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    Past Modals of Deduction

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    Past Modals of Deduction

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    68 views7 pages

    Past Modals of Deduction

    Uploaded by

    Obregón Paolett

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Past modal verbs of deduction

    Grammar points » B1+ Grammar lessons and exercises » Past modal verbs of deduction

     Exercises

     Explanation
    Exercises: 1 2 3

    Exercise 1

    Choose the correct option for each gap below.

    1 Nobody knows exactly why he died. But we think it been an accident.

    340 gaps

    2I revised more for the exam. I was lazy, and now I'll fail!

    341 gaps

    3 Sarah looked very happy. She passed her driving test.

    342 gaps

    4 I didn't know you were going to Phil's party yesterday. You told me!

    343 gaps

    5 I can't believe Jim hasn't arrived yet. He taken the wrong train.

    344 gaps

    6 I can't believe Jim hasn't arrived yet. He taken the correct train.

    345 gaps

    7 You been ill yesterday. Jessie saw you at the bowling alley.

    346 gaps

    8 I don't know where they went but they gone to Paris or Marseille.

    347 gaps

    9 You paid more attention. Now we are lost.

    348 gaps

    10 The window was broken, so the thieves got in through that window.
    349 gaps

    46 2019-09-04 19:59 1567627164 340: | 341: | 342

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    Modal verbs of deduction – summary chart


     

    Modal verbs of deduction and speculation

     
    We can use some modal verbs + infinitive to talk about how certain we are that something is
    or is not true. We can also use some modal verbs + have + past participle to talk about how
    certain we are that something was or was not true in the past.
     

    must have done

     
    We use must have + past participle to say that we are quite sure that something was true or
    happened in the past.

     I can’t find my wallet! I must have dropped  it in the taxi.


     You must have had a real scare when you saw  the crocodile. 

    can’t have done

     
    We use can’t/couldn’t have + past participle to say that we are quite sure that something did
    NOT happen or was NOT true in the past.

     You can’t/couldn’t have seen John last night. He was in hospital. 

     She can’t/couldn’t have passed the test. She didn’t even open the books. 

    Note that for negative deduction we use can’t (NOT mustn’t)

     He can’t be that famous.  (NOT He mustn’t be that famous.)

    could/might/may have done

     
    We use might/may have + past participle to say that it’s possible that something was true or
    happened in the past.

     It’s been three days. They  might/may have finished painting the house by now. 

     If they left at 9, they  might/may have already arrived.

    Note that we use might not or may not (NOT could not) to talk about a negative possibility.

     She might/may not have heard us. Knock again. 

    should/ought to have done

     
    We use should have/ought to have + past participle to talk about a situation expected to
    happen in the past. This form is normally used for criticism.

     You should/ought to have already packed your things. We’re going to be late. 

     He should/ought to have studied more. Nobody fails if they study. 

    Do the exercises
     

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    Exercises: 1 2 3

    Related tests:

    Modal verbs of deduction – must, may, might, could, can’t

    Speculation and deduction – modal verbs and expressions

    Take a level test Find your test

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