Immature Defense Mechanisms With Examples

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Immature Defence Mechanisms

Acting out

Acting out entails a strong display of emotions or behavior in order to


hide the unacceptable underlying feelings or ideas. The displayed
outburst or action may be socially inappropriate. This results in the actual
emotion being masked.

Acting out is often seen in patients with a borderline personality


disorder or antisocial personality disorder.

Example 1: A 16-year-old boy overreacts to cover up the underlying feelings


of pain or emotional vulnerability.

Example 2: A woman whose boyfriend just broke up with her becomes
extremely sexually promiscuous to avoid dealing with the pain and the
rejection.

Denial

Avoiding an obvious aspect of reality by pretending that it is false or that it


does not exist thus blocking the external events from awareness. Facing this
aspect may be painful.

Example 1: Despite the fact that she received an official letter about the death
of her husband on the battlefield, the soldier’s wife continues to believe that
her husband will return home and keeps the house clean for him.

Example 2: A 34-year-old factory worker spends most of his salary on alcohol
and cigarettes, and claims that he only drinks and smokes occasionally,
insisting that he does not have a problem.
Regression

Reverting to a behavior that is more childlike (or otherwise younger than


age). Regression can be seen in people without any mental disabilities who
are sick or otherwise uncomfortable. Playing games can also be seen as
regressive behavior.

Example 1: After being fired from his job, the 38-year-old man comes home
and lies curled up on the bed in the fetal position.

Example 2: When the second child was born, the older 3-year-old child starts
having temper tantrums again or insists on drinking breast milk as well.

Projection

Attributing one’s own feelings, desires, or thoughts to someone else.


This is associated with or may lead to paranoia. Thoughts that are commonly
projected involve those that are likely to cause guilt such as aggressive
behavior and sexual fantasies.

Example 1: A man who had extramarital sex is convinced that it is, in fact, his
partner who is having an affair.

Example 2: A person with low self-esteem gets anxious around other people
and says that other people make her uncomfortable.

Introjection (Identification)

Emulating behaviors of someone who is perceived to be more powerful. This


is the opposite of the projection. The patterned behavior can be either
positive or negative and occurs at a subconscious level. Conscious patterning
is referred to as imitation.
Example: A typical example is children acting like parents without realizing it.

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