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    Slides For Language and The Human Brain

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    Joshua Lagonoy
    The document discusses language and speech processing in the human brain. It notes that language involves socially shared rules around semantics, grammar, and social context, while speech is the verbal means of communication involving articulation, voice, fluency and prosody. It then discusses some common language and speech disorders, including aphasia (loss of language abilities), Broca's aphasia (difficultly with expression), Wernicke's aphasia (difficultly with comprehension), and global aphasia (difficultly with all language abilities). The document provides details on how each type of aphasia impacts speech and language abilities based on the areas of brain damage.

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    Slides For Language and The Human Brain

    Uploaded by

    Joshua Lagonoy
    163 views13 pages
    The document discusses language and speech processing in the human brain. It notes that language involves socially shared rules around semantics, grammar, and social context, while speech is the verbal means of communication involving articulation, voice, fluency and prosody. It then discusses some common language and speech disorders, including aphasia (loss of language abilities), Broca's aphasia (difficultly with expression), Wernicke's aphasia (difficultly with comprehension), and global aphasia (difficultly with all language abilities). The document provides details on how each type of aphasia impacts speech and language abilities based on the areas of brain damage.

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    Slides for Language and the Human Brain

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    The document discusses language and speech processing in the human brain. It notes that language involves socially shared rules around semantics, grammar, and social context, while speech is the verbal means of communication involving articulation, voice, fluency and prosody. It then discusses some common language and speech disorders, including aphasia (loss of language abilities), Broca's aphasia (difficultly with expression), Wernicke's aphasia (difficultly with comprehension), and global aphasia (difficultly with all language abilities). The document provides details on how each type of aphasia impacts speech and language abilities based on the areas of brain damage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    163 views13 pages

    Slides For Language and The Human Brain

    Uploaded by

    Joshua Lagonoy
    The document discusses language and speech processing in the human brain. It notes that language involves socially shared rules around semantics, grammar, and social context, while speech is the verbal means of communication involving articulation, voice, fluency and prosody. It then discusses some common language and speech disorders, including aphasia (loss of language abilities), Broca's aphasia (difficultly with expression), Wernicke's aphasia (difficultly with comprehension), and global aphasia (difficultly with all language abilities). The document provides details on how each type of aphasia impacts speech and language abilities based on the areas of brain damage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 13

    Language and the

    Human Brain

    BSEE 24
    KEYPOINTS
    KEYPOINTS
    KEYPOINTS
    Parts of the Brain
    Language versus Speech
    Language Speech

    Language is made up of socially shared rules that include Speech is the verbal means of communicating. Speech
    the following: consists of the following:
    ● Semantics or meaning (e.g., “stern” can mean ● Articulation: How speech sounds are made
    “severity of manner” or “the back of a boat”) ● Voice: The use of the vocal folds and breathing to
    ● How to make new words (e.g., friend, friendly, produce sound (e.g., hoarseness, breathiness,
    unfriendly) projection)
    ● Grammar (e.g., “I walked to the new restaurant” ● Fluency and prosody: The rhythm, intonation, stress,
    rather than “walk I restaurant new”) and related attributes of speech
    ● Social context (e.g., “Could you please open the
    window?” versus “Hey, open the window now!”)
    REMEMBER:

    · When someone has trouble understanding other people


    (receptive language) or explaining thoughts, ideas and feelings
    (expressive language), that is a language disorder.
    · When someone cannot produce speech sounds correctly or
    fluently or has voice problems, that is a speech disorder.
    Disorders of Speech and Language

    ● Aphasia
    ● Broca’s Aphasia
    ● Wernicke’s Aphasia
    ● Global Aphasia
    Aphasia

    Aphasia is the term used to describe an acquired loss of language


    that causes problems with any or all of the following: speaking, listening,
    reading and writing. Typically, reading and writing are more impaired than
    talking or understanding. Some people with aphasia have trouble using
    words and sentences (expressive aphasia). Some have problems
    understanding others (receptive aphasia). Others with aphasia struggle
    with both using words and understanding (global aphasia). The severity of
    the aphasia depends on the amount and location of the damage to the
    brain.
    Broca’s (expressive or motor) Aphasia

    Damage to a discrete part of the brain in the left frontal lobe


    (Broca’s area) of the language-dominant hemisphere has been shown
    to significantly affect the use of spontaneous speech and motor
    speech control. Words may be uttered very slowly and poorly
    articulated. Speech may be labored and consist primarily of nouns,
    verbs or important adjectives. Speech takes on a telegraphic
    character. People suffering from Broca’s aphasia have great difficulty
    with repetition and a severe impairment in writing.
    Wernicke’s Aphasia

    Damage to the posterior superior areas of the language dominant temporal


    lobe (often called Wernicke’s area) has been shown to significantly affect speech
    comprehension. In other words, information is heard through an intact auditory
    cortex in the anterior temporal lobe, however, when it arrives at the posterior
    association areas, the information cannot be sufficiently “translated.”

    In contrast to Broca’s aphasia, the person with Wernicke’s aphasia talks


    volubly and gestures freely. Speech is produced without effort, and sentences
    are of normal length. However, the person’s speech is devoid of meaning.
    Global Aphasia

    If damage encompasses both Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas, global aphasia


    can occur. In this case, all aspects of speech and language are affected.
    Patients can say a few words at most and understand only a few words and
    phrases. They usually cannot carry out commands or name objects. They
    cannot read or write or repeat words said to them.

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