B S ABDUR RAHMAN CRESCENT INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

GEC 1101 – Engineering Graphics

Tutorial – Module – 1 – Engineering Curves
1. Draw the following regular polygons of given size:
a. Pentagon of side 30 mm with a side horizontal
b. Hexagon of side 30 mm with a side vertical
2. Trace and name the locus of a moving point P, having the ratio of eccentricity 2/3 and the
distance between the fixed point focus to fixed line directrix is 50 mm. Also draw a
tangent and normal at any point on the locus.
3. Construct the cross section of a rugby ball which is an ellipse, whose major axis is equal
to 120 mm and minor axis is equal to 60 mm using concentric circles method.
4. Construct an ellipse whose major axis is equal to 120 mm and minor axis is equal to 80
mm using oblong method.
5. Construct a parabola which has the distance between directrix and vertex as 15 mm.
Also draw a tangent and normal at any point on the curve.
6. Trace and name the locus of a moving point P, having the ratio of eccentricity 4/3 and the
distance between the focus to the vertex is 40 mm. Also draw a tangent and normal at
any point on the curve.
7. A cycle wheel of 1 m diameter rolls on a straight line without slipping. Trace the locus of
point P on the circumference of the wheel which is rolling for one complete revolution.
Draw tangent and normal at any point on the curve. (assume suitable scale)
8. Construct an epicycloid generated by a rolling circle of diameter 50 mm which rolls over a
base circle of diameter 150 mm. Draw tangent and normal at any point on the curve.
9. Construct a hypocycloid generated by a rolling circle of diameter 50 mm which rolls
inside a base circle of diameter 150 mm. Draw tangent and normal at any point on the
curve.
10. Draw the curve traced out by an end of a string unwound from a regular pentagon of side
20 mm, the string being kept taut. Draw a tangent and normal to the curve at a point 100
mm from the centre of the pentagon.
11. Construct one convolution of an involute of a hexagon of side 25 mm.
12. Construct one convolution of an involute of a circle of diameter 50 mm. draw tangent and
normal at a point on the involute 100 mm distant from the centre of the circle.
 Tutorial – Module – 2
Orthographic Projections & Projection of Points

1. Draw the free hand sketches of any three appropriate views for the object shown in
figure
2. Project the following points on a common reference line.

(i) Point ‘A’ 45mm below HP and 20mm behind VP.

(ii) Point ‘B’ 40mm above HP and on VP.
(iii) Point ‘C’ both on HP and VP.
(iv) Point ‘D’, 45 mm below HP and 30 mm in front of VP.
(v) Point ‘E’, 25 mm behind VP and 30 mm above HP.
(vi) Point ‘F’, 10 mm in front of VP and 15 mm above HP.
(vii) Point ‘G’, 20 mm below HP and on VP.
(viii) Point ‘H’, on HP and 20 mm in front of VP.
(ix) Point’ I’, on VP and 15 mm below HP.
 Tutorial-Module – 3 – Projection of straight lines and planes

1. A line AB measuring 80 mm is inclined at an angle of 30° to HP and 45°to VP. Point A

is 20 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP. Draw the projection of the straight line.
Also mark the traces.

2. A line PQ, 80 mm long has its end P, 10 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. The
other end Q is 65 mm above HP and 50 mm in front of VP. Draw the projection of the
line and find its true inclination with HP and VP.

3. A line AB, has its end A, 10 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. The other end Q
is 65 mm above HP and 50 mm in front of VP. Draw the projection of the line and find
its true inclination with HP and VP if the distance between the end projectors is 40
mm.

4. A line MN, 60 mm long has its end M 30 mm above HP and 25 mm in front of VP. The
top view and front view measure 40 mm and 55 mm respectively. Draw its projections
and mark the traces.

5. The end A of a line AB is 10 mm in front of VP and 20 mm above HP. The line is

inclined at 30° to HP and front view is 45° with XY. Top view is 60 mm long. Draw the
projections. Find the true length and true inclination with VP. Locate the traces.

6. One end A of a line AB, 75 mm long is 20 mm above HP and 25 mm in front of VP.

The line is inclined at 30° to HP and the top view makes 45° with XY. Draw the
projections of the line and find the true inclination with the vertical plane.

7. The end P of a line PQ, 70 mm long is 15 mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP.

Q is 40 mm above HP. Its top view makes an angle of 45° to XY. Draw the projections
of the line and find its true inclinations with VP and HP.

8. The mid-point M of a straight line AB is 60 mm above HP and 50 mm in front of VP.

The line measures 80 mm and inclined at an angle of 30° to HP and 45° to VP. Draw
its projections.

9. End A of a line AB is 15 mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP .The front view and

top view measures 50 mm and 60 mm. The distance between the end projectors is 50
mm. Draw the projections and find true inclination and true length by the following two
methods. (i) Rotating line method (ii) Trapezoidal plane method
10. A line AB has end A on HP and end B in VP. The front view and top view measure
90 mm and 70 mm respectively. The front view makes an angle of 50° with XY. Draw
the projections and find the true length and true inclination of the line.

11. A rectangular plate of side 50 mm × 25 mm is resting on its shorter side on HP and

inclined at 30° to VP. Its surface is inclined at 60° to HP. Draw its projections.

12. A pentagon of side 30 mm rests on the ground on one of its corners with the sides
containing the corner being equally inclined to the ground .The side opposite to the
corner on which it rests is inclined at 30° to VP and is parallel to HP. The surface of
the pentagon makes 50° with the ground. Draw its projections.

13. A hexagonal plate of side 30 mm is resting with one of its sides in VP and inclined at
40° to HP. Its surface is inclined at 35°to VP. Draw its projections.

14. A circular lamina of 60 mm diameter rests on HP on a point 1 on the circumference.

The lamina is inclined to HP such that the top view of it is an ellipse of minor axis 35
mm. The top view of the diameter through the point 1 makes an angle of 45°with VP.
Draw the projections and determine the angle made by the lamina with HP.

15. A rectangular plate of side 50 mm × 25 mm is resting on its shorter side on HP and

inclined at 30° to VP. Its surface is inclined HP in such a way that the top view is a
perfect square. Draw its projections and find the surface inclination to HP.
 Tutorial – Module – 4- Projection of Solids

1. A hexagonal prism of base side 30 mm and axis height 70 mm is resting on HP

with one of its base corners in such a way that the axis of the solid is inclined at
30° to HP and parallel to VP. Draw its projections.

2. A pentagonal pyramid of base side 30 mm and axis height 60 mm is resting on HP

with one of its base sides. Draw its projections when the axis of the solid is inclined at
40° to HP and parallel to VP.

3. A cone of base diameter 60 mm and axis height 80 mm is resting on HP on one of its

base circumferential points in such a way that the generator from the resting corner
is perpendicular to HP and parallel to VP. Draw its projections.

4. A pentagonal pyramid of base side 30 mm and axis height 60 mm is resting on HP

on one of its triangular faces with axis parallel to VP. Draw its projections.

5. A hexagonal pyramid of base side 30 mm and axis height 70 mm is resting on HP

with one of its base sides in such a way that the triangular surface containing resting
side is perpendicular to both HP and VP. Draw its projections.

6. A pentagonal pyramid of base side 30 mm and axis height 60 mm is freely

suspended by a string attached to one of its base corners in such a way that the axis
of the solid is parallel to VP. Draw its projections.

7. A pentagonal prism of base side 30 mm and axis height 70 mm is resting on HP on

one of its base corners such that the faces are equally inclined to HP. Draw its
projections when its base is inclined at 50° to HP and perpendicular to VP.
8. A cylinder of base diameter 50 mm and axis 70 mm long is resting on HP with one of
its generators in such a way that the axis is inclined at 40° to VP. Draw its projections.

9. Draw the projections of a pentagonal prism of 30 mm side of base and 65 mm long. It

is lying on one of its longer edges on HP with one rectangular face perpendicular to
HP such that the axis makes 60° with VP.

10. A cone of base diameter 60 mm and axis height 70 mm has one of its generators in
VP such that the axis is parallel to HP. Draw its projections.
 Module-5 tutorial
Section of Solids & Development of Surfaces
1. A hexagonal pyramid, side of base 30 mm and height 65 mm is resting on its base on
HP with two edges parallel to VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to VP, inclined at
45o to HP and intersects the axis at a point 25 mm above the base. Draw the
sectional top view and true shape of the section.
2. A cylinder of diameter 40 mm and height 60 mm is having its axis vertical. It is cut by
a plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 30o to HP. The plane bisects the axis of
the cylinder. Draw its front view, sectional top view, and true shape of section.
3. A cone, base 25 mm diameter and axis 60 mm long, rests with its base on HP. It is
cut by section plane perpendicular to HP, inclined at 60 o to VP and at a distance of 10
mm from its axis. Draw the sectional front view and the true shape of the section.
4. A cube of 60 mm side has its base edges equally inclined to VP. It is cut by a
sectional plane perpendicular to VP, so that the true shape of cut section is a regular
hexagon. Locate the plane and determine the angle of inclination. Draw the sectional
top view.
5. A hexagonal prism, side of base 30 mm and axis 60 mm long rests with its base on
HP and one of its rectangular faces is parallel to VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular
to VP and inclined at 55o to HP and bisecting the axis. Draw the sectional top view
and the true shape of the section.
6. A regular hexagonal prism of the side of base 30 mm and height 60 mm is resting
vertically on its base on HP such that two of the sides of the base are perpendicular to
VP. It is cut by plane inclined at 35 o to HP and perpendicular to VP. The cutting plane
bisects the axis of the pyramid. Obtain the development of the lateral surface of the
truncated prism.
7. A pentagonal pyramid of base side 25 mm and altitude 50 mm rests with a base edge
parallel to VP and nearer to it. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to VP and 35° inclined
to HP and bisecting the axis. Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of the
truncated pyramid.
8. A lampshade which is formed from a cut cone of base 50 mm diameter and height 65
mm. The first cutting plane which is perpendicular to the axis and parallel to the base,
cut the cone 10 mm away from the apex. The second cutting plane cuts the cone
in a manner perpendicular to its axis, 25° inclined to its base and passing through one
of the extremities of the base. Draw the development of the lampshades lateral
surface.
9. Draw the development of the lateral surface of a square prism of 25 mm base edge
and 70 mm height, which rests on its base on HP with a base side inclined at 30o to
VP. It is cut by cutting plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 50 o to HP bisecting
the axis. Develop the surfaces of the prism.
10. A vertical chimney of 400 mm diameter joins a roof of an industry, sloping at 35o with
the horizontal. The shortest portion over the roof is 500 mm. Obtain the shape of the
sheet metal from which the chimney can be fabricated.

11. A hexagonal pyramid of base side 25 mm and height 60 mm rests vertically on HP

with one of its base sides parallel to VP. A string is wound round the surfaces of the
pyramid from the left extreme corner on the base and ending at the same point. Find
graphically the shortest length of the string required. Also trace the path of the string
in the front and top views.
 Module-6 tutorial

Isometric projection and Perspective projection

1. A sphere of radius 30 mm is kept centrally over a frustum of a square pyramid of side

80 mm at the bottom, 60 mm at the top and having a height of 70 mm. Draw the
isometric projection of the combination of solids.
2. Draw the isometric view of a hopper which is in the form of a frustum of a cone having
a base diameter 350 mm and top base diameter 600 mm. The height of the hopper is
600 mm. Use Scale 1:10.
3. A cone of base diameter 40 mm and axis height 50 mm is placed centrally on the top
of a square slab of side 60 mm and thickness 20 mm. Draw the isometric projection of
the combination of solids.
4. A cylinder of diameter 30 mm and axis length 55 mm is mounted centrally on the top
of a square slab of side 60 mm and thickness 20 mm. Draw the isometric projection of
the combination of solids.
5. Draw the isometric view of the frustum of the hexagonal pyramid shown in fig1.

Fig. 1

6. The projection of the frustum of the cone is shown in fig.2. Draw its isometric view.
 Fig 2.

7. Draw the perspective view of a square pyramid of base side 30 mm and height 45
mm, when it rests on the ground plane (GP). A edge of the base is touching the
picture plane (PP). The station point is situated at a distance of 60 mm in front of the
PP, 60 mm above the GP and lies in the central plane which is 40 mm to the right of
the axis.
8. Draw the perspective view of a square prism of base side 30 mm and height 60 mm
when its rests on the ground plane (GP) in such a way that the nearest edge of the
base is parallel to and 20 mm behind the picture plane (PP). The station point is
situated at a distance of 40 mm in front of the PP, 75 mm above the GP and lies in a
central plane which is 45 mm to the right of the axis of the prism.
9. Draw the perspective view of a cube of 40 mm side rests on ground plane (GP) on a
face such that a vertical face is parallel to and 10 mm infront of the picture plane (PP).
The station point is 40 mm in front of the PP, 50 mm above the GP and lies in the
central plane which is 65 mm to the right of the axis of the cube.
10. A square prism of base side 25 mm and height 50 mm rests on the GP with one of its
rectangular faces such that the nearest base is 10 mm in front of the PP and parallel
to it. The axis of the prism is 25 mm to the right of the station point and the station
point is 60 mm above the GP, 45 mm in front of the PP. Draw the perspective view of
the square prism.