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    Answers - HTML: Basic Linux Commands

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    Pavel Varabyou
    This document provides a summary of basic Linux commands organized into categories such as file management, file permissions, user management, networking, processes, and VI editing. It lists common commands like ls, cd, mkdir, rm, chown, ping, top, ps, kill, i, a, and ESC and provides a brief description of what each command does. The document is intended as a quick reference guide to help users learn basic Linux commands and their functions.

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    Answers - HTML: Basic Linux Commands

    Uploaded by

    Pavel Varabyou
    59 views4 pages
    This document provides a summary of basic Linux commands organized into categories such as file management, file permissions, user management, networking, processes, and VI editing. It lists common commands like ls, cd, mkdir, rm, chown, ping, top, ps, kill, i, a, and ESC and provides a brief description of what each command does. The document is intended as a quick reference guide to help users learn basic Linux commands and their functions.

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    Linux Basic Commands

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    This document provides a summary of basic Linux commands organized into categories such as file management, file permissions, user management, networking, processes, and VI editing. It lists common commands like ls, cd, mkdir, rm, chown, ping, top, ps, kill, i, a, and ESC and provides a brief description of what each command does. The document is intended as a quick reference guide to help users learn basic Linux commands and their functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as odt, pdf, or txt
    59 views4 pages

    Answers - HTML: Basic Linux Commands

    Uploaded by

    Pavel Varabyou
    This document provides a summary of basic Linux commands organized into categories such as file management, file permissions, user management, networking, processes, and VI editing. It lists common commands like ls, cd, mkdir, rm, chown, ping, top, ps, kill, i, a, and ESC and provides a brief description of what each command does. The document is intended as a quick reference guide to help users learn basic Linux commands and their functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as odt, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    https://www.guru99.

    com/linux-interview-questions-
    answers.html

    Basic Linux commands


    Command Description
    ls Lists all files and directories in the present
    working directory
    ls-R Lists files in sub-directories as well
    ls-a Lists hidden files as well
    ls-al Lists files and directories with detailed
    information like permissions,size, owner, etc.
    cd or cd ~ Navigate to HOME directory
    cd .. Move one level up
    cd To change to a particular directory
    cd / Move to the root directory
    cat > filename Creates a new file
    cat filename Displays the file content
    cat file1 file2 > file3 Joins two files (file1, file2) and stores the
    output in a new file (file3)
    mv file "new file path" Moves the files to the new location
    mv filename new_file_name Renames the file to a new filename
    sudo Allows regular users to run programs with the
    security privileges of the superuser or root
    rm filename Deletes a file
    man Gives help information on a command
    history Gives a list of all past commands typed in the
    current terminal session
    clear Clears the terminal
    mkdir directoryname Creates a new directory in the present working
    directory or a at the specified path
    rmdir Deletes a directory
    mv Renames a directory
    pr -x Divides the file into x columns
    pr -h Assigns a header to the file
    pr -n Denotes the file with Line Numbers
    lp -nc , lpr c Prints "c" copies of the File
     lp-d lp-P Specifies name of the printer
    apt-get Command used to install and update packages
    mail -s 'subject' -c 'cc-address'
    -b 'bcc-address' 'to-address' Command to send email
    mail -s "Subject" to-address < Command to send email with attachment
    Command Description
    Filename

    File Permission commands


    Command Description
    ls-l to show file type and access permission
    r read permission
    w write permission
    x execute permission
    -= no permission
    Chown user For changing the ownership of a file/directory
    Chown user:group filename change the user as well as group for a file or
    directory

    Environment Variables command


    Command Description
    echo $VARIABLE To display value of a variable
    env Displays all environment variables
    VARIABLE_NAME= variable_value Create a new variable
    Unset Remove a variable
    export Variable=value To set value of an environment variable

    User management commands of linux


    Command Description
    sudo adduser username To display value of a variable
    sudo passwd -l 'username' Displays all environment variables
    sudo userdel -r 'username' Create a new variable
    sudo usermod -a -G GROUPNAME
    USERNAME Remove a variable
    sudo deluser USER GROUPNAME To set value of an environment variable
    finger Gives information on all logged in user
    finger username Gives information of a particular user
    Object 1

    Networking command
    Command Description
    SSH username@ip-address or
    hostname login into a remote Linux machine using SSH

    Ping hostname="" or ="" To ping and Analyzing network and host


    connections
    dir Display files in the current directory of a
    remote computer
    cd "dirname" change directory to "dirname" on a remote
    computer
    put file upload 'file' from local to remote computer
    get file Download 'file' from remote to local computer
    quit Logout

    Process command
    Command Description
    bg To send a process to the background
    fg To run a stopped process in the foreground
    top Details on all Active Processes
    ps Give the status of processes running for a user
    ps PID Gives the status of a particular process
    pidof Gives the Process ID (PID) of a process
    kill PID Kills a process
    nice Starts a process with a given priority
    renice Changes priority of an already running process
    df Gives free hard disk space on your system
    free Gives free RAM on your system

    VI Editing Commands
    Command Description
    i Insert at cursor (goes into insert mode)
    Command Description
    a Write after cursor (goes into insert mode)
    A Write at the end of line (goes into insert mode)
    ESC Terminate insert mode
    u Undo last change
    U Undo all changes to the entire line
    o Open a new line (goes into insert mode)
    dd Delete line
    3dd Delete 3 lines
    D Delete contents of line after the cursor
    C Delete contents of a line after the cursor and
    insert new text. Press ESC key to end insertion.
    dw Delete word
    4dw Delete 4 words
    cw Change word
    x Delete character at the cursor
    r Replace character
    R Overwrite characters from cursor onward
    s Substitute one character under cursor continue to
    insert
    S Substitute entire line and begin to insert at the
    beginning of the line
    ~ Change case of individual character
    Hope this Linux reference guide helps you!

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