CD#0155_Stowaways

Assessment Chapter – 43 Questions

Q - Question
A - Answer(s)

Q- For which of the following can a ship be fined? (Select all applicable answers)
A-  Arriving in port with a stowaway on board.
 Allowing a stowaway to escape.

Q- Which of the following maritime codes is generally believed to have led to a

reduction in the number of stowaways in many areas recent years?
A-  The ISPS Code.

Q- In general, which of the following situations will result in a higher fine for a
vessel and her operators?
A-  The vessel arrives in port with a stowaway on board. The stowaway is
declared to the authorities. During a busy and complex cargo operation on the
first night alongside, the stowaway disappears.

Q- According to industry representatives, what is the estimated cost of

stowaways to the shipping industry and their P&I Clubs?
A-  Around US$ 20,000,000 a year

Q- Which of the following may be among those factors taken into account when
planning the rescue of persons in distress at sea? (Select all applicable
answers).
A-  The prevailing weather conditions.
 The available light.
 The type and manoeuvring characteristics of the rescuing vessel.
 The resources available on board..
 The number of persons being rescued.
 The physical condition of those being rescued.
 The condition of the craft from which they are being recovered.

Q- Amendments to which IMO Convention first made proposals related to crew

and passenger lists and specific recommendations concerning the
administration and handling of stowaways?
A-  The Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic (1965 FAL
Convention).

Q- Which of the following is the definition of an “asylum seeker” as described in

this program?
A-  A refugee, trying to reach a country where asylum may be granted, or
economic migrants claiming asylum, so as not to be repatriated.

Q- Which of the following is the definition of an “economic migrant” as described

in this program?
A-  A person moving simply in an attempt to obtain a better standard of living.

Q- Which of the following is the definition of an “attempted stowaway”, as

described by the FAL Convention?
A-  A person who is secreted on a ship, or in cargo which is subsequently loaded
on the ship, without the consent of the shipowner or the master or any other
responsible person, and who is detected on board the ship before it has
departed from the port.

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Q- Which of the following is the correct definition of a “displaced person” as
recorded in this module?
A-  A person who as a result of the actions of the authorities, has been deported
from, or has been forced to leave the country of his or her nationality or
former habitual residence.

Q- Which of the following is a correct statement?

A-  A person cannot automatically obtain official refugee status.

Q- Which of the following sea areas, as listed in this module, has recorded large-
scale, sea-borne migrant and refugee activity since 1990? (Select all
applicable answers)
A-  The Mediterranean Sea between North Africa and southern Europe.
 The Eastern Atlantic Ocean between the Canary Islands and South-west
Spain.
 The Gulf of Aden between Somalia and Yemen.

Q- What is the essential difference between the way in which those seeking
asylum and those considered as refugees will be handled by the immigration
authorities?
A-  Asylum is usually dealt with on a case-by-case basis, while modern refugee
law is written around large-scale movements of population.

Q- You have departed Dar Es Salaam in East Africa and are bound for a European
discharge port. You discover a stowaway on board. Should he be forced into
making a claim for asylum?
A-  No.

Q- Which of the following is a principle, defined in the 1979 IMO International

Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue that must be applied to the rescue
of persons in distress at sea?
A-  Rescue must take place regardless of the nationality or status of such a
person or the circumstances in which that person is found.

Q- What action is a master, who is in receipt of information that persons are in

distress and is in a position to be able to provide assistance, required to take?
A-  He is bound to proceed with all speed to their assistance, if possible
informing them or the search and rescue services that the ship is doing so.

Q- A stowaway is discovered on board. The vessel is at sea, on passage and in

international waters. What legal rights does the stowaway have?
A-  He has a right to expect provision to be made for his security, general
health, welfare and safety until disembarkation.

Q- Whenever a stowaway is discovered on board, who is responsible for the

proper and accurate reporting of the relevant details to the authorities, the
owner, charterer and other interested parties?
A-  The master.

Q- The charterer may be liable for some or all of the costs associated with
stowaways. Under what circumstances could this be the case?
A-  Special provision may be written into the charter party, indicating that the
charterer accepts responsibility for costs when stowaways have hidden in the
charterer’s goods and boarded the vessel in that way.

Q- A ship arrives in port. There are concerns about stowaway activity in the area.
How should the master regard the level of security risk that has been declared
by the port authority?
A-  He should assess the consequent risk to the vessel of the level and adjust
his own procedures if necessary.

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Q- What significant impact did the introduction of the ISPS Code have on
statistics on stowaway activity since 2004?
A-  In ports which have successfully implemented the appropriate measures, it
has been more difficult for potential stowaways to gain access to a ship.

Q- What practical measures can be taken to prevent persons boarding illegally

and stowing away? (Select all applicable answers).
A-  Access control.
 Securing doors and spaces.
 Patrols.
 Pre-departure searches.

Q- As part of gangway security, a record of persons coming on board should be

maintained. Why will this prove of value as the ship prepares to leave?
A-  Because a check can be made that every person who boarded the vessel, has
subsequently returned to shore.

Q- Your ship is approaching port. You are assigned to secure all storage lockers,
machinery rooms, deckhouses and pumprooms not required to be open for
cargo handling or for safety reasons. What should you do before sealing each
door?
A-  Follow Enclosed Space Entry procedures and check that no ship’s personnel
are working inside.

Q- Security patrols will check that all appropriate spaces are locked. What
additional purpose do they serve?
A-  They are a visual deterrent to potential stowaways.

Q- If a person is discovered hiding in a lifeboat during the vessel’s pre-departure

search, how will he normally be considered within the law?
A-  As a trespasser.

Q- Specialist equipment for detecting concealed persons may work by measuring

which of the following? (Select all applicable answers).
A-  Elevated Carbon Dioxide (CO ) levels.
 Body heat.
 The presence of a heart-beat.

Q- You are conducting a pre-departure stowaway search. You find three men
hiding in the rope locker? What do you do?
A-  You report your finding to the Responsible Officer immediately. You do not
attempt to physically restrain the men. You secure the door to prevent their
escape. You stand by for assistance from the shore authorities.

Q- You are at sea and discover a stowaway on board. The man has no documents
or other proof of identity. How is it likely that the immigration authorities will
consider him when your ship arrives in port?
A-  As an illegal entrant.

Q- Is it recommended by the IMO “Guidelines on the allocation of responsibilities

to seek the successful resolution of stowaway cases” that a ship’s master,
having discovered stowaways on board his ship at sea, should divert from his
planned voyage to disembark them? (Select the most correct answer)
A-  No, unless he receives confirmation that repatriation has been arranged
with sufficient documentation and that permission has given for
disembarkation, or unless there are extenuating security or compassionate
reasons.

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Q- If a stowaway will not cooperate and give his identity, how might the master
establish it?
A-  He should search the stowaway’s clothing and belongings. Some clue as to
his identity may be discovered.

Q- A stowaway is discovered on board. He is very sick when found. What practical

steps may be taken by master to safeguard the health and safety of others on
board? (Select all applicable answers).
A-  Contact control, such as gloves, masks and protective eye-glasses should be
employed when searching the stowaway.
 The stowaway should be isolated.
 The stowaway should be supplied with his own bedding.
 The stowaway should be supplied with his own crockery and cutlery.
 The stowaway should be supplied with clothing and the clothing he was
wearing when discovered should be incinerated.
 The hiding place in which the stowaway had been hiding should be
disinfected.

Q- A group of stowaways is discovered in a container on board. There are three

males and one female. There are no other females on board. What is the
recommended policy on searching the female stowaway?
A-  Carry out a minimal, non-contact search and then isolate the stowaway until
proper assistance can be obtained from shore.

Q- Why should a stowaway be detained in secure quarters on board? (Select all

applicable answers).
A-  Medical grounds.
 To limit contact with the crew.
 For the stowaway’s own safety
 To lessen the chance of theft or other criminal activity.
 For the security of the ship.
 To lessen the chance of stowaway escaping.

Q- Does the master have the legal right to require a stowaway to work? (Select
the most correct answer).
A-  No.

Q- You discover three male stowaways on board. They are young, in good health
and willing to work. The ship is on her last passage before entering dry-dock
and there is a lot of preparation work in progress. Why should the master not
put the stowaways to work? (Select all applicable answers).
A-  Because it is illegal under international law.
 Because they may claim against the shipowner for wages.
 If one of the stowaways is injured in the course of work on board, he may
claim against the shipowner for compensation.
 Because the safe operation of the ship could be at risk by using untrained
labour.
 Because there may be health risks by allowing the stowaways to share work
facilities with the crew.
 Because the ship’s work routine and team set-up may be disrupted.

Q- Which of the following does the United Nations Convention on the Law of the
Sea require the master of a ship to do?
A-  He is “to render assistance to any person found at sea in danger of being
lost”.

Q- The ship is approaching a small boat, which is believed to contain a group of

refugees, with a view to rescuing them and bringing them on board. What, at
all times, must at all times be the main priority of the master?
A-  The safety of his own ship and her crew.

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Q- What is the significant legal difference between migrants and refugees that
are rescued at sea and stowaways that are found on board?
A-  Rescued migrants and refugees board a ship with the full knowledge and
permission of the master, but stowaways board a ship without such
permission and consent, intending to remain on board undetected, at least
until the vessel is at sea.

Q- A regular cargo ship is to pick up a group of 16 refugees, who have been adrift
in a small boat in the South China Sea. It will be some time before the ship
reaches her next port. Which of the following resources may be seriously
impacted by their presence on board?
A-  Food stocks.
 Water reserves.
 Medicines.
 Available living space.

Q- Which of the following is the definition of a “place of safety” by the IMO

Guidelines on the Treatment of Persons Rescued at Sea?
A-  A place where a survivor’s safety of life is no longer threatened and where
their basic human needs can be met.

Q- You arrive in port with a stowaway on board. He is not making any claim for
asylum. Before they consider permitting disembarkation, what will
immigration authorities invariably demand the stowaway produces?
A-  Valid travel documents.

Q- Which medical condition may these people be suffering from? Drag and drop
the likely condition onto the corresponding set of circumstances.

A-

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