Technical Specifications

Rev. C - 09/2019

Consolidated*
Valve Sizing
and Selection

BHGE Data Classification : Public

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 Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Formula Symbols.............................................................................................................................................................. 5
Set Pressure and Overpressure.................................................................................................................................. 6
API Sizing Formulas.......................................................................................................................................................... 8
ASME Sizing Formulas.................................................................................................................................................... 9
Correction Factors............................................................................................................................................................ 11
Fluid Properties................................................................................................................................................................. 14

API Standard Orifice Areas

1900...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
2900...................................................................................................................................................................... 17
3900 and 4900.................................................................................................................................................. 18
19000.................................................................................................................................................................... 19
1982 and 13900............................................................................................................................................... 20
Superheat Correction Factors .................................................................................................................................... 21
Rupture Disk Combination........................................................................................................................................... 23
API Fire Sizing..................................................................................................................................................................... 24

© 2019 Baker Hughes, a GE company LLC - All rights reserved. Consolidated Valves Sizing and Selection | 3
Introduction
API Sizing Flow Coefficient K (Coefficient of Discharge)
API establishes rules for sizing of pressure relief devices in the The K value has been established at the time valves are certified by
standard API RP 520. This recommended practice addresses only ASME and are published for all ASME certified valves in “Pressure
flanged spring loaded and pilot operated safety relief valves with a Relief Device Certifications” by the National Board of Boiler and
D - T orifice. Valves smaller or larger than those with a D - T orifice are Pressure Vessel Inspectors, 1055 Crupper Ave., Columbus, Ohio
not addressed by API RP 520. 43229.
The API rules are generic for pressure relief devices, and API recognizes Relating to sizing, API RP 526 details an effective discharge area. The
that manufacturers of pressure relief devices may have criteria such sizing formulas listed on page 8 are in agreement with those published
as discharge coefficients and correction factors that differ from those in API RP 520 for determining the required Consolidated valve series.
listed in API RP 520. The API RP 520 equations and rules are intended On page 10, the equations of page 9 are modified to metric units
for the estimation of pressure relief device requirements only. Final with a units conversion factor Ku. The information listed in Tables 6-8
selection of the pressure relief device is accomplished by using describing “API Standard Orifice Area” is in accordance with those
the manufacturer’s specific parameters, which are based on actual listed in API RP 526.
testing. The data given in this catalog is specific for Consolidated
Consolidated has elected to use its actual bellows backpressure
valves.
correction factor for sizing and selection of the appropriate
It is traditional to size and select pressure relief valves specified per Consolidated valve series per API recommendations for using the
API RP 526 for gas, vapor and steam applications using the API RP Manufacturer’s actual parameters. Consolidated has elected to use
520 Kd value of 0.975 and the effective areas of API RP 526. Although the ASME certified liquid Kd of 0.744 for types 1900 and 2900; 0.825
the API Kd values exceed the ASME certified K values, the ASME is used for type 3900; and 0.844 is used for 4900 instead of the API
certified areas exceed the effective areas of API RP 526 with the recommended Kd of 0.65, as the ASME certified coefficient pre-dates
product of the ASME certified K and area exceeding the product of the the API recommended value.
API RP 520 Kd and API RP 526 effective areas. This allows selection
of a Consolidated valve series using the API Kd and area while still ASME Capacity Calculation
maintaining compliance with ASME flow certification. ASME codes establish the certified relieving capacities and
The Consolidated 2900 series is a hybrid of the 1900 and 3900 corresponding media, which must be stamped on the valve name
series. The 2900 series meets the dimension requirements for spring plates.
loaded valves and the effective areas for both spring loaded and pilot Sizing Program Information
actuated valves per API RP 526. Although the 2900 is not a true API RP
526 pressure relief valve, it may be used as a replacement for API RP BHGE has software, SRVSpeQ*, which performs sizing and selection
526 spring loaded pressure relief valves. functions. Additionally, it will select materials, configure the complete
value and provide a data sheet with a certified drawing including
dimensions, weights, and materials. This software is available for
download on the BHGE website.
NOTE: “USCS” indicates the U.S. Customary System Designation,
which is similar to English Units.

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Formula Symbols P1 The rated flowing pressure at the inlet of the safety relief
valve in absolute pressure units (psia). This value is the
Prior to sizing Safety Relief Valves, the user should understand the stamped set pressure of the safety relief valve plus the
symbols used in the sizing and capacity calculation formulas. overpressure plus the atmospheric pressure. Refer to the
section “Set Pressure and Overpressure Relationships for
Ac The safety relief valve area required to prevent the vessel or Sizing”.
system pressure from exceeding prescribed limits above the
vessel or system MAWP. The units used are USCS (in2) and P2 P2 The pressure at the outlet of the valve in absolute
metric (mm2). pressure units (psia). This value is coincident with the rated
flowing pressure value.
C Dimensionless, whole number value determined from an
expression of the ratio of specific heats of the gas or vapor Q Capacity in volume per time units.
(see Tables 4 and 5).
R Reynolds number. A dimensionless number used in obtaining
k 
Dimensionless ratio of the constant pressure specific heat the viscosity correction factor Kv.
Cp to the constant volume specific heat Cv.
ρ Density of gas or vapor:
K 
Flow Coefficient (Kd x 0.9). Select the value based on valve
type and type of media (refer to sizing formulas for proper ρ, for vapors = (SG) x (Density of Air)
values). ρ, for liquids = (SG) x (Density of Water)
Kb Dimensionless value used to correct for the reduction Density of Air = 0.0763 lb/ft3 at 14.7 psia, and 60°F (USCS)
in the safety relief valve capacity due to the effects of
Density of Air = 1.2932 kg/m3 at 760 mm Hg and 0°C (metric)
backpressure on conventional and balanced bellows valves.
See Figure 3 for balanced bellows valve corrections and Density of Water = 62.305 lb/ft3 at 70°F (USCS)
Figure 2 for non-bellows valves.
Density of Water = 998 kg/m3 at 20°C (metric)
Kc Pressure relief valve - rupture disk combination capacity
factor. SG  pecific Gravity. A dimensionless number that relates the
S
densities of a fluid to that of a standard fluid. The value of SG
Kd Dimensionless value relating the actual vs. theoretical is 1.0 for the following standard conditions:
safety relief valve flow rate. Select the value based on valve Liquid Standard: Water at 70°F (USCS)
type and type of media (refer to sizing formulas for proper
values.) Water at 20°C (metric)
Gas Standard: Air at 14.696 psia and 60°F (USCS)
Ksh Dimensionless value to correct for superheated system. For
saturated steam Ksh = 1.0 (refer to Table 12). Air at 760 mm Hg and 0°C (metric)

Kv Dimensionless value used to correct for the reduction in the

safety relief valve capacity due to viscosity effects for liquid
applications (see Figure 4).
T The temperature at the inlet of the valve in absolute
temperature units. This value is coincident with the rated
Ku Dimensionless factor used to adjust for the type of units flowing pressure value, for example °F + 460.
used in the sizing equation.
W Capacity in Mass Per Time Units.
Kw 
Dimensionless value used to correct for the reduction in the
Z Compressibility factor for gas or vapor. If unknown, use Z=1.
safety relief valve capacity due to backpressure for balanced
bellows valves (only when used on liquid applications, see Kn Napier Factor. A dimensionless correction factor to the
Figure 3.) Napier steam flow equation used only for steam and only
in the range of P1 = 1580 to 3208 psia flowing pressure.
MW Molecular Weight of the gas or vapor. This value should be Calculate Kn from the equation:
obtained from process data (refer to Table 5).

MAWP Maximum Allowable Working Pressure

0.1906P1 - 1000
Kn =
P 
The set pressure of the safety relief valve in gauge pressure
0.2292P1 - 1061
units.
If P is 1423 psig or less, Kn = 1.0. If P is more than 1423 psig,
Pb The pressure at the outlet of the valve in gauge pressure up to and including 3223 psig, Kn is calculated.
units. This value is coincident with the rated flowing pressure

Note: that P1 is the flowing pressure and is in absolute
value.
pressure units.

© 2019 Baker Hughes, a GE company LLC - All rights reserved. Consolidated Valves Sizing and Selection | 5
Set Pressure and Overpressure Multiple Valve Installations
Relationships for Sizing Applies when more than one pressure relief valve is required for
system overpressure protection.
Set pressure and overpressure requirements vary with the installation
and application of the pressure relief valve(s). The installation may 1) If the overpressure is not due to a fire exposure event:
require one or more pressure relief valves per ASME Section VIII and
a) The set pressure of at least one valve must be equal to
API RP 520. The application will require the pressure relief valve(s) to
or less than the MAWP of the protected system. The set
provide overpressure protection caused by non-fire or fire-related
pressure of any of the remaining valve(s) must not exceed
events.
1.05 times the MAWP.
In all cases the overpressure of the pressure relief valve will be the
b) The accumulation of the system must not exceed the
difference between the accumulation of the system and the pressure
larger of 4 psi or 16% above the MAWP (see Table 3.)
relief valve’s set pressure. In determining the required pressure relief
valve orifice area, the flowing pressure value (P1) will be set equal to 2) If the overpressure is due to a fire exposure event on a vessel:
the system accumulation value.
a) The set pressure of at least one valve must be equal to
Single Valve Installations or less than the MAWP of the protected system. The set
pressure of any of the remaining valve(s) must not exceed
Used when only one pressure relief valve is required for system 1.10 times the MAWP.
overpressure protection.
b) The accumulation of the system must not exceed 21%
1) If the overpressure is not due to a fire exposure event: above MAWP (see Table 2.)
a) The set pressure may be equal to or less than the MAWP
of the protected system.
b) The accumulation of the system must not exceed the
larger of 3 psi or 10% above the MAWP (see Table 1.)
2) If the overpressure is due to a fire exposure event on a vessel:
a) The set pressure may be equal to or less than the MAWP
of the protected system.
b) The accumulation of the system must not exceed 21%
above MAWP (see Table 2.)

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Set Pressure and Overpressure
Relationships for Sizing

Table 1 - Flowing Pressure for Single Valve Installations

MAWP to 15 psig to 30 psig P1 = MAWP + 3 + 14.7

MAWP of 1.02 barg up to and including 2.06 barg P1 = MAWP + 0.206 + 1.01

MAWP of 1.05 kg/cm2g up to and including 2.11 kg/cm2g P1 = MAWP + 0.211 + 1.03

MAWP higher than 30 psig P1 = 1.1(MAWP) + 14.7

MAWP higher than 2.06 barg P1 = 1.1(MAWP) + 1.01

MAWP higher than 2.11 kg/cm2g P1 = 1.1(MAWP) + 1.03

Table 2 - Flowing Pressure for FireSizing

MAWP higher than 15 psig P1 = 1.21(MAWP) + 14.7

MAWP higher than 1.02 barg P1 = 1.21(MAWP) + 1.01

MAWP higher than 1.05 kg/cm2g P1 = 1.21(MAWP) + 1.03

Table 3 - Flowing Pressure for Multiple Valve Installations

MAWP of 15 psig to 25 psig P1 = MAWP + 4 + 14.7

MAWP of 1.02 barg up to and including 1.72 barg P1 = MAWP + 0.275 + 1.01

MAWP of 1.05 kg/cm2g up to and including 1.75 kg/cm2g P1 = MAWP + 0.281 + 1.03

MAWP higher than 25 psig P1 = 1.16(MAWP) + 14.7

MAWP higher than 1.72 barg P1 = 1.16(MAWP) + 1.01

MAWP higher than 1.75 kg/cm2g P1 = 1.16(MAWP) + 1.03

© 2019 Baker Hughes, a GE company LLC - All rights reserved. Consolidated Valves Sizing and Selection | 7
API Sizing Formulas - USCS
API RP 520 Sizing Formulas USCS Units
Refer to Tables 6 - 8a and select the next larger size above the Ac value
calculated.
The value of Ac shall be compared to the API effective orifice areas.

VAPORS OR GASES STEAM

Mass Flow Rate Sizing Mass Flow Rate Sizing
(W = lb/hr) (W = lb/hr)

W √T √Z W
AC = AC =
C Kd P1 √M Kb 51.5 Kd P1 Kb Ksh Kn

VAPORS OR GASES LIQUIDS

Volumetric Flow Rate Sizing Certified Volumetric Flow Rate Sizing

(Q = Standard ft3/Min Flow Rate at 14.7 psia & 60°F) Q √SG

AC =
Ku Kd √P1 - P2 Kv Kw
60 Qp √T √Z
AC =
C Kd P1 √M Kb Kd Factors
(ρ = density at standard conditions)
Steam, Gas or
Valve Series Liquid Kd
Vapor Kd

AIR 1900 .975 .744

Volumetric Flow Rate Sizing
2900 .975 .744
(Q = Standard ft3/Min Flow Rate at 14.7 psia & 60°F)
3900 .975 .826
60 Q (0.0763) √T √Z
AC =
356 Kd P1 (5.3824) Kb 4900 .975 .844

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ASME Sizing Formulas - USCS
ASME Section VIII Sizing Formulas USCS Units
Refer to Tables 6 - 11 and select the next larger size above the Ac value
calculated.
The value of Ac shall be compared to the ASME actual orifice areas.

VAPORS OR GASES STEAM

Mass Flow Rate Sizing Mass Flow Rate Sizing
(W = lb/hr) (W = lb/hr)

W √T √Z W
AC = AC =
C K P1 √M Kb 51.5 K P1 Kb Ksh Kn

LIQUIDS
VAPORS OR GASES Certified Volumetric Flow Rate Sizing
Volumetric Flow Rate Sizing
(If Q = U.S. Gallons per minute, Ku = 38)
(Q = Standard ft3 min flow rate at 14.7 psig and 60°F) (If Q = Cubic feet per hour, Ku = 5.2143)

60 Qρ √T √Z Q √SG
AC = AC =
C K P1 √M Kb Ku K √P1 - P2 Kv Kw
(ρ = density at standard conditions)
K Factors (Kd x 0.9)

AIR Steam, Gas or

Volumetric Flow Rate Sizing Valve Series Liquid K
Vapor K

(Q = Standard ft3 min flow rate at 14.7 psig and 60°F) 1900 .855 .670

60 Q (0.0763) √T √Z 1982 .855 .758

AC =
356 K P1 (5.3824) Kb
2900 .855 .670

3900 .878 .743

4900 .878 .760

13900
.877 N/A
(all except 201 in2)

13900
.850 N/A
(201 in2 only)

19000 .878 .673

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ASME Sizing Formulas - Metric
ASME Section VIII Sizing Formulas Metric Units
ASME permits metric unit stamping of name plates (ASME Code Case
2116). Refer to Tables 6 - 11 and select the next larger size above the
Ac value calculated.
The value of Ac shall be compared to the ASME actual effective orifice
areas.

VAPORS OR GASES STEAM

Mass Flow Rate Sizing Mass Flow Rate Sizing
(W = kg/hr) (W = kg/hr)

Ku W √T √Z W
AC = AC =
C K P1 √M Kb Ku K P1 Kb, Ksh Kn
If P1 = bara, Ku = 131.7 If P1 = bara, Ku = 0.5245
If P1 = kg/cm2 a, Ku = 134.26 If P1 = kg/cm2a, Ku = 0.5144

VAPORS OR GASES LIQUIDS

Volumetric Flow Rate Sizing Certified Volumetric Flow Rate Sizing

(Q = Normal m3/hr Flow Rate at 760 mm Hg at 0°F) Q √SG

AC =
Ku Qρ √T √Z Ku K √P1 - P2 Kv Kw
AC =
C K P1 √M If P1 & P2 = bara and Q = liters/min, Ku = 0.849
If P1 & P2 = kg/cm2a and Q = liters/min, Ku = 0.841
If P1 = bara, Ku = 131.7 If P1 & P2 = bara and Q = m3/hr, Ku = 0.0509
If P1 = kg/cm2 a, Ku = 134.26 If P1 & P2 = ka/cm2a and Q = m3/hr, Ku = 0.0504
(ρ = density at standard conditions)

K Factors (Kd x 0.9)

AIR
Volumetric Flow Rate Sizing Steam, Gas or
Valve Series Liquid K
Vapor K
(Q = Normal m3/hr Flow Rate at 760 mm Hg at 0°C)
1900 .855 .670
Ku Q (1.2932) √T √Z
AC = 1982 .855 .758
356 K P1 (5.3824) Kb
2900 .855 .670
If P1 = bara, Ku = 131.71
If P1 = kg/cm2a, Ku = 134.26
3900 .878 .743

4900 .878 .760

13900
.877 N/A
(all except 201 in2)

13900
.850 N/A
(201 in2 only)

19000 .878 .673

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Correction Factors

Figure 1 - 1900 Balanced Bellows Valves and 19096M-BP Valves

Vapors and Gases - Correction Factor Kb

Kb at Total
Backpressures

1.0

0.9
21% Over-
pressure
Correction Factor Kb

10% Over-
0.8 pressure

0.7

Example:
Set Pressure - 75 psig 16% Over-
0.6 Total Backpressure - 0 to 40 psig pressure
40
Backpressure Percentage = 53.3%
75
Follow dashed examples line from 53.3%
Backpressure to the 10% Overpressure line
0.5 and find that flow will be 72% of rated capacity at
10% overpressure. Correction Kb = 0.72

0.4
0 10 20 30 40 45 50 60 70 80 90
Pb
Total Backpressure Percentage = x 100
P

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 Correction Factors
Figure 2 - Non-Bellows Valves
Vapor or Gas Flow Curve at All Backpressures, Correction Factor Kb

Capacity Curve
Kb at Total
1.0 Backpressures

0.9 Example

0.8

0.7
Correction Factor Kb

0.6

0.5
Example:
0.4 Set Pressure - 100 psig
Flowing Pressure at 10% Overpressure = 100 + 10 = 110 psig or 124.7 psia
0.3 Total Backpressure (Constant + Built up) = 75 psig or 89.7 psia
89.7
Backpressure Percentage = 71.9%
0.2 124.7
Follow dotted line from backpressure percentage scale to correction
0.1 factor Kb scale and find that Kb equals 0.93

0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
P2
Total Backpressure Percentage = x 100
P1

Figure 3 - 1900 Balanced Bellows and 19096M-BP Only - Liquids - Correction Factor Kw

Capacity Curve Kw at Total Backpressures

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7
Correction Factor Kw

0.6 Example

0.5
Example:
0.4 Set Pressure - 100 psig
Variable Backpressure - 0 to 50 psig
0.3 50
Backpressure Percentage = 50%
100
0.2 Follow dotted example line from 50% Backpressure to
the Capacity Curve and find that flow will be 65.8% of
0.1 rated capacity. Correction Factor Kw = 0.658

0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Pb
Total Backpressure Percentage = x 100
P

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 Correction Factors
When using the following method, it is suggested that the safety relief Where:
valve be sized first with available application data in order to obtain
a preliminary required discharge area (Ac). From the standard orifice Q = actual flow rate at the flowing temperature (U.S. gallons per
sizes, the next larger orifice size should be used in determining the minute)
Reynolds number (R) from either of the following relationships:
SG = specific gravity of the liquid at the flowing temperature referred
Q (2,800) SG to water = 1.00 at 70°F
R =
Cp √A Cp = absolute viscosity at the flowing temperature (in centipoises)
A = valve orifice discharge area (square inches)
OR
SSU = Saybolt Seconds Universal (viscosity at the flowing
temperature)

12,700 x Q After the value of R is determined, the factor Kv is obtained from Figure
R = 4. Factor Kv is applied to correct the “preliminary required discharge
SSU x √A area.” If the corrected area exceeds the “chosen standard orifice
area”, the above calculations should be repeated using the next larger
standard orifice size.

Figure 4
1.0

0.9

0.8
Viscosity Correction Factor Kw

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3
10 20 30 50 70 100 200 300 500 700 1000 2000 4000 6000 10000 20000 40000 60000 100000

R = Reynolds Number

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Fluid Properties

Table 4 - Gas Constant C

k C k C k C
0.50 238 1.02 318 1.52 366
0.52 242 1.04 320 1.54 368
0.54 246 1.06 322 1.56 369
0.56 250 1.08 325 1.58 371
0.58 254 1.10 327 1.60 373
0.60 257 1.12 329 1.62 374
0.62 261 1.14 331 1.64 376
0.64 264 1.16 333 1.66 377
0.66 268 1.18 335 1.68 379
0.68 271 1.20 337 1.70 380
0.70 274 1.22 339 1.72 382
0.72 277 1.24 341 1.74 383
0.74 280 1.26 343 1.76 384
0.76 283 1.28 345 1.78 386
0.78 286 1.30 347 1.80 387
0.80 289 1.32 349 1.82 389
0.82 292 1.34 351 1.84 390
0.84 295 1.36 353 1.86 391
0.86 279 1.38 354 1.88 393
0.88 300 1.40 356 1.90 394
0.90 303 1.42 358 1.92 395
0.92 305 1.44 360 1.94 397
0.94 308 1.46 361 1.96 398
0.96 310 1.48 363 1.98 399
0.98 313 1.50 365 2.00 400
1.01 317
The relationship of “k” and “C” are expressed by the equation:

C = 520


√( )k
K+1
2
k+1
k-1

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Fluid Properties
Table 5 - Constant and Capacity Conversion Factors for Common Fluids
Gas & Vapor Phase Liquid Phase
G (1)
G G Boiling Critical
Fluid K(1) MW
Air = 1 Water = 1 Temp °F Point(1) °F Temp °F
Acetaldehyde 1.14 44.05 1.521 0.783 64 68 370
Acetic Acid 1.15 60.05 2.073 1.049 68 245 611
Acetone - - - 0.791 68 133 455
Acetylene 1.26 26.04 0.899 - - -119 97
Air 1.40 28.97 1.00 - - - -222
Ammonia 1.33 17.03 0.588 0.817 -110 -27 270
Argon 1.67 39.94 1.388 1.65 -387 -301 -188
Benzene 1.12 78.11 2.696 0.879 68 176 551
Butadiene 1,3 1.12 54.09 1.867 0.621 68 24 306
Butane N- 1.094 58.12 2.006 0.579 68 31 307
Butane ISO- 1.094 58.12 2.006 0.557 68 11 273
Carbon Dioxide 1.30 44.01 1.519 1.101 -35 SUBL. 88
Carbon Disulfide 1.21 76.13 2.628 1.263 68 116 523
Carbon Monoxide 1.40 28.00 0.966 0.814 -318 -314 -218
Chlorine 1.36 70.90 2.45 1.58 -29 -30 291
Cyclohexane 1.09 84.16 2.905 0.779 69 177 538
Ethane 1.22 30.07 1.04 0.546 -126 -127 90
Ethyl Alcohol 1.13 46.07 1.59 0.789 68 173 469
Ethyl Chloride 1.19 64.52 2.227 0.903 50 54 369
Ethylene (Ethene) 1.26 28.05 0.968 0.566 -152 -155 49
Helium 1.66 4.00 0.138 - - -452 -450
N-Hexane 1.06 86.17 2.974 0.659 68 156 454
Hydrogen Chloride 1.41 36.50 1.26 - - -118 124
Hydrogen 1.41 2.016 0.069 0.0709 -423 -423 -400
Hydrogen Sulfide 1.32 34.07 1.176 - - -76 213
Kerosene - - - 0.815 60 - -
Methane 1.31 16.04 0.554 0.415 -263 -258 -116
Methyl Alcohol 1.20 32.04 1.11 0.792 68 149 464
Methyl Butane 1.08 72.15 2.49 0.625 60 82 370
Methyl Chloride 1.20 50.49 1.743 0.952 32 -11 290
Natural Gas (typical) 1.27 19.00 0.656 - - - -
Nitric Acid (HNO3) - - - 1.502 60 187 -
Nitric Oxide 1.40 30.00 1.0036 1.269 -239 -240 -137
Nitrogen 1.40 28.00 0.967 1.026 -422 -321 -233
Nitrous Oxide 1.30 44.00 1.519 1.226 -128 -131 98
Oxygen 1.40 32.00 1.104 1.426 -422 -297 -182
N-Pentane 1.07 72.15 2.49 0.631 60 97 386
Propane 1.13 44.09 1.522 0.585 -49 -44 206
Propylene 1.15 42.08 1.453 0.609 -53 -54 197
Styrene 1.07 104.14 3.60 0.906 68 293 706
Sulfur Dioxide 1.29 64.06 2.21 1.434 32 14 315
(1)
Value at 14.7 pounds per square inch, absolute.

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API Standard Orifice Areas - 1900

Table 6 - 1900 Series (USCS)

(Ac) API Orifice (Ac) ASME API Set Available
Effective Letter and Actual Pressure Set
Orifice Size(1) Orifice Range Pressure
Area (In2) Area (psig) Range
(In2) (psig)
0.110 D 0.1279 5 - 6000 5 - 6250
0.196 E 0.2279 5 - 6000 5 - 6250
0.307 F 0.3568 5 - 5000 5 - 6250
0.503 G 0.5849 4 - 3705 4 - 5000
0.785 H 0.9127 4 - 2750 4 - 3418
1.287 J 1.4960 5 - 2700 5 - 2700
1.838 K 2.1380 5 - 2200 5 - 2540
2.853 L 3.3170 5 - 1500 5 - 2200
3.600 M 4.1860 5 - 1100 5 - 1600
4.340 N 5.0470 6 - 1000 6 - 1600
6.380 P 7.4170 7 - 1000 7 - 1500
11.050 Q 12.8500 7 - 600 7 - 900
16.000 R 18.6000 7 - 300 7 - 650
26.000 T 30.2100 (2)
9 - 300 9 - 300
N/A V 50.26 N/A 15 - 300
N/A W 78.996 N/A 15 - 300
(1)
V and W orifices should be sized using ASME formula and orifice area.
(2)
Prior to 1999 this area was 28.62 in2. Consult factory for clarification.

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API Standard Orifice Areas - 2900

Table 7 - 2900 Series (USCS)

(Ac) API Orifice (Ac) ASME API Set Available
Effective Letter and Actual Pressure Set
Orifice Size(1) Orifice Range Pressure
Area (In2) Area (psig) Range
(In2) (psig)
0.110 D 0.1279 15 - 6000 15 - 6250
0.196 E 0.2279 15 - 6000 15 - 6250
0.307 F 0.3568 15 - 5000 15 - 6250
0.503 G 0.5849 15 - 3705 15 - 6250
0.785 H 0.9127 15 - 2750 15 - 3750
1.287 J 1.4960 15 - 2700 15 - 3750
1.838 K 2.1380 15 - 2220 15 - 3750
2.853 L 3.3170 15 - 1500 15 - 3750
3.600 M 4.1860 15 - 1100 15 - 2250
4.340 N 5.0470 15 - 1000 15 - 2250
6.380 P 7.4170 15 - 1000 15 - 2250
11.050 Q 12.8500 15 - 600 15 - 1500
16.000 R 18.6000 15 - 300 15 - 1500
26.000 T 30.2100 15 - 300 15 - 905
N/A V 50.26 N/A 15 - 675
N/A W 78.996 N/A 15 - 535
(1)
V and W orifices should be sized using ASME formula and orifice area.

© 2019 Baker Hughes, a GE company LLC - All rights reserved. Consolidated Valves Sizing and Selection | 17
API Standard Orifice Areas - 3900 and 4900

Table 8 - 3900 Series (USCS)

(Ac) API Orifice (Ac) ASME API Set Available
Effective Letter and Actual Pressure Set
Orifice Size Orifice Range Pressure
Area (In2) Area (psig) Range
(In2) (psig)
0.110 D 0.1279 15 - 3705 15 - 6250
0.196 E 0.2279 15 - 3705 15 - 6250
0.307 F 0.3568 15 - 3705 15 - 6250
0.503 G 0.5849 15 - 3705 15 - 6250
0.785 H 0.9127 15 - 3705 15 - 6250
1.287 J 1.496 15 - 3705 15 - 6250
1.838 K 2.138 15 - 3705 15 - 6250
2.853 L 3.317 15 - 3705 15 - 6250
3.600 M 4.186 15 - 3705 15 - 3750
4.340 N 5.047 15 - 3705 15 - 3750
6.380 P 7.417 15 - 3705 15 - 3750
11.050 Q 12.85 15 - 1480 15 - 1500
16.000 R 18.6 15 - 915 15 - 1500
26.000 T 30.21 (1)
15 - 900 15 - 1500
(1)
Prior to 1999 this area was 28.62 in . Consult factory for clarification.
2

Table 8a - 4900 Series (USCS)

(Ac) API Orifice (Ac) ASME API Set Available
Effective Letter and Actual Pressure Set
Orifice Size Orifice Range Pressure
Area (In2) Area (psig) Range
(In2) (psig)
0.110 D 0.1314 15 - 3705 15 - 7200
0.196 E 0.288 15 - 3705 15 - 7200
0.307 F 0.359 15 - 3705 15 - 7200
0.503 G 0.594 15 - 3705 15 - 7200
0.785 H 0.930 15 - 2750 15 - 7200
1.287 J 1.513 15 - 2700 15 - 7200
1.838 K 2.160 15 - 2200 15 - 7200
2.853 L 3.350 15 - 1500 15 - 7200
3.60 M 4.229 15 - 1100 15 - 3750
4.34 N 5.098 15 - 1100 15 - 3750
6.38 P 7.491 15 - 1000 15 - 3750
11.05 Q 12.979 15 - 600 15 - 1500
16.00 R 18.783 15 - 300 15 - 1500
26.00 T 30.542 15 - 300 15 - 1500

18 | BHGE © 2019 Baker Hughes, a GE company LLC - All rights reserved.

Standard Orifice Areas - 19000

Table 9 - 19000 Series (USCS)

Inlet Size (in) Model (Ac) ASME Set
Number and Actual Pressure
Orifice Area Range
(In2) (psig)
1/2, 3/4, 1 19096L .096 5 - 290
1/2, 3/4, 1 19110L .110 5 - 290
3/4, 1 19126L .126 5 - 290
1 19226L .226 5 - 290
1½ 19357L .357 5 - 290
2 19567L .567 5 - 290
1/2, 3/4, 1 19096M .096 291 - 2000
1/2, 3/4, 1 19110M .110 291 - 2000
3/4, 1 19126M .126 291 - 2000
1 19226M .226 291 - 2000
1½ 19357M .357 291 - 1500
2 19567M .567 291 - 1500
3/4 19096H .096 2001 - 5000
3/4, 1 19110H .110 2001 - 5000
3/4 19126H .126 2001 - 8000
1 19226H .226 2001 - 6400

© 2019 Baker Hughes, a GE company LLC - All rights reserved. Consolidated Valves Sizing and Selection | 19
Standard Orifice Areas
1982 and 13900

Table 10 - 1982 Series (USCS)

(Ac) Actual (ASME) Set Pressure
Inlet Size (in) Orifice Area Range
(In2) (psig)
1/2 0.121 10 - 500
3/4 0.216 10 - 500
1 0.332 10 - 500
1½ 0.857 10 - 500

Table 11 - 13900 Series (USCS)

(Ac) Actual (ASME) Set Pressure
Inlet Size (in) Orifice Area Range
(In2) (psig)
16 114.0 50 - 300
18 143.1 50 - 300
20 176.7 50 - 300
22 201.0 50 - 300

20 | BHGE © 2019 Baker Hughes, a GE company LLC - All rights reserved.

Superheat Correction Factors

Table 12 - Superheat Correction Factor Ksh

Flowing Superheat Correction Factor Ksh , Total Temperature in ˚F of Superheated Steam
Press.
(psia) 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200
50 0.987 0.957 0.930 0.905 0.882 0.861 0.841 0.823 0.805 0.789 0.774 0.759 0.745 0.732 0.719 0.708 0.696
100 0.998 0.963 0.935 0.909 0.885 0.864 0.843 0.825 0.807 0.790 0.775 0.760 0.746 0.733 0.720 0.708 0.697
150 0.984 0.970 0.940 0.913 0.888 0.866 0.846 0.826 0.808 0.792 0.776 0.761 0.747 0.733 0.721 0.709 0.697
200 0.979 0.977 0.945 0.917 0.892 0.869 0.848 0.828 0.810 0.793 0.777 0.762 0.748 0.734 0.721 0.709 0.698
250 - 0.972 0.951 0.921 0.895 0.871 0.850 0.830 0.812 0.794 0.778 0.763 0.749 0.735 0.722 0.710 0.698

300 - 0.968 0.957 0.926 0.898 0.874 0.852 0.832 0.813 0.796 0.780 0.764 0.750 0.736 0.723 0.710 0.699
350 - 0.968 0.963 0.930 0.902 0.877 0.854 0.834 0.815 0.797 0.781 0.765 0.750 0.736 0.723 0.711 0.699
400 - - 0.963 0.935 0.906 0.880 0.857 0.836 0.816 0.798 0.782 0.766 0.751 0.737 0.724 0.712 0.700
450 - - 0.961 0.940 0.909 0.883 0.859 0.838 0.818 0.800 0.783 0.767 0.752 0.738 0.725 0.712 0.700
500 - - 0.961 0.946 0.914 0.886 0.862 0.840 0.820 0.801 0.784 0.768 0.753 0.739 0.725 0.713 0.701

550 - - 0.962 0.952 0.918 0.889 0.864 0.842 0.822 0.803 0.785 0.769 0.754 0.740 0.726 0.713 0.701
600 - - 0.964 0.958 0.922 0.892 0.867 0.844 0.823 0.804 0.787 0.770 0.755 0.740 0.727 0.714 0.702
650 - - 0.968 0.958 0.927 0.896 0.869 0.846 0.825 0.806 0.788 0.771 0.756 0.741 0.728 0.715 0.702
700 - - - 0.958 0.931 0.899 0.872 0.848 0.827 0.807 0.789 0.772 0.757 0.742 0.728 0.715 0.703
750 - - - 0.958 0.936 0.903 0.875 0.850 0.828 0.809 0.790 0.774 0.758 0.743 0.729 0.716 0.703

800 - - - 0.960 0.942 0.906 0.878 0.852 0.830 0.810 0.792 0.774 0.759 0.744 0.730 0.716 0.704
850 - - - 0.962 0.947 0.910 0.880 0.855 0.832 0.812 0.793 0.776 0.760 0.744 0.730 0.717 0.704
900 - - - 0.965 0.953 0.914 0.883 0.857 0.834 0.813 0.794 0.777 0.760 0.745 0.731 0.718 0.705
950 - - - 0.969 0.958 0.918 0.886 0.860 0.836 0.815 0.796 0.778 0.761 0.746 0.732 0.718 0.705
1000 - - - 0.974 0.959 0.923 0.890 0.862 0.838 0.816 0.797 0.779 0.762 0.747 0.732 0.719 0.706

1050 - - - - 0.960 0.927 0.893 0.864 0.840 0.818 0.798 0.780 0.763 0.748 0.733 0.719 0.707
1100 - - - - 0.962 0.931 0.896 0.867 0.842 0.820 0.800 0.781 0.764 0.749 0.734 0.720 0.707
1150 - - - - 0.964 0.936 0.899 0.870 0.844 0.821 0.801 0.782 0.765 0.749 0.735 0.721 0.708
1200 - - - - 0.966 0.941 0.903 0.872 0.846 0.823 0.802 0.784 0.766 0.750 0.735 0.721 0.708
1250 - - - - 0.969 0.946 0.906 0.875 0.848 0.825 0.804 0.785 0.767 0.751 0.736 0.722 0.709

1300 - - - - 0.973 0.952 0.910 0.878 0.850 0.826 0.805 0.786 0.768 0.752 0.737 0.723 0.709
1350 - - - - 0.977 0.958 0.914 0.880 0.852 0.828 0.807 0.787 0.769 0.753 0.737 0.723 0.710
1400 - - - - 0.982 0.963 0.918 0.883 0.854 0.830 0.808 0.788 0.770 0.754 0.738 0.724 0.710
1450 - - - - 0.987 0.968 0.922 0.886 0.857 0.832 0.809 0.790 0.771 0.754 0.739 0.724 0.711
1500 - - - - 0.993 0.970 0.926 0.889 0.859 0.833 0.811 0.791 0.772 0.755 0.740 0.725 0.711

1550 - - - - - 0.972 0.930 0.892 0.861 0.835 0.812 0.792 0.773 0.756 0.740 0.726 0.712
1600 - - - - - 0.973 0.934 0.894 0.863 0.836 0.813 0.792 0.774 0.756 0.740 0.726 0.712
1650 - - - - - 0.973 0.936 0.895 0.863 0.836 0.812 0.791 0.772 0.755 0.739 0.724 0.710
1700 - - - - - 0.973 0.938 0.895 0.863 0.835 0.811 0.790 0.771 0.754 0.738 0.723 0.709
1750 - - - - - 0.974 0.940 0.896 0.862 0.835 0.810 0.789 0.770 0.752 0.736 0.721 0.707

© 2019 Baker Hughes, a GE company LLC - All rights reserved. Consolidated Valves Sizing and Selection | 21
Superheat Correction Factors

Table 12 - Superheat Correction Factor Ksh

Flowing Superheat Correction Factor Ksh , Total Temperature in ˚F of Superheated Steam
Press.
(psia) 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200
1800 - - - - - 0.975 0.942 0.897 0.862 0.834 0.810 0.788 0.768 0.751 0.735 0.720 0.705
1850 - - - - - 0.976 0.944 0.897 0.862 0.833 0.809 0.787 0.767 0.749 0.733 0.718 0.704
1900 - - - - - 0.977 0.946 0.898 0.862 0.832 0.807 0.785 0.766 0.748 0.731 0.716 0.702
1950 - - - - - 0.979 0.949 0.898 0.861 0.832 0.806 0.784 0.764 0.746 0.729 0.714 0.700
2000 - - - - - 0.982 0.952 0.899 0.861 0.831 0.805 0.782 0.762 0.744 0.728 0.712 0.698

2050 - - - - - 0.985 0.954 0.899 0.860 0.830 0.804 0.781 0.761 0.742 0.726 0.710 0.696
2100 - - - - - 0.988 0.956 0.900 0.860 0.828 0.802 0.779 0.759 0.740 0.724 0.708 0.694
2150 - - - - - 0.956 0.900 0.859 0.827 0.801 0.778 0.757 0.738 0.722 0.706 0.692
2200 - - - - - 0.955 0.901 0.859 0.826 0.799 0.776 0.755 0.736 0.720 0.704 0.690
2250 - - - - - 0.954 0.901 0.858 0.825 0.797 0.774 0.753 0.734 0.717 0.702 0.687

2300 - - - - - 0.953 0.901 0.857 0.823 0.795 0.772 0.751 0.732 0.715 0.699 0.685
2350 - - - - - 0.952 0.902 0.856 0.822 0.794 0.769 0.748 0.729 0.712 0.697 0.682
2400 - - - - - 0.952 0.902 0.855 0.820 0.791 0.767 0.746 0.727 0.710 0.694 0.679
2450 - - - - - 0.951 0.902 0.854 0.818 0.789 0.765 0.743 0.724 0.707 0.691 0.677
2500 - - - - - 0.951 0.902 0.852 0.816 0.787 0.762 0.740 0.721 0.704 0.688 0.674

2550 - - - - - 0.951 0.902 0.851 0.814 0.784 0.759 0.738 0.718 0.701 0.685 0.671
2600 - - - - - 0.951 0.903 0.849 0.812 0.782 0.756 0.735 0.715 0.698 0.682 0.664
2650 - - - - - 0.952 0.903 0.848 0.809 0.779 0.754 0.731 0.712 0.695 0.679 0.664
2700 - - - - - 0.952 0.903 0.846 0.807 0.776 0.750 0.728 0.708 0.691 0.675 0.661
2750 - - - - - 0.953 0.903 0.844 0.804 0.773 0.747 0.724 0.705 0.687 0.671 0.657

2800 - - - - - 0.956 0.903 0.842 0.801 0.769 0.743 0.721 0.701 0.684 0.668 0.653
2850 - - - - - 0.959 0.902 0.839 0.798 0.766 0.739 0.717 0.697 0.679 0.663 0.649
2900 - - - - - 0.963 0.902 0.836 0.794 0.762 0.735 0.713 0.693 0.675 0.659 0.645
2950 - - - - - 0.902 0.834 0.790 0.758 0.731 0.708 0.688 0.671 0.655 0.640
3000 - - - - - 0.901 0.831 0.786 0.753 0.726 0.704 0.684 0.666 0.650 0.635

3050 - - - - - 0.899 0.827 0.782 0.749 0.722 0.699 0.679 0.661 0.645 0.630
3100 - - - - - 0.896 0.823 0.777 0.744 0.716 0.693 0.673 0.656 0.640 0.625
3150 - - - - - 0.894 0.819 0.772 0.738 0.711 0.688 0.668 0.650 0.634 0.620
3200 - - - - - 0.889 0.815 0.767 0.733 0.705 0.682 0.662 0.644 0.628 0.614

22 | BHGE © 2019 Baker Hughes, a GE company LLC - All rights reserved.

ASME Rupture Disk Combinations Kc
A) Rupture Disk not Certified with the Safety Relief Valve
For those situations, the safety relief valve is sized in accordance with
previously identified methods. However, this combination of rupture
disk and pressure relief valve can only be credited with 90% of its
ASME certified relieving capacity.
B) Rupture Disk is certified with the Safety Relief Valve Kc
In this case, the particular type of safety relief valve has been actually
flow tested in combination with a unique rupture disk supplier’s
design type and a combination capacity factor established. The
combination capacity factor is published by the National Board of
Boiler & Pressure Vessels.
The safety relief valve ASME certified relieving capacity must be
multiplied by the combination capacity factor to obtain the allowable
ASME relieving capacity for the combination of the safety relief valve
and rupture disk.
C) In all cases ASME installation requirements must be followed. Refer
to ASME Code Section VIII, paragraph UG-127.

© 2019 Baker Hughes, a GE company LLC - All rights reserved. Consolidated Valves Sizing and Selection | 23
API Fire Sizing

API Fire Sizing Table A1 - Type of Equipment - Factor Fa

The hazard of fire in operating plants that handle or process flammable Bare vessel........................................................................................................ 1.0
liquids or gases must be a consideration in the sizing of safety relief
valves. Any pressure vessel, or other pressure containing equipment Insulated vesselb (These arbitrary insulation conductance values
protected by pressure relief valves under normal operating conditions, are shown as examples and are in British Thermal Units per hour
should be fire sized in the event that the equipment may be exposed per square foot per degree Fahrenheit):
to fire (although contents of the vessel are not flammable.) 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.15
A fire may occur due to leakage of flammable material from equipment
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.075
and pipe lines, or may be caused by operational mishaps. If accidentally
0.67. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05
ignited, this burning material will immediately endanger adjacent
0.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0376
vessels and equipment. Burning material can become an open, free
0.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.03
burning fire quickly and carried some distance from the source of the
0.33. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.026
leak by the slope of the ground in the case of liquids and by air currents
with gas or vapor. Water application facilities, on bare vesselc...................................... 1.0
Depressurizing and emptying facilitiesd.............................................. 1.0
In the event that an open fire occurs around equipment or vessels,
a
heat will naturally be absorbed by anything coming in contact with the These are suggested values for the conditions assumed in A.2. When these con-
ditions do not exist, engineering judgment should be exercised either in selecting
flames and/or hot gases of the fire. If this heat absorption in a vessel a higher factor or in providing means of protecting vessels from fire exposure as
continues for a long enough time, the vessel contents will be heated suggested in API RP 520, Part 1 - Sizing and Selection, D.8.
and the pressure will rise until the safety relief valve opens. b
Insulation shall resist dislodgement by fire-hose streams. For the examples, a
Therefore it is necessary, when determining the safety relief valve temperature difference of 1600°F was used. These conductance values are based
on insulation having thermal conductivity of 4 BTU/hr-ft2 -˚F per inch at 1600°F and
size, to consider the probability of fire exposure. correspond to various thicknesses of insulation between 1 and 12 inches.
A. Fire Sizing For Liquid Hydrocarbons c
No reduction is given due to the inherent variables present (e.g. freezing weather,
high winds clogged systems, etc.).
1) The following information is necessary prior to fire sizing a vessel
containing a liquid: d
No reduction is given due to the inherent variables present, e.g. inaccessibility of
manual controls, timing of depressurization, direction of automated controls, etc.
• Tank size (dimensions describing shape)
2) Determine Heat Absorption
• Mounting (horizontal or vertical; height above ground)
Q = 21,000 FAs0.82
• Fluid (composition by names)
Where:
• N
 ormal liquid level (NLL): % full, depth of fluid or liquid-
full Q = Total heat absorption (input) into the wetted surface in BTU(British
Thermal Units) per hour
• F factor - See Table A1; if not known, use a factor of 1
F = Environment Factor (see Table A1)
• Operating pressure
As = Total wetted surface area in square feet
• Set pressure
When adequate draining and fire fighting equipment do not exist,
• Operating temperature
Q = 34,500 FAs0.82
• Saturation temperature at P1
The determination of the total wetted surface area can become
• K (ratio of specific heats)
lengthy for certain vessel configurations, such as a horizontal
• M (molecular weight) cylindrical vessel with elliptical ends. Total surface area formulas for
several different vessel shapes are listed in Table A2.
• Z (compressibility factor); if not known, assume Z = 1
Total wetted surface area (A) = Fwp x Total vessel surface area
(Fwp = Wetted Perimeter factor)
For horizontal vessels, use Table A3 and Figure 3. For vertical vessels,
use Table A2.
3) Determination of vapor discharge capacity in lb/hr

Q
W =
Latent Heat of Vaporization
Determine Q from Step (2).
Determine latent heat of vaporization from the fluid properties.

24 | BHGE © 2019 Baker Hughes, a GE company LLC - All rights reserved.

API Fire Sizing

Table A2 - Total Surface Area Formulas1

SPHERE As = πD2
Vertical cylinder with flat ends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . As = π(DL + D2/2)
Vertical cylinder with elliptical ends. . . . . . . . As = π DL + 2.61D2
Vertical cylinder with hemispherical ends. . . . . As = π(DL + D2)
Horizontal cylinder with flat ends. . . . . . . . . . . As = π(DL + D2/2)
Horizontal cylinder with elliptical ends. . . . . As = π DL + 2.61D2
Horizontal cylinder with hemispherical ends. . . As = π(DL+D2)
π = 3.1416
1
It is recommended that the total wetted surface (“A” in the above formulas) is at least
that wetted surface included within a height of 25 feet above grade, or in the case of
spheres and spheroids, at least the elevation of the maximum horizontal diameter or a
height of 25 feet, whichever is greater. The term “grade” usually refers to ground grade,
but may be at any level at which a sizable fire could be sustained.

Table A3 - Liquid Level for Horizontal

Cylindrical Vessels
% full < 0.5 % full ≥ 0.5

θ = cos-1

(
D
2
- D(1 - % Full)

D
) θ = cos-1

D
2(- D(1 - % Full)

D
)
2 2
2θ 2
Aws = As* ( ) Aws = As* π - 2θ
( )
2π 2π

Where θ is in radians
Q
w (vapor discharge capacity) = W =
Hfg
Where Hfg = latent heat of vaporization (btw/lb)

4) Determination of orifice area requirements Valves are to be sized
in accordance with previously defined methods given in “Sizing
Formulas” (see pages 8 - 9.)

© 2019 Baker Hughes, a GE company LLC - All rights reserved. Consolidated Valves Sizing and Selection | 25
API Fire Sizing

B. Fire Sizing For Vessels Containing Gases Tω = vessel wall temperature, in degrees Rankine.
1) The following information is necessary prior to fire sizing a vessel T1 = gas temperature, absolute, in degrees Rankine, at the upstream
containing a vapor or gas. pressure, determined from the following relationship:
• Tank Size: Dimensions describing shape
P1 x Tn
• Mounting: Horizontal or vertical; height above ground T1 =

n
P
• Fluid: Composition by names of specific heats
Where:
• Operating pressure: P° (psia)
Pη = normal operating gas pressure, in pounds per square inch
• Set pressure, P (psig) absolute.
• Operating temperature: T° (˚F + 460) Tη = normal operating gas temperature, in degrees Rankine.
• R
 elieving temperature: If not known calculate as The recommended maximum vessel wall temperature for the usual
shown below: carbon steel plate materials is 1100°F. Where vessels are fabricated
P = Set pressure, psig from alloy materials, the value for Tω should be changed to a more
appropriate recommended maximum.
P1 = Flowing pressure, psia = (P x 1.21) + 14.7
Po = Normal Operating pressure, psia Determination of Relief Valve Factor F1:
To = Normal operating temperature absolute (˚R)
0.1406 (Tω-T1)1.25
T1 = Relieving temperature = T1 - 460 F1 =
NOTE: Use caution when T1 exceeds 1100°F for carbon steel.
CKD X (T1)0.6506

P1 x To
T1 = Determine the exposed vessel surface area using the appropriate

o
P formula in Table A2.
2) Determine orifice area requirement. Now calculate Ac as follows:
The required orifice area for a safety relief valve on a
F1 x AS
gas-containing vessel exposed to an open fire can be AC =
determined by the following formula. √ P1
F xA
1 1
A=
√ P1
F1 can be determined from the following relationship. The
recommended minimum value of F1 is 0.01; when the
minimum value is unknown, F1 = 0.045 should be used.

0.1406 (Tω-T1)1.25
F1 = x
CKD (T1)0.6506
Where:
A = effective discharge area of the valve, in square inches.
A1 = exposed surface area of the vessel, in square feet.
P1 = upstream relieving pressure, in pounds per square inch absolute.
This is the set pressure plus the allowable overpressure plus the
atmospheric pressure.
C = coefficient determined by the ratio of the specific heat of the gas
at standard conditions. This can be obtained from Tables 4 and 5.

26 | BHGE © 2019 Baker Hughes, a GE company LLC - All rights reserved.

© 2019 Baker Hughes, a GE company LLC - All rights reserved. Consolidated Valves Sizing and Selection | 27
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