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1
First year second term:

M.C.Q
Muscular Tissue:
Skeletal muscle:
1- Skeletal muscle
a- develops from primitive rhabdomyoblasts
b- contains type I fast-twitch fibers
c- contains satellite cells which are phagocytic
d- contains stretch receptors called muscle spindles
e- contains motor nerve twigs which terminate in motor
end plates
(CORRECT / a-d & e)
2- The following is/are not under voluntary control:(June,97-99)
a- skeletal muscle
b- cardiac muscle
c- the muscle of the tongue
d- smooth muscle
(CORRECT /b & d)
3- Endomysium (June,98)
a a- is a connective tissue investment
b b- surrounds each bundle (fascicle) of a muscle
c c- surrounds each muscle fiber
d d- surrounds the entire muscle
(CORRECT/ a & c)
4- Endomysium (Sept.,98)
a- surrounds each muscle fiber
b- surrounds the entire muscle
c- surrounds the fascicles (bundles) of a muscle
d- it is the outer coat of the muscle
(CORRECT/ a)
5- Tissues and tissue components closely associated within a fascicle of

skeletal muscle include(Mid,99)
a- reticular fibers
b- collagen fibers
c- capillaries
d- motor end plate
e- sarcolemmas
(All-CORRECT)
6- Myofibrils of skeletal muscle fibers (Mid,99)
a- do not run the length of the fiber
b- are too small for resolution by the light microscope
c- have a cross-banding pattern identical to that of the whole fiber
d- individually (each one) lie within a membrane- encircled sarcotubule
e- have A-I band junctions at which a pair of dilated sarcotubules, the
terminal cisternae, pass around the sarcoplasmic reticulum
2
(CORRECT/ c)
7- Myofibrils of skeletal muscle have the following characters except:

a- are of two types of filaments actin and myosin
b- are parallel to each other
c- are the main organelles of muscle cells
d- in between the myofibrils there is fine connective tissue
(EXCEPT / d)
8- Sarcomere is: (Sept.,92)
a- The distance between two H zones.
b- The distance between two Z lines.
c- The distance between two M lines.
(CORRECT/ b)
9- Z lines (June,97-Mid, April,98-99)

a- are not present in cardiac muscle.
b- bisect I band.
c- are absent from smooth muscle.
d- function to anchor actin filaments
(CORRECT/ b-c &d )
10- The H zone is light because it has only one type of myofilament:
(Sept.,93)
a- the thin filament (Actin).
b- the thick filament (Myosin).
c- The intermediate filaments (desmine & vimentin)
d- none of the above
(CORRECT/ b)
11- The H zone is (Sept.,98-June,99)

a- present in middle of I band
b- present in middle of A band
c- it is dark region
d- Z line is present in its center
(CORRECT/ b)
12- When skeletal muscle contracts (June,97-Mid,April,99-Sept.,99)
a- the A band decreases in length
e b- the I band remains the same length
c- the H band remains the same length
d-the sarcomere decreases in length
(CORRECT/ d )
13- The contraction of myofibrils in skeletal muscle takes place(Mid,2000)
a- at the H band
b- at the M band
c- at the I band
d- between two I bands
e- between two Z bands
(CORRECT/ e )
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14-All of the following statements are true of mature skeletal muscle except
(Sept.,99)
a- the cells are multinucleated
b- a sarcomere is the distance between two successive Z lines
c- the nuclei are centrally located
d- myofibrils display the characteristic cross-banding pattern
e- actin, myosin ,tropomyosin and troponin are present
(EXCEPT /c)
15- Skeletal muscle cells
a- have thin filaments made of actin which are anchored to the Z band
b- have thick filaments made of desmin which are anchored to the M band
c- regulate contraction by control of calcium release from sarcoplasmic
reticulum.
d- are surrounded by an external lamina
e- contain multiple nuclei in each cell
(CORRECT/ a-c-d &e)
16- The regulatory proteins are

a- troponin and actin
b- actin and tropomyosin
c- troponin and meromyosin
d- troponin and tropomyosin
e- meromyosin and tropomyosin
(CORRECT/ d)
17- The dark bands are (June, 93-94)

a- singly refractile underpolarized light
b- formed of thin myofilaments (actin)
c- formed of two types of myofilaments (actin & myosin)
d- rich in Ca and deeply stain
e- rich in water and colourless by ordinary staining methods
(CORRECT/ c & d)
18- The dark bands of skeletal muscle

a- has a central Z-line
b- has a central H-line
c- it is formed of myosin only
d- it is formed of actin only
e- has both actin and myosin
(CORRECT/ e)
19- A skeletal muscle fiber is
a- a multinucleated cell
b- in direct contact with the endomysium
c- the smallest independent structural unit of the muscle
d- not changed in size by the degree of use or disuse
e- composed of contractile units called sarcomeres
(CORRECT/ a-b –c & e )
20- All of the following statements are true of sarcoplasmic reticulum except
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(Mid,99)
a- it is associated with each myofibril in a skeletal muscle
b- it binds calcium ions
c- it forms part of the diad in cardiac muscle
d- it communicates with the extracellular space at the surface of the
sarcolemma
e- it release calcium after receiving a signal for contraction
(EXCEPT /d)
21- A triad in mammalian skeletal muscle (June,97-June,98)
a- is located at the Z line
f b- consists of two terminal cisternae separated by a slender T tubule
c- can not be observed in electron micrographs
d- consists of two T tubules separated by a narrow central terminal
cisterna
e- is characterized by a T tubule that sequesters calcium.
(CORRECT/ b)
22-The wave of depolarization can reach the depth of the striated muscle via the
a- synaptic cleft
b- junctional folds
c- sarcolemma
d- sarcoplasmic reticulum
e- transverse tubules
(CORRECT/ e)
23- The triad of skeletal muscle is composed of (Mid,2001)

a- three sarcomeres
b- two sarcomeres and one T-tubule
g c- two terminal cisternae and one T-tubule
h d- two T-tubule and one terminal cisterna
i e- a set of three closely adjacent T-tubules
(CORRECT/ c)
24-Transverse tubules
a- are not present in smooth muscle
b- are extensions of the sarcolemma
c- serve to transmit signals to myofibrils deep within the cell.
d-form part of the diads found in cardiac muscle
(All-CORRECT)
25- Transverse tubules of skeletal muscle have the following characters except:
a- are invaginations from plasmalemma
b- run in association with terminal cisternae
c- are found at Z lines
d- are found close to the junctions between A and I bands
(EXCEPT / c)
26-Transverse tubules (June,2001)
a- are not present in smooth muscle
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b- form part of the diads found in cardiac muscle

c- are extensions of the sarcolemma
d- all of the above
e- none of the above
(CORRECT/ d)
27- White skeletal muscle fibers(June,96-97)
a- abundant sarcoplasm and fewer myofibrils
b- poor in myoglobulin
c- rapid and fatigable contraction
d- central nuclei and irregular striations
(CORRECT/ b & c)
28- fast twitch muscle fibers
a-do not fatigue easily
b-stain pale
c- contract faster
d-contain few myoglobin
e- contain few mitochondria
(CORRECT/ b – c- d & e )
29- Red skeletal muscle fibers

a- abundant sarcoplasm and fewer myofibrils
b- rich in myoglobulin
c- rapid and fatigable contraction
d- slow, prolonged and infatigable contraction
e- central nuclei and irregular striations
(CORRECT/ a- b- d & e)
30- Slow twitch muscle fibers
a-do not fatigue easily
b-stain pale
c- contract faster
d-contain few myoglobin
e- contain few mitochondria
(CORRECT/ a)
31- Define:(June,94)
a- Cohnheim’s areas
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Cardiac muscle:
1- Cardiac muscle tissue(Sept.,97)

a- involuntary
b- non-striated
c- red and white
d- divided into short segments by intercalated discs
(CORRECT/ a & d)
2- Cardiac muscle fibers are
a- striated and voluntary
b- non-striated and involuntary
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c- striated and involuntary

d- rich in elastic fibers
e- rich in collagen fibers
(CORRECT/ c )
3- All of the following statements are true of cardiac muscle except: (June,99-Mid,2000)
a- each cardiac muscle cell contains a single central nucleus
b- cardiac muscle tissue exists in the proximal aorta
c- cardiac muscle tissue contains gap junctions
d- cardiac muscle tissue regenerate by satellite cell mitosis
(EXCEPT /d)
4- The following are the E/M features of cardiac muscle except: (June,2000)
a- mitochondria are large and numerous
b- the T-tubules are found at the Z-line
c- the presence of gap junctions
d- the triad system is well developed
e- the sarcoplasmic reticulum is less developed
(EXCEPT /d)
5- E/M characters of cardiac muscles are the following except: (Mid,2001)
a- mitochondria are large and numerous
b- T-tubules are found at the Z-line
c- T-tubules are in contact with one cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum
d- desmosomes are not present in intercalated discs
(EXCEPT /d)
6- Cardiac muscle fibers have the following characters except:
a- joined together by intercalated discs
b- have cross striations
c- they branch to form network
d- nuclei are peripheral in site
(EXCEPT /d)
7- Cardiac muscle cells (June,98)

j a- are joined together end to end by intercalated discs
k b- contract spontaneously (i.e. without an external stimulus)
l c- branch
m d- are not well vascularized
(CORRECT/ a-b &c )
8- Cardiac muscle cells

n a- are joined together end to end by intercalated discs
o b- contract spontaneously (i.e. without an external stimulus)
p c- branch
q d- all of the above
r
(CORRECT/ d )
9- Cardiac muscle cells(Mid,April,98-Mid,99)

a- are mononuclear and linked by intracellular junctions to form
a fiber
b- are striated in a similar way to skeletal muscle
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c- can regenerate following cell damage

d- regulate contraction by control of calcium release from sarcoplasmic
reticulum
e- have communicating junctions linking fibers to facilitate contractions
(CORRECT/ a-b-d & e)
10- An intercalated disc (June,98-Mid,April,99)

s a- prevent cytoplasmic continuity between the cardiac cells
b- they contain desmosome and nexus (or gap) junctions
t c- are light microscopic representation of the end-to-end unions
u of cardiac muscle cells.
v d- all of the above
(All-CORRECT)
11- Intercalated discs are (Sept.,98)
a-found between vertebrae
b-found only in cardiac muscle
c- composed of connective tissue fibers
d-composed of cartilage
e- visible only by E/M
(CORRECT/ b)
12- Using E/M, intercalated discs are:
a-specialized transverse junction complexes
b-specialized condensation of Z discs
c- specialized condensation of myofibrils
d-none of the above
e- all of the above
(CORRECT/ a)
13- Purkinje fibers are rich in
a-tubular system
b-myofibrils
c- mucus
d-glycogen
e- fat
(CORRECT/ d )
14- The impulse conducting system is present in (Mid,2001)

a-S-A node
b-A-V node
c- A-V bundle
d-Purkinje fibers
e- All of the above
(CORRECT/ e )
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Smooth muscle
1- Smooth muscle cells (June,98-2000)

w a- have single nuclei
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x b- use actin and myosin to develop contractile forces

y c- are surrounded by an external lamina
d- are not under voluntary control
(All-CORRECT)
2- Smooth muscle cells

a- have single nuclei
z b- use actin and myosin to develop contractile forces
aa c- are surrounded by an external lamina
d- have membrane receptors for hormones.
e- may generate their own level of rhythmic contraction.
(All-CORRECT)
3- Smooth muscle cells contain (Zagazig,98-June,99-Mid,2000)
a- actin myofilaments only
b- myosin myofilaments only
c- actin and myosin myofilaments
d- special type of myofilaments
e- non of the above
(CORRECT/ c)
4- Smooth muscle (Mid,April,98-Sept.,99)
bb a- can be induced to contract by an act of the will
cc b- does not contain intermediate filaments
c- does not contain gap junctions
dd d- has cells with centrally located nuclei
e- has cells that contain few, if any, sarcolemmal vesicles.
(CORRECT/ d)
5- Smooth muscle (Mid,91)
ee a- can be induced to contract by an act of the will
b- does not contain intermediate filaments
c- is present in walls of blood vessels and stomach
d- is present in skeletal muscles
(CORRECT/ c)
6-Smooth muscle (Mid, 2001)
a- does not contain gap junctions
b- does not contain intermediate filaments
c- has cells with centrally located nuclei
d- can be induced to contract by an act of the will
(CORRECT/ c)
7-Smooth muscle cells have the following characters except :
a- it is present in walls of blood vessels
b- it is involuntary
c- it is mesoderm in origin
d- gap junctions are not present in-between its cells
(CORRECT/ d)
8- Smooth muscle cells have the following characters except :
a-the cytoplasm has no striations
b-its diameter is 3-9 um
c- measure 20-200 um in length
d-the spaces between the individual fibers are occupied by connective tissues
(EXCEPT / d)
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9- In smooth muscle cells (Mid,99)

a- only very thin myofibrils have been found
b- there is no distinct sarcomere organized
c- strong contractions cannot be maintained for long without muscle
fatigue
d- a structurally organized tubule system of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
is generally present
e- cell boundaries inhibit the free intercellular passage of electrical impulses
(CORRECT/ b)
10- Smooth muscle cells (fibers)
a- are in cell to cell contact by means of nexuses
b- have peripherally situated nuclei
c- are voluntary
d- has distinct striations
e- have well developed sarcoplasmic reticulum
(CORRECT/ a )
11- Smooth muscle (June,2001)
a- contain gap junctions
b- contain intermediate filaments
c- has cells with centrally located nuclei
d- can be induced to contract by an act of the will
(CORRECT/ a –b & c)
12- Sarcolemma of smooth muscle

a- shows vesicular invaginations
b- shows dense bands (plaques)
c- shows nexuses
d- shows all of the above
e- shows none of the above
(CORRECT/ d )
13- Smooth muscle fibers in blood vessels can synthesize and produce collagen type
a-type I
b-type II
c- type III
d-type IV
e- type V
(CORRECT/ c )
14-Myofibroblasts, Pericytes and Myoepithelial cells are all types of

specialized contractile cell
a- myoepithelial cells are found in exocrine glandular tissue such as
breast
b- myoepithelial cells are stellate cells ,with multiple processes, which
surround secretory units of glands
c- myoepithelial cells are controlled by autonomic innervation
10
d- pericytes may assume the role of primitive mesenchymal cells

e- myofibroblasts proliferate and are involved in repair following tissue
damage
(All-CORRECT)
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Nervous Tissue:
1- Neural crest cells give rise to

a- dorsal root ganglia
b- adrenal medulla
c- sympathetic ganglia
d- all peripheral nerves
(CORRECT/ a – b & c ) peripheral nerves do not derive from neural crest
2- Nervous tissue is drived from

a- embryonic ectoderm
b- embryonic mesoderm
c- embryonic endoderm
d- all of the above
(CORRECT/ a )
3- Bipolar nerve cells are found

a- retina
b- olfactory mucosa
c- cerebral cortex
d- cerebellum
(CORRECT/ a & b)
4- Pseudounipolar neurons are present in (Mid,2001)

a- spinal cord
b- sympathetic ganglia
c- cerebellum
d- spinal ganglia
(CORRECT/ d)
5- Anterior horn cells are examples of
a- bipolar neurons
b- multipolar neurons
c- pseudounipolar neurons
d- Golgi type II
(CORRECT/ b)
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6- Golgi type II
a- have two poles
b- have short axons
c- have long axons
d- are always motor
e- are always sensory
(CORRECT/ b)
7- In a neuron (June,98-99-2000)
a- dendrites carry signals away from cell body
b- the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is termed Nissl substance
c- the axon receives impulse from the cell body
d- the terminal button is located at the end of the axon
(CORRECT/ c & d)
8- In a neuron
a- dendrites carry signals away from cell body
b- there are few lysosomes
c- the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is termed Nissl substance
d- slow anterograde transport down the axon is mediated by microtubules
e- the terminal button is located at the end of the axon
(CORRECT/ e)
9- Neurons possess (Mid, April,98- Sept.,98-June,99)
a- neurotubules
b- neurofilaments
c- Nissl body
d- mitochondria
(All-CORRECT)
10- Neurons (Zagazig,96)
a- can divide by mitosis
b- can divide by meiosis
c- are present only in the brain
d- are terminally differentiated cells
e- have feet like processes
(CORRECT/ d )
11- The physiological activities of a neuron depend in part on the within the
perikaryon
a- chromatin
b- melanosomes
c- lipofuscin granules
d- neurotubules
e- Nissl substance
(CORRECT/ a- d & e)
12- Define
a- Neurofibrils
b- Nissl’s granules
13- Nissl bodies are found in (Sept.,98)
a- synapses
12
b- axon hillocks
c- neuroglia
d- axon
e- cell body and dendrites
(CORRECT/ e)
14- Nissl bodies are composed of
a- synaptic vesicles
b- free ribosomes
c- lipoprotein
d- rough endoplasmic reticulum
(CORRECT/ b & d )
15- Nissl bodies are composed of
a- synaptic vesicles
b- free ribosomes
c- lipoprotein
d- lysosomes
(CORRECT/ b )
16- Large cytoplasmic aggregations of RER that stain intensely with basic dyes
a- Nissl granules
b- neurotubules
c- synaptic vesicles
d- axons
e- dendrites
(CORRECT/ a)
17- Nissl granules are:
a- basophilic granules in the axon
b- aggregations of RER in the nerve cell body
ff c- responsible for myelin synthesis
gg d- free ribosomes in axon hillock
hh e- deep acidophilic granules in the nerve cell body.
(CORRECT/ b)
Cellular processes
1- Cellular processes with many synapses that conduct nervous impulses

toward the neuronal cell body are called
a- Nissl granules
b- neurotubules
d- axons
e- dendrites
(CORRECT/ e)
2- Dendrites((June,97-June,98-Sept.,99)
a- do not contain Nissl substance
b- do not contain microtubules
c- often have spines or gemmules on their surface
d- do not contain neurofilaments
(CORRECT/ c)
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3- Dendrites((June,97-June,98-Mid,99)
b- do not contain microtubules
c- often have spines or gemmules on their surface
d- conduct impulses toward the cell body
(CORRECT/ c &d)
4- Neuronal cytoplasmic process called dendrites (Mid, June,2001)

b- have synapses that may sometimes number hundreds of thousands per cell
c- do not contain microtubules
d- often have spines or gemmules on their surface
e- do not contain neurofilaments
(CORRECT/ b & d)
5- Dendrites carry: (Sept.,93)

a- nerve impulses to the nerve cells.
b- nerve impulses away from the nerve cells.
c- nerve impulses from the nerve to the target organ
d- nerve impulses from receptors to the target organ
(CORRECT/ a)
6-The axon hillock (June,97)

a- contains rough endoplasmic reticulum.
b- contains ribosomes
c- contains microtubules (neurotubules) arranged in bundles
d- contains all of the above
(CORRECT/ c)
7- The axoplasm contains

a- Golgi apparatus
b- rough endoplasmic reticulum.
c- ribosomes
d- all of the above
(CORRECT/ e )
8- The axoplasm contains
a- mitochondria
b- neurofibrils
c- all of the above
(CORRECT/ c )
9- The axon near their parent neuron cell body (axon hillock) (Mid,99)
a- being more numerous
b- conducting impulses away from the perikaryon
c- having more ribonucleoprotein bodies (Nissl’s bodies)
d- being more slender and smoother
e- being more constant in diameter
(CORRECT/ b-d &e)
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10- Cytoplasmic transport within axoplasm typically can be

a- antegrade and fast, transferring membranous organelles to the axon
terminals
b- antigrade and slow, transferring small nutrient molecules and calcium
to the axon terminals
c- retrograde, transferring some proteins and small molecules to the axon
terminals.
d- aided by neurotubules
e- retrograde, facilitating invasion of the central nervous system by some
toxins and viruses
(CORRECT/ a- d & e )
11- Cellular processes that conduct nervous impulses from the neuronal cell body is
called
a- Nissl granules
b- neurotubules
d- axons
e- dendrites
(CORRECT/ d )
12- The perineurium

a- is a facial layer surrounding bundles of nerve fibers
b- is a facial layer surrounding individual bundles of nerves
c- is a thin layer of connective tissue covering individual nerves
d- is composed of mostly reticular fibers
(CORRECT/ b )
13- The perineurium (Mid,2000)

a- is surrounding the nerve trunk
b- is surrounding individual nerve fibers
c- is formed of mostly of reticular fibers
d- is surrounding individual bundles of nerves
(CORRECT/ d )
14- Myelination is produced by (June,97-98-Mid,April,99)
a- astrocytes
b- oligodendrocytes
c- neural crest cells
d- Schwann cells
(CORRECT/ b &d)
15- Myelination is produced in CNS by
a- astrocytes
b- oligodendrocytes
c- neural crest cells
d- Schwann cells
(CORRECT/ b )
15
16- Myelin (Mid,April,98-Sept.,99-June,2001)

a- completely ensheathes myelinated axons throughout their
length
b- is formed by Schwann cells in the central nervous system
c- may regenerate after damage in the peripheral nervous system
d- is formed by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system
(CORRECT/ c &d)
17 - Myelin
a- completely ensheathes myelinated axons throughout their
length
b- is formed by Schwann cells in the central nervous system
c- may regenerate after damage in the peripheral nervous system
d- reduces the conduction speed in very large diameter axons
e- in PNS has a different biochemical composition to that in the CNS
(CORRECT/ c & e)
18- Osmic acid is specific to show (Sept.,98(June,99)

a- collagen fibers
b- elastic fibers
c- reticular fibers
d- axoplasm
e- myelin sheath
(CORRECT/ e)
19- Non- myelinated nerve fibers (Zagazig,98-Mid,99)

a- are surrounded by a fold of Schwann cell
b- have no neuroglial covering
c- conduct impulses faster than myelinated nerves
d- have nodes of Ranvier
e- are very common in white matter of spinal cord
(CORRECT/ a)
20- Myelinated nerve fibers (Zagazig,98)

b- conduct impulses to the target. cell or organ
c- have nodes of Ranvier
d- are very common in white matter of spinal cord
e- all of the above
(CORRECT/ e)
21- Myelinated nerve fibers

b- conduct impulses faster than non-myelinated nerves
d- are very common in white matter of spinal cord
e- all of the above
(CORRECT/ e)
16
22- Node of Ranvier

ii a- the narrow space between two Schwan cells
jj b- is covered by neurolemmal sheath
c- has no myelin covering
d- all of the above
(CORRECT/ d)
23- Immediately external to the myelin sheath of a peripheral nerve

fiber is
a- endothelium
b- Schwann cytoplasm
c- Basement membrane
d- axolemma
e- axon hillock
(CORRECT/b)
24- Immediately internal to the myelin sheath of a peripheral nerve
fiber is
a- endothelium
b- Schwann cytoplasm
c- Basement membrane
d- axolemma
e- axon hillock
(CORRECT/d)
25- In the peripheral nervous system

a- the perineurium surrounds a nerve fascicle
b- the epineurium is composed of flattened epithelial-like cells
c- axons are all myelinated
d- nodes of Ranvier are areas of bare axon between segments of
myelination
e- ganglia contain neuronal cell bodies, axon, Schwann cells and satellite
cells
(CORRECT/ a- d & e )
26- In the peripheral nervous system

a- the epineurium surrounds a group of nerve bundles (fascicles)
b- the epineurium is composed of flattened epithelial-like cells
c- axons are all myelinated
d- nodes of Ranvier are areas of bare axon between segments of
myelination
(CORRECT/ a &d)
27- Tracts of CNS are:

a- Non-myelinated with neurolemma.
b- Non-myelinated without neurolemma.
c- Myelinated with neurolemma.
d- Myelinated without neurolemma.
(CORRECT/d)
17
28- Non-myelinated nerve fibers (Sept.,97)

a- are either with or without neurolemma.
b- are present in sympathetic nerves
d- are very common in white matter of the spinal cord
(CORRECT/ a &b)
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Synapses
1- Synaptic vesicles
a- contain neurotransmitters
b- enter the synaptic gap
c- become incorporated in the presynaptic membrane after emptying
contents
d- become incorporated in the postsynaptic membrane after emptying
contents
(CORRECT/ a & c )
2- Synapses may be found connecting (Sept.,97-June,99)
a- axon to axon
b- axon to dendrite
c- axon to nerve cell body
d- all of the above
e- non of the above
(CORRECT/ d)
3- In a synapse
a- synaptic vesicles are derived solely from transport down the axon
b- release of neurotransmitter is mediated by voltage-sensitive calcium
channels in the nerve terminal
c- release of transmitter substance is via diffusion through the presynaptic
membrane
d- the post synaptic membrane is fused to the presynaptic membrane by
cell
adhesion proteins
e- membrane from the synaptic vesicles becomes transiently incorporated
into the presynaptic membrane
(CORRECT/ b & e )
4- The thickness of synaptic cleft is
a- 2 nm
b- 20 nm
c- 200 nm
d- 2 um
e- 20 um
(CORRECT/ b & e )
5- Neurotransmitters include
a- acetylcholine
b- norepinephrine
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c- enkephalins
d- all of the above
(CORRECT/ d)
6- Cholinergic synapses occur in
a- preganglionic parasympathetic synapse
b- preganglionic sympathetic synapse
c- postganglionic parasympathetic synapse
d- postganglionic sympathetic synapse
(CORRECT/ a- b & c)
7- Match each description with the most appropriate neuron strucure (June,99)
I - cellular processes with many synapses that conduct nervous impulses
toward the neuronal body
II- large cytoplasmic aggregates of rough endoplasmic reticulum that stains
intensely with basic dyes
III-contains neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and serotinin
IV-abundant in axons and involved in anterograde bulk cytoplasmic transport
V- myelinated by Schwann cells and conducts nervous impulses away from
the cell body
(a) Nissl substances (b) Neurotubules (c) Synaptic vesicles
(d) Axons (e) Dendrites
(CORRECT/ I (e) II (a) III (c) IV (b) V (d)
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Ganglia
1- The ganglia: (Mid, 2001 b)

a- are found in the central nervous system
b- are found in the peripheral nervous system
c- contains multipolar nerve cells only
d- contains unipolar nerve cells only
e- contains bipolar nerve cells only
(CORRECT/ b)
2- Spinal ganglia(Sept.,97-99-Mid,2000)
a- contains synapse
b- contains multipolar cells
c- contains bipolar nerve cells
d- contains nerve cells arranged in groups or raws
(CORRECT/ d)
3- Spinal ganglia (Zagazig,98)
a- are found in the CNS
b- carry sensory impulses
c- contains synapses
d- contain multipolar nerve cells
e- contain bipolar nerve cells
(CORRECT/ b)
4- Spinal ganglia (Zagazig,98-Mid,99)
a- are found in the CNS
b- contains synapses
c- contain multipolar nerve cells
19
d- contain pseudounipolar nerve cells

e- contain bipolar nerve cells
(CORRECT/ d)
5- Mention two characters of spinal ganglia (Mid,April,98)
a-
b-
6- Mention two characters of sympathetic ganglia (Mid,April,98)
a-
b-
7- Difference between stellate and satellite cells (June,94)
a- Stellate
b- Satellite
8- Satellite cells are (Sept.,96-Mid,99)
a- flat cells around the nerve cells of spinal ganglia
b- flat cells around the nerve cells of sympathetic ganglia
c- multipolar nerve cells of sympathetic ganglia
d- pyramidal cells in cerebral cortex
(CORRECT/a &b)
9- Satellite cells
a- surround the nerve cells in spinal ganglia
b- are type of neuroglia
c- are not excitable cells
d- all of the above
(CORRECT/d )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Degeneration
1- Wallerian degeneration(June,96-97-98-Mid,April,99)
a- is rapid degeneration in the nerve fibers at the site of trauma
kk b- occurs in peripheral nerve fibers
ll c- occurs in nerve cells
mm d- the injured fibers becomes dull and fails to transmit nerve
nn impulses
(CORRECT/ b &d)
2- Wallerian degeneration occurs in : (Sept.,93)

a- the nerve cell.
b- the peripheral nerve fibers.
c- the nerve cell and the peripheral nerve fibers.
d- None of the above.
(CORRECT / b)
3- Wallerian degeneration is changes which occur in the:

a- proximal segment of the axon
b- nerve cell body
c- distal segment of the axon
20
d- all of the above

(CORRECT/ c)
4-Wallerian degeneration is changes which occur in the : (Zagazig,96-June,2000)
a- axon
b- myelin sheath
c- Schwann cells
d- all of the above
(CORRECT/ d)
5- Wallerian degeneration occurs in
a- the distal segment of the axon
b- the proximal segment of the axon
c- the nerve cell body
d- the tracts of CNS
(CORRECT/ a)
6-Retrograde degeneration occurs in : (Sept.,93-99)
a- the nerve cell.
d- The nerve fiber at the site of trauma
e- None of the above.
(CORRECT/ a )
7- Traumatic degeneration occurs in : (Sept.,91)
a- the nerve cell.
d- The nerve fiber at the site of trauma
e- None of the above.
(CORRECT/ d)
8- Define :
a-Traumatic degeneration(Mid,April,98)
b- Chromatolysis.(June,94)
9-Following transection of a peripheral nerve.(June,97-99-2001)
a- degenerative changes occur only in the peripheral axon processes
b- the axon and its myelin sheath show wallerian degeneration distal
to the transection
c- Schwann cells degenerate along with the adjacent myelin layers
d- mitochondria and neurofilaments becomes vesicular and begin to
break
e- myelin degenerates distally into droplets of simpler lipids that are
engulfed by the microglia
(CORRECT/ b &d)
10- During chromatolysis

a- the nucleus becomes smaller
b- the perikaryon shrinks
c- Nissl body is increased
21
d- The nucleus becomes eccentric in the perikaryon

(CORRECT/ d)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Neuroglial
1- Neuroglial cells include(June,97-98-Mid,April,99)

a- astrocytes
oo b- ependymal cells
c- microglia
pp d- neurons
(CORRECT/ a-b &c)
2-- Neuroglial cells include the following except:

a- satellite cells
qq b- Schwann cells (neurolemmal cells)
c- microglia
rr d- neurons
ss
(EXCEPT / d)
3- Fibrous astrocytes are (June,95-Mid,99)

a- ectodermal in origin predominate in grey matter
b- ectodermal in origin predominate in white matter
c- they have a nutritive function
d- they have a phagocytic function
(CORRECT/ b &c)
4- Fibrous astrocytes are (June,95)

a- send sucker processes to the walls of blood vessels to get nutrition
b- mesodermal in origin predominate in white matter
c- they have a phagocytic function
d- help in regeneration of neurons
(CORRECT/ a)
5- The neuroglia of the human central nervous system

a- are less abundant than the neurons
b- are very few in numbers
c- include Schwann cells
d- include cells that form myelin sheaths
e- include microglia
(CORRECT/ d & e)
6- The ependymal cells of the adult human central nervous system

a- typically form a simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium
b- line the spinal cord’s central canal and the brain’s ventricles
c- have long, thin cytoplasmic processes (extensions) basally
d- line the subarachonid space
22
e- they contribute to the choroid plexuses

(CORRECT/ a- b- c & e)
7-Protoplasmic astrocytes are (June,94-96-2000)
a- ectodermal in origin predominate in grey matter
b- ectodermal in origin predominate in white matter
c- they have a nutritive function
d- ectodermal in origin predominate in grey & white matter
(CORRECT/ a &c)
8- Which of the following cells in the CNS is similar in function to the Schwann cells
a- astrocyte
b- satellite cell
c- protoplasmic astrocyte
d- oligodendrocyte
e- fibrous astrocyte
(CORRECT/ d)
9- The cells that line the central canal are
b a- Microglia
c b- oligodendroglia
c- Schwann cell
d d- ependymal
(CORRECT/ d)
e 10- Microglia
f a- found in both grey and white matter
g b- mesodermal in origin
h c- phagocyte cells
i d- all of the above
j e- none of the above
(CORRECT/ d)
11- Blood brain barrier (Mid,April,98-Sept.,99)
tt a- is between blood stream in capillaries of the brain and
neurons of CNS
b- consists of nonfenestrated endothelial cells
uu c- prevents harmful materials from entering the brain
vv d-none of the above
(CORRECT/ a-b &c)
12- Endings in muscular tissue (Mid,April,98-Mid,99)

ww a- motor end plates
xx b- pacinian corpuscles
yy c- muscle spindles
d- tendon spindles
(All-CORRECT)
13- Neuromuscular junctions (motor end plates) do not have: (June,2000)
a- axon
b- dendrites
d- mitochondria
e- synaptic cleft
(CORRECT / b )
23
14-In muscle spindle the following fibers are seen except (Zagazig,98-Mid,99)
a- annulo-spiral fibers
b- flower spray fibers
c- intrafusal fibers
d- gamma fibers
e- alpha fibers
(CORRECT/ e)
15- The sensory supply of the nuclear bag type muscle fiber is
a- annulo-spiral fibers only
b- flower spray fibers only
c- both primary annulo-spiral fibers and secondary flower spray fibers
d- gamma fibers
e- intrafusal fibers
(CORRECT/ c)
INTEGUMENT
The skin plus its appendages.
Thick skin:
1- The skin has all of the following components except
a- an epidermis
b- a dermis
c- a hypodermis
d- a stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
e- melanocytes in the stratum basale
(CORRECT/ c)
2- Normal cells within the human epidermis include

a- stratified squamous epithelial cells.
b- keratinocytes.
c- Langerhans' cells.
d- endothelial cells.
e- melanocytes.
(CORRECT / a- b- c & e )
3- Human epidermis proliferates epithelial cells in the

a- stratum basale.
b b- stratum lucidum.
c- stratum corneum.
c d- stratum granulosum.
e- stratum germinativum.
(CORRECT / a & e )
24
4- Intercellular bridges in the epidermis are most common (Mid,2001)

a- are most common in the stratum granulosum
b- are most common in -the stratum spinosum
c- represent sites where gap junctions are present between
keratinocytes
d- represent sites where maculae adherentes are present between
keratinocytes
(CORRECT / b & d)
5- lntercellular bridges in the epidermis

a- are most common in the stratum granulosum
b- are most common in the stratum lucidum
c- are most common in the stratum corneum
d- represent sites where gap junctions are present between keratinocytes formerly
(CORRECT / d)
6- Stratum spinosum is seen in:

a- suprarenal cortex.
b- dermis.
c- epidermis.
d- suprarenal medulla.
e- spongy bone.
(CORRECT / c)
7- The basal layer of the epidermis

d a- is responsible for the constant production of keratinocytes
e b- is composed of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes
f c- is attached to the basement membrane by desmosomes
g d- contains scattered melanocytes
e- contains keratinosomes
) CORRECT / a- b & d(
8- The stratum granulosum (June,97-Mid, April, 98-99)

zz a- contains melanosomes
aaa b- lies superficial to the stratum lucidum
bbb c- is the thickest layer of the epidermis in thick skin
ccc d- contains keratohyalin granules
(CORRECT/ d)
9- The epidermis of the thick skin has(Sept.,97-99)

a- Langerhan’s cells
b- Fat cells
c- Free nerve endings
d- All of the above
(CORRECT/ a &c)
25
10- The epidermis of the thick skin has (Zagazig,98)

a- fat cells
b- free nerve endings
c- fine capillaries
d- meissners corpuscles
e- pacinian corpuscles
(CORRECT/ b)
11- The epidermis of thick skin has:

a- fat cells.
b- a clear layer (stratum lucidum).
c- many fine capillaries.
d- meissner corpuscles.
e- Pacinian corpuscles
(CORRECT/ b)
12- The epidermis is formed of

a- germinal and prickle cell layers only
b- clear and horny layers only
c- granular ,clear and horny layers only
d- germinal basal layer
(CORRECT/ e)
13-The prickle cell layers are (Sept.,98)

a- formed of a single basal layer
b- adherent to each other by tight junction
c- not adherent to each other
d- formed of basophilic cells (due to keratohyalin granules)
e- non of the above
(CORRECT/ e)
14- The malpighian layer is formed of (Zagazig,98-Sept.,99)

a- germinal and prickle cell layers only
b- clear and horny cell layers only
c- granular ,clear and horny cell layers only
d- germinal basal layer
e- dermis and epidermis
(CORRECT/ a)
15- The following are characters of stratum lucidum except (Zagazig,98)

a- the cells contain eleidin
b- the cells appear as acidophilic translucent band
c- the cells contain basophilic keratohylin granules
d- the cell organoids are not seen at E/M level
e- this layer is present only in thick skin
26
(EXCEPT /c)
16- The cells of the granular layer of the epidermis do not contain (Zagazig,98)
a- melanin pigments
b- carotene pigments
c- eleidin
d- acidophilic keratohyalin granules
e- basophilic keratohyalin granules
(CORRECT/ a-b-d &e)
17- The cells of the granular layer of the epidermis contain (Zagazig,98)
a- melanin pigments
c- eleidin
(CORRECT/ e)
18- The cells of the granular layer of the epidermis contain

a- melanin pigments
c- eleidin
e- basophilic keratohyalin granules
(CORRECT/ e)
19- The cells in the stratum spinosum are

a- polyhedral
b- rounded
c- cubical
d- columnar
e- squamous
(CORRECT/ a)
20-The cells in the stratum granulosum are

a- polyhedral
b- rounded
c- cubical
d- columnar
e- squamous
(CORRECT/ e)
21- The function of Langerhans cells in the skin is (Zagazig,98-Mid,99)
a- to give the skin its color
b- unknown
c- antibodies secretion
d- eleidin formation
e- non of the above
(CORRECT/ e)
27
22- Langerhans cells in the epidermis can be identified with:

.a- H. & E
b- supravital stain
c- silver stain
d- DOPA reaction
e- Methyline blue
(CORRECT/ b)
23- The function of Langerhans cells of the skin is:

ddd a- give the skin its color
b- macrophage
d- Eleidin formation
e- touch sensation
(CORRECT/ b)
24- Langerhans cells

a- is commonly found in dermis
b- originates from the ectoderm
c- functions as a sensory receptor for cold
d- plays an immunological role in the skin
e- functions as a pressure receptor
(CORRECT/ d)
25- The function of Merkel cells of the skin is:

a- pain sensation
b- macrophage
d- Eleidin formation
e- touch sensation
(CORRECT/ e)
26- The red color of the skin is due to(Zagazig,98)

a-melanin pigments
b-carotene pigments
c- hemoglobin in blood vessels
d-eleidin granules
e- all of the above
(CORRECT/ c)
27- The color of the skin is due to (June,99)

a- melanin pigments
c- hemoglobin in blood vessels
d- all of the above
e- Eleidin granules
(CORRECT/ d)
28
28- Melanin pigments are carried and stored in the (Zagazig,98)

a- Langerhans cells
b- melanocytes
c- keratinocytes
d- Merkel cells
e- horny cells
(CORRECT/ c)
29- Melanin pigments are considered as and are stored in the (Zagazig,98)
a- mitochondria in Langerhans cells
b- ribosomes in melanocytes
c- cell inclusions in keratinocytes
d- fat globules in Merkel cells
e- Eleidin granules in horny cells
(CORRECT/ c)
30- Melanin pigments are formed in the (Zagazig,98)

a- Langerhans cells
b- melanocytes
c- keratinocytes
d- Merkel cells
e- horny cells
(CORRECT/ b)
31- The following factors can increase melanin formation except (Zagazig,98)
a- exposure to sun light
b- melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
c- ACTH
d- Growth hormone
e- Addison’s disease
(EXCEPT /d)
32- The following factors can increase melanin formation

a- exposure to sun light
b- melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
c- ACTH
d- all of the above
(CORRECT/ d)
33- Melanocytes are (June,94)

a- Melanin forming cells
b- They give a –ve Dopa reaction
c- They give a +ve Dopa reaction
d- They carry melanin
(CORRECT/ a –c &d)
29
34- Melanocytes in human skin (June,97)

a- can be found in the dermis
b- are pigment producing cells in the skin
c- are located in the epidermis
d- give rise to kerationcytes
e- transfer melanosomes to kerationcytes and form melanin
(CORRECT/ a-b-c &e)
35- Melanocytes in human skin

a- can be found in the dermis
b- originate from cells derived from the neural crest cells of early
development
c- contain melanosomes
d- when absent, constitute the usual basis for complete albinism
e- when unable to synthesize melanin, constitute the usual basis for complete albinism
(CORRECT/ a-b-c &e)
36- Melanocytes have the following EM characters except:

a- prominent Golgi apparatus
b- many melanosomes
c- no desmosomes
d- abundant RER
e- they are joined together by spine-like processes
( EXCEPT / e )
37- The melanocytes in the epidermis do not contain

a- melanosomes
b- abundant RER
c- long cytoplasmic processes
d- desmosomes
e- prominent Golgi.
(CORRECT/ d )
38- Concerning melanocytes all are correct except:

a- are pigment-producing cells in the skin
b- are located in the epidermis
c- give rise to keratinocytes
d- transfer melanosomes to keratinocyte
e- are ectodermal in origin
( EXCEPT / c )
39- Melanocytes
a- are pigmented because of the melanin they contain
b- have long cytoplasmic processes which extend between keratinocytes
c- are greatly increased in number in dark-skinned races
d- contain characteristic spherical premelanosomes
e- are neural-derived and also act as mechanoreceptors
(CORRECT/ b )
40- Melanophores are (June,96)
a- macrophages engulfed melanin
30
b- present in epidermis between basal cells

c- they give a +ve Dopa reaction
d- ectodermal in origin
(CORRECT/ a )
41- Melanophores are (June,93)
a- carry melanin and found in dermis
b- present in epidermis between basal cells
c- they give a -ve Dopa reaction
d- ectodermal in origin
(CORRECT/ a & c)
42- Pacinian corpuscles are seen in (Sept.,98)

a- papillary layer of dermis only
b- epidermis
c- hypodermis
d- thin skin only
e- all layers of skin
(CORRECT/ c)
43- Pacinian corpuscles are (June,91)

a- mecanoreceptors may receive heat sensation
b- mecanoreceptors may receive cold sensation
c- reception of touch sensation
d- reception of deep pressure ,tactile localization and stereognosis
(CORRECT/ d)
43- Meissner’s corpuscles are found in the
a- epidermis
b- reticular layer of dermis
c- hypodermis
d- papillary layer of dermis
e- epidermal ridges
(CORRECT/ d)
44- Meissner’s corpuscles are found in the

a- hairless skin
b- lips
c- nipples
d- serous membranes
(CORRECT/ a – b & c )
Thin skin:
1- The epidermis of the thin skin is formed of the following layers except (Sept.,98)
a- germinal layer
b- prickle cell layer
c- granular layer
d- clear layer
e- horny layer
(CORRECT/ d)
31
2- The characters of thin skin is/are: (June,2000)

a- contains sweat glands.
b- contains hair follicles.
c- contains sebaceous glands.
d- lacks of starum lucidum.
e- all of the above.
(CORRECT/ e)
3- Thin skin(Sept.,99)
a- does not contain sweat glands
b- lacks a stratum corneum
c- is less abundant than thick skin
d- would not contain an arrector pili muscle
e- contains hair follicle
(CORRECT/ e)
4- Thin skin in the following sites does not contain hair follicles Except(June,99)
a- scrotum
b- glans penis
c- glans clitoris
d- labia minora
e- red margin of the lip
( EXCEPT / a)
_________________________________________________________________________
Skin appendages
1- In the skin appendages (Mid,2001)

eee a- sebaceous gland units usually open directly onto the skin surface.
fff b- apocrine glands secrete sweat
ggg c- eccrine glands are particularly frequent on the palms and soles.
hhh d- the internal root sheath of the hair follicle produces the hair shaft
e- erector pill muscles control the position of the hair shafts
) CORRECT / c-d & e(
2- "Appendages" of human skin include

a- hair follicle
b- sebaceous glands
c- apocrine'glands.
d- nails.
e- eccrine sweat glands.
(CORRECT / a-b-c-d & e )
3- Sebaceous glands(June,97-Mid,April,98-99)
32
a- are associated with hair follicles

b- employ the mechanism of merocrine secretion
c- produce a secretion called sebum
d- are present in thick skin
(CORRECT/ a &c)
4- Sebaceous glands (June,99)

a- are associated with sweat glands
b- employ the mechanism of merocrine secretion
c- produce a secretion called sebum
d- are present in both thick & thin skin
e- employ the mechanism of apocrine secretion
(CORRECT/ c)
5- Sebaceous glands are (Mid,99)

a- compound alveolar gland
b- found in the epidermis of thick skin
c- found in the epidermis of thin skin
d- found in the dermis of thin skin
e- found in the dermis of thick skin
(CORRECT/ d)
6- Sebaceous glands are

a- merocrine
b- apocrine
c- holocrine
d- endocrine
e- unicellular
(CORRECT/ c)
7- Eccrine sweat glands

a- are not present in thick skin
b- have secretory portion that contains myoepithelial cells
c- release their secretion by the mechanism of holocrine secretion
d- have a narrow striated duct
e- are simple branched tubular glands
(CORRECT/ b)
8- Eccrine sweat glands

a- are not present in thick skin
b- release their secretion by the mechanism of holocrine secretion
c- have a narrow duct lined in part by myoepithelial cells
d- have a secretary portion that contains myoepithelial cells
(CORRECT / d)
9- A hair follicle (June,97-Mid,2000)

a- is always associated with a sweat gland
b- would not be present in thick skin
33
c- does not contain epithelial cells

d- is attached to the arrector pili muscle
(CORRECT/ b &d)
10- A hair follicle (June,97-2001)

a- is always associated with a sebaceous gland
b- would not be present in thick skin
d- is not attached to the arrector pili muscle
(CORRECT/ a & b)
11- A hair follicle

a- is always associated with a sweat gland
b- is always present in thick skin
d- is attached to the arrector pili muscle
e- All of the above
(CORRECT/ d )
12- The reason why the hair in old age turns white (Mid, 2001 b)
a- Exposure to sunlight
b- melanocytes fail to produce melanin
c- Keratinocytes fail to store melanin
d- decrease in the number of melanocytes
e- hormonal factors
(CORRECT/ b )
13- Arrector pili muscles are (Zagazig,98)

a- striated muscles
b- found in epidermis of thick skin
c- found in epidermis of thin skin
d- found in dermis of thin skin
e- found in dermis of thick skin
(CORRECT/ d)
14- Arrector pili muscles are

a- smooth muscles
b- striated muscles
c- myoepithelial cells
d- found in the epidermis
e- found in dermis of thick skin
(CORRECT/ a)
15- Mention two characters of sweat glands

a-
34
b-
16- Mention two differences between sebaceous and sweat glands(June,94)
17-Nails have each of the following features except:

a- an eponychium cuticle
b- a proximal whitish crescent-shaped lunula
c- a body (nail plate) that is composed of soft keratin
d- a nail matrix at their root that is responsible for nail growth
e- a hyponychium ,where the skin is attached at the undersurface of the
free bored
(EXCEPT / c)
18-The hypodermis is
a- an integral layer of the s in.
b- thicker in thick skin.
c- thinner in thin skin
d- rich in free nerve endings.
e- subcutaneous tissue which binds the skin to adjacent organs.
(CORRECT/ e)
The Cardio-Vascular System:

HEART
1- The endocardium is formed of the following except:
a- endothelium of single squamous epithelium
iii b- thin layer of basal lamina
jjj c- thin layer of fibroelastic connective tissue
d- subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue
(EXCEPT/ C)
2- The pericardium
a- is a sac-like structure enclosing the heart
b- has a fibrous layer and a serous layer
c- is reflected on the heart as the epicardium
d- accumulates fat in its visceral layer
(CORRECT/ a-b-c &d)
3- Muscle tissues of the heart wall

a- are composed entirely of cardiac muscle
b- include large amounts of smooth muscle in the atrial endocardium
c- include part of the conduction system of the heart
d- are mainly concentrated in the myocardium
e- include the pectinate muscles spiralling in the walls of the ventricles
35
(CORRECT/ c &d)
4- Tissue structures of the epicardium include

a- mesothelium
b- fat
c- fibro-elastic connective tissue.
d- visceral pericardium
e- parietal pericardium.
(CORRECT/ a-b-c &d)
5- Within a normal adult human heart, impulses for cardiac muscle contraction
a- are transmitted directly from one cardiac muscle fiber to another
b-typically pass in this sequence: sinoatrial node to atrial cardiac muscle
to atrioventricular node to atrioventricular bundle
c- typically pass in this sequence: Purkinje cells to A-V node to atrial
cardiac muscle fibers to sinoatrial node to atrioventricular bundle.
d- depend on innervations from the autonomic nervous system
e- involve a "pacemaker" in the epicardium next to the right atrium.
(CORRECT/ a-b & e)
6- In the cardiac conducting system

a- cardiac contractions originate in the sinoatrial node
b- internodal atrial muscle carries signals directly to the left
and right bundle-branches
c- Purkinje fibers are indistinguishable from adjacent myocardial
Cells
d- the atrioventricular node gives rise directly to the bundle of His
e- the atrioventricular node is the only part of the conducting system
composed of neuronal tissue
(CORRECT/ a & d )
7- The impulse-generating system of the heart includes the following.

a- atrioventricular node
b- sinoatrial node
c- atrioventricular bundle of His
d- sympathetic nerves
(CORRECT/ a –b & c)
8- The so-called "skeleton of the heart" in adult humans
a- is composed of a mixture of hyaline, elastic, and fibrous cartilages
b- is formed in part by the annuli fibrosi, composed of Purkinje fibers
c- includes the septum membranaceum.
d- is composed chiefly of dense irregular connective tissue
e- is structurally supported by the atrioventricular bundle (of His).
(CORRECT/ c & d)
9- In the heart
a- main coronary arteries run in the epicardium
b- myocardial cells have central nuclei and are striated
c- the endocardium contains elastic tissue
d- the valves are composed of dense collagenous tissue
36
and lack an endocardial covering

e- pericardial sac is lined by mesothelial cells
(CORRECT/ a-b-c & e)
10- The myocardium (June,2001)

a- is the muscular wall ,of the heart
b- contains two types of muscle cells
c- contains cardiac muscle tissue inserted into a fibrous skeleton
d- lines the lumen of the heart
(CORRECT/ a & c)
11- Impulse-conducting system includes the following Except:

a- atrioventricular node
b- sinoatrial node
c- atrioventricular bundle
d- sympathetic nerves
(EXCEPT / d)
12- Tricuspid valve lies between

a- right ventricle and pulmonary artery
b- right atrium and right ventricle
c- left atrium and left ventricle
d- left ventricle and aorta
(CORRECT/ b )
ARTERIES
1- The innermost tissue layer of blood vessels Is

a- the lamina propria.
b- the tunica intima.
c- the tunica adventitia
d- continuous with the endocardium of
the heart.
e- lined with endothelium.
(CORRECT/ b- d & e )
2-The innermost tissue layer of blood vessels is (June,98)

a- the lamina propria
b- the tunica intima
c- the tunica adventitia
d- lined with endothelium
(CORRECT/ b &d)
3- In the arterial system

a- large elastic arteries do not contain smooth muscle in their media
b- muscular arteries have both an internal and external elastic lamina
c- muscular arteries do not have an intimal layer
d- tone of smooth muscle is regulated by factors secreted by the endothelium
37
as well as the innervation by the autonomic nervous system

e- vasa vasorum supply blood to the walls of large arteries
(CORRECT/ b –d & e)
4- The endothelium of blood vessels is (Zagazig,98)

a- ectodermal
b- neuroectodermal
c- endodermal
d- mesodermal
e- myoepithelial
(CORRECT/ c)
5- The elastic fibers in the wall of blood vessels (Mid,April,98-Mid,99)

a- allow expansion during systole
kkk b- provides a smooth surface for blood flow
lll c- regulate blood flow by contraction and relaxation
mmm d- their recoil helps the blood flow during diastole
(CORRECT/ a &d )
6- Aorta has
a- muscular valves
b- a lining of fenestrated endothelium
c- a relatively thick tunica media
d- a relatively thick tunica adventitia
e- internal and external elastic laminae
(CORRECT/ c )
7- Internal elastic lamina is distinct in

a- large arteries
b- medium sized arteries
c- umbilical arteries
d- inferior vena cava
e- all of the above
(CORRECT/ b )
8- All of the following statements are true of the muscular arteries except
a- they have more elastic fibers than smooth muscle cells
b- they have an endothelium in the lumen
c- they have an elastic externa
d- the media contains elastic fibers
e- the media contains smooth muscle cells
(EXCEPT /a)
9- Typical muscular arteries possess

a- a muscular adventitia
b- an inner elastic limiting membrane
c- many concentric elastic membranes in the tunica media
d- vasa vasorum that penetrate to the tunica intima
e- fenestrated endothelium
38
(CORRECT/ b)
10- Muscular arteries possess (Zagazig,98)

a- a muscular media
b- a muscular media and adventitia
c- an inner elastic membrane in the tunica media
d- vasa vasorum that penetrate to the tunica intima
(CORRECT/ c)
11- Which of the following layers in the wall of medium sized artery
contains smooth muscle
a- internal elastic lamina (membrane)
b- tunica adventitia
c- external elastic lamina (membrane)
d- tunica media
e- tunica intima
(CORRECT/ d)
12- The tunica media of elastic arteries and muscular arteries differ primarily in that
a- elastic arteries contain only elastic fibers
b- the external elastic lamina (membrane) of muscular arteries is
prominent
c- muscular arteries contain only muscle fibers
d- the relative amounts of elastic fibers and muscle fibers differ in each
type of artery
(CORRECT/ b & d )
13- Coronary artery has (Sept.,97)

a- clear internal elastic lamina
b- thick media and thick adventitia
c- vasa vasorum in adventitia
d- all of the above
(CORRECT/ a)
VEINS
1- Inferior vena cava (June,2001)

a- has circular muscle fibers in the tunica adventitia
b- has poorly developed tunica adventitia
c- has longitudinal muscle fibers in the tunica adventitia
d- vasa vasorum are not present in its wall
(CORRECT/ c)
2- Large veins of the abdominal cavity possess (Mid,April,98_June,99)

a- no true endothelial layer
b- a longitudinal smooth muscle layer
c- a poorly developed tunica intima layer
d- no tunica adventitia
(CORRECT/ b)
39
3- Typical large veins possess

a- a thick media
b- a thick adventitia containing a longitudinal smooth muscle layer
c- many concentric elastic membranes in the tunica media
d- vasa vasorum in tunica intima
(CORRECT/ b )
4- Veins have (Sept.,97)

a- muscular valves
c- a relatively thick adventitia
d- well developed external elastic lamina
(CORRECT/ c )
5- Veins have (Zagazig,98)

a- muscular valves
c- a relatively thick media
d- a relatively thick adventitia
e- internal and external elastic laminae
(CORRECT/ d )
6- Veins have
a- poorly developed elastic laminae
b- a thin layer of adventitia
c- a lining of fenestrated endothelium
d- muscular valves
e- no vasa vasorum
(CORRECT/ a )
7- Medium sized veins

a- have a poorly developed internal elastic laminae
b- tunica adventitia is the thickest layer
c- tunica media contains few elastic fibers
d- all of the above
(CORRECT/ d )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SMALL VESSELS
1- Vasa vasorum are (Zagazig,98)

a- seen only by E/M
b- small lymphatic vessels
c- found in the tunica adventitia of arterioles
40
d- found in the tunica intima of aorta

(CORRECT/ e)
2- Vasa vasorum are (Zagazig,98)

a- seen only by E/M
b- small lymphatic vessels
c- found in the tunica adventitia of large arteries
d- found in the tunica adventitia of arterioles
(CORRECT/ c)
3- Blood capillaries have (Sept.,97-June,2000)

a- regular and narrow lumina
b- tunica intima, media and adventitia
c- endothelium, surrounded by perithelium (CT) which contains
pericytes or rouget cells
d- all of the above
(CORRECT/ a & c)
4- Diameter of capillaries is
a- 100 um
b- 40 um
c- 8-10 um
d- 4-6 um
(CORRECT/ c)
5- Capillaries
a- composed of a single layer of endothelial cells
b- have few circular muscle fibers
c- act as sphincters for control of blood flow
d- have very thin tunica media
(CORRECT/ a
6- Fenestrated capillaries are found in (Sept.,98)

a- glomeruli of the kidney
b- intestine
c- some endocrine glands
d- all of the above
e- non of the above
(CORRECT/ d)
7- Continuous capillaries
a- are found in the brain
b- have well developed basal lamina
c- fused by tight junctions
d- all of the above
(CORRECT/ d)
41
8- Capillary types are based on

a- the presence of fenestrae
b- fasciae occludentes
c- the absence of fenestrae
d- all of the above
(CORRECT/ d)
9- Capillaries found in the central nervous system are without pinocytotic

vesicles and are examples
a- continuous (somatic) capillaries
b- fenestrated (visceral) capillaries
c- sinusoidal capillaries
(CORRECT/ a)
10- Capillaries function in all of the following Except:

a- exchange of metabolites
b- exchange of gases
c- control of blood pressure
d- inhibiting clot formation
( EXCEPT / c )
11- The carotid sinus

a- lies in the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and act as
chemoreceptor
b- measures oxygen concentration in the blood
c- initiates a nerve reflex that modifies blood pressure
d- is a modification of the tunica intima within the bifurcation of the
common carotid artery
(CORRECT/ c)
12-Metarterioles
a- drain into venules
b- have a diameter of 100 um
c- possess interrupted layers of smooth muscle fibers
d- are sites of exchange of gasses between blood and tissues
(CORRECT/ c)
13-Metarterioles
a- drain into venules
b- possess an incomplete smooth muscle cell layer around the vessel
c- receive blood from thoroughfare channels
d- precede the precapillary sphincter
(CORRECT/ a & d )
14- Sinusoids (Sept.,98)
a- have wide lumen
b- the wall is formed of endothelial cells and interrupted basal lamina
c- there are no junctions between endothelial cells
42
d- all of the above

(CORRECT/ d)
15- Define
a- Glomus(June,96)
16- where do you find
a- Blood sinusoids
b- pericytes or rouget cells
c- Arterio-venous anastomosis
d- Littoral cells
The Lymphatic System:
lymphatic circulatory system
1- In the lymphatic circulatory system

a- lymphatic capillaries take fluid from the intracellular space
b- the term chyle is used to describe lipid-containing lymph draining from
the intestines
c- large lymphatic vessels have smooth muscle in their walls
d- valves assist the flow of lymph
e- lymph which goes to the lymph nodes returns to the venous system
via a main lymphatic such thoracic duct
(CORRECT/ a- b- c- d & e )
2- The lymphatic circulatory system
a- lymphatic vessels have walls made up of intima-media & adventitia
b- large lymphatic vessels have smooth muscle in their walls
c- valves assist the flow of lymph in a unidirectional flow
d- lymphatic vessels are connected to blood vessels by shunts
(CORRECT/ a- b & c )
LYMPH NODES
1- Lymph nodes have(Sept.,97-June,2000)

a- afferent lymphatic vessels that enter medulla of the node
b- efferent lymphatic vessels that leave via the cortex
c- a cortex and a medulla
d- all of the above
(CORRECT/ c)
2- Lymph nodes have

a- afferent lymphatic vessels that enter cortex of the node
b- efferent lymphatic vessels that leave via the hilus
c- a cortical zone
d- a medullary zone
( ALL CORRECT/ e)
3- The human lymph nodes have (Sept.,97-June,98)

43
a- their afferent lymphatic vessels collected at the hilus

b- their efferent lymphatic vessels collected within the cortex
c- a cortex containing trabeculae, lymphatic nodules, and diffuse
nnn lymphatic tissue
d- medulla containing medullary cords with numerous plasma cells
macrophages and lymphocytes
e- B-lymphocytes that are concentrated typically in the nodular regions
(CORRECT/ c- d& e)
4-The cell mediated immune response is performed by

a- B lymphocytes.
b- T lymphocytes.
c- plasma cells.
d- memory cells.
e- macrophages
(CORRECT/ b)
5- T- helper cells
a- can assist only T lymphocytes
b- produce lymphokines
c- never assist B lymphocytes
d- are memory cells
(CORRECT/ b)
6- T- cytotoxic cells
a- kill foreign cell
b- are subgroup of T lymphocytes
c- are killer cells
d- lyse tumor cells
e- all of the above
( ALL -CORRECT/ e)
5- Antibodies are produced by

a- Plasma cells
b- T-memory cells
c- B-memory cells
d- T-helper cells
(CORRECT/ a)
6- Cytotoxic cells
ooo a- kill foreign cells
ppp b- may be a subgroup of T lymphocytes
qqq c- may be natural killer cells
rrr d- may be thymic-independent cells
( ALL -CORRECT/ d)
7- The humoral response is suppressed by cells of

a- subgroup of T lymphocytes
b- subgroup of B lymphocytes
44
c- B-memory cells
d- may be thymic-independent cells
(CORRECT/ a)
8- Interferon is
a- produced by T- helper cells
b- a substance that activates NK cells
c- a lymphokine
d- a substance that activates T- killer cells
(CORRECT/ a- b & c)
9- lymphocytes of the T cell series

a- do not typically nor directly elaborate conventional antibodies.
b- can cooperate with B cells to produce antibodies against foreign erythrocytes
c- can be readily distinguished from those of the B cell series when studied with
routine staining procedures and light microscopy.
d- participate in the mechanism of rejection of tissue grafts of significantly
different genetic source(s).
e- give rise to immunologic "memory cells" at widespread systemic sites.
(CORRECT/ a- b –d & e)
10- In lymph nodes
a- the germinal center are found in the superficial cortex and
are predominantly composed of B cells
b- the majority of T-lymphocytes in the paracortex
c- antigen-presenting cells are not found in the germinal centers but are
concentrated in the paracortex
d- lymph enters the subcapsular sinus via afferent lymphatics
e- plasma cells. are mainly concentrated in the medullary sinuses
(CORRECT/ a -b- d& e)
11- Lymph nodes have (Zagazig,98-Sept.,99)

a- afferent lymphatic vessels that enter medulla of the node
b- efferent lymphatic vessels that leave via the cortex
c- a cortical zone
d- a red pulp
e- all of the above
(CORRECT/ c)
12- Numerous afferent lymphatics bearing valves are found in the

a- spleen
b- thymus
c- lymphatic nodule
d- lymph nodes
(CORRECT/ d)
13- In the medullary zone of the lymph node (Zagazig,98)

a- central arteriole
b- Hassall 's bodies
c- Blood capillaries
d- Lymphatic sinuses
45
e- Lymphatic follicles
(CORRECT/ d)
14- The region between cortex and medulla in the lymph nodes is supplied by
special vessel called:
a- afferent lymphatic vessels
b- efferent lymphatic vessels
c- post capillary venules
d- red pulp
e- penicillar arteriole
(CORRECT/ c)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SPLEEN
1- The human spleen serves (June,98)

sss a- to filter the lymph that passes through it from afferent to
efferent lymph vessels
b- to filter blood that passes through it
c- to release lymphocytes especially those produced in the white
pulp
d- to release lymphocytes especially those produced in the red pulp
e- to remove from the blood aged and defective erythrocytes whose
ttt remains are phagocytized
(CORRECT/ b-c & e)
2- Venous sinusoids of the spleen:
a- are found in the red pulp
b- contain lymph and plasma cells
c- are the main splenic filter of foreign particles
d- are the main splenic filter of bacteria and viruses
e- possess ellipsoids.
(CORRECT/ a )
3- Central arterioles of the spleen:

a- are found in the red pulp.
b- are found in the white pulp.
c- are the main splenic filter of foreign particles
d- are the main splenic filter of bacteria and viruses
e- possess ellipsoids.
(CORRECT/ b )
4- Schweigger-Seidel sheath is present in

a- unmyelinated nerve fiber
b- myelinated nerve fiber.
c- Hassall's corpuscle.
d- red pulp of the spleen
46
e- white pulp of the spleen

(CORRECT/ d )
5- All of the following statements are true of the human spleen except
a- its connective tissue capsule has a mesothelial coating
b- its sinuses are continuos capillaries
c- the white pulp contains T cells and B cells
d- T cells are concentrated in the peri-arterial lymphatic sheath (PALS)
e- B cells are concentrated in the lymphoid nodules
(EXCEPT /b)
6- Mammalian lymphatic organs with distinctive tissue capsules include-

a- nodules with independent fibroelastic capsules.
b- the spleen, having a capsule containing much smooth muscle, depending
on the animal group.
c- the thymus, located in the dorsal mesogastrium.
d- Peyer's patches within the intestinal lamina propria
e- The appendix.
(CORRECT/ b)
7- Unusual endothelial cells are found in the
a- cortex of the lymph node
b- paracortex of the lymph node
c- white pulp of the spleen
d- red pulp of the spleen
(CORRECT/ b & d)
postcapillary venules of the paracortex possess cuboidal endothelium
sinusoids of red pulp of the spleen possess spindle-shaped endothelium
TONSILS
1-One of the following is not true concerning the pharyngeal tonsil (June,2000)
a- it is composed mostly of lymphoid aggregates
b- it is covered by stratified squamous epithelium
c- the epithelium is invaginated to form folds
d- it does not possess deep tonsilar crypts
e- it possess a capsule
(EXCEPT /b)
2- Human tonsils that

a- are single and medial in position are the palatine and lingual.
b- have the deepest crypts are the pharyngeal and lingual.
c- filter lymph have the most extensively branching crypts.
d- are functionally active proliferate lymphocytes.
e- are functionally active have afferent lymph vessels.
(CORRECT/ d)
3- Palatine tonsils are covered with : (Sept.,92)

a- Stratified sq.epith
b- Stratified columnar epith.
c- Pseudo-stratified columnar ciliated epith.
47
d- None of the above

(CORRECT/ a)
4- Palatine tonsils (Sept.,98)

a- are situated in the lateral wall of the oral pharynx
b- possesses stratified epithelial invaginations in crypts
c- are incompletely encapsulated by epithelium
d- are not divided into cortex and medulla
e- all of the above
(CORRECT/ e)
5- Tonsils(Sept.,97-June,2001)
a- are situated along the course of lymphatic vessels
b- do not filter lymph
c- have no afferent vessels or internal sinuses
d- produce antibodies and form lymphocytes
(CORRECT/ b-c & d)
6—Tonsils (Zagazig,98)
uuu b- possess simple epithelial invaginations in crypts
vvv c- are encapsulated by pseudostratified columnar epithelium
www d- are not divided into cortex and medulla
xxx e- have central arteriole
yyy
(CORRECT/ d)
7- Tonsils
zzz b- possess epithelial invaginations in crypts
aaaa c- are encapsulated by pseudostratified columnar epithelium
bbbb d- have cortex and medulla
cccc e- have central arteriole
(CORRECT/ b)
8- Define : (June,91-96- Sept.,93-94)

a- Salivary corpuscles (Mid,98)
b- Thymocytes
c- Hassall’s corpuscles.
9- The thymic-dependent zone of lymphocyte is in the (Mid,98-Sept.,99)

a- paracortex of the lymph node
b- cortical lymphatic nodules of lymph node
c- periarterial sheaths of the spleen
d- lymphatic nodules of the spleen
(CORRECT/ a & c)
48
THYMUS GLAND
1- Hassall 's (thymic) corpuscles (June,98)

a- are found in the cortex of young individuals
b- are found in the cortex of old individuals
c- are found in the medulla of old individuals
d- are derived from epithelial reticular cells
(CORRECT/ c & d)
2- Epithelial reticular cells of the thymus

a- are found in the cortex
b- participate in the formation of the blood thymus barrier
c- are connected together by desmosomes
d- rest on basal laminae
(ALL -CORRECT/ a-b-c & d)
3- In the medullary zone of the thymus you can find: (June,2000)

b- Hassall 's bodies
c- the site of thymus blood barrier
d- lymphatic sinusoids
e- lymphatic nodules
(CORRECT/ b)
4- T- lymphocytes:
a- are most numerous in blood.
b- are most numerous in lymph
c- are most numerous in the thymus.
d- are most numerous in the lymph nodes.
e- are most numerous in the spleen.
(CORRECT/ c )
5- In the medullary zone of the thymus lobule you can find

b- Ellipsoid.
c- Hassall 's bodies
d- afferent lymphatic vessels.
e- lymphatic nodules.
(CORRECT/ c )
6- Hassall 's corpuscles

a- are found in the cortex of young individuals
b- are found in the cortex of old individuals
c- are derived from mesoderm
d- are found in the medulla of old individuals
e- are derived from ectoderm
(CORRECT/ d )
49
7- Each of the following statements concerning the thymus is true except(Sept.,97)

a- it contains Hassall 's (thymic) corpuscles
b- it has T-lymphocytes
c- it has no lymphoid nodules
d- it has a red pulp
(EXCEPT / d)
8- The thymus gland

a- is divided into red and white areas
b- contains epithelial cells which interact with developing T cells
c- contains structures called Hassall's corpuscles which are vessels
wrapped by surrounding macrophages cells
d- undergoes involution after puberty
e- becomes replaced by adipose tissue in adult life
9-The human thymus
a- after puberty typically shows gradual involution, accompanied by
replacement of lymphoid tissue by connective and adipose tissues.
b- contains thymic corpuscles consisting of concentric layers of epithelial reticular
cells.
c- contains widespread macrophages that can be seen to have engulfed degenerating
cells.
d- attains its greatest relative size by the time of birth.
e- contains reticular cells only in its medulla.
(CORRECT/ a- b- c & d)
10- Lymphocytes of the human thymus
a- appear to be functionally inert until after they are released and then pass
through the spleen
b- include a great many that are produced there as T cells and that are themselves
and their daughter cells elsewhere involved in cell-mediated immune responses.
c- after release have a relatively short life span
d- after release circulate and recirculate through the other lymphatic organs via
lymph and blood flows.
e- are active in mitosis and give rise to daughter cells that will emigrate and
engender immunologic responses to certain bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
(CORRECT/ a- b- d & e )
11- Endocrine (hormonal) activity of the thymus is
a- suggested by the characteristic secretory granules of the T cells.
b- known best in terms of peptide factors or fractions isolated and tested
from thymic extracts.
c- known best in terms of steroidal factors or fractions extracted and tested from
thymic tissue.
d- believed to include some regulatory and stimulatory actions on the thymus itself.
e- known in part in relation to thymosin and its restoration of T cell
deficiencies in thymectomized mice.
12- The thymus possesses (Sept.,98)
a- afferent lymphatic vessels
b- lymphatic nodules
c- Hassall 's (thymic) corpuscles
50
d- central arteriole
e- All of the above
(CORRECT/ c)
13- The unique features of the thymus are the following except (Zagazig,98-Mid,99-
June,2001)
a- it contains Hassall 's (thymic) corpuscles
b- it has noT-lymphocytes
c- it has no lymphoid nodules
d- it has no plasma cells
e- its reticular cells are endodermal
(EXCEPT / b)
a- are found in the stroma of the thymus
b- participate in the formation of blood-thymus barrier
c- are derived from endoderm
d- may secrete thymus hormones
e- all of the above
(ALL -CORRECT/ e)
a- are found in all lymphoid tissues
b- are derived from mesoderm
c- are derived from endoderm
d- has no secretory function
e- all of the above
(CORRECT/ c)
Immune System & the reticulo-Endothelial System:
1- The cell mediated immune response is performed by (Sept.,98)

a- B-lymphocytes
b- T-lymphocytes
c- Plasma cells
d- memory cells
e- macrophages
(CORRECT/ b)
2-All the following are mononuclear phagocytic cells except (Sept.,98-June,2000)

a- osteocytes
b- monocytes
c- histocytes
d- microglia
e- langerhans cells
(EXCEPT / a)
3- All the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system:(Zagazig,98-Mid,99)

a- has phagocytic ability
dddd b- has strong affinity for non-toxic dyes
eeee c- contain many lysosomes
ffff d- possess receptor sites for antibodies
gggg e- all of the above
51
(CORRECT/ e)
4- All the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system are:

a- able to phagocytose particular matter
b- associated with reticular fibers
c- enothelial cells that line the blood sinusoids
d- able to secrete antibodies
e-all of the above
(CORRECT/ a )
5- All the following are mononuclear phagocytic cells EXCEPT:
a- Osteocytes
b- Monocytes
c- Histiocytes
d- Microglia
e- Langerhans cells
(EXCEPT/ a)
6- All the following cells are members of the reticulo-endothelial system EXCEPT:
a- Histocytes
b- Plasma cells
c- Microglia
d- Monocytes
e- Kupffer cells
(EXCEPT/ b)
The Respiratory System:
1- The wall of the respiratory conducting portion is formed of

a- mucosa, submucosa, musculosa and serosa
b- mucosa, submucosa, musculosa and adventitia
c- mucosa, submucosa, cartilage layer and serosa
d- mucosa, submucosa, cartilage layer and adventitia
e- none of the above.
(CORRECT/ d )
2- The respiratory epithelium of the conducting portion of the respiratory tract has
a- stratified squamous epithelium
b- ciliated cells
c- microvilli forming a "brush border'
d- simple squamous epithelium
e- serous secretary cells
(CORRECT/ b )
3- The following structures are parts of the conducting portion of the respiratory
system Except:
a- nasopharynx
b- larynx
c- bronchi
d- respiratory bronchioles
e- nose
(EXCEPT / d)
52
4- Terminal bronchioles
a- are part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system
b- function on gaseous exchanges
c- contain goblet cells
d- have cartilage plates present in their walls
e- have wide lumen
(CORRECT/ a )
5- Dust entering respiratory passages and lungs is trapped by

a- stereocilia
b- wet cilia with mucous
c- dry cilia
d- microvilli
e- surfactant.
(CORRECT/ b )
6- Vibrissae are
a- actively mottle cilia
b- appendages of sustentacular cells
c- part of specialized bipolar nerve cells
d- found in respiratory epithelium lining the vestibule of the nose
e- present in Bowman's gland
(CORRECT/ d )
7- Arrange the following components of the respiratory tract, moving distally
a- alveolar duct
b- terminal bronchiole
c- alveolus
d- respiratory bronchiole
e- alveolar sacs
(CORRECT/ b-d-a-e-c )
8- Pseudostratified columnar epithelium in the human nasal cavity
a- contains, in part, goblet cells that have a serous secretion.
b- contains, in part, goblet cells that have a mucous secretion.
c- contains, in part, ciliated cells.
d- lines the vestibule
e- includes the olfactory epithelium.
(CORRECT/ b –c & e )
9- Olfactory cells of the olfactory epithelium in humans

a- are bipolar neurons.
b- are unipolar sensory cells.
c- can regenerate.
d- apically have modified nonmotile cilia, the olfactory hairs.
e- basally have thin dendritic processes that combine to form the fila olfactoria.
(CORRECT/ a –c & d )
10- The olfactory epithelium (June,99-Sept.,99)

a- is located at the base of the nasal cavity
b- contains bipolar nerve cells
c- contains Bowman’s glands
53
d- has modified cilia that act as receptors
(CORRECT/ b & d)
11- The olfactory mucosa has the following Except:

a- pseudostratified columnar epithelium
b- basal cells
c- supporting cells
d- bipolar cells
e- neuroendocrine cells
(EXCEPT / e)
12- The olfactory epithelium

a- is located at the base of the nasal cavity
b- contains bipolar nerve cells
c- contains goblet cells
d- contains Bowman's corpuscles
e- the axons of nerve cells relay in olfactory ganglia
(CORRECT/ b )
13- The olfactory mucosa has all the following characters Except: (Zagazig,96)
a- modified pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
b- it has three types of cells
c- junction complex is present between receptor and microvilli in
supporting
cells
d- it contains cilia in sensory cells and microvilli in supporting cells
e- it contains goblet cells
(EXCEPT / e)
14- The olfactory epithelium has

a- stratified columnar epithelium.
b- bipolar neurons
c- spindle shaped neuroglia cells
d- multipolar neuron.
e- unipolar neuron.
(CORRECT/ b )
15- Olfactory receptor cells are

a- modified myoepithelium
b- modified multipolar neurons
c- modified bipolar neurons.
d- spindle shaped neuroglia cells
e- neurosecretory cells.
(CORRECT/ c )
16- Bowman's glands are seen in

a- renal malpighian corpuscle.
54
b- duodenum.
c- olfactory mucosa.
d- Ileum
e- cornea
(CORRECT/ c )
17- Olfactory hairs are

a- actively motile cilia
b- appendages of sustentacular cells
c- part of specialized bipolar nerve cells
d- found in respiratory epithelium lining the nares
e- present in Bowman’s glands
(CORRECT/ c)
18- Adenoids are

a- palatine tonsils
b- enlarged lymph nodes
c- thick mucosa of the nose
d- enlarged pharyngeal tonsils
e- enlarged vocal cords
(CORRECT/ d)
19- The respiratory epithelium has
a- stratified squamous epithelium
b- stratified columnar epithelium
c- microvilli
d- goblet cells
e- brush border
(CORRECT/ d)
The larynx
1- The larynx (Mid,99)

a- is part of the pharynx
b- contains vestibular folds
c- contains fibrocartilage
d- contains vocal cords
(CORRECT/ b & d)
2- The larynx has

a- hyaline cartilage only
b- elastic cartilage only
c- the vocal cords
d- fibrocartilage
e- a well developed smooth muscle fibers
(CORRECT/ c)
3- Elastic cartilage is found in

55
a- extrapulmonary bronchi.
b- nasopharynx
c- larynx
d- trachea
e- bronchioles
(CORRECT/ c)
4- Elastic cartilage is found in

a- respiratory bronchioles.
b- bronchiole.
c- alveolar duct.
d- Epiglottis
e- trachea.
(CORRECT/ d )
5- Hyaline cartilage is found in

b- Bronchiole
c- alveolar duct
d- larynx
(CORRECT/ d)
6- The true vocal cords are

a- covered with stratified squamous epithelium
b- formed of large bundles of elastic fibers
c- formed of bundles of skeletal muscles
d- the lower pair of folds
e- all of the above
( ALL -CORRECT/ e)
7- The true vocal cords are

a- covered by ciliated, columnar epithelium
b- are rich in lymphatics
c- are rich in capillaries
d- contain fibers of the vocal ligament
e- contain fibers of the vocalis muscle
(CORRECT/ d & e )
The trachea and Bronchial Tree
1- The trachea (June,98)

a- contains irregular cartilage plates in its wall
b- contains skeletal muscle in its wall
c- is lined by an epithelial containing only two cell types
d- has elastic lamina in the mucosa
(CORRECT/ d)
56
2- The trachea is lined by:(June,94-Sept.,99)

a- stratified columnar ciliated epithelium
b- simple columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells
c- pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells
d- stratified columnar non ciliated epithelium
(CORRECT/ c)
3- The trachea is lined byJune,2000)

a- respiratory epithelium of various cells
b- has thick basement membrane underlying its epithelium
c- stratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells
d- stratified columnar non ciliated epithelium
(CORRECT/ a &b )
4- The trachea possesses

a- elastic cartilage.
b- hyaline cartilage connected by muscle fibers.
c- complete rings of cartilage.
d- incomplete rings of white fibrocartilage
e- C-shaped yellow elastic cartilage.
(CORRECT/ b )
5- The trachea
a- has a very thin basement membrane underlying its epithelium
b- contains irregular cartilage plates in its wall
c- contains few skeletal muscles in its wall
d- is lined by an epithelium containing only two cell types
(CORRECT/ e )
6- Where do you find: (June,91).
a- Clara cells.
b- Dust cells .
c- Bowman’s glands
7- Define (June,94-Mid,98)
a- Clara cells
b- Heart failure cells
c- Sustentacular cells
8- Bronchi
a- contain seromucous glands in their submucosa
b- contain cartilage in their walls
c- are lined by an epithelium containing ciliated cells
d- have secretory (Clara) cells as part of their epithelium
(CORRECT/ a-b & c)
9- Bronchi
a- contain seromucous glands
b- contains cartilage plates in their walls
c- are lined by an epithelium containing ciliate cells
57
d- covered by a thin adventitia

e- all of the above
( ALL -CORRECT/ e)
10- Intrapulmonary bronchi

a- have C-shaped cartilage in their walls
b- lack smooth muscle
c- are lined in part by Clara cells
d- have irregular cartilage plates in their walls
e- are lined by a simple squamous epithelium
(CORRECT/ d)
11- Intrapulmonary bronchi

a- are supported by C-shaped cartilages in their walls
b- are not supported by cartilages in their walls.
c- are lined with simple columnar epithelium through which the ducts of
compound mucous glands pass.
d- are lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells.
e- have a layer of spiralling smooth muscle external to the submucosa
(CORRECT/ d)
12- Bronchioles
a- contain no glands
b- contain no cartilage
c- contain no goblet cells
d- all of the above.
(CORRECT/ d)
13- Bronchiole
a- it is lined with simple ciliated columnar epithelium.
b- no goblet cells & presence of clara cells
c- The muscle layer is circularly arranged
d- there are no glands
e- there is no cartilage
(All -CORRECT/a-b-c- d & e)
14- In section of the bronchiole you can see
a- hyaline cartilage.
b- lymphatic nodules.
c- smooth muscle fibers.
d- mucous glands
e- goblet cells.
(CORRECT/ c )
a- are part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system
b- function in gaseous exchange
c- contain ciliated cells
d- have irregular cartilage plates in their walls
(CORRECT/ a & c)
a- are lined with ciliated cuboidal cells mixed with goblet cells.
58
b- are lined with a mixture of ciliated and nonciliated cells.

c- do not contain any visible mucus-secreting cells or glands.
d- support some respiratory alveoli from their walls.
e- distally connect directly with alveolar ducts.
(CORRECT/ b & c)
17- The lining epithelium of terminal bronchioles is (Zagazig,96)
a- simple cubical ciliated with goblet cells
b- simple cubical ciliated with no goblet cells
c- simple columnar ciliated with goblet cells
d- Pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells
e- None of the above
(CORRECT/b)
18- The respiratory bronchiole (June,97-Mid,98)
a- permits limited gaseous exchange
b- does not have alveoli forming part of its wall
c- contains Calara cells in its lining epithelium
d- forms part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system
(CORRECT/ a & c)
19- Gas exchange occurs in the

a- primary bronchi
b- respiratory bronchiole
c- terminal bronchiole
d- secondary bronchi
(CORRECT/ b )
20- Respiratory bronchioles
a-does not have alveoli forming part of its wall
b- contains simple cuboidal epithelium in its lining epithelium
c- forms part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system
d- are not capable for gas exchanges
e- have thick wall
(CORRECT/ b )
21- Mention the epithelium of the following:
a- Trachea
b- Bronchi
c- Bronchioles
d- Respiratory bronchiole
Alveoli
1- Alveoli (Mid,98)
a- contain elastic fibers in their walls
b- permit gaseous exchange between the air and the blood
c- contain reticular fibers in their walls
d- are lined by a simple squamous epithelium
(All-CORRECT)
2- Alveoli
59
a- contain elastic fibers in their interalveolar septum

b- permit gaseous exchange between the air and the blood
c- are lined by more than one cell type
d- contain reticular fibers in their interalveolar septum
e- all of the above
(All-CORRECT e )
3- Alveolar macrophages (Mid,98)
a- are multinucleated
b- originate from blood neutrophils
c- are phagocytic
d- are not present in the intralveolar septum
e- are identical to type 2 pneumocytes
(CORRECT/ c & d)
4- Alveolar macrophages
a- are derived from neutrophils
b- are phagocytic
c- are present in the intralveolar septum
d- secrete surfactant
e- are called pneumocyte type 11
(CORRECT/ b )
5- Alveoli are present in the following locations except
a- in alveolar sacs
b- in respiratory bronchioles
c- in alveolar ducts
d- in terminal bronchioles
e- where the blood-air barrier exists
((EXCEPT / d)
6- Gas exchange occurs in the: (June,2000)

b- alveolar ducts.
c- alveolar sacs.
d- alveoli.
(All-CORRECT / e )
7- Type 1 pneumocytes
a- are more numerous than Type 2
b- are joined to each other by tight junctions
c- are rich in mitochondria
d- have tall prominent surface microvilli
e- are very resistant to inhaled toxins
(CORRECT / b )
8- Type 2 pneumocyte
a- have surface microvilli
b- are flat attenuated cells
c- are stem cells which can produce new Type 1 and Type 2 pneumocytes
d- can become detached to act as intra-alveolar macrophages
e- contain multi-lamellate bodies in their cytoplasm
60
(CORRECT / a –c & e )
9- One of the main EM features of pneumocyte type 2 is

a- abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).
b- many smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).
c- apical small dense lysosomal granules.
d- large electron dense multilamellar granules.
e- long microvilli.
(CORRECT / d )
10- Blood air barrier is formed of all the following Except:

a- a film of surfactant on the alveolar surface
b- cytoplasm of Type 1 alveolar cells.
c- cytoplasm of Type 2 alveolar cells.
d- fused basal laminae.
e- cytoplasm of capillary endothelium.
((EXCEPT / c)
11- Interalveolar septa of the human lung

a- normally contain a rich capillary network.
b- contain a supporting framework of elastic and collagenous fibers.
c- lack perforations or pores.
d- contain, as the thinnest blood-air barrier of the lung, in sequence: capillary
endothelial cell, fused basal laminae of the latter and next epithelium,
attenuated epithelium of the alveolar lining cell, and a thin film of fluid.
e- contain, as the thinnest blood-air barrier of the lung, in sequence: basal lamina
of capillary endothelial cell, interstitial tissue, basal lamina of alveolar llining
cell, attenuated epithelial cell of the alveolar wall, and a thin film of fluid.
(CORRECT / a & d )
12- Surfactant is secreted by

a- type 1 pneumocytes
b- type 2 pneumocytes
c- goblet cells
(CORRECT/b)
13- In premature infants respiratory distress syndrome is due to

a- vasoconstriction of smooth muscles of the bronchioles.
b- collapse of the bronchi.
c- destruction of blood air barrier.
d- lack of surfactant.
e- increase in the secretion of glucocorticoids.
(CORRECT/ d )
14- Fetal lung (Sept.,97)

a- appears lobulated with collapsed alveoli
b- floats on the surface of water
c- all of the above
61
d- non of the above
CORRECT/ a)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:Questions
Muscular Tissue:
1- E/M. picture of myofibrils.(May,Sept.,93-June,98-Mid,April,99—June,2000-2001)

2- Give a short note on the following: (June,92)
a- Sarcomere, E/M (Tanta,93-99-2000-June,99-Zagazig,2000)
b- Dark & light bands.(June,99)
3- Cardiac muscle. (Cairo,83-Tanta,89).
4- Give an account of intercalated disc.(Tanta,85-June,92)
5- Give an account of junctional complexes in the cardiac muscle. (Tanta,85-90 )
6- Describe and mention difference of cardiac and skeletal muscle (Sept.,98)
7- Histological characteristics of Purkinje muscle fibers.(Cairo,84-86-Sept, 97 Mid,98).
8- Histological characteristics of Cardiac muscle and Purkinje muscle fibers.
(Cairo,89-Mansoura,99-Sept.,99).
9- Histological characteristics of Cardiac muscle and conducting system of the heart
including Purkinje muscle fibers.(Tanta,97).
10- L/M &E/M of smooth muscle cell.(Tanta,89-2000).
11- Muscle spindle (Sept.,99- Mid,2001)
12- Motor end plate at E/M.(Zagazig,93)
13- Mention the histological characteristics of different types of muscles and draw
a diagram of one of them . (mid,98)
14- Describe the different types of skeletal muscle fibers with reference to the
sites in human .(Zagazig,99)
15- Discuss triad (Tubular system). (Mid, 2001)
16- Discuss smooth muscle (Mid, 2001)
Nervous Tissue:
1- Types of neurons and describe the structure of perikaryon. (Cairo,93-99
Sept.,99-Mid,2000).
2- Types of nerve cells. (Mansoura,89)
3- Give an account on nissl’s bodies. (Tanta,82)
4- Types of neurons and examples for each (June,97-Cairo,86)
5- Types of neurons and mention one locality for each (Desc.,93)
6- Main types of multipolar nerve cells, Mention one locality for
each type. .(Cairo,84).
7- Draw only a labeled diagram of a neuron. (Cairo,84).
8- Differences between axon and dendrites. (Mid,April,98-99- Tanta ,99-
June,2000-)
9- The synapse.(June,98-Zagazig,2000)
10- The different types of synapse. Describe its E/M features.(Zagazig,93)
11- Spinal ganglion.(Tanta,89).
12- Differences between spinal & sympathetic ganglion. (Cairo,83
Menoufia,91-92-93-96-99- Tanta, 97).
13- Sympathetic ganglion (Sept.,97-June,2000).
62
14- Types of degeneration, site of occurance and stain. (Menoufia,91).

15- Degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerves (Tanta,90).
16- Blood brain barrier (Tanta,90).
17- Write short notes on (Tanta,90).
a- chromatolysis
b- Traumatic degeneration
18- Main function of Neuroglia. .(Cairo,84)
19- Types of neuroglia cells and their function.(Cairo,Mid,86)
20- Neuroglia. (Banha,99) - Neuroglia proper – (Mid, 2001)
21- Write an account of protoplasmic astrocytes. (Mansoura,99)
22- Endings in connective tissue.(June,96)
23- Endings in epithelium
24- Receptors concerned with touch (Tant,94)
Answer you must discuss :
a- Merkel’s tactile corpuscles ( in epidermis)
b- Meissner’s corpuscles ( in dermal papillae)
c- Peritrichial corpuscles (around hair follicles)
d- Pacinian corpuscles ( for deep touch) in deep dermis , hypodrmis and
stroma of skeletal muscles.
25- Endings in muscular tissue

26- Enumerate encapsulated nerve endings and
Describe one of them (site, structure and function) .(Zagazig,99)
The skin:
1- Enumerate only the four main types of cells present in the
epidermis of skin. (Cairo,Mid,84-Zagazig,2000).
2- Structure of thick non-hairy skin and nerve endings in it
(Cairo,89-90).
3- The epidermis of thick skin and mention the receptors present in it.
(June,98-Mid,April,99-Zagazig,93- Mid , Tanta & June,2000-2001)
4- The epidermis of thick skin and mention the difference between it and thin
Skin.(June,96-97)
5- Describe hair follicle (TS) (Tanta ,91)
6- The structure of the dermis of thick skin, with reference to its blood supply.
(Zagazig,93)
7- The difference between Melanocytes and Melanophores.(May,93)
8- The difference between sweat and sebaceous glands .
The Cardio-Vascular System:

1- The histologial characteristics of the aorta. (Cairo,Mid,84-Menoufia,91-Zagazig,2000
June,2000).
2- The histologial characteristics of:
a- large elastic artery
b- Inferior Vena Cava
c- Coronary artery
d- Basilar artery
3- An example of large elastic artery(June,98)
63
4- The histologial differences between medium sized artery

and vein.(June,90-97-Tanta,90-Sept.,98-June,99-2001,Sept.,99).
5- The histologial differences between muscular and elastic artery (Tanta, 96)
6- Describe the structure of different types of blood capillaries at E/M level
and their functions. (Zagazig,93)
7- functions of A.V. anastomosis.June,91)
8- Discuss the different types of connections between arteries and veins.
(June,92-Mansoura,99)
9- Describe blood supply the skin (plexuses, arterio-venous anastomosis, glomus).
(Zagazig,99).
10- Describe the differences between blood capillaries and sinusoids (Tanta,99) .
The Lymphatic System:

1- Giving a section of a lymphatic organ, how would you identify it as
a lymph node, a spleen, or a tonsil by mentioning two characteristics
of each and drawing only one diagram for any(Mid,98 June,2001).
2- Giving a section of a lymphatic organ, how would you identify it as
a lymph node, a spleen, or a tonsil by mentioning two characteristics
of each and describe only one of them (June,99)
3- Lymph node. (June,90-95).
4- Structure of a lymph node with a particular reference to the functions of its
cellular components (Tanta, 97).
5- Structure of Lymph node and splenic circulation. (Mansoura,89-
Cairo,90-Menoufia,91).
6- Difference between lymph node and spleen (Sept.,98)
7- Structure of the spleen and splenic circulation (June,92-93-2000)
8- Splenic circulation. (Tanta,89).
9- Splenic pulp. (Tanta,87-99-2000)
10- Draw a labeled diagram of the spleen.(Mansoura,99)
11- Write a detailed account of tonsils.(May,93-96-97)
12- Palatine tonsil. (Cairo,93-Sept.,99)
13- Blood thymic barrier.(Tanta, 90-99-2000-June,91).
14- Describe the components and function of the thymus. (Zagazig,93-2000-June,93)
Immune System:
1- Describe the protective mechanisms of the body with reference to immune
response.
The reticulo-Endothelial System:

1- Enumerate the reticulo-endothelial cells, their sites and function.
(June,90-93).
2- What is reticulo-endothelial macrophages system.(June,91).
3- How can we demonstrate the reticulo-endothelial cells.
The Respiratory System:

1- Olfactory mucous membrane. (Mansoura,89-June,93-98-2000).
2- Epithelial lining of lung alveoli. (June,90-Sept.,99).
4- Different types of cells of respiratory epithelium (Tanta, 96-99)
5- Epithelial lining of conducting portion of the respiratory system (Zagazig,96)
6- Describe blood air barrier. (June,91-2000).
64
7- Epithelial lining of lung alveoli (LM & EM) and blood air barrier.
(Zagazig,93)
7- Epithelial lining of lung alveoli and blood air barrier (June,95-97-99)
8- Describe trachea.(Tanta,91-June,93-95)
9- Describe the difference between extrapulmonary bronchus and intrapulmonary
bronchus.
10- Describe the difference between intrapulmonary bronchi and bronchioles.
(Tanta,84)
11- Write short notes on the bronchial tree.(Jun,96)
12- What are the histological characteristics of an intrapulmonary bronchus
of the lung (Tanta,84)
13- Describe the respiratory portion of the respiratory tract.
14- Write an account on lung bronchioles. (Mansoura,99)
15- Discuss the origin and fate of dust cells of the lung (Tanta,84)
16- Alveolar phagocytes. (Tanta,84- 97)
17- Heart failure cells . (Tanta,84- 97)
18- Fetal lung and difference between it and adult lung (Mid, 94)
‫أسئلة عامة على مقرر الفصل الدراسي الثانى‬
‫الفرقة األولى‬
MEDICAL STUDENTS
First YEAR
PART II
65
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1

First year second term:

5- Tissues and tissue components closely associated within a fascicle of

7- Myofibrils of skeletal muscle have the following characters except:

9- Z lines (June,97-Mid, April,98-99)

11- The H zone is (Sept.,98-June,99)

16- The regulatory proteins are

17- The dark bands are (June, 93-94)

18- The dark bands of skeletal muscle

23- The triad of skeletal muscle is composed of (Mid,2001)

b- form part of the diads found in cardiac muscle

29- Red skeletal muscle fibers

1- Cardiac muscle tissue(Sept.,97)

c- striated and involuntary

7- Cardiac muscle cells (June,98)

8- Cardiac muscle cells

9- Cardiac muscle cells(Mid,April,98-Mid,99)

c- can regenerate following cell damage

10- An intercalated disc (June,98-Mid,April,99)

14- The impulse conducting system is present in (Mid,2001)

1- Smooth muscle cells (June,98-2000)

x b- use actin and myosin to develop contractile forces

2- Smooth muscle cells

9- In smooth muscle cells (Mid,99)

12- Sarcolemma of smooth muscle

14-Myofibroblasts, Pericytes and Myoepithelial cells are all types of

d- pericytes may assume the role of primitive mesenchymal cells

1- Neural crest cells give rise to

2- Nervous tissue is drived from

3- Bipolar nerve cells are found

4- Pseudounipolar neurons are present in (Mid,2001)

1- Cellular processes with many synapses that conduct nervous impulses

4- Neuronal cytoplasmic process called dendrites (Mid, June,2001)

5- Dendrites carry: (Sept.,93)

6-The axon hillock (June,97)

7- The axoplasm contains

10- Cytoplasmic transport within axoplasm typically can be

12- The perineurium

13- The perineurium (Mid,2000)

16- Myelin (Mid,April,98-Sept.,99-June,2001)

18- Osmic acid is specific to show (Sept.,98(June,99)

19- Non- myelinated nerve fibers (Zagazig,98-Mid,99)

20- Myelinated nerve fibers (Zagazig,98)

21- Myelinated nerve fibers

22- Node of Ranvier

23- Immediately external to the myelin sheath of a peripheral nerve

25- In the peripheral nervous system

26- In the peripheral nervous system

27- Tracts of CNS are:

28- Non-myelinated nerve fibers (Sept.,97)

1- The ganglia: (Mid, 2001 b)

d- contain pseudounipolar nerve cells

2- Wallerian degeneration occurs in : (Sept.,93)

3- Wallerian degeneration is changes which occur in the:

d- all of the above

10- During chromatolysis

d- The nucleus becomes eccentric in the perikaryon

1- Neuroglial cells include(June,97-98-Mid,April,99)

2-- Neuroglial cells include the following except:

3- Fibrous astrocytes are (June,95-Mid,99)