Questions Answers Topic 5

Solution to Extra Questions
Question 1
Given are five observations for two variables, x and y.
xi 1 2 3 4 5
yi 3 7 5 11 14
a) Develop a scatter diagram for these data

b) What does the scatter diagram developed in part (a) indicate about the relationship
between the two variables?
c) Try to approximate the relationship between x and y by drawing a straight line
through the data.
d) Develop the estimated regression equation by computing the values of b0 and
b1 .
e) Use the estimated regression equation to predict the value of y when x = 4.
Solution 2
a)
16
14
12
10
8 Series1
4
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
b) There appear to be a linear relationship between x and y.
c) Mnany straight lines could be drawn to approximate the relationship between x and y;
in part d) we will determine the equation of a straight line that best represents the
relationship according to the least squares criterion.
d. Summation needed to compute the slope and y-intercept:
x y  x  x  y i  y  = 26,  x  x  = 10
2
i  15 i = 40, i i
b1 
  x  x  y  y   26  26
i i
 x  x 2
i
10
b0  y  b1 x  8  ( 2.6)(3)  0.2
yˆ  0.2  2.6 x
e) yˆ  0.2  2.6(4)  10.6
Question 2
Given are five observations for two variables, x and y.
xi 2 3 5 1 8
yi 25 25 20 30 16
f) Develop a scatter diagram for these data

g) What does the scatter diagram developed in part (a) indicate about the relationship
between the two variables?
h) Try to approximate the relationship between x and y by drawing a straight line
through the data.
i) Develop the estimated regression equation by computing the values of b0 and
b1 .
j) Use the estimated regression equation to predict te value of y when x = 6.
Solution 2
a)
35
30
25
Series1
20 Series2
15 Series3
Series4
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
b) There appear to be a linear relationship between x and y.
c) Mnany straight lines could be drawn to approximate the relationship between x and y;
in part d) we will determine the equation of a straight line that best represents the
relationship according to the least squares criterion.
d. Regression equation:
yˆ  30.33  1.88 x
e) 26.566
Question 3
The data from Exercise 1 follow:
xi 1 2 3 4 5
yi 3 7 5 11 14
The estimated regression for these data is yˆ  0.2  2.6 x
a) Compute SSE, SST, and SSR

b) Compute the coefficient of determination r 2 . Comment on the goodness of fit.
c) Compute the sample correlation coefficient.
Solution 3
a) ˆ  0 .2  2 .6 x
y and y  8
xi yi

yi  yi  y i   yi  y i  2  yi  y   yi  y  2
1 3 2.8 0.2 0.04 -5 25

2 7 5.4 1.6 2.56 -1 1
3 5 8.0 -3.0 9.00 -3 9
4 11 10.6 0.4 0.16 3 9
5 14 13.2 0.8 0.64 6 36
SSE = 12.4 SST = 80
SSR = SST – SSE = 80 – 12.4 = 67.6
SSR 67.6
b) r 2    0.845
SST 80
The least squares line provided a good fit: 84.5% of the variability in y has been
explained by the least squares line
c) r 0.845  0.9192
Question 4.
Data from exercise 1 follow
xi 1 2 3 4 5
yi 3 7 5 11 14
a) Compute the mean square error.

b) Compute the estimate of  .
c) Compute the estimated standard deviation of b1 .
H 0 : 1  0
d) Use the t test to test the following hypotheses (   0.05 ):
Ha :  1  0
e) Use the F test to test the hypotheses in (d) at a 0.05 level of significance.
Solution 4
SSE 12.4
a) s 2  MSE    4.133
n2 3
b) s MSE  4.133  2.033
s 2.033
c)  x i  x   10
2 sb1 
 x i  x
2

10
 0.643
b1  1 2.6  0
d) t    4.04
sb1 0.643
t 0.025 = 3.182 (3 degrees of freedom)
SSR
f) MSR =  67.6
1
MSR 67.6
F    16.36
MSE 4.133
F0.05 = 10.13 (1 degree of freedom numerator and 3 denominator)
Because F = 16.36 > F0.05 = 10.13, we reject H 0 :  1  0 .
Question 5
Data from question 2 follow:
xi 2 3 5 1 8
yi 25 25 20 30 16
a) Compute the mean square error.

b) Compute the estimate of  .
c) Compute the estimated standard deviation of b1 .
H 0 : 1  0
d) Use the t test to test the following hypotheses (   0.05 ):
Ha :  1  0
e) Use the F test to test the hypotheses in (d) at a 0.05 level of significance.
Solution 5
a) 2.11
b) 1.453
c) 0.262
d) Significant
SSE = 6.33 SST= 114.5 SSR = SST – SSE = 108.47
F = MSR/MSE = 108.47 / 2 .1 = 51.7

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Solution to Extra Questions

Given are five observations for two variables, x and y.

a) Develop a scatter diagram for these data

b) There appear to be a linear relationship between x and y.

e) yˆ  0.2  2.6(4)  10.6

Given are five observations for two variables, x and y.

f) Develop a scatter diagram for these data

b) There appear to be a linear relationship between x and y.

The data from Exercise 1 follow:

The estimated regression for these data is yˆ  0.2  2.6 x

a) Compute SSE, SST, and SSR

1 3 2.8 0.2 0.04 -5 25

SSE = 12.4 SST = 80

SSR = SST – SSE = 80 – 12.4 = 67.6

Data from exercise 1 follow

a) Compute the mean square error.

a) Compute the mean square error.

SSE = 6.33 SST= 114.5 SSR = SST – SSE = 108.47

F = MSR/MSE = 108.47 / 2 .1 = 51.7

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