GIS Assignment-I

WHAT ISGIS USEDFOR INURBAN PLANNING?
Professionals apply GIS in urban planning for analysis, modeling and visualization.
By processing geospatial data from satellite imaging, aerial photography and remote
sensors, users gain a detailed perspective on land and infrastructure. As urban
populations grow and spread, the importance of GIS lies in its ability to pull together
the vast amounts of information necessary to balance competing priorities and solve
complicated problems, such as optimizing new building placement or determining the
feasibility of a waste disposal site.
These powerful tools help planners understand the needs of densely populated
areas, but they also adapt to examining smaller towns and even informal
settlements. The ability to run a variety of queries and analytics on GIS data means
experts can evaluate how new construction will fit in with existing infrastructure and
meet regulatory demands. Users may spot opportunities for improved resource use,
identifying the best locations to harvest solar, wind or geothermal energy.
GIS technology empowers urban planners with enhanced visibility into data. They
monitor fluctuations over time, evaluate the feasibility of proposed projects and
predict their effects on the environment. GIS software can also show all relevant
stakeholders exactly what the changes on the ground will look like to help them
make better decisions. For example, GIS software may generate visualizations of an
area’s current environmental conditions and allow users to draw comparisons
between the anticipated results of proposed development plans.
Important GIS Applications and Uses
GIS in Mapping: Mapping is a central function of Geographic Information System,

which provides a visual interpretation of data. GIS store data in database and then
represent it visually in a mapped format. People from different professions use
map to communicate. It is not necessary to be a skilled cartographer to create maps.
Google map, Bing map, Yahoo map are the best example for web based GIS
mapping solution.
Urban Planning: GIS technology is used to analyze the urban growth and its
direction of expansion, and to find suitable sites for further urban development. In
order to identify the sites suitable for the urban growth, certain factors have to
consider which is: land should have proper accessibility, land should be more or less
flat, land should be vacant or having low usage value presently and it should have
good supply of water.
Agricultural Applications: GIS can be used to create more effective and efficient
farming techniques. It can also analyze soil data and to determine: what are the best
crop to plant?, where they should go? how to maintain nutrition levels to best benefit
crop to plant?. It is fully integrated and widely accepted for helping government
agencies to manage programs that support farmers and protect the environment.
This could increase food production in different parts of the world so the world food
crisis could be avoided.
Determine land use/land cover changes: Land cover means the feature that is
covering the barren surface .Land use means the area in the surface utilized for
particular use. The role of GIS technology in land use and land cover applications is
that we can determine land use/land cover changes in the different areas. Also it can
detect and estimate the changes in the land use/ land cover pattern within time. It
enables to find out sudden changes in land use and land cover either by natural
forces or by other activities like deforestation.
The versatility and dynamism of the GIS technology provides information to planners for
efficient planning and implementation. The unique feature of GIS is its ability to
provide
answers to the queries through rational and systematic analysis of the situation and
aid
planners to take quick decision. GIS can help the planner answer a set of generic questions.
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A GIS or geographic information system integrates hardware, software, and data for
capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically
referenced information. A GIS helps you in answering question and solve problems
by analysing the data provided and making it easier to understand and
share. Geographic Information System is one of the latest and most advanced
system till date to help organize spatial data.
It is an information system that is used to input, store, retrieve, manipulate,

analyze and output geographically referenced data or geo-spatial data in various
forms which gives relationships, patterns, and trends in different forms like maps,
globes, reports, and charts. This helps planners to support decision-making for
planning and management of land use and natural resources. It can also be
considered as a computer-based mapping tool that allows users to manipulate large
sets of data as layers or themes.
GIS technology is now being used widely as it can be integrated into any enterprise
information system framework. A popular GIS software includes ArcGIS developed
by ESRI. ArcGIS is widely used and taught to town planners to for urban planning.
How to add data in Geographic Information System
Modern softwares uses digital information generated by using other CAD tools by the
process of digitization. Digitization is a process of making a digital map from a hard
copy or image of map by tracing the actual map through lines and other tools in CAD
softwares. The maps thus generated are generally used as maps called as base
maps. The digitized maps are also georeferenced for better analysis.
GIS systems works by maintaining spatial and attribute data separately, then
“joining” them for display or analysis for example, in ArcView, the Attributes of table
is used to link a shapefile (spatial structure) with a data base table containing
attribute information in order to display the attribute data spatially on a map.
Fundamentals includes:
Data Management: Database View
Manages various kinds of GIS data including vector, raster, images, tables, other
data files
Analysis: Model View
Spatially aware data: Attribute and spatial query, Proximity and Overlay, etc
Visualization: Map View
Maps, Charts, graphs, tables, etc. Various coordinate systems – 2D and 3D
Functions of geographic information system:
 Capture Data
 Store Data
 Query data
 Analyze data
 Display Data
 Produce Output
Data Model: Implementation – Geographic Integration of Information
 Data is organized by layers, coverages or themes (synonymous concepts),

with each layer representing a common feature.
 Layers are integrated using explicit location on the earth’s surface, thus
geographic location is the organizing principle.
Lakshna adityan
March II year

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WHAT ISGIS USEDFOR INURBAN PLANNING?

GIS in Mapping: Mapping is a central function of Geographic Information System,

It is an information system that is used to input, store, retrieve, manipulate,

How to add data in Geographic Information System

Functions of geographic information system:

Data Model: Implementation – Geographic Integration of Information

 Data is organized by layers, coverages or themes (synonymous concepts),

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