3.5-5.5 cm lg., pale
yellow, with reddish-brown Sp., Pet. obtuse; style
T.cylindrolanatusRauh & Backbg. (1) white; Sti. 7, yellowish; Fr. yellowish or greenish,
Bo. forming dense or lax groups; Seg. slender- spiny above, fairly dry; S.brown, bordered white, 3
cylindric, relatively small; H. dense but sometimes mm lg.—Chile (road from Arica to Portezuelo
stiffly projecting, white; Sp.thin, brownish.—Peru Chapiquina, 2900 m, on the watershed between the
Cordillera Raura, 4600 m). Differentiated by the Azapa and Lluta gorges). (FR 198.)
: lender-cylindric shape, and the sometimes project­
ing H. T. ferociorBackbg. (2)
Bo. forming cushions or larger mounds; Seg. to 8
T. dactyliferus(Vpl.) Backbg. (2) cm lg., 5.6 cm 0 , green, with prominent Tub. c. 2
Bo. cushion-forming; Seg. spherical to acutely cm lg., 1.5 cm thick; L. reddish; Ar. with whitish
ovoid, faded greyish-green, to 7 cm lg., to 4 cm 0 , Glo.; Sp. very unequal, few at first, later more
tuberculate above; Glo.not numerous; Sp.reddish numerous, cultivated plants may have 0-2 at first,
to yellowish-brown, c. 1-5, moderately long; FI. 3 later curving, interlacing or spreading, from
cm lg., orange-yellow, not opening very widely; whitish to light yellow to brownish, sometimes very
buds with yellowish Sp. above; Fr. c. 5 cm lg.; S. stout in habitat, 1-3 more central, sometimes to 6
; ellowish-brown. Old Sp. sometimes blackish- cm lg.; FI.pale yellow to orange-yellow; Fr.to 4.5
brown.—S. Peru (Azangaro, 3600 m). cm 0 , fleshy, spineless, edible; S.large, + 4-sided.
In the wild, plants may have to 20 Sp.—Bolivia
T.darwinii(Hensl.) Backbg. (2) (Tres Palcas, pampas N. of Tupiza), to N.
Bo. forming low colonies, probably to only 4 cm h.; Argentina (La Quiaca, acc. Frau Muhr).
R. long, woody; Seg. subspherical, c. 3 cm 0 ,
sometimes oblong, usually few, small, smaller ones T. flexispinusBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 14.
to 10 mm 0 ; Ar. large, felty; Sp. 1-3 in the upper 1963 (2)
part of the Ar., + straight, to 3.5 cm lg., yellow or Bo. caespitose, green; Seg. elongated, c. 4 cm lg.,
reddish-yellow, flattened; FI. + the same size as the 1.5 cm 0 or rather more, with oblong Tub. to 1.5
Seg., yellow.—S. Argentina (close to the Magellan cm lg., 5 mm br., + confluent below; Ar.whitish;
Straits). Glo. yellowish; Sp. stiffly erect, to c. 8 cm lg.,
yellowish or pale brownish, sometimes + curving;
T. diadematus Lem.: Tephrocactus articulate v. FI. ?—N. Argentina (Jujuy, in the mountains;
diadematus(Lem.) Backbg. found by Frau Muhr). (Fig. 415.)
T. diadematus v. calvus (Lem.) Backbg.: Tephro- T. flexuosusBackbg. (2)
cactusarticulatev. calvus(Lem.) Backbg. Bo. forming groups; Seg. ovoid, pale olive-green,
tapering above, to 3 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , sometimes ±
T.dimorphus(Forst.) Backbg. (2) spherical, not very distinctly tuberculate; Ar.large,
Bo. forming lax cushions c. 20 cm h.; Seg. felty; Sp.yellowish-white, very long, flexible, to 20
brownish-green to green, upper ones + ovoid, + cm lg. and more, some twisted, others short,
479
TEPHROCACTUS

curving, interlacing sideways; FI. and Fr. ?—N. T. geometricus(Cast.) Backbg. (2)
Bolivia (near the Comanche Mine). Bo. low, laxly branching, c. 15 cm h.; Seg.
spherical, 3.5 cm lg. and 0 , light green, later
becoming corky; Tub. 5-6-angled; Ar. brownish,
T.floccosus(SD.) Backbg. (1) lower ones spineless; Sp. 3-5, subulate, black or
Bo. forming high rounded or sometimes flatter white, curving above, 5-10 mm lg.; FI. white, 3 cm
cushions to 2 m br.; Seg.to over 10 cm lg., covered lg.; Fr. dry, depressed-spherical, 17 mm lg., 22 mm
with white H., these tangled and covering the br., mostly spineless.—Argentina (Catamarca.
shoots like a cobweb, not clearly curly or brush­ Tinogasta, Angostura de Guanchin).
like; Sp.mostly 1-3, 1-3 cm lg., or shorter, yellow,
sharp; FI. 3 cm lg., c. 3.5 cm 0 , yellow or orange; T. glomeratus(Haw.) Backbg. (2)
Fr. 3 cm 0 , spherical to ovoid, yellowish.—Central Bo. forming dense hemispherical cushions in age:
Peru to Bolivia (3500-4600 m). R. thick; Seg. oblong-ovoid, to c. 3 cm lg., 1.5 cm
v. canispinus Rauh & Backbg.: Seg. smaller, thick, somewhat tuberculate below the Ar.; Ar.
forming denser cushions; Sp. grey; Fr. green.— yellowish-felty; Glo.numerous, light yellow, 4 mm
Peru (Rimac valley, 1500 m); lg.; Sp. 1, only in the upper Ar., to 4 cmlg., 1.5 mm
v. cardenasii J. Marn.-Lap.: Bo. forming cush­ br., quite flat, decurved immediately above the Ar..
ions, dark green; Seg. to 5.5 cm lg., 3 cm 0 ;L. whitish-yellow or brown below, often tipped dark
1.3 cmlg., 3 mm thick, longer persistent;H. felty, brown; FI.and Fr. ?; S. 5 mm lg., dirty yellow.—N.
dense, yellowish-white; Sp. few, fine, sharp, Argentina (Los Andes). Britton and Rose er­
white; FI. and Fr. ?—Bolivia (La Paz, Achac- roneously used this name for T. articulatus, despite
achi, 3000 m); the fact that the two names are clearly descriptive
v. crassior Backbg.: Seg. thicker, larger, laxer, of the typical habit of each plant: “clustered” and
fewer, spreading.—Central Peru (high plateaux, “segmented”. The type plant has firm Sp. which are
4500 m); bent, ± resembling horns. (Fig. 416.) The varieties
subv. aurescens Rauh & Backbg.: H. yellow, sometimes have more than one Sp.:
not white. Rauh gives this varietal status; v. andicola (Pfeiff.) Backbg.: Sp. 3-4, slender,
v. denudatus (Web.) Backbg.: H. oniy few, white, not firm, 1-2 of these longer, flattened
possibly a hybrid between T. floccosus and T. below, lower ones to 5 cm lg., sometimes +
atroviridis; coloured above; Seg. 8-12 mm 0 . —Argentina
v. ovoides Rauh & Backbg.: Bo. in dense flat (Mendoza);
cushions; Seg. elongated-ovoid, to 10 cm lg., 3 v. atratospinusBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill
cm 0 ; Tub.very flat, 1.5cm br.; Ar.white-felty; 14. 1963: differs as follows from the type: Seg. t a
H. sparser, not very curly, weak; Sp. c. 3-5, 2-3 4.5 cm lg., 2 cm thick; Sp. 1 to several, much
cm lg., light yellow, 1-2 of these rather darker, stouter, to 4.5 cm lg., 2 mm br., white below,
longer, projecting.—S. Peru (Nazca-Puquio, on pitch-black above.—N. Argentina (Jujuy; founc
the Atlantic side, 4100 m). by Frau Muhr). (Fig. 417.);
v. fulvispinus(Lem. ) Backbg.: Sp.almost golder.-
T.fulvicomusRauh & Backbg. (2) brown.—N. Argentina (Salta);
Bo. in dense groups; Seg. to 6 cm lg., to 3 cm 0 , v. gracilior (SD.) Backbg.: Sp. and Seg. more
bluish to greyish-green, sometimes suffused purple; slender; downwardly appressed Ssp. no:
Ar. light brownish, 3 mm lg.; Glo. light, in a ring present.—Origin ?;
around the felt-cushion; main Sp. 5-7, golden- v. longispinus Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill
brown, mostly only slightly bent, ± erect, some 14. 1963: differs as follows from the type: Seg.
decurved, to 4.5 cm lg., also 0-1-2 Ssp., these 4.5 cm lg. but only c. 1.5 cm thick; Sp. 1 ic
pointing downwards, ± curving, to 4 mm lg., several, 7—13(!) cm lg., straight, white below
sometimes also 1-2 quite thin Sp., short, a few mm horn-coloured above, or with flecks of thai
lg.; FI.yellow, with golden-brown thin Sp. above; colour, c. 1mm br.; Fr.glabrous, reddish, almos:
Fr.3 cmlg. and 0 , reddish above.—S. Peru (Chala lacking any pulp; S.4 mm thick, + flattened. —
valley): N. Argentina (Jujuy; discovered by Frau Muhr
v. bicolor Rauh & Backbg.: Seg. to c. 5 cm lg., (Fig. 418.)
brownish-green at first, washed reddish, later Thanks to the latest discoveries we can now see th;
greyish to blackish-green, to 3 cm 0 ; Tub. 5 mm whole range of variability of this spec, which was
lg. and br., later to 12 mm lg.; Glo. tufted, misunderstood by Britton and Rose, and describee
yellowish; Sp. l-3(-8), to 4 cm lg.; FI. carmine again by Werdermann as Opuntia hypogaea.
outside, yellow inside.—Peru (Nazca-Puquio).
Regarded by Rauh as an independent spec.: T. T. glomeratus v. oligacanthus Speg.: Tephrocactas
bicolor. articulatusv. oligacanthus(Speg.) Backbg.
480
 TEPHROCACTUS

T. halophilus (Speg.) Backbg.: Tephrocactus red; Fr. 7 cm lg., red, spiny and tuberculate above,
alexanderi(Br. & R.) Backbg. with a sunken floral scar; S. spherical, 5 mm lg.—S.
Peru (Sumbay) and N. Chile.
T.hegenbartianusBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: v. steinianus Backbg.: Sp. thinner, longer,
15.1963.(2) honey-coloured, very flexible, to 20 per Ar.—N.
Bo. offsetting from below to form fairly dense Chile. Seg. also more slender.
groups; Seg.c. 2 cmlg., 1.7 cm 0 , leaf-green; Tub.
c. 7 mm lg., 5 mm br., rounded below, tapering T. ignotus (Br. & R.) Backbg.: Tephrocactus
above, crowded or spiralled; Ar. small, oblong, corotilla(K. Sch.) Backbg.
somewhat sunken, whitish; Sp. almostly bristle­
like, flexible, to 7, unequal, + projecting, white, T.kuehnrichianus(Werd. & Backbg.) Backbg. (2)
some to 2 cm lg., others shorter to very short, Bo. forming larger clumps; Seg. spherical to
curving or bent, terete; L. only 2 mm lg.; Glo. slightly oblong, to 8 cm lg., greyish-green, with fine
absent at first; FI. ?—Origin ? (Fig. 419.) light dots; Ar. fairly distant, white at first; Glo.
Named for Dr. Hegenbart of Marktredwitz who light; Sp. mostly only in the upper Ar., 5-12,
was able to obtain the rare Tephrocactus-material spreading or ± recurved, whitish-grey, to 3.5 cm
of Ritter’s from which this description was made. lg.; FI. vivid yellow, to 3 cm 0 ; Fr. broadly
spherical, with a sunken floral scar.—Central Peru
T. heteromorphus(Phil.) Backbg. (1) (800-1200 m).
Bo. branching laxly from the base; Seg. bluish- v. applanatus (Werd. & Backbg.) Backbg.:
green, shortly cylindric; Tub. spiralled, rounded, forming dense clumps; Seg. compressed-
thickening in the 2nd year; Ar.oblong, whitish; Sp. spherical; Sp. .less fierce, thinner, dirty grey,
bristly, weak, flexible, those lower on the Seg. later milky-white at first, to 2.5 cm lg.—Central Peru
much elongated, + hair-like and fine, pointing (Rimac valley).
obliquely upwards, straight; FI. red (acc.
Philippi).—Chile (Tarapaca, Chiquito). T. lagopus(K, Sch.) Backbg. (1)
Bo. forming larger colonies; Seg. oblong, to c. 10
T.hickenii(Br. & R.) Speg. (2) cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 ; H. yellowish-white, to 1.5 cm lg.,
Bo. forming low, lax groups to 1 m br.; Seg. stiffer than in T. floccosus, in part projecting,
spherical at first, then more oblong, reddish- brush-like; Sp. 1, to 2 cm lg., clearly projecting,
brown, 3-5 cm 0 , to 4 cm lg., strongly tuberculate; thickened below, translucent whitish, ± rough,
Ar. in the lower part of the Seg. mostly spineless, very sharp; Glo.sometimes as long as the Sp., to 1.5
fairly large, round; Sp. 2-5, thin, narrow, flat, ± cm lg.; FI. orange to red, to 3 cm 0 . —Peru (near
sharp, 5-12 cm lg., silvery to + black, becoming Cuzco, Cordillera Raura etc.). Sp. sometimes
ash-grey, lighter ones dark-tipped, newest ones yellowish.
mostly dark.—S. Argentina (Chubut, Puerto v. aureo-peiucillatus Rauh & Backbg.: Bo.
Madryn; Rio Negro). forming large cushions; Seg.ovoid, to 4.5 cm 0 ,
rather tapering above, tapering below to a
T. hirschiiBackbg. (1) slender base, fresh green; Tub. large, to 1.5 cm
Bo. forming small flat cushions to 20 cm br.; Seg. br., 6 mm h.; Ar. sunken, oblong, 5 mm lg.,
light green, shortly spherical to shortly cylindric, yellowish-white, felty; Sp.mostly 3-5, 1 of these
2-3 cm 0 ; Tub. oblong, little prominent; L. 5 mm especially long, to 3 cm lg., subulate, golden-
lg.; Ar. small, white; Sp. 1-3, to 11 mm lg., brown, pale yellow above and below, also tufts
brownish, directed towards the apex or bent of golden-yellow H. resembling a stiffly erect
upwards; FI.carmine, to 3 cm 0 . —Peru (Cordil­ brush, rarely somewhat curly, to 3 cm lg.; FI.
lera Blanca, Quebrada Queshque, 4000 m, together orange-yellow, to 4 cm 0 ; Fr. spherical, 3.5 cm
with Puya raimondii). lg., yellow to wine-red.—Peru (Ticlio Pass, 4700
m);
T. hossei Krainz & Gras.: Tephrocactusarticulatus v. aureus Rauh & Backbg.: H. mid-yellow; Sp.
v. polyacanthus(Speg.) Backbg. yellow, stout, varying with the locality, longer
projecting (Andahuaylas) or inconspicuous
T.ignescens(Vpl.) Backbg. (2) (Cordillera Raura); Fr. oblong, yellowish as in
Bo. forming large hemispherical cushions over 20 the type (where it is nearer spherical), 3-4 cm lg.,
cm h., often with hundreds of heads; Seg. bluish- 2.5 cm 0 ;
green to yellowish-green, to 10 cm lg., very fleshy, subv. brachycarpus Rauh & Backbg.: Fr.
naked below; Sp. only in the upper Ar., 6-15, + depressed-spherical, to 2 cm lg., 4 cm 0 ,
equal, 4-5 cm lg. or more, straight, erect, pointed, yellowish to reddish, floral scar flat (more
flexible to rigid, sharp, yellowish-brown; FI. deep sunken in the type);
481
TEPHROCACTUS

v. leucolagopusRauh & Backbg.: H. pure white; felt; Seg. to 15 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 ; young Ar. each
Fr. subspherical, green below, yellowish above, bear a L.; Sp. 0-3, to 2 cm lg., yellow; FI.scarcely
floral scar sunken, narrow; emerging from the woolly indumentum, yellow,
v. pachycladus Rauh & Backbg.: Seg. larger, to not opening wide, to 3 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 ; Tu.green,
14 cm lg., 6 cm 0 ; H. brush-like and stiff', scaly, densely covered with white hairy felt; style
appressed to projecting, dull to ± satiny-glossy, whitish, with 3 yellow Sti.; Fr.violet-pink, to 4 cm
fairly rigid, yellowish to golden-yellow, at least in lg.; S. round, c. 5 mm 0 . —Peru (near Macusani:
the upper part of the Seg.; Sp. to 7, to 4 cm lg., found by W. Rausch at 4000-4600 m). Named for
brownish-yellow, 1 Sp. always longer; FI. 2 cm the Austrian cactus-grower, G. L. Maly.
0 , orange-red.—Peru (summit of the Nazca-
Puquio Pass, on the bleak puna at 4400 m, and T. mandragora Backbg. (2)
among tola scrub near Chuquibamba). Bo. forming small groups half-concealed in the
soil; R. long, thick, to 12 cm lg., to 3 cm 0 ,
T.leoncito(Werd.) Backbg. (2) variously shaped; Seg. oblong or ovoid, to c. 2 cm
Bo. forming large hemispherical cushions to 50 cm lg., tapering above; Sp. very short, thin, 1-3,
h .,lm br., with rigidly projecting Sp.; Seg.oblong- whitish; Ar. set in a depression, or appearing so
ovoid, c. 4 cm lg., 2 cm 0 ; Ar. few; Glo. honey- because they are on an indistinct Tub.; FI.c. 3.5 cm
coloured, 7 mm lg.; 1-2 main Sp. to 4 cm lg., 1-2 0 , glossy, light yellow.—N. Argentina.
Ssp. small, yellowish-brown to whitish, all Sp.
much flattened and resembling stiff' paper, sharp; T. melanacanthusBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. I ll:
FI.yellow, c. 4 cm lg.—Chile (Atacama). 15. 1963 (2)
Ritter regards T. reicheanus (Esp.) Backbg. as a Bo. caespitose, laxly segmented; Seg.bluish-green,
variety or form. to 6 cm lg., 2.5 cm thick, ± conical; Tub.c. 2 cm lg.,
5 mm br.; Ar. dirty white; Glo. yellowish; Sp. c.
T. leoninus(Riimpl.) Backbg. (2) 9-14, to 3.5 cm lg., dark brown, straight but mostly
Bo. forming lax groups; Seg. oblong-ovoid, later bent below and pointing downwards, sometimes ±
sometimes more spherical, branching quite freely sinuate or twisted.—N. Argentina (Jujuy; dis­
above; Ar. with short felt at first, later with covered by Frau Muhr). (Fig. 421.)
numerous short Glo.; Sp.variable in number, 6-12
on new Seg., at most 1 cm lg., more numerous on T.microcladosBackbg. (2)
older shoots, Csp. 1-3, to 1.5 cm lg., all Sp. terete, Bo. branching, mostly underground; R. thick-
moderately robust, sometimes longer; FI. light napiform, to 10 cm lg., 6 cm 0 ; Seg. minutely
yellow, 4 cm 0 ; Pet. ± obtuse to rounded spherical, only 7-12 mm 0 , intense green; Tub.
above.—Chile. minute at first, prominent, later flatter and
broader; Ar.pale brownish; L.scarcely 1.5 mm lg.:
T. longiarticulatus Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Sp.very fine, curving downwards at first, c. 2-5 mm
Ill: 15, 1963 (2) lg., later stouter, to 1.3 cm lg., 0-3(-4); FI.yellow or
Bo. erectly branching; Seg. intense green, semi­ red.—S. Bolivia (Tupiza).
glossy, to c. 6 cm lg., c. 3 cm 0 , with oblong
prominent Tub. to c. 2 cm lg., 1 cm br.; Ar. with T.microsphaericusBackbg. n.sp. (2)
thick felt, to 9 mm lg. and almost as broad, Bo. articulated and chain-like, little branching,
yellowish-brownish to white, on cushions c. 5 mm green, to 8 cm lg. has been observed; Seg.spherical,
h.; Sp. in the upper Ar. mostly erect, later ± c. 1.8 cm lg. and br., rather stouter during the
projecting, c. 3-6, to c. 3.5 cm lg., unequal, growing period; Ar. light brown, 2 mm 0 , c. 3-4
variously arranged, mostly slightly curving, whit­ mm apart; Glo. yellow, short at first, later to 4-5
ish, or only below, reddish-brownish above or mm lg.; Sp. pale horn-coloured, dark below; Rsp.
concolorously so, some Sp. sometimes directed to c. 8, thin, soon whitish, to c. 6 mm lg.; Csp.c. 3.
sharply up or down, or bent; FI., Fr. and S. ?— to c. 2.5 cm lg., projecting; FI.pink, 4 cm lg., 5 mm
Origin? The epidermis is minutely pitted, and in 0 ; Fil. and An. yellow; style and Sti. green; Ov.
part ± rough-scaly. (Fig. 420.) conical, spiny.—N. Argentina (Jujuy, near Maim-
The spec, bears some resemblance to T. zehnderi, ara) (Coll. Uhlig & Backberg, U 2186; found by
but the Seg. are much more elongated, and the Ar.- Frau Muhr). (Fig. 422.) Clearly distinguished by
cushions on new shoots almost twice as large and the unusual chain-like habit.
more whitish-brownish than in T. zehnderi.
T. minorBackbg. (2)
T.malyanus Rausch Bo. in small lax groups; Seg. reddish at first, then
Bo. forming large cushions, taprooted, the entire bluish to yellowish-green, c. 2.4 cm lg., 2.2 cm 0 ,
plant densely covered with white or yellow woolly spherical to tapering above; Ar. at first like
482
 TEPHROCACTUS

?-eminent pads; Glo.later tufted, long, yellow; Sp. Bo.forming small clumps, dark green; Seg.elliptic
1-5, 2 of these usually longer, to 4 cm lg., 3 shorter to ovoid, sometimes subspherical at first, to 2.5 cm
: nes 6-18 mm lg., sometimes only 1-2 Sp. present, lg., in grafted plants to 4 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 ; Ar.with
:nger ones directed + downwards.—N. Bolivia hairlets, these soon dropping but concealing the
4000 m). small new Seg.; Glo. tufted, reddish-brown (acc.
Borg, sometimes yellow); Sp. 0; FI.and Fr. ?—N.
I. minusculusBackbg. (2) Argentina (Salta, Molinos, in the Chalchaqui
Bo. minute, branching; Seg. bluish-green, spheri- valley).
:al: Tub. ± oblong-rounded, prominent, later
ratter; Ar. eventually depressed, brown-felty at T.muellerianusBackbg. (2)
rrst, circular, fairly large, glabrous later; Sp. 0 or Bo.brownish-green, forming groups; Seg.c. 2.5 cm
1—2(— 6), unequal, ± sharp, to 3 mm lg.; FI.and Fr. lg., 2 cm 0 ; Sp. 5-9, whitish, dark-tipped,
The reddish L. on new shoots make them appear, spreading in all directions, 6-17 mm lg., rather
reddish overall.—Bolivia (northern puna, c. 4000 longer and stouter on older shoots; Ar. white; FI.
m ). ?—Origin? Older shoots appear to shrivel soon
and become unsightly.
T. minutusBackbg. (2)
Bo. minute, with branches to 2.5 cm lg.; R. small, T. multiareolatus Ritt.—“Taxon”, XIII: 4, 144.
digitate; Seg. to 12 mm lg., 8 mm thick, more 1964 (2)
: blong in cultivation, reddened around the Ar.; Ar.
Bo.bluish-green, caespitose, forming colonies to 30
cm lg. and br.; Seg. 5 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 , ovoid; Ar.
broadly circular, 1.5 mm br., very small at first; L. large; Sp. ± straight; Rsp. 8-20, weak, white; Csp.
ery small; Sp. mostly absent or very small, 6-8, brown; FI.3.5 cm lg., yellow; S.large.—Peru
scarcely visible, later 1—3—
4, very thin, to 1.7 cm lg.,
sften appressed, all grey, sometimes later (Dept. Arequipa, Convento). (FR275.)
missing.—N. Argentina (Los Andes). T. neuquensis(Borg) Backbg. (2)
Bo. forming low bushes to 15cm h., faded green to
T. minisRauh & Backbg. (2) brownish; Seg.ovoid-conical, 2-4cmlg., 1-1.5cm
Bo. small-shrubby, laxly branching, c. 17 cm h., in 0 , almost smooth; Tub. little prominent; Ar.
groups c. 20 cm br.; Seg. leaf-green to greyish- small, white; Glo. white, short; Rsp. 2-3, bristly,
green, spherical at first, later weakly elongated, 2-4 white, to 1cm lg., directed downwards; Csp.mostly
cm 0 ; Ar. prominent, to c. 4 mm br., light 1, rarely 2-3, white, flattened, flexible, 2-4.5 cm lg.,
brownish; Glo.short, light, set in the upper part of yellowish or tipped brownish; FI. ?—S.Argentina
the Ar.; Sp. to c. 18, thin and short at first, later (near Neuquen). (Fig. 423.)
longer, stouter, unequal, to 2.5 cm lg., more in the
lower part of the upper Ar., whitish (acc. Rauh, T.nigrispinus(K. Sch.) Backbg. (1)
also brown at first); FI. yellow, 2.5 cm 0.— Peru Bo. forming small spreading bushes to 20 cm h.,
Nazca valley, 1200 m). In cultivation the Sp. of dark to reddish or blackish-green; Seg. fairly
this attractive spec, do not grow as long. numerous, oblong and slender except on older
plants; Tub. small, low; L. c. 2 mm lg., reddish to
T. mistiensisBackbg. (2) dark green; Ar. yellowish at first; Glo. yellowish;
Bo. cushion-forming; Seg. mid-green, later olive- Sp. 3-5, mostly from the upper Ar., to 4 cm lg.,
green, ovoid or elongated; Tub. at first large, spreading, straight, subterete, not firm, purplish-
prominent, oval, soon flatter; Sp.mostly absent or black at first, becoming reddish-grey to grey; FI.
1. rather thin, more bristle-like, c. 4 mm lg.; FI.and small, purple, to 2.5 cm lg.; Fr.naked, with a much-
Fr. ?—S. Peru (Misti Volcano). sunken floral scar.—N. Argentina (bleak uplands
of Jujuy and Salta).
T. molfinoi Ritt.: Maihueniopsis molfinoi Speg.
Ritter classified the plant as Tephrocactus but T.noodtiaeBackbg. & Jacobs. (2)
makes no mention as to whether he really observed Bo. cushion-forming, in groups to 20 cm br.,
shoots which were connected at the base—the most greyish-green; Seg.to 4 cm lg., 2-3 cm 0 ; Tub.to 1
important of the characters given by Spegazzini; in cm lg., 7 mm br., flat; Ar. small, yellowish; Sp.
other words it is not certain whether Ritter saw the honey-coloured, flexible, not sharp, ± interlacing
correct spec, or whether—as in the case of laterally, 9-10, 6 of these longer, to 2.75 cm lg., 4-5
Castellanos—he saw some other plant which he Ssp., these sometimes weak or thin and flexible,
mistook for this spec. Maihueniopsis has not been some Sp. curving, often rather darker-tipped, those
re-collected at all, or described again. on cultivated plants becoming translucent, whitish,
thinner, sometimes faintly yellowish.—Peru (Lake
T. molinensis(Speg.) Backbg. (2) Titicaca, 3900 m).

483
 TEPHROCACTUS

I T. orutus (FR 1098): no description available. v. adpressus Backbg. n.v.: Hitherto seen in
collections as T. adpressus nom. nud.; similar to
T.ovalleiRemy: a virtually unclarified spec. In the T. pentlandii; Seg. dark olive-green; Sp. 2-3 to
Botanical Garden of Nymphenburg, Munich, I saw 1.25 cm lg., white at first, yellow below, later
plants under this name; they had greyish-green, concolorous white.—Bolivia: locality?
moderately lg., spineless, conical Seg. with slender v. fuauxianus Backbg.: Ar. white, flocky; Sp.
tufts of Glo.; FI.yellow, spineless.—Chile (Ovalle). mostly only 1, straight, rarely decurved, to 5 mm
ig-;
T. ovatus(Pfeiflf.) Backbg. (2) v.rossianusHeinr. & Backbg.: Bo.forming small
Bo. forming smaller cushions; R. rather thick, broad cushions; R. very stout and lg.; Seg.
branching; Seg. spherical, + tapering above, to rather larger; Tub. more prominent; Sp. 1-3,
ovoid, green, to 4 cm lg.; Ar. brown; Sp. 7-8, stouter, also 1-3 pale Ssp., all Sp. + curving,
unequal, stiff', erect, brownish at first, later white, more spreading; FI. yellow or red, c. 2 cm lg..
4—10 mm lg.—Argentina (Mendoza). Lower part 3.2-4.2 cm 0 , also reported as brownish-
of Seg. spineless. yellow.—Bolivia (Huari-Huari).

T. paediophilusRitt. (FR 1099). T.platyacanthus(SD.) Lem. (2)

[Haage states that no description was available to Bo. branching to form low bushes; Seg. glossy
him; Opuntia paediophilaBackbg. (shown in “The brown, reddish at first, oblong-spherical, soon
Illustrated Ref. on Cacti & Other Succulents”, E. & becoming grey and unsightly; Tub. prominent:
B. Lamb, III p. 605) clearly corresponds with the lower Sp. 3—4, more slender, appressed, also 2-3
plant in the Translator’s collection: Seg. to 10 cm longer, flattened, stiffly flexible Sp.—Argentina.
lg., subterete, c. 4 cm 0 , surface divided into Not Schumann’s spec, of the same name, which has
lozenge-shaped Tub., each with an Ar., the latter at green shoots (v. neoplatyacanthus Backbg.).
first with some white wool; Glo.brown to blackish; v. angustispinusBackbg.: Seg.more thick-ovoid:
Sp. conspicuously long, 12-15 cm lg. (20-23 cm Tub. several-sided, prominent, clearly defined:
reported), flat, 3-4 cm br., tapering and sharp, buff' Sp. narrower, mostly lighter, fairly long, mostly
to brownish, + papery, but much firmer than in the erect, Ssp.absent;
“diademata” group, sometimes twisted and vari­ v. deflexispinus (SD.) Backbg.: Seg. tapering to
ously directed, but mostly 2-4 more centrally both ends; Sp. narrow, long, directed ±
arranged, these at first forming an erect tuft, downwards;
porrect on older Ar., also 1-2 lower Sp., directed ± v. monvillei (SD.) Backbg.: Seg. more slender:
downwards. FI.and Fr.not known to the writer.— Sp.brown; possibly only a form;
Argentina.] v. neoplatyacanthus Backbg.: Seg. spherical.
green(!), to 4.5 cm 0 , often reddish below the
T. parvisetus Backbg.: Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 15. Ar.; Glo. dirty yellow; Sp. 2-4, like thin
1963(2) cardboard, glossy, fawn, with white edges and
Bo. laxly branching, olive-green; Seg. 1.5-3 cm lg., horizontal bands, to 6 cm lg., flat, Csp. 1, acutely
7-8 mm 0 ; Ar.c. 2-4 mm apart, 1.5 mm 0 at first, 3-angled, rather shorter, still stiff'er, often very
white-felty; L. 1 mm lg., reddish; Glo. very short, twisted, sometimes with 1-2 downwardly
whitish; Sp.to c. 12, to 5-8 mm lg., very thin, pale directed Ssp.; FI. ?—Argentina.
reddish above at first, soon becoming white,
spreading, later directed downwards; FI. ?— Chile T. pseudorauppianus Backbg.: Tephrocactus di-
(in the mountains, but no more precise locality morphus v. pseudorauppianus (Backbg.) Backbg.
given; found by Lembcke). (Fig. 424.) While (Ritter’s No. FR 242?), with brownish wool in
clearly related to T. conoideus, it is a valid young Ar.; not to be confused with T. sphaericus v.
independent spec. glaucinus which is bluish-green, with crowded Ar .
the above variety closely resembles the type, T.
T. pentlandii(SD.) Backbg. (2) dimorphus (Ritter’s No. FR 553?) with Ar. white
Bo.forming low cushions; R.napiform; Seg.small, at first.
spherical to slightly tapering to both ends; Tub.
flat; Glo. minute; Sp. 4-6, slender, to 8.5 mm lg., T.pseudo-udonisRauh & Backbg. (1)
whitish, variously recurved; FI. yellow and red, Bo. forming broad cushions, not very tall; Seg. to
shortly funnelform, 2.5 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 ; Ov. 15 cm lg., 5 cm 0 ; H. pure white, dense, long-
broadly compressed; Fr.red inside, dry, 1.2 cm lg., projecting, tangled, scarcely curly (as in T.
with a deep floral scar and a few Br. above.— udonis).—Peru (Cordillera Raura, on the high
Bolivia (Tupiza, Pampa Mochara). plateaux).
484
 TEPHROCACTUS

T.punta-caillanRauh & Backbg. (1) with T. leoncito (Werd.) Backbg.; certainly no

Bo.in lax groups; Seg. 5-10 cm lg., 2 cm 0 , glossy great differences are recognisable, but Espinosa
green; Tub. oblong, narrow, apical ones pro­ does not describe the Sp. as stiffly papery and
minent; L. to 1 cm lg., semicylindric; Ar. small, flattened; instead he says: “Sp. flattened above,
white; Sp. 2-6, projecting sideways or erect, thin, often channelled” ; Werdermann makes no men­
flexible, chestnut-brown; FI. carmine(?).—Peru tion of this latter character.
(Cordillera Negra, Punta Caillan, 4300 m).
T. retrospinosus Lem.: OpuntiaretrospinosaLem.,
T.pyrrhacanthus(K. Sch.) Backbg. (2) one of the small spec, of the Series “Airampoae”
Bo. low, branching, glossy, yellowish-green; Seg. which resemble Tephrocactus but have flat seg.
ovoid or ellipsoid, to 2 cm lg., 1 cm 0 , tuberculate;
Ar. white, 3 mm lg.; Sp. 5-8, sharp, yellowish-red, T. riojanus (Hoss.) Backbg.: Tephrocactusalexan-
to 4 cm lg.; Glo.small, golden-yellow; FI. to 3.5 cm deri(Br. & R.)Backbg.
lg., 3cm0 , golden-yellow; Sti.red.—Peru(Tacora
and Cerro Tornarape, 4400 m). T. russellii(Br. & R.) Backbg. (2)
v. leucoluteusBackbg.: Seg.to 4 cm lg., 3 cm 0 ; Bo. forming small clumps to 20 cm br., dark green
Sp. rather darker; FI. light yellow.—Bolivia to + reddish-brownish; Seg. small, spherical to
(Murillo, Calvario, 4000 m). ovoid, 2-4 cm lg.; Sp. in the upper part, 3-6,
projecting, yellow, 2-3 cm lg., rather flattened, with
T.rarissimusBackbg. (2) 1to several Ssp. to 1 cm lg.; Glo. later numerous,
Bo. in lax groups, matt bluish-green; Seg. ovoid, inconspicuous at first, to c. 2 mm lg.; FI. ?; Fr.
tapering above, fairly strongly tuberculate; Ar. spherical, to 2.5 cm 0 , spineless; S. 4 mm lg.—
white; Sp. mostly 2-3, rarely more, to 4 cm lg., Argentina (Mendoza, Potrillos).
stiffly bristly, white, not sharp, sometimes with a
very small Ssp.; FI. ?—N. Bolivia (between Lake T. schaeferi Ritt., not described: Tephrocactus
Titicaca and La Paz). conoideusBackbg. non Ritt.
T. rauhiiBackbg. (1) T. setiger Backbg.: Tephrocactus weberi v. setiger
Bo.in lax groups; Seg. relatively large, to 25 cm (!) (Backbg.) Backbg., with specially long, dense and
h., to 8 cm 0 , resembling a small Oreocereus; H. erect Sp.
stiffly projecting, dense, white or greyish-white; Sp.
pale yellow, scarcely projecting; FI. ?—S. Peru T. silvestrisBackbg. (2)
(Nevado Ausangate, Hacienda Lauramarca; prob­ Bo. almost concealed in the ground, branching,
ably also in the Cordillera Huaytapallana near mid-green; Seg. minute, spherical, arranged in
Huancayo). (Fig. 425.) The largest and stoutest of chains, ± spineless; Sp.later rarely 1,spreading, to
the hairy spec, of Series 1: Elongati. 17 mm lg., and 1 appressed, to 1 mm lg.—Bolivia
(near La Paz). Resembles T. minusculus.
T. rauppianus (K. Sch.) Backbg.: I now regard this
as only a rather weakly spined form of T. T. sphaericus(Forst.) Backbg. (2)
sphaericus; young shoots of the two plants closely Bo. in colonies which are sometimes very large,
resemble one another. prostrate to erect, + laxly branching, leaf-green;
Seg. spherical, sometimes ± oblong, to over 7 cm
T. reicheanus(Esp.) Backbg. (2) 0 ; Ar. fairly large, rather prominent, relatively
Bo. forming cushions to 2 m br., to 80 cm h.; Seg. crowded, at first very much so, yellowish; Sp.very
ovoid or oblong-conical, to 5 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , variable in number, sometimes few, often num­
green, whitish below, smooth; Ar. whitish to straw- erous and enveloping the Seg., brown or darker,
coloured; L. 5 mm lg., whitish to reddish; Glo. greying, to 4 cm lg., sometimes stout, Csp. stouter,
numerous, cream to straw-coloured, to 2 cm lg. (!); often curving, bent or projecting; FI. to 4 cm 0 ,
Sp. mostly only in the upper part, unequal, 1-2 (deep orange-) yellow; Fr. spherical, often very
longer ones to 5 cm lg., 2 mm br. below, flattened spiny, sometimes proliferating; S.spherical, white,
above, often channelled, white or yellowish, 4 mm 0 , with a thin broad ring.—Peru (Arequipa).
sometimes directed sideways, often also 1-3 bristly v. glaucinusBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. I ll: 15.
Ssp. which are compressed, and downcurving or 1963 (2): Bo.forming groups by branching; Seg.
twisted; FI. 8.8 cm lg., to 7.5 cm 0 , greenish- ovoid, ± tapering to both ends, to c. 4 cm lg., 2.5
yellow ; stylewhite and reddish; Sti.green; Fr.5 cm cm 0 , epidermis dull bluish-green, noticeable
0 , 4 cm lg.; S.4 mm lg., flattened.—Chile (valley for its light and fine pitting; Ar. 1 cm apart,
of the Rio Toro, 3550 m, and Banos del Toro, c. 4 mm lg., raised but flattened-rounded, with
Andes of Elqui). Ritter considers the spec, identical light brown felt (T. sphaericus: felt at first

485
TEPHROCACTUS

yellowish-white, soon concolorous white); Glo. ulate, + compressed, reddish-yellow, to 2 cm lg.;

in the upper part of the Ar., little projecting, FI. to 3 cm lg., yellow”.—Chile (Calaleste).
yellowish (further projecting in T. sphaericus); Insufficiently known.
Sp. 10-14, irregularly directed, unequal, to c. 7
downwards, white, others porrect, pointing T. tortispinus Ritt., not described: “with dark
upwards or curving ± sideways, rarely set in the twisted Sp.” (FR 550). No further details available.
upper margin of the Ar., or if so, then short, fine,
white, 1-2, other Sp. light horn-coloured, T. turpinii Lem.: a name formerly often applied to
brownish above, or in part with brownish flecks, Tephrocactus articulatusv. syringacanthus (Pfeiff.)
8-13 mm lg., all thin; FI. ?—Origin ? (S. Peru, Backbg.
Pacific side?). (Fig. 426.) Differentiated by the
bluish-green colour, sharp white dots, the T.udonis(Wgt.) Backbg. (1)
brownish coloured or flecked main Sp. and the Bo. forming cushions;Seg. to 13 cm lg., 6 cm 0:
brownish areolar felt from T. sphaericus in Ar. grey; H. dense, tangled, to 7 cm lg., almost
which only the fresh green new growth has “wire”-like, flexible, curly; Sp.2-4, unequal, to 3.5
indistinct spots; cm lg., thin, sharp, brownish, later darker, also 1
v. rauppianus (K. Sch.) Backbg.: a variety or Ssp. to 7 mm lg., bristly, decurved; FI. ?—Peru
form with more numerous, weaker, appressed (Cordillera Negra, 4300 m). Relatively rare in
Sp.; habitat.
v. unguispinus (Backbg.) Backbg.: Seg. of
habitat-plants often reddish-brown; Sp. later to T. unguispinus Backbg.: Tephrocactus sphaericus
18, whitish-grey, often darker at first; main Sp. v. unguispinus(Backbg.) Backbg.
to c. 2.5 cm lg., mostly very bent and claw-like.—
S. Peru (desert of La Joya). T. variiflorusBackbg. (2)
Bo.in small lax groups, mid-green; Seg.oblong, to
T. strobiliformis (Berg.) Backbg.: Tephrocactus c. 1.5 cm 0 ; Tub. very flat, twice as lg. as br..
articulatusv. inermis(Speg.) Backbg. separated by sinuate lines; Ar. yellowish; Glo.
yellowish; Sp. rather small, yellowish, some
T. subinermis(Backbg.) Backbg. (2) appressed, others projecting, c. 2-4, unequal,
Bo. forming fairly large groups, green; Seg. ovoid, dissimilar; FI.fairly large, with c. 20 broadly linear
tapering above; Tub. very prominent; Ar. Pet., + truncate above, rather laxly radiating, to 18
yellowish-white; Glo.eventually in longer clusters, mm lg., 6-10 mm br., carmine or carmine-pink, to
yellow; Sp.often missing, or 1-2, mostly spreading very pale or yellowish-pink.—N. Argentina
sideways, to 2.5 cm lg., horn-coloured or whitish ; (pampa, S. of Villazon). FI. very attractive. Found
FI. ?—N. Bolivia (high plateaux, 4000 m). by Ritter (FR 91).
T. subsphaericus Backbg.: Tephrocactus alexan- T.verticosus(Wgt.) Backbg. (1)
deriv. subsphaericus(Backbg.) Backbg. Bo. forming compact, flatter to convex cushions:
Seg. to 10 cm lg., to 3 cm 0 , broad rather than
T.subterraneus(R. E. Fries) Backbg. (2) tapering above; H. to 4 cm lg., densely tangled,
Bo. almost concealed in the ground, simple or little somewhat curly, completely enveloping the Seg.:
branching; R. thick, to 12 cm lg.;Seg. spherical, Glo.scarcely recognisable; Sp. 1-4, dissimilar, to 3
2-4 cm lg.; Tub. ± 4-sided, flat, relatively cm lg., light to darker brown or tipped reddish,
crowded; Sp. 1-7, all radials, short, whitish to projecting beyond the H.; FI. carmine (also
brownish (at first), thin, recurved, appressed, + crimson?); Fr. oblong; S. ovate-circular.—Peru
bent; FI.brownish-white with a reddish tinge, c. 2.5 (Cordillera Negra, Katai Pass).
cm 0 ; Sep. greenish; Ov. slender-conical, spiny
above; stylecream; Sti.reddish; Fr.to 1.5 cm lg.; T.virgultusBackbg. n.sp. (2)
S. 3 mm lg., irregularly shaped—N. Argentina Bo. a laxly branching, small bush, intense green,
(Jujuy, near Moreno and Javi). (Fig. 427.) Only later paler; Seg. to c. 2.5 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 ,
recently re-collected. sometimes to only 2 cm lg. at first, 8 mm 0 ; L.
green, c. 3 mm lg.; Ar. 5-9 mm apart, small at first,
T.tarapacanus(Phil.) Backbg. (2) weakly white-felty, later with a compact tuft of felt
Bo.low, made up of many Seg.,these small, ovoid, to 2 mm lg.; Glo. whitish, scarcely visible through
c. 2 cm lg., 1 cm 0 ; Ar.white-woolly; Sp.at the tip the felt; Sp.0 at first, later to c. 5-8, straight, fairly
of the Seg., usually 3, straight, 12-15 mm lg., white, firm, slightly spreading or porrect, to 12 mm lg..
tipped yellowish; FI. yellow. Schumann added: pale pinkish-white, soon grey; FI. dark pink (acc.
“Ar. small; Glo. yellowish-white; Sp. 1-2, sub­ Muhr).—Origin ? (Fig. 428.)
486
 TEPHROCACTUS-THELOCACTUS

T.weberi(Speg.) Backbg. (1) Thelocactus (K. Sch.) Br. & R. (199)

Bo. forming low bushy colonies to 18 cm h., 30 cm
br., yellowish-green; Seg. to 6 cm lg., 2 cm 0 , Plants spherical to elongated, with distinctly
rather tuberculate above; Tub. crowded, spiralled, tuberculate ribs, mostly with stouter spination;
± 4-sided, c. 6 mm br. and lg.; Sp. fairly crowded, spines sometimes brightly coloured (white, yellow,
5-7, brownish to brown, to 5 cm lg., flexible, red or brown), or roughened and fibrous, some­
irregular, + interlacing sideways or more distinctly times subulate, the centrals in some cases flat­
so, smaller ones mostly lighter; FI. small, yellow, tened, flexible and longer. The areoles bearing the
rotate; Fr. 1cm lg., dry (with Glo. inside? Speg.); spines carry an extension, usually called a “long
S. hard, smooth, twisted.—Argentina (San Juán; areole”, from which the white, yellow or red and
Salta). very attractive flowers arise; the latter and the
v. dispar (Cast. & Lelong) Backbg.: Bo. some­ fruits are scaly but otherwise glabrous. Some
times over 15 cm h.; Seg. to 7 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 ; species offset from the base or even from the
smaller Sp. 3^1, white, bristly, spreading down­ areoles, and three species show great variability.
wards, to 5 mm lg., also 4 + erect, stiff, The seeds are predominantly black; in one case
projecting Sp. c. 2 cm lg., reddish to horn- only, so far as known, they are dark brown, but
coloured; FI. 2 cm lg.; Fr. spiny (Catamarca, they are probably always matt and never very
Tucuman); small.—Distribution: USA (Texas) to Mexico
v. setiger(Backbg.) Backbg.: Sp.4-6, to over 3.5 (from the N. frontier to Queretaro, but not in Baja
cm lg., horn-coloured to white, crowded, more California). [(R); most species grow well.]
strongly erect (Córdoba? Tucuman ?).
T. beguinii (Web.) Berg.: Gymnocactus beguinii
(Web.) Backbg.
T. wilkeanusBackbg. (2)
Bo. grouping; Seg. c. 2.5 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , ovoid,
tuberculate above; Sp. bristle-like, white, some­ T. bicolor(Gal.) Br. & R.
times only 1 present; FI. red (Wilke).—N. Bolivia Bo. mostly simple, spherical to oblong and
(Viacha). Spination fine, slender; plant rare, never tapering, varying according to form and locality,
since re-collected. quite low or to 20 cm lg. and 10 cm 0 (H. Bravo);
Ri.8-13, divided transversely into Tub.; Rsp.9-18,
to 3 cm lg.; Csp.mostly to 4, individuals ascending
T.yanganucensisRauh & Backbg. (1) to porrect, to 3-5 cm lg.; Sp.yellowish or light red,
Bo. forming flattened-convex cushions to 30 cm or red and yellowish, one of these ± compressed;
br.; Seg. crowded, to 5 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , bluish- FI. 5-6 cm lg. and approximately as br., deep
green; Tub.rounded-oblong; L. 1 cm lg.; Ar.light, purplish-pink; Ov. and Tu. densely scaly, Sc.
c. 2 mm lg.; Sp. 1-4, unequal, to c. 2.2 cm lg., light ciliate; Sti.pale yellow to pinkish-yellow; Fr. c. 1
brown to reddish, projecting (in T. hirschii, which cm lg., dehiscing irregularly from the base; S.2 mm
resembles this spec, when grafted, Sp. are more lg.—USA (S. Texas) to Central Mexico.
strongly appressed or directed upwards); FI. c. 3 cm A variable spec., with the following more clearly
0 , vivid carmine.—Peru (Cordillera Blanca, distinguishable:
Quebrada Yanganuco, 3000 m). Seg. much longer v. bolansis (Runge) Knuth: Bo. eventually
in grafted plants. cylindric; Rsp. to 25, thin; Csp. 3, thickened
below; all Sp.white; FI. over 7 cm 0 . —Mexico
(Sierra Bola);
T. zehnderiRauh & Backbg. (2) v. flavidispinus Backbg.: see Thelocactusflavidis-
Bo. forming cushions to 50 cm br., 30 cm h., pinus(Backbg.) Backbg.;
greyish-green to dark green; main R. stout, v. pottsii (SD.) Backbg.: Bo. more spherical,
napiform; Seg. to 10 cm lg., to 3 cm 0 ;Tub. 10-15 cm 0 ; Ri. more broadly rounded; Rsp.
convex at first; Ar. large, oval, white-woolly, to 11 mostly 10-11; Csp. strongly subulate, mostly
mm lg., 8 mm br.; Sp.3-8, longest ones to 3 cm lg., downcurving, one upper Sp.flattened.—Mexico
very stout, weakly curving, reddish-brown, later (Chihuahua);
grey, Sp. on cultivated plants only few, thin, short, v. schottii (Eng.) Davis: acc. Engelmann this is
white; Glo. stoutly tufted and projecting on old an oblong form, in contrast to the spherical
Seg.; FI. to 3 cm lg., to 4 cm 0 , reddish outside, Mexican one; but since the latter is v. pottsii, v.
yellow inside; Fil.yellow; Sti.white; Fr.spherical, schottii must be regarded as identical with the
yellowish, 2 cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , spiny, with a deep type;
floral scar.—S. Peru (Sarasassa Volcano, near v. texensis Backbg.: Bo. oblong; Rsp. 12-13,
Incuio, on lava-ash, 3500 m). with red flecks, sub-terete, sometimes also 1

487
THELOCACTUS

flattened, whitish, to 2.5 cm lg.; Csp. c. 4, 3 of throat more violet, c. 5 cm 0 , with a satin-like
these subulate, 1 upper one to 7.3 cm lg., straw- gloss.—USA (Texas). Grows particularly well
coloured, thin, flattened, one Csp. sometimes when grafted. (Fig. 429.)
flecked red at first.—USA (Texas);
v. tricolor (K. Sch.) Knuth: Bo. becoming T. fossulatus (Scheidw.) Br. & R.: Theiocactus
strongly oblong in age; Sp. fairly crowded and hexaedrophorusv. fossulatus(Scheidw.) Backbg.
stout, coloured more strongly red.—NE.
Mexico. T. gielsdorfianus (Werd.) Werd.: Gymnocactus
gielsdorfianus(Werd.) (Werd.) Backbg.
T.bueckii(Klein)Br. & R.
Bo. simple, deep green; Tub. strongly developed, T. goldii H. Bravo: Gymnocactus horripilus(Lem.)
rather pointed and angular; Sp. c. (4—)7, reddish, Backbg.
dissimilar, some curving back or out, the longest
ones often strongly elongated, all flexible; FI.dark T.hastifer(Werd. & Bod.) Knuth
red; Pet. narrow.—Mexico. Plants also reported Bo. spherical at first, seedlings slender-clavate,
with stout recurved Sp. becoming oblong-ovoid to cylindric, sometimes
also + tapering below; Ri.(13-) 18-20, to 8 mm h..
T.conothelos(Reg. & Klein) Knuth tuberculate; Ar.white at first; Rsp. 20-25, hyaline.
Bo. + ovoid, to 10 cm h., to c. 7.5 cm 0 , greyish- + rough, to 15 mm lg.; Csp. 4, 3 of these erect,
green; Ri. tuberculate, in c. 12 spirals; Tub. to c. 2 rather brownish at first, the bottom one porrect, to
cm lg.; Rsp. 14-16, white, ± appressed, to 1.8 cm 3 cm lg., pale horn-colour, darker above and below,
lg., sometimes darker below; Csp. (1—)2— 4, light, all soon becoming chalky-white; FI.to 4.5 cm 0 ,
unequal and stouter, to over 3.5 cm lg., sometimes pale violet-pink.—Mexico.
curving; FI. 3.5 cm 0 , purplish-violet; Ov. scaly;
Fr. 1.3 cm lg., 9 mm 0 , with Sc. 2 mm lg., green­ T. hertrichii (Weinb.) Borg: an insufficiently
ish below, reddish-violet above—Mexico clarified spec, of Ferocactus, from Arizona.
(Tamaulipas).
In the absence of FI.-data, previously regarded as T.heterochromus(Web.) van Oost.
belonging to Gymnocactus. De Herdt, of Mortsel- Bo.depressed-spherical, simple, to 15 cm 0 , bluish
Antwerp, was able to give me the necessary to greyish-green; Ri.c. 9, with thick rounded Tub.,
information, so that the spec, can now finally be these shrinking appreciably during the dry season:
referred here. Ar. large, round, white; Rsp. 7-10, mostly terete,
the top one + broadly compressed, all ±
T. crassihamatus (Web.) Marsh.: Glandulicactus projecting and ± recurved, fairly thick or stout,
crassihamatus(Web.) Backbg. individuals sometimes more central; Csp. 1.
equally stout, or much stouter and then
T.ehrenbergii(Pfeiff.) Knuth sometimes channelled above, to 4 cm lg.; all Sp.
Bo. spherical at first, then oblong, offsetting to reddish to brownish, or flecked, very variable in the
form mats, single heads to 12 cm h., 7 cm 0 , light whitish-reddish patterning or banding; FI. to 6 cm
green at first, becoming greyish-green; Ri. mostly lg., to 10 cm 0 , light violet, the centre often darker:
8-13 R. of spiralled stouter Tub. 1 cm h. and Fr. to 1.5 cm 0.— Mexico (Chihuahua to
sometimes subdivided by a short transverse notch; Coahuila).
Ar. yellowish at first; Rsp. mostly 6, thin-subulate,
spreading, upper ones mostly longest, to 2 cm lg.; T.hexaedrophorus(Lem.) Br. & R. (T.)
Csp. 0-1, to 2 cm lg., straight, stiff, yellowish to Bo. simple, bluish or greyish-green, to 15 cm h. and
brownish; Sp. all darker at first, later mostly br.; Ri. 13, entirely divided into large, plump, ± 6-
reddish below, finally often dropping; FI.to 4 cm sided Tub., with acute transverse depressions; Ar.
0 , light carmine-pink to white.—Mexico to 3.5 cm apart; Rsp. 6-9, dissimilar, projecting.
(Hidalgo, Ixmiquilpan). Very close to T. leucac- 11-18 mm lg., straight to ± slightly curving; Csp.
anthus. 2-3 cm lg., stouter, erect; Sp. yellowish to greyish-
pink or brownish-red, ± finely annular; FI. white,
T. flavidispinus(Backbg.) Backbg. c. 6 cm lg. and to 8 cm 0 ;Ov. with a few fringed
Bo. mostly simple, becoming elongated; Ri. fresh Sc.—Mexico (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí),
green, c. 13, almost completely divided into smaller v. decipiens Berg.: Bo. dark green; Sp. bent
spiralled Tub.; Ar.yellowish; Rsp.c. 20, yellowish, backwards, appressed, dirty yellowish-brown:
all appressed, interlacing, 1.8-2.4 cm lg.; Csp. 1, v. droegeanus(K. Sch.) Berg.: Bo.ash-grey; Tub.
terete, straight, projecting, yellowish, red below, compressed;
later yellowish-white; FI. purplish-pink with the v. fossulatus (Scheidw.) Backbg.: Bo. broadly
488
 THELOCACTUS

spherical, to 15 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 13, often reddish; provisional name so that it does not sink into
Rsp. (2— )4—5, to 3.5 cm lg., brown to grey; Csp. 1, oblivion;
to 4.5 cm lg., often slightly curving; Sp, all v. sanchezmejoradai (J. Meyr.) Backbg.: only a
thickened below, often 4 of these cruciform, one form of v. schmollii Werd., since the descriptions
upper Sp. smaller and thinner, centrals some­ are so similar. Fil. of this variety are purple; style
times indistinctly banded; F!. whitish or deli­ pink; Sti. 6-9.—Mexico (Queretaro, 15 km E. of
cate pink; Sc. slightly ciliate.—Mexico (San Cadereyta);
Luis Potosí); v. schmollii Werd.: Ri. c. 12, matt green to light
v. labouretianus Berg.: Ri. more coherent; only greyish-green, tuberculate; Rsp. 13-19, whitish-
a form? grey, radiating, appressed, fairly dense, yel­
v. major (Quehl) Berg.: Sp. to 3 cm lg., lowish at first, brownish or red below, to 1.5 cm
attractively red; only a form? lg.; Csp. 0-1 (-3), scarcely longer; FI. 4 cm lg.,
opening widely, satiny, carmine-violet; An.
T. horripilus (Lem.) Berg.: Gymnocactus horripilus erect; Fil. pale yellowish; style cream; Sti.
¡Lem.) Backbg. yellow.—Mexico (Queretaro ?).
T. lloydii Br. & R.
T. knuthianus (Bod.) H. Bravo: Gymnocactus Bo. simple, compressed-spherical, to 12 cm 0 , pale
knuthianus (B5d.) Backbg. bluish-green; Tub. conspicuous but low, often
broader than long, to 4 cm br.; Ar. (long Ar.) often
T. krainzianus Oehme extending halfway along the Tub.; Sp. mostly 8,
Bo. spherical, caespitose, sometimes forming sometimes also with one Ssp., terete or angular
cushions, glossy, greyish-green, to 8 cm h., to over 6 below, tipped yellowish to carmine, to 6 cm lg.; FI.
cm 0 ; Ri. 8, entirely divided into conical Tub. to 3 pale purple; Sti. pinkish-yellow.—Mexico (Zac­
cm lg., the lower Tub. prominent and acute; Rsp. atecas).
10-13, projecting, to 4.5 cm lg., thickened below;
Csp. 1, to 5.5 cm lg.; all Sp. light grey at first, reddish T. lophophoroides Werd.: Turbinicarpus loph-
below: FI. 5.5 cm lg., 9 cm 0 , glossy, light violet; ophoroides (Werd.) F. Buxb. & Backbg.
Sti, cream; S. matt black.—Mexico.
T. lophothele (SD.) Br. & R.
T. leucacanthus (Zuce.) Br. & R. Bo. simple to quite freely caespitose, spherical to
Bo. shortly cylindric, to 15 cm lg., later offsetting elongated; Ri. 15-20, spiralled, strongly divided
quite freely from below or from the flanks and into Tu., these more warty above, connections
forming cushions; Ri. 8-13, often spiralled, often only narrow; Ar. white to yellowish; Rsp.
recognisable as Ri. despite being made tuberculate 3-5, to 3 cm lg., subulate, terete, thickened below,
by transverse constrictions; Rsp. 7-20, light yellow sharp, black to light brown or yellowish at first,
at first, then grey, spreading or recurved, some­ upper ones ruby-red at first; Csp. 0-1, scarcely
times banded; Csp. 0-1, blackish at first, later longer, or only occasionally so; FI. 6 cm lg., 5 cm
grey, moderately stout; FI. yellow, 5 cm lg.; Ov. 0 , colour varying from yellowish-white to
and Tu. with imbricate Sc.—Mexico (Hidalgo, sulphur-yellow, peach-colour to pinkish-red, with
Zimapán and Ixmiquilpan). a silvery sheen; style white; Sti. light yellow.—
v. porrectus (Lem.) Backbg.: Bo. bluish-green; Mexico (Chihuahua).
Rsp. 7-8(-9), appressed, to c. 2 cm lg.; Csp. 1,
directed obliquely upwards or ± porrect, T. mandragora (Fric) F. Buxb. & Oehme: Gymno­
sometimes gently curving, very long, to c. 4 cm cactus mandragora (Fric) Backbg.
lg.; all Sp. dark reddish at first, flecked white,
soon light-coloured; FI. coppery.—Mexico T. nidulans (Quehl) Br. & R.
(Hidalgo). This name is also applied to a hitherto Bo. hemispherical, to c. 20 cm 0 , to 10 cm h.,
undescribed plant with large or thick Tub., with bluish-green at first, later greyish-green, crown
acute transverse divisions, offsetting from the white; Ri. 20 or more, spiralled, strongly divided
lower Ar.; Sp. to c. 9, brownish, ± flecked; Csp. into conical, obliquely truncate Tub. c. 2 cm h.,
1, little longer; narrowly connected; Ar. c. 1 cm lg., felty at first;
v. pseudoporrectus nom. prop.: a plant labelled Sp. scarcely differentiated, especially later, the
also T. porrectus, in the collection of Saint-Pie, lower half of the Ar. with c. 6-8 Sp. 1 cm lg., soon
Asson: Bo. leaf-green; Sp. clustered, spreading; weathering and dropping, the upper part with 3 to 2
FI. probably red, but only dried material has cm lg., towards the centre another 4 Sp. to 6 cm lg.,
been studied, so that no description is possible; all Sp. dark horn-colour at first, frosted, also
however it is worth giving the plant at least a furrowed and banded, 4-6 larger Sp. finally
489
THELOCACTUS

persisting, these glossy greyish-white, with disjunc­ upper Sp. flattened, 2 of these to c. 17 mm lg., the
tive fibres like asbestos; FI. 4 cm lg., yellowish- uppermost one to 2.7 cm lg., directed towards the
whitish; Ov. with green ciliate Sc.—Mexico. crown, more strongly flattened; Csp. 0; FI. to 8.5
cm br., reddish-purple, scarlet at the centre; Sti.
T.phymatothelos(Pos.) Br. & R. reddish-scarlet; Fr. spherical, brownish-violet; S.3
Bo. depressed-spherical, with sparse cranial felt, to mm lg., matt, dark brown.—Mexico (Tamaulipas).
10 cm 0 , 5 cm h.; Ri. c. 13, with narrowly
connected, swollen Tub.; Ar. to 2 cm apart; Sp. T. smithii (Muehlpfrdt.) Borg: Gymnocactus
absent or 1-3, straight, subulate, to 2 cm lg., beguiniiv. smithii(Muehlpfrdt.) Backbg.
blackish at first, then greying; FI.pink to purplish-
pink, c. 5 cm 0 . —Mexico. T. stanleyi was only a name used by Schmoll,
Cadereyta, Mexico, and never described. Nothing
T. porrectus (Lem.) Knuth: Thelocactus leuca- further known of this plant.
canthusv. porrectus(Lem.) Backbg.
T. pottsii (SD.) H. Bravo: Thelocactus bicolor v. T. subterraneus Backbg.: Gymnocactus sub-
pottsii(SD.) Backbg.—Acc. Br. & R. synonymous terraneus(Backbg.) Backbg.
with Thelocactusheterochromus(Web.) van Oost.
T.tulensis(Pos.) Br.& R.
T.rinconensis(rinconadensis) (Pos.) Br. & R. Bo.,simple or offsetting, spherical to elongated,
Bo. simple, to 12 cm 0 , to 8 cm h., greyish to dark green, to c. 12 cm h. and 0 , with short white
bluish-green, with sparse cranial felt; Ri.mostly 13, cranial felt; Ri. c. 10, the Ar. set on swollen Tub.
thick, strongly sinuate, divided into rounded, with rather narrow, deep connections; Tub.
conical-angular Tub., these narrowly connected; plumply conical, to 2 cm h., ± 6-sided; Ar. 2.5 cm
Ar. 2.5 cm apart; Sp. mostly 4, to 1.5 cm lg., apart, white; Rsp.6-8, lower ones to 1cm lg., upper
subulate; Csp. 0; FI.4 cm lg. and 0 , white, with a ones to 1.5 cm lg., the latter more bristle-like and ±
delicate pink dorsal stripe, finally glossy concol- appressed upwards, others brownish at first, then
orous white; style white, pinkish-red above; Sti. white; Csp. 1(— 2), sometimes 3, dissimilar, whitish
golden-yellow.—Mexico (Nuevo León). to horn-coloured, dark-tipped, often rather an­
gular and flattened, straight or curving, to almost 4
T. roseanus (Bod.) Berg.: Escobaríaroseana(Bod.) cm lg.; FI. c. 4 cm lg., silvery-white suffused delicate
Backbg. pink, with a carmine M.-stripe on both surfaces:
Sti.pale yellow.—Mexico (Tamaulipas, Tula).
T. sanchezmejoradai J. Meyr.: Thelocactus leuca-
canthusv. sanchezmejoradai(J.Meyr.) Backbg. T. uncinatus (Gal.) Marsh.: Glandulicactus un-
cinatus(Gal.) Backbg.
T. saueri (Bod.) Berg.: Gymnocactus saueri (Bod.)
Backbg. T. valdezianus (Moll.) H. Bravo: Gymnocactus
valdezianus(Moll.) Backbg.
T.saussieri(Web.) Berg.
Bo.broadly spherical, to 20 cm 0 ; Tub.in c. 20 R., T. viereckii (Werd.) H. Bravo: Gymnocactus
light green, prominent, oblong; Rsp. c. 9-11, viereckii(Werd.) Backbg.
radiating, white, to 1.5 cm lg.; Csp. to 4, ±
subulate-acicular, 3-4 cm lg., brown at first; FI.to 4 T. wagnerianusBerg.
cm 0 , purple; Tu., Ov. and Fr.scaly, otherwise as Bo. oblong to cylindric, to over 20 cm h., to c. 6 cm
in T. conothelos.—Mexico (San Luis Potosí). Final 0 , often offsetting from below, densely spiny; Ri.
classification in Thelocactus had to await the 13, straight or ± spiralled, obtuse, tuberculate: Ar.
results of more recent investigations, i.e. verifi­ to 8 mm apart, white at first; Rsp. to c. 20.
cation of Sc. on FI. and Fr. radiating, projecting, ± pectinate, stout, mostly -
reddish-yellow, densely interlacing, the upper ones
T. schmollii Werd.: Thelocactus leucacanthus v. longest and appearing more like Csp.; Csp. 1 at
schmolliiWerd. first, later 3^1, straight or slightly curving, bul-
bously thickened below, to 2 cm lg.; Sp. terete, an
T. schwarziiBackbg. attractive red on new growth, or all yellow, or
Bo. simple, oblong, to 6 cm h., c. 5.5 cm 0 , bluish- yellow and red; FI. red.—E. Mexico. Close to T.
green; Ri.c. 13, + completely resolved into Tub.; bicolor, but the Sp. are not flattened and the habit
Ar.oblong, whitish;Rsp. 13-14,curving + towards is more slender; however this spec, could still be
the Bo., yellowish, sometimes red below at first, 3 regarded as a variety of T. bicolor.

490
 THELOCACTUS-TOUMEYA

T. ysabelae K. Schlange and v. brevispinus K. white Sp., the Csp. sometimes bristly-fine and
Schlange: Gymnocactus ysabelae (K. Schlange) white, at most with slightly reddish tips, the basal
Backbg. and v. brevispinus(K. Schlange) Backbg. hair-like Br. long, fine; this form already shows
intermediates to T. cullmannianus, or at least no
Thelocephala Y. Ito: Neochilenia Backbg. pro longer bears a close resemblance to the type-
parte. species. In f. paucicostatus the Ri. are more distant
and fewer, likewise the hairy Br. at the base of
Thelomastus Fric: only a name, applied to a young plants, while the Csp., apart from the
combination of Thelocactus (K. Sch.) Br. & R. with longest ones, are shorter.
Echinomastus Br. & R., which was also attempted
by other authors. More recent investigations have T. cullmannianusRitt.
enabled the two genera to be more clearly Bo.to over 2 m h., greyish-green, scarcely offsetting
delimited; in any event, each consists of a from below; St.to 6 cm 0 ; Ri. 18-24; Ar.whitish;
characteristic group of species. Sp. not recognisable as Rsp. and Csp., to 90-120,
white, very fine, more central ones often red-tipped,
mostly 1-2 rather stouter and directed upwards,
Thrixanthocereus Backbg. (178) yellowish or brownish-yellow to brown; Ceph.to 4
cm br.; Ar. light brown; Br.-Sp.hair-line, mingled
Slender Cerei, mostly simple, rarely branching from with one or two darker ones (acc. photo, Cull-
the base, with numerous finely tuberculate ribs, mann), sometimes also + brownish; FI. to 6 cm lg.;
bearing a long-decurrent, superficial cephalium Fr. to 2.25 cm lg.; S. dark brown, as in the type-
which even later is only moderately sunken and species.—N. Peru (Cajamarca). (Fig. 434.)
does not arise from a seam-like depression, or Since the type-spec, is more strongly variable than
one extending to the stem’s axis; this cephalium would appear to be the case from previously
consists of stiffly erect hairs interspersed with published literature, while the seeds of the two
longer bristles; young plants have a basal ring of preceding spec, also resemble one another, T.
bristles, as in Micranthocereus Backbg. The berry­ cullmannianus is more probably a local form
like fruits are hairy, and dehisce by means of several which, together with f. albidior, is referable to the
longitudinal tears; the seeds vary much in complex of the type-spec.
appearance—a further proof of the fact that seeds
are an unsatisfactory means towards classification; T. senilisRitt.
those of the type-species resemble Astrophytum, Bo. slender, columnar, completely enveloped in
i.e. they are brownish, fairly soft and have a large dense fine white Br.; Ri. (14—)18, low, slightly
hilum, while in another species they are firm, small tuberculate; Ar.crowded, white; Sp. not recognis­
and black. The nocturnal flowers remain open for able as Rsp. or Csp., numerous, to over 60, fine,
some time during the succeeding day and have a white, apical ones tipped reddish-brown to darker,
tube with fairly long hairs.—Distribution: N. Peru, occasional Csp. later appearing, these longer to
at higher altitudes in the Andes. [(R); grafting fairly long and stout, horn-coloured, developing
hastens growth, but the spination then becomes earlier on plants grafted on a vigorous stock; FI.to
more open.] 6 cm lg., to 4 cm 0 , purple; Ceph.brown; S.black,
round, firm, 1.5 mm lg.—N. Peru. (Fig. 435.)
T.blossfeldiorum(Werd.) Backbg. (T.) Ritter says the type-spec, has “seeds scattered by
Bo. simple, rarely branching from below, to c. 3 m the wind”, but this is fictitious; if true, why does the
h.; St.to 7cm 0 ; Ri. 18-25,low, fairly narrow; Ar. second spec, not have them as well? The question
c. 5mm apart, with flocky white wool at first; Rsp. remains open as to why quite different types of
c. 20-25, thin-acicular, to 8 mm lg., hyaline; Csp. seeds should occur within one and same genus (as
typically c. 7,1-2 of these longer, 1often to c. 3 cm also happens in Gymnocalycium, Parodia, etc.);
lg., all dark brown at first, soon in part greying, presumably this is associated with genetic processes
strong-acicular to thin-subulate, variable, some­ and has nothing to do with “suitability for the
times much lighter to whitish and fine; Ceph. with purpose” of the seed-shape. The same comments
yellowish-white wool interspersed with hyaline Br. are also applicable to Ritter’s term “wind-scattered
and others which are darker, stiffer, to c. 5cm lg.; fruits”, which he uses elsewhere.
FI. c. 6 cm lg., funnelform, rotate, yellowish to
cream-coloured, the lowest Sc. with an awn-like
extension; Fr. greenish.— N. Peru (Huancabamba Tourney a Br. & R (206)
and Olmos valleys). (Fig. 430-433.)
While the plant is variable, two forms are more Very small plants, mostly solitary, with papery
clearly distinguishable: f. albidior with dense, fine. flattened spines which are longer persistent. The
491
 TOUMEYA-TRICHOCEREUS

bellshaped to cylindric flowers open only grouping plants, in both cases showing a
moderately wide; the ovaries bear ± scattered little columnar habit, any generic delimitation based on
scales, in part also with small spines above, these growth-form and floral characters is difficult (see
resembling those on the plant-body. The fruit is also the introductory remarks to Echinopsis).
fairly dry, spherical, thin-membranous, with 1-2 Nevertheless the relative groups of species, like
residual scales above, and dehisces by longitudinal those from Chile, are so clearly distinct that a
tears. L. Benson has united the rare species of this conventional segregation of Echinopsis and Tri­
monotypic genus with Pediocactus (see under the chocereus became inevitable, in order to overcome
latter), but comparisons of the two plants in flower, the extremely difficult consequences resulting from
with the flowers in Toumeya borne centrally, show unification; this consideration should be given due
so little resemblance that their unification is quite weight in other similar cases. At one time the
arbitrary (see again under Pediocactus).—Dis­ Helianthocereus species also were included in
tribution: USA (New Mexico and N. Arizona, Trichocereus—the tall-growing species despite
occurring only singly, and hard to find). [(G).) their uniformly divergent habit, and the lower-
Helia Bravo and Marshall have united Turbini- growing ones irrespective of the fact that, like all
carpus with this genus, probably because the former members of Helianthocereus, they have diurnal
also shows flexible spines; but the flowers, and the flowers which are also brightly coloured; con­
naked berry-fruits with their different type of sequently there was continuing uncertainty as to
dehiscence, are completely dissimilar; unification where they should be referred. But here again,
ignores the fact that Nature has created in segregation has proved beneficial; and a similar
Turbinicarpus a clearly distinguishable group of delimitation can usefully be carried out within the
species, with genetically identical characters. The Genus Trichocereus, since the flowers of the
Toumeya-combinations of the above authors will Chilean species, which in some cases remain open
thus be found here under Turbinicarpus F. Buxb. & for several days, are also more bellshaped-
Backbg. funnelform:
SG.l: Trichocereus: Flower-length averaging 18
T. krainziana Frank: Turbinicarpus krainzianus cm;
(Frank) Backbg. SG.2: Medioeulychnia Backbg.: Flower-length
averaging 10 cm, flowers (in part) remain­
T. papyracantha (Eng.) Br. & R. ing open for several days.
Bo. to 10 cm h., 2.5 cm 0 , rarely offsetting from the The figures in brackets after the different specific
base or from the Ar. except in grafted plants which names refer to the appropriate subgenus. The fruits
sometimes offset very freely; Ri. made up entirely of Trichocereus are only insignificantly different
of conical Tub.; Rsp. c. 5-9, mostly 3^1 mm lg., from those of Echinopsis since, at most, they are
white, terete or 1 or more flattened and thin; Csp. only slightly larger, spherical or oblong, almost
normally 4, cruciform, to 2 cm lg., occasionally to 5 always green and hairy, rarely reddish—and this
cm lg., papery, flat, sometimes + furrowed; FI. c. too occasionally occurs in Echinopsis. The seeds,
2.2 cm lg., 1.25 cm 0 , with a satiny sheen, white; so far as known, are black, rarely dark brown.—
Sti. 5-6, white; S. fairly large, smooth, black, Distribution: from Ecuador to S. Central Argen­
keeled, with a large hilum.—USA (New Mexico; tina, and in Chile. [(R).] For any specific names not
N. Arizona), (Fig. 436.) found here, see under Helianthocereus.
The papery Sp. persist, even on old plants; Csp. are
at first often slightly brownish, soon becoming T. bridgesii (SD.) Br. & R. (1)
greyish-whitish. Bo. forming a tall branching shrub to 5 m h., pale
green, + frosted; branches to 15 cm 0 ; Ri. 4-8.
rounded, later flatter; Sp. 2-6, yellowish, acicular
Trichocereus (Berg.) Rice. (86) to subulate, dissimilar, to 10 cm lg., shorter in
cultivated plants; FI. 18 cm lg., white; Fr. oblong, 6
A genus of columnar cacti of very variable size, cm lg.—Bolivia (La Paz).
sometimes very large to tree-like, others forming
only low colonies. The spination is equally IT. cajasensis (FR 869): no description available.
variable. The constant character is the funnelform
shape of the nocturnal flowers, this in some cases T. carmarguensis Card. (1)
being fairly long, while others have a stouter tube, Bo. columnar, to 50 cm h.; branches + curving,
but in form and hair-development they quite ascending, light green; Ri. 14, very low; Rsp.
closely resemble Echinopsis. Since one species of 12-13, radiating, to 3 cm lg.; Csp. 2-3, to 5 cm lg.:
the latter genus is known to attain a height of 1.5 m, Sp. all acicular, yellow or ash-coloured; FI. to 20
while Trichocereus includes quite low-growing cm lg., white; Sep. purplish-green; Tu. and Ov.
492
 TRICHOCEREUS

with brown and white H.; Fr.spherical to ovoid, 2 T.chalaensisRauh & Backbg. (1)
cm 0 ; S. dark brown, glossy.—Bolivia (Cinti, Bo. with erect branches, to 4 m h.; branches
near Camargo). Appears closely to resemble T. swelling during the foggy season to 15 cm 0 ; Ri.8,
strigosus. c. 2 cm br., w'ith a transverse furrow above the Ar.,
this furrow with a plane surface above and below;
T campos-portoi Werd.: Arthrocereus campos- Rsp. 6-10, to 1 cm lg.; Csp. 2-3, to 5 cm lg., dark
portoi(Werd.) Backbg. brown at first, or blackish above; FI. 17 cm lg., 10
cm br.; Tu.2 cm thick, with black H.; Sep.wine-red
T.candicans(Gill.) Br. & R. (1) above, green at midway; Pet.white; Sti.white.—S.
Bo. erect or upcurving, to 75 cm lg., yellowish- Peru (8 km S. of Chala).
green, forming colonies to 3 m br.; branches 8-12
cm 0 or more; Ri. 9-11, broad, low; Ar. large, T.chilensis(Colla) Br. & R. (2)
white; Rsp. 10-12, to 4 cm lg.; Csp. mostly 4 Bo.columnar, branching from the base, to over 3 m
recognisable as such, to 8 cm lg.; all Sp. fairly h.; branches numerous, stout; Ri. to 16-17, low,
stoutly subulate to stoutly acicular, yellowish or broad, tuberculate; Rsp. 8-12, to 4 cm lg.; Csp. 1,
horn-coloured, spreading; FI.to 20cm lg., strongly short, to 4-7(-12) cm lg.; Sp. amber at first, or
perfumed, white; Fr. ellipsoid-spherical.— blackish, tobacco-brown or intermediate shades,
Argentina (Mendoza; Cordoba), later whitish-grey, often darker-tipped; FI.to 14 cm
v. courantii K. Sch. (Cereus): see under Tri- lg., concolorous white; Sep. reddish or brownish-
chocereuscourantii(K. Sch.) Backbg.; white; Sti. cream; Fr. spherical.—Chile (Prov.
v. gladiatus (Lem.) Berg.: Bo. bluish to pale Atacama to Prov. Curic'o, with a distribution
green, to 65 cm h., little branching; branches to measuring 600 km from N. to S.).
14cm0;Ri. to 11; Ar.large; Rsp.to 13,to5cm A very variable spec., hence the many synonymous
lg.; Csp. 1-4, to over 7.5 cm lg.; Sp. more names for forms. The specific name was first
subulate, yellow, often banded red, or red below, written as “chiloensis” ; acc. Skottsberg this could
sometimes twisted; be regarded as an incorrect spelling of a geographi­
v. roseoflorus Backbg., on the basis of most cal name, and could therefore be amended (the
recent information, is referable to the spec, plant certainly does not grow in Chiloe); the
described here for the first time: Helianthocereus spelling “chilensis” was used by both Pfeiffer and
pseudocandicans Backbg. (see under the latter); Schumann.
v. tenuispinus (Pfeiff.) Backbg.: Bo. intense v. eburneus (Phil.) Marsh, appears to be more
bluish-green, less freely branching, to 85 cm h., justifiable as a variety; Bo.stouter; Sp.brownish
to c. 13 cm 0 ; Ri.9-11, to 4 cm br. below; Rsp. at first, soon becoming ivory-white; FI.pink, or
12-13; Csp. 104); Sp. faded yellow, brownish- suffused pink (Marshall, Borg).
red below, all thin and rather short; FI.white. The spec, has at times been confused with T.
litoralis (Joh.) Loos., also from Chile, which it
T. cephalomacrostibas(Werd. & Backbg.) Backbg. somewhat resembles; T. litoralis has yellowish Sp.
(2) which are appreciably shorter, while the FI. are
Bo. in dense groups to 2 m h.; St. to 10 cm 0, believed to remain open for several days.
greyish-green; Ri. 8, broad, thickened around the
Ar. which are divided by transverse furrows and I T. chuquisacanus (FR 863A): no description
are to 1.5 cm lg. and br., thickly brown-felty, I available.
prominent, very crowded at the apex; Rsp.to c. 20,
very short, subulate; Csp. 1— 3(— 4), very stout, to 12 T. coquimbanus (Mol.) Br. & R. (2)
cm lg., dark brown at first, later faded grey, Bo. prostrate or decumbent, forming large col­
sometimes angular and channelled, rather curving onies; St.to 1.2 m lg., to 10 cm 0 ; Ri. to 14; Ar.
and variously projecting, in part interlacing; FI.to large, round, shortly woolly; Sp. to c. 20, very
c. 12 cm lg., white, c. 10 cm 0 (acc. photo, x 0.5 dissimilar, Csp.scarcely differentiated, sometimes 1
magnification, by Akers in C. & S. J. [US], XX: 9, longer, stoutly subulate, to over 5.5 cm lg., shortest
131. 1948, Fig. 98); Fr. oblong-spherical, reddish Sp. only c. 12 mm lg., all terete, grey, dark-tipped;
or yellowish-orange.—S. Peru (above Mollendo). FI.to 12 cm lg., white, fairly strongly black-hairy;
This spec, has been compared with Weberbauero- Fr. spherical, green, 5 cm 0 . —Chile (Prov.
cereus but the FI. are much larger or wider. Rauh is Coquimbo, along the coast).
correct in stating that this spec, is close to
Weberbauerocereus—but the same could be said of T. courantii(K. Sch.) Backbg. (1)
all the SG. Medioeulychnia. It is a group within Bo.erectly columnar, to 35 cm h., over 7 cm 0 , dull
Trichocereus which is intermediate to the closely green, offsetting from the base; Ri.c. 10;Rsp. 9-11
related Genus Weberbauerocereus. and more, finally to c. 20, faded yellow to brownish;

493
TRICHOCEREUS

Csp. 1-4,similarly coloured, darker and thickened The following characters are common to both
below; FI. 24 cm lg., rose-scented.—Argentina spec.: areolar felt becoming darker with age,
(Bahia Blanca; Rio Negro; Rio Colorado). number and length as well as colour and thickness
Acc. Spegazzini, old plants can be 1.5 m h.; this of spination, transverse notching over the Ar..
spec, is one of the best and most robust grafting- overall height of mature plants, and above all even
stocks. the locality; small divergences of FI.-size and
number of Sp. are well within the normal range,
T.cuzcoensisB.& R. (1) and no genuine differences can be recognised. It
Bo. erect, to 6 m h., densely branching, light green should also be recalled that Werdermann probably
at first; Ri. 7-8, low, rounded; Ar. to only 1.5 cm made his description from dried material. Before
apart; Sp.numerous, to 12, very stout, to 7 cm lg., any description of a new spec., a comparison
thickened below, subulate, yellow; FI.c. 14 cm lg., should obviously have been made with the living
white.—Peru (Cuzco region). type-material, but this is believed to have been
destroyed in Dahlem. What is the point of
T. damazioi (K. Sch.) Werd.: Arthrocereus dam- depositing type-material and making a new de­
azioi(K. Sch.) Berg. scription unless a check is made as to identity with
any previously described spec.? This shows the
T.deserticolus(Werd.) Loos (2) special effectiveness of the differential diagnosis
Bo. branching from below, becoming 1-1.5 m h.; with its brevity and emphasis on essential data,
Ri.8-10, deeply incised, 1.5-2.5 cm h., with distinct since similarities are then more speedily recognised
furrows above the Ar.; Ar.to 1.5 cm apart, covered than would be possible by means of a long
with dark woolly felt; Rsp.irregular, c. 15-25, thin- descriptive text. I mention the point here to show
subulate, 1-1.5 cmlg., dark to grey; Csp. 1-3, to 12 why I have never considered the deposition of type-
cm lg., sometimes rather curving; FI. 7-8 cm lg., material to be a sufficient answer in itself, without
pure white, with dark wool outside.—Chile (near adequate verification. Close-up photographs, es­
Taltal). Acc. Werd.: “related to C. nigripilis”. See pecially those in colour, clear differentiation and
Tricho. fulvilanus Ritt. adequate habitat photographs are, overall, prefer­
able to earlier methods, and this case proves my
T. escayachensis Card.: Helianthocereus escaya- point. Moreover a descriptive text together with
chensis(Card.) Backbg. photo, reproduced in printed form, is an insurance
against loss, easily understood internationally, and
T. fasicularis (Mey.) Br. &R.: Weberbauerocereus also more readily available to all interested parties.
fascicularis(Mey.) Backg.
T. gladiatus (Lem.) Backbg.: Trichocereus can-
T. fulvilanus Ritt.—“Kakt. u.a. Sukk.”, 13: 10, dicansv. gladiatus(Lem.) Berg.
165-167. 1962 (2)
Bo. branching from the base, grass-green to T. glaucus Ritt.—Kakt. u.a. Sukk., 13: 11.
greyish-green, 1-1.5 m h. and more; branches 4-7 180-181. 1962(1)
cm 0 ; Ri. 8-12(-13), obtuse, notched across half Bo. forming a bush 1-2 m h., branching from the
the width; Ar. shortly oval, to 1.25 cm lg., with base; branches 5-8 cm 0 , first bluish then greyish-
orange to reddish or yellowish felt at first, later green; Ri.7-9, notched; Ar.grey, 1-2 cm apart, to
brownish black (light brownish in seedlings, then 7.5 mm lg.; Sp.black, greying; Rsp.7-10, to 1.5 cm
becoming whitish from the base upwards: lg., stoutly acicular, somewhat flattened, some­
Backbg.); Sp. dark brown at first, greying; Rsp. times also brown; Csp. 3-6, 2-8 cm lg., + erect:
9-12, dissimilar, thinner to subulate, mostly 1.5-3 FI. 13-19 cm lg., perfumed, white or delicate pink:
cm lg.; Csp. 2— 4(— 6), spreading, 3-10 cm lg., Pet. to 2 cm br.; Sep. pink to ± blood-red; Tu.
occasionally to 18 cm lg., stouter-subulate (judging greyish-green; nectarybrownish, to 2.3 cm lg.; style
by a photo of Ritter’s), later with the upper Sp. pale green; Fil. white, greenish below; Fr. grass-
often finer (as also in several spec, of SG. green, 4 cm lg., pulp white; S. 1.2 mm lg., weakly-
Medioeulychnia); FI. apical, 9-12 cm lg., 7-9 cm glossy, black.—Peru (Dept. Arequipa, along the
0 , perfumed;Tu.with black H.;Ov.with grey and lower Rio Tambo, on mountains and in the region
black H.; stylelight green; Fr.green, spherical, c. 4 of Ilo) (FR 270). (T. uyupampensis v. glaucus?).
cmjgf;S. ± matt black, 1.2 mm lg.—Chile (Taltal, v. (forma Ritt.) pendensRitt.—l.c.: Bo. hanging,
or from Chanaral to El Cobre). or inclined and ascending; FI., Fr. and S.
When one considers that the Chilean spec, can be unknown.—Chile (coastal cliff's near Arica) (T.
very variable in form—T. chilensis, indeed, shows uyupampensis Backbg. ?).
wide variablity—then T. fulvilanus cannot be Acc. Ritter, this is a survival, only 3 plants
regarded as more than a form of T. deserticolus. having been found. In view of the unusual habit.
494
 TRICHOCEREUS

and the fact that many characters are found in Bo.erect, as robust as T. spachianus, glossy intense
common, these may have been representatives of green; Ri.rounded, c. 11-12 at first; Rsp. 7 at first,
T. uyupampensis which perhaps once had a later more numerous; Csp. 1 at first, later 4,
much more southerly distribution but, because cruciform; Sp.yellow below at first, brown above,
of the increasing desiccation of the intervening later light-coloured; FI. 15.5 cm lg., 12-14 cm 0,
areas (Ritt.), it has since disappeared there; it is white; Sep.narrow, olive-brown; Pet.broader; Sti.
the only prostrate or hanging plant of the sort in 2 cm lg., yellowish-greenish; Tu. with greyish-
S. Peru. If my assumption is correct, the type of brown H.—E. Bolivia (precise locality not known).
T. uyupampensis would need to be re-designated (Fig. 438.)
a variety, as shown above. The spec, regarded here as the true T. lamp­
rochlorus, which was found by Cardenas and
probably also by Ritter, is glossy intense green,
T. grandiflorusBackbg. n.sp. (1) with rounded Ri. The Sp. are fewer in number at
Somewhat like T. camarguensis. Bo.slender, erect ; first, and only 1 Csp. is present. Later the spine-
St not as stout as in T. spachianus; Sp. concol- count of the original description is attained, and the
orous yellowish, + equal, Csp.little projecting ; FI. Csp. are cruciform. The flowering plant shown in
enormous, white, c. 17 cm lg., 23 cm 0; Tu. and Fig. 1084, in “Die Cact.”, II, p. 1127, is another
Ov. with brown H .; Sep. linear, brownish-olive; spec., sometimes held to be identical with T.
Pet.broadly spatulate, c. 3 cm br. ; throat,Fil.and lamprochlorus but in fact differing strongly from it
the lower part of the stylelight green ; Sti.c. 15, 1.6 (see also under T. grandiflorus Backbg. n.sp.).
cm lg. Nectary absent (!).—Bolivia (no more
precise locality known). (Fig. 437.) T.litoralis(Joh.) Loos. (2)
The spec, can be seen in the Botanical Garden of Bo.columnar, erect, or arching over and then erect
"Les Cèdres”, St. Jean, Cap Ferrât; it may have again; St. to 12 cm 0, dark to greyish-green; Ri.
been found by Ritter, or it may be the spec. mostly 21, moderately prominent and ± tuber-
Cardenas regarded as T. lamprochlorus. culate; Ar. 1 cm apart; Rsp. 9-20, thin-subulate,
radiating; Csp.(l-)5-8, dissimilar, thicker, to 2 cm
T. huascha (Web.) Br. & R. : Helianthocereus lg. or more; Sp.honey-coloured at first, later grey;
huascha(Web.) Backbg. FI. 12-14 cm lg., 10 cm 0, rather curving, white,
with dark H.—Chile (Aconcagua, coast N. of
Valparaiso). FI. said to remain open for 5 days.
T. knuthianusBackbg. ( 1)
Bo. eventually tree-like, in age with a longer T. macrogonus (SD.) Rice. (1) (T.)
subterete trunk, to 3 m h. ; branches to 10 cm 0, Bo. eventually over 2 m h., bluish-green, branch­
frosted, brilliant light bluish-green; Ri. c. 7, ing; branches to c. 7 cm 0, ± frosted at first; Ri.
rounded, to 3 cm br. ; Rsp. 7 ; Csp. 1, to 10 cm lg., it mostly 7, rounded, + depressed over the Ar.; Ar.
and the Rsp. soon becoming concolorous whitish- 1.5 cm apart, grey; Rsp.6^9, radiating, subulate, to
grey although tipped yellowish at first; Ar. large, 2 cm lg.; Csp. 1-3, rather stouter and longer; Sp.all
with much felt; FI. large, white.—Peru (upper horn-coloured to brown, later blackish or dark
course of the Rio Maranon). grey or greyish-brown; FI.to 18 cm lg., white; Fr.5
cm 0, rather broadly spherical; S.black, glossy.—
T. lamprochlorus (Lem.) Backbg. n.comb. (Cereus Origin? Never re-collected. A robust grafting
lamprochlorus Lem., Cact. Aliqu. Nov., 30. 1838, stock.
non T. lamprochlorus sensu Britton & Rose) (1 ).
Acc. the original diagnosis : “Ri.15 ;Sp.stiff, sharp, T. manguiniiBackbg. (1)
± reddish-brown, translucent yellow when young, Bo. erect, branching freely from below, dark
brown-tipped; Rsp. 12-15, 6-9 mm lg.; Csp. 4, greyish-green; branches to 95 cm h., to 11 cm 0 ;
cruciform, longer, stouter, lowest one downcurv- Ri.18-20; Ar.slightly sunken; Rsp.c. 11; Csp.to 5,
ing, 2.7-3 cm lg. ; FI.and Fr.not known”.—Bolivia to 4mm lg.; all Sp.brownish; FI.to 16 cm lg., very
(acc. Rümpler). broad, white; Sep. reddish-brown.—NE. Argen­
Obviously this plant has been confused with T. tina or Paraguay?
neolamprochlorus since the time of Salm-Dyck, Earlier often confused with T. schickendantzii, the
hence my repeating the description below. Britton latter with FI. (Sep.) green outside; T. shaferi is
and Rose recognised that more than one spec, was lighter green, with fewer Ri. and Sp.
involved. In the Botanical Garden at “Les Cedres”,
I saw the true spec., which has a conspicuously T. neolamprochlorusBackbg. (1)
glossy green epidermis (hence the name “lampro­ Bo. forming colonies, branching from the base,
chlorus”) : moderately tall, mostly to c. 50 cm h., glossy, light
495
TRICHOCEREUS

green, later more dirty green; stems to 8 cm 0 ; first; FI. to 15 cm lg., white, with brownish-black
Ri. 9-10, rounded, with transverse depressions; Sp. H. —Peru (above Puquio).
15-18, radiating in all directions, pale yellow,
reddish below; Rsp. fine, stiff'; 4 Sp. recognisable as T. purpureopilosus Wgt. (1)
Csp., cruciform, stouter, to 2 cm lg.; FL c. 24 cm lg., Bo. forming low colonies, branching from below,
16 cm 0 , white; Sep. narrow, red, recurved; Fr. semi-prostrate and ascending; branches to 32 cm
oblong-spherical, green, sparsely hairy.-NW. lg., dark leaf-green, to 6.5 cm 0 ; Ri. 12, low; Rsp.
Argentina (Jujuy [Kuntze] and (?) Mendoza, to 20, thin, to 7 mm lg.; Csp. mostly 4, cruciform, or
Córdoba). Long confused with T. lamprochlorus. 5, 3-7 mm lg,; all Sp. light horn-coloured, carmine
and thickened below; FI. c. 21 cm lg., white with a
T. nigripilis (Phil.) Backbg. (2) pink sheen; Sep. carmine.—Argentina (Sierra de
Bo. erect to prostrate and then ascending; St. to 1 Cordoba).
m lg., to 6-7 cm 0 ; Ri. to c. 12; Ar. dark grey, 1 cm
lg.; Rsp. c. 12, radiating, to 11 mm lg., grey, darker T. randallii Card.: Helianthocereus randallii
above, reddish when seen against the light; Csp. 6, (Card.) Backbg.
laterals to 1.5 cm lg., upper and lower Sp. to 2.8 cm IT. riomizquensis (FR 856); no description avail-
lg., sometimes rather angular below, or more
flexible, coloured as the Rsp.; FI. c. 6.5 cm lg., Iable.
white, with many black H.—Chile (Coquimbo). T. rubinghianus Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill:
[Haage says: T. nigripilis (Phil.) Backbg.: an 15. 1963(1)
unclarified species, referred by Ritter in part to T. Bo. erect, over 3 m h., dark green; St. to c. 8 cm 0 :
serenanus Ritt., in part to T. spinibarbis (SD.) Ri. c. 16-17, moderately h., not very br., with
Ritt., whereas he amended Eulychnia spinibarbis transverse depressions present also on the flanks:
Br. & R. to Eulychnia longispina (SD.) Ritt.] Sp. to c. 8, mostly extending sideways and
forwards, scarcely overtopping the Ri., some
T. pachanoi Br. & R. (1) more central, scarcely longer, more clearly porrect.
Bo. ± tree-like, to 6 m h.; branches numerous, all Sp. acicular, yellowish to horn-coloured; FI.
bluish-green, frosted at first; Ri. 6-8, broad, large, numerous, slightly creamy to white; Pet.
rounded, with transverse depressions over the Ar.; rather broad, apiculate; Sep. much narrower,
Sp. 3-7, dissimilar, to 2 cm lg., dark yellow to greenish-white, decurved; Fil. and style white; Sti.
brown; Sp. mostly completely absent on cultivated numerous, thin, long, yellowish; Tu. and Ov. with
plants, which is the reason why this excellent stock blackish H.; Fr. oblong, 5x4 cm, green; S. weakly
is well-liked for grafting; FI. to 23 cm lg., white, glossy, black, c. 1.2 mm lg.—Origin ? Material said
with blackish H.—Ecuador (Chanchan valley). to have come from the Faust collection at Blanes.
Some 30 years ago I was responsible for intro­ Spain, but now no longer there. Plant very vigorous
ducing this spec., which is now regarded as the best and floriferous. Clearly distinguishable from any
grafting stock. other spec, because of its dark green, fairly low and
narrow Ri., and the relatively short fine Sp. (Fig.
T. pasacana (Web.) Br. & R.: Helianthocereus 439.) The plant is illustrated in “Die Cact.”, VI.
pasacana (Web.) Backbg. 3708, 1962 (Fig. 3364).
T. peruvianus Br. & R. (1) T.santaensis Rauh & Backbg. (1)
Bo. erect at first, then arching over or even Bo. branching from the base, to 5 m h., greyish-
prostrate, to 7 m lg., bluish-green, frosted; St. to 20 green, slightly frosted; branches to 15 cm 0 ; Ri. 7.
cm 0 ; Ri. 6-8, broadly rounded, with a V-shaped broad, flat, with a V-notch over the Ar. ; Rsp. 2-3.
notch over the Ar.; Ar. large, brown-woolly; Rsp. 2-3 cm lg., brownish; Csp. mostly 1, to 4 cm lg..
6-8, to 1 cm lg.; Csp. mostly 1, to 4 cm lg.; Sp. coloured similarly; FI. ?; buds with black H.—
honey-coloured below, darker above; Fi. very Central Peru (Rio Santa valley, Puente Bedoya. c.
large, white.—Peru (near and above Matucana, on 3000 m).
the Central Peruvian Andean railway).
T. santiaguensis (Speg.) Backbg. (1)
T. puquiensis Rauh & Backbg. (1) Bo. tree-like, to 7 m h., trunk cylindric; branches
Bo. branching, erect, to 4 m h., bluish-green; ascending, 6-10 cm 0 , matt yellowish to pale
branches to 15 cm 0 ; Ri. 8-10; Ar. c. 1 cm lg., not green; Ar. white at first, to 1.5 cm apart; Sp.
surmounted by a transverse furrow but surrounded slightly recurved, lowest ones to 1 cm lg., upper
by a swelling; Rsp. to 10, 1-2 cm lg.; Csp. mostly 2, ones to 0.5 cmlg.; Csp. 1, stouter, 1-2 cm lg.; FI. to
1of these more erect, to 10cm lg.,the other directed 20 cm lg., unscented, white.—Argentina (Santiago
downwards, to 5-8 cm lg.; Sp. chestnut-brown at del Estero, near Icano, in woodlands).
496
 TRICHOCEREUS

T.schickendantzii(Web.) Br.& R. (1) and more, becoming thicker, finally stoutly col­
Bo. branching freely from the base to form groups umnar, younger plants very variable, Sp. either
to c. 25 cm h., intense green; branches curving short or longer, epidermis variously coloured, in­
upwards, to c. 6 cm 0 ; Ri. 14-18, only 5 mm h,, dividuals occasionally to 40 cm lg., + prostrate
with slight depressions between the Ar.; Rsp. 9 at and then ascending, mostly fresh green at first, later
first, later more; Csp. 2-8; all Sp. c. 5-10 mm lg., ± greyish-green, to 20 cm 0 in age; Ri.c. 15, later
yellowish, flexible; FI. to 22 cm lg., white; Sep. to 3 cm br.; Sp. very variable, c. 7-14 at first,
green; Tu. and Ov. with black H.; Fr. edible.— irregularly arranged, all thin, sharp, radiating,
NW. Argentina. Differentiated from T. manguinii acicular to finer, from whitish to deep golden-
by its lower habit, lighter epidermis and FI. which brown, sometimes flecked or dark below; FI.to 12
are green outside. cm lg., 12 cm 0 , white. Pet. in several series; Stl.
very long and thin.—N. Argentina (Quebrada
T.schoeniiRauh & Backbg. (1) Escoipe, upper part). (Fig. 440.)
Bo. branching irregularly from the base, to 3-4 m Flowered for the first time recently in Rubingh’s
h., greyish-green; branches 10-15 cm 0 ; Ri. 7, c. collection, Soestdijk, Holland, to provide the
1.5 cm br. and 1cm g.; Ar.yellowish-grey, 1 cm 0 , above floral data; this variable spec, was referred
2 cm apart, surmounted by a V-notch; Rsp. 6-8, for a time to Soehrensia because it closely
dissimilar, upper ones to 1.5 cm lg., lower ones to 5 resembles S. grandis in some characters; however,
cm lg.; Csp. 1-2, porrect or directed downwards, the FI. have now been seen to be quite dissimilar.
stout, to 7 cm lg.; Sp. leather-brown at first, later Since the tube of the above spec, is not very stout, it
tipped thus but otherwise grey; FI. c. 16 cm lg., could equally well remain under its first name
white, with blackish-brown H.—S. Peru (valley of (Echinopsis), but stouter old St. look more like
the Rio Majes, Chuquibamba, up to 3900 m). Trichocereus. The spec, thus belongs to the group
which represents a transition from Trichocereus to
I T. scopulicolus Ritt. (FR 991): no description Echinopsis. A similar situation occurs in some
I available. Chilean genera. These problems show that con-
vential differentiation, using established criteria, is
T.shaferiBr. & R. (1) sometimes a necessity since Nature—by processes
Bo. quite strongly branching, to c. 50 cm h., light which still remain to be studied—creates every
green; branchesto 12.5 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 14, 10-15 mm imaginable form, without any “classificatory
h.; Ar. 5-7 mm apart, white at first; Sp. c. 10, principle” such as we require for our systematic
acicular, to 1.2 cm lg., light yellow, Csp. not clearly arrangements. In general, delimitations of this kind
distinguishable as such; FI.to 18 cm lg., white, with reflect the facts of Nature, but demarcation still has
brown H.—Argentina (Salta, San Lorenzo, 1800 to be made in accordance with clear guide-lines. It
m). could also be argued for instance that Echinopsis
shaferi—a plant growing to 1.5 m h. and to almost
T. skottsbergjiBackbg. (2) 20 cm 0 , and completely trichocereoid in
Bo.branching from below, to 2m h., greyish-green; appearance—should be referred to Trichocereus.
branchesto 14 cm 0 ; Ri.to 14; Ar. greyish-black, 8
mm lg.; Rsp. c. 22-26, to 6.2 cm lg., spreading, IT. spachianoides Ritt. (FR 980): no description
flexible, bristly, scarcely sharp, horn-coloured to I available.
grey; Csp.3more clearly recognisable, to 12cm lg.,
light brown to grey; FI. to 12 cm lg., white, T. spachianus(Lem.) Rice. (1)
with dense but not long, mouse-grey H.—Chile Bo.branching from below, to over 2 m h.; branches
(Coquimbo, coast of Talinay; Frai Jorge), ascending, to over one meter lg., to over 6 cm 0 ;
v. breviatusBackbg.: Bo. to c. 1.6m h. or rather Ri. 10-15, rounded, fairly low; Ar. yellowish at
more; branches to 12 cm 0 ; Ri. to 16; Sp. first, later white; Rsp. 8-10, 6 mm to 1 cm lg.,
numerous, + hair-like in flowering Ar., to 40, acicular, stiff, sharp; Csp. 1(-3), stouter, longer; Sp.
mostly 1-3 longest ones to 6 cm lg., hair-like amber to brownish; FI. c. 20 cm lg., 15 cm 0 ,
ones only 6 mm lg., almost half the Sp. bristle­ white.—Argentina (Mendoza; San Juan; La
like, coloured as in the type; FI.c. 8 cm lg., white, Rioja; San Luis; Jujuy, and found here by Frau
with blackish H.—Chile (Coquimbo, Frai Muhr, near Leon).
Jorge). For a long time this was the most commonly used
grafting stock, and it still is so on the Riviera, etc.;
T. smrzianus (Backbg.) Backbg. n.comb. (Echin- however it is more readily exhausted and more
opsis smrziana Backbg., Kaktus-ABC, 219, 412. quickly becomes corky than T. pachanoi, which is
1935 (1) now preferred because it lacks sharp Sp.; the latter
Bo. spherical at first, later cylindric, to c. 16 cm h. does not lignify, grows in circumference with the
497
TRICHOCERJEUS

scion, readily accepts the latter, and is usually quite small, glossy.—Peru (above Tarma, to 3000 m).
spineless.
1T. tenuispinus (FR 616, 867) and its v. pajanalensis
T. strigosus(SD.) Br. & R. (1) I(FR 866, 871): descriptions not available.
Bo. offsetting from the base to form large colonies
to over 1 m br.; shootsto 60 cm h., to 6 cm 0 ; Ri. T. tephracanthus (Lab.) Borg: Roseocereus teph-
15-18, very low; Ar. fairly crowded, with dense racanthus(Lab.) Backbg.
white wool at first; Sp. scarcely differentiated into
Rsp. and Csp., acicular, variable in colour, from T.terscheckii(Parm.) Br. & R. (1)
white through yellow to pink, reddish-brown or Bo. eventually ± tree-like, to 12 m h., trunk to 45
black, numerous, sharp, 1-5 cm lg.; FI. white to cm 0 ; branchesparallel, ascending, over 15 cm 0 ,
delicate pink, to c. 20 cm lg., with brownish H.; S.2 intense green; Ri.8-14, to 4cm h.; Ar. 1.5 cm 0 , to
mm lg., glossy black.—W. Argentina (Mendoza; 3 cm apart; Sp. 8-15, subulate, to 8 cm lg., yellow:
San Juan). FI. 15-20 cm lg., c. 12 cm 0 , white, with brown
FI. reported as being either scented or unscented; H.—N. Argentina (Catamarca; La Rioja; Tuc-
the probability is that, as known in other spec., they uman; Salta; Jujuy).
are perfumed only at certain times. To distinguish v. montanus Backbg.: Branches obliquely as­
them from the purely white FI., those with a + cending, lighter green.—(Salta [Quebrada Es-
lilac-pink colour could be described as v. roseo- coipe]). Both plants are known to the natives as
albus (plants such as those in Monaco’s Jardin “Cardon grande” and Cardon del Valle” ; some
Exotique). of the habitats listed for the former may thus
apply only to the latter.
T.tacaquirensisVpl.) Card. (1)
Bo. mostly branching from the base, to 2.5 m h.; IT. terscheckioides Ritt. (FR 993): no description
branches fairly crowded, steeply ascending; Ri. Iavailable.
variable in number, 2 cm h.; Sp. numerous,
scarcely differentiated into Csp. and Rsp., ± T. thelegonoides(Speg.) Br. & R. (1)
bristle-like, especially at first, ± interlacing, Bo. with main St.to 6 m h., thick-cylindric, to 18
flexible, to 8 cm lg., those in the crown erect; Ar. cm 0 , branching above; branchesto 8 cm 0 ; Ri.to
large, round, white-felty; FI. to 20 cm lg., white.— 15, low, rounded, strongly tuberculate at first
Bolivia (Tacaquira). because of the transverse depressions between the
small, round Ar.; Sp. 8-10, 4-8 mm lg., bristly,
T.taquimbalensisCard. (1) yellow or brownish; FI. 20-24 cm lg., white,
Bo. simple, or branching from below or sometimes greenish outside.—N. Argentina (Jujuy, on dry
from the flank (naturally, or only if damaged?), to hills).
2.5 m h., lacking any trunk; branches robust, dark
green, to 15 cm 0 ; Ri.9; Ar. 1.5 cm apart, 1 cm 0 , T.thelegonus(Web.) Br. &R. (1)
whitish; Rsp. 8-13, radiating, subulate, to 2 cm lg.; Bo.prostrate and ± ascending, dark green; St.to 2
Csp. 1, porrect or directed downwards, stout, to 6 m lg., to 8 cm 0 ; Ri. 12-13, broad, rounded,
cm lg.; all Sp.thickened below, light brown at first, divided into distinctly 6-sided Tub.; Ar. round:
then grey; FI. to 23 cm lg., white, with dark brown Rsp.6-8, acicular, ± spreading, 1-2 cm lg.; Csp. 1.
FI.; Fr.4 cm 0 , dark green; S. + glossy black, 1.5 porrect, 2^4 cm lg.; Sp. brown at first, then grey ,
mm lg.—Bolivia (Cochabamba, Taquimbala). sometimes darker, to blackish, sometimes yel­
v. wilkeaeBackbg.: Rsp. to 2.5 cm lg., subulate, lowish ; FI. c. 20 cm lg., white, with lax light FI.: Fr.
in part stoutly so, appressed, curving, sometimes c. 5 cm lg., red, dehiscing laterally.—NW. Argen­
+ hooked; Csp. 4, thick-subulate, sometimes tina (Catamarca; Tucuman).
compressed below, much thickened below; Sp.
sometimes all dark at the base and the tip.— T. totorensis Ritt. (FR 990): description not
Bolivia (Tupiza). available.

T.tarmaensisRauh & Backbg. (1) T. totorillanus (FR 851), from Bolivia: description
Bo.branching from the base, to 2 m h., dark green; not available.
branches c. 10 cm 0 ; Ri. 8, to 2 cm br., rounded;
Ar.0.8 cm lg., grey, appearing more sunken above, T.trichosusCard. (1)
i.e. with a shallow, obliquely transverse depression; Bo. columnar, simple, + clavate, to only 1 m h .
Rsp. 2-5, 1-3 cm lg.; Csp. mostly 1, to 10 cm lg., greyish or bluish-green; Ri.9, broad, rather obtuse.
projecting horizontally; Sp.horn-coloured at first, 2 cm h.; Ar. 5 cm apart, triangular, to 2 cm br.
later grey; FI.white, with long H.; Fr.3-4 cm 0 ; S. (surmounted by a depression?), grey; Rsp. 4-6.
498
 TRICHOCEREUS

_-5.5 cm lg.;Csp. 1,projecting, to c. 7 cm lg.;all Bolivia(?). Long known in collections as Echin-

>p- subulate, grey, brown-tipped, thickened below; opsis valida Monv.
FL to 23 cm lg., white, with white and brown H.;
Sti. green, 2 cm lg.; Fr. with long H.; S. 2 mm lg., T.vollianusBackbg. (1)
matt, black.—Bolivia (Santa Cruz, on the road Bo. erectly shrubby, branching from the base,
^agunillas—Santa Cruz, 600 m). glossy, light green; branchesto 10 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 13,
rounded, to 7 mm br., 5mmh.; Ar. to 2.5 cm apart;
7 ;ropicus Ritt. n. nud.: Rauhocereus riosaniensis sp. 8-11, radiating, thin, sharp, to 7 mm lg.; Csp.
R
Backbg. 1, to 2.5 cm lg.; all Sp.amber-coloured; FI.to c. 12
cm lg., white; Fr. oblong, hairy.—Bolivia (Arque-
T. tulhuayacensisOchoa (1) Cochabamba).
Bo.to 2 m h., branching from low on the Bo., with a v. rubrispinusBackbg.: Sp.reddish-brown.
- a art trunk, dark green; branches to 12 cm 0 ; Ri. Resembles T. spachianus but glossy, and with
*7 >8( 9), to 1 cm h., to 3.5 cm br.; Ar.to 8 mm lg., opener spination; an excellent grafting stock except
eliowish at first, then grey, surmounted by a that the Sp. are very sharp.
. jrving depression, prominences sometimes red- T.werdermannianusBackbg. (1)
-ish: Rsp. 8, 1.5-2.5 cm lg.; Csp. 3-4, to 5.5(-8) Bo.forming a large tree, to over 5 m h., with a trunk
: m lg.; Sp.mostly directed downwards, longest one to 1 m lg. and 40 cm 0 ; Ri.c. 10 at first, later 14 or
more porrect, whitish-grey, otherwise yellowish at more, 2 cm h.; Ar.2.5 cm apart; Sp.on new growth
first, dark-tipped; FI. fairly large, stoutly fun- c. 10, Csp. scarcely differentiated, to 7 cm lg., later
r.elform, light pink, ivory-white towards the throat, increasing in number, all yellowish, horn-coloured
rith black and greyish-brown H.; Fr. 4.5 cm 0 , or brownish; FI.to 20 cm lg., white, with black and
dark green, with brownish H.; S. glossy, black.— white H.; Fr. 3.5 cm 0 ; S. 1.3 mm lg., rough.—S.
Peru (10 km from Huancayo, near Huachac, Bolivia (Tupiza, Charcoma valley, probably to
3400 m). Chuquisaca).
T.tunariensisCard. (1) There are several large Cerei which cannot with
Bo.shrubby, to 3 m h., branching from below, pale certainty be attributed either to Trichocereus or to
green: brancheserect, to 12 cm 0 below; Ri.16-21, Helianthocereus, in the absence of floral data.
-1.5cmh., 1.5-1.7cmbr.; Ar. 1cm apart, to 6 mm Some of them have a distant resemblance to
0 , grey; Sp. scarcely recognisable as Rsp. and Leucostele Backbg., but in Riviere’s collection this
Csp.. c. 17, radiating, to 5-6 cm lg., thin-acicular, latter is now enormous, offsetting from the base
fexible, longest ones directed downwards, all and developing bristly ovaries and fruits; these
dlowish; FI. 15-17 cmlg., white; Sep.purple; Tu. characters are not present in Helianthocereus. In
-nd Ov. with brown and black H.; Sti.yellowish; the possession of the well-known French botanist
Fr. spherical, 4 cm lg., 5 cm 0 , dark green, with Roland-Gosselin, who made a speciality of the
short, dark brown, black and white H., edible; S.2 succulent plants, there are several of these un­
mm lg., glossy, black.—Bolivia (Cercado, between clarified plants, with laxer but stronger Sp.; when
Yurac Kkasa and San Miguel, 3800m). they flower, they may prove to belong to Helian­
thocereus. In the absence of any description it is
T. uyupampensis Backbg. (1) impossible to say now whether they are identical
Bo. prostrate to pendant, to 2 m lg.; branchesto c. with the Cerei Fric called Trichocereus cephalopa-
3.5 cm 0 ; Ri.9, flat, narrow, slightly raised around sacana, with its v. albicephala; most likely these
:he small, light brown Ar.; Sp. 8-10, fine, irregu­ were members of Helianthocereus. On the other
larly directed, mostly 2-6 mm lg., darker, hand Trichocereus pasacana catamarcensis Fric,
pointing up and down; FI. c. 16 cm lg., white, undescribed, was probably Echinopsis gigantea R.
reddish outside.—S. Peru (Uyuparnpa, c. 3000 m). Mey., or Trichocereus terscheckii. T. pasacana
See also T. glaucus Ritt. inermis Fric, not described, was Echinopsis valida
Monv., now Trichocereus validus (Monv.) Backbg.
T.validus(Monv.) Backbg. (1)
Bo. becoming tree-like(?), known till now only as Mention must be made here of Trichoechinopsis
stout, erect columns, green; St.to 35 cm 0 ; Ri.c. imperialis hort., a hybrid raised by the American
10; Ar.fairly large above, to 3 cm apart; Sp.few or breeder Hummel: a cross between a Trichocereus
weak at the apex, developing later in the lower half and an Echinopsis (probably E. eyriesii); even
of the Ar.. pale yellow, sometimes darker above; small plants bear enormous white FL, and the plant
Rsp. 7-10, to 3.2 cm lg., the bottom one longest; is unusually quick-growing; it later becomes
Csp. 1-2, to 7 cm lg.; FI.to 14 cm lg., white, with completely ceroid in habit and grows quite large,
light greyish-brown H.; Fr. ovoid, woolly.—SE. the spination resembling Echinopsis eyriesii. It is
499
X TRICHOECHINOPSIS—TU RBINICA RPUS

still found in several European collections and small genus, it is possible to have a clear mental
deserves to be more widely cultivated. image of a given group of characters, but an
omnibus genus leads to a blurred picture of any
diagnostic differences; and since not everyone who
Turbinicarpus (Backbg.) F. Buxb. is dealing with a given plant-name is able to work
& Backbg. (209) through the increasingly complicated literature,
everything speaks in favour of the first of the
A genus of small spherical cacti which I referred in alternatives stated above. For these reasons, I stand
1936 to Strombocactus as a subgenus, because at by the independent genus which Buxbaum chose in
that time I had not worked out the basis of my later 1937. All the species have relatively weak and ±
classification. F. Buxbaum then segregated the curving spines. The seeds are small, black, and
subgenus and gave it generic rank—absolutely either glossy or matt.—Distribution: Mexico
correctly, since these species have a very uniform (Tamaulipas and predominantly in San Luis
set of characters: flowers with slender naked tubes Potosí). [(R); grafting hastens growth and in­
or at most with traces of scales on the upper part of creases floriferousness.]
the tube, the berries naked, fleshy, all apparently
with a tiny lid; see Fig. 2711-2721 in “Die Cact.”, T. klinkerianus Backbg. & Jacobs.
V: 2883-2890. 1961; the unification of a larger Bo. small, to 3 cm h., 4 cm 0, ± depressed-
complex of species such as Toumeya Br. & R. with spherical, matt, light grey to brownish-green:
a monotypic genus is clearly unjustifiable, parti­ crown ± white-woolly; Ri. divided into spiralled
cularly since the floral structure of the latter is Tub., these expanded laterally at the base; Ar.with
noticeably divergent. L. Benson recently again a small tuft of wool, this soon dropping; Sp. 3
united Toumeya with Navajoa, Utahia and Pil- along the lower margin of the Ar., the bottom one
ocanthus in Pediocactus, admittedly without longer, at most 9 mm lg., above that 2 smaller ones,
mentioning the inclusion of Turbinicarpus in mostly soon dropping, all Sp. curving gently
Toumeya by H. Bravo and Marshall. Surprisingly, towards the apex, compressed below, fairly weak,
F. Buxbaum has again changed his mind because with transverse fissures; FI. c. 1.4 cm lg. and br..
he and Krainz now regard the species of Turbini­ concolorous white inside, with a dark M.-stripe
carpus as belonging to Toumeya; and recently outside.—Mexico (Tamaulipas). [Haage amends
Frank described a plant, known for a long time but the locality to: San Luis Potosí]. Krainz unites this
never named, as “Toumeya krainziana”. What will spec, with T. schmiedickeanus, but the latter is
these authors do now, when confronted with the oblong in shape (not broadly spherical), its Sp. are
Genus Pediocactus Br. & R. sensu lato L. Benson? longer and more strongly interlacing, while the FI
Since the latter includes species with various types is pink with a violet M.-stripe. The diagnostic
of dehiscence, plants with harder or weak spines, characters must be noted with particular care in the
these early deciduous or not, and acc. H. Bravo and case of these dwarf cacti, so as to establish the exac:
Marshall also species with berry-fruits, then points of divergence and to ensure that the
logically other genera such as Obregonia, Az- information about them remains available; these
tekium and Lophophora should also be included. purposes are not served by inclusion in larger
In a situation like this, where each author is genera.
working along his own lines, in his own narrow
specialism, the result is utter confusion. The choice T.krainzianus(Frank) Backbg.
is clearly between the narrowly conceived genus, or Bo. shortly cylindric, dark green, sometimes
a continuation without demarcations of the caespitose, to 4 cm h., 3 cm 0 ; crown with white
“lumping” process, whereby the concept of a wool; Ri. 11, divided into Tub., these spiralled,
“type-species of a genus” loses all meaning. These conical above, rhomboid below; Sp. 6-8, ±
attempted combinations start an unwarranted twisted, 12-30 mm lg., flexible, not sharp
series of chain-reactions. It is worth noting—above yellowish-brown at first, dark-tipped, finally drop­
all in the face of the homogeneous character of the ping; FI. 2 cm lg., creamy yellow, greenish-cream
9 described species of Turbinicarpus—that the outside; Fr.3-5 mm 0 ; S. 1 mm lg.—Mexico.
smaller the plant-bodies in any species-complex, This spec, was not described until 25 years after its
the finer the differences must be. It is an important discovery.
part of the geobotanist’s task to make these clear.
The phylogeneticist’s approach may be quite T.lophophoroides(Werd.) F. Buxb. & Backbg.
different. Nevertheless some uniform and logical Bo. depressed-hemispherical, to 3.5 cm h., 4.5 cm
system of nomenclature is essential so that this can 0 , bluish-green, with a fairly stout taproot; graftec
be stabilised. Britton and Rose provided a sound plants offset more freely; crownwith plentiful wool.
basis. It should be stressed that in the case of the pierced by Sp.; Ri. spiralled, consisting of fairly

500
 TURBINICARPUS-UEBELMANNIA

■ ittened-rounded Tub., 4—6-sided below, to 12 mm transverse furrow between the Tub., this +
. in grafted plants often + confluent below; Sp. flattened above and below ; Rsp. on young plants to
2— 3<—4), to 8 mm lg., 1 of these more central, c. 10(—12), either light horn-colour and darker
r.raight, erect, to 1 cm lg., all Sp. black at first, orabove, or whitish, to black-tipped, sometimes
hite, tipped black; FI. 3.5 cm 0 , whitish, tinged a concolorous white, radiating sideways, later some­
delicate pink, more so inside towards the centre, times fewer, unequal, very short, to c. 5 mm lg. ;
;he middle of the Pet. of this colour outside; Fr. Csp. 1 at first, later also 2, one above the other,
iht green.—Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Las Tablas, curving towards the apex, mostly twice as long as
:200 m). the longest Rsp., black; FI. c. 2.5 cm lg., concol­
orous pink, funnelform; Pet. tapering, with a red
T.machrochele(Werd.) F. Buxb. & Backbg. M.-line outside; Sep. shorter, with a broad,
Bo.simple, depressed-spherical, c. 3 cm h., 4 cm 0 , brownish central field; Fr.?—Mexico. (Fig. 441.)
matt greyish-green, with a longer R.-section; crown Closely related to T. lophophofoides, but Sp. more
--ith white wool; Ri. spiralled, divided into Tub. numerous, FI. concolorous pink, opening less
which are mostly broader than high; Ar. dirty widely. Plants seen in the collection of Saint-Pie,
white at first; Sp. 3-5, mostly 4, to 4 cm lg. or more, Asson (France, Basses-Pyrénées).
curving, mostly compressed below the quite
r.rongly interlacing tips, the upperside flat, T.schmiedickeanus(Bôd.) F. Buxb. & Backbg. (T.)
grooved, dirty yellow and darker-tipped at first, Bo,eventually shortly cylindric, to 5 cm h., 3 cm 0 ,
later grey, rough and bark-like; FI. white, suffused vivid matt green, grafted plants are larger ; crown
rink; Fr. a smooth berry.—Mexico (San Luis with white wool, overtopped by Sp. ; Ri. with Tub.
Potosi). in Isp. 8:13, Tub. rounded to shortly conical, 5 mm
br. below, 7 mm lg., truncate; Sp. 3(-4), to 2.5 cm
T.polaskiiBackbg. lg., curving like a ram’s horns, bent and interlacing,
Bo. probably mostly simple, broadly spherical, subterete to (the upper one) blade-like, to 1mm br.,
bluish to greyish-green, c. 1 m h., to 2.7 cm 0 , flat on the upperside and often with a fine groove,
;losely resembling a small Lophophora; Ri. not all Sp. later falling; FI.c. 18 mm 0 , pink, with a
tuberculate but expanded around the Ar. and light violet M.-stripe; Fr. with rudimentary Sc. or
divided by sinuate lines; Sp. mostly only 1, rarely naked.—Mexico (Tamaulipas, near Miquihuana).
with a shorter Ssp., the larger one to 12 mm lg.,
yellowish or horn-coloured, weakly annular, weak, T. schwarzii(Shurly) Backbg.
curving over the crown, soon dropping; FI. 1 cm Bo. simple, small, hemispherical, to 3.5 cm 0 ,
lg., 1.5 cm 0 , white or tinged pale pink, especially basal section 3 cm lg. ; Ri. in 5-8 spirals, tuber­
;n the centre of the Pet.; Sti. pink, paler towards the culate, brownish to pale green ; Ar. minutely tufted ;
margin; S. slightly glossy.—Mexico (50 miles N. of Sp. 1-2, to 2 cm lg., whitish or yellowish-brown,
San Luis Potosí, 20 miles N. of Matehuala, on the later dropping; FI. 3 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , bellshaped-
hills). rotate, white, suffused greenish, with a reddish M.-
line.—Mexico (E. of San Luis Potosí).
T.pseudomacrochele(Backbg.) F.Buxb. & Backbg.
Bo. flattened-spherical, with a cylindric, napiform
and extended basal section, to 3 cm 0 ; Ri. Uebelmannia Buin. (Succulenta, Nov.
resolved in Tub., these irregularly angular or 1973)
square, sometimes compressed; crown slightly
woolly; Ar. white; Sp. c. 8, bristly, flexible, [No generic diagnosis in Haage’s addenda. Spheri­
unequal, + projecting to interlacing and bent, cal or shortly columnar plants, occurring in small
yellowish at first, later grey; F!. 3.5 cm 0 , white and isolated populations, often in inaccessible
with a pink M.-stripe, this darker outside; Pet. terrain, frequently in rock-crevices, and habitat-
narrow, long, strongly revolute at anthesis; Fr. photographs frequently show the plants either clad
small.—Mexico (San Luis Potosí). [Haage amends with, or growing among, lichens which indicates
locality to: Mexico (Querétaro).j high atmospheric humidity. Distribution: Brazil,
Minas Geraes.
T. roseiflorus Backbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Cultivated specimens in Britain are mostly impor­
111:15.1963. ted plants which have shown a discouraging loss-
Bo. simple, dull green, broadly subspherical, c. 4 rate as they are very slow to establish and require
cm 0 ; crown white-woolly; Ri. consisting of considerable heat. However both imports and the
transversely extended, rather prominent Tub., few available seedlings have been grafted success­
these 4-sided or rounded below, or the surface fully and the natural characters appear unaffected.
irregularly flattened or + angular, also with a These related but scattered species provoke in-
501
UEBELMANNIA-UTAHIA

teresting questions if Backeberg is correct in above; Csp. 1, ± subulate, straight, light grey,
attributing to the Amazon basin a key-role in the becoming darker grey, tipped brownish; FI. 2 cm
South American distributions: see “Distribution of lg., 1.5 cm 0 , sulphur-yellow; Sti. dazzling
the Cactaceae”—p. 517. Translator.]* creamy-white; S. small, matt, black.—Brazil
(Minas Geraes, Serra de Ambrosia).
U. buiningiiDon. Old plants resemble U. buiningii, but the Bo.-
Bo.simple, shortly cylindric, to 8 cm 0 , greenish or colour is clearly distinct. U. gummifera was
reddish-brown, made rough by minute waxy Sc.; discovered in 1938, when it was classified as a
Ri. 18, straight, c. 15 mm apart, divided into Parodia.
downwardly directed Tub. 5 mm apart; Ar.
scarcely woolly; Sp. reddish-brown, later white, 4 U. meninensisBuin.
longer ones cruciform, 2^1 shorter ones straight, to Bo. to 50 cm lg., 10 cm br., green; Ri. to 40.
5 mm lg.; FI. to 27 mm lg. and 20 mm br.; Ov. distinctly tuberculate, Tub. to 8 mm h., to 10 mm
white-woolly; Tu. 9 mm lg., Sc. with brown Br. in apart; Sp.2, rarely more, one directed upwards and
their axils; Pet. yellow, lanceolate; style with 6-7 the other downwards, to 2 cm lg., blackish-brown,
Sti.; Fr. ovoid, yellow, 4 mm 0 ; S. black, testa later dark grey; FI. yellow; S.twice as large as that
tuberculate.—Brazil (Minas Geraes, Serra Negra, of U. gummifera.—Brazil (Minas Geraes, near
on quartz; discovered by A. F. H. Burning and L. Pedra Menina, on an isolated mountain-slope,
Horst on 1.12.66). Resembles U. gummifera, but growing on pure white quartzite, among thorn-
clearly distinguished by the Bo.-colour. (Fig. 524.) scrub; discovered by A. F. H. Buining). (Fig. 526.)

U. flavispinaBuin. & Bred. 1973 U. pectiniferaBuin.

Bo. spherical, later short-cylindric, to 35 cm h., 11 Bo. spherical to cylindric, to 15 cm 0 , to 50 cm h.:
cm 0 , light green or green, pitted whitish, epidermis dark reddish-brown with a grey waxy
especially around the Ar.; Ri. to 29, fairly acute, coating ;R.a thin taproot; Ri. 15-18,12 mm h., to 2
vertical, 1-1.4 cm apart; Ar. round, 1-1.5 mm 0 , cm apart; crown with woolly felt; Sp. dark brown
with greyish-white felt, newer Ar. 2 mm apart, in to black, later biack-tipped, 12-15 mm lg., erectly
mature plants confluent, in a continuous white projecting like the crest on a military helmet; FI.
band; Sp. to 1 cm lg., 2-5, spreading ± sideways, greenish-yellow, Pet. acute, 16 mm lg.; Tu. with
yellowish, dark yellow to yellowish-brown, later reddish Sc. and white woolly H.; stylec. 8 mm lg..
grey to dark grey, to 3.5 cm lg., pectinate, also 1-2 with 4 Sti.; Fr. light violet-red, soft-fleshy, with
vertical, straight, thin; FI.funnelform, 18 mm lg., 7 only 9-10 S.; hilum flattened, testa reddish-brown,
mm br., light yellow, with Br. and yellow H. with small convex cells.—Brazil (Minas Geraes.
outside; Sep. acute, spatulate; Pet.similarly; style found in 1966 at 1000 m, on white quartz-sand, by
light cream; Sti.6, similarly coloured; Fr. 14 mm L. Horst and Dr. G. Baumhardt). (Fig. 527.)
lg., with a thin red skin and white flesh; S. cap­ v. pseudopectinifera: Bo.smaller than in the type,
shaped, testa glossy, black.—Brazil (Minas Geraes, epidermis appearing green since it is more
W. of Diamantina, on flat rocks and in clefts, weakly white-flocky; Sp. not directed vertically
growing among bromeliads, grass and lichens at c. upwards nor pectinate, but spreading sideways,
1280 m). (Fig. 525.) variously long; FI., Fr. and S. as in the type.—
Distinguished from U. pectinifera by the Sp.- Brazil (Minas Geraes, near Diamantina, at 1200
colour, number of Ri., and the structure of FI. and m, sometimes on sandy debris among bromel­
S. iads, at a distance of 40 km as the crow flies from
the type-locality).
U. gummifera (Backbg. & Voll) Buin.
Bo. simple, elongated-spherical, to 10 cm h., 6 cm
0 , greyish-green; Ri. c. 32, tuberculate at first, Utahia Br. & R. (201)
later narrow and continuous, tuberculate above;
Ar. small, with thick yellowish-grey wool at first; Broadly spherical plants, probably always simple,
Rsp. 2 shorter side ones, 1 longer Sp. downwardly with fairly dense spines; the apically borne and
directed, to 5 mm lg., sometimes 2 minute Ssp. only moderately large flowers are funnelform to
rotate, + scaly, the tube densely set with dry ciliate
* Photographs and habitat-data with the following first scales, the ovary similarly; the seeds are fairly large,
descriptions in the Nat. Cact. & Succ. J. (GB): U. skull-shaped, with a sunken hilum. The areoles.
buiningii: March 1968, and U. pectinifera: Dec. 1967.
More recently first descriptions of plants in this genus
seen under a lens, consist of unusually stranded
have appeared, with colour photographs, in both the felt; the compressed spines are slightly angular or
Cactus & Succulent J. (US) and K.u.a.S. (West have fine lengthwise fissures, the centrals being
Germany). Translator. described as almost black at first, although I have
502
 UTAHIA—WEBERBAUEROCEREUS

seen specimens where they were + white and dark- however the characters of the flowering zones are
ipped. I do not know whether there are any divergent in all three genera.—Distribution: Bol­
intermediate forms; if not, then the white-spined ivia (Chuquisaca). [(R).]
form, in which the spines are also stouter, must be
V. guentheri(Kupp.) Backbg. (T.)
■ egregated as a variety. It is a remarkable thing that
Bo. erect, branching from the base, to over 2 m h.;
.he plants are said to occur mostly on gypsum soils.
While once very rare, they have recently been branches to 10 cm 0 , light green; Ri. to c. 27,
imported from time to time; however, they appear weakly tuberculate, with indistinct transverse
furrows over the yellowish-white, felty Ar.; Sp. on
to survive only a short time in cultivation, just as younger plants c. 15, scarcely differentiated, later
with Coloradoa. In view of the divergent floral increasing to c. 25, 0.5-1.5 cm lg., one more central,
maracters it is difficult to see why L. Benson stouter, to 2.2 cm lg., upwardly directed Sp. shorter
referred the genus to Pediocactus Br. & R. (see and rather stouter than the more numerous,
-nder that genus) without including Coloradoa,
;:nce he also included Toumeya, Navajoa and thinner to bristly, downwardly directed ones;
Pilocanthus.—Distribution: USA (N. Arizona).
Ceph. from the flowering zone, with Br. to 6 cm lg.,
the Ar. with yellowish-white wool to 4 mm lg., the
[No information available regarding cultivation, or finely bristly cap towards the apex lengthening with
•hether these plants can be raised from seed and age; FI.with a cylindric Tu., expanding slightly, c. 8
immediately grafted.] cm lg., c. 3 cm 0 , open for 1 night only; Pet.
narrow, 1.3cmlg.,5-6mmbr. ;Tu.and Ov.with ±
U. sileri(Eng.) Br. & R. (T.) pinkish silky wool.—Bolivia (Chuquisaca, valley of
Bo. mostly broadly spherical, later also ± elon­ the Rio Grande, near El Oro). (Fig. 443, 444.)
gated and then to 15 cm h., 12 cm 0 ; Ri.indistinct,
8-16, spiralled, mostly divided into Tub., these Vollia was a name I proposed for a form of
rhombic-angular below, more rounded at midway, Zygocactus K. Sch. which flowered from the lateral
tapering above, c.l cm lg. and br.; Ar. white, with Ar. (Fig. 459.)
feltyH.,to 1.5 cm apart ;Rsp. 11-13, greyish-white,
sometimes brown-tipped, 13-18 mm lg.; Csp. 3-4,
terete, almost black at first, soon light below, Weberbauerocereus Backbg. (92)
becoming lighter or remaining darker, slender-
subulate or stoutly so; FI. 2.8 cm lg., 2.5 cm 0 , The type-species of this genus was discovered by
yellowish;Fr.green, extensively set with small Sc., Meyen, who described it as long ago as 1833.
c. 1 cm lg. and 0 ; S. 4 mm lg., 2.5 mm thick, dark Britton and Rose referred to Trichocereus, the only
reddish-brown, glossy but appearing matt because species known to them, although they did draw
of the fine tuberculation.—USA (between Pipe attention to the divergent floral structure. In 1942 I
Spring and Ship Rock, close to the border of Utah segregated this genus of large-shrubby to tree-like
and somewhat NE. of Fredonia). (Fig. 442.) Cerei, mainly because of the curving and + S-
shaped floral tube and the rather oblique limb; but
it was a long time before this new genus achieved
Vatricania Backbg. (180) general recognition which, in turn is largely thanks
to Rauh’s two journeys to Peru when his finds
Cerei which branch somewhat from the base, with a included a species with strongly bent and oblique-
unique type of cephalium; this develops super­ limbed red flowers as well as others with the tube
ficially, i.e. not from a groove, at first on one side elongated and stout, or the limb broad and +
only, with longer hairy bristles appearing from the regular, one such plant having flowers of an
aeroles. The tuft-development comes later, encirc­ unusual brownish colour. Ritter then discovered
ling the stem above with a constantly enlarging, further species which proved that the genus was not
projecting and furry cap from which the true restricted only to S. Peru, but that the overall
cephalium extends down the flank. The nocturnal distribution extended to the Departments of La
flowers sometimes appear from the lower parts of Libertad and Ancash, as well as the more northerly
this cephalium; they are mostly cylindric, expand­ provinces of the interior: Cajamarca' and Lima
ing somewhat towards the limb, with the widely (Churin). In these new species all the flowers are
open perianth yellowish-white inside and reddish white to ± pinkish-white, the tube being in general
outside, projecting only slightly at anthesis beyond more strongly woolly than in the S. Peruvian
the dense silky hairs and bristles of the tube. This species, while the apex of the shoots, or the
monotypic genus was discovered by C. Troll in principal flowering zone, shows noticeably mod­
1927. F. Buxbaum first attributed this extraor­ ified spines, i.e. they become finer and bristle-like,
dinary plant to the Brazilian genus, Facheiroa, and longer and more projecting, or tangled, in what
then put it in SG. Facheiroa of Espostoa Br. & R.; Ritter calls a “pseudocephalium” ; to me, this name

503
WEBERBAUEROCEREUS

does not appear to be very appropriate since we subject was available to him, so that these plants -
know some species where there is absolutely no the most remarkable subjects of the Peruvian
modification of the spines in the flowering zone scene—did not receive the same care as he devoted
(e.g. in the type-species); of W. seyboldianus, Rauh to other plant-families. It is worth mentioning that
says only:—“The radial spines of the flowering Rauh observed:—“staminodial hairs sometimes
zone are bristle-like ... the very stout centrals present”, as in the flower of W. weberbaueri. As we
gradually disappear, and only occasionally longer, find with other Andean genera, this feature is not
very thin ones, are developed” ; of W. longicomus, always present and it is thus not a generically
Ritter himself says:—“If the flowering areoles are diagnostic character, but simply an occasionally
close together, they appear to form a pseudo- observable phenomenon which requires further
cephalium”. It is thus impossible to give a pseudo- investigation. The fruits of Weberbauerocereus are
cephalium as a diagnostic character of the Genus not very large—at most 4 cm 0 —and green to red
Weberbauerocereus, but it would be quite justifi­ or orange-yellow, sometimes resembling oversized
able to state that “in a number of species there may fruits of Cleistocactus, or with more wool present.
be considerable modification of spines in the Seeds are uniformly smaller and glossy black.—
flowering zone” ; spine-modification towards the Distribution: from the NE. Andean hinterland of
more strongly flowering stem-tip, when these Peru to S. Peru, close to the Chilean frontier. [(R).]
spines become finer and longer, occurs in Lopho-
cereus for instance; but once again this is not W. albus Ritt.—“Kakt. u.a. Sukk.”, 13:6,
constant in all species, and is thus not a diagnostic 106-108.1962.
feature of the genus. It is more appropriate to Bo. forming dense tall shrubs to 5 m h., branching
differentiate between "pseudocephalia such as may from the base to midway; branches erect, greyish-
occur in part in Pilosocereus”, and “flowering green, to 6 cm 0; Ri. 16-20, to c. 8 mm h., little
zones which may have modified spines”, since in notched; Ar. to 5 mm 0, coffee-coloured; Sp.
both cases—unlike Cephalocleistocactus—these scarcely differentiated, 15-22 radials 2-7 mm lg..
are not constant generic characters. Strangely hair-like, pale, also 1-2 stoutly subulate Sp., more
enough, Ritter has not described any species with centrally placed, 0.5-0.75 or 1.5-3.5 cm lg..
concolorously red flowers such as Rauh observed, together with 3-5 finer Csp. c. 0.5 cm lg., all white
e.g. in W. seyboldianus. It is interesting to note that to ivory; floweringzonewith enlarged Ar. 7 mm 0.
the zygomorphic flowers of this species look like the Sp. modified, tangled, hair-like, to 4 cm lg..
very stout Loxanthocereus-flowers, with the same yellowish at first, soon white; FI.to 9.5 cm lg., 7-10
red colour, whereas in the other species they are cm 0 , white to light pink, remaining open day and
almost completely regular and + white, with those night for several days, with dense brownish and
of W. albus actually being fairly broadly fun- white H.; Fr. spherical, to 4 cm 0, greyish to
nelform. Weberbauerocereus is thus a natural reddish-green, with brown and light H.—Peru
complex of species intermediate between Tri- (Dept. Ancash, below San Marcos) (FR 571). (Fig.
chocereus and Loxanthocereus, its flowers some­ 445.) Largest FI. of the genus; style long-
times resembling the one genus, sometimes the projecting.
other, but still remaining a very distinctive group in
which the flowers are sometimes ± radial, some­ W. cephalomacrostibas (Backbg.) Ritt.: a
times greenish-white, while others are transitional catalogue-name of Ritter’s for Trichocereuscepha­
towards zygomorphy (W. fascicularis) or quite lomacrostibas (Werd. & Backbg.) Backbg. which,
strongly zygomorphic, with every conceivable for the reasons set out in “Die Cact.”, VI:
phase of spine-modification, and the flowers not 3707.1962, is close to the Chilean Trichocerei but
borne exclusively in a modified zone of this kind. not, on the basis of flower-type, to the S. Peruvian
Such a variety of forms can only be reflected with spec, of Weberbauerocereus, although the two
sufficient accuracy by a carefully conceived classifi­ genera are undoubtedly quite closely related.
cation. Weberbauerocereus is thus one of the most
interesting genera, and since we now have far more W. churinensis Ritt.—“Kakt. u.a. Sukk.”, 13:8.
knowledge of this unique Peruvian genus it is a 133-134.1962.
great pleasure to me that I named it for Prof. Dr. Bo. bushy, erect, to 2 m h., mostly branching from
Weberbauer, the highly esteemed German botanist close to the base; branches + squarrose, to 5 cm 0 :
who was formerly in the service of the Peruvian Ri. 18-20, weakly notched, obtuse; Ar. grey, 3-5
Government, and whose great work on the mm lg.; Sp. scarcely differentiated, c. 40-60, light
Peruvian Andes is a testimony to his untiring to orange-yellow, lower ones hair-like, to 1 cm lg..
researches; his inability to deal with the cactus-flora others fewer, rather stouter, with a few stouter Sp.
of the region in greater detail is undoubtedly towards the centre and 1-2 robust Sp. to 3 cm lg.:
because no satisfactory specialised work on the floweringzonesometimes only with thin bristly Sp.
504
-

WEBERBAUEROCEREUS

2-4 cm lg.; FI. with a fairly long stout Tu., to 12 cm rather stouter, to 1 cm lg., all Sp. flexible, scarcely
lg., strongly perfumed, pink above, white below; sharp, glossy, dark golden-yellow; flowering zone
Per. revolute; Tu. reddish, with black to blackish- with erratic modification of the Sp., sometimes ±
brown H.; Ov. with the H. more brownish-black; one-sided, or interrupted, with c. 50 elongated, +
Fr. c. 4 cm lg. and almost as br., blackish-green, projecting, hair-like, golden-yellow Br. to 6 cm lg.,
with greyish-brown to black H.—Peru (Dept. the Ar. larger; FI. to 11 cm lg., faintly perfumed,
Lima, below Churin) (FR 685). closing at daybreak, white or a delicate pinkish-
white; Tu. brownish-green or reddish, with dense
W. fascicularis(Meyen) Backbg. (T.) short brownish-black wool interspersed with
Bo. tall-shrubby, a few metres h., greyish-green; stouter reddish-brown H.; stylelong-projecting, it
branchesto 6 cm 0 or more; Ri.c. 16, low; Ar.to 6 and the Sti.greenish; Fr. spherical, green, to 4 cm
mm lg., with light brown or yellow felt; Rsp. 0, with grey and brown H.—Peru (Prov. Caj-
numerous, mostly to 1 cm lg., fine; Csp. several, to amarca, Zangal) (FR 570).
4.6 cm lg., thin, very sharp, mostly ± decurved; all
Sp.yellow at first, often bristly-acicular, later more W. longicomus Ritt.—“Kakt. u.a. Sukk.”, 13:7,
robust, Csp. brown, then grey; FI. to 11 cm lg., 117-119.1962.
curving to an approximately S-shape, limb rela­ Bo. almost tree-like, to 6m h., branching mostly in
tively short, not clearly zygomorphic, greenish- the bottom third, greyish-green; branchesstraight-
white, remaining open during the morning of the ly erect, moderately close spaced, to 8 cm 0 ;
following day; Sep. + revolute, reddish-greenish; Ri.15-18, very obtuse, to 1cm h., notched over half
style projecting; Sti. greenish; Fr. spherical, the width;Ar.brown, to 6mm lg.; Rsp. 15-25,pale
orange-yellow to reddish, densely set with small to brownish-yellow, to 1 cm lg., lower ones longer,
Sc., with few H.—S. Peru (near Arequipa). No Sp.- thinner; Csp. 1(—2),very stout, subulate, similarly
modification present in the flowering zone. coloured, 1-6 cm lg., also 3-6 finer, shorter Sp.
0.5-1 cm lg., transitional to the Rsp.; flowering
W. horridispinusRauh & Backbg. zone with hair-like Rsp., also thinner but stouter
Bo. erectly shrubby, to 2.5 m h., freely branching; Csp. in the transitional zone, then a discontinuous
branchesto 15 cm 0, mid-green; Ri.c. 18, ± raised modification to denser mats of H., the Rsp.
around the Ar. which are surmounted by a concealed and to 10 cm lg., with 1-2 stouter Csp.
transverse notch; Ar. very large, to 1.8 cm lg.; Sp. persisting, these to 6 cm lg., often hidden, the
in 2 Ser., upper ones stouter, mostly 5-7, dissimilar, Ar. to 1 cm lg.; FI. to 10 cm lg., 5.5-7.5 cm 0 ,
some to 8 cm lg., thick-subulate, terete to somewhat perfumed, still open the following
somewhat compressed or triangular below, + morning, white to pink; Sep. pink to carmine; Tu.
channelled, straight to bent, twisted or almost reddish-brown, clad with reddish-brown, + tufted
claw-like, the lower part of the Ar. with shorter, wool and H.; stylenot projecting, white; Sti.light
thinner, more brownish Sp., 1-3, thin-subulate, to yellow; Fr.spherical, to 3cm 0, green to reddish,
1cm lg., others very thin, yellowish-brownish, to 20 densely clad with wool, this being white above and
or more, to 1 cm lg., mostly shorter, the stouter brown below.—Peru (Prov. Cajamarca, Puente
ones all at first light yellowish-brown, then grey Crisnejas) (FR 656).(Fig. 446.)
and dark-tipped; FI. to 6 cm lg., greenish-brown;
Tu. with dense brown hairy wool; Ov. with dense W. rauhiiBackbg.
white wool; Fr. (immature) 2 cm 0, olive-green, Bo.tree-like, with a short trunk,to 6 m h.; branches
with whitish H.—S. Peru (valley of Chala, 2600 m). vertical, candelabra-like, to 15 cm 0 below, 8 cm
This is the stoutest St. of any spec, of Weber- 0 above; Ri. c. 23; Sp. below the flowering zone
bauerocereus. Here again, the Sp. of the flowering numerous, whitish-grey, to 1 cm lg., in part bristly;
zone are not modified; however these are probably Csp.often to 6, mostly to 4cm lg., one more central,
the most fiercely spined plants in the genus, since 7 cm lg., very stout, ± appressed, yellowish below,
the spec, grows in a very dry zone. dark chocolate-brown above; Ar. c. 1 cm lg., with
long grey felt; flowering zone with only a few
W. johasonii Ritt.—“Kakt. u.a. Sukk.”, 13:5, elongated, very thin Csp., the Rsp., bristly,
72-73.1962. elongated, the entire St. then covered with Br.; FI.
Bo. erect, tree-like, to 6 m h., with a short thick often only on one side, to 10 cm lg., creamy-brown,
trunk, branching from c. 1.5 m up; brancheserect, Per. ± radial, to 4 cm 0 ; Tu. densely scaly, with
parallel, 7-9 cm 0 ; Ri. 30-35, obtuse, ± tuber- violet-brown H.; Sti. green; Fr. to 3 cm 0,
culate, to 5 mm h., seedlings have only 17-18 Ri.; brownish-red, more orange at full maturity, white-
Ar.brown, to 3 mm 0 ; Sp. scarcely differentiated, felty.—S. Peru (Nazca and Pisco valleys, c. 2000
c. 20 more radially placed, fine, to 1.5 cm lg., lower m). Young plants have white Sp. and resemble
ones more numerous, longer, centrals c. 10-12, Cleistocactus strausii.
505
WEBERBAUEROCEREUS-WEBEROCEREUS

v. laticornuaRauh & Backbg.: Bo. lower, to 3 m dark leather-brown; FI.mostly only 7 cm lg.; Tu.
h., much more freely branching; branches more more strongly white-woolly;
curving and ascending, sometimes rebranching, v. humilior Rauh & Backbg.: Bo. to 2 m h..
with fiercer Sp.below; Ar.smaller; FI.and Fr.as forming large bushes; branchesto 10 cm 0 ; Ri.
in the type. 16, with an acute transverse indentation; Ar. 8
mm lg., light grey; Rsp. numerous, to 1.5 cm lg.,
W. seyboldianusRauh & Backbg. very stout, light grey; Csp. to 8 cm lg., light
Bo.to 3 m h., branching from the base, forming lax brown at first, later frosted, grey; FI. ± radial:
bushes; branchesto 8 cm 0 , vivid green; Ri.15; Ar. Sep.chocolate-brown.—S. Peru (near Arequipa.
thick, 8 mm lg., buff at first; Rsp.not numerous, ± western Cerros de Caldera, and at the foot of
bristly at the apex, later to 1.5 cm lg., thin, buff'; the volcanoes).
Csp. 1—3, similarly coloured, thin, to 7 cm lg.; FI.
solitary, subapical, 6-8 cm lg., compressed, W. winterianus Ritt.—“Kakt. u.a. Sukk.”, 13:4.
strongly zygomorpbic, 4.5 cm 0 , deep dark car­ 54-56.1962.
mine outside, more light wine-coloured inside; Tu. Bo. to 6 m h., with a short trunk to almost 2 m h.
strongly bent, thick, reddish-brown, with short and then branching; branches parallel, ascending,
reddish-brown H.; Sep.recurved; Fil.carmine; An. fairly crowded, 5-8 cm 0 ; Ri. 22-27, to 5 mm h..
pink; style reddish; Sti. greenish; Fr. brownish- rather tuberculate, obtuse, seedlings have only
red, c. 3.5 cm 0 . —S. Peru (at the foot of Chachani 12-14 Ri.; Ar.dark to blackish-brown, to 4 mm lg.:
Volcano, above Caima). (Fig. 447, right.) Rsp.c. 20-30, fine, appressed, 0.5-1.5 cm lg., lower
No Sp.-modification present in the flowering zone. ones longest, numerous, upper ones fewer, shorter.
2-3 times as thick; Csp. c. 12-15, acicular, rather
W. weberbaueri(K. Sch.) Backbg. stouter than the upper radials, to 1.5 cm lg.; all Sp.
Bo. to 4 m h., branching from the base to form dark golden-yellow, sometimes light yellow on old
bushes; branches stiffly erect or sometimes ± plants; flowering zone with 3(M10 fine, light to
curving, to 10 cm 0 , greyish-green; Ri. 15-22, + golden-yellow Br.-Sp. to 7 cm lg., lower ones
tuberculate at the apex, with a transverse groove; shorter, upper part of the Ar. (the point of insertion
Ar. thick, to 8 mm lg., greyish-yellow, with long of the FI.) enlarged, with longer felt, budswith wool
woolly felt; Rsp. to c. 20, 1-1.5 cm lg., thin, the same colour as that of the Ar.; FI. 7.5 cm lg..
yellowish-brown; Csp. 6-8, stouter, leather- white or faintly pink inside, pink outside; Tu. with
coloured, to 6 cm lg.; FI.8-11 cm lg., to 5.5 cm 0 , blackish-brown wool; Fil.and stylewhite; Sti.light
pale brownish, pale chocolate-brown outside, Per. green; Ov. more brownish-red; Fr. to 4 cm 0 .
almost radial; Tu. only weakly curving, brownish barrel-shaped, dark green to greenish or reddish-
to olive-green, with short brown H.; Fil. greenish brown, with dense blackish-brown wool.—Peru
below, white above; style and Sti. greenish; Fr. (Dept. La Libertad, Prov. Otusco, near Samnei
spherical, 4 cm 0 , brilliant orange-yellow, with (FR 165). (Fig. 448.)
short woolly H.—S. Peru (near Arequipa), (Fig. v. australisRitt.: Branchesto 9 cm 0 ; Ri.to 33:
447, left). No modification of Sp. in the flowering Ar. mostly rather larger; Sp. thinner, weaker,
zone; FI. with very curly H. inside below, these those of seedlings lighter; FI. as in the type.—
extending into the nectary. Peru (Dept. Ancash, Quebrada Huecocho, side-
v. aureifuscus Rauh & Backbg.: Bo. to 4 m h.; gorge of the Quebrada Casma) (FR 1066).
branchesobliquely ascending, vivid green, some­ As for v. flavus Ritt., FR 165a, undescribed but
what curving; Ri. 17, narrow, with no distinct listed in Winter’s catalogue, Ritter says nothing
transverse indentation; Ar. grey; Rsp. 20-30, to more. Was it perhaps an early term for v. australis ?
1.5 cm lg., vivid yellowish-brown; Csp. 1-3,
brilliant reddish-brown above, later light grey to
brownish, 1 of these mostly strongly elongated, Weberocereus Br. & R. (47)
to 8 cm lg., flexible, directed obliquely down­
wards; H. on FI. and Fr. reddish-brown.—S. A slender-stemmed clambering or pendant epi­
Peru (above Caima, near Arequipa, and Cerros phyte, stems mostly 3-angled or terete, rarely
de Caldera); flattened or 3-winged at first, with aerial roots. The
v. horribilis Rauh & Backbg.: Bo. to 2.5 m h; nocturnal flowers are pink, shortly funnelform or
branches stiffly erect, to 15 cm 0 below, vivid bellshaped-funnelform, the tuberculate ovary set
green; Ri. c. 17, transversely furrowed above; with + stiff' bristly hairs. The hairy fruit is ±
Ar. 1 cm lg., yellowish-brown; Rsp. c. 20, stout, tuberculate. The spines are only short, sometimes
sharp, to 1.5 cm lg., yellowish-brown at first, weak, sometimes rather stouter, in one case
often grey below, later concolorous grey; Csp. missing. It is interesting to note that W. biolleyi.
1-4, the most central one very stout, to 8 cm lg., while sometimes only weakly angular, is also terete.

506
 WEBEROCEREUS-WEINGARTIA

-ad juvenile growths can be 3-winged or sometimes apart, prominent; Sp. 6-12, stiff', yellow at first,
r_part flattened. This species alone thus has all the then brown, to 8 mm lg., swollen below, later
polymorphism of the Hylocereeae. I illustrated mostly dropping; FI. c. 6 cm lg., 4 cm 0 , salmon-
-nomalous flattening—in what was probably a pink; Sep. brownish, projecting; Tu. waxy, firm,
Xyctocereus species—in “Die Cact.”, IV: 2089 tuberculate, with brown Br.-clusters.—Costa Rica
Fig. 1975) 1960. The causes of these unusual forms (near Cartago or Talbon). Ov. also said to be
merit closer investigation. Little information is bristly. (Fig. 449.)
available regarding the fruits and seeds of this It has still not been established if Cereus gonzalezii
genus, sometimes nothing at all.-—Distribution: Web.—which Britton and Rose considered
Costa Rica and Panama. [(R).] identical with the above spec.,—is a different spec.
The plants had 4-5 brown Sp., rather weak, to
W. biolleyi(Web.) Br. & R. only 4 mm lg., and the Ov. was said to be spiny
Bo. growing epiphytically on trees, and hanging (stiffer Br.?).—Costa Rica (near Pacayas).
down; St. thin, only 4-6 mm 0 , new growth
sometimes flat, sometimes 3-winged; Ri. only very Weinbergia cereiformis hort. (Gates): see Lopho-
■eakly angular, or absent; Sp. mostly missing or cereus mieckleyanus (Wgt.) Backbg.
occasionally 1-3, yellow, short; Ar. small, with
only traces of felt; FI. 3-5 cm lg., pink inside; Ov.
tuberculate, hairy.—Costa Rica (near Puerto Weingartia Werd. (118)
Lim'on).
Flowering material in the Botanical Garden, Simple or caespitose plants, with or without a neck-
Heidelberg, showed the FI.-colour to be carmine, constriction of the napiform root. Flowers only
acc. Rauh; Britton and Rose say “pinkish”, but a fairly large, the tube very short, glabrous, scaly;
deeper colour is sometimes observable. fruit at most 1 cm 0 , glabrous, + scaly. One
remarkable feature of the taprooted species with a
W. panamensis Br. & R. neck-constriction is that the roots are sometimes so
Bo. epiphytic, hanging; St.distinctly 3-angled but stout that it is impossible to prise the plants from
sometimes flat, to 2 cm br.; Ri. normally 3, + hard ground with the root intact; as a consequence
rounded or acute; Ar. often rather sunken, small, of this loss of the taproot, experience to date of
each with a Sc. beneath it; Sp. 1-3, very short, cultivated plants has shown that the plant-body
weak; FI.4—7 cm-lg., white; Sep. yellowish-green; mostly grows very elongated, becoming almost
style and Sti. white, latter also pink; Ov. tuber­ cereoid in the course of years; I have seen this
culate, green, with tiny spreading Sc. and 4-8 myself in the case of both Bolivian and N.
longer white H.; Fr. red, to 3 cm 0 , spherical, Argentinian species, particularly where the plants
tuberculate.—Panama (Rio Fato and Lake are grafted. A further peculiarity, at least with
Gatun). Weingartia neocumingii Backbg., is that the
flowers appear several together from one and the
W. trichophorus Johns. & Kimn.—C. & S.J. [US] same areole, or together with buds, and then not
XXXV:6, 203-205. 1963. only on the upper part of the body but also quite
Bo. climbing, intense green; St. terete or in­ low on the side. This does not appear to be constant
distinctly 6-7-angled, only 8-12 mm 0 ; Ar. c. 2-3 in all the species, since Ritter does not mention it in
cm apart; Sp.c. 10, stiff', fairly stout, 3-12 mm lg., connection with the species discovered by him. The
also 30—40 ± curly H. 5-20 mm lg.,; FI.bellshaped- Bolivian species all have lighter to deeper yellow
funnelform, to 6 cm lg., to 3.5 cm 0 ; Tu.with dense flowers, while those of the N. Argentinian species
fine Tub., with fairly long, lax H.; Ov.reddish; Sep. are smaller and orange-yellow to orange-red. Only
purple; Pet. flesh-coloured; Fr. oblong, 3 cm lg., one species—Weingartia ambigua (Hildm.)
2.5 cm 0 , purplish-reddish; pulpbrownish-red; S. Backbg.—with narrow and ± sinuate ribs, has
to 1.75 mm lg., black.—Costa Rica (Prov. Limon, purplish-violet flowers. Unfortunately its origin
Peralta, c. 100 m). remains unclarified; Schumann’s statement, “Bol­
Readily distinguishable from other spec, on ivia or Chile” may be justified in that this species
account of the hair-development. Sp. are creamy at perhaps grows outside the previously accepted area
first, tipped yellowish, later concolorous yellow, of distribution, maybe on paths which are no
thickened below; old St.-Seg. have to 20 Sp. longer visited by motorised collectors. As far as I
know, the fruits contain only a few seeds; the fruits
W. tunilla(Web.) Br. & R. (T.) themselves seem mostly to be only slightly juicy and
Bo. epiphytic, clambering, with few aerial R.; St. then to dry up; the seeds are matt black. The
1-1.5 cm 0 ; Ri. rounded or 4-angled on new flowers are never borne centrally, at most near the
shoots, later with (2—)4(—5) angles; Ar. 3-6 cm crown or even lower down on the body. I first called
507
WEINGARTIA

the genus Spegazzinia Backbg., after the Argen­ seed of Weingartia neocumingii, with very short,
tinian botanist Dr. Carlos Spegazzini, who was the rather stout and darker-tipped spines. If a variant
first man to make a closer study of the cactus- such as this were found in habitat, it would
habitats of his homeland. However, this name doubtless be regarded as a distinct species.
proved to be a homonym, and it was replaced by Moreover my plants of Weingartia hediniana here
Werdermann’s name which commemorates Wil­ in Europe do not develop anything like the very
helm Weingart, equally renowned as one of the white and woolly crown I have seen on imported
finest earlier connoisseurs of the Cerei. The species plants in the collections of Dolz and the nursery­
of Weingartia constitute such a uniquely hom­ man Ross—in other words, this may develop
ogeneous group that Hutchison’s referral of it to earlier or more extensively in other environmental
Gymnoclycium Pfeiff. is quite irrelevant and it has conditions. All these points require consideration
not been accepted by any other author. The when assessing the validity of any species. For all
position is quite different with individual species, that, the genus is one which well deserves the
where a much better case can be made out for the attention of collectors; indeed it is one of the most
‘lumping’ process which is in general so popular floriferous genera of spherical cacti.—
with American authors, and which I attempted in Distribution: E. Bolivia, N. Argentina and pos­
“Die Cact.”, e.g. the inclusion of Weingartia sibly the frontier region of Chile. (Grafting
pulquinensis in Weingartia neocumingii. The latter recommended.) See also Neowerdermannia Fric.
is in every respect representative of the E. Bolivian
distribution of Weingartia. It must have its origin W. ambigua (Hildm.) Backbg.
there, and yet neither Cardenas nor Ritter mentions Bo. simple, spherical, later oblong, light greyish-
it, but its identity with W. pulquinensis can scarcely green, to 15 cm h., 10-12 cm 0 ; crown with weak
be questioned. It is essential to note that some at yellowish-white felt; Ri. 21, rather sinuate, acute,
least of the species are extremely variable, and I saw obtusely swollen around the Ar., to 2 cm h.; Ar. 2
in Marnier’s collection a specimen of Weingartia cm apart, to 4 mm lg., with some yellowish-white
riograndensis in which the spines were much more felt; Rsp. 8, spreading, stiff, subulate, lowest ones
strongly bent towards the apex than those shown in longest, to 1cm lg., brown to blackish at first; Csp.
Ritter’s photograph to accompany the description, 1, straight, to over 1.5 cm lg., stouter, darker; FI.
in “Cact. & Succ. Journ. of Gr. Brit.”, 23: 1, purplish-violet, c. 3 cm 0 , glabrous, scaly; Fr.?—
11.1961. Bolivia or Chile (K. Schumann).
Ritter and Cardenas seem to differ about Weingar­
tia pulquinensis Card, since the plant in the W. chilensis(Backbg.) Backbg. n. comb, in Descr.
Marnier collection which closely resembles Wein­ Cact. Nov. Ill, 15. 1963: for description see under
gartia neocumingii—always bearing in mind the Neowerdermannia Fric, since this is the generic
commonly occurring range of variability—bears name most commonly used for it in collections.
no resemblance to Ritter’s specimen which he sent
to Buining in Holland under the same name: the W. chuquichiquensis: resembles W. neocumingii
latter has regularly dense, radiating and acicular but distinguished by the light yellow rounded Pet.
spines which are interlacing, with several only of the FI.
slightly stouter and slightly longer central spines,
all uniformly pale yellow, with just a few of the W. cintiensis n. subnud.: plant branching from the
centrals slightly darker. Many authors probably base to form groups, shoots oblong, Sp. dark-
also regard Weingartia riograndensis Ritt. as coloured; an extremely interesting spec., also
referable to Weingartia longigibba Ritt. The collected by Rausch, but not yet described.—
distance separating the two distributions is rela­ Bolivia (Cinti). (Fig. 450.)
tively small when one recalls that Neowerder-
mannia, for instance (which is also referable here), W. corroana Card.: Weingartia neocumingii v.
has a range extending from N. Argentina through corroana(Card.) Backbg.
the entire Bolivian highlands as far as Lake
Titicaca. In 1950 I had to change the name of W. cumingii (Werd.) Marsh.: Weingartia neocum­
“Echinocactus cumingii SD.” (1849-1850) to ingiiBackbg.
Weingartia neocumingii Backbg., since Salm-
Dyck’s name was a homonym of that of Hopfer W. erinaceaRitt.—C. & S.J. of Gr. Brit., 23:1, 8-9.
(1843) which related to an unclarified species with 1961.
hairy flowers. (W. pulquinensis Card, is regarded as Bo. hemispherical, to 15 cm 0 , without a taproot:
a synonym, with its variety.) In this connection it is Ri. made up of obtuse Tub. 1.5 cm lg.; Ar. white, to
important to consider my Fig. 3416, “Die Cact.”, 1.5 cm lg., the upper floral insertion more thick!)
VI: 3763. 1962, which shows a plant raised from woolly; Rsp. 10-18, to 1.5 cm lg.; Csp. 2-3, even
508
 WEINGARTIA

5-12. to 1.75 cm lg.; all Sp. stiff', straight, sharp, W. lanata Ritt.—Nat. C. & S.J. (Gr. Brit.),
>dlowish-white, darker-tipped; FI.to 3 cm lg., to 16:7-8.1961.
2.75 cm 0 , golden-yellow, darker above; Pet. Bo. hemispherical, to 17 cm 0 , later somewhat
- Minded above; Fil.pale yellow; stylegreenish; Sti. offsetting, without a taproot; crown with thicker
whitish; Fr.whitish, broadly scaly; S. 1mm lg.— white wool or with tufts of wool to 1.5 cm lg. in the
3olivia (Cochabamba, S. of Quiroya). Acc. Ritter, flowering Ar.; Ri.c, 14 distinguishable; Tub.to 3.5
related to W. sucrensis Ritt. and W. multispina cm lg., 2.5 cm br., 2 cm h.; Ar. with a somewhat
Ritt. furrow-like extension; Rsp. 12-16, 1-4 cm lg.,
v. catarirensis Ritt.—l.c.: Bo. smaller; Sp. lower ones shorter; Csp. very variable in number,
weaker; Tub. smaller; Ar. woollier; more freely length and thickness, c. 10-15, c. 1.5-5 cm lg.,
offsetting (S. of Quiroya, near Catarire). yellow to yellowish-brown, little darker above; FI.
2.75-3.75 cm lg., to 3 cm 0 ; FI.2.75-3.75 cm lg., to
W. fldaiana(Backbg.) Werd. (T.) 3 cm 0 ; Fil. in 2 Ser., golden-yellow; style
Bo. mostly simple at first, greyish-green, to c. 12 cm greenish; Sti. white; Fr. 8 mm lg., 6 mm br.,
0 (or more?); R. thick, napiform, with a neck- greenish to reddish-brown; S. 1 mm lg.—Bolivia
constriction; Ar. large, thickly felty; Ri. resolved (Chuquisaca, Prov. Oropeza, near Chuquichuqui).
almost completely into round Tub.; Rsp. c. 9, to 3 Unfortunately no photo was published to accom­
cm lg.; Csp. 3-4, to 5 cm lg.; all Sp.straw-coloured pany the description, so that the relationship with
to violet-black, with transitions between these W. hediniana cannot now be verified. Ritter points
colours, all curving, mostly upwards, interlacing, to the following main differences: in W. hediniana
projecting ± obliquely upwards, later densely Ar. oblong, Fil. in 2 Ser., style green; in W. lanata
enveloping the Bo.; FI. yellow, to 3 cm lg., Ar. round, Fil. in 1 Ser., style white. Differences in
remaining open at night, glabrous, scaly; Fr.small, the form of the Ov. are less important since this can
oblong-spherical, dehiscing basally; S.only few.— be very variable, as I have seen for myself in several
S. Bolivia (Tupiza). FI.; FI.-size is not appreciably divergent. Since W.
The Tub. are not quite round but have 6 ± lanata is widespread in the mountains between Rio
rounded angles. In the face of the “lumping” Grande and Rio Pilcomayo, and the Csp., for
process popular with American authors, I consider instance, are very variable, there is still the
W. westii (Hutch.) Backbg. more likely to be a possibility of a relationship at subspecific level. In
straighter-spined variety of the above spec., the Sp. W. neocumingii too the shape of the Ar. differs,
+ concolorous. Admittedly it is oblong, but I have being round or oblong. The dimensions given for
observed this also in W. fidaiana; both plants have W. hediniana refer to imported plants I have
the same taproot, with a neck-constriction, the observed; this does not mean the plants cannot
numbers of Sp., both radials and centrals, is grow larger because often only smaller specimens
approximately the same; true, the FI. is rather are collected. Acc. Ritter, W. lanata has the
longer—but Ritter has mentioned similar vari­ greatest diameter but I cannot exclude the possi­
ability in the plants described by him: in W. bility that similarly sized plants may be found in
erinacea, for instance, a difference of 1 cm in other spec., e.g. W. hediniana.
length and 1 cm in 0 : moreover the illustration of
an older plant shows close similarity to the above W. lecoriensis Card.—“Cactus”, 19:82, 47-48.
spec. 1964.
Bo. spherical, with thick R.; Ri. 13-19; Sp. 12-14,
IW. gracilispina (FR 954): no description available. stiffly acicular, light grey, to 3.5 cm lg.; FI.3 cm lg.,
yellow.—Bolivia (Chuquisaca, between Lecori and
W. hedinianaBackbg. Sivingamayu, 3200 m).
Bo. simple, rather oblong, without a constricted Cardenas makes a comparison of this spec, with W.
taproot, to 10 cm h. and 6 cm 0 has been noted, westii, but unfortunately not with W. fidaiana. The 3
intense green; crownwith thick white wool (plants spec, undoubtedly form a close-knit complex.
in habitat); Ri.c. 16, consisting of roundish Tub.,
these narrowly connected; Ar.white-woolly, thick, W. longigibba Ritt.—C. & S.J. of Gr. Brit., 23:1,
wool increasing towards the crown; Rsp. 12-14, 8.1961.
whitish, brown at first above, spreading sideways, Bo. spherical at first, later oblong, to 9 cm 0 , later
fairly stout but variable in thickness, ± curving, to offsetting from below, light green, without a thick
2.5 cm lg,; Csp. 4 more clearly differentiated, taproot; Ri.c. 10-13 recognisable; Tub. to c. 4 cm
coloured as the Rsp. or rather darker, + slightly lg., to 2.5 cm br., without a chin below the Ar.; Ar.
curving; FI.fairly numerous around the crown, to 3 to 1.25 cm lg., more woolly at the point of floral
cm lg. and 0 , Sc. few; Fil. and style white.— insertion, but less so than in W. lanata; Rsp.c. 7-12,
Bolivia (road to Sucre? [Card.]). to 2.5 cm lg., lower ones shortest; Csp. 3-8, stiff,

509
WEINGARTIA

1.5-3.5 cm 1g. ; Sp. greyish-brown, rather darker neocumingii; Sp. fairly firm, only a few mm lg.;
above, straight or only slightly curving; FI.to 3.5 v. corroana (Card.) Backbg. (W. pulquinensis v.
cm lg. and 0 , opening widely, golden-yellow, with corroana Card.): Ri. 11-15, divided into fairly
spatulate Pet.; Fil. light yellow; style green; Sti. large Tub. to 2 cm br.; Ar. 1cm lg., elliptic; Rsp.
pale yellow; Fr. green, 1 cm lg.; S. 1 mm lg.— 18; Csp. 1; all Sp. subulate, never bristly, 1.5-3
Bolivia (Prov. Oropeza, on the Rio Chico). cm lg., grey; FI. 3 cm lg., pale yellow; Sti.
green.—Bolivia (Florida, Pulquina-Saipina).
W. multispina Ritt.-—Nat. C. & S.J. (Gr. Brit.), 16: Since Cardenas himself at first considered this
7. 1961. plant to be a variety of some spec, insufficiently
Bo. hemispherical, to over 14 cm 0 , later elon­ differentiated from W. neocumingii, it is ob­
gated, green, simple, without a taproot ; Ri.divided viously very variable; Cardenas erroneously
into numerous rather oblong Tub. c. 0.75 cm lg., held “Echus. cumingii” to be no longer identifi­
with a chin-like prominence below the Ar. ; Ar.with able, presumably because he was unaware of the
pale brownish felt at first ; Sp.all alike, concolorous numerous specimens in European collections.
yellowish-brownish to brownish-red, not dark- Since Cardenas re-discovered W. neocumingii
tipped, straight, + stiff, sharp, c. 25-30, thin, to 1 (as “W. pulquinensis”) and particularly in the
cm lg., spreading, passing over into 20-25 Csp., to light of the known variability, it becomes
almost twice as long, 1-2 cm lg. ; FI.numerous, c. 2 essential to examine whether or not some of
cm lg., 1.5 cm 0 , golden-yellow with a slight green Ritter’s spec, are better regarded as varieties of
tinge, Pet. spatulate; Fil. pale yellow; style one of the similar plants mentioned above, e.g.
greenish-yellow; Sti.pale yellow; Fr.to 8 mm lg., 7 W. hediniana-lanata, W. longigibba-
mm br., yellowish or brownish or mid-green; S.c. riograndensis, W. multispina and the plant
0.65 mm lg.—Bolivia (Cochabamba, Aiquile). known as W. pulquinensis in Buining’s col­
lection.
W. neocumingiiBackbg. In “Cactus”, 19: 82, 49. 1964, Cardenas published
Bo.to 20 cm h. (when grafted), 10 cm 0 , darker or as a distinct spec.—W. corroana Card.—the plant
lighter green, simple ; Ri.divided into c. 16-18 R. of he had previously described as W. pulquinensis v.
Tub., these + 4-sided below to + flat and 6-sided; corroana Card. In view of the preceding, I cannot
Rsp.to c. 16; Csp. to c. 10, the latter rather stouter regard it as more than a variety of W. neocumingii.
than the radiais; all Sp. ± projecting, radiating,
whitish-yellow, tipped dark yellow, rather darker W. neumanniana (Backbg.) Werd.
in the crown; Ar. oblong or round (Berger); FI. Bo.to only 7 cm lg., 5 cm 0 , velvety, greyish-green,
appearing from the upper part of the Bo. to far with a much longer, divided taproot with a neck-
down on the sides, often several simultaneously constriction; Ri. c. 14, made indistinctly tuber-
from one Ar., to 2.5 cm lg., orange-yellow to culate by the transverse indentations or thickenings
golden-yellow, reputedly also tending towards above the Ar., but with rather indistinctly 6-angled
brick-colour.—Bolivia (probably Prov. Florida). Tub. towards the crown; Ar. c. 1 cm apart; Rsp.c.
(Fig. 451, left.) 6, rigid, sharp, spreading, projecting; Csp. mostly
The type-species stays ± spherical, the Sp. are 1, to 2.2 cm lg., rather longer than the Rsp.; all Sp.
more brownish and the FI. are more numerous and dark brown to reddish-black; FI.c. 2.5 cm lg. and
borne over a longer period ; in v. flavispina hort. the approximately as br., yellow to reddish-orange.—
Bo. soon becomes more columnar, strongly over­ N. Argentina (N. of Humahuaca).
topped by yellowish, fairly dense Sp., with the FI. v. aurantiaBackbg.—Descr. Cact. Nov. Ill: 15.
borne only sparingly and not until mid-summer. 1963: Bo. becoming larger, velvety, dull dark
At one time both forms were generally known in olive-green; Ar. + round, white; Sp. 1— 4, black
collections. In the light of the variability of Sp.- (or lighter?); FI. reddish-orange, more reddish
colour, Ar.-shape and FI.-colour as well as the outside, more orange inside.—N. Argentina?
density of the Sp., it seems advisable to study afresh (Fig. 452.)
the question of whether Ritter’s new descriptions in
fact represent valid spec. W. pulquinensis Card, W. pilcomayoensis Card.—“Cactus”, 19: 82.
must be regarded as belonging to the above spec.— 44-46. 1964.
even after my study of Cardenas’s plant in the Bo. spherical or broadly conical, to 13 cm h., to 12
Botanical Garden of “Les Cèdres”—or at most as cm 0 , bluish to reddish-green; Ri. c. 14, divided
one of the range of forms of this spec.; these into stout, broadly rounded Tub. to 1 cm h., 2 cm
remarks also apply to the following variety :— br.; Ar. on the upper side of the Tub., round or
v. brevispina hort. : an unusually short-spined elliptic, to 1 cm lg., grey; Rsp. 12-15, rather
form of W. neocumingii which I saw in projecting or appressed sideways, 5-20 mm lg..
Andreae’s collection, raised from seed of W. Csp. 1-4, 2-3 cm lg., those in the upper part of the
510
 WEINGARTIA

Bo. directed towards the crown; ail Sp. acicular, dense; Fil. golden-yellow style greenish; Sti.
whitish, tipped grey or brown, thickened below; FI. cream; Ov. light green, with rounded whitish Sc.,
4 cm lg., yellow; Tu.greenish-yellow; Ov. greenish- green below; Fr. c. 6 mm lg., 4 mm 0 , green to
white, 5 mm lg.; Fil., style (above) and Sti. reddish or brownish-green; S. 0.75 mm lg.—
yellow.—Bolivia (Prov. Saavedra, Dept. Potosí, on Bolivia (E. of Sucre, Cuesta del Desmeador, 2500
the road from Puente Pilcomayo to Otuyo, 2400 m ).
m ). Acc. Ritter, closely related to W. erinacea.

W. platygonaCard.—Cactus, 19: 82, 50-51. 1964. W. torotorensisCard.

Bo. cylindric, ± tapering above, to 12 cm lg., 5.5 Bo. spherical, 4 cm h., 7 cm 0 , fresh green, crown
cm 0 , suffused deep purple; Ri.c. 12, divided into sunken; Ri. c. 20, irregularly divided into short,
rounded but not prominent Tub.; Ar. 1cm apart, 3 hatchet-shaped, spotted Tub. 10 mm h., 8 mm br.
mm lg., grey; Rsp. 12-14, ± appressed to rather below; Ar. 12 mm apart, elliptic, 6-8 mm lg., grey-
projecting; Csp.2, directed upwards, to 1.2 cm lg.; felty; Sp. very unequal, 3-20 mm lg., pectinate,
all Sp.acicular, thin, whitish; FI.2.5 cm lg., limb ± sharp, grey to whitish, some of them curving
zygomorphic; Pet. golden-yellow; Sep. and Ov. above; FI.numerous, in a ring, funnel-form, 3.5 cm
purple; Fil.yellow; styleyellowish-green.—Bolivia lg., 3 cm 0 , light purple; Ov.light green with thick
Potosí, near Millares, 3000 m). An interesting, Sc. 3 mm lg., with white FI. in their axils; Tu. very
clearly differentiated and rare spec., with rather short, with light green Sc.; Sep. light purple; Pet.
small FI. purple, whitish below; Fil. purple below, whitish
above; stylewhite, with 7 light yellow Sti.—Bolivia
W. pulquinensis Card, and v. corroana Card.: see (Bilbao, Dept. Potosí near Toro-Toro, at 2000 m).
under Weingartia neocumingii Backbg. and v. Named for its place of origin.
corroana(Card.) Backbg.
W. vilacayensis Card.—“Cactus”, 19: 82, 46-47.
VV.riograndensis Ritt.—C. & S.J. Gr. Brit., 23: 1, 1964.
9-10. 1961. Bo. subspherical, to 6 cm h., 12 cm 0 ; Ri. c. 26,
Bo. hemispherical, green, lacking a thick taproot, tuberculate; Ar. to 2 cm apart, elliptic, 6 mm lg.,
becoming rather oblong; old plants occasionally grey; Sp. 17-23, acicular, compressed, mostly
offset somewhat from the base; Ri. tuberculate; pectinate, a few more projecting and clothing the
Tub.to 2 cmlg., 1.5cmbr., 1cm h., without a chin; Bo. fairly densely, greyish-white, thickened below,
Ar. 8 mm lg., 4 mm br., with plentiful white wool in 0.5-3 cm lg.; FI. 5-6 cm lg., yellow; Tu., Ov. and
the upper part; Rsp. c. 5-10, to 2 cm lg.; Csp. 3-6, stylegreen.—Bolivia (Prov. Linares, near Vilacaya,
stiffer, to 1.5 cm lg.; all Sp. spreading, yellowish- 3200 m). Spec, of quite strongly divergent habit;
grey to greyish-brown at first, lowest ones shortest; Sp. dense and very fine.
FI.to 3 cm lg., 2.75 cm 0 , opening widely, golden-
yellow, Pet. rounded to tapering, upper Sc. W. vorwerkii (Fric) Backbg. and var. n. comb.—
brownish-red, with a light border; Fil.white; style Descr. Cact. Nov. I ll: 16. 1963: for description, see
pale green; Sti.pale yellow; Ov.pale green; Fr.to 1 under Neowerdermannia Fric.
cm lg., 0.75 cm 0 , yellowish to reddish-green; S. 1
mm lg.—Bolivia (Rio Grande, near Puente Arce). W. westii Hutch.: appears more likely to be a form
(Fig. 451, right.) (FR813.) of Weingartia fidaiana (Backbg.) Werd. Data as
follows: Bo. later elongated and cylindric, to 20
W. sucrensisRitt.—Nat. C. & S.J. (Gr. Brit.), 16:8. cm lg., 8 cm 0 , dark green or reddish; R. with a
1961. neck-like construction; Ri. 14, divided into 6-sided
Bo. depressed-spherical, eventually hemispherical, Tub. 1.5 cm br., 1 cm lg.; Ar. to 7 mm lg., with
to 15 cm 0 , always simple, green, with a short whitish or yellowish-brown felt; Rsp. 9-11, to 3 cm
taprootand a neck-like constriction; Ri.numerous, lg., + erect or weakly curving; Csp. 1-4, scarcely
entirely divided into Tub. to 1.5 cm lg., 0.75 cm br., differentiated, to 3.5 cm lg.; all Sp. white, tipped
0.75 cm h., with a small chin-like prominence below brownish, fairly straight, mostly directed upwards;
the Ar.; Ar.white-felty, to 8 mm lg., 4 mm br., felt FI.4 cm lg., 3.5 cm 0 ; Pet.yellow; Sc.greenish; Fr.
only short; Rsp. 10-15, rather thin, 0.75-2 cm lg., spherical, to 9 mm 0 . —Bolivia (Potosí, Cuchu
passing over into the Csp., the bottom ones Ingenio). See also under W. fidaiana. Given the
shortest; Csp. 6-12, stouter, 1-2 cm lg.; Sp. divergences mentioned under W. neocumingii as
spreading in all directions, light or greyish-brown, well as those given by Ritter for FI.-length, the
dark-tipped; FI. 3.25 cm lg., to 3 cm 0 , golden- above description is not sufficient evidence for
yellow, Pet. tapering above and below, Sc. fairly specific rank. (FR 818.)
511
WERCKLEOCEREUS—WILCOXIA

Werckleocereus Br. & R. (44) 1-3 mm lg., acicular, swollen below; FI. to over 10
cm lg.; Tu. and Ov. with tufts of yellow to brown
Clambering or epiphytic Cerei with aerial roots, the acicular Sp.; Pet. white, + denticulate; stylepale
ribs scarcely or weakly notched, the areoles with yellow, not projecting; Sti. white:
short bristles or weak spines. The attractive white Fr.?— Guatemala (in the W.).
flowers are nocturnal and rather shortly fun-
nelform, with an only moderately broad perianth, W. tonduzii(Web.) Br. & R. (T.)
while the tube is relatively stout. Tube and ovary Bo.branching and bush-like; St.robust, with 3(-4)
have black woolly felt and spines. The fruit is angles, deep green, not frosted, c. 2.5 cm 0 ; Ri.
spherical and spiny. 2 species described. (angles) virtually without notches; Ar.small, rather
The uncertainly based classification on which felty; Sp.0, or replaced by weak Br.; FI.to 8 cm lg..
Kimnach’s publications rest is shown by the fact creamy-white; Tu.and Ov.with clusters of dark Sp.
that he—and later Buxbaum—referred “Werckleo­ arising from the black-felty Ar.; Fr. spherical,
cereus imitans Kimn. & Hutch.” to Werckleo­ lemon-yellow, with many Ar. and thin Sp.—Costa
cereus, mentioning “habitual convergence” by Rica (Copey, near Santa Maria de Dota). (Fig.
comparison with similar species of Epiphyllum 453.)
having dentate flat shoots. Perhaps it was because I
drew his attention to the unmistakably cereoid
nature of Werckleocereus (making “habitual Wigginsia D.M. Porter (109)
convergence” an irrelevance since the species has
all the characters of Alexander’s Genus Crypto- “Taxon”, XIII: 210-211 (July) 1964. (Malaco-
cereus) that “W. imitans” was again transferred— carpus SD. non Fisch. & Mey.). Salm-Dyck’s name,
this time not to Cryptocereus, however, but (with in use for over 100 years, had to be changed because
dubious comparative drawings) to Eccremocactus, the proposal of R. S. Byles (1957) that Malaco-
even although the latter, according to the original carpus SD. should be declared a nomen con-
diagnosis, only occasionally shows traces of felt on servandum was not admitted. The valid com­
the ovary, whereas in “Eccremocactus imitans and binations are given here in Malacocarpus,with each
E. rosei” it is prickly (a divergent character), specific name.
and the fruit similarly; in Eccremocactus the latter The genius was re-named for Dr. Ira Wiggins.
is naked. Details were also provided as to where USA.
plant-material had been deposited, and so on. But
it did not occur to anyone to send me material for W. comantii Ritt. (FR 1427): no description
examination, probably because the answer was available.
seen as a foregone conclusion: what sense is there
in having a type-species for a genus, with a W. horstii Ritt. and v. juvenaliformis (FR 1402 1

corresponding generic diagnosis, if one later adds no description available.

species in which the line of floral reduction shows
quite divergent characters so that the differences W. leprosorum Ritt. (FR 1272): no description
become obscured, a “genus sensu latiore” is available.
created and this, in turn, is just as dubious as the
earlier inclusion of “Werckleocereus imitans” in W. prolifera Ritt. (FR 1403) and v. longispina Ritt
Werckleocereus; worse still, it ignores the existence (FR 1403A): no description available.
of an appropriate genus which is already in being.
Every detail could be disputed, but this has little
point in the absence of any clearly defined and Wilcoxia Br. & R. (138)
logical principle of classification for the whole
family such as is demonstrated by the story of Small to dwarf shrubs with + napiform or
“Werckleocereus imitans Kimn. & Hutch”. This tuberously thickened roots; the many-ribbec
just seems to be a case of “doing something branches are thin, flexible and ± soft-fleshy
mostly with short or in part fine hair-like or bristle­
different”, without understanding the effects on the
family overall.—Distribution: Costa Rica and like spines. The flowers in general open during the
Guatemala. [Vigorous-growing epiphytes.] day; they are moderately large and funnelform
coloured white, red or purplish-pink, set with
W. glaber(Eichl.) Br. & R. bristly spines, and appear high on the flanks of the
Bo. clambering, pale green, somewhat frosted; St. shoot or apically; there is in fact one species in
slender, 3-angled, c. 2 cm 0;Ri.(or angles) with + which the shoot-tip mostly passes directly over t
ladder-like projections at the Ar.; Ar. on the the flower. In one species the flowers are said to be
prominences, to 4 cm apart, small; Sp. 2-4, short, nocturnal, a phenomenon which is parallelled in a
512
 WILCOXIA

: ■ species of the Genus Echinocereus with which Fr.ovoid.—USA (S. Texas), Mexico (Coahuila).
« Icoxia is doubtless fairly closely related. The
! : ral tubes vary in length, being relatively long in W. pseudotomentosa Backbg., undescribed: similar
-. r. The ± woolly and bristly fruits are probably to W. tomentosa, with to 10 appressed Sp., rarely
_-»ays red, and the seeds are glossy black.— thickened below, 3 of these appressed upwards and
Distribution: USA (Texas) to Central Mexico and straw-coloured, 2 laterals, dark, and c. 5 directed
3 _ a California. [Some plants can be grown on downwards, very thin, blackish-brown; Csp. 0; Ar.
■ ;.i own roots, others require grafting.] with grey curly H. concealing the Sp.-bases,
longer-persisting; FI. not known.—Origin ?
albiflora Backbg.
B*. forming a quite freely branching, very small W, schmollii(Wgt.) Backbg.
-.rib: branches smooth, tapering and woody Bo.with a napiform R.c. 7 cm lg.; branchesat first
isdow, to 15 cm lg., to 6 mm 0 , almost terete, light very thin in part, later stouter to clavate, weak (to c.
r*een: Ar.minute; Sp.c. 9-12, to c. 1 mm lg., very 2 cm 0 if the plant is grafted, which is recom­
: re, appressed; FI.mostly forming an extension of mended); Ri. 9-10, ± tuberculate; Sp. hair-like,
re shoot-tip, less often high on the sides, c. 2 cm unequal, to 7 mm lg., whitish, blackish or violet-
i . Pet. narrowly lanceolate, tapering, white or a blackish; FI. c. 3.5 cm lg., purplish-pink; Tu.
ery delicate pink; Tu. c. 1.3 cm lg., 3 mm 0 , covered with hair-like Sp.; Fr. ?—Mexico
-eddish-green, with to 12 white or brownish small (Queretaro).
3: -Sp.; Fr.?—Origin unknown, probably Mexico.
Haage adds: Mexico (Sonora).] (Fig. 454.) W. striata(Brand.) Br. & R.
Bo.with brownish, deeply penetrating R.;branches
W diguetii (Web.) Peebles: Peniocereus diguetii to c. 1 m lg., very thin, smooth, ash-grey to bluish-
Web.) Backbg. green ; Ri.9, indistinct; Sp.c.9,1. 5-3 mm lg., thin,
weak, appressed, coffee-coloured to ± black; FI.
mariana Gentry: Peniocereus marianus 10-12 cm lg., purple; Fr. pear-shaped, glossy,
Gentry) H. Sanchez-Mej. scarlet, bristly; S. finely pitted.—Mexico (Baja
California; acc. Br. & R., also Sonora).
W. nerispina: an undescribed plant, distributed by
Schmoll under this name, has longer, projecting, W. tamaulipensisWerd.
ght, dark-tipped Sp., 1-2 of these directed up Bo.very soft-fleshy, dark green; branchesto over 20
and/or down, particularly stout, arranged as Csp.; cm lg., cylindric, to thumb-thickness, new shoots
,n cultivation these latter Sp. apparently do not obliquely ascending, tip over-topped at first by
become as robust. whitish to blackish Sp., with little white wool; Ri.c.
10. divided by distinct longitudinal furrows; Rsp.c.
W. papiliosa Br. & R. 15-20, to 2.5 mm lg., bristly, upper ones shorter,
Bo. with a fleshy taproot to 7 cm lg., little dark brown or lighter, tipped brown; Csp. some­
branching; branches minutely papillose, otherwise times scarcely differentiated, 5-10, obliquely
smooth, to 40 cm lg., 3— 5—8 mm 0 ; Ri. c. 3-5, spreading, mostly shorter but stouter than the
indistinct; Ar. small, white-woolly; Sp. clustered, longest Rsp., more thickened below, blackish-
6-8 together, spreading horizontally, 1-3 mm lg., brown ; Sp. ± rough; FI.c. 5 cm lg., pale pink with
fine, with a bulbous thickening below, yellowish- a darker M.-stripe; Tu. with flocky wool and c.
brown; FI.4-5 cm lg., scarlet; Tu. with long white 15-20 fine Br.-Sp., those in the upper part of the
wool only (?) above, and several brown Br. 8-12 Tu. to 1 cm lg., concolorous white to blackish-
mm lg.; Fr. ?—Mexico (Sinaloa: Culiacan, Tin- brown; Fr. ?—Mexico (Tamaulipas).
amaxtita, San Ignacio; Guerrero: Canon del
Zopilote). W. tomentosaH. Bravo
Bo.branching to form a low shrub; branchesto 1.5
W. poselgeri(Lem.) Br. & R. (T.) cm 0 , cylindric, greyish-green, strongly tomentose
Bo. with several tuberous black R.; branches throughout the entire length; Ri.c. 7, rounded; Ar.
smooth, 30-60 cm lg., 6-10-15 mm 0 , cylindric, + 1.5-3 cm apart, round, glabrous; Rsp. 8-10, to 6
dark green; Ri. 8-10, indistinct; Ar. weakly felty; mm lg., acicular, flattened, stiff, appressed, thick­
Rsp. 9-12, c. 2 mm lg., straight, thin; Csp. 1, 5-10 ened below; Csp. 1, shorter, stouter; Sp.black; FI.
mm lg., thickened below, erect, white to darker, subapical, c. 9 cm lg.; Sep. lanceolate, brownish-
black-tipped; FI. 4-5 cm lg., lateral or terminal, pink, tomentose; Pet. in 2 Ser., pink suffused
agreeably scented; Pet.narrow, denticulate, widely purple; Tu. weakly curving above the Ov.; Fr.
spreading or revolute, light purple with a darker ovoid, noticeably tapering to both ends; S. pear-
centre; Tu. and Ov. with white wool and long Br.; shaped.—Mexico (Morelos, near Estacas).
513
WILCOXIA-WITTIA

W. viperina(Web.) Br. & R. i.e. an outer series of orange-red petals, and an

Bo.branching to form a lax bush, to 2 m h.; branches inner one of shorter, white to pink petals. The ±
(lower ones) woody, to 2 cm 0 , velvety, greyish to spherical green fruit splits above at maturity. The
olive-green; Ri.8-10; Ar. 1-2 cm apart, little felty; black seeds are finely tuberculate.—A monotypic
Rsp. 8-9, 3-5 mm lg., thin, thickened below, genus.—Distribution: Bolivia (Prov. Florida,
radiating laterally and appressed, black; Csp. 3-4 Fauces Yapacani). Since Gordon Rowley has
(or fewer), very short, conical, much thickened pointed out (Nat. Cact. & Succ. Journ., 19: 3, 33.
below, mostly directed downwards, blackish, all 1964) that Winteria Ritt. must be regarded as an
later falling; FI.to 6 cm lg.; Pet.slightly ciliate, red; orthographic variant of Wintera Murr., and the
Tu. with grey wool and thin Sp.; Fr.subspherical, genus therefore requires a new name, I have chosen
red.—Mexico (Puebla, between Tehuacan and Winterocereus as nomen novum, in order to retain
Zapotitlan). the name Ritter intended to commemorate. The
genus is close to Bolivicereus. [Referred by Rowley
W. zapilotensisMatuda to Borzicactus.Translator.]
Bo. to 4 m lg., thin; Ri. 16-20, scarcely recogniz­
able; Sp.6-9, minute, appressed, whitish, to 3 mm W. aureispinus(Ritt.) Backbg. n. nov. (T.)
lg.; Csp. 1-2, 2-3 mm lg., reddish-brown with a Bo. hanging, green; St.to 1.5 m lg., to 2.5 cm 0 :
dark tip; FI. 5 cm lg., reddish-purple.—Mexico Ri.16-17, with slight indentations between the Ar
(Zapilote Canyon, from the Rio Balsas to approx­ Ar. rounded, with light brown felt, 3-5 mm apart:
imately 40 km southwards). Named for the Rsp. c. 30, 4-10 mm lg., radiating, lateral ones
source-locality. longer; Csp. c. 20, rather stouter, upper ones
longer, often elongated on old shoots or on their
W. sp.: with nocturnal subapical FI.; Pet. brick-red flowering side; Sp.weak, flexible, straight, golden-
to carmine, inner ones shorter; Tu. conspicuously yellow ; FI. lateral, remaining open several days and
long. nights, ± curving, 4-6 cm lg., c. 5 cm 0 , inner Pet.
c. 10-12, to 8 mm lg., inclined towards the Fil..
outer ones c. 15-20, to 3.5 cm lg., widely spreading
Wilmattea Br. & R. (48) and revolute; Ov. with numerous Sc. and very
sparse short white H.—Distribution: see above
An epiphytic, thin-stemmed, clambering Cereus (FR 846). (Fig. 456.)
with aerial roots and few short spines. The
nocturnal flowers are mostly solitary, moderately
large although relatively broad, with a scarcely
recognizable tube, and narrow petals. The tube and WittiaK. Sch. (41)
ovary have traces of felt in the axils of some scales,
and up to 4 curly hairy bristles. The fruit is Small epiphytic shrubs, ± freely branching, with
unknown.—Distribution: Guatemala, Honduras. flat, leaf-like, oblong, notched, leaf-green stem-
[A vigorously growing epiphyte.] segments with a stout middle-rib, without spines.
The small cylindric flowers have a relatively long
W. minutiflora(Br. & R.) Br. & R. (T.) tube and only few petals which are fairly erect (does
Bo. climbing; St. 3-angled, angles acute but not the limb open more widely at night?); the anthers
winged, not horny; Ar. 2-4 cm apart; Sp. 1-3, are arranged in two groups of unequal length. The
minute, brownish; H. are also said to have been fruit is strongly angular, with a sunken floral scar.
observed; FI.white; Sep.linear, with a red M.-line the seeds are numerous, matt, black and fine!;,
and tip; Pet. to 3.5 cm lg., very narrow, tapering; pitted.—Distribution: Panama, Colombia to N
Fil. ± erect, attached to the lower part of the Pet.; Peru (Venezuela?). [Nothing is known of the
An. cream; stylewhite, c. 1.5 cm lg., overtopping cultural requirements of these plants; they are
the Fil.; Sti. c. 12, white below, pink above.— probably quite vigorous.]
Distribution: see above. (Fig. 455.)
W. amazónicaK. Sch. (T.)
Winterocereus Backbg. nom nov. (69) Bo.freely branching, shrub-like; branchespendant.
+ lanceolate, acute or obtuse, + strongly notched:
(Winteria Ritt., Kakt. u.a. Sukk., 13: 1,4-8.1962). constricted and stem-like at the base, with a stout
Pendant Cerei, branching freely from the base, with M.-rib, 15-40 cm lg., 4.5-9 cm br., leaf-green; FL
dense, delicate, golden-yellow spines. The clearly slightly bent, c. 2.5 cm lg., wine-red, outer Pet
differentiating character lies in the slightly curving porrect, inner ones more membranous, shorter.
flowers characterised by a kind of double corolla, Ov. very tuberculate, each Tub. furnished with
514
 -

WITTIA—ZYGOCACTUS

stout 3-angled Sc.—Peru (near Leticia and hilum. Rare in cultivation.—Distribution: NE.
Tarapoto).* Brazil, States of Piauhy and Joazeiro. [Nothing
known of cultural requirements.]
A costaricensis Br. & R.: Pseudorhipsalis hinian-
toclada(Rol.-Goss.) Br. & R. Z. chaetacantha (FR 1229): no description avail­
able.
W. himantoclada (Rol.-Goss.) Woods. & Shery:
Pseudorhipsalishimantoclada(Rol.-Goss.) Br. & R. Z. polygona (FR 1228): no description available.
W. panamensisBr. & R. Z. squamulosa Br. & R. (T.)
Bo. with shoots to 1 m lg., 4-7 cm br., weakly Bo. sometimes with a trunk, this then to 20 cm 0 ;
notched; FI. very numerous, solitary in the upper branchesto 4 m lg. (or more), 5-7 cm 0 , very spiny;
half of the shoot, stiff, ± 5-angled, purple, outer Ri. 17-20, low, fairly crowded; Ar. small, round;
Pet. obtuse, dorsally ribbed, erect, inner Pet. Sp. 10-15, to 3 cm lg., acicular, nut-brown; FI.c. 3
lighter, much smaller than the outer ones, pointed; cm lg.; Pet. oblong, c. 4 mm lg., white; Fr.c. 2 cm
Ov. not tuberculate, with a few membranous Sc.; 0 , with dried floral remains; S. 1 mm lg.—
Fr. greenish-white to scarlet.—Panama (near Distribution: see above. (Fig. 458.)
Chepo), Colombia (near Marrangati), Venezuela ? Werdermann united this genus with Leocereus, but
(Fig. 457.) (See footnote to W. amazonica.) the latter is never tree-like while its flowers are
bristly and have no staminodial hairs inside.
Yungasocereus Ritt. (57)
Distantly related to Trichocereus and Cleisto- Zygocactus K. Sch. (31)
cactus; branching trees with white bellshaped
flowers”. Only one species known: Yungasocereus One of the best loved and most widely grown
microcarpus Ritt. No further details have been genera of the Cactaceae because the type-species
made known, and I cannot trace any description. flowers freely, especially around Christmas, so that
Young plants branch when slender-columnar; they its popular name is “Christmas Cactus” or in
have 7 rounded Ri. 3 mm br. and h.; Ar. round, German “Gliederkaktus”, because of its short, +
white, 1 cm apart; Rsp. c. 5, thin, 2-5 mm lg.; Csp. dentate stem-segments. In this case the frequent
1, porrect, 8 mm lg. or rather more, dull yellowish- name-changes go a long way back in time. Pfeiffer
white, faintly reddish above at first. Plant probably described this plant as “Epiphyllum”, at a time
becoming relatively large, but the fruit, on the basis when the “leaf-cacti” were known throughout the
of the name, must be small whole world as Phyllocactus. Instead of retaining
both names, i.e. declaring them nomen con-
servandum, which would have been the most
Zehntnerella Br. & R. (136) appropriate course, and because Haworth had at
first understood Epiphyllum to be a “leafy” cactus,
Tree-like plants from NE. Brazil, sometimes with a this latter name was chosen only for species of that
shorter trunk, branching quite freely from + close kind, while the plants with small stem-segments,
to the base; branches ascending, tapering. The previously generally known as “Epiphyllum”,
white flowers are small and the petals minute; there received the name Zygocactus K. Sch.
is a ring of long white hairs at the base of the tube- This re-naming complicated the synonymy un­
interior. The tube is short but recognisable, it and necessarily because the name Epiphyllum, pre­
the ovary being furnished with small scales which ferred by Britton and Rose, could perfectly well
have white axillary hairs. The small-spherical fruits have been applied to Zygocactus as a nomen
contain very small, rough-tuberculate, brownish to conservandum, in the same way as Britton and
blackish seeds with a large, basal, slightly sunken Rose’s “Cactus L.” was declared from that time to
be validly called Melocactus (Toum.) Lk. & O.,
’ Translator’s note: Interested readers should see the which merely reflected general usage. But this was
article by W. Barthlott and W. Rauh in Kakt. u.a. Sukk., not an end to the name-changes. R. Moran recently
27.7: 145-150. 1976, which includes a detailed de­
scription, a colour-photo of a flowering shoot, drawings
referred Zygocactus K. Sch. as a subgenus to
of flower and stamens, and SEM-photos o f seed and Schlumbergera Lem., the oldest genus for any such
pollen-grains; recent discoveries have shown the plant to re-naming. A good old name was thus quite
be synonymous with W. panamensis Br. & R. (The plants unnecessarily “sunk” (despite the fact that com­
proved extremely difficult to transport to Europe, so that mercial nurseries and florists mostly still call the
they are unlikely to become common in our collections!) plants Epiphyllum), as the internal floral structure
515
ZYGOCACTUS

is quite divergent in the two plants (see also under see my Fig. 667 in “Die Cact.”, II: 730. 1959,
Schlumbergera). showing a Zygocactus flowering from the lateral
But the line of reduction in shoot-form is not, and areoles, and with a slender, top-shaped to spherical
cannot be, my sole criterion for delimitation of the ovary such as is typical of the genus; Berger’s
genera. Rauh, for instance, says in his writings that drawing of the fruit also deserves attention
classifications mostly overlook vegetative charac­ (“Entwicklgsl., 29. 1926”) since the shape is indeed
ters, an objection which I have tried to overcome in top-shaped but there is a faint longitudinal line
cases like the Opuntioideae by my threefold which is intended to show a slight (but not winged!)
division based on body-forms. Nevertheless certain angle, surmounted by a disc-like floral scar (which
variations in floral structure cannot be ignored in Knebel maintained was the lid of the fruit, by which
every case, i.e. if the line of reduction is not by itself it opened), whereas my illustration of a laterally
sufficient for a satisfactory delimitation. Zyg- flowering Zygocactus shows a smoothly rounded
ocactus belongs to the Subgroup “Epiphylli” ovary. Berger’s representation may show one of the
which has for a long time been in great confusion, innumerable hybrids. I suggested that the laterally
as is shown by the frequent name-changes, flowering Zygocactus—a very rare phenomenon
principally because of the failure to classify all the which had never previously been seen in Europe—
species involved strictly according to naturally- should be called Vollia, in memory of my friend
occurring external and inner differences, and Voll, formerly of the Botanical Garden in Rio de
vegetative form. Because of this failure, many Janeiro, who assisted me for many^ years with
details remained unknown although this is a clear numerous helpful details regarding the problems of
instance where extraordinary variation of num­ classifying the Brazilian Hylocereeae; but after his
erous characters is observable within a relatively departure from Rio de Janeiro I received no further
small area. For this reason the present group material, and could thus not undertake any further
requires a different treatment, and it is not a observations, so that I did not attempt a de­
satisfactory solution to include Zygocactus under scription. Nevertheless it seems to me perfectly
Schlumbergera: a plant with fairly regular flowers, possible that the apical flowers of this species
which can scarcely still be found in the wild. This represent only an evolutionary phenomenon, or
leads all too easily to floral differences being that Voll’s photo illustrates a more primitive form:
overlooked, and replaces a well-known name with in other words the ancestors of Zygocactus may
that of a virtually extinct genus. The flowers of have flowered laterally. The form of stem-segments
Zygocactus diverge in the following characters is somewhat variable, the teeth along the margin
from those of Schlumbergera: they have a fairly being shorter and more rounded, or longer and
long, true corolla-tube and are strongly zygomor- more acute. Divergent flower-colours, e.g. brick-
phic, the limb is revolute, the anthers are long- red with a white tube, represent at most varieties (v.
projecting*, the inner series of filaments is united altensteinii, v. delicatus; in the latter the flowers are
into a short tube at the base of the floral tube, with white only in a shady position; given more light
an inwardly-curving membranous annulus**, the they are pink). Shades of orange suggest hy­
ovary and the fruit are typically top-shaped to bridisation. These differences have given rise to
spherical. Only a more precise delimitation of this many different names; the loveliest violet-colourec
kind can ensure clarity in a case like this. Moreover flower is a brilliant blue-violet. The genus has
there are Zygocactus cultivars with a ± angular shown itself to be particularly suitable for the
ovary, where the inner series of filaments does not professional grower.—Distribution: Brazil (State
form a tube and has no folded membrane. Some of Rio de Janeiro). [Propagation is easy and quick
time ago I saw in Santos a specialist’s collection of by means of small cuttings in a heated bed. Where
numerous cultivars, some of them doubtless plants have been forced, bud and flower-drop is
originating in crosses with genera possessing an often noticed when the position is altered relative tc
angular ovary, from which the plants with a the light-source; but where plants are kept
zygocactoid flower had been selected. Natural throughout the summer in the open air or in a cool
variations of flower-colour are only present where shady position, this phenomenon never occurs
the ovary is top-shaped to spherical. Even then it is The use of an inorganic fertiliser which is low in
doubtful whether the plant now regarded as v. nitrogen but richer in potassium-phosphate pro­
altensteinii is in fact the true variety, at least if one motes growth and better bud-development.]
judges by Pfeiffer’s illustration. It is interesting to
Z. truncatus(Haw.) K. Sch. (T.)
*Cf. limb-variations in Epiphyllanthus. Bo. forming bushes or small shrubs, to 30 cm lg.
** As in Epiphyllanthus, although here the inner series of shoots consisting of several Seg., each of these t :
filaments does not arise from the base, and is not united 4.5 cm lg., to 2.5 cm br., with 2-4 ± acute teeth
into a short tube. along each margin, the upper ones usually larger
516
 ZYGOCACTUS-DISTRIBUTION

At. weakly felty, with c. 1-3 short fine Br., pale to The maps are also intended as a geographical
blackish, the apex similarly, on either side of the summary of my Classification since they provide the
broad flowering Ar.; FI. apical, single or paired, comparative information necessary for under­
rarely in 3’s, to 6.5-8 cm lg., pink to deep or violet- standing it, as well as showing clearly the basis for
red in different shades; Ov. top-shaped, terete, certain conclusions.
reddish to light carmine, naked; Tub.curving close
to the Ov., with the Pet. arranged in several Ser.; Study of the different ranges immediately reveals
limb very oblique; Fil. in 2 Ser., one of these that in each subfamily two separate centres of
attached to the Tu., the second surrounding the distribution are recognizable, even in the Peires-
base of the style, with an incurved membranous kioideae (2). Here the basin of the Amazon is not
annulus, all carmine; style carmine; Sti. 5-6; Fr. only the limiting factor but this region, because of
obovoid or pear-shaped, pinkish-red, translucent, its early history, explains two facts: the partial
c. 1cm lg., with a ± distinct floral scar; S.smooth, overlaying of the major southern area of the
black.—Brazil (mountains in the State of Rio de Cereoideae by its northern counterpart; and
Janeiro). (Fig. 459.) secondly the fragmentation of the western distri­
v. altensteinii(Pfeiff.) Borg: this name is applied butions (15). The categories Austrocereeae and
to a plant with a whitish Tu. and brick-red Pet.; Boreocereeae (11 and 14) are vital to an under­
v. crenulatusBorg: more strongly dentate; standing of the dual nature of the respective
v. delicatus(N.E. Brown) Borg: a variety which ranges; only the two higher categories—Semi-
bears white FI. if grown in a shady position, but Tribes 1 and 2—can adequately represent the
pink ones in stronger light; with a ring of phenomenon of the separation of these major
protuberances (instead of a fold) at the base of distributions, and at the same time the geographi­
the Tu.; cal basis of the completely distinct major northern
v. violaceus hort.: probably a hybrid, with FI. of and southern distributions of the spherical cacti (13
a stronger brilliant violet. and 18). If the history of the Amazon basin is taken
A number of other names have been erected for as a starting point, then one has to conclude that
hybrids, some of which show attractive FI.-colours. the tropical belt was once situated far further south
From France there is the name Epiphyllum than now; and in the present Amazon basin there
bridgesii Lem.: these plants were more yellowish- existed an important distribution of cacti belonging
green, glossy, the Seg. + ovate, weakly notched, FI. to the northern groups which has now largely
pink suffused carmine, more regular in shape, with disappeared. Although formerly continuous, it is
a green angular Ov.; Schumann himself pointed now represented only by the fragmented distri­
out the relationship with Schlumbergera russ- butions shown on map 15. In this view, the
eliana, indicating the possibility of hybridisation; southern zone must be seen more or less as an
however it could also have been a cross with outpost, the focal point in the south-west suggest­
Epiphyllopsis gaertneri since both these genera ing that more favourable conditions probably once
have angular ovaries. More recently still further existed in the area of the early Andean elevation, or
hybrids have been raised, including some with from there northwards. This explains why genera
salmon-coloured FI., with variously sized Seg. In such as Cleistocactus, Frailea and Wigginsia, at the
general the crosses, most of them recognisable by westward limits of their ranges, penetrated far
the angular Ov., have proved robuster, i.e. they northwards on a kind of vegetative bridge such as
need not be grafted as was formerly the custom, other authors have also felt obliged to assume.
especially in the case of the type-species; grafting Thus the northern zone must at one time have
was also resorted to —quite unnecessarily—for extended far to the south, in a more cohesive
Epiphyllopsis and Rhipsalidopsis. distribution than now at first sight seems likely.
Quite apart from the Peireskieae (2), vital test­
imony to this effect is provided by the present
Distribution of the Cactaceae range of Pilosocereus (Group Cephalocerei: 15)
and of Melocactus (Group Cephalocacti: 17).
The distributions of the different groups are shown
on the maps in the following pages. Figures in Populations like this, once continuous, now
brackets refer to the relevant maps. lost, provide the only explanation for genera
bearing marked similarities but widely separated
The maps show the distribution of the higher taxa, geographically, such as the Nyctocerei (15),
i.e. those above generic rank, since individual Eriocereus (in S. America) and Harrisia (pre­
genera can readily be identified by using the dominantly in the Greater Antilles and Florida), as
classification and the data contained in the well as the existence of other comparable distant
introductory notes on each genus. partial distributions, e.g. those of Monvillea and
517
DISTRIBUTION

Cereus (Group Gymnocerei: 15). The latter genus bears an interesting relationship to Dawson’s
must have had its origin more in north-eastern S. recent report that he had been told of a plant
America, long before the Amazon region first occurring in this archipelago which was almost
became a barrier, which explains its occurrence on certainly a Melocactus. These overlapping distri­
Fernando Noronha whence it spread only to the butions of north-western S. America are reinforced
southern Antilles. On the other hand map 18 shows by the simultaneous occurrence in Colombia of
how the southerly distribution of Mammillaria Mammillaria (18), Frailea and Wigginsia—genera
crossed the West Indian island-bridge into Col­ of which the present foci are situated respectively
ombia. well to the north and far to the south of that
country. In the New World the overall range of the
The distributions of the western S. American Hylocereeae (9), which demand more tropical
Austrocereinae and Austrocactinae stretch far to conditions, thus occupies a central position. The
the north—in other words, along this vegetative “void” in the dense primeval rain-forests of the
bridge—thus explaining the extension of the Amazon basin appears to be explained by their
former to the Galapagos Islands. relatively recent development. As for the Cephalo-
cacti, or the Melocacti, it is logical to assume that
A reconstruction of the prehistoric scene, based on the little-explored interior of north-western S.
the residual populations of our day, supports the America may still contain partial distributions of
view that in the north-west of the S. American the kind proved by earlier known finds (17), as well
continent quite unusual overlapping of the nor­ as the newer discoveries of Rauh in the north-west
thern and southern distributions within the Cac- hinterland of N. Peru, where Melocactus was
taceae has taken place, independently of the encountered on the right bank of the River
question of how the endemic taxa of the Galapagos Maraflon.
Islands have arisen. This problem has counter­
parts, for instance in the origin of the extension of
Cereus to Fernando Noronha, or the eastwards The distribution maps—quite apart from their
distribution of the Group Rhipsalides (9) into the interest in helping to recreate earlier conditions—
Old World. The north-western part of S. America also show that phylogenetic concepts are not in
thus poses many interesting questions: how did the themselves an adequate basis on which to erect a
“eastern” Monvillea species of Ecuador and N. convincing systematic classification; all the evi­
Peru for instance cross what is admittedly one of dence revealed by phytogeography must also be
the lower parts of the Andean chain and extend called upon, whatever the family under con­
almost down to the Pacific coast? While the sideration, and due weight must be given to
southern Opuntioideae are separated by a clear arguments based on factors of distribution. Until
lacuna from their northern brethren (see now little attention has been given to geobotanic
Platyopiuntae: 7), and present a distinctive group aspects affecting the Cactaceae. The distribution
of characters, the Opuntias of the Galapagos maps in the following pages show this to be a
Islands and the nearest parts of the S. American particularly fascinating aspect of these plants, and
continent must, on the basis of many similarities, one which fully merits much more study than
be included within the northern distribution. This hitherto.

518
Distribution Maps
520 DISTRIBUTION MAPS

Map 1: Family: Cactaceae

Distributions of the Subfamilies:
-----— Subfamily I : Peireskioideae
------- Subfamily II: Opuntioideae
--------Subfamily III: Cereoideae
 DISTRIBUTION MAPS 521

Tribe 1: Peireskieae*)
Tribe 2: Maihuenieae
*) In Florida probably only naturalised.
522 DISTRIBUTION MAPS

Map 3: Subfamily II: Opuntioideae

Distributions of the Tribes:
--------Tribe 1: Phyllopuntieae
-------- Tribe 2: Euopuntieae
--------Tribe 3: Pseudopuntieae
 DISTRIBUTION MAPS 523

Map 4: Subfamily II: Opuntioideae Distributions of the Subtribes:

Tribe 2: Euopuntieae --------- Subtribe 1: Cylindropuntiinae
-------- Subtribe 2: Sphaeropuntiinae
-------- Subtribe 3: Platyopuntiinae
524 DISTRIBUTION MAPS

Map 5: Subfamily II: Opuntioideae

Tribe 2: Euopuntieae
Subtribe 1: Cylindropuntiinae
Distributions of the Groups:
------------Group 1: Austrocylindropuntiae
------------Group2:Boreocylindropuntiae (Populations in Western S. America
introduced plants)
 DISTRIBUTION MAPS 525

Map 6: Subfamily II : Opuntioideae Distributions of the Groups:

Tribe 2: Euopuntieae ---------Group 1: Austrosphaeropuntiae
Subtribe 2: Sphaeropuntiinae -------- Group 2: Boreosphaeropuntiae
526 DISTRIBUTION MAPS

Map 7: Subfamily II: Opuntioideae

Tribe 2: Euopuntieae Southern Group: Subgroup 1: Brasiliopuntiae
Subtribe 3: Platyopuntiinae Northern Group: Subgroup 2: Consoleae
Distributions of the Groups: ---- Group 2: Platyopuntiae
---------Group 1: Cauliopuntiae ---- Group 3: Nopaleae
DISTRIBUTION MAPS 527

-------- Tribe 1: Hylocereeae

-------- Tribe 2: Cereeae
528 DISTRIBUTION MAPS

Map 9: Subfamily III: Cereoideae

Tribe 1: Hylocereeae
Distributions of the Subtribes, with Groups and Subgroups:
-------- Subtribe 1: Rhipsalidinae
Group 1: Rhipsalides:
Subgroup 1: Eurhipsalides (Old and New World)
Subgroup 2: Pseudorhipsalides (Central America and Jamaica,
western S. America)
Group 2: Epiphylloides (only in E. Brazil)
Subgroup 1: Mediorhipsalides
Subgroup 2: Epiphyllanthi
Subgroup 3: Epiphylli
-------- Subtribe 2: Phyllocactinae
Group 1: Phyllocacti
Subgroup 1: Euphyllocacti (Central Mexico to S. America,
southernmost Antilles)
Subgroup 2: Wittiae (north-western S. America)
-------- Subtribe 3: Hylocereinae (south-eastern area in Uruguay: dubious)
Group 1: Strophocerei
Subgroup 1: Nyctostrophocerei (inner Brazil)
Subgroup 2: Heliostrophocerei (Central America to Colombia)
Group 2: Nyctohylocerei
Subgroup 1: Selenicerei (southern USA, Central America,
W. Indies to S. America)
Subgroup 2: Hylocerei (Mexico through Central America,
northern S. America, western parts of the
Amazon basin, almost to the La Plata region)
Group 3: Heliohylocerei (only in Mexico)
DISTRIBUTION MAPS 529
530 DISTRIBUTION MAPS

Map 10: Subfamily III: Cereioideae

Tribe 2: Cereeae
Distributions of the Semitribes:
-------- Semitribe 1: Austrocereeae
--------Semitribe 2: Boreocereeae
 DISTRIBUTION MAPS 531

Map 11: Subfamily III: Cereoideae

Tribe 2: Cereeae
Semitribe 1: Austrocereeae
Distributions of the Subtribes:
-------- Subtribe 1: Austrocereinae
-------- Subtribe 2: Austrocactinae
532 DISTRIBUTION MAPS

Map 12: Subfamily III: Cereoideae

Tribe 2: Cereeae Subgroup 2: Nyctocorryocerei
Semitribe 1: Austrocereeae ------- Group 4: Gymnanthocerei
Subtribe 1: Austrocereinae --------Group 5: Loxanthocerei
Distributions of the Groups: Subgroup 1: Euloxanthocerei
--------- Group 1: Pfeififerae Subgroup 2: Brachyloxanthocere:
— x — Group 2: Milae ------- Group 6: Trichocerei
--------- Group 3: Corryocerei Subgroup 1: Nyctotrichocerei
Subgroup 1: Heliocorryocerei Subgroup 2: Heliotrichocerei
 DISTRIBUTION MAPS 533

Map 13: Subfamily III: Cereoideae Distributions of the Groups:

Tribe 2: Cereeae ------ Group 7: Lobiviae
Semitribe 1: Austrocereeae Subgroup 1: Eriolobiviae (these alone
Subtribe 2: Austrocactinae extending to Peru)
Subgroup 2: Chaetolobiviae
Subgroup 3: Gymnolobiviae
------- Group 8: Austroechinocacti
534 DISTRIBUTION MAPS

Map 14: Subfamily III: Cereoideae

Tribe 2: Cereeae
Semitribe 2: Boreocereeae
Distributions of the Subtribes:
-------- Subtribe 1: Boreocereinae
-------- Subtribe 2: Boreocactinae
(As far as known at present the Cereoideae are missing, in
Mexico, from the States Tabasco, Campeche and Quintana-Roo.)
 -

DISTRIBUTION MAPS 535

536 DISTRIBUTION MAPS

Map 15: Subfamily III: Ceroideae

Tribe 2: Cereeae
Semitribe 2: Boreocereeae
Subtribe 1: Boreocereinae
Distributions of the Groups (1):
-------—Group 1: Leptocerei
Subgroup 1: Nyctoleptocerei (Mexico to W. Indies)
Subgroup 2: Helioleptocerei (W. Indies)
---------Group 2: Leocerei (Brazil)
——— Group 4: Nyctocerei
-------- Group 8: Gymnocerei
Group 9: Cephalocerei
Subgroup 1: Acephalocerei
Subgroup 2: Hemicephalocerei
Subgroup 3: Eucephalocerei
--------Group 10: Cephalocacti (see Map 17)
(For Groups 3 and 5-7, which are not included here, see Map 16)
DISTRIBUTION MAPS 537
538 DISTRIBUTION MAPS

Map 16: Subfamily III: Cereoideae

Tribe 2: Cereeae
Semitribe: Boreocereeae
Subtribe 1: Boreocereinae
Distributions of the Groups (2):
—........Group 3: Echinocerei
-------- Group 5: Heliocerei
-------- Group 6: Pachycerei
---------Group 7: Polyanthocerei
Subgroup 1: Heliopolyanthocerei
Subgroup 2: Nyctopolyanthocerei
 DISTRIBUTION MAPS 539

Map 17: Subfamily III: Cereoideae Distributions of the Subgroups:

Tribe 2: Cereeae —----- Subgroup 1: Heliocephalocacti*)
Semitribe 2: Boreocereeae ------- Subgroup 2: Nyctocephalocacti
Group 10: Cephalocacti *) Apparently one species on the
Galapagos Is. (acc. Dawson)
540 DISTRIBUTION MAPS

Map 18: Subfamily III: Cereoideae

Tribe 2: Cereeae
Semitribe 2: Boreocereeae
Subtribe 2: Boreocactinae
Distributions of the Groups:
-------- Group 1: Boreoechinocacti*)
Subgroup 1: Euboreoechinocacti
Subgroup 2: Mediocoryphanthae
------ —Group 2: Mammillariae**)
Subgroup 1: Coryphanthae
Subgroup 2: Mediomammillariae
Subgroup 3: Eumammillariae
*) Apparently absent in the state of Wyoming, USA;
**) Absent, so far as known, in the states of Tabasco, Campeche and
Quintana-Roo, Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION MAPS 541
NOTES
NOTES
544
Translator’snote
For technical reasons it proved impossible to unite
into a single sequence the three different alphabeti­
cal sequences of this illustrated section. The reader
should therefore note the following :
Figs. 1-459: Acanthocalycium to Zygocactus
(from the original Backeberg editions) ;
Figs. 460-527: Arrojadoa to Uebelmanniana
(Haage supplement) ;
Figs. 528-534: late inclusions to the Haage
supplement, covering Rebutia and Sulcorebutia.
 1¡ lu s tr a tio n s

5 . 1-459 Backeberg.
5. 460-534 additional supplem ent.

1 B ackeberg
546 Acanthocalyciurn

1. Acanthocalyciurn griseum Backbg. (Photo: Schattat).

 Acanthocalycium 547

. Acanthocalycium variiflorum Backbg.

Above: Flower-colour varies from yellow through orange to red (Photo: Uhlig).
Below: Form w ith unusually stou t and dense spines.

1
548 Acanthoeereus

4. Acanthoeereus griseus Backbg. (Phc::

J. Marnier-L.).

5. Showing the different forms o f the

perianth a t anthesis in: —
L eft: Acanthoeereus griseus Backbg.
R ight: Peniocereus marnieranus Backbg.
(Photo: J. M amier-L.).
 A canthocereus — A canth olob ivia 549

6 . Acanthocereus maculcitus Wgt., showing the fun-

nelform inner perianth, unlike Peniocereus to which
the species is also often referred where the perianth
curves downwards (Photo: Schattat).
9. Aker sia roseiflora Buin. (Photo:
Buin.).
 552 Aporocactus

12. Aporocactus conzattii Br. & R.

(Photo: Rose).

13. Arequipa rettigii (Quelil) Oelime: younger p lan ts are short-cereoicl.

14. Ariocarpus trigonus (W eb.) K . Sch., w ith axillary flow ers in a circle round the crown. I f it is to ; -e
un ited w ith species flowering from the areoles or from furrows, then logically M am m illaria and Goryphavtt
can no longer be segregated (Photo: Runyon).

15. Armatocereus flow ers [A. cartwrightianus (Br. & R.) Backbg.] (Photo: Rauh).
A requipa — A rm atocereus 553
554 A rm atocereus

16. Armatocereus matucanensis Backbg. (Photo: Rauh).

 A rm atocereus 555

Armatocereus rauhii Baokbg.: showing the sym m etrical arrangement o f ribs and areoles (Photo: Rauh).
556 Arrojadoa — Arthrocereus

18. Arrojadoa penicillata (Gürke) Br. & R. (Photo: Andreae).

A strop hytum — A ustrococtus 557
558 A ustrocephalocereus — A u strocylindropu ntia

23. Austrocylindropuntia clavarioides v. ruL

lealii (Cast.) Backbg. (Drawing: Castellanos

24. Austrocylindropuntia inarmata Backbg.: dis

ered by Prof. Herzog o f Jena, but not described f
m any years (Photo: Rivière).
 A u strocylindropu ntia 559

Austrocylindropuntia subulata (M uehlpfdt.) B aokb g.: form w ith unusually long leaves (Photo: J. Mar-
•r-L.).

Austrocylindropuntia verschafjeltii v. digitalis (Web.)?: (right) during the growing period, with very long
’.eaves.
560 Aylostera — Aztekium

27. Aylostera albiflora (R itt. & Buin.) Backbg. (Photo: Kilian).

>

28. Aztekium ritteri (Böd.) Böd.

 A zureocereus — Backebergia 561

30. Backebergia militaris (Aud.) H . Bravo:

diverges so markedly from Mitrocereus in its
unique cephalium as well as the flower and
fruit, th at referral o f Mitrocereus to Backeber­
gia has to be rejected since the generic dia­
gnosis does n ot apply (Photos: H . Bravo).
(Cf. Fig. 238).

29. Azureocereus viridis R auh & Backbg.

2 Backeberg
562 B artschella — B ergerocactus
 B lossfeldia — B olivicereus 563

. Blossfeldia campaniflora Backbg. (left), and Blossfeldia liliputana Werd. (right): even a t the bud-stage
inner and outer petals clearly differ in number and shape.
564 B o liv ic e r e u s — B o r z ic a c tu s

35. Bolivicereus serpens (H B Iv .) B a c k b g .: flo w e rin g s h o o t (le ft) a n d c lo s e -u p o f t h e flo w e r (rig h t) (Phot
R a u h ).
 B o r z ic a c tu s 565

38. Borzicactus sp ., d is c o v e r e d b y C u ta k in
P e d r e g a l, C o lo m b ia , 91 k m f r o m P a s t o ; lis te d
h e re a s B . cutakii n o m . p r o v . so t h a t i t is
n o t f o r g o tte n ( P h o to : C u ta k ). T h e p l a n t s a re
p a r t l y o v e rg ro w n b y Tillandsia usneoides.
566 B ra c h y c a ly c iu m

39. Brachycalycium tilcarense (B a c k b g .) B a c k b g .: q u ite a y o u n g p l a n t b u t a lr e a d y o f flo w e rin g -siz e.

40. Brachycalycium tilcarense (B a c k b g .) B a c k b g .: flo w e r in clo se-u p .

 B r a c h y c e r e u s — B r a s ilic a c tu s 567

4 1 . Brachycereus nesioticus (K . S ell.) B a o k b g .: in h a b i t a t ( P h o to : F o r s te r ) .

Brasilicactus haselbergii (H g e .) B a c k b g .: a n o m a lo u s e lo n g a te d flo w e r, c le a rly a r e v e rs io n sh o w in g th e

re d u c tio n p ro c e s s a p p ly in g e v e n t o th e flo w e r, w h ic h w o u ld n o r m a lly b e sm a ll, ± tu b e le s s a n d s p in y (like
the f r u it) — a n e v o lu tio n a r y s ta g e q u ite d i s t in c t fro m Notocactus.
43. Brasilicereus markgrafii B a c k b g . & V o ll: sh o w in g th e t y p ic a l b e ll-s h a p e d flo w e r ( P h o to : V oll).

44. Brasiliopuntia brcisiliensis (W illcl.) B e rg . ( P h o to : V oll).

 B r o w n in g ia 569

45. Browningia candelaria (M eyen) B r. & R .: h a b i t a t v ie w (P ilo to : R a u h ) .

570 C a ly m m a n th iu m

46. Colymw.cinthiurn substerile R i t t . : in h a b it a t (P h o to : R a u h ) .

 C a rn e g ie a 571

4 '. Carnegiea gigantea: se e n in h a b it a t (P h o to : P o la s k i).

49. Carnegiea gigantea (E n g .) B r. & R .: tip o f

flo w e rin g sh o o t.
 C a s te lla n o s ia — C e p h a lo e e re u s

50. Castellanosia caineana C a rd .: — a) flo w e rin g s te m s ; b ) e lo n g a te d s p in e s in th e flo w e rin g z o n e (P h o to s

C a rd e n a s).

51. Cephaloeereus senilis (H a w .) P f e if f .: flo w e rin g e e p h a liu m ,

m u c h e x te n d e d l a te r a lly ( P h o to : W e r d e r m a n n ) .
 Cephalocleistocactus 573

52. Cephalocleistocactus pallidus

Backbg.: —
L eft: upper cephalium, showing buds;
R ight: lower cephalium, with a yellowish-
green flower (Photos: J . Marnier-L.).

53. Cephalocleistocactus ritteri Backbg.: flowering zone

w ith bristly cephalium.
574 Cephalocleistocactus — Cereus

54. Cephalocleistocactus schattatianus Backbg.: in th e M arnier Collection.

 C ham aecereus — C hiapasia 575

56. Chamaecereus silvestrii f. crassicaulis crist. Backbg. (Photo: Maschin).

Chiapasia nelsonii (Br. & R.) Br. & R .: showing bell-shapecl flower. Inclusion in the Genus Disocactus,
which has a uniform ly tubular flower, m ust therefore be rejected.
576 C leistocactus

58. L eft: Cleistocactus

azerensis Card.
R ig h t: Cleistocactus
brookei Card.

59. L eft: “ Cleistocactus dependens Card.” : referred, because o f the long floral bristles, to Seticleistocact
(see also Fig. 384).
R ight: Cleistocactus vallegrandensis Card. (Photo: S chattat).
 C leistocactus 577

«51. L eft: Cleistocactus viricliflorus Backbg.

R ight: Cleistocactus vulpis-cauda R itt. & Cullm. (Photo: Cullmann).

3 Backeber
578 Clistanthocereus — Cochemiea

62. Clistanthocereus tessellatus (Akers & Buin.) B ackbg.: s h o v ­

ing th e stout, shortly lim bed diurnal flower (Photo: Akers).
 Coleocephalocereus — Coloradoa 579

: 4. Coleocephalocereus flum inensis (Miqu.) B ackbg.: showing the flower and sm ooth lidded fru it arising from
the bristly grooved cephalium (Photo: K nuth).

65. Coloradoa mesae-verdae Boiss. & D avids. (Photo:

Boissevain).
580 Consolea — Copiapoa

66. Consolea rubescens (SD.) Lem.: the sec■:

dary shoots are characteristic of the genus.

67. Copiapoa chanara-

lensis R itt.
 Copiapoa 581

¡S. Copiapoa grandiflora Hitt-.: one of th e large-flowered species (Photo: J. Marnier-L.).

69. Copiapoa hum ilis (Phil.) H u tch .: type of the

species, gathered by H utchison.
582 Copiapoa

70. Copiapoa longispina R itt.?

71. Copiapoa streptocaulon sensu R itt.: 72. “ Copiapoa wagenknechtii R itt.” : now Copiapc■
Copiapoa marginata (SD.) Br. & R. coquimbana v. wagenknechtii R itt.
 Corryocactus 583

3. Corryocactus brachypetalus (Vpl.) Br. & R. (Photo: Rauh).

584 C orynopuntia — C ryptocereus

74. Corynopuntia planibulbispina Backbg. (Photo: 75. Coryphantha echinus (Eng.) Br. & R.
Riviere).

76. Cryptocereus anthonyanus Alex. (Photo: Alexa:

der).
 C ylindropuntia 585

77. Cylindropuntia species: 1. C. tetraccintha

Tourney) K n u th ; 2 . - 5 . C. versicolor (Eng.)
K nuth; 6. C. fulgida (Eng.) K n u th : proliferating
fruits (Plate IX , Br. & R ., Vol. I).

78. Cylindropuntia rosea v. atrorosea Backbg. (Photo: Riviere).

586 D eam ia — D elaetia

79. Deamia testudo (Karw.) Br. & R .: very free-f.

ering in cultivation, b u t seldom seen in collect: :z.
(Photo: Haage).

80. Delaetia woutersiana Baekbg. (Photo: W outers).

 Dendrocereus 587

81. Dendrocereus nudiflorus (Eng.) Br. & R.

5SS D en m oza — D iscocactu s

82. Denmoza Br. & R : flowers and fruit, draw n by Ca­

stellanos.

83. Discocactus alteolens Lem. (left); D. tricornis Monv. (right) (Photo: Voll)
 Discocactus — D isocactus 589

>4. Discocactus boliviensis B ackbg.: cephalium w ith no s tiff bristles.

85. Disocactus eichlcimii (Wgt.) Br. & R .:

in all species o f th e genus the flower is
uniform ly tubular, n o t bell-shaped as in
Chiapasia.
590 D olichothele — Ecerem ocactus

86. Dolichothele longimamma (DC.) Br

& R. (Photo: Rose).

87. Eceremocactus bradez Br. & R. (Photo:

Voll).
 E chinocactus — Echinocereus 591

S3. Echinocactus grusonii Hildm .

89. Echinocereus davisii A. D. H ought., also

known as E . viridiflorus v. davisii (A. D.
H ought.) Marsh.: a rare p lant, so distinctive
because o f its small size and fierce spines th a t
it m erits specific status. G rafted plants grow
into a ttractiv e groups, w ith small, pale dirty-
yellowish flowers.
592 Echinocereus

90. Echinocereus matthesianus Backbg.: belongs in the Series “ Scheeriani” on the basis o f flower shape
length, b u t th e shoots are fairly sto u t.
 p]chinocereus 593

91. Echinocerens pectinatus v. rigidissimus (Eng.) R um pl.: always one o f the most popular species of th is
fine-flowering genus.

4 Backeberj
594 E chinofossulocactus

92. Echinofossulocactus Lawr.: K ey to Spine-Arrangement, according to Oehme: —

a) 1: E . coptonogonus (Lem.) L aw r.; 2; E . pentacanthus (Lem.) Br. & R .; 3: E . phyllacanthus (Mart.) Lawr
4: E. tricuspidatus (Scheidw.) Br. & R .; 5: E . gmndicornis (Lem.) Br. & R. (drawings b y H . Oehme, fro m
“K ey to Spination” by Tiegel and Oehme: Beitr. z. Sukkde. u. -pflege, 78 —82. 1938).

b) 6: E . lamellosus (Dietr.) Br. & R . ; 7: E . anfractuosus (Mart.) L aw r.; 8: E. crispatus (DC.) L aw r.; 9: E
gladiatus (Lk. & O.) Lawr.: 10: E. dichroacanthus (Mart.) Br. & R.
c) 11: E . hastatus (H opff.) Br. & R .; 12: E . obvallatus (DC.) L aw r.; 13: .E violaciflorus (Quehl) Br. & R .; 14
E. heteracanthus (Miihlpfrdt.) Br. & R .; 15: E . albatus (Dietr.) Br. & R.
d) 16: E. vaupelianus (Werd.) Tieg. & Oehme; 17: E. wipperm annii (M iihlpfrdt.) Br. & R .; 18: E. tetraxiph
(O.) Oehme; 19: E . ochoterenaus Tieg.
e) 20: E. arrigens (Lk.) Br. & R .; 21 : E . lloydii Br. & R .; 22: E. zacatecasensis Br. & R . ; 23: E. multicost : ■
(Hildm.) Br. & R.
 E chinofossulocaetus 595

d e

4*
596 E chinofossulocactus — E chinom astus

93. Echinofossulocactus ochoterenaus Tieg.

one o f the species w ith colourful spines a n d
larger flowers.

94. Echinomastus kakui B ackbg.: its J a p a ­

nese discoverer has shown th a t this nam e has
precedence over “E . pallidus nom. prov.” ,
as given in “Die C act.” Vol. V.
 Ecliinomastus — Echinopsis 597

95. Ecliinomastus sp., apparently related to E . acunensis M arsh.; spines reddish-grey a t first, later yellowish
either dense or open (E. carrizalensis K uenzl; ju st a name?).

96. Echinopsis silvestrii Speg.: elongated in age and

sometimes over 1 m high. Since the globose form is
retained for a long tim e, th e genus is regarded as
covering spherical species, otherwise Trichocereus
would have to be referred to it, and confusion would
inevitably result. I t is equally u nfortunate when
K im nach and H utchison include Submatucana, of
conspicuously spherical h ab it (see S . madisoniorum,
Fig. 396) w ith Borzicactus, a genus of slender cerei.
E longated forms are known to occur in very old
plants o f other spherical cacti, b u t no-one has felt
obliged to unite them w ith cereoid genera.
598 E chinopsis — E p ip h y llan th u s

97. “Echinopsis sp.” : an im ported p lan t

which later proved to be an interesting Pseu-
dolobivia (P. luteiflora Baekbg. — see Fig.
341); this had spiny scales on th e floral tube
as in Acanthocalycium , b u t th e diurnal flow ­
er lacked an y ring o f wool a t th e base of the
relatively long an d slender tube, so th a t it
could only be referred to Pseudolobivia.

98. Encephalocarpus strobiliformis (Werd.)

Berg.

99. Epiphyllanthus obtusangulus

(Lindbg.) Berg.
Above: P lan t, w ith fruits (Photo: Voli).
Below: Flower, according to Berger.
 E piphyllopsis — E p iphyllura 599

100. Epiphyllopsis gaertneri (Reg.) Berg.:

flower w ith spreading stigma-lobes.

101. E piphyllum hookeri (L. & O.) H aw . (Photo: Rose).

600 Epitlielantlia

102. Epithelantha micromeris (Eng.) Web. (Drawing: Roetter).

 E rdisia 601

103. Erdisia quadrangidaris R au h & Backbg. (Photo: Raub).

602 E riocactus — Eriocoreus

104. Eriocactus leninghausii (Hge.) Baokbg.

105. Split fru it of Eriocereus bonplandii (Parm.) Rice., typical o f the genus (Photo: Byles).
 Eriosyce — E ry th ro rh ip salis 603

i"8. Eriosyce ceratistes (0.) Br. & R .: in flower (Photo: Lembeke).

Erythrorhipsalis pilocarpa (Loefgr.) Berg. (Photo: E. Bartens).

G04 E scobaría

109. Escobaría nellieae (Croiz.) Backbg.

 E scontria — E spostoa 605

110. Escontria chiotilla (Web.) Rose: showing the scaly flower and fru it o f th e tree-like species o f this mono
typic genus (Drawing: Br. & R.).

111. Espostoa lanata (H BK.) Br. & R .: seam-like early

developm ent of the cleft cephalium (cf. Fig. 339).
606 E spostoa — E u ly ch n ia

112. Espostoa lanata v. suricata (Backbg.) Backbg.: unusual double cephalium and partially anomalous
grow th (Photo: Bauli).

113. Eulychnia iquiquensis (K. Sch.) Br. & R .: typical

fru its o f this m ostly tree-like genus.
E u ly ch n ia — F acheiroa 607
608 F erocactus — F railea

116. Ferocactus acanthodes (Lem.) Br. & K. (Photo: V olasti).

 Frailea 609

.18. Frailea castanea B ackbg.: a form or v ariety w ith w hite areoles an d clustered, dow nwardly appressed
mines; the body-colour, as in F . uhligiana Backbg., varies from green to brown. A bove: an interm ediate
colour.

» B a c k e b e rg
610 F railea

120. Frailca pulUspina Backbg. (above), and v. atrispina Baekbg. (below) w ith longer spines.
 F railea 611

121 122

---- Frailea pullispina v. centrispina Backbg., w ith one central spino and more conspicuously white areoles.

.2. Frailea uhligiana Backbg., w ith continuous ribs divided horizontally into fla t tubercles; p la n ts reddish-
:rown in h ab itat, becoming green in cultivation.
012 F i'ai lo a
 F railea 613

123. Table o f Seed-forms in Frailen : —-

1. F. cataphracta li. F. sp. Simon 1
2. F. castanea 12. F. alacriportana (1): A ndreae’s form
3. F . chiquitana 13. F. pulcherimmat
4. F. pseudopulcherrima (1) 14. F. sp. CSR Jf( 3
5. F . carminifilamentosa 15. F. sp. ¡ft 8 K ilian — (1)
6. F. colombiana 16. F. pygmaea an d v. dadakii
7. F . pum ila 17. F. schilinzkyana
8. F. grahliana 18. F. pseudopulcherrima (2)
9. F . knippeliana 19. F. alacriportana (2) (R itter)
10. F . alacriportana and 20. F. sp. f 8 - (2)
F. gracillima

This shows the diversity of seed-form and testa-type in this genus, even in different forms of the same spe-
les (Nos. 4 and 18; Nos. 12 and 19), proving the dubious value o f any deductions based on seed and testa
Drawing; Kilian).
614 G randuücactu s — G rusonia

124. Grandulicactus uncinatila v. wrightii (Eng.) Bac-kbi

125. Grusonia bradtiana (Coult.) Br. & R. (Photo: Rivière).

 G ym nocactus — G ym nocalycium 615

127. Gymnocalycium astcrium v. paucispinum Baekbg.

616 Gymnocalycium

129. Gymnocalycium dam sii v. centrispinum

Backbg. (above); v. rotundulum Backbg. (below).
 G ym nocalycium 617

130. Gymnocalycium dam sii v. torulosum

Backbg.

131. Gymnocalycium dam sii v. tucavocense

Backbg.
G18 G ym nocalyciurn

132. Gymnocalyciurn gríseo-'pallidum Backbg. (Photo: Uhlig).

 Gymnocalyeium 619

134. Gymnocalyeium hammerschmidii

B ackbg.: showing the large flower (Photo:
Till).

135. Gymnocalyeium, horridispinum F ran k

(Photo: J . Marnier-L.).
620 Gymnocalycium

136. Gymnocalycium, hossei (Hge. Jr.) Berg.: an insufficiently clarified and ap p aren tly variable species. Thi
im ported plant is unusual in having so few spines; perhaps some other species ?

137. D ifferent form s w ithin Gymnocalycium hybopleurum (K. Sell.) B ackbg.: —

A bove: v. breviflorum Backbg., flower shorter and sm aller;
C entre: v. jerocior Backbg., very fiercely spined;
Below: v. ferox Backbg., w ith sto u t radials b u t no central spine. (Photo: T. M arnier-L.).
G ym nocalycium 621
138. Gymnocalycium interfextum Backbg.
 G ym nocalycium 623

140. Gymnocalycium marsoneri (Fric) Y. Ito : such a variable species th a t it has produced a proliferation of
names.

141. Gymnocalycium mihanovichii v. filadel-

fiense B ackbg.: a v ariety w ith a large brow ­
nish-green flower. The form illustrated has a
slender floral tube, b u t in other specimens it
m ay be h alf as thick again (Photo: J . Mar-
nier-L.).
624 G ym nocalycium
 G ym nocalycium 625
.42. Gymnocalycium ochoterenai B ackbg.: th is has proved to be an extrem ely variable species; a p a rt from
v. ochoterenai, there are transitional forms linking the following: —

Above: v. polygonum Backbg., brownish, w ith blackish spines;

2entre: v. tenuispinum, olive-grey, w ith whitish-grey spines;

Below: v. variispinum Backbg., olive-grey, the horn-coloured spines variable in length.

—1 this genus, where descriptions have sometimes been based on a single specimen, no t even on an entire
- ipm ent, this has led to superfluous names. All 3 varieties shown opposite have 5 spines, b u t if th e plants
r.ad been seen on separate occasions, each might have been regarded as a distinct species.

143. Gymnocalycium pseudo-malacocarpus Backbg. (Photo: Uhlig).

6 Backeberg
626 G ym nocalycium

144. Gymnocalycium pugionacanthum Backbg.

145. Gymnocalycium spegazzinii T3r. & R .: a variable species. The form shown has pink spines, tipped d at
g rey .
 Gymnocalycium 627

140. Gymnocalycium vatteri Buin.

Above: type of tho species. Below: a form w ith more strongly b en t spines.
628 G ym nocereus — H aageocereus
 Haageocereus 629

149. Haageocereus clavispinus R auh & Backbg.: an erect species, growing in th e desert (Photo: Rauh).

150. Flowering H aageocerei: —

L eft: H . horrens R auh & Backbg.
R ig ht: H . olowinskianus v. répandus subv. erythranthus R auh & Backbg. (Photos: Rauh).
630 H aageocereus — H am atocactus

*L
.

151. Haageocereus
repens R auli &
B ackbg.: a creepiiig
species, growing in
the desert (Photo:
Rauh).

152. Hamatocactus setispinus (Eng.) B r. & R .

(Drawing: Engelm ann).
 Harrisia — Haseltonia 631

153. Harrisia gracilis (Mill.) B ritt.: showing fru it (Photo: S chattat).

154. Haseltonia columno-trajani (Karw.)

Backbg.
L eft: Growth-form (Photo: Diguet).
R ig h t: Cephalium and flowers (Photo: F.
Schwarz).
632 H atio ra — H eliabravoa
 H eliabravoa — H elianthocereus 033

157. Heliabravoa chende (Goss.) B ackbg.: the

flower.

158. Helianthocereus bertramianus (Backbg.)

Backbg.: th e close relationship betw een th e tall-
growing species and the lower forms of the H . hua-
scha complex is dem onstrated by the sim ilarity of
juvenile plants.
634 H elianthocereus

159. Helianthocereus crassicaulis Baekbg.

 Helianthocereus 635

162. Helianthocereus pecheretianus Backbg.

636 H elianthocereus

163. Helianthocereus pecheretianus v. virici' -

Backbg. (Photo: J . M arnier-L.).

164. Helianthocereus poco (Backbg.) Backbg. v. sanguinijlorus Backbg. w ith fiame-coloured flower (the tyji
has a light purple flower) (Photo: Muhr).
 Helianthocereus 637

165. Helianthocereus pseudo -

candicans Backbg. v. roseo-
florus (Backbg.) Backbg.

166. An attractiv ely flowered Helianthocereus (or

Trichocereus) hybrid: probably H . grandiflorus x T .
schickenddntzii.
638 H eliocereus — H ertrichocereùs
 H om alocephala — H orridocactus 639

169. Homalocephala texensis (Hopff.) Br. & R.

170. Horridocactus tuberisulcatus (Jao.) Y. Ito (left); v. minor (R itt.) (right).

640 Horridocactus — Hylocereus

171. Horridocactus tuberisul-

catus: showing the ^ glabrous
flower typical o f th e genus.

172. Hylocereus polyrhizus (Web.)

Br. & R .: the flower, glabrous and
w ith large scales, is one of the la r­
gest in the genus.
173. Islaya Jerainziana R itt.

7 Backeberg
642 Islay a — Isolatocereus

174. Islaya divaricatiflora H itt. (Islaya rose

flora H offm .).

175. Isolatocereus dumortieri (Scheidw.) B ackbg.: show ­

ing the crowded flowers (Photo: H ertrich).
 Jasm inocereus 643

177. Jasminocereus thouarsii v. chathamensis Y. Daws, (left) and J . howellii v. delicatus Y . Daws, (right)
(Photo: Dawson).
644 K rainzia — Lasiocereus

179. Lasiocereus rupicola R itt. (Photo: W outers).

 Lem aireocereus — Leocereus 645

180. Lemaireocereus hollianus (Web.) Br. & R .:

showing the woolly an d bristly bell-shaped flow­
er (Photo: Sivilla).

181. Leocereus bahiensis Br. & R. (Photo: Kroenlein).

646 Lepidocoryphantha

182. Lepidocoryphantha runyonii (Br. & R.) Backbg.

 Lepismium 647

183. Lepism ium marnie-

rcinum Backbg. during the
resting period, and with
fruits (below) (Photos: J.
Marnier-L.).

184. Lepismium megalanthum (Loefgr.)

Backbg.: showing the conspicuous
scars of the floral cavities.
648 Leptoeereus — Leuehtenbergia

185. Leptoeereus grantianus N. L. B ritt. (Photo: P oin­

dexter).

186. Leuehtenbergia principis

H ook.
 Leucostele 649

137. Leucostele rivierei B ackbg.: flower (Photo: Rivière).

650 Leucostele — Lobeira

188. Leucostele rivierei Baekbg.: th e fruit, w ith tw isted bristles projecting from th e dense covering o f white
hairy bristles. An astonishingly fast-growing species (Photo: Riviere).
 L o b iv ia 651

190. Lobivia acanthoplegma (Backbg.) Backbg.

191. Lobivia cinnabarina (Hook.) Br. & R .: th e tru e large-flowered species o f the original illustration in Cur­
tis’ Bot. Mag., 73, pi. 434. 1847. (Photo: Rausch).
652 L obivia

192. Lobivia drijveriana B ackbg.: w ith an anom alous striped flower.

193. Lobivia muhriae Backbg.

 Lobivia 653

*¿8%’ > f3S a l S3&n**¿ |fe5|||5

IfT l;2»r~'«c'-:';‘i
654 Lobivia

196. Lobivia pentlandii (Hook.) Br. & R .: the

p la n t regarded as the type-species of the gen us
(Photo: J . Marnier-L.).

197. Lobivia pseudocinnabar inci Backbg.: the flower has a red th ro at, th e spines are brownish.
 Lobivia 655

199. Lobivia schieliana v. albescens Baokbg.

656 L o b iv ia

201. Lobivia vanurlciana Baekbg.

 Lophocereus 657

1 *2.Lophocereus flowers: —
Left: L. sargentianus (Ore.) Br. & R .; R ig h t: L . schottii (Eng.) Br. & R.

20.‘>. Lophocereus mieclcleyanus (W gt.) Backbg.

(Photos: Marshall).

' Backeberg
658 Lophophora

204. Lophophora echinata Croiz.

 Loxanthocereus 659

205. Loxanthocereus acanthurus v. ferox Backbg. (Photo: F uaux).

8*
660 L oxanthocereus — Machaerocereus

206. Loxanthocereus piscoensis Rauli & B ackbg.: first photo of the open flower.

207. Machaerocereus eruca (Brand.) Br. & R.

 M aihuenia — M alacocarpus 661

209. M aihueniopsis molfinoi Speg.: a genus which

has never been re-collected (Drawing: Spegazzini).
208. M aihuenia valentinii Speg.: flower in
longitudinal section, a fte r Castellanos.

210. “M alacocarpus m acrocanthus (Ar.) H e rt.” , now

Wigginsia macrocantha (Ar.) D.M. P ort.
662 Mammillaria

211. Mammillaria buchenauii Backbg.

212. M am millaria dixanthocentron Backbg. (left) and M . flavicentra Backbg. (right).

 M am m illaria 663

213. M am millaria fuscohamata B ackbg.: close-

up of the flower.

214. M am m illaria graessneriana Bod.: perhaps a hybrid (left); M . lewisiana G at. (right).
664 M am m illaria

216. M am millaria pringlei v. Ion-

gicentra B ackbg. (above); M .
sainUpieana Backbg. (below).
 Mammillaria 665

217. M am m illaria viperina J . A. P u rp u s: one of th e species w ith long or slender stems.

218. M am millaria wilcoxii Tourney: a rarer

species w ith large flowers.
666 Mamillopsis — M arenopuntia

220. M arenopuntia marenae (S. H . Parsons) Backbg. (Photo: Parsons).

 Marginatocereus 667

221. Marginatocereus flowers: —

L eft: M . marginatus (DC.) Backbg. R ig h t: its v. gemmatus (Zucc.) Backbg.
668 M arniera

223. M arniera chrysocardium (Alex.) B ackbg.: showing

the stiffly bristly ovary, a characteristic o f the genus
(Photo: S chattat).
 Marniera — Marshallocereus 669

224. Marniera macroptera (Lem.)

B ackbg.: ovary w ith similar stiff
bristles (Photo: Schattat).

225. Marshallocereus thurberi (Eng.) Backbg.: flow ­

er w ith spiny ovary, and th e fru it (Drawing: B rit­
to n & Rose).
670 M atucana — M ediocaetus

226. Matucana blancii Backbg.: a cushion-forming species o f this genus o f spherical plants (Photo: Rauh).

227. Mediocaetus coccineus (SD. in DC.) Br. & R. (Photo: Voll).

 M ediolobivia 671

228. Mediolobivia euanthema v. jricii Baekbg.: a species o f the subgenus with slender-oblong bodies (Photo:
Andreae).

229. Mediolobivia spiralisepala Jajo .

672 M elocactus — M icranthocereus '

230. Melocactus communis L k. & O.: a colony on one o f th e islands in the W est Indies (Photo: Leguillon .

231. Micranthocereus ‘p olyanthus (Werd.) Backbg. (from a colour photo by W erderm ann).
 Micropuntia 673

9 Backeberg
674 Micropuntia
 Mila — M itrocereus 675

236. M ila caespitosa Br. &

R. (Photo: Rauh).

237. Mitrocereus fulviceps (Web.)

Baekbg. (Drawing o f the flower:
B ritto n & Rose).

u*
676 M itrocereus — Monvillea

238. Mitrocereus fulviceps (Web.) Backbg.: w ith apical cephalium . The recent referral o f the genus to Backe
bergia H . B ravo, by F. B uxbaum and H . Bravo, has to be rejected because th e generic diagnosis is inappl
cable (cf. the cephalium above, an d th e flowers o f the two genera).

239. Monvillea Br. & R .: forms of flower and

fruit in the different subgenera: —
L eft: SG. 1: Monvillea .
C entre: SG. 2: Hummelia.
R ight: SG. 3: Ebneria.
 M onvillea — M oraw etzia 677

240. Monvillea haageana Backbg. (Photo:

Haage).

241. Morawetzia doelziana Backbg.: the flowers appear

from th e gradually widening apical ceplialium.
67 8 M yrtilloeactus

242. Myrtilloeactus cochai (Ore.) Br. & R.

 N avajoa 679

243. Navajoa peeblesiana Croiz. (left); Navajoa ficJceisenii Backbg. (right). Benson unites these two species
in a single genus, th e second as a v ariety o f the first, despite th e differences of spination; b u t th is is n o t in
keeping w ith norm al m ethods of segregating plants w ith such conspicuous differences o f habit.

244. Navajoa peeblesiana Croiz.: flower (Photo: W iegand).

680 N eoabbottia — N eobingham ia

245. Neoabbottia paniculata (Lam.) Br. & R .: the flower can ap parently arise either from apical felt, or from
areoles on the upper flank.

246. Neobesseya rosiflora Lahm.

247. Neobinghamia climaxantha (Werd.)
B ackbg.: old flowering zone (P h o to : Bloss-
feld Jr.)
 Neobinghamia 681

248. Neobinghamia villigera R au h & Backbg.

L eft: bud appearing from the apical wool. R ig h t: flower, closing a t dawn.
682 Neobuxbaumia

250. Neobuxbaumia tetetzo

(Web.) Backbg.: fruits an d
seeds.
 Neocardenasia 683

251. Neocardenasia B ackbg.: the flower o f N . lierzogiana Backbg. bears long bristly spines an d appears from
scarcely thickened areoles; the p lan t is tree-like and develops a trunk. Neoraimondia (cf. Fig. 271) has flow­
ers w ithout bristly spines, borne on a felty short shoot; no species of the la tte r genus develops a trunk.
R ecent attem p ts to unite these genera reflect th e absence o f a satisfactory principle for classification (Photo:
Cardenas).
684 N eochilenia

252. Neochilenia andreaeana Backbg.: a species w ith particularly a ttractiv e flowers.

 Neochilenia 685

254. Neochilenia carneoflora K ilian (Pho­

to: Kilian).
686 N eochilenia

255. A bove: Neochilenia deherdtiana Backbg.

Below: Neochilenia dimorpha (R itt.) Backbg.
N eoehilenia 687
688 ifeochilenia

258. Neochilenia m itis (Phil.) Backbg.: resembles N . napina, w ith which Schum ann later u nited it; but as
the photo shows, th e ribs o f th e form er, while fla t, are distinct in young plants an d the floral hair-develop­
m ent is more m arked th a n in N . napina (cf. Fig. 260). These illustrations, ta k en in conjunction, show th at
Chileorebutia R itt. cannot be m aintained.
 N eochilenia 689

260. Neochilenia napina (Phil.) B ackbg.: th e conspicuous tubercles o f h abitat-plants merge, in older grafted
plants, to form tuberculate ribs (cf. Fig. 258). Chileorebutia H itt, cannot be segregated from Neochilenia,
and R itte r’s erection of the form er unintentionally dem onstrated th a t Neochilenia alone is admissible, while
raising doubts as to his separation o f the Chilean species o f “Pyrrhocactus sensu R itt.” .

261. Neochilenia pilispina (R itt.)

Backbg. (Photo: H. Muller).

10 Backeberg
690 N eoehilenia

262. L eft: grafted plants o f several low-growing species o f Neoehilenia.

R ig h t: Neoehilenia taltalensis v. flaviflora (R itt.) Baekbg.

263. Neoehilenia residua (R itt.) Baekbg.

 N eodaw sonia — N eogom esia 691

264. Neodawsonia totolapensis H . B ravo & MacDoug. [Photos: MacDougall and (right) Sivilla].

265. Neogomesia agavoides Castan. : w ith flowers borne centrally, a t the tip o f young areoles (see te x t, regard­
ing the illustration o f Ariocarpus trigonus).
10*
692 Neolloydia — Neoporteria

266. L eft: Neolloydia grandiflora (O.) Berg. R ig h t: Neolloydia ceratites (Quehl) Br. & R.

267. Neoporteria clavata (Sôhr.) W erd.: showing the

flower typical of th e genus, w ith th e inner petals
curving tow ards one another throughout flowering ;
flOwer-colour is also constant throughout th e genus,
and the stem-like floral tube is slightly hairy. These
strikingly uniform characters are ignored in H u tch i­
son’s unification w ith Neochilenia, and th e illustra­
tions clearly show the differences o f floral features.
 Neoporteria — Neoraimondia 693

268. Neoporteria gerocephala Y. Ito .: has a much

larger flower th a n N . nidus which it resembles.
N . multicolor R itt., w ith large flowers, is only a
form of N . gerocephala, and is even more variable
th a n N . nidus.

269. Neoraimondia aticensis Rauh & Backbg.: the only speciesofthisgenus occurringnear theseaand with
divaricatestems.
694 Neoraimondia

270. Neoraimondia gigantea (Werd. & Baokbg.) Backbg.

 N eoraim ondia 695

2/1. Neoraimondia flower: petals w hite, pink or carm ine, according to species, the tu b e w ithout any longer
bristly spines, while flowering areoles are m odified into short shoots (cf. Neocardenasia herzogiana, Fig. 251)
(Photo: Rauh).
696 Nopalea

272. Nopalea nuda Backbg.

 Nopalxoehia 697

273. Nopalxoehia phyXlanthoides (DC.) Br. & R . : has played a significant role in the breeding o f m any “leaf-
like” eultivars.
698 N opalxochia

274. A rare hybrid: Nicolai’s cross betw een Nopalxochia phyllanthoides an d an E chinopsis, or Pseudolobiaa
aurea! Rowley reports th a t the flowers can be either yellow or white. Buds closely resemble those of N opal­
xochia.
 N otocactus — N yctocereus 699

\
700 Obregonia — Opuntia

277. Obregonia denegrii Fric.

278. Opvntia bernichiana cultivar, showing the great num ber o f flowers and fruits on older flat-stem m ed
plants.
 O puntia 701

279. Opuntia bispinosa Backbg. (Photo: Rivière).

280. Opuntia erectoclada Backbg.: flower

in longitudinal section. This is one of the
low-growing species from th e Series
“ A iram poae“ .
702 O puntia

281. Opuntia jragilis (X utt.) H aw .: a slender form from B ritish Columbia (Pentingtown) (Photo: A. Meyer).

282. Opuntia galapageia v. brossetii B ackbg.:

epidermis black, spines w hitish to straw-coloured
(Photo: J. M amier-L.).
 O p untia 703

283. Opuntia galapageia v. echios (How.) Backbg.

showing flower and fruits (Photo: E. N au n d o rff).

284. Opuntia galapageia v. myriacantha

subv. orientalis (How.) Backbg.: one of
th e more southerly, trunk-form ing varie­
ties (Photo: Dawson).
7C4 Opuntia

286. Opuntici macbridei Br. & R .: showing the

smaller, erect perianth (Series “ Macbridea-
n ae”) (Photo: Schattat).
 O puntia 705

287. Opuntia quipa W eb.: one of the low-growing

species of subseries “ Quipae” , which has relatively
small blossoms. The flower shown is n o t fully open;
at antliesis the petals are spreading while the style
and the filam ents grouped tig h tly around it are
much exserted (Photo: Schattat).

288. Opuntia schickendantzii W eb.: the long-

lost tru e type, w ith spherical green fruits (Photo:
J. Marnier-L.).

11 B ackeberg
706 Opuntia — Oreocereus

289. Opuntia stenopetala Eng.: longitudinal sections of flowers and fruits. This species is one of the Series
“ Stenopetalae” which has unisexual flowers.

920. Oreocereus trollii (K upp.) Backbg.: unlike M ora-

wetzia, the flowers are here borne on th e flanks.
 Oroya — O rtegocactus 707

291. Oroya laxiareolata v. pluricentralis Baekbg. (Photo: De H e rd t).

292. Ortegocactus macdougallii Alex.: a recently discovered “ missing link” in th e evolutionary line o f the
“ M ammillariae” ; the fairly large flowers arise centrally from the axils, and the ovary is hairy! (Photo: H .
Bravo).
708 Pachycereus

293. Pachycereus pringlei (S. W ats.) Br. & R .: apex o f an older shoot showing the num erous flower
 Pachycereus 709

294. Pachycereus fruits: —

Left: P. pringlei (S. W ats.) Br. & R. R ig h t: P. calvus (Eng.) Br. & R.

295. Pachycereus calvus (Eng.) Br. & R .: fru it a fte r it has split open. Unlike P. pringlei, th e apical stem-
areoles o f this species are not confluent.
710 P arodia

296
297

298

296. Parodia atrovìridis Backbg.

297. Parodia buenekeri Bum.

298. Parodia catamarcensis Backbg. (type): its v.

rubriflorens Backbg. has red flowers.
 P arodia 711

299. Parodia dextrohamata Backbg.

300. Parodia dextrohamata v. stenopetala Backbg.

712 P arodia

301. Parodia echinus R itt.

302. Parodia elegans Feclis., n o t described. Flowers yellow, larger th a n in P. erythrantha; spines white, but
reddish-brown a t first above midway.
P aro d ia 713
714 Parodia

306. Parodia gibbulosa R itt. ; acc. Haage.

th è p la n t shown is in fact P. gibbulosoides.
See also Fig. 504.
 P aro d ia 715

308. Parodia kilianana Backbg. (Piloto:

Kilian).
716 P arodia

309. Above: Parodia mairanana v. atra B ackbg.: there are forms interm ediate between this and the ty p
Below: Parodia otuyensis R itt.
718 P arodia

312. Above: Parodia camargensis v. prolifera R itt. (Parodia prolifera R iti.).

Below: Parodia pseudostuemeri Backbg.
P aro d ia 719
720 Parodia

314. L e f t : Parodia rigida Backbg.

R ig h t: Parodia rubellihamata Backbg.
 P aro d ia 721

316. Parodia rubrifuscata R itt.: n o t described.

12 Backeberg
318. A bove: Parodia schwebsiana v. appianata Backbg.
Below: Parodia setosa Backbg.
 Parodia 723

319. Parodia sp.: flowers red, hooked spines light

brow n; said to be from the vicinity of T arija (Boli­
via) (Collection: Saint-Pie).

320. Parodia stuemeri (Werd.) B ackbg.: form with

finespines.

1 2
724 Parodia

■■■■

321. L eft: Parodia stuemeri v. robustior Backbg.

R ig h t: Parodia tafiensis Backbg.: flower red, w ith pink stigma-lobes.

322. Parodia subterranea R itt.

 Parodia 725

323. Parodìa uhligiana Backbg. (Photo: Kilian).

726 Pediocactus

324. Pediocactus bradyi v. knowltonii (L. Bens.) Backbg.

325. Pediocactus simpsonii (Eng.) Br. & R .: flowers n o t central, b u t in a ring round the crown.
 P eireskia — Pelecyphora 727

326. Peireskia aculeata (Plum.) Mill.

(Drawing: B ritton & Rose).

327. Peireskiopsis porteri (Brand.) Br. &

R .: showing the flower (Photo: H . Bravo).

328. Pelecyphora pseudopectinata Backbg.

326

32S

327
728 Peniocereus

329. Peniocereus haackecinus B ackbg.: w ith the flow­

er typical o f the genus, th e perianth curving down­
wards and the stam ens erect. (Photo: S ch attat).

330. Peniocereus haackecinus Backbg.: fru it (Photo: S chattat).

 Peniocereus — P feiffera 729

331. Peniocereus marnieranus Backbg. (Photo:

J . Marnier-L.). The flower is shown in Fig. 5,
right.

332. Pfeiffera ianthothele (Monv.) Web.

730 Phellosperma — Philippicereus •

333. Phellosperma tetrancistra (Eng.) Br. & R .: according to B uxbaum th is lias a tru e floral-tube, a fair!
large perianth and seeds with a large corky hilum.

334. Philippicereus castaneus (Phil.) Backbg.: with the densely spiny flower and fru it typical of the genu-
 Pilocanthus — Pilocopiapoa 731

335. Pilocanthus paradinei (B. W . Bens.) B. W.

Bens. & Backbg. : unusual in having three types
of spines; in age it shows long hairlike spines
which are unique among spherical cacti ; the flow­
er is quite large and central. Benson refers the
species to Pediocactus in which th e blooms form
a coronet. Comparison o f the relevant illu stra­
tions shows th a t a unification of this kind does
little to clarify divergences.

336. Pilocopiapoa Solaris R itt.: flowers similar to Copiapoa b u t hairy; Rximpler described one m em ber of this
complex (llEchinocactus bridgesii P feiff.” ) as having floral hairs. I t would be interesting to verify w hether
the plants are in fact identical (Photo: W outers).
732 Pilosocereus — Polaskia

337. Pilosocereus sergipensis (Werd.) Byl. & Bowl.: the prom inen:
areolar flock an d the bell-shaped, funnel-form flowers are characte­
ristic o f the genus. The fruits are always broadly spherical, with
persistent floral rem ains, and the seeds are glossy (Photo: Voll).

338. Polaskia chichipe (Goss.) Backbg.: w ith a

tree-like habit.
 P seudoespostoa 733

339. Pseudoespostoa melanostele (Vpl.) B aokbg.: branches from th e base a n d does n o t form a tru n k ; th e
ceplialium is superficial, n o t developing from a groove as in Espostoa (cf. Fig. I l l ) ; th e seeds are glossy.
W erderm ann forst segregated th is com plex o f species, an d since th e h air-developm ent is sim ilar b u t n o t
iden tical, a tte m p te d unifications w ith Espostoa have led to confusion (P hoto: R auh).
734 Pseudolobivia

340. Pseudolobivia carmíneoflora Hoffm. & Back

bg.: the form o f body and ribs recalls “E ch i -
nopsis orozasana R itt.” , while the rib-notches
and diurnal salmon-carmine flower resemble Lo-
bivia; flowers are interm ediate in length be­
tween the two genera. The illustration shows that
w ithout th e introduction o f Pseudolobivia.
Echinopsis and Lobivia (and even Trichocereus
could not be segregated. Flow erlength in P seu­
dolobivia ranges from “lobivioid-short” to
“echinopsoid-long” . This segregation m akes the
different groups o f species more readily recogni­
sable.

341. Pseudolobivia kratochviliana (Backbg.) Backbg.: resembling Echinopsis b u t with the relatively short
flowers of Lobivia. See also Fig. 97: Echinopsis sp. ? — a newer Pseudolobivia {P. luteiflora Backbg. n. sp.
 Pseudolobivia 735

342. Pseudolobivia orozasana (R itt.) Backbg. (Photo:

J. Marnier--L.).

343. Pseudolobivia polyancistra (Backbg.) Backbg.:

showing changes resulting from overdoses of syn th e­
tic fertiliser. The ribs are modified into rows of t u ­
bercles, each tipped with a tin y leaf! The spines are
now tin y white bristles, the flower has arisen cen­
trally, and the ovary is alm ost enclosed w ithin the
body; only the perianth rem ains norm al. Unless
this phenom enon is investigated, existing evolutio­
nary theories ab o u t the Cactaceae cannot be regard -
ed as established beyond doubt.
736 Pseudozygocactus — Pterocactüs

344. Pseudozygocactus epiphylloides v. bradei (Cam p.-Port. & Cast.) B ackbg.: p a rt of a p lan t in h ab ita:,
showing the crowded long-pendant branches (Photo: Friedrich).

345. Pterocactüs decipiens Gürke.

 Pterocereus — Pygmaeocereus 737

346. Pterocereus foetidus MacDoug. & Mir. (Drawing b y the authors).

347. Pygmaeocereus densiaculeatus Backbg. (left) and a elose-up view of th e apex with feathery black-tipped
new spines (right).

13 Backeberg
738 Pygm aeocereus

348. Pygmaeocereus rowleyanus Backbg. (left) and P. bylesianus Backbg. (right) (Photo: A ndreae
 Pyrrhocactus 739

34S). Pyrrhocactus atrospinosus Baekbg. (above) and P. melanacanthus Backbg. (below) (Photos: Lembcke).

131
740 Pyrrhooactus
 P y rrh o cactu s — Q uiabentia 741

352. Pyrrhocactus umadeave v. marciyesensis Backbg. (Photo: Lembcke).

353. Quiabentia zehntneri (Br. & R.) Br. & R.

(Drawing: Castellanos).
742 R ath bun ia

354. Rathbunia neosonorensis Backbg.

355. Rauhocereus riosaniensis Backbg. (Photo: Rauh).

356. Rauhocereus riosaniensis Backbg: flower and longitudinal section (Photo: Schattat).
QHOSSETTE K auhooereus 743
744 R eb u tía

357. Rebutió, ccdliantho W essn.: species producing m any large flowers.

358. Rebutía glomeriseta Card.: referred by m any authors to Sulcorebutia, b u t lacking the linear areoles
which are a constant feature o f the la tte r genus; this character, together w ith th e presence in some cases of
a taproot, or cushion-like h ab it arising from a m ain napiform root, and much broader floral scales, constitute
the group of characters differentiating Sulcorebutia (Photo: J . Marnier-L.).
 R e b u tia 745

359. Rebutia graciliflora Backbg.: sole species w ith the central spines sometimes blackish.

360. Rebutia kariusiana Wessn.: a free-flowering species (Photo: Schiel).

746 R e b u tía — Reicheocactiis

361. Rebutia permutata W. H einr. (right) and its v.

gokrausei W. H einr. (left) (Photo: Heinrich). 362. Rebutia senilis Backbg.

363. Reicheocactus sp. (from R it­

ter); erroneously known as “Lobi-
via famatimensis sensu R itt.” (cf.
Spegazzini’s photo!). The flower
(above) has a short tube, quite
strongly hairy only below. The
longitudinal section of the flower
(below) shows th a t this is n o t a
Lobivia (Photos: Burning). R itte r
himself stated no locality for this
plant.
 R eicheocactus 747

364. Reicheocactus: com parative views o f spination: —

L eft: Reicheocactus pseudoreicheanus B ackbg.: th e spines are n o t “w hitish” as in Lobivia famatimensis.
R ig h t: yellowish spination of Ritter-collectecl m aterial, F R 459. Fechser recently collected Reicheocactus
pseudoreicheanus near Guandacol, Quebrada de la Troja, Cerro El Cordobés (La Rioja). H e states th a t this
species is n o t found in the Sierra F am a tin a ; its distribution ranges in fact from its w estern lim its to the
N E. corner of San Juán.

365. Reicheocactus pseudoreicheanus Backbg.: the typical small-barrel form o f older stems.
 748 Reicheocactus

366a. F or com parison w ith Reicheocactus, here is Lobivia famatimensis (Speg.) Br. & R .; the flowers are-
variable in length and w idth ; the stem s are n o t barrel-shaped, an d the floral tube is longer, sto u ter an d much
hairier th a n R itte r’s p la n t in Fig. 363; th e spines, which are differently arranged an d more pectinate than
in the ty p e of Reicheocactus, do bear some resemblance to R itte r’s plants, y e t the flowers are quite distinct :
consequently B ritto n & R ose’s views m ust be upheld, and R itte r’s plants have to be referred to Reicheoca• -
tus. This photo by Spegazzini, showing the flower as it opens, corresponds to “Lobivia famatimensis v. albo-
lanata” collected by Blossfeld in the Sierra F am atina, w ith yellow flowers only 4 cm across, which is now
regarded as v. famatimensis.

366b. Lobivia famatimensis (Speg.) Br. &

R . v. fam atim ensis: flower only 4 cm 0 ,
re-collected m any years ago in the Sierra
Fam atina by Blossfeld J r., and described
under the synonym Hymenorebutia albo
lanata Buin.
 R hipsalidopsis 749

367. Rhipsalidopsis rosea (Lag.) Br. & R. : —

Above: type-plant of the original description.
Below: Colour-photo of the flower in longitudinal section; the filam ents are inserted basally.
 750 Rhipsalis

368. Rhipsalis houlletianu Lem.: the only species

w ith nodding flowers; the ovary is acutely angular.

369. Rhipsalis pilosa W eb.: perhaps only a

nam e? Flowers only 5J/2 m m 0 . M adagascan
species.
 Rhoclocactus 751

370. Rhodoccictus antonianus Backbg.

752 Rhodocactus

371. Rhodocactus antonianus Backbg. L eft: view o f the flower. R ig h t: longitudinal section o f the flower in
close-up.
 Rhodocactus — R itterocereus 753

372. Rhodocactus sacharosa (Griseb.) B ackbg.:

w ith an inferior ovary (Photo: J. Marnier-L.).

373. Ritterocereus laevigatus (SD.) Backbg.: showing th e flow ­

er, which is typical o f th e genus.

14 Backeberg
754 Rodentiophila — Rooksbya

374. Rodentiophila megacarpa R itt. (Photos: W outers).

375. Rooksbya euphorbioides (Haw.) Backbg. : w ith the spineless flower-form ; in this genus the developme
o f floral spines varies from species to species (Photo: Rivière).
 R oseocactus — Roseocereus 755

376. Roseocactus fissuratus (Eng.) Berg.: in this ge­

nus the flowers arise centrally from the furrows o f the
newest tubercles. A nderson’s unification w ith Ario-
carpus, which is not based on any comprehensive
principles of classification, cannot be accepted since
logic would then dem and a com bination of Cory-
phantha with M am m illaria (Drawing: Engelm ann).
756 Samaipaticereus — Selenicereus.
381. Seticereus icosagonus (H BK.) B ackbg.: flowering zone w ith m ature bristly cephalium (Photo: Rauh).
 758 Seticereus

382. Seticereus roezlii (Hge.) Backbg.: possibly a v ariety o f this free-flowering an d laterally b ran d lin g spe­
cies. S. chlorocarpus (erroneously regarded b y B uxbaum as “ Browningia” or Gymnanthocereus) branches
only subapically (Photo: Pallanca).

383. F ru it o f Seticereus icosagonus (H BK.) Backbg.,

which becomes m uch larger th a n th a t o f Borzicactus
an d Loxanthocereus; th e flowers of Seticereus, unlike
these genera, has a compressed tube.
 S etieleistocactus — Setiechinopsis 759

385

384

386

384. Setieleistocactus clepenclens (Card.) Backbg.: flowers, showing

th e long bristles characteristic o f the genus (Photo: J . M arnier-L.:
see also Fig. 59 left).

385. Setieleistocactus piraymirensis (Card.) B ackbg.: Cardenas sh a ­

res the view th a t this genus represents a distinct evolutionary
stage (Photo: Cardenas).

386. Setiechinopsis mirabilis (Speg.) de H aas: th e type-species of

the genus. Its spines are stouter th a n those o f its v ariety, and the
strongly perfum ed flowers rem ain open longer in the morning
(Photo: Voll).
760 Setiechinopsis — Soehrensia
 Soehrensia 761

389. Soehrensia ingens Br. & R. ex B aekbg.: —

A bove: the type of the species, in flower.
Below: a form w ith rath er longer spines an d orange-reddish flowers (Photo: Scliicketanz).
762 Soehrensia — Solisia

390. Soehrensia korethroides (Werd.) Backbg.: a form or variety discovered b y R ausch, taller in habit or
perhaps an unusually tall m ature p lan t of this usually spherical species which is known in A rgentina a?
“globe-cactus” . P lants in the wild have denser spination th a n those in cultivation (Photo: Rausch).
 Stenocereus Strom bocactus 763

392. Stenocereus stellatus (Pfeiff.) Rice.: th e flower o f this

tall-shrubby species has a fairly densely spined ovary w here­
as in Marginatocereus, which is rath er similar, only the
tu b e has sm all scattered spines.

393. Stephanocereus leucostele (Giirke) Berg.

394. Strombocactus disciformis (DC.) Br. & R .: showing variable flower-size.

 64 Strophocactus — Submatucana

395. Strophocactus w ittii (K. Sell.) Br. A:

R. (Photo: H aage Jr.).

396. Submatucana madisoniorum (H utch.) B aekbg.:

this broadly spherical species, like m any other plants
of similar habit (Notocactus, Parodia, etc.), is only
rarely more elongated in age. This, together w ith
the different flower-form, shows th a t K im nach and
H utchison’s com bination w ith Borzicactus (a slen-
der-eereoid genus) makes little sense. I f these a u ­
thors are correct in assuming th eir com bination to
be necessary, then uniform ity of procedure in other
cases would lead to unforeseeable consequences and
am orphous outsize genera incapable of reflecting
natural phenom ena (Photo: S chattat).
 Subpilocereus — S ulcorebutia 765

397. Subpilocereus répandus v. weberi (Backbg.)

Backbg.: showing the typical thick-w alled fru it
and the flower with a double constriction (Photo:
H um m elinck).

398. Sulcorebutia candiae (Card.) Backbg. (Photo: S chattat).

766 Sulcorebutia

399. Sulcorebutia lepida R itt.: perhaps identical w ith S . mentosa R itt. (Photo: J . Marnier-L.).

400. Sulcorebutia menesesii (Card.) Backbg. (Photo: J . Marnier-L.).

 Sulcorebutia 767

401. Sulcorebutia steinbachii (Werd.) B ackbg.: deep green varieties w ith differently coloured flowers. L eft:
v. rosiflora Backbg. B ig h t: v. violaciflora Backbg. (Photo: J. Marnier-L.).

402. Sulcorebutia sp. “B ausch No. 64” : p ro ­

bably &. taratensis (cf. Fig. 403) (Photo: Bausch).
768 Sulcorebutia

403. Sulcorebutia taratensis (Card.) Buin. & Don. (Photo: Rausch).

404. Sulcorebutia tiraquensis (Card.) R itt.: a form w ith particularly sto u t spines (Photo: Kilian).
 Sulcorebutia 769

405. A bove: Sulcorebutia tiraquensis (Card.) R itt. (Photo: Kilian).

L eft: v. tiraquensis. R ig h t: v. electracantha Backbg.
Below: other species and forms o f Sulcorebutia.

15 Backeberg
770 Sulcorebutia — Tacinga
 T ephrocactus 771

408. Tephrocactus alboareolatus R itt. (Photo: H egenbart).

772 Tephrocactus

410. Tephrocactus atroglobosus Backbg. (Photo: R ivière).

411. Tephrocactus catacanthus Backbg. 412. Tephrocactus coloreus R itt.

 Tephrocactus 773

413. Tephrocactus corotilla (K. Sch.) B ackbg.:

longitudinal section of the flower.

414. Tephrocactus curvispinus Backbg.

774 Tephrocactus

415. Tephrocactus flexispinus Backbg.

416. Tephrocactus glomeratus (Haw.) Backbg.:

type of the species.
 T ephrocactus 775

417. Tephrocactus glomerat'us v. atratospinus B ackbg.: single shoots (Photo: Kilian).

418. Tephrocactus glo-

meratus v. longispinus
Backbg.
776 T ephrocactus
 Tephrocactus 777

421. Tephrocactus melanacanthus Backbg.

778 Tephrocactus

423. Tephrocactus neuquensis (Borg) Baekbg. (Photo: J. Marnier-L.).

 Tephrocactus 77.9

425. Tephrocactus rauhii B ackbg.: in h a b ita t (Photo: Pauli).

780 T ephroc actus

426. Tephrocactus sphaericus v. glaucinus

B ackbg.

427. Tephrocactus subterraneus (R. E. Fries) Backbg.

 T ephrocactus — T helocactus 781

428. Tephrocactus virgultus Baokbg. (Photo: J . Marnier-L.).

429. Thelocactus flavidispinus (Backbg.) Backbg.

782 Thrixanthocereus

430. Thrixanthocereus blossfeldiorum (VVerd.) Backhc

flowering stem , showing cephalium.

431. Transverse section through a cephalium -bearing

shoot of Thrixanthocereus blossfeldiorum (Werd.) Back-
bg., showing th a t th e cephalium arises from a slight
depression — n o t a cleft, as in Espostoa — so th a t this
species cannot be referred to th e la tte r genus (Photo:
Cullmann).
 T hrixanthocereus 783

432. V ariability in Thrixanthocereus blossfeldiorum (Werd.) Backbg.

L eft: norm al form, w ith finer radial spines and d ark shorter centrals.
R ig h t: form w ith stronger spines, the centrals more robust and longer.
784 T hrixanthocereus

433. F u rth e r variability in Thrixanthocereus

blossjeldiorum (Werd.) B ackbg.: another form in
which all th e spines are medium-long, fine, —
bristly and pure w hite (including th e th in cen­
trals). Seeds of th is v ariety are th e same as those
o f Thr. cullmannianus, so th a t th e la tte r is p ro­
bably b e tte r regarded as a mere variety.

434. Thrixanthocereus cullmannianus K itt.

(Photo: R itter).
 T hrixantliocereus — T oum eya 785

435. T hrixanthocereus senilis R itt. (Photo:

R itter).

16 Backeber«
786 Trichocereus

437

437. Trichocereus grandiflorus Backbg. (Photo: -J. Mar-

nier-L.).

438. Trichocereus lamprochlorus (Lem.) Backbg.: the

true, glossy, dark green Bolivian species (Photo: J.
Marnier-L.).

439. Trichocereus rubinghianus Backbg.

 Trichocereus 787

440. Trichocereus smrzianus (Backbg.) B ackbg.: quite recently R ubingh o f H olland was able to flower a
p lant, so th a t correct diagnosis th en becam e possible (Photo: R ubingh).
788 Turbinicarpus — Utahia

441. Turbinicarpus roseijlorus Backbg.

442. Utahia sileri (Eng.) Br. & R .:

there is also a form w ith alm ost
pure white spines.
 V atrican ia 789

443. Vatricania guentheri (K upp.) B ackbg.: showing the

typical flower and early developm ent o f th e bristly eepha-
lium (Photo: Andreae).

444. Vatricania guentheri (Kupp.) Backbg.: the massive

cephalium on an old p lant. B uxbaum ’s referral of this
genus to Espostoa is clearly arb itra ry since th e flower
form and insertion, as well as the eephalia, differ in the
two genera; Espostoa never has th e encircling super­
ficial cephalium seen in m ature specimens o f Vatricania.
790 Weberbauerocereus

445. Weberbauerocereus albus R itt. (Photo: R itter).

446. Weberbauerocereus longicomus R itt.

(Photo: R itter).
 Weberbauerocereus 791

447. Weberbauerocereus flowers: —

L eft: W. weberbaueri (K. Sch.) Backbg.
R ight: W. seyboldianus R au h & B ackbg. (Photo: Rauli).
792 W eberbauerocereus — W eberoceréus

448. Weberbauerocereus winterianus R itt. (Photo: R itter).

9m

449. Weberoccreus tunilla (Web.) Br. & R.

 W eingartia 793

450. Weingartia cintiensis (Card.?) (Photo: Rausch).

451. L eft: Weingartia neoeumingii Backbg., longer-spined form (TT. pulquinensis Card.).
R ig h t: W. riograndensis R itt. (Photos: S chattat).
794 W eingartia — W ilcoxia

452. Weingartia neumanniana v. aurantia

Backbg. (Photo: Schattat).

453. Werckleocereus tonduzii (Web.) Br. & B .

454. Wilcoxia albifior a Backbg.

452

454

453
 W ilm a tte a — W interocereus 795

456. Winterocereus (H ildew intera) aureispinus (R itt.) Baokbg. nom. nov. (Photo: Cullmann).
7Ö6 W ittia — Zehn tu creila
 Zygocactus — A rrojadoa 797

459. Zygocactus trunccitus (Haw.) K . Soli.: rare

form , flowering laterally (Photo: Voll).

I llu s tr a t io n s : S u p p l e m e n t

460. Arrojadoa aureispina Buin. & Bred.: in h a b ita t (Photo: Burning).

798 A rrojadoa

462. Arrojadoa eriocaulis Buin. & Bred. (Photo:

Burning).
 A ustrocephalocereus 799

463. AustrocephalocereusdybowsJcii(Goss.)
Backbg. (Photo: Burning).

464. Austrocephalocereus purpureus (Giirke)

Backbg.: in h a b ita t (Photo: Burning).
800 A ylostera

465. Aylostera buiningiana R ausch

(Photo: Buining).

466. Aylostera heliosa Rausch

(Photo: Rausch).

467. Aylostera jujuyana R ausch

(Photo: Rausch).
 B uiningia 801

17 Backeber«
802 Buiningia — Lobivia

470. B uiningia purpurea Buin .

B red.: in h a b ita t (Photo: Burning

471. Lobivia amblayensis R a u -

(Photo: Rausch).

472. Lobivia cardenasiana R ausch

(Photo: Rausch).
 Lobivia 803

17*
804 Lobivia

475. Lobivia fricii Rausch (Photo

Rausch).

476. Lobivia glauca v. paucicosiat?

R ausch (Photo: Rausch).

477. Lobivia leptacantha R ausch

(Photo: Rausch).
 Lobivia 805

478. Lobivia mizquensis Rausch

(Photo: Rausch).

479. Lobivia pusilla R itt. (Photo:

Rausch).

480. Lobivia pusilla v. flaviflora

(Photo: Rausch).
806 Lobivia

481. Lobivia sicuaniensis Rausch

(Photo: Rausch).

482. Lobivia Hegeliana W essn.: —

L eft:, the type; right, v. ruberrima
(Photo: Rausch).

483. Lobivia zecheri Rausch

(Photo: Rausch).
 M ediolobivia 807

484. (Mediolobivia) Rebutia brunescens R ausch (Photo: Rausch).

485. Mediolobivia eos R ausch (Photo: Rausch).

808 M elocactus

486 Melocactus albicephalus Bum. & Bred. (Photo: Burning).

487. Melocactus azureus Buin. &

Bred.: in h ab itat (Photo: Buining).
 M elocactus 809

488. Melocactus concinnus Buin. & Bred.: in h a b ita t (Photo: Burning).

489. Melocactus cremnophilus Buin. & Bred.: in h a b ita t (Photo: Burning).

810 Melocactus

490. Melocactus erythranthus Buii

& B red.: in h a b ita t (Photo: Bui-
ning).

491. Melocactus ferreophilus Buin.

& Bred.: in h a b ita t (Photo: Bui-
ning).
 M elocactus — N otocactus 811

492. Melocactus glaucescens Buin. & Bred. (Photo: Burning)«

493. Notocactus buiningii B uxb. (Photo: Buining).

812 Notoeactus

494. Notoeactus carambeiensis Buin. & Bred. (Photo: Burning).

495. Notoeactus roseoluteus v. Vliet (Photo: van Vliet).

 N otocactus — P aro d ia 813

496. Notocactus uebelmannianus B uin.: in h a b ita t (Photo: Buining).

497. Parodia andreae B ran d t (Photo: B randt).

814 P a ro d ia

498. Parodia aureispina B a c k b g . v . australis B r a n d t ( l e f t ) ; Parodia aureispina v . rubriflora (B a c k b g .) B ra n '

(r ig h t) (P h o to s : B r a n d t) .

49 9 . Parodia aureispina B a c k b g . ( le f t) ; Parodia aureispina v . vulgaris B r a n d t (rig h t) (P h o to s ; B r a n d t) .

 P aro d ia 815

500 501

500. Parodia backebergiana B ran d t (Photo: B randt).

501. Parodia challamarcana B ran d t (Photo: B randt).

502. Parodia culpinensis R itt. (Photo:

B randt).
504. Parodia gibbulosoides B ran d t (Piloto: B randt).

505. Parodia ignorata B ran d t (Photo: B randt).

504 505
 P aro d ia 817

506 507

506. Parodia kilianana Backbg. (Photo: B randt).

507. Parodia koehresiana B ran d t (Photo: Brandt),

508. Parodia krasuckana B ran d t (Photo: B randt).

509. Parodia laui B randt (Photo: B randt).

508 509

18 Backeberg
818 P arodia

510 511

510. Parodia neglecta B ra n d t (Photo: B randt).

511. Parodia neglectoides B ran d t (Photo: B randt).

512. Parodia pluricentralis Baukbg. & B ran d t (Photo: B randt).

513. Parodia pseudoprocera B ran d t (Photo: B randt).

512 513
 P a ro d ia 819

514 515

514. Parodia punae Card. (Photo: B randt).

515. Parodia rostrum-spcrma B ran d t (Photo: B randt).

516. Parodia salmonea B randt (Photo:

B randt).

18*
820 P aro d ia

517. Parodia spegazziniana B randt

(Photo: B randt).

518. Parodia superba B ran d t (Piloto: B randt).

519. Parodia thionantha B ran d t (Photo: B randt).

518 519
 P aro d ia 821

520. Parodia weberiana B randt (Photo:

B randt).

521. Parodia zaletaewana B ran d t (Photo: B randt).

822 Pseudopilocereus

522 523

522. Pseudopilocereus fulvilanatus Buin. & Bred. (Photo: Burning).

523. Pseudopilocereus magnificus Buin. & Bred. (Photo: Burning).

 U ebelm annia 823

524. Uebelmannia buiningii Donald: in h a b ita t (Photo: Burning).

525. Uebelmannia flavispina Buin. & Bred.: in h a b ita t (Photo: Burning).

(Due to the exigencies of co-editions Figs. 524—527 have been transposed

alphabetically in front of Figs. 528 —534.)
824 U ebelm annia

526. Uebelmannia meninensis B u in .: in h a b ita t (Photo: Buining).

527. Uebelmannia pectini/era B uin.: in h a b ita t (Photo: Buining).

 R eb u tía — Sulcorebutia 825

528. Rebutía margarethae R ausch (Piloto: Rausch).

529. Sulcorebutia alba R ausch (Piloto: R ausch).

826 Sulcorebutia

530. Sulcorebutia flavissim a Rausch (Photo: Rausch).

531. Sulcorebutia krahnii Rausch (Photo: Rausch).

 Sulcorebutia 827

532. Sulcorebutia frankiana Rausch (Photo: Rausch).

533. Sulcorebutia verticillacantha v. aureiflora R itt. (Photo: Rausch).

828 Sulcorebutia

534. Sulcorebutia rauschii Frank (Photo: Rausch).