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    Assignment 1

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    15 views3 pages

    Assignment 1

    Uploaded by

    Arbaz Khan
    gy

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    HIGHER COLLEGES OF TECHNOLOGY

    Abu Dhabi Men’s College

    Chemical Engineering Department

    Spring 2021

    CHE 2422 - Petroleum Chemistry Testing

    Student Name: __________________________________________

    Student ID: _______________________

    Section: _____________
    Kerosene is a petroleum product that used for heating and lightening and it is used in
    engines.
    a. Describe chemical composition of Kerosene, naphtha, diesel, and gasoline (chain
    length, and number of carbons).
     Kerosene predominantly contains C9 to C16 range hydrocarbons.
     Light Naphtha a mixture consisting mainly of straight-chained and cyclic aliphatic
    hydrocarbons having from five to six carbon atoms per molecule. Heavy Naphtha is a
    mixture consisting mainly of straight-chained and cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons having
    from seven to nine carbon atoms per molecule.
     Diesel typically contain between 9 and 25 carbon atoms per molecule.
     Gasoline consists relatively lightweight hydrocarbons with between 4 and
    12 carbon atoms per molecule (commonly referred to as C4–C12.

    b. What is the boiling rage for kerosene? And how it is compared to the boiling
    range of diesel and naphtha, and gasoline?
     Boiling range of kerosene is between 150 and 275 °C (300 and 525 °F).
     Boiling range of Naphtha is between 30 °C and 200 °C.
     Boiling range of Diesel is between 200 and 350 °C (392 and 662 °F).
     Boiling range of gasoline is near 85 °C (185 °F).
    c. Compare kerosene to naphtha, gasoline and diesel oil (heavier or lighter)
     According to the number of carbon atoms per molecule the heaviest is diesel
    as it has 9 to 25 carbon atoms.
     Second is kerosene with 9 to 16 carbon atoms.
     Third is the gasoline from 4 to 12.
     And the least heavy is naphtha with 5 to 9 carbon atoms per molecule.
    So we can say
    Diesel > Kerosene > Gasoline > Naphtha.
    d. Compare the volatility of kerosene to gasoline, naphta.
    Volatility is the inverse of boiling point i.e. the more the boiling point the lesser the
    volatility of a compound.
    So as we have the highest boiling range for Diesel so we can say it is least volatile.
    Then comes kerosene, naphtha and gasoline respectively.
    Gasoline > Naphtha > Kerosene > Diesel.
    e. What are the major properties of kerosene that determine its burning quality?
    The major properties that determine the burning quality of kerosene are:
    1. Smoke point:
    2. Calorific value
    3. Pour point

    f. Compare the flash points of kerosene, gasoline and determine which of them is
    safe for storage?
     The flash point of kerosene is between 37 and 65 °C (100 and 150 °F).

     The flash point of Gasoline is -23 ° C.


    So we can say kerosene is safe to store as compared to gasoline as it has a higher
    flash point as compared to the gasoline.
    g. Categorize the kerosene and naphtha as flammable or combustible?

    NFPA Flammable Liquid Types


    Type  Flash Point Range 
    Flammable Liquids < 100°F (38°C)
    Combustible Liquids ≥ 100°F (38°C)
    Table 1: NFPA Standards

    These are the ranges given by NFPA.


    So as we know the flash popint of kerosene is above 150°F so it is flammable liquid.
    The flash point of Naphtha is less than 100°F so it is combustible.[ CITATION Pub19 \l
    2057 ]
    h. Describe how can kerosene be analyzed for trace metals?
    To ensure the quality of kerosene, manufacturers and distributors of kerosene carry out routine
    analysis of their products to ensure that certain elements do not exceed set limits for specific trace
    elements.
    ASTM test method ASTM D7111 ‘Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Middle
    Distillate Fuels by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry’ (ICP-AES, also known
    as ICP-OES).[ CITATION Nor18 \l 2057 ]

    References
     Nora Bartsch. (2018). Analysis of Trace Elements in Kerosene. Germany: Thermo Fisher
    Scientific.

     Pubchem. (2019). Kerosene. Retrieved from Pubchem.in :


    pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Undecane

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