East Negros Academy, Inc.

Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 21) Page 1 of 16

EAST NEGROS ACADEMY, INC.

Toboso, Negros Occidental

LEARNING MODULE FOR

EPP 5
Name of Learner: ______________________________________

Prepared by:
Katherine Joy U. Palabrica, LPT
EPP Teacher
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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 21) Page 2 of 16

STUDY SCHEDULE
WEEK LEARNING ACTIVITIES
COMPETENCY
March 13-19, 2021 1.1 natatalakay ang Dip:
(1 week) mga mahalagang 1. Uses of wood
kaalaman at Deepen:
kasanayan sa 1. Discussion
gawaing kahoy, Do:
metal, kawayan at 1. Common
iba pang lokal na woodworking
materyales sa tools
pamayanan Deepen:
1.2 nakagagawa ng 1. Create a useful
mga malikhaing product using
proyekto wood
na gawa sa kahoy,
metal, kawayan at
iba pang
materyales na
makikita sa
kumunidad
EPP5IA-
0a-1
EPP5IA-
0b- 2

MODULE 21- WOOD CRAFT

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
 Discuss the uses of wood
 Identify the common woodworking tools
 Demonstrate the different finishing steps like sanding,
varnishing, and painting

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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 21) Page 3 of 16

PRE-ASSESMENT
Direction: Give 10 examples of woodcrafts.
1. _____________________________
2. _____________________________
3. _____________________________
4. _____________________________
5. _____________________________
6. _____________________________
7. _____________________________
8. _____________________________
9. _____________________________
10. _____________________________

DIP

Word Toolbox
o Chamfer-a symmetrical sloping surface at an edge or
corner.
o Conical head- a cone-shaped head.
o Recessed head- refers to a screw with an
indentation on the surface of its head.
o Shank- the straight, narrow part of a tool that
connects the part that does the work with the part
that you hold.

Let Us Explore!

Woodworking is the craft of making useful articles

from wood. As one of the oldest practiced crafts,
woodworking has served man in many ways and has

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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 21) Page 4 of 16

produced fine wooden articles for use in home and other

places.

USES OF WOOD

Wood is a highly versatile material and has a long

history of use. Despite the availability of alternative
materials, wood remains as the preferred choice when it
comes to a variety of things and applications. Here are
only a few of the many uses

1. Furniture and Flooring — Wood's unique aesthetic

appeal and character make it an absolute favorite for
furniture making and flooring. Both wooden furniture
and flooring give the home a unique sense of warmth
and a touch of sophistication.
2. Construction and Shipbuilding — Wood is one of
the most important construction materials from the time
humans started constructing buildings and ships. In the
construction industry, it is valued for its outstanding
insulation properties as well as durability if cared for
properly.
3. Art — Wood is a popular material for artworks, most
notably statues, sculptures, relief carvings, and a wide
range of decorative objects. It can also be used as a
medium for other art forms such as paintings for
instance.
4. Musical instruments - Piano, violin, cello, drums,
flute, guitar, double bass, and a number of other music
instruments are made from wood.
5. Dishes and Utensils — before the introduction of
plastic, most people used wooden dishes and utensils.
However, their popularity tends to be on the rise again
also due to the fact that plastic has been linked to a
number of health hazards.

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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 21) Page 5 of 16

6. Tools — there are not many tools that are made from
wood but wood remains a popular material for handles
and various parts of tools due to its strength, and
exceptional shock and vibration absorption ability.
7. Sports equipment and Toys — a number of sports
rely heavily on wooden sports equipment. Examples
include cricket, hockey, billiards, table tennis, baseball,
and others. Wooden toys went out of fashion in the
second half of the 20th century but in the recent years,
more and more people have been choosing wooden
toys over plastic ones because they are safe, durable,
and exciting to play with.

DEEPEN

COMMON WOODWORKING TOOLS

Measuring Tools
These are the tools used for laying out
measurements; the following tools are included in this
group.

1. Two-foot Tour folding rule- It is

generally used in measuring short
distances. It is also used as a
protractor with the aid of a table. It
is made of four folds connected by
three hinges that are six inches apart.
2. Zigzag rule - It is used for rough
layout. It is also used to measure
distances greater than two feet.

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3. Push-pull tape- It is used to measure

longer distances. It is available from 1
meter to 50 meters long tape.

4. Caliper rule — It is a special tool

used to measure the outside
diameter of cylindrical objects.

Lining Tools
These are used for marking or drawing lines.

1. Pencil with round head — It is used in

marking rough work.

2. Scratch awl — it is used in drawing lines

and marking off points in measuring.

3. Marking gauge- It is a
tool most appropriate in marking lines
parallel to the edges of the

4. Chalk line and reel - These are used in

marking very rough work.

5. Scriber — it is used in marking

fine work. It is made of hardened
steel with a sharp point designed
to mark fine lines.

Testing Tools
These tools are used to test the squareness of a
corner, end of an edge, flatness of a surface, or
straightness of an edge.

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1. Try square — it is used for squaring and testing

smaller work.

2. Sliding T bevel square — it is a special

square used to lay out angles of
different degrees and to test miter
joints.
3. Plumb bob — it is a tool used to
check the straightness of posts,
studs, and the like.

4. Spirit level — it is used for both

guiding and testing the work to
a vertical or horizontal position.

Edge-cutting Tools
These are tools that are used for cutting lumber. The
different edge-cutting tools are planes, chisels,
spokeshave, and sharp edges.

1. Planes
a. Jackplane - It is the most useful
plane because of its convenient size
and is used for planing pieces of
wood that need to have straight
edges and surfaces.
b. Smooth plane — It is used for
smoothening a lumber surface flat and
cleaning up flush-framed work,
chamfers, and rounding edges.
c. Block plane — it is a plane having a
single iron plane blade that is placed
with the beveled side up. It is used for
planing end grain.

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d. Jointer plane — it is used for

straightening long and uneven surface
of wood.
2. Spokeshave — it is used for curved
surfaces that cannot be done with
a circular plane.
3. Chisel-It is an indispensable tool
used in carpentry. It is one of the most abused tools
used for cutting and shaping wood.
a. Paring chisel - It is a light duty tool
used to plane long surfaces parallel
with the grain of wood.
b. Firming chisel- It is a heavy tool
adapted to withstand severe strain,
as in framing work and where deep
cuts are necessary.
c. Framing chisel- It has a very
heavy and strong blade used in
rough carpentry work like
shipbuilding.

Toothed-cutting Tools
These tools have edges or surfaces provided with
parts shaped like teeth with which to cut or shape wood.
The different toothed cutting-tools are saw, rasp, and file.
1. Saw — it is a tool that is composed of a hard blade,
wire, or chain with a toothed-edge. It is used to cut
through relatively hard material, most often wood.
a. Crosscut saw — it is a saw used for
cutting across the grain of wood.
The teeth of a crosscut saw look like
a series of knife point.
b. Ripsaw — it is a handsaw
used for sawing the grain of
wood. The teeth of a ripsaw
look like a chisel gang.
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c. Backsaw — it is used for making

accurate cuts on the line in wood.
Its teeth resemble the crosscut saw
teeth, but this saw differs in design.
d. Dovetail saw — it is used in
cutting very fine work in wood.

e. Compass saw — it is used to cut

curves of very small radii and other such
curves because of its exceptionally
narrow point and sufficiently heavy
blade.
f. Coping saw- It is used for cutting
curved shapes on thin pieces of
board.
g. Keyhole saw- It is similar to a
compass saw. It is used to cut
small, irregular curves. It is
shorter than a compass saw.
2. Wood rasp — it is used for
shaping wood by scratching out the
wood surface. It is also used for rough
work.

3. Wood file — it is used similarly to wood

rasp but for
fine work.

Driving Tools
These are tools used to drive nails and screws into
the wood or other tools while working.
1. Hammers — these are tools consisting of a solid head
set crosswise on a handle.
a. Claw hammer — it is used for
driving and pulling out nails. The

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claw is used to extract nails and truing

bended nails.
b. Ball-peen hammer — it is used to
make dents in metals as well as to
expand.
c. Mallet — it is made of rubber, plastic, or
wood and should be used in preference
over a steel hammer for driving chisels
with wooden handles.
2. Screwdriver— it is used to drive screw.
a. Phillips screwdriver— it is used for driving screws
with recessed heads.
b. Flat screwdriver-It is used to install slotted head
screw. The size of the tool reckons on the length
and diameter of the blade.

Holding Tools
These are tools that firmly hold any material together.

1. C-clamp- It resembles the letter It is a tool made of

steel with a jaw and a thumbscrew. It is used to hold
together smaller wood being joined.
2. Machinist vise - This is an all-metal vise with a
continuous screw used to hold an object firmly in place
while work is done on it, typically attached to a
workbench.
3. Brace — It is used for holding auger bits, fastener bits,
and other tools with rectangular-shaped shanks.
4. Pliers — It is used for holding wood and as a wire
cutter.

Boring Tools
These are especially designed to make hole in wood.
The different types of boring tools are auger, drill, gimlet,
expansive bit, bradawl, and brace and bit.

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1. Auger bit — it is used for boring holes on wood with a

diameter ranging from 1/2 to 12 inches. Augers that
are provided with a shank are commonly called bits.
2. Drill bit — it is used for boring holes either in wood or
metal. The tool that holds the drill is called hand drill.
3. Gimlet — it is a tool used for boring holes by hand
pressure classified as twist and plain.
4. Bradawl — it is a small tool used for punching or
piercing small holes. It is generally used in starting a
nail or screw into hardwood.
5. Brace and bit — it is a hand tool used to drill holes,
usually in wood. Pressure is applied to the top and the
tool is rotated with a U-shaped grip.
Miscellaneous Tools
These are woodworking tools that cannot be classified
under any of the groups. Some of these tools are the
grindstone, oilstone, whetstone, and nail set.
1. Grindstone — It is a flat disc, solid stone usually of
sandstone mounted on a shaft used for sharpening,
shaping, or polishing metal by turning.
2. Oilstone — It is used after grinding operation to
achieve a smooth and keen edge of the tools. Oil is the
lubricating medium.
3. Whetstone — It is a natural or artificial stone used for
sharpening cutting edge tools when moistened with
water.
4. Nail set — It is used to help the hammer drive the nail
completely into the wood.

SUPPLIES AND MATERIALS USED IN PROJECT

MAKING
There are different materials and supplies that are
necessary in making projects. It includes some hardware
materials and finishing materials that are necessary to
give the project a beautiful finish.

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1. Screws- These are superior to nails because they hold

better and can be removed easily without damaging the
wood.
2. Nails — These are made in different sizes and shapes
and are used in construction work.
a. Common nails — They have a heavy cross section
and are used for rough carpentry work.
b. Box nails —These are used for light construction,
crating, and boxes.
c. Casing nails — They have the same weight as the box
nails but have small conical heads.
d. Finishing nails — These are the thinnest and have the
smallest heads. As the name implies, they are used for
finishing like in double walling, in cabinets, and in
furniture works.
3. Hinges- These are used to attach movable joints like
front doors and cabinet doors.

FINISHING

Using Sandpaper to Smoothen the Wood

Sandpaper is used to smooth wood surfaces,
corners, curves, edges, and ends.
1. Put on your dust mask and make sure that you are in a
well-ventilated area before you begin sanding.
2. Stroke the object with the sanding block, using evenly
distributed pressure. Always sand with the grain of the
wood.
3. When removing paint or varnish from wood, start with
coarse sandpaper, and gradually shift to finer grits.

Applying Varnish
Varnish is an excellent wood surface preservative
because it is tough, waterproof, and heat-resistant,
Here are the steps to follow in applying varnish.

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1. Check the surfaces to be varnished to make sure that

they are free from dust.
2. Pour a small amount of varnish into a container.
3. Select the appropriate brush to use, preferably one of
good grade with fine, long bristles.
4. Apply the varnish along the grains of wood.
5. Allow the varnish to dry.

Applying Paint
1. Choose the types of paint to use.
2. Stir the paint thoroughly to attain the proper mixture.
Mix it with thinner.
3. Select the appropriate brush to use.
4. Apply the first coating. Let it dry before applying the
second coating to achieve an even finish.

DO
Activity I.
Direction: Collect pictures of tools used in woodworking
and classify them according to uses. Compile
them in an album.

DEEPEN

PERFORMANCE TASK:
Direction: Make a project plan and create a
useful product using wood. Apply what you
have learned in finishing a wooden product.

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Criteria:
Wood Project

Poor Fair Good

 
6 pts 8 pts 10 pts

Measurement Poor Fair Good

No attention to Minor Measurements are
measurements. measurement accurate. Plans
Very little accuracy errors. Plans followed.
in following plans. followed but some
steps skipped or
done incorrectly.

Cuts / Joints Poor Fair Good

Cuts not square, Some minor errors Cuts accurate.
joints do not fit in cuts or joint fit. Joints fit tightly.
tightly.

Assembly Poor Fair Good

Little care taken in Minor errors in No visible errors in
assembly of assembly. Overall assembly. No
project. Some assembly is visible glue.
pieces do not fit accurate. Minor
correctly. Evidence evidence of glue
of glue

Sanding Poor Fair Good

Large scratches in Some scratches are Smooth finish with
wood surface. visible. Some cross no visible
Sanding across grain sanding may scratches.
grain is obvious. be visible.
Not sanded to the
proper grit paper.

Finish Poor Fair Good

Stain is blotchy or Stain is not Stain is even.
incomplete. Finish consistent Finish is even with
does not cover all throughout the only the smallest
of the wood or has project. Finish has of imperfections
visible brush marks minor noticeable.
and bubbles. imperfections.

Safety Poor Fair Good

Student neglects to With prompting, Student uses
use proper safety student uses safety safety glasses/ear

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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 21) Page 15 of 16

equipment and is glasses and ear protection, works

careless in the protection. Student carefully and
work. Does not is somewhat keeps work area
keep area neat and careless about neat and clutter
organized. work and does not free.
keep area neat.

Craftsmanship Poor Fair Good

Project has many Project has few Project built to
errors. Student did minor errors. detailed
not apply given Student applied standards. Able to
talent. given talent to be sold in a store.
satisfactory
standards.

POST-ASSESSMENT

Direction: Identify the following:

___________________1. These are the tools used for
laying out measurements.
___________________2. It is generally used in measuring
short distances. It is also used as
a protractor with the aid of a
table.
___________________3. These are used for marking or
drawing lines.
___________________4. It is a tool most appropriate in
marking lines parallel to the
edges of the wood.
___________________5. These tools are used to test the
squareness of a corner, and end
of an edge, the flatness of a
surface or the straightness of an
edge.
___________________6. It is used for both guiding and
testing the work to a vertical or
horizontal position.

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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 21) Page 16 of 16

___________________7. These are tools that have thin,

sharp edges, and are used for
cutting lumber.
___________________8. It is a plane having a single iron
plane blade that is placed with
the beveled side up. It is used
for planing end grain.
___________________9. These tools have edges or
surfaces provided with parts
shaped like teeth with which to
cut or shape wood.
___________________10. These are tools that firmly hold
any material together.

REFERENCE
Gee E. Velasquez (2018). Dynamics Series in Home
Economics and Livelihood Education.“Wood Craft” pp
226-238. JO-ES K-12 Series.

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