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    Models of Molecular Compounds Lab

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    Sam Bisaria Student - GreenHopeHS
    This document provides an introduction to a lab on modeling molecular compounds. It discusses how molecular shape determines properties like boiling point and reactivity. The VSEPR rule is introduced to predict molecular geometry based on electron pairs around a central atom. Covalent bonds are classified as polar or nonpolar based on electronegativity differences. Students will construct ball-and-stick models of molecules and predict their geometries and polarities.

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    Models of Molecular Compounds Lab

    Uploaded by

    Sam Bisaria Student - GreenHopeHS
    311 views3 pages
    This document provides an introduction to a lab on modeling molecular compounds. It discusses how molecular shape determines properties like boiling point and reactivity. The VSEPR rule is introduced to predict molecular geometry based on electron pairs around a central atom. Covalent bonds are classified as polar or nonpolar based on electronegativity differences. Students will construct ball-and-stick models of molecules and predict their geometries and polarities.

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    This document provides an introduction to a lab on modeling molecular compounds. It discusses how molecular shape determines properties like boiling point and reactivity. The VSEPR rule is introduced to predict molecular geometry based on electron pairs around a central atom. Covalent bonds are classified as polar or nonpolar based on electronegativity differences. Students will construct ball-and-stick models of molecules and predict their geometries and polarities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    311 views3 pages

    Models of Molecular Compounds Lab

    Uploaded by

    Sam Bisaria Student - GreenHopeHS
    This document provides an introduction to a lab on modeling molecular compounds. It discusses how molecular shape determines properties like boiling point and reactivity. The VSEPR rule is introduced to predict molecular geometry based on electron pairs around a central atom. Covalent bonds are classified as polar or nonpolar based on electronegativity differences. Students will construct ball-and-stick models of molecules and predict their geometries and polarities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Models of Molecular Compounds Lab

    Introduction

    Why should people care about the shape of molecules? Consider that the properties
    of molecules, including their role in nature, depend not only on their molecular
    composition and structure, but their shape as well. Molecular shape determines a
    compound’s boiling point, freezing point, viscosity, and the nature of its reactions.

    The geometry of a small molecule can be predicted by examining the central atom
    and identifying the number of atoms bonded to it and the number of unshared
    electron pairs surrounding it. The shapes of the molecules may be predicted using the
    VSEPR rule, which states that electron pairs around a central atom will position
    themselves to allow for the maximum amount of space between them.

    Covalent bonds can be classified by comparing the difference in electronegativities of


    the two bonded atoms. If the difference in electronegativities is less than or equal to
    0.4, the bond is called a nonpolar covalent bond. If the difference in
    electronegativities is between 0.5 and 1.7, a polar covalent bond results. If the
    difference in electronegativities is greater than 1.7 an ionic bond results.

    Ball and stick models can be used to demonstrate the shapes of molecules. In this
    experiment, you will construct models of covalent molecules and predict the
    geometry and polarity of each molecule.

    Pre-Lab Discussion

    1. What is a covalent bond?

    2. What two factors determine whether a molecule is polar or not?

    3. List the five different molecular geometries that you will be studying in this
    investigation.
    5. Calculate the electronegativiy difference and predict the type of bond for the
    following example (polar or nonpolar).

    a. Na – Cl

    b. C – H

    c. S – O

    d. N – N

    Procedure

    1. Complete the Data Table for each of the compounds listed on it, like the example
    given to you.

    2. Build the compound using the ball and stick kits provided and get your teacher’s
    approval before going on to the next compound.

    3. When you have completed the investigation, take apart your models and return the
    model set to your teacher.

    Critical Thinking: Application

    Based on your results, predict the type of bonding, molecular geometry, and
    molecular polarity of the following molecules.

    Type of Bonding Molecular Geometry Polarity


    a. HI

    b. SH

    c. NH

    d. CO
    2. a) The polarity of a substance can have a great effect on its reactivity and
    solubility. A rough rule of thumb for solubility is “like dissolves like.” Knowing this
    rule, what can you predict about the polarity of alcohol if you know that alcohol
    dissolves in water?

    b) Why do you think that water is not used to dissolve greasy stains and dirt at dry
    cleaners?

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