Unitized Loads of Same Product

ISTA 1 Series ISTA, Distributing Confidence, Worldwide™

Non-
ISTA 1 Series are the most basic category of performance tests.
Simulation
Integrity • They challenge the capability of the package and product to withstand transport hazards, but
Performance • They are not simulations of actual transport hazards, and
Test • Do not necessarily comply with carrier packaging regulations.
Procedure When properly applied, ISTA procedures will provide tangible benefits of:
• Shortened packaged development lime and confidence in product launch
• Protection of products and profits with reduced damage and product loss
• Economically balanced distribution costs
• Customer satisfaction and oontinued business.
VERSION
DATE There are three sections: Overview, Testing and Report
Last • Overview provides the general knowledge required before going into the testing laboratory and
TECHNICAL • Testing presents the specific instructions to do the testing in the laboratory and
Change: • Report indicates what data shall be recorded to submit a test report to 1STA.
MARCH
Two systems of weights and measures are presented in ISTA test procedures. They are the English system (Inch-Pound) and the
2014
international system SI (Metric). Inch-Pound units are shown first with Metric units in brackets, except in some tables where they
are shown separately.
Last
EDITORIAL • Either system may be used as the unit of measure (standard units), but
Change: • The standard units chosen shall be used consistently throughout the procedure.
JANUARY • Units are converted to two significant figures and
2017 • Not exact equivalents.

VERY IMPORTANT:
For complete
listing of The entire document shall be read and understood before proceeding with a test.
Procedure
Changes and
Version Dates
OVERVIEW OF PROCEDURE 1E
go to
www.ista.org Test Procedure 1E is an integrity test for unitized loads of the same retail or institutional packaged-products. A unitized load is
defined as one or more products or packaged-products usually on a skid or pallet, but always secured together or restrained for
distribution as a single load. Examples would be a stretch wrapped pallet load of individual containers, a single non-packaged
machine banded to a pallet and a pallet with a corrugated tray, tube and a cap.
Preface • It can be used to evaluate the performance of a packaged-product.
it can be used to compare relative performance of package and product design alternatives.
The package and product are considered together and not separately.
♦ Some conditions of transit, such as moisture, pressure or unusual handling, may not be covered.

Other ISTA Procedures may be appropriate for different conditions or to meet different objectives.
• Consider ISTA General Simulation Performance Test Procedure 3E.

Refer to Guidelines for Selecting and Using 1STA Procedures and Projects for additional information.

- Most rcccn! technical changed ISTA IE 2014 - Page 1 of 10

0 - Ucst recent oechnical addifonfs) 8201 7 Wcmateija* Safe fans* dssooalw Af njMs Res&wcr
 1E OVERVIEW OF PROCEDURE 1E
Scope Test Procedure 1E covers testing of unitized loads, made up of either single or multiple products or packages of the same
products.

Product Damage The shpper shall determine the following prior to testing:
Tolerance and • what constitutes damage to the product and
Padcage • what damage tolerance level is allowable, if any, and
Degradation • the correct methodology to determine product condition at the conclusion of the test and
Allowance
• the acceptable package condition at the conclusion of the test.

For additional information on this determination process refer to Guidelines for Selecting and Using ISTA Procedures and Projects.

Samples
Samples should be the untested actual package and product, but if one or both are not available, the substitutes shall be as
identical as possible to actual items.

Number of samples required:

• One sample is required for the tests in this procedure.

Replicate Testing Recommended:

To permit an adequate determination of representative performance of the packaged-product, ISTA:
• Requires the procedure to be performed one time, but
• Recommends performing the procedure five or more times using new samples with each test.

NOTE:
Packages that have already been subjected to the rigors of transportation cannot be assumed to represent standard conditions. In
order to insure testing in perfect condition, products and packages shipped to certified laboratories for testing must be:
• over-packaged for shipment to the laboratory or
• repackaged in new packaging at the laboratory.

Test Sequence
The tests shall be performed on each lest sample in the sequence indicated in the following table:

Sequence # Test Category Test Type Test Level For ISTA Certification
0 1 Atmospheric Temperature and Humidity Ambient Required
Preconditioning

2 Vibration Vertical Linear 1 in (25mm) peak to peak Required

{Alternative methods Fixed Displacement at a frequency to be
allowed - select one determined
test type)
Random Overall Gmt level of 1.15

3 Shock Incline Impact (Conbur) 69 in (1.7 m) per second Required

{Alternative methods impact velocity
allowed - select one
Horizontal Impact 69 in (1.7 m} per second
test type)
velocity change

4 Shock Rotational Edge Drop 8 in (200 mm) Required

- Most ream technical changes) ISTA 1E 2014 - Page 2 of 10

0 - Most recent technical addifonfs) &20I 7 Wwxtocal Safe Transrt Asscoaiw Ail ngtts Rcsewtl
 1E EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR PROCEDURE 1E
Equipment The following alternatives are acceptable for the equipment required for the Vibration Test:
Required Fixed Displacement Vibration Test:
Vibration
• Vtoration Test System with a 1 in (25 mm) fixed or controlled displacement complying with Method A1 or A2 of the apparatus
section of ASTM D 999.
Only vertical linear motion of the platform is acceptable; rotary motion is not acceptable.
• Metal shim 0.06 in (1.5 mm), thick approximately 2 in (50 mm) wide and at a convenient length.
• Tachometer or suitable indicator for determining vibration frequency in cycles per second (Hz) or cycles per minute (CPM).
• Automatic timer or stopwatch.

Random Vibration Test:

• Random Vibration Test System complying with the apparatus section of ASTM D 4728.

Equipment Rotational Edge Drop Test:

Required
♦ Rotational Edge Drop Test System complying with the apparatus section of ASTM D 6179.
Shock

The following alternatives are acceptable for the equipment required for the Impact Test

Type of Shock Test Equipment In compliance with the apparatus section of:

Incline Test Incline impact tester (conbur) ASTM D 880

Horizontal Test Horizontal impact test system ASTM D 4003

- Mos recent technical changes) ISTA1E 2014 - Page 3 of 10

O - Most recent technical addifon(s) $2017 fcremafcnal Safe Transit AsswaHon M rigtxs Reserved
 1E I BEFORE YOU BEGIN PROCEDURE 1E
Identification of Prior to beginning the tests identify the faces, edges and corners according to the procedure below.
Faces, Edges
and Comers
Action

1 Place the unit load in its designed transport orientation.

2 Position one of the smallest width faces of the unit load directly in front of you.

3 Identify faces according to the diagram below.

4 Identify edges using the numbers of the two faces forming that edge.

Example: Edge 3-4 is the edge formed by face 3 and face 4 of the unit load.

- Mos: ream technical <hangc>:s| ISTA 1E 2014 - Page 4 of 10

0 - Most recent technical additionfs) &201 7 Safe Transit dssoaasw ngrts Resewtl
 1E I BEFORE YOU BEGIN PROCEDURE 1E
Weight and You shall know the unit load's:
Size • gross weight in pounds (kg), and
Measurement • outside dimensions of Length, Width and Height (L x W x H) in inches (mm or m)

Before You Begin

Atmospheric Required Preconditioning:
Conditioning The packaged-product shall be preconditioned to laboratory ambient temperature and humidity for twelve (12) hours prior to
0 testing.

Before You CAUTION:

Begin A restraining device or devices shall be used With the vibration test system to:
Vibration • Prevent the test specimen from moving off the platform and
Testing • Maintain test orientation of the packaged-product, but
• The device or devices shall not restrict the vertical motion of the test specimen during the test.

Select Fixed Displacement Vibration or Random Vibration as a test method.

For Fixed Displacement Vibration:

Familiarity with the following formula is required to calculate the test duration after the frequency required to bounce the packaged-
product is determined in the Vibration Test Block:

11,800 Vibratory Impacts

Test Duration in Minutes ■ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cycles Per Minute (CPM) or (Cycles Per Second (Hz) x 60]

The chart bebw shows exam pie Test Duration’s calculated for several frequencies:
CPM Hz Test Duration In Minutes
150 2.5 79

180 3.0 66

210 3.5 57

240 4.0 50

270 4.5 44

300 5.0 40

For Random Vibration:

The following breakpoints shall be programmed into the vibration controller to produce the acceleration versus frequency profile
(spectrum) below with an overall Gims level of 1.15. The theoretical stroke required to run this vtoration profile is 22.45 mm (0.884
in) peak to peak.

Frequency (Hz) PSD Level, gWz

1.0 0.0001
4.0 0.01
100.0 0.01
200.0 0.001

- Most recent technical changed ISTA IE 2014 - Page 5 of 10

O - West recent technical addifonfs) &20) 7 Wcmaterjat Safe Transit dssooalw rgMs Resemxt
 1E I BEFORE YOU BEGIN PROCEDURE 1E
Before You CAUTION:
Begin
If the Unit Load:
Shock
• has a length equal to or greater than twice the width and
Testing
• a center of gravity above the midpoint of the height
• there ts the possbility that Unit Load could tip over when testing one of the longest edges, therefore
• you may conduct the Rotational Edge Drop test on both of the shortest edges.

Test the unitized load at a minimum of 69 in per second (1.7 m per second).

NOTE:
69 in per second is equal to 5.75 ft per second.

When using impact velocity or velocity change, if any velocity in a Test Sequence is below the required minimum level, that
sequence event must be repeated until the test velocity meets the minimum.

-Most recent technical changed ISTA IE 2014-Page 6 of 10

0 - West recent oechnicai addifonfs) &20) 7 safe 7t»sA Af ajms Resciwcr
 1E I TEST SEQUENCE FOR PROCEDURE 1E
The test blocks that follow contain tables that indicate the required steps for each test in the procedure.
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY j
TEST BLOCK 1
Step Action
Atmospheric
1 PRE CONDITIONING: The packaged-product should be stored at laboratory ambient temperature and
Conditioning
humidity for twelve (12) hours prior to testing.
0
3 Record the ambient laboratory temperature and humidity when testing starts.
4 At the end of testing record temperature and humidity.
5 Go to TEST BLOCK 2 (Vtoration).

TEST BLOCK 2 VIBRATION - FIXED DISPLACEMENT

Vibration
Step Action
(Fixed
Displacement) 1 Determine if testing is going to be Fixed Displacement or Random Vibration.

IF Vibration testing Is going to be... THEN goto...

Fixed Displacement Step 2.

Random TEST BLOCK 3 (Vtoration - Random)).

2 Put the unitized load on the vibration table so that face 3 rests on the platform.

3 Stan the test machine to vibrate at 1 in (25 mm) total displacement at the machine’s lowest frequency
using vertical linear motion only.

4 Maintain a fixed displacement al 1 in (25 mm) and slowly increase the frequency (speed) of the vibration
table until the packaged-product begins to momentarily leave the surface of the platform.

5 Can a metal shim be intermittently moved between the bottom of the longest dimension of the packaged-
product and the surface of the platform?
• If Yes. hold that frequency and then continue to the next Step (Step 6).
• If No. then slowly increase the frequency until the requirement of this Step (Step 5} is met. and hold
that vibration frequency.

6 Determine test duration in minutes using the formula indicated in Before You Begin Vibration Testing
and the CPM or Hz frequency identified in Step 5.

7 Begin timing the vibration test duration.

8 Complete the vtoration duration.

9 Vibration testing is now complete. Go to TEST BLOCK 4 (Shock).

TEST BLOCK 3 VIBRATION • RANDOM I

Vibration
(Random) Step Action

1 Put the packaged-product on the vtoration table so that face 3 rests on the platform.

2 Start the vibration system to produce the random vibration spectrum indicated in Before You Begin
Vibration Testing.

3 Stop the vtoration testing at the end of 60 minutes.

5 Vibration testing is now complete. Go to TEST BLOCK 4 (Shock).

- Mcs! recent technical diangefs) ISTA1E 2014 • Page 7 of 10

0 - Most recent technical addiSonfs) 020)7 b-.tematcnal Safe Transit Assscafan Ail rigfits Reser/ed
 1E I TEST SEQUENCE FOR PROCEDURE 1E
TEST BLOCK 4
Shock
(Impact)

Mos', rcccn! technical cftangoisi ISTA 1E 2014 - Page 8 of 10

0 - Most recent technical aiditionfs) £>201 7 intanacna1 Safe Trans* Asssoaiw Ait ngMs Resemxf
 1E TEST SEQUENCE FOR PROCEDURE 1E
TEST BLOCK 5
SHOCK - ROTATIONAL EDGE DROP
Shock
(Rotational Step Action
Edge Drop)
1 Perform rotational edge drops. Follow the sequence in the table below.

Sequence # Action

1 Place the unitized load onto a flat, rigid surface such as steel or concrete.

2 Support one of the shortest face 3 edges with a timber or support 3.5 to 4.0 in (90 to
100 mm) in height and width.

3 Lift the opposite face 3 edge to 8 in (200 mm) off the surface.

4 Release the edge so that it falls freely onto the flat, rigid surface.

2 Does the Unit Load have a length equal to or greater than twice the width and a center of gravity above the
midpoint of the height?
• If Yes, then go to Step 4.
• If No, then continue with the next step.

3 Repeat Step 1 on one of the face 3 edges radiating 9On from the edge just tested in Step 1 Sequence 4.
Then go to Step 5.

4 Repeat Step 1 on the face 3 edge opposite the edge just tested in Step 1 Sequence 4. Then go to the next
Step.

5 All testing is now complete. Go to the Reporting an ISTA Test section al the end of this Procedure.

-Most recent technical chang^sl ISTA IE 2014-Page 9 of 10

0 - West recent oechnical addifonfs) &20) 7 Wcmateoai Safe T/ansrt dssooalw Af ajMs Res&wcr
 1E I REPORTING AN ISTA TEST
Reporting an ISTA Test Report Forms may be downloaded by members through the online ISTA Member Center iwww.ista.orgimembers.i-
ISTA Test: Custom forms are also acceptable, but information on an official ISTA Report Form is considered to be the minimum required for
Completing and any test report submission and consideration. Test report forms should be submitted to ISTA Headquarters by mail, fax or
Submitting electronically. Test reports should be detailed enough for accurate repeatability of the test.
an ISTA
Test Report The packaged-product has satisfactorily passed the test if, upon examination, it meets the Product Damage Tolerance and
Package Degradation Allowance determined prior to testing.

ISTA Certified Testing Laboratories:

• Should file a test report on all ISTA Test Procedures or Projects conducted.
• Shall file a test report on all ISTA Test Procedures or Projects conducted to obtain Transit Tested Package Certification or
Acknowledgement.

To submit a test report form:

• Email to [email protected]
• Mail to address shown below
• Fax to+1517-333-3813.

ISTA Transit Tested Program: Packaged-Product Certification TRANSIT TESTED

The ISTA Transit Tested Certification Mark as shown:
• is a registered certification mark and
• can only be printed on certified packages and
• can only be used by license agreement and
• by a Shipper member of the international Safe Transit Association.

When a Shpper member prints this certification mark on a packaged-product, with their manufacturer's license number, they are
showing their customer, vendors and carriers that it has passed the requirements of ISTA preshipment testing.

To obtain initial certification of a packaged-product:

• the product manufacturer must be a Shipper member of ISTA in good-standing and with a valid License Agreement on file
• the testing laboratory must be a member of ISTA in good-standing and have a valid lab certification date
• a test report must be submitted by the laboratory to 1ST A Headquarters.

In order to maintain its certified status and eligibility for identification with the Transit Tested Certification Mark, each packaged-
product must be re-tested whenever a change is made in the:
• Product or
• Process or
• Package.

If corrugated packaging is used, it is recommended that the basis weights of the constituent papers'paperboards be determined
after testing and documented to provide the best indicator of equivalence or change.

As a quality control procedure, packaged-products should be re-tested frequently, for example, yearly.

For additional information, refer to Guidelines for Selecting and Using ISTA Test Procedures and Projects.

ISTA Membership information is available at wvAv.isla.org,

This Test Procedure >s pubtisned by:

International Safe Transit Association
1400 Abbot Road, Suite 160, East Lansing. Michigan 48823-1900 USA

$2017 International Safe Transit Association

No part of the contents of this Test Procedure may be reproduced or transmitted n any form or by any means without the written permission of
the publisher.

Order Information: Additional copies of this Test Procedure and the ISTA8 RESOURCE BOOK may be ordered online at www.ista.org or by
contacting ISTA at {+1)517.333.3437. A listing of current procedure version dates is available at www.ista.org.

- Mos: recent technical changed ISTA 1E 2014 - Page 10 of 10

0 - Most recent technical addifonfs) S>20t 7 tr.tcmsicr^ Safe Transr Assscaiw Ail ngtts Resorted