10

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 8:
Writing Equation of a Circle and
Determining the Center and
Radius of a Circle

CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 8

Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 8: Writing Equation of a Circle and Determining the Center and
Radius of a Circle
First Edition, 2020

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 10

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 8:
Writing Equation of a Circle and
Determining the Center and
Radius of a Circle

0
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module contains activities, discussions and practice exercises on how to

determine the center and radius of a circle given its equation and vice versa. This
particular topic is essential in Coordinate Geometry. Understanding coordinate
geometry has important applications like mapping in aeronautics and navigation,
finding the distance and midpoints between points and many more in other different
fields. Thus, it is important for you to know how to determine the center and radius of
circles given its equation and vice versa.

At the end of this module, you will be able to achieve the following objectives:
1. illustrate the center-radius form of the equation of a circle, and
2. determine the center and radius of a circle given its equation and vice
versa.

What I Know

DIRECTION: Let us determine how much you already know about the equation of a
circle. Read and understand each item, then choose the letter of your answer and
write it on your answer sheet.

1. Which equation represents an equation of a circle in the standard form?

A) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 C) 𝑥2 + 4x + 2 = 0
B) 𝑥 + 𝑦2 = 8 D) 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 25

2. Which of the following represents an equation of a circle in the general form?

A) 𝑥2 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 5 = 0 C) 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 4x − 4y − 28 = 0
B) 𝑦2 − 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5 = 0 D) none of these

3. A circle defined by 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 9 has a graph whose center is at .

A) origin B) quadrant I C) quadrant II D) quadrant III

4. A circle with an equation defined by (𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 9 has a graph whose

center is located at .
A) quadrant I B) quadrant II C) quadrant III D) quadrant IV

5. What is the center of the circle defined by (𝑥 + 5)2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 36?

A) (5,3) B) (−5,3) C) (−5, −3) D) (5, −3)

1 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 8

6. What is the center of the circle 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 4𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 13 = 0?
A) (2,5) B) (−2,5) C) (2, −5) D) (−2, −5)

7. What is the radius of the circle 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 4𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 13 = 0?

A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6

8. What is the equation of the circle whose center is at (0,5) and has a radius of 5?
A) 𝑥2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 25 C) 𝑥2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 5
B) 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 25 D) (𝑥 − 5)2 + 𝑦2 = 25

9. What is the general form of the equation of a circle whose center is at (3,0) and
the radius is 4?
A) 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 4𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 13 = 0 C) 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 6𝑥 − 7 = 0
B) 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 10𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 16 = 0 D) 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 6𝑥 + 7 = 0

10. Given by the equation of the circle, 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 28 = 0, what is its center-

radius form?
A) (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 36 C) (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 36
B) (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 36 D) 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 36

What’s In

Your previous lessons on circles and the use of distance formula are both
significantly relevant skills for you to understand the next lesson. Let’s have a short
recall of these topics.

• CIRCLE
A circle is the set of all points, (𝑥, 𝑦), on a plane having the same distance from a
fixed point called the center of the circle. The distance between the center of the
circle and any point on the circle is called the radius, 𝑟, of the circle.

• DISTANCE FORMULA
Supposing the coordinates of point 𝐴 is (𝑥1, 𝑦1) and point 𝐵 is (𝑥2, 𝑦2), then the
distance, 𝑑, between point 𝐴 and point 𝐵 is

𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2

2 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 8

 What’s New

Before you proceed to the lesson proper, it is important that you know how to
use the distance formula in finding the measure of the radius of a circle. The
following activity will also help you understand the lesson.

Activity 1: Radius of a Circle

Direction: Given the graph of each circle, find the length of the radius 𝑟 using the
distance formula.

1) 2)

(2, 2)

(1, 2)
(0,0) 𝑟
(−2, 1)

Solution: Solution:

Answer: Answer:

You did a good job in performing the given tasks! Now, it’s your time to check
your own work. If you answered both items correctly, you may proceed to the next
part of this module. If not, please try again.

check your answers

3 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 8

 What Is It

You’ve learned already how to find the measure / length of the radius of a
circle using the distance formula when given the coordinates of the center and a
point on the circle. This time you will be learning about the different forms of the
equation of a circle.

A. Circle with center at the origin.

Given the circle with center at (0,0). To

draw its radius (𝑟), connect the center to
any point on the circle like point 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦).

Then using the distance formula, we can

find the equation of the circle.

We find the distance between the

center(0,0) and 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦), which is the
length of the radius(𝑟) of the circle.

From the distance formula, let 𝑃1 (0,0), 𝑃2 (𝑥, 𝑦), and 𝑟 be the distance.

𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2

𝑟 = √(𝑥 − 0)2 + (𝑦 − 0)2 Substitute 𝑃1, 𝑃2 and 𝑟 in the formula.

𝑟 = √𝑥2 + 𝑦2 Simplify.
𝑟2 = 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 Square both sides of the equation.
Thus, the equation of a circle with center at the origin is 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐.

B. Circle with center NOT at the origin.

Notice that the center of the circle is not on

the origin but rather at point (ℎ, 𝑘). At point
𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) on the circle, the radius 𝑟 is drawn
connecting the two points.

We find the distance between the center

(ℎ, 𝑘) and 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦), which is the length of the
radius (𝑟) of the circle.

4 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 8

From the distance formula, let 𝑃1 (ℎ, 𝑘), 𝑃2 (𝑥, 𝑦), and 𝑟 be the distance.

𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2

𝑟 = √(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 Substitute 𝑃1 and 𝑃2 in the formula.

𝑟2 = (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 Square both sides of the equation.
Thus, the equation of a circle with center not on the origin at any point (ℎ, 𝑘) is
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐.

Center-Radius Form (Standard Form) of the Equation of a Circle

Let 𝑟 be the radius of a circle, the equation of a circle in center-radius form is:
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 with center at the origin (0,0)
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 with center not on the origin at (ℎ, 𝑘)

Examples:
1. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 9
2. (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = 4

Expanding the standard form, we will arrive at the general form of the
equation of a circle.

Expand: (x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = r2

Solution: x2 − 2hx + h2 + y2 − 2ky + k2 − r2 = 0

x2 + y2 + (−2h)x + (−2k)y + h2 + k2 − r2 = 0
*let C = −2h, D = −2k and E = h2 + k2 − r2
x2 + y2 + Cx + Dy + E = 0

General Form of the Equation of a Circle

Thus, the equation of a circle in general form is 𝐱𝟐 + 𝐲𝟐 + 𝐂𝐱 + 𝐃𝐲 + 𝐄 = 𝟎

where 𝐶, 𝐷 and 𝐸 are real numbers.

Examples:
1. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 6𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 18 = 0
2. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 8𝑥 = 0
3. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 2𝑦 − 3 = 0
4. 4𝑥2 + 4𝑦2 − 16𝑥 + 24𝑦 − 36 = 0

Note: The numerical coefficients of 𝑥2 and 𝑦2 are both equal to 1, and the value of
the radius (𝑟) is positive. Moreover, the numerical coefficients of 𝑥2 and 𝑦2
can be possibly not equal to 1 but they must be equal and cannot be equal to
zero. See example 4 above.

5 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 8

 After learning the equations of a circle in relation to its center and radius. This
time, you will learn how to determine the center and radius of a circle given the
equation, and to write the equation of a circle given the center and the radius.

Example 1: Find the center and radius of the circle 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 25.

Solution: The given equation is in the form 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2.

This means that the center of the circle is at the origin.
To find the radius, get the square root of 25, which is 5.
Note: Since 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 25 is in the form 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2, then 𝑟2 = 25.
By extracting the square roots, 𝑟 = 𝟓.

Therefore, the center of the circle is at (𝟎, 𝟎) and the radius is 5 units.

Example 2: Find the center and radius of the circle 𝑥2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 16.

Solution: The given equation is in the form (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2 .

This means that the center of the circle is at (ℎ, 𝑘).
𝑥2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 16 Given.

(𝑥 − 0)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 42 Write as (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2.

ℎ = 0, 𝑘 = 4, 𝑟 = 4 Identify the values of ℎ, 𝑘, and 𝑟.

Therefore, the center of the circle is at (𝟎, 𝟒) and the radius is 4 units.

Example 3: Find the center and radius of the circle whose equation is
represented by 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 6𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 18 = 0.

Solution: Since the equation is written in general form, we need to transform the
equation to its standard form to determine its center and radius.

𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 6𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 18 = 0 Given.

(𝑥2 − 6𝑥) + (𝑦2 − 10𝑦) + 18 = 0 Group terms with the same variable.

(𝑥2 − 6𝑥) + (𝑦2 − 10𝑦) = −18 Apply Addition Property of Equality.

(𝑥2 − 6𝑥 + ) + (𝑦2 − 10𝑦 + ) = −18 + + Apply completing the squares.

6 2 10 2
(𝑥2 − 6𝑥 + 9) + (𝑦2 − 10𝑦 + 25) = −18 + 9 + 25 ( ) =9 ( ) = 25
2 2

(𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 16 Factoring perfect square trinomial.

(𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 42 Write as (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2.

ℎ = 3, 𝑘 = 5, 𝑟 = 4 Identify the values of ℎ, 𝑘, and 𝑟.

Therefore, the center of the circle is at (𝟑, 𝟓) and the radius is 4 units.

6 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 8

Example 4: Find the center and radius of the circle whose equation is
represented by 4𝑥2 + 4𝑦2 − 16𝑥 + 24𝑦 − 36 = 0.

Solution: Since the numerical coefficients of 𝑥2 and 𝑦2 are both not equal to 1,
divide both sides of the equation by 4.

4𝑥2+4𝑦2−16𝑥+24𝑦−36 0
= Divide each term by 4.
4 4
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 9 = 0
(𝑥2 − 4𝑥) + (𝑦2 + 6𝑦) − 9 = 0
(𝑥2 − 4𝑥) + (𝑦2 + 6𝑦) = 9
(𝑥2 − 4𝑥 + ) + (𝑦2 + 6𝑦 + ) = 9 + +
(𝑥2 − 4𝑥 + 4) + (𝑦2 + 6𝑦 + 9) = 9 + 4 + 9
(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 22
(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = ξ22
ℎ = 2, 𝑘 = −3, 𝑟 = ξ22

Therefore, the center of the circle is at (𝟐, −𝟑) and the radius is ξ𝟐𝟐 units.

Example 5. Write the equation of the circle in center-radius form whose center is at
(6,7) and contains the point (2,5).

Solution: Step 1: Find the radius using the distance formula.

𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2 Let 𝑃1(6,7) and 𝑃2(2,5)

𝑟 = √(2 − 6)2 + (5 − 7)2 Substitute 𝑃1, 𝑃2 and 𝑟.

𝑟 = √(−4)2 + (−2)2 Perform the operations.

𝑟 = ξ16 + 4 Square each term.

𝑟 = ξ20 = 2ξ5 Simplify.

Step 2: Write the equation in center-radius form.

At 𝐶(6, 7); h = 6, 𝑘 = 7.

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2 Use the center-radius form.

2
(𝑥 − 6)2 + (𝑦 − 7)2 = (2ξ5) Substitute the values of ℎ, 𝑘, and 𝑟.

(𝑥 − 6)2 + (𝑦 − 7)2 = 20 Simplify.

Therefore, the equation of the circle in center-radius form is (𝒙 − 𝟔)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟕)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎.

7 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 8

Example 6: Write the equation of the circle in general form with center at (−5, −4)
and radius of 3 units.

Solution: Given: h = −5, k = −4, r = 3

[x − (−5)]2 + [y − (−4)]2 = 32 Substitute given in (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟2.

(𝑥 + 5)2 + (𝑦 + 4)2 = 9 Simplify.

𝑥2 + 10𝑥 + 25 + 𝑦2 + 8𝑦 + 16 = 9 Expand by squaring a binomial.

𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 10𝑥 + 8𝑦 + 32 = 0 Write in 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶 = 0.

Therefore, the equation of the circle in general form is 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟎.

What’s More

Activity 2: Pair them Up

Match the given parts of the circle with its corresponding equation. Use the
letters of your answer to decode the message below.

Item Given Equation

1 Center (0,5) 𝑟=6 N. (x – 2)2 + (y – 4)2 = 36
2 Center (8, −7) 𝑟 = 15 R. (x + 4)2 + (y – 9)2 = 144
3 Center (6,1) 𝑟=9 A. (x – 6)2 + (y – 1)2 = 81
4 Center (−4,9) 𝑟 = 12 E. (x – 8)2 + (y + 7)2 = 225
5 Center (2,4) 𝑟=6 L. x2 + (y – 5)2 = 36
6 Center (−4, −4) 𝑟 = 4ξ2 H. (x – 7)2 + y2 = 64
7 Center (5,5) 𝑟 = 3ξ3 T. x2 + (y + 2)2 = 49
8 Center (−2,0) 𝑟 = 10 M. (x + 2)2 + y2 = 100
9 Center (0, −2) 𝑟=7 G. (x – 5)2 + (y – 5)2 = 27
10 Center (7,0) 𝑟=8 I. (x + 4)2 + (y + 4)2 = 32
11 Center (−2,2) 𝑟 = 4ξ2 F. x2 + y2 – 6x – 10y + 18 = 0
12 Center (3,0) 𝑟=4 Y. x2 + y2 – 6x – 7 = 0
13 Center (3,5) 𝑟=4 S. x2 + y2 + 4x – 4y – 24 = 0
14 Center (0,0) 𝑟=5 O. (x – 3)2 + (y – 3)2 = 20
15 Center (3,3) 𝑟 = 2ξ5 U. x2 + y2 = 25

15 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 7 8 3 9 10

6 11 4 2 3 1 1 12 13 14 5 !

8 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 8

 What I Have Learned

Complete the statements below:

I have learned that …
1) when the center of a circle is at the origin, the equation to be used is
.
2) when the center of a circle is at any other point (ℎ, 𝑘), the equation to be used is
.
3) a circle can also be represented in its general form which is written as
.
4) for a circle to exist, radius is and coefficients of
𝑥 and 𝑦 should not be equal to
2 2 .
5) given the coordinates of the center and any other point on the circle, the length of
the radius can be computed by using the .
6) to write the equation of a circle, the two necessary parts must be obtained:
(a) and (b) .

What I Can Do

Word Problem:
Mang Cardo tied his carabao to a peg in the field. In the evening, dark clouds
began to form and the weather turned bad. Consecutive lightning and thunder
frightened the carabao causing it to run in circles straining its rope.
In the morning when the weather calmed down, Mang Cardo sent his Grade
10 son to untie the carabao. His son was surprised to see a perfectly formed circle
around the carabao’s peg.
If the circle formed by the carabao’s foot prints is given by the equation
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 119 = 0, how long is the carabao’s rope if the scale used is 1
meter is to 2 units?
Illustration: Solution:

Conclusion:

9 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 8

 Assessment

DIRECTION: Read and understand each item, then choose the letter of your answer
and write it on your answer sheet.

1. What is the center-radius form of a circle defined by 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 1 = 0?

A) (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 6 C) (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 8
B) (𝑥 − 1) + (𝑦 + 2) = 6
2 2 D) (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 8

2. Which of the following is NOT an equation of a circle in general form?

A) 2𝑥2 + 2𝑦2 − 12𝑥 − 20𝑦 + 36 = 0 C) 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 10𝑦 + 9 = 0
B) 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 6𝑥 − 7 = 0
2 2 D) 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 6 = 0

3. What is the location of the center of a circle define by (𝑥 + 6)2 + (𝑦 + 4)2 = 9?

A) Quadrant I B) Quadrant II C) Quadrant III D) Quadrant IV

4. What is the equation of the circle whose center is at (4,0) and the radius is 3?
A) 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 8𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 7 = 0 C) 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 8𝑥 + 7 = 0
B) 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 8𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 7 = 0 D) 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 8𝑦 + 7 = 0

5. What is the measure of the radius of a circle defined by 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 8𝑥 + 8 = 0?

A) 2ξ2 B) 4ξ2 C) 4 D) 8

6. The center of a circle is at (7, −2) and the radius is 5 units. What is the equation
of the circle?
A) (𝑥 + 7)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 25 C) (𝑥 + 7)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 5
B) (𝑥 − 7) + (𝑦 + 2) = 25
2 2 D) (𝑥 − 7)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 5

For items 7 – 8. Consider the circle defined by 3𝑥2 + 3𝑦2 − 6𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 3 = 0.

7. What is the center-radius form of the equation of the circle?

A) (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 1 C) (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 1
B) (𝑥 + 1) + (𝑦 + 1) = 1
2 2 D) (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = 1

8. What is the center of the circle?

A) (−1,1) B) (−1, −1) C) (1, −1) D) (1,1)

9. What is the equation of a circle whose radius is ξ13 units and its center is at the
origin?
A) 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = ξ13 C) (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = 13
B) 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 13 D) (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = ξ13

10. What is the radius of the circle given by the equation 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 8𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 32 = 0?

A) 5 B) 6 C) 7 D) 8

10 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 8

 Additional Activity

DIRECTION: Match the figure with the corresponding equation that represents it.
Write the letter on each item.

1 2

3 4

A) (x – 6)2 + (y – 7)2 = 20

B) (x + 3)2 + y2 = 169

5 C) x2 + y2 = 64

D) (x – 4)2 + (y – 4)2 = 16

E) (x – 5)2 + y2 = 16

11 CO_Q2_Mathematics 10_ Module 8

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