Proceeding of 1st ICWBB 2018

Inventory of Fishes in Tanjung Kelor, Sekotong Regency of West

Lombok

M. Safari Ilham1*, Sipti Mayshara1, Hastia Ningsih Apriani1, Tizar Gusli1, Ahsanu
Nadia1, Laily Husnawatun Sani1, Ye’muh Aprizal1, Selamet Kurniawan Riandinata1,
Yuliadi Zamroni1
1)
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram Jl. Majapahit
62 Mataram 83125 Indonesia, *Corresponding Author: M. Safari Ilham, email: [email protected]

Abstract

Tanjung Kelor is a coastal area that has a complete ecosystem ranging from
mangroves, seagrasses, and coral reefs that provide habitat for the growth and development
of various types of fish in the region. The purpose of this study was to find out the types of
fish in marine ecosystems and mangrove forests in the Tanjung Kelor area. The study was
conducted in May 2018 using the roaming method. Based on the results of the study, it was
found that the species of fish found in the Tanjung Kelor area were 21 species of fish from
12 families which were differentiated based on the characteristics of morphology, habitat
and distribution. The type of fish that is most commonly found in the mangrove ecosystem
is from the family Gobiidae and Apogonidae. The most common fish species found in
seagrass ecosystems are from the Labridae family. The types of fish that are most
commonly found in coral reef ecosystems are from the family Pomacentridae and
Acanthuridae. It is expected that the results of this study can be used as a reference for
related research and become a consideration for policy makers in the management of
tourism and fisheries in the Tanjung Kelor area.

Keywords: Tanjung kelor, Fishes, marine ecosystems, mangrove forests

1. Introduction
Tanjung kelor is one of the areas in Sekotong District, West Lombok Regency which is
one of the crossing locations to Gili Sudak, Gili Nanggu, Gili Kedis and Gili Tangkong.
Tanjung kelor has various ecosystems such as hilly, mangrove, seagrass, and coral reef
ecosystems. Mangrove forests are located along the coastline in the tropics, and are
supporting various ecosystem services, including fisheries production and nutrient cycles
(Donato, 2012). The role of mangroves in supporting coastal fishing activities can be
summarized in two ways. First, mangroves play an important role in the life cycle of

368 | P a g e
 Proceeding of 1st ICWBB 2018

various types of fish, shrimp and mollusks (Davies & Claridge, 1993), because the
mangrove environment provides protection and food in the form of organic materials that
enter the food chain. Second, mangroves are suppliers of organic materials, so they can
provide food for organisms that live in the surrounding waters (Mann, 1982).
Mangrove ecosystems have a very important role in the dynamics of coastal and
marine ecosystems, especially coastal fisheries so that the maintenance and rehabilitation of
mangrove ecosystems is one reason to maintain the existence of these ecosystems. The role
of mangrove ecosystems in coastal and marine areas can be linked to the functioning of
these ecosystems in supporting the existence of biota according to several aspects including
physical, biological, and socio-economic functions (Kawaroe, 2001). Therefore, it is
important to do this practicum which is to find out the characterization, distribution and
types of fish in the marine ecosystem and mangrove forest in the kelor promontory.
Ecosystems other than mangrove which are also fish habitats are seagrass ecosystems
and coral reef ecosystems. Both of these ecosystems also have an important role for
ecosystems, economics and tourism. Seagrass ecosystems and coral reefs are very
productive ecosystems and have an important role for the survival of life both at sea and on
land. The ecology of coral reefs becomes a feeding grounds, breeding grounds, nursery
grounds and shelter for various types of fish and other invertebrates (Wilkinson, 1993;
Spalding, et al., 2001). On the other coral reefs are ecosystems that are very sensitive and
vulnerable to changes in environmental conditions physically, chemically and biologically.
Many types of fish that are associated in these ecosystems belong to major fish groups such
as fish from the family Labridae, Pomacentridae, Acanthuridae, Chaetodontidae, and
others.
At present, Tanjung Kelor is a port that is visited by many tourists who want to visit
the Gili which is close to the place. Anthropological activities make the existence of fish
species disrupted. Therefore, this study aims to determine the types of fish in marine
ecosystems and mangrove forests in the Tanjung Kelor area. To find out the characteristics
of fish in marine ecosystems and mangrove forests in Tanjung Kelor area. It is expected
that the results of this study can be used as a reference for related research and become a

369 | P a g e
 Proceeding of 1st ICWBB 2018

consideration for policy makers in the management of tourism and fisheries in the Tanjung
Kelor area.
2. Materials and Method
2.1 Place and time Research
This research is descriptive explorative using roaming and interview methods. The
method of collection of samples by means of free sample collection, where each fish
obtained, is taken to be identified. Sampling was carried out in May 2018 on Tanjung Kelor
Beach, Sekotong Barat Village, Sekotong, Lombok Regency Baray. Fish identification is
carried out at the laboratory of biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
University of Mataram.

Figure 1. Maps of Research located

2.2 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian
The tools used in this study are fishing nets, sprider bottles, plastic bags, rubber bands,
boots, plastic funnels, sample bottles, petri dishes, millimeter blocks, rulers, calipers, stereo

370 | P a g e
 Proceeding of 1st ICWBB 2018

microscopes, and digital cameras. The research materials used were clove oil, 4% formalin,
75% alcohol, fish, and water.
2.3 Research Methods
Sampling was carried out in mangrove forest ecosystems and marine ecosystems in the
Tanjung Kelor area, West Sekotong Village, Sekotong District, West Lombok Regency.
The sampling is done in the morning, afternoon and evening. For fish found in the
mangrove ecosystem, fish are caught by hand fishing gear and clove oil as an anesthetic
and stocking nets. For fish that are in marine ecosystems (seagrasses and coral reefs), fish
are documented with visual videos and grounded. The collected fish is then photographed
and identified at the location. If it cannot be identified, the sample is taken to the
Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of
Mataram.
3. Result and Discussion
3. 1. Presence of Types of Fish
Based on the results of data collection, 13 families and 50 fish species were found in
all ecosystems. The fish found in the mangrove ecosystem are 21 species. Fish found in
marine ecosystems are 37 species. Ecosystem differences give rise to differences in the
presence of fish species, this is related to the preferences of each type of fish. In more detail
the types of fish are presented in the following table 1.
Table 1. The presence of fish species in the Tanjung Kelor area.
No Family Species Location
Mangrove Laut
1 Adrianchthydae Oryzias javanicus +
2 Apogonidae Spheramia orbicularis +
Apogon lateralis +
3 Acanthuridae Naso sp +
Achanturus sp. +
4 Scaridae Chlorurus bleekeri +
5 Labridae Chaerodon anchorago +
Halcthoeres sp 1 + +
Halcthoeres sp 2 + +
Heimulis sp 1 + +
Heimulis sp 2 + +
Hemicoris sp +
Hemitautoga scapularis +

371 | P a g e
 Proceeding of 1st ICWBB 2018

No Family Species Location

Mangrove Laut
Hemiatutoga sp +
Hemigymnus sp + +
Labroides dimidiatus +
Thalassoma hardwicke +
Thalassoma sp + +
6 Tetraodontidae Arothron manilensis +
7 Muraenidae Gymnothorax richardsonii +
Scolenchelys macroptera +
8 Lutjanidae Lutjanus fulviflamma + +
9 Tetraodontidae Terapon jarbua +
10 Mugilidae Moolgarda seheli +
11 Gobiidae Periopthalmus argentilineatus +
Periopthalmus minutes +
Periopthalmus kalolo +
Acentrogobius janthinopterus +
Pseudogobius javanicus +
12 Eleotridae Elotris sp. +
13 Pomacentridae Abudafduf vaigiensis +
Abudefduf sexfasciatus +
Amblyglyphidodon curacao +
Dascyllus aruanus +
Dascyllus melanurus +
Dascyllus reticulatus +
Dascyllus trimaculatus +
Chromis caudalis +
Chromis leucura +
Chrysiptera cyanea +
Pomacentrus littoralis +
Pomacentrus brachialis +
Pomacentrus taeniometopon +
Pomacentrus chrysurus +
Pomacentrus moluccensis +
Chromis atropectoralis +
Neopomacentrus azysron +
Neopomacentrus sp +
Chromis sp +
Pomacentrus sp +
Keterangan:
+ = Present
- = Not found

372 | P a g e
 Proceeding of 1st ICWBB 2018

3.2 Fish Characteristics of Mangrove and Marine Ecosystems

3.2.1 Fish Characteristics of Mangrove
Based on the number of fish caught in the mangrove ecosystem, the dominating species
are the families of Adrianchthydae, Pogonidae, Tetraodontidae, Muraenidae, Gobiidae,
Eleotridae, Mugilidae, some Labridae, and Tetraodontidae. The main food of mangrove
fish is zooplankton and polikaeta. The main food of the fish is abundant in the estuary area
of the river and is carried into the mangrove ecosystem, because in the estuary area of the
river is an area with leaves of mangrove trees is an organic material for energy sources for
macroorganisms and microorganisms. Organic material that has been described as a good
and important food source for primary consumers (Molucca, Crustacea, Zooplankton and
lan-others).
The group of fish from the Gobiidae family or in the local language is called Gelodok
fish which is the most dominant type of fish in the mangrove ecosystem. This type of fish is
often referred to as amphibian fish because of its visual aids, breathing apparatus and
dominant movements on land. Squirrels are known as reliable mud launchers, they move
above the ground by launching their bodies using the pectoral fins. In the mangrove
ecosystem and mangrove swamp, the gelodok fish is the first and second level consumers
in the food chain. Gelodok occupies the position of primary and secondary consumers in
the food chain. Some studies state that the types of gelodok food consist of Algae,
Arachnids, Crustaceans, Detritus, Fish, Molluscs, Chilopods, Insects, Macrophytes,
Nematodes, Sand Granules and Fungi.
3.2.2 Fish Marine Ecosystems
Based on the number of fish caught in the marine ecosystem, the dominating species
are from the families of Acanthuridae, Scaridae, Labridae and Pomacentridae. In general,
the types of fish found in marine fish ecosystems are target fish. According to English et al.
(1994), target fish groups are types of consumption / food fish or economically important
fish that live in association with coral reefs. Quantitative data collection on fish that are
solitary in nature or in small groups can be done by observing one by one in nature (actual
account).

373 | P a g e
 Proceeding of 1st ICWBB 2018

Grouping of reef fish based on their role (Eachermana, 1996). Target fish are fish that
are targets for capture or better known as economically important fish or consumption fish
such as Serranidae, Lutjanidae, Kyphosidae, Lethrinidae, Acanthuridae, Mullidae,
Siganidae, Labridae (Cheilinus, Hemnigymnus, Choerodon), and Haemulidae. Indicator
fish is a determining fish for coral reefs because these fish are closely related to the fertility
of coral reefs, namely fish from the tribe of Chaetodontidae (to). Other fish (major families)
are generally these fish in large quantities and are widely used as marine ornamental fish
(Pomacentridae, Caesionidae, Scaridae, Pomacentridae, Labridae, Apogonidae and others).

4. Conclusion
Based on the results of the practicum, it can be concluded that the diversity of fish
species in the area of Tanjung Kelor is found in 50 species of fish from 13 families which
are distinguished based on the characteristics of morphology, habitat and distribution. The
fish found in the mangrove ecosystem are 21 species. Fish found in marine ecosystems are
37 species. The large number of fish species found can be said that both ecosystems have
specific characters and are still stable.

References
Allen, Gerry. 1999. A Field Guide for Angelers and Divers Marine Fishes of South-East
Asia. Singapore: Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.

Davies, J. & G. Claridge. 1993. Wetland Benefits. The Potential for Wetlands to Support
and Maintain Development. Asian Wetland Bureau, International Waterfowl &
Wetlands Research Bureau, Wetlands for the America’s, 45 hal.

English S., C. Willkinson and V. Baker. 1994. Survey Manual for Tropical Marine
Resources. Australian Institute of Marine Science. Townsvile. 368 pp.

Garbutt dan Prudente. 2006. Wild Borneo: The wildlife and scenery of Sabah, Sarawak,
Brunei and Kalimantan: The MIT Press.

Jin, Lam Toong. 1998. A Guide To Common Marine Fishes of Singapore. Singapore:
Singapore Science Centre.

374 | P a g e
 Proceeding of 1st ICWBB 2018

Kimura, Seishi & Matsuura Keiichi. 2003. Fishes of Bitung Northem Tip of Sulawesi,
Indonesia. Japan: Tokai University Press.

Larson, Helen K. & Lim Kelvin K. P. 2005. A Guid to Gobies of Singapore. Singapore:
Singapore Science Centre.

Nelson, J.S., 2006. Fishes of the World. 4th ed. Hoboken (New Jersey, USA): John Wiley
& Sons.

Setiapermana, D. 1996. Potensi Wisata Bahari Pulau Mapor. P30-LIPI. Jakarta.

Soedjarwo, 1979. Mengoptimalkan fungsi-fungsi hutan mangrove untuk menjaga

kelestariannya demi kesejahteraan manusia. Prosiding Seminar Ekosistem
Ekosistem Mangrove: 8-9.

Mann, K.H. 1982. Ecology of Coastal Waters. A Systems Approach. Studies in Ecology,
Vol. 8, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 322 hal.

Spalding, M. D., C. Ravilious, and E. P. Green. 2001. World Atlas of Coral Reefs.
Prepared at the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre. University of
California Press, Berkeley, USA.

Wilkinson C. R., et. al., “Status of Coral Reefs in Southeast Asia: Threats and Responses,”
dalam R.N Ginsburg, ed., Global Aspects of Coral Reefs: Health, Hazards, and
History (Miami, Florida: University of Miami, 1993), (hal. 311-317).

375 | P a g e