PEOPOSAL TITIE, THE CONTRIBUTION OF NGOs IN RURAL POVERITY

ALLEATION IN JIMMA ZONE IN CASE OF BOSA KITO KEBELE

JIMMA UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY

A SENIOR ESSAY SUBMITTED TO JIMMA UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF

SOCIOLOGY ON THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR
BACHELOR DEGREE IN SOCIOLOGY.

PREPARED BY: GROUP ONE SECTION TWO SOCIOLOGY STUDENTS

INSTRACTOR; NEGA A.[MA]

JIMMA, ETHIOPIA

I
STUDENT MEMBER

NAME IDNO

1.ABEBECHE BIDGIE……………………………………….

2.MOHAMMED YASIN……………………………………….

3.FENTAW AMBAW…………………………………………..

4.ZIYIN GASHAW……………………………………………….

5. NETASEW AN

II
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, we well like to thank God almighty, for all the things that he did for us. Next to God
we well like to thanks our family who help us their financial and moral support. Next we would
like depth thanks our instructor Nega A. (MA) for his contribution in the study.For his many
suggestion and constant support and friendly approach with us during this proposal. Furthermore,
this limitless and valuable effort gives a great pleasure.

III
 TABEL OF CONTENT

ACRONYMS……………………………………………………………………

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………

CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study……………………………………………………..

1.2 Statement of the problem……………………………………………………….
1.3 Objective of the study……………………………………………………………
1.3.1 General objective………………………………………………
1.3.2 Specific objective……………………………………………
1.4 Research question……………………………………………………………..
1.5 Significance of the study…………………………………………………….
1.6 Scope of the study………………………………………………………….
1.7 Limitation of the study……………………………………………………….
1.8 Conceptualizionof variable ………………………………………………
1.9 Operationalization of variable…………………………………………….
CHAPTER TWO……………………………………………………..

2.LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………………………

2.1 Review of NGOs role towards poverty alleviation…………………………

2.2 Rural Poverty………………………………………………………………
2.3 NGOs and funding……………………………………………………

2.4 The rule of NGOs with intervention in promoting rural

development………………………………………..

IV
 CHAPTER THREE………………………………………………..
3 RES EARCH METHODOLOGIES…………………………………….
3.1 Study of setting………………………………………………..
3.1.1 Description of the study area ………………………………
3.1.2 Justification for study site selection ……………………
3.2 Research approach………………………………………….
3.2.1 Qualitative research approach………………………
3.2.2 Quantitative research approach……………………..
3.3 Study Design……………………………………….
3.4 Source of data……………………………….
3.4.1 Primary source of data…………………………..
3.4.2 Secondary source of data……………………
3.5 Instrument of data collection ……………………….
3.6 Method of Data analysis and interpretation………………
3.7 Data Quality assurance mechanisms……………………..
3.8 Research Ethics………………………………………….

REFERENCES…………………………………………..

APPENDIX………………………………………………..

Questionnaire and guiding questions……………………….

Time Schedule………………………………………………

Budget proposal……………………………………………

V
 Acronyms
CRDA=Christian Relief Development Association

IMF =International Monetary Fund

KZN = Cantons Schuler Zurichnord

NGO =Non-Governmental Organization

PCDP=Pastoral Community Development

PRSP= Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

SNNPR= South Nations and Nationalities People Representatives

USAID= United States Agency for International Development

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 Abstract

The purpose of this study examined the contribution of NGOs intervention in rural poverty
alleviation in Jimma Zone in case of Bosa kitokebele. The study employed both qualitative and
quantitative research approaches due to the nature of the study’s requirement to be conducted .
The majority (86.8%) of the respondents state that, NGOs have significant role in agro-culture
sectors with helping the community specifically farming and farming products. Beside this, the
NGO also have role in the education and health sectors as the result shows. Based on the results
of this study, some recommendation like NGOs should have participate local community to
against rural poverty and it is also recommended the local government should have create
awareness about NGO and both local government and NGO should have cooperate together
evaluation of poverty reduction programs.

VII
 CHAPTER ONE

1.INTRODACTION

1.1 Background of the study

Over the last fifty years, the world were witnessed an unprecedented increase in rural

populations, directly mushrooming into informal settlements worldwide. In many developing

countries, poverty was been the major problem that drives people from rural to rural centers in

search of employment and better living conditions. This number is projected to increase in

developing countries, with hundreds of millions of people living without access to clean water,

shelter, security, and basic sanitation and land tenure World Bank (2003).

Poverty is a state where an individual is not able to cater adequately for his or her basic needs of
food, clothing and shelter; being unable to meet social and economic obligations

Poverty reduction means all formal activities geared towards lowering the rate and prevalence of

poverty in the country. Poverty reduction strategies are a position introduced in the many

countries by the World Bank that is a development plan borne out of collaborative efforts of a

broad range of stakeholders in poverty reduction. Poverty Reduction Strategy are a World Bank

and International Monetary Fund (IMF) initiative, introduced in September 1999. In 2008, an

American NGO, Warnock International, funded by United States Agency for International

Development (USAID) and Ford Foundation, settled in South Africa in Mel moth town, located

under Local Municipality, in the northern region of KZN.

This is to be replaced by a full Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) incorporating

participatory procedures for all key stakeholders. The PRS is due to become operational with

effect from July 2002; Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have been assisting the people

1
of Ethiopia with charitable, relief and development activities, especially since the major famine

of 1983/85 At mid-2001, there were around 195 NGOs registered with the Christian Relief and

Development Association (CRDA), with a further 10-12NGOs operating outside the forum and

network provided by CRDA.

The study is set out to investigate the contribution of NGOs on poverty reduction in Jimma zone

in case of Bosa KitoKeble. The finding of the study on the contribution NGOs on poverty

reduction. The study established that the interventionists NGOs are to perceive the communities

in self-help development project to reduce the poverty. It is when this notion is firmly rooted;

they can use their interventions in form of technical, financial and material aids to stimulate the

benefiting communities to participate actively in promotion of poverty reduction in the study

area. This study is tried to assess the contribution of NGOs in poverty reduction in Bosa Kito

kebele.

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1.2. Statement of the problem

Various NGOs have built up valid development experience in the world, especially in working

with poor categories of people such as the landless, cattle less, widows and orphans, in ways that

are complementary to state and private sector activity. NGO runs a variety of development

projects worldwide depending on the needs and suitability of environmental conditions of that

particular country (Tsegaye.D, 2001).

In Ethiopia, there are many NGOs which initiate community development projects with the aim

of creating sustainable livelihoods so as to reduce rural poverty in communities. Soon after those

NGOs leave, the community projects tend to fall. Once these have fallen, the communities return

to live on government support grants which then increase the dependency burden in the country.

There is a serious concern about the sustainability of community development projects after the

exit point of initiating agencies (Holland, J, 2002).

In order to ensure poverty alleviation, this must be given enough attention to reverse this norm

and know days, the government of Ethiopia encourages partnership with the civil society and

private organizations, NGO in order to ensure that the development of the country is achieved

3
with reduction of poverty. NGO Community Development project is one of NGO link in Like

Sector issues and government strategy were the focus of sector work which carried out. NGO

Community Development project (PCDP) focus in the area of General agriculture; fishing and

forestry sector (70%); other social services (30%) to give sustainable development (Kasha, G.

2000). This will enable an understanding as to whether the community is involved in the design

of interventions towards poverty alleviation and whether programs are developed that represent

the needs of the community. It also examines the perceptions of NGOs officials for poverty

alleviation, to see how they address poverty, and their relationship.

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 1.3 Research Objectives

1.3.1 General objective

General objectives of this study is to examine the contribution of NGOs intervention in rural

poverty alleviation in Jimma Zone incaseBosa Kito Keble

1.3.2 Specific objectives

 To find out efforts of NGOs in rural poverty reduction in the Bosa Kito Keble.

 To examine the service of the NGOs in rural poverty reduction in Bosa Kito Keble.

 To identify the role of NGOs in ensuring attitude-building with intervention in poverty

alleviation inBosa Kito Keble.

 To examine the attitude of the keels' beneficiaries towards the NGOs intervention in

rural area for poverty alleviation.

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 1.4 Research questions

1 What is effort of NGOs in rural poverty alleviation in the Bosa Kito kebele?

2 What types of service of the NGO development projects in rural poverty reduction?

3 What is role of NGO in ensuring that attitude-building with intervention in poverty alleviation?

4 What are perceptions of the beneficiaries towards the NGOs in addressing the community's

problem.

1.5 Scope of the study

The scope of this study is delimited in term of thematic focus and geographical coverage. In terms of

thematic focus this study is delimited to the study of contribution of NGOs intervention in rural poverty

alleviation inJimmaZone in case of Bosa Kito Keble. It is limited on studying efforts of NGOs in rural

poverty reduction, examine the service of the NGOS in rural poverty reduction, identify the role of NGOs

in ensuring attitude-building with intervention in poverty alleviation, and examine the views of the Keble

beneficiaries towards the NGOs intervention.

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1.6 Significance of the study

This study will contribute to a pool of knowledge available about the NGOs also their ability to

alleviate poverty through creation of sustainable livelihoods. It also assists the community

development workers together with the communities on what need to be done to ensure the

sustainability of these projects in the hands of the impoverished communities. The study will

also assist the future projects through the facts that were documented in the report for referencing

in the near future. This would mobilize awareness to the future development endeavors in order

to ensure sustainability to the projects initiated for ensuring better livelihoods in rural areas.

1.7 Limitation of the study

In this study the researcher faced some problems inside and outside. Among these the

problems :lack of available related source and literature that help the researcher to run the

activities in line with stated schedule and some respondents were not committed to answer the

question that in appropriate time. Some respondents are unwilling to give response for the

questions. On the other hand shortage of material resource, lack of time and financial. It was

also. Challenging to organizing and analyzing the data collected from respondent.

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 1.8 CONCEPTUALIZION VARIABLE

Inadequate technology
Carelessness and land
Acquiring and rainfall
degradation

Rural poverty

Lack of Bureaucracy of

awareness Government

ROLE OF NGO

1.9 Operationalization of Variable

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Concept Variable indicator measurement scale
DEMOGRAPHIC Age Age of respondents Interval scale
Marital status Marital status of Married,
CHARACTERSTIC
respondent unmarried
S
Nominal scale
Sex Sex of respondents Male or female

Nominal scale

Family size Actual family size By Count the

household number of response

Interval or ratio

scale
Economy Income and types of Upper, middle,

states lower
occupation

Ordinal scale
Create work It tries to create work Yes or no

opportunities opportunities for rural

EFFORTS OF NGO Nominal scale
community

Types of work What types of work Response in name

opportunities create by
Nominal scale
NGO?

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 Participation Does NGO was Yes or no

of community participated local

Nominal scale
community to reduce

rural poverty?

Types of What types of service you Response in name

service gotten from NGO?

Nominal scale

SERVICE OF NGO
enough The NGO can provided Strongly agree up

service sufficient service for to strongly disagree

poverty in your Keble

Ordinal scale

Personal need Did you have benefited Yes or no

from NGO in addressing

Nominal scale
your need

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 CHAPTER TWO

2 .LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Review of NGO role towards poverty alleviation

This chapter presents a discussion on the role of NGOs in poverty reduction, through building a

definition of ‘NGO’ through development and ‘poverty’ as they were used in the analysis. Non-

Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are defined as organization’s that do not belong to either

government or the private sector. The lack of government presence in informal settlements in

many cities across developing countries were led to donors and the state acknowledging the role

of NGOs as a means of providing services inexpensively and timely to low-income households

in these areas.

2.2 Rural Poverty

Rural poverty is not always conceptualized as a distinct category. Across many developing

countries in Africa poverty is still considered largely a rural phenomenon. It is often linked to

agriculture, the sector on which most rural poor depend on their survival (Deacon, 2008). Rural

poverty, however, were specific dimensions and vulnerabilities that the rural poor do not face.

Most definitions of rural poverty are income-based and do not account for the assets and

livelihoods of the rural poor. Definitions of rural can vary across different regions Rural poverty

must be viewed in light of the “multiple deprivations” that those with low incomes face, many of

11
which are a result of their “social, economic and political relationship (or lack of them) with the

state". Living in poor quality and overcrowded housing and lacking adequate provision for water,

sanitation and drainage, the rural poor are exposed to high levels of environmental health risk.

They are prohibited by law to distribute any excess income to executives and board members.

This sector consists of organizations not in any way dependent on or responsible to either the

public or private sectors, (Swanepoel& De Beer; 2006). Swanepoel& De Beer (2006) that

usually NGOs come into existence to address specific problems, usually health, education or

housing.

. Swanepoel& De Beer (2006) also the essence of ownership of the development by stressing that

as long as the communities are not allowed to take center stage to own the development, the

success of the development efforts shall never materialize.

Unemployment rates have reached critical proportions; this is a significant factor in the declining

standards of living and rising poverty in the society, (Patel, 2005).

NGOs by definition are independent, impartial and neutral agencies, which provide relief,

rehabilitation, reconstruction and development assistance, (Jetliner; 2006). David set al. (2005)

specifies that NGOs are institutionally independent of government; they are privately set up, and

are normally under the control of independent board of directors. Gasela&Masiwa (2007) point

out that partnering of municipalities and NGOs throughout is an indication that there is a space

for increased efficiency in the delivery of services through a collaborative and concerted effort.

However, the issue of non-government organization‘s accountability and election of the board of

directors have become a thorny political question so lately.Be it as it may, this may bring service

delivery into a standstill.

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Many authors are of the view that due to the increasing pressure to realize the Millennium

Development Goals in 2015, the non-government organizations have a greater opportunity to

increase their roles in reducing poverty and improving the standards of living for the people they

serve.

According to this study, the category of elites keeps swelling as jobs in the private sector and the

state become more and more competitive. In Africa, appreciates that most of the non-government

organizations are donor funded and have to request funding through donor-tailored customary

procedures.

2.3. NGOs and funding

Most NGOs depend on donor-funding for survival. This then compromises the autonomy and the

objectives of the NGO in terms providing the service it aspires to the community. Lombard

(1992:156) the essence of funding since there is no community work programmed that can start

without the funding aid. As a result, the scope at which NGOs can operate is limited to their

ability to get funds from the donor agencies. Morose (2004) adds that NGOs represent a

fundamental link in the aid chain which is the final were of a process that, from donors funding,

leads to the implementation of development-oriented projects in the Third World countries.

For most organizations, revenue maximization becomes a primary point of focus over mission

fulfillment for many organizations, (Seabee, 2010).

13
The issue of non-government organizations funded by donors does not only limit their scope to

perform their duty, but also points out to issues of accountability. One may end up asking a

question of who is the NGO accountable, is it the government of the day, whose interests it is

trying to pursue or the donor agencies that provide money to undertake the jobs. In most cases, in

developing countries, the NGOs are funded by foreign donors; hence, this also places the greatest

limitations since the donor may become theoretical about the practical implementation of the

projects at an operational level, (Shoji, 2007).

2.4 The Role of NGOs with intervention in promoting rural development

Across the developing world, NGOs have engaged with low-income communities to tackle rural

poverty. NGOs or the third sector are considered to play a role in correcting the failures of the

state and the market and to “make demands on the State and holding State offyicials

accountable”. NGOs are considered to be important players in the field of social development. In

some cases, NGOs are expected to be the “Magic bullet” that fixes some of the world’s biggest

developmental problems, such as rural poverty (Edwards and Hume 1996).

NGOs often engage with local populations – especially the poor and the weak living in

underserved areas and command their trust to find solutions to problems that governments have

been unable or unwilling to solve. Development professionals have recognized the contributions

of NGOs primarily for the ability of NGOs to work directly with low-income communities

excluded from services provided by the state and the market (Matlin, 2001).

. Hussein (2001) notes four arguments in favor of NGOs working within underserved

communities. First, NGOs encourage the involvement of the poor and are able to access areas

that are neglected by the government, Secondly, NGOs are more economical in service delivery

and given they are serving the poor and disadvantaged, are not seeking returns from their actions:

14
they are primarily driven by the act of serving the “poor and disadvantaged”. Thirdly, NGOs are

“relatively immune from the changing political tides”, while public sector policies and agencies

are subjected to unforeseen change.

Lastly, NGOs are sensitive to local needs and are respectful of informal traditional structures

within communities.

Furthermore, within rural contexts, NGO have been recognized to assist the rural poor in

accessing credit, improving their homes and the environment, and providing services, especially

through slum and squatter upgrading programs (Matlin and Satterthwaited 2004, Sabra 2009).

NGOs often focus on land use rights of low-income households, on structure owner relations,

and on the rights of informal workers and women in informal settlements, in the process

reducing the “noiselessness and powerlessness “of poor, vulnerable and marginalized people

(Matlin and Satterthwaite, 2004).

2.5 Role of NGOs in different dimension

Morose (2004) considers NGOs as a useful tool through which the donors identify more

precisely the best remedial measures and provide a channel for public opinion at a local level in

order to customize official international programmers to specific local needs. Their primary

15
objective is to render assistance to individuals or developing communities in order to promote

sustainable development at grassroots, (Nzimakwe, 2008). Martinet al (2005) suggests the role

of NGOs in three dimensions; the first examines development as both a process and as

intervention.

The second concerns the tripartite division between the three key institutional arenas of state,

civil society and market. And the third one relates to the issues of scale, from local to global

perspective. The NGOs should be perceived as part of the societal and political economies in

which they operate.

According to Matlin et al (2005), these are endogenous to development despite the fact that

many consider them as external factors.

The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) is co-financing the project with the

Bank and was participated fully from identification through to appraisal. FAO were also played

an important role in throughout preparation using FAO/CP resources. The project also supports

the FAO-le d "Horn of Africa" initiative in the region and FAO Technical Cooperation Program

funding will support parallel woreda investment programs in Afar (Chifra) and in Somali

(Harshin). The DFID-financed "NGO Communication Initiative", which is implemented by the

University of Sussex, is co-financing pilot operations and was proved to be an important partner

during preparation, particularly in its ability to promote and facilitate dialogue among NGO

Parliamentarians.

CHAPTER THREE

3. RESEARCH METHODAND DESIGN

In conducting meaningful systematic types of research it must to pursue a well-defined and

organized research methodology and procedure. As the methodology determines the destiny of

16
the research to the complex and unrealistic and it will develop systematically and crucial to

follow coherent and logical type of research methodology. Accordingly, section that follow

includes; study setting, research approach, study design, source of data, method and instrument

of data collection, sampling techniques, operationalization of the concept, methodological

triangulation, method of data analysis and ethical consideration.

3.1 Description of the study area

The study was conducted in Bosa kito Keble Jimma Town which is located at south western part

of Ethiopia. Bosakito is one of the Keble of Jimma Town which is 355kms far from Addis Ababa

and 3.5kmsfar away from Jimma university main campus. The Keble has woynadega climate

17
type with swampy features. Its geographical boundary has been described as follows, in East,

Awitumendera, in West, Bosa Addis, in North, Hirmata, in South, Sato Samaro. The total

population of Bosakito in 2008 Census is 13741; from this total population 6721 are males and

6993 are females. Bosakito Keble’s out of 13741 are 5282 number are group of reproductive

age. The rational justification of selected this area is because of nearest to the university, and also

it is preferable to study about the factors that affect women empowerment in household decision

making. The researcher was selected this area by assuming different source of information has been

gained from the respondents and to study easily.

3.2 Research approach

This study employed mixed research approach: Quantitative and qualitative. The reason behind

employing mixed research approach is that both quantitative and qualitative research can support

each other towards a better understanding of the issue under study (Creswell2009). It is believed

that combining multiple theories, methods and empirical materials in social science researches

can hope to overcome the weakness or intrinsic biases and the problems that come from single

method and single theory studies (yeasmin and Rahman 2012).

3.2.1 Qualitative research approach

This method provides detailed description and analysis of quality or a substance of the human

experience (Marv Asti, 2004). This approach important to explore the contribution of NGOs

18
inorder to get detail information and understand their attitude to reduce rural poverty through

oral-verbal interview

3.2.2 Quantitative research approach

This research strategy explores human experience through numerical or statistical data so as to

measure attitude behaviors and perception (Bryman1998; Abiy etal.2009). As result this study

was explored survey method so as to examine the contribution of NGO intervention in rural

poverty alleviation.

3.3 Study Design

The study employed a cross-sectional research in order to obtain data concerning the issue under

study. A cross-sectional design entails a collection of data at single point of time from a sample

selected to describe some large population at that time (Bryman1998). The aim of this study is

single-time descriptions of the issue under examine the contribution of NGO intervention in rural

poverty alleviation.

3.4 Sampling method and sample size

This study employed both probability and non-probability sampling techniques. From non-

probability sampling techniques researcher used purposively, because these techniques enable us

to identify people who have unique position and they selected based on their availability.

Regarding to probability sample techniques researcher used systematic random in order to select

respondents.The total population in Bosa Kito 13741people. Amongst those populations our

target population is 6750 who are benefited from NGO. After we select Bosa Kito kebele.

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 3.5 Method of data

To obtain adequate information regarding contribution of NGO intervention in rural poverty

alleviation in Bosa kitoKeble, the researcher employed both primary and secondary source of

data.

3.5.1 Primary source of data

In primary source of data collection, the researcher used both interview and questionnaires in

order to detail information about issue from the respondents. Primary data was gathered from

key informant and beneficiaries.

3.5.2 Secondary source of data

In secondary source of data collection, researcher was used different Materials such as different

books, internet service, published and unpublished documents to get detail understanding about

affairs of the study.

3.6 Instrument of data collection

The researcher gathered both quantitative and qualitative approaches to collect information

needed to the study. The researcher was gathered quantitative data through questionnaires to the

respondents, while for qualitative data, researcher gather data by taking in-depth interview and

key informant interview.

3.7 Method of data analysis and interpretation

Data analysis is a systematic search for meaning. Analysis means organizing and interpreting in

ways that allow researcher to see patterns, identify themes, discover relationship, develop

explanation, make interpretation, mount critiques or generate theories(Hatch 2002 in

Nalenga2012).After the would be collected through questionnaires and thematic analysis

20
respectively. Quantitative data obtain from questionnaire was be analyzed using descriptive

data statistics like percentage, frequency andtable. On the other hand, qualitative data obtain

from an in-depth interview was transcribed and sort out in to them categories and analysis by

using thematic.

3.8 DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE MECHANISMS

We use four main criteria used to measure data quality:

Accuracy: for whatever data described, it needs to be accurate.

 Relevancy: the data should meet the requirements for the intended use.

 Completeness: the data should not have missing values or miss data records.

 Timeliness: the data should be up to date

3.9 Research Ethics

In this proposal research, the goal of ethics is to ensure that those participating in the

research are not harmed or suffer adverse effects. The participants in this study was

awarded their participation in the study is voluntary, this have freedom to with draw

researcher was kept in the following ethical, through all process of the research. From the

study, at any time without any unfavorable consequences and the will not be harmed as
21
 result of their participation or non-participation in the study. The community will be

informed those responses shall strictly be used for research purpose only and these

identifies kept discreet.

REFRENCE

Beating, P. 2010: An Impact Assessment of Federal Government Policies on Poverty Reduction

in Northern Senatorial Zone of Gross Rivers State, Nigeria 1987-2007.

Bryman1998. Social research method 2nded. Oxford, uk : oxford university press.

. Retrieved from http//:www.ccsent.org..

Group, WPS, 072

Dewar, D and Watson, V. 1981.Unemployment and the Informal sector: some proposals.

University of Cape Town, Rural problems research Unit. Edwards, M., &Hume, D. 1996

Non-Governmental Organizations, Performance and

Helland,J. 2002

Marvisti, 2004.Qualitative research in sociology an introduction.Sage publication.Mauri, G.

2013. Lutar Contra a Pobreza e aExclusão Social: O Contributor das ONG. SãoPaulo, Editor.

22
Matlin, D. 2005 ‘Chronic Poverty in Rural Areas, Environment and Realization, Vol.

Matlin, D., Satterthwaite, D. 2004)‘Addressing Deprivations in Rural areas,’ in Empowering

23
 APENDX

JIMMA UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Social Science and Humanities

Department of Sociology

Dear our respondent we are students of sociology at Jimma university. We are carrying out a

research on the title of the contribution NGOs intervention in rural poverty alleviation in the case

of Bosa Kito. The study is a part of the requirements for bachelor degree at JimmaUniversity.

We are commitment for you will provide an information and confidentiality respected. And also

serve for any academic purpose. Your participation and heartfelt response to the question is

important to the achievement of the study. No need writhing your name since we kindly ask

your confederate in filing this qutionery truth fully

General instruction: For giving your answer please write the number of your choice in the

corresponding box provided. But if you have different answer other than the given options, use

the space provided. You are not restricted to the space provided for open ended questions.

PART ONE: questionnaire related with personal information

1 Sex: Male female

2 Ages: _________

3 Marital statuses: unmarried married divorced widowed

4 Religion afflation: Orthodox protestant

Muslim other specify_______

5 Total family size: 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-above

6 Economic statuses: upper middle lower

GUIDING QUESTIONS

1 what types of benefit do you get from the NGOs?

2 In which types of sector NGOs contribute to alleviation poverty?

3 How do your attitudes of NGOs working in your Keble towards poverty

4 What role do you think NGOs play in poverty reduction?

5 Do believe that NGO provide sufficient service in your Keble?

6 how is the role of NGO regarding to create awareness to protect your health sanitation?

Time Schedule

NO Major April

activity

1 Back x

ground and

literature

review

2 Data x
 collection

3 Data x

analysis

4 Printing the x

proposal

paper

5 Submission x

of paper

6 Presentation x

day

Budget Proposal

No Description Unit Amount Unit cost Total

1 Pen Piece 2 5 10
2 Binder Piece 1 30 30
4 Writing and Piece 25 2 50

printing
5 Copying Piece 25 1 25
6 Tea Page 5 4 20
7 Total 58 42 135