Feasibility Study, Analayze and Assessment of Electrical Bike Usage Based On Locating of Parkings, Case Study Region No. 22 of Tehran
Feasibility Study, Analayze and Assessment of Electrical Bike Usage Based On Locating of Parkings, Case Study Region No. 22 of Tehran
Feasibility Study, Analayze and Assessment of Electrical Bike Usage Based On Locating of Parkings, Case Study Region No. 22 of Tehran
ISSN: 2458-925X
Vol. 2 Issue 7, July - 2016
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Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science Studies (JMESS)
ISSN: 2458-925X
Vol. 2 Issue 7, July - 2016
IV. THE DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES (DER) The impact of the reducing the losses on the
objective function has been modeled in equation (2)
Environmental protection issues and the technology
development caused the application of some 𝑃1 = 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠−𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑡
distributed energy resources (DER), such as internal
combustion (IC) engines, gas turbines, micro turbines, 𝑃2 = 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠−𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑡 (2)
photovoltaic, fuel cells and wind-power, which have
𝑁
emerged within the distribution system [4].
Venkataramanan and Illindala conducts that a lead– F2 = K ∑ Max (0 , P1 − P2)
acid battery is considered the most suitable for MG 𝑖=1
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and simultaneously the following conditions of the 𝐹1 : The variable which shows the status of profile
operation should be considered: voltage
𝑣𝑖 : Voltage of ith bus
1. Transfer of power from bus i to bus j
𝑁: Number of system buses
Apparent power crossing the lines according to 𝐹2 : Losses of the system (w)
equation (7) must be less than the maximum authorized
𝑅𝑏 : Resistance of bth branch
pow er transmission lines and distribution transformer of
the considered grid. 𝐼𝑏 : Current of bth branch
𝐵: Number of system branches
𝑆(𝑖 ′ ,𝑗 ′ ) ≤ Average of 𝐹3 : THD voltage of the system
𝑇𝐻𝐷𝑖 : THD Voltage of I th Bus
𝑆(𝑖 ′ ,𝑗 ′ )𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑍1 : W eighting of the voltage profile
𝑍2 : Weighting of the losses
(7) Z3: Weighting of THD Voltage at objective function
2. Range of voltage in each bus F: Objective function
According to equation (8) all bus voltage should be in VI. EFFECT OF ELECTRIC BIKE PARKINGS ON THD
the range of standard voltage VOLTAGE
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≤ 𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠 ≤ 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 Parkings of electrical bike is counted as a harmonic
(8) source because of the existence of power electrics
devices such as inverters and they increase the THD
3. The voltage profile index voltage of the grid. Simulink MATLAB is used for the
One of the benefits of optimal locating of distributed modeling of the effect of Parking on THD voltage of the
generation is “improved voltage profile” [10]. Employing grid
these indexes causes the definition of optimized locate 5.1. Algorithm of calculation of THD
and capacity so that the bus voltages do not be different
from nominal value. Therefore, whatever the index is A 9 bus system in Simulink of MATLAB has been
closer to zero, the better network performance. This simulated. This system is modeled with 9 parkings
index is defined as shown in equation (9). which each parking is connected to a bus.
𝑉 −𝑉 While Genetic Algorithm is performed, the independent
𝑉𝑃𝐼 = max( 𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑠 ) (9) variable has saved the buses which parkings are
𝑉𝑛
installed on with the capacity of each one. Independent
Also according to equation (10) locating of charging variable of X enters in CostFun in order to define the
stations is done in such a way that the index is less than cost. In CostFun the information function of THD-Fun is
a maximum considered value[3-5]. recalled and the THD voltage of buses are calculated as
𝑉𝑃𝐼 ≤ 𝑉𝑃𝐼 𝑚𝑎𝑥 per equation (4). The procedure of THD-Fun starts with
(10) preparing a backup of System9Buses.slx which is a
simulating file and then holds the parkings related to
available buses in vector x and deletes the other
4. Parking capacity parkings. The simulation is performed in the next stem
and the THD voltage of system buses are calculated
Considering the number of the existing electrical bikes and finally, it delivers the average in output.
in the studies region and the other conditions the The losses and value of the system voltage is calculated
maximum capacity of the parking cannot be more than by backward_forward_sweep.m.
a defined value[6] . This limitation is shown in equation
(11).
5.2 The specification od the studied region: Region
𝐶𝑃 (𝑘 ) ≤ 𝐶𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 (𝑘) (11) No. 22 of Tehran
5. Optimized locating of electrical bike
The purpose of optimized electrical bike locating is Region No. 22 of Tehran is located in North-West of
reduce of system losses, improvement of grid voltage Tehran and its area is 6000 hectares of urban area and
profile and minimizing the THD voltage[9-10] . 30,000 hectare of suburbs. Daily population growth and
𝑀𝑖𝑛: 𝐹 = 𝑍1 𝐹1 + 𝑍2 𝐹2 + 𝑍3 𝐹3 (12) economical extensive developments have great
Where: reflection in physical changes of Tehran, and one of its
𝐹1 = ∑𝑁 𝑖=1(𝑣𝑖 − 1)
2
(13) results is the formation of District 22, which whit any
doubt was the greatest and vastest urban development
𝐹2 = ∑𝐵𝑏=1 𝑅𝑏 ∗ 𝐼𝑏 2 (14)
linked to Tehran. With approximately 10000 Hectares
1
𝐹3 = 𝑁 ∑𝑁𝑖=1 𝑇𝐻𝐷𝑖 (15) area, this region has been created for resolve definition
of western areas of Tehran and also displacing the
people who live in central Tehran’s worn-out regions
and accommodation parts of Tehran city’s population.
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In the last 30 years, District 22 of Tehran covered acknowledge of the region. Table No.1 shows the travel
special construction activities of planning and of people sorted by gender.
implementation and since frothy decade, construction of
this area came to Tehran practitioners and
manufacturer’s attention. TABLE 1- TRAVEL OF PEOPLE SORTED BY GENDER
10 km and
Age range
area has been define as a new city and named Kan New
comment
5-10 km
City, and it’s domain has been designed by
Gender
0-5 km
Total
Farmanfarmayan Consulting Engineers and Partners.
No
up
From 1340 to 1358 approximately 20% of these
territories has been breakdown and found partial 14- 68 1 15 3 %5 1 10 2 19
owners and the rest of the lands was divided into large 20 % 3 % %
pieces (1000 meters). After the victory of Islamic
Revolution, Farmanfarmayan and Firouzgar were 20- 31 9 10 3 17 5 19 1 29
nationalized and some of them were assigned to the 30 % % % % 2
Urban Land Organization and 500 hectares of them
35 1 19 6 35 1 %9 3 31
Female
announced as endowment by Ayatollah Mola Ali Kani 30
and % 1 % % 1
who was the owner of these lands since Qajar era. up
During the war between Iran and Iraq, because of
easy accessing, 25% of lands of this area was used by 14- 65 1 18 5 25 7 14 4 27
20 % 1 % % %
military organizations for construction, and in some part
of these area housing cooperatives began to make
20- 25 5 %5 1 %5 1 20 4 20
settlements. When Authorities confronted with
30 % 0 %
problems of the city and concluded that it is possible to
convert this part of city to an area consistent with the 30 15 4 %7 2 61 1 15 4 26
patterns of urbanization, and according to the possibility % % 6 %
Male
and
of Tehran city extension in District 22, which was has up
been foreseen in the Comprehensive plan of Tehran,
Municipality of Tehran decided to add the North-West Total 34 5 13 2 32 5 21 2 152
lands of Tehran into the services area of the city, so in % 3 % 0 % 0 % 3
1370 and according to the recommendation of High
Council of Urban, the Master plan of District 22 was put
on the Bavand Company agenda, with aiming of According the above table, considering the value of
restoring the lost concepts such as identity, legibility of travel less than 10 km for the society, electrical bike
orientation and positioning for perfect urban spaces. In
could be a proper vehicle for everyday trips of people.
1373, studies made by Bavand Company were
approved as the Master Plan of District 22. After the Figure 2 shows the interest of people habited in the
approval of master plan, its implementation was faced region in the sportive activities and the activities related
by various issues, which according to the actual to riding bicycle.
necessity was reviewed by Bavand and Arman Shahr
Company again, and the new master plan was Table 2 shows the riding bicycle skills in the region.
approved by Section 5 Commission, and finally after
years of effort and study, the Master Plan of District 22
was delivered by Section 5 Commission in 1379/06/08,
and Municipality of District22 was officially activated.
From 6200 hectares of this area, 1365 hectares
belong to green area and park, 62 hectares belong to
educational spaces, 168 hectares belong to higher
education, 238 hectares belong to services, 327
hectares belong to sport spaces, 355 hectares belong
to lake, and 162 hectares are residential. Residential
density divided in three categories which are Low
density (100 units per hectare), Medium density (135
units per hectare) and High density (200 units per
hectare).
6.1 Collected relevant statistics and information
through the questionnaire
In order to analyze the feasibility study and
implement of using electrical bike, some questionnaires Fig. 2. Interest of people in sportive activities
have been prepared and the information and statistics
have been collected which resulted in better
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comment
Is skilled
range
Weak
Total
No
Female 14-20 %35 7 %65 13 19
14-20 %73 14 %27 5 -- - 19
- 20-30 %27 8 %72 21 29
30
and - Male 14-20 %59 16 %41 11 27
up
20-30 %15 3 %85 16 20
14-20 %100 27 --- -- -- - 27
- 30 and %53 14 %67 12 26
up
20-30 %100 20 --- -- -- - 20
- Total %39 59 %61 93 152
30 %84 22 %3 1 %11 3 26
Male
and
up
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0.95
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