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    4 English For Journalism - Global and Indonesia Press

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    4 English For Journalism - Global and Indonesia Press

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    SRI HARTI
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    4 English for Journalism_Global and Indonesia Press

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    4 English For Journalism - Global and Indonesia Press

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    English for Journalism

    Viewing Indonesian and Global


    Press and Journalism
    Global Press
    Siebert, Peterson, and Schramm classified the
    press into the Four Theories of the Press:
    [1] Authoritarian Press Theory, support the power
    of government;
    [2] Libertarian Press Theory, support the people to
    watch the government;
    [3] Social Responsibility Press, support the people’s
    political, social, and economical rights; and
    [4] Soviet Communist Theory, support the
    government to agitate and propagate.
    Next
    Hachten formulated the press in The World
    News Prism:
    [1] Authoritarian Press,
    [2] Liberal Press,
    [3] Communist Press,
    [4] Revolutionary Press, and
    [5] Developed/Third World Press.
    Indonesian Press
    San classified Indonesia Press into:
    [1] Colonial Press,
    [2] Movement Press,
    [3] Liberal Press,
    [4] Old Order Press,
    [5] New Order/Pancasila Press, and
    [5] Reformation Press.
    Those classifications are based on the press
    institution, communicator, message, and readers.
    [1] The Colonial Press
    [] This was ruled by colonial power; the first
    printed newspaper in 1744 published by VOC.
    [] The press were highly-censored by the
    colonial power (VOC); started in 1855, the
    Malay and Local Language were used in
    several newspaper, such Serat Chabar
    Betawie, Pelita Ketjil, Bintang Djohar, Pertja
    Timoer, and so on.
    [2] The Movement Press
    [] It was started in early 1900’s, since Dr. Wahidin
    Soedirohoesodo published Retno Dhoemilah
    Newspaper in 1900’s.
    [] The next were Medan Prijaji (1908), Darmo
    Kondo (1910), De Indier (1913), Oetoesan Hindia
    (1913), Fikiran Ra’jat (1930’s), and Daulat Ra’jat
    (1940’s).
    [] The highpoint of movement press was started
    since Domei published the news of Proclamation
    of Independence Day in August 17, 1945.
    [3] Liberal Press
    [] Liberal press was started in 1950’s since press
    were massively criticize the power policy.
    [] The popular media such Abadi, Siasat,
    Indonesia Raya, Duta Masyarakat, and Kami.
    [] In controlling the media, the government ruled:
    the extreme newspaper, press activities, and
    news censored.
    [] This policy made some newspaper to close such
    Abadi, Indonesia Raya, Pedoman, Siasat, and
    Harian Rakyat.
    [4] Old Order Press
    [] The old press was started in 1959 since the
    president announced the decree in July 5,
    1959.
    [] This era was known as monopolization of
    national press, the press freedom was
    eradicated.
    [] The press acted as the power publisher to
    inform national project and to rule people
    opinion.
    [5] New Order/Pancasila Press
    [] This era was started from 1966 to 1998.
    [] Similar to the Old Order Press, the New Order
    Press acted as the power publisher to inform
    national project and to rule the people
    opinion.
    [] Some media such Kompas, Sinar Harapan,
    Merdeka, Pelita, and Sinar Pagi were
    retracted due to their critical news in
    offending the power.
    [6] Reformation Press
    [] This was started in 1999 since the declaration
    of Press Regulation Number 40/1999.
    [] The regulation ruled that press freedom are
    people freedom.
    [] Unlike the previous era, the barriers of
    reformation press came from the economical
    crisis, people offense, and the capital whom
    ruled the media.
    [] There is also a shift from printed media to
    online, people no longer need printed news.
    References

    Hicks, Wynford. English for Journalists. Oxon:


    Routledge, 2007.
    Murray, Rowena. Writing for Academic Journals.
    Berkshire: Open University Press, 2013.
    San, Suyadi. Journalistic. Medan: Generasi,
    2006.
    Thank You

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